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Minato H, Endo R, Kurata Y, Notsu T, Kinugasa Y, Wakimizu T, Tsuneto M, Shirayoshi Y, Ninomiya H, Yamamoto K, Hisatome I, Otsuki A. Azelnidipine protects HL-1 cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by enhancement of NO production independently of effects on gene expression. Heart Vessels 2024:10.1007/s00380-024-02415-4. [PMID: 38797744 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-024-02415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
It remains to be elucidated whether Ca2+ antagonists induce pharmacological preconditioning to protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how pretreatment with a Ca2+ antagonist, azelnidipine, could protect cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in vitro. Using HL-1 cardiomyocytes, we studied effects of azelnidipine on NO synthase (NOS) expression, NO production, cell death and apoptosis during H/R. Action potential durations (APDs) were determined by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Azelnidipine enhanced endothelial NOS phosphorylation and NO production in HL-1 cells under normoxia, which was abolished by a heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, geldanamycin, and an antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine. Pretreatment with azelnidipine reduced cell death and shortened APDs during H/R. These effects of azelnidipine were diminished by a NOS inhibitor, L-NAME, but were influenced by neither a T-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor, NiCl2, nor a N-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor, ω-conotoxin. The azelnidipine-induced reduction in cell death was not significantly enhanced by either additional azelnidipine treatment during H/R or increasing extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. RNA sequence (RNA-seq) data indicated that azelnidipine-induced attenuation of cell death, which depended on enhanced NO production, did not involve any significant modifications of gene expression responsible for the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway. We conclude that pretreatment with azelnidipine protects HL-1 cardiomyocytes against H/R injury via NO-dependent APD shortening and L-type Ca2+ channel blockade independently of effects on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Minato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-Cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ryo Endo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-Cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Notsu
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Regenerative Therapy, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kinugasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Takayuki Wakimizu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Motokazu Tsuneto
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Regenerative Therapy, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Regenerative Therapy, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Cardiology, NHO Yonago Medical Center, Yonago, 683-0006, Japan
| | - Akihiro Otsuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-Cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
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Yassaghi Y, Jeddi S, Yousefzadeh N, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Long-term inorganic nitrate administration protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in female rats. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:411. [PMID: 37605135 PMCID: PMC10441752 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The favorable effects of nitrate against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) have primarily focused on male rats and in short term. Here we determine the impact of long-term nitrate intervention on baseline cardiac function and the resistance to MIRI in female rats. METHODS Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into untreated and nitrate-treated (100 mg/L sodium nitrate in drinking water for 9 months) groups (n = 14/group). At intervention end, levels of serum progesterone, nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), heart NOx concentration, and mRNA expressions of NO synthase isoforms (NOS), i.e., endothelial (eNOS), neuronal (nNOS), and inducible (iNOS), were measured. Isolated hearts were exposed to ischemia, and cardiac function indices (CFI) recorded. When the ischemia-reperfusion (IR) period ended, infarct size, NO metabolites, eNOS, nNOS, and iNOS expression were measured. RESULTS Nitrate-treated rats had higher serum progesterone (29.8%, P = 0.013), NOx (31.6%, P = 0.035), and higher heart NOx (60.2%, P = 0.067), nitrite (131%, P = 0.018), and eNOS expression (200%, P = 0.005). Nitrate had no significant effects on baseline CFI but it increased recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP, 19%, P = 0.020), peak rate of positive (+ dp/dt, 16%, P = 0.006) and negative (-dp/dt, 14%, P = 0.014) changes in left ventricular pressure and decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP, 17%, P < 0.001) and infarct size (34%, P < 0.001). After the IR, the two groups had significantly different heart nitrite, nitrate, NOx, and eNOS and iNOS mRNA expressions. CONCLUSIONS Long-term nitrate intervention increased the resistance to MIRI in female rats; this was associated with increased heart eNOS expression and circulating progesterone before ischemia and blunting ischemia-induced increased iNOS and decreased eNOS after MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Yassaghi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Yaman Street, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Yaman Street, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Yousefzadeh
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Yaman Street, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Yaman Street, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
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Yousefzadeh N, Jeddi S. Long-term Ovariectomy Reduces Tolerance of Rats to Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2023; 21:e135101. [PMID: 38028249 PMCID: PMC10676666 DOI: 10.5812/ijem-135101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The harmful impact of ovariectomy on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (M/IR) injury has been established in the short term. Objectives In this study, we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of ovariectomy on M/IR injury. Methods Two methods involving dorsolateral skin incisions were used to induce the ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. The rats were divided into 2 groups: Control and OVX (n = 6). At the end of the study, the hearts were isolated and subjected to global ischemia using the Langendorff apparatus. Cardiac function indices (CFIs) were recorded, including left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), peak rates of positive (+dp/dt) and negative (-dp/dt) changes in LV pressure, and LV-developed pressure (LVDP). At the end of the reperfusion period, the hearts were used to measure the size of the infarct, levels of nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and mRNA expression of NO synthase (NOS) enzymes, including endothelial (eNOS), neuronal (nNOS), and inducible (iNOS). Results Compared to controls, OVX rats had larger infarct size by 51%, higher LVEDP by 29%, and lower recovery of +dp/dt, -dp/dt, and LVDP by 29%, 22%, and 35%, respectively. Furthermore, in heart tissue, rats that underwent OVX had significantly higher concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and NOx by 79%, 82%, and 83%, respectively. Additionally, these rats had lower mRNA levels of eNOS by 38% and higher mRNA levels of iNOS by 71%. Conclusions The long-term deficiency of estrogen increased the expression of iNOS and decreased the expression of eNOS in the heart tissue of OVX rats. Imbalanced NOS expressions were associated with exacerbated responses to M/IR injury in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Yousefzadeh
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Suvorava T, Metry S, Pick S, Kojda G. Alterations in endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and their relevance to blood pressure. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cortese-Krott MM, Suvorava T, Leo F, Heuser SK, LoBue A, Li J, Becher S, Schneckmann R, Srivrastava T, Erkens R, Wolff G, Schmitt JP, Grandoch M, Lundberg JO, Pernow J, Isakson BE, Weitzberg E, Kelm M. Red blood cell eNOS is cardioprotective in acute myocardial infarction. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102370. [PMID: 35759945 PMCID: PMC9241051 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) were shown to transport and release nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity and carry an endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). However, the pathophysiological significance of RBC eNOS for cardioprotection in vivo is unknown. Here we aimed to analyze the role of RBC eNOS in the regulation of coronary blood flow, cardiac performance, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in vivo. To specifically distinguish the role of RBC eNOS from the endothelial cell (EC) eNOS, we generated RBC- and EC-specific knock-out (KO) and knock-in (KI) mice by Cre-induced inactivation or reactivation of eNOS. We found that RBC eNOS KO mice had fully preserved coronary dilatory responses and LV function. Instead, EC eNOS KO mice had a decreased coronary flow response in isolated perfused hearts and an increased LV developed pressure in response to elevated arterial pressure, while stroke volume was preserved. Interestingly, RBC eNOS KO showed a significantly increased infarct size and aggravated LV dysfunction with decreased stroke volume and cardiac output. This is consistent with reduced NO bioavailability and oxygen delivery capacity in RBC eNOS KOs. Crucially, RBC eNOS KI mice had decreased infarct size and preserved LV function after AMI. In contrast, EC eNOS KO and EC eNOS KI had no differences in infarct size or LV dysfunction after AMI, as compared to the controls. These data demonstrate that EC eNOS controls coronary vasodilator function, but does not directly affect infarct size, while RBC eNOS limits infarct size in AMI. Therefore, RBC eNOS signaling may represent a novel target for interventions in ischemia/reperfusion after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Francesca Leo
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sophia K Heuser
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthea LoBue
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Junjie Li
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Becher
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebekka Schneckmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Tanu Srivrastava
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Ralf Erkens
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Georg Wolff
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim P Schmitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malte Kelm
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Nitric oxide signaling in health and disease. Cell 2022; 185:2853-2878. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Signori D, Magliocca A, Hayashida K, Graw JA, Malhotra R, Bellani G, Berra L, Rezoagli E. Inhaled nitric oxide: role in the pathophysiology of cardio-cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases. Intensive Care Med Exp 2022; 10:28. [PMID: 35754072 PMCID: PMC9234017 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-022-00455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule in the biology of human life. NO is involved in the physiology of organ viability and in the pathophysiology of organ dysfunction, respectively. In this narrative review, we aimed at elucidating the mechanisms behind the role of NO in the respiratory and cardio-cerebrovascular systems, in the presence of a healthy or dysfunctional endothelium. NO is a key player in maintaining multiorgan viability with adequate organ blood perfusion. We report on its physiological endogenous production and effects in the circulation and within the lungs, as well as the pathophysiological implication of its disturbances related to NO depletion and excess. The review covers from preclinical information about endogenous NO produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to the potential therapeutic role of exogenous NO (inhaled nitric oxide, iNO). Moreover, the importance of NO in several clinical conditions in critically ill patients such as hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, hemolysis, cerebrovascular events and ischemia-reperfusion syndrome is evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. Accordingly, the mechanism behind the beneficial iNO treatment in hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension is investigated. Furthermore, investigating the pathophysiology of brain injury, cardiopulmonary bypass, and red blood cell and artificial hemoglobin transfusion provides a focus on the potential role of NO as a protective molecule in multiorgan dysfunction. Finally, the preclinical toxicology of iNO and the antimicrobial role of NO-including its recent investigation on its role against the Sars-CoV2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic-are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Signori
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Aurora Magliocca
- Department of Medical Physiopathology and Transplants, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Kei Hayashida
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jan A Graw
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, CCM/CVK Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- ARDS/ECMO Centrum Charité, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giacomo Bellani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Respiratory Care Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
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Netrin-1: An Emerging Player in Inflammatory Diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 64:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Xia H, Li Z, Sharp TE, Polhemus DJ, Carnal J, Moles KH, Tao YX, Elrod J, Pfeilschifter J, Beck KF, Lefer DJ. Endothelial Cell Cystathionine γ-Lyase Expression Level Modulates Exercise Capacity, Vascular Function, and Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017544. [PMID: 32990120 PMCID: PMC7792404 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important endogenous physiological signaling molecule and exerts protective properties in the cardiovascular system. Cystathionine γ‐lyase (CSE), 1 of 3 H2S producing enzyme, is predominantly localized in the vascular endothelium. However, the regulation of CSE in vascular endothelium remains incompletely understood. Methods and Results We generated inducible endothelial cell‐specific CSE overexpressed transgenic mice (EC‐CSE Tg) and endothelial cell‐specific CSE knockout mice (EC‐CSE KO), and investigated vascular function in isolated thoracic aorta, treadmill exercise capacity, and myocardial injury following ischemia‐reperfusion in these mice. Overexpression of CSE in endothelial cells resulted in increased circulating and myocardial H2S and NO, augmented endothelial‐dependent vasorelaxation response in thoracic aorta, improved exercise capacity, and reduced myocardial‐reperfusion injury. In contrast, genetic deletion of CSE in endothelial cells led to decreased circulating H2S and cardiac NO production, impaired endothelial dependent vasorelaxation response and reduced exercise capacity. However, myocardial‐reperfusion injury was not affected by genetic deletion of endothelial cell CSE. Conclusions CSE‐derived H2S production in endothelial cells is critical in maintaining endothelial function, exercise capacity, and protecting against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our data suggest that the endothelial NO synthase—NO pathway is likely involved in the beneficial effects of overexpression of CSE in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Xia
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA
| | - Zhen Li
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA
| | - Thomas E Sharp
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA
| | - David J Polhemus
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA
| | - Jean Carnal
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA
| | - Karl H Moles
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn AL
| | - John Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia PA
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Karl-Friedrich Beck
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - David J Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA
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Daiber A, Münzel T. Interplay of the red blood cell and vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase system to combat cardiac complications of anemia. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:44. [PMID: 32533259 PMCID: PMC7292806 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Geb. 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Geb. 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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Wang J, Liu J, Xie L, Cai X, Ma X, Gong J. Bisoprolol, a β 1 antagonist, protects myocardial cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 34:708-720. [PMID: 32363697 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to explore whether bisoprolol plays a protective role in cardiomyocytes against ischemia-reperfusion injury via PI3K/AKT/ GSK3β pathway. We pretreated male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with bisoprolol by oral administration prior to 0.5 h ischemia/4 h reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size and serum levels of cTnI and CK-MB were measured. In vitro, H9c2 cells were treated with hypoxia and reoxygenation, followed by measurement of cell viability, apoptosis, ROS production, cytometry, activities of AKT, GSK3β, and p-38 in the presence and absence of GSK3β siRNA. We found that bisoprolol reduced infarct size from 44% in I/R group to 31% in treated group (P < 0.05). The levels of cTnI and CK-MB were decreased from 286 ± 7 pg/mL and 32.2 ± 2 ng/mL in I/R group to 196 ± 2 pg/mL and 19.6 ± 0.9 ng/mL in the treated group, respectively (P < 0.05). Bisoprolol also increased cell viability while decreased apoptosis and ROS production in the treatment of hypoxia/ reoxygenation. Furthermore, bisoprolol increased AKT and GSK3β phosphorylation, an effect that was immediately eliminated by LY294002. GSK3β-specific siRNA experiment further confirmed that bisoprolol protected the myocardium against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury via suppressing GSK3β activity. In conclusion, bisoprolol protected myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury via the PI3K/AKT/ GSK3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbin Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
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Minato H, Hisatome I, Kurata Y, Notsu T, Nakasone N, Ninomiya H, Hamada T, Tomomori T, Okamura A, Miake J, Tsuneto M, Shirayoshi Y, Endo R, Otsuki A, Okada F, Inagaki Y. Pretreatment with cilnidipine attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in HL-1 cardiomyocytes through enhanced NO production and action potential shortening. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:380-388. [PMID: 31942044 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury worsens in the absence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Cilnidipine, a Ca2+ channel blocker, has been reported to activate endothelial NOS (eNOS) and increases nitric oxide (NO) in vascular endothelial cells. We examined whether pretreatment with cilnidipine could attenuate cardiac cell deaths including apoptosis caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. HL-1 mouse atrial myocytes as well as H9c2 rat ventricular cells were exposed to H/R, and cell viability was evaluated by an autoanalyzer and flow cytometry; eNOS expression, NO production, and electrophysiological properties were also evaluated by western blotting, colorimetry, and patch clamping, respectively, in the absence and presence of cilnidipine. Cilnidipine enhanced phosphorylation of eNOS and NO production in a concentration-dependent manner, which was abolished by siRNAs against eNOS or an Hsp90 inhibitor, geldanamycin. Pretreatment with cilnidipine attenuated cell deaths including apoptosis during H/R; this effect was reproduced by an NO donor and a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. The NOS inhibitor L-NAME abolished the protective action of cilnidipine. Pretreatment with cilnidipine also attenuated H9c2 cell death during H/R. Additional cilnidipine treatment during H/R did not significantly enhance its protective action. There was no significant difference in the protective effect of cilnidipine under normal and high Ca2+ conditions. Action potential duration (APD) of HL-1 cells was shortened by cilnidipine, with this shortening augmented after H/R. L-NAME attenuated the APD shortening caused by cilnidipine. These findings indicate that cilnidipine enhances NO production, shortens APD in part by L-type Ca2+ channel block, and thereby prevents HL-1 cell deaths during H/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Minato
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0268, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Notsu
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Naoe Nakasone
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hamada
- Department of Community-Based Family Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Takuya Tomomori
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Akihiro Okamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Junichiro Miake
- Department of Pharmacology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Motokazu Tsuneto
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ryo Endo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Akihiro Otsuki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Futoshi Okada
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Inagaki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
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Wu T, Jiang N, Ji Z, Shi G. The IRE1 signaling pathway is involved in the protective effect of low-dose LPS on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2019; 231:116569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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14
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Kobayashi J, Murata I. Nitrite as a pharmacological intervention for the successful treatment of crush syndrome. Physiol Rep 2019; 6. [PMID: 29512311 PMCID: PMC5840435 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Crush syndrome is characterized by ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The protective effect of nitrite on experimentally induced IRI has been demonstrated in the heart, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle. IRI in tissues and systemic organs occurs due to the massive generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent systemic inflammation. Therefore, ischemic pre and postconditioning are performed in clinical practice. Intravenous administration of nitrite inhibits IRI through nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. In this paper, we discuss the utility of nitrite as a pharmacological postconditioning agent in the treatment of crush syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Isamu Murata
- Division of Drug Safety Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
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15
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Nagasaka Y, Fernandez BO, Steinbicker AU, Spagnolli E, Malhotra R, Bloch DB, Bloch KD, Zapol WM, Feelisch M. Pharmacological preconditioning with inhaled nitric oxide (NO): Organ-specific differences in the lifetime of blood and tissue NO metabolites. Nitric Oxide 2018; 80:52-60. [PMID: 30114529 PMCID: PMC6198794 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) may contribute to ischemic and anesthetic preconditioning while exogenous NO protects against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart and other organs. Why those beneficial effects observed in animal models do not always translate into clinical effectiveness remains unclear. To mitigate reperfusion damage a source of NO is required. NO inhalation is known to increase tissue NO metabolites, but little information exists about the lifetime of these species. We therefore sought to investigate the fate of major NO metabolite classes following NO inhalation in mice in vivo. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 80 ppm NO for 1 h. NO metabolites were measured in blood (plasma and erythrocytes) and tissues (heart, liver, lung, kidney and brain) immediately after NO exposure and up to 48 h thereafter. Concentrations of S-nitrosothiols, N-nitrosamines and NO-heme products as well as nitrite and nitrate were quantified by gas-phase chemiluminescence and ion chromatography. In separate experiments, mice breathed 80 ppm NO for 1 h prior to cardiac I/R injury (induced by coronary arterial ligation for 1 h, followed by recovery). After sacrifice, the size of the myocardial infarction (MI) and the area at risk (AAR) were measured. RESULTS After NO inhalation, elevated nitroso/nitrosyl levels returned to baseline over the next 24 h, with distinct multi-phasic decay profiles in each compartment. S/N-nitroso compounds and NO-hemoglobin in blood decreased exponentially, but remained above baseline for up to 30min, whereas nitrate was elevated for up to 3hrs after discontinuing NO breathing. Hepatic S/N-nitroso species concentrations remained steady for 30min before dropping exponentially. Nitrate only rose in blood, liver and kidney; nitrite tended to be lower in all organs immediately after NO inhalation but fluctuated considerably in concentration thereafter. NO inhalation before myocardial ischemia decreased the ratio of MI/AAR by 30% vs controls (p = 0.002); only cardiac S-nitrosothiols and NO-hemes were elevated at time of reperfusion onset. CONCLUSIONS Metabolites in blood do not reflect NO metabolite status of any organ. Although NO is rapidly inactivated by hemoglobin-mediated oxidation in the circulation, long-lived tissue metabolites may account for the myocardial preconditioning effects of inhaled NO. NO inhalation may afford similar protection in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Nagasaka
- Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrea U Steinbicker
- Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ester Spagnolli
- Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, UK
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth D Bloch
- Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, UK
| | - Warren M Zapol
- Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
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16
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Santana MNS, Souza DS, Miguel-Dos-Santos R, Rabelo TK, Vasconcelos CMLD, Navia-Pelaez JM, Jesus ICGD, Silva-Neto JAD, Lauton-Santos S, Capettini LDSA, Guatimosim S, Rogers RG, Santos MRVD, Santana-Filho VJ, Mesquita TRR. Resistance exercise mediates remote ischemic preconditioning by limiting cardiac eNOS uncoupling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 125:61-72. [PMID: 30339842 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently viewed as a complementary non-pharmacological intervention for preventing cardiac disorders, long-term aerobic training produces cardioprotection through remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) mechanisms. However, RIPC triggered by acute exercise remains poorly understood. Although resistance exercise (RE) has been highly recommended by several public health guidelines, there is no evidence showing that RE mediates RIPC. Hence, we investigated whether RE induces cardiac RIPC through nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Acute RE at 40% of the maximal load augmented systemic nitrite levels, associated with increased cardiac eNOS phosphorylation, without affecting nNOS activity. Using an experimental model of myocardial infarction (MI) through ischemia-reperfusion (IR), RE fully prevented the loss of cardiac contractility and the extent of MI size compared to non-exercised (NE) rats. Moreover, RE mitigated aberrant ST-segment and reduced life-threatening arrhythmias induced by IR. Importantly, inhibition of NOS abolished the RE-mediated cardioprotection. After IR, NE rats showed increased cardiac eNOS activity, associated with reduced dimer/monomer ratio. Supporting the pivotal role of eNOS coupling during MI, non-exercised rats displayed a marked generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative-induced carbonylation of proteins, whereas RE prevented these responses. We validated our data demonstrating a restoration of physiological ROS levels in NE + IR cardiac sections treated with BH4, a cofactor oxidatively depleted during eNOS uncoupling, while cardiac ROS generation from exercised rats remained unchanged, suggesting no physiological needs of supplemental eNOS cofactors. CONCLUSION Together, our findings strongly indicate that RE mediates RIPC by limiting eNOS uncoupling and mitigates myocardial IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Santos Souza
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julio Alves da Silva-Neto
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Russell G Rogers
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | | | - Thássio Ricardo Ribeiro Mesquita
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States.
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17
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Bibli SI, Zhou Z, Zukunft S, Fisslthaler B, Andreadou I, Szabo C, Brouckaert P, Fleming I, Papapetropoulos A. Tyrosine phosphorylation of eNOS regulates myocardial survival after an ischaemic insult: role of PYK2. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:926-937. [PMID: 28444132 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) is known to play a cardioprotective protective. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating eNOS activity during ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury are incompletely understood. eNOS is a substrate for several kinases that positively or negatively affect its enzymatic activity. Herein, we sought to correlate eNOS phosphorylation status with cardiomyocyte survival and we investigated the contribution of the proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2)/eNOS axis to the regulation of myocardial infarct size in vivo. Methods and results Exposure of H9c2 cardiomyocytes to H2O2 lead to PYK2 phosphorylation on its activator site (Y402) and eNOS phosphorylation on the inhibitor site Y656 and the activator site S1176. Both H2O2-induced eNOS phosphorylation events were abolished by PYK2 pharmacological inhibition or gene knockdown. Activity assays demonstrated that phosphorylation of the tyrosine inhibitory site exerts a dominant effect over S1176. In cardiomyocytes subjected to oxidative stress or oxygen-glucose deprivation, inhibition of PYK2 limited cell injury; this effect was prevented by inhibition of NO production. In vivo, ischaemia-reperfusion induced an early activation of PYK2, leading to eNOS phosphorylation on Y656, which, in turn, reduced NO output, as judged by the low tissue levels of its downstream effector cGMP. Moreover, pharmacological blockade of PYK2 alleviated eNOS inhibition and prevented cardiac damage following I/R injury in wild-type, but not in eNOS KO mice. Conclusion The current studies demonstrate that PYK2 is a pivotal regulator of eNOS function in myocardial infarction and identify PYK2 as a novel therapeutic target for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia-Iris Bibli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou 15771, Greece.,"George P. Livanos and Marianthi Simou" Laboratories, First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ipsilantou 45-47, Athens, 10675 Greece.,Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, D-60590, Germany
| | - Zongmin Zhou
- "George P. Livanos and Marianthi Simou" Laboratories, First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ipsilantou 45-47, Athens, 10675 Greece
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, D-60590, Germany
| | - Beate Fisslthaler
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, D-60590, Germany
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 601 Harborside Drive, Galveston, 77555 TX, USA
| | - Peter Brouckaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Pathology and Experimental Therapy, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, D-60590, Germany
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Zografou 15771, Greece.,"George P. Livanos and Marianthi Simou" Laboratories, First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ipsilantou 45-47, Athens, 10675 Greece.,Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou 4, Athens 11527, Greece
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18
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Nrf2 Deficiency Unmasks the Significance of Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity for Cardioprotection. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8309698. [PMID: 29854098 PMCID: PMC5952436 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8309698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a key master switch that controls the expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective enzymes, including enzymes catalyzing glutathione de novo synthesis. In this study, we aimed to analyze whether Nrf2 deficiency influences antioxidative capacity, redox state, NO metabolites, and outcome of myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. In Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2 KO) mice, we found elevated eNOS expression and preserved NO metabolite concentrations in the aorta and heart as compared to wild types (WT). Unexpectedly, Nrf2 KO mice have a smaller infarct size following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury than WT mice and show fully preserved left ventricular systolic function. Inhibition of NO synthesis at onset of ischemia and during early reperfusion increased myocardial damage and systolic dysfunction in Nrf2 KO mice, but not in WT mice. Consistent with this, infarct size and diastolic function were unaffected in eNOS knockout (eNOS KO) mice after ischemia/reperfusion. Taken together, these data suggest that eNOS upregulation under conditions of decreased antioxidant capacity might play an important role in cardioprotection against I/R. Due to the redundancy in cytoprotective mechanisms, this fundamental antioxidant property of eNOS is not evident upon acute NOS inhibition in WT mice or in eNOS KO mice until Nrf2-related signaling is abrogated.
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) signalling has pleiotropic roles in biology and a crucial function in cardiovascular homeostasis. Tremendous knowledge has been accumulated on the mechanisms of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-NO pathway, but how this highly reactive, free radical gas signals to specific targets for precise regulation of cardiovascular function remains the focus of much intense research. In this Review, we summarize the updated paradigms on NOS regulation, NO interaction with reactive oxidant species in specific subcellular compartments, and downstream effects of NO in target cardiovascular tissues, while emphasizing the latest developments of molecular tools and biomarkers to modulate and monitor NO production and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Farah
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL-FATH Tour Vésale 5th Floor, 52 Avenue Mounier B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lauriane Y M Michel
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL-FATH Tour Vésale 5th Floor, 52 Avenue Mounier B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL-FATH Tour Vésale 5th Floor, 52 Avenue Mounier B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Bisoprolol protects myocardium cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating unfolded protein response in rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11859. [PMID: 28928480 PMCID: PMC5605660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisoprolol (B) exerts potential cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Unfolded protein response (UPR) attenuates I/R injury induced apoptosis by reducing oxidative damage and inflammation response. The current study investigated whether the protective effects of bisoprolol resulted from modulating UPR and anti-inflammatory during myocardial I/R condition and elucidated its potential mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with B in the absence or presence of the injected UPR activator dithiothreitol (DTT) and then subjected to myocardial I/R surgery. In vitro, cultured H9C2 cells were pretreated with B or DTT and then subjected to simulate ischemia reperfusion (SIR) operation. Bisoprolol conferred cardioprotective effects by improving postischemic cardiac function, decreasing infarct size, reducing apoptotic index, diminishing serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels, suppressing TNF-α and IL-6 secretion, inhibiting UPR signal pathways and downregulating caspase-12 and caspase-3 expressions. Consistently, B conferred similar antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects against SIR injury in cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment with DTT or C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) overexpression mediated by lentivirus administration both abolished these effects. In summary, our results demonstrate that Bisoprolol protects myocardium cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury partly by attenuating unfolded protein response.
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21
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Zhang C, Tang Y, Li Y, Xie L, Zhuang W, Liu J, Gong J. Unfolded protein response plays a critical role in heart damage after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179042. [PMID: 28591178 PMCID: PMC5462470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a critical role in cell death mediated by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, little is known about the exact mechanism of UPR signaling pathways after myocardial I/R injury in rats. An attempt was therefore made to assess whether the myocardial I/R induced UPR, and which branch of UPR (ATF6, IRE1 and PERK) signal pathway was activated. Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with UPR stimulator dithiothreitol (DTT) and UPR inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (4PBA) and then subjected to myocardial I/R surgery. Compared with sham-operated group, the expression of GRP78, ATF6, CHOP and sXBP1 in the I/R injured group is significantly increased at transcript and protein levels, which indicated that all the three signal pathways of UPR were activated in the myocardial I/R injury. Compared with the I/R injured group, treatment with 4PBA effectively decreased myocardium infarct size, reduced myocardial apoptosis, down-regulated caspase-12 expression, diminished serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels. In contrast, these effects were reversed in DTT treated group. In summary, these results demonstrated that myocardial I/R injury activates UPR and inhibiting cell UPR possesses a cardioprotective effect through the suppression of ER stress-induced apoptosis. Therefore, inhibition of UPR might be used as a therapeutic target during myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (JG); (JL)
| | - Jianbin Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (JG); (JL)
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Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury following Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Critical Issue for Clinicians and Forensic Pathologists. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:7018393. [PMID: 28286377 PMCID: PMC5327760 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7018393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Reperfusion strategies are the current standard therapy for AMI. However, they may result in paradoxical cardiomyocyte dysfunction, known as ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI). Different forms of IRI are recognized, of which only the first two are reversible: reperfusion-induced arrhythmias, myocardial stunning, microvascular obstruction, and lethal myocardial reperfusion injury. Sudden death is the most common pattern for ischemia-induced lethal ventricular arrhythmias during AMI. The exact mechanisms of IRI are not fully known. Molecular, cellular, and tissue alterations such as cell death, inflammation, neurohumoral activation, and oxidative stress are considered to be of paramount importance in IRI. However, comprehension of the exact pathophysiological mechanisms remains a challenge for clinicians. Furthermore, myocardial IRI is a critical issue also for forensic pathologists since sudden death may occur despite timely reperfusion following AMI, that is one of the most frequently litigated areas of cardiology practice. In this paper we explore the literature regarding the pathophysiology of myocardial IRI, focusing on the possible role of the calpain system, oxidative-nitrosative stress, and matrix metalloproteinases and aiming to foster knowledge of IRI pathophysiology also in terms of medicolegal understanding of sudden deaths following AMI.
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23
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Donnarumma E, Bhushan S, Bradley JM, Otsuka H, Donnelly EL, Lefer DJ, Islam KN. Nitrite Therapy Ameliorates Myocardial Dysfunction via H2S and Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2)-Dependent Signaling in Chronic Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003551. [PMID: 27473036 PMCID: PMC5015282 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is reduced in heart failure (HF). Recent studies suggest cross-talk between NO and H2S signaling. We previously reported that sodium nitrite (NaNO2) ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and HF. Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the antioxidant proteins expression and is upregulated by H2S. We examined the NaNO2 effects on endogenous H2S bioavailability and Nrf2 activation in mice subjected to ischemia-induced chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS AND RESULTS Mice underwent 60 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion and 4 weeks of reperfusion. NaNO2 (165 μg/kgic) or vehicle was administered at reperfusion and then in drinking water (100 mg/L) for 4 weeks. Left ventricular (LV), ejection fraction (EF), LV end diastolic (LVEDD) and systolic dimensions (LVESD) were determined at baseline and at 4 weeks of reperfusion. Myocardial tissue was analyzed for oxidative stress and respective gene/protein-related assays. We found that NaNO2 therapy preserved LVEF, LVEDD and LVSD at 4 weeks during ischemia-induced HF. Myocardial malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content were significantly reduced in NaNO2-treated mice as compared to vehicle, suggesting a reduction in oxidative stress. NaNO2 therapy markedly increased expression of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase during 4 weeks of reperfusion. Furthermore, NaNO2 upregulated the activity of Nrf2, as well as H2S-producing enzymes, and ultimately increased H2S bioavailability in ischemia-induced CHF in mice as compared with vehicle. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that NaNO2 therapy significantly improves LV function via increasing H2S bioavailability, Nrf2 activation, and antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminia Donnarumma
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jessica M Bradley
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hiroyuki Otsuka
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, Japan
| | - Erinn L Donnelly
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - David J Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Kazi N Islam
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
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Psotova H, Ostadal P, Mlcek M, Kruger A, Janotka M, Vondrakova D, Svoboda T, Hrachovina M, Taborsky L, Dudkova V, Strunina S, Kittnar O, Neuzil P. Ischemic Postconditioning and Nitric Oxide Administration Failed to Confer Protective Effects in a Porcine Model of Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Artif Organs 2015; 40:353-9. [PMID: 26412075 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The protective effects of ischemic postconditioning (IPC) and nitric oxide (NO) administration have been demonstrated in several ischemic scenarios. However, current evidence regarding the effect of IPC and NO in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation remains lacking. Fifteen female swine (body weight 45 kg) underwent veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) implantation; cardiac arrest-ventricular fibrillation was induced by rapid ventricular pacing. After 20 min of cardiac arrest, blood flow was restored by increasing the ECMO flow rate to 4.5 L/min. The animals (five per group) were then randomly assigned to receive IPC (three cycles of 3 min ischemia and reperfusion), NO (80 ppm via oxygenator), or mild hypothermia (HT; 33.0°C). Cerebral oximetry and aortic blood pressure were monitored continuously. After 90 min of reperfusion, blood samples were drawn for the measurement of troponin I, myoglobin, creatine-phosphokinase, alanine aminotransferase, neuron-specific enolase, cystatin C, and reactive oxygen metabolite (ROM) levels. Significantly higher blood pressure and cerebral oxygen saturation values were observed in the HT group compared with the IPC and NO groups (P < 0.05). The levels of troponin I, myoglobin, creatine phosphokinase, and alanine aminotransferase were significantly lower in the HT group (P < 0.05); levels of neuron-specific enolase, cystatin C, and ROM were not significantly different. IPC and NO were comparable in all monitored parameters. The results of the present study indicate that IPC and NO administration are not superior interventions to HT for the maintenance of blood pressure, cerebral oxygenation, organ protection, and suppression of oxidative stress following extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Psotova
- Cardiovascular Center, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ostadal
- Cardiovascular Center, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mikulas Mlcek
- Department of Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Kruger
- Cardiovascular Center, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Janotka
- Cardiovascular Center, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tomas Svoboda
- Department of Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Hrachovina
- Department of Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Taborsky
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology, and Immunology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Dudkova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Svitlana Strunina
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Otomar Kittnar
- Department of Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Neuzil
- Cardiovascular Center, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Preclinical and clinical evidence for the role of resveratrol in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1155-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Islam KN, Polhemus DJ, Donnarumma E, Brewster LP, Lefer DJ. Hydrogen Sulfide Levels and Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) Activity Are Attenuated in the Setting of Critical Limb Ischemia (CLI). J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:JAHA.115.001986. [PMID: 25977470 PMCID: PMC4599428 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.001986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Cystathionine γ-lyase, cystathionine β-synthase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase are endogenous enzymatic sources of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Functions of H2S are mediated by several targets including ion channels and signaling proteins. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 is responsible for the expression of antioxidant response element–regulated genes and is known to be upregulated by H2S. We examined the levels of H2S, H2S-producing enzymes, and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation status in skeletal muscle obtained from critical limb ischemia (CLI) patients. Methods and Results Gastrocnemius tissues were attained postamputation from human CLI and healthy control patients. We found mRNA and protein levels of cystathionine γ-lyase, cystathionine β-synthase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase were significantly decreased in skeletal muscle of CLI patients as compared to control. H2S and sulfane sulfur levels were significantly decreased in skeletal muscle of CLI patients. We also observed significant reductions in nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation as well as antioxidant proteins, such as Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in skeletal muscle of CLI patients. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl formation, were significantly increased in skeletal muscle of CLI patients as compared to healthy controls. Conclusions The data demonstrate that H2S bioavailability and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation are both attenuated in CLI tissues concomitant with significantly increased oxidative stress. Reductions in the activity of H2S-producing enzymes may contribute to the pathogenesis of CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi N Islam
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (K.N.I., D.J.P., E.D., D.J.L.)
| | - David J Polhemus
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (K.N.I., D.J.P., E.D., D.J.L.)
| | - Erminia Donnarumma
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (K.N.I., D.J.P., E.D., D.J.L.)
| | | | - David J Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (K.N.I., D.J.P., E.D., D.J.L.)
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P2X4 receptor-eNOS signaling pathway in cardiac myocytes as a novel protective mechanism in heart failure. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014; 13:1-7. [PMID: 25750695 PMCID: PMC4348440 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated using immunoprecipitation and immunostaining a novel physical association of the P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), a ligand-gated ion channel, with the cardioprotective, calcium-dependent enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Treatment of murine ventricular myocytes with the P2XR agonist 2-methylthioATP (2-meSATP) to induce a current (mainly Na(+)) increased the formation of nitric oxide (NO), as measured using a fluorescent probe. Possible candidates for downstream effectors mediating eNOS activity include cyclic GMP and PKG or cellular protein nitrosylation. A cardiac-specific P2X4R overexpressing mouse line was protected from heart failure (HF) with improved cardiac function and survival in post-infarct, pressure overload, and calsequestrin (CSQ) overexpression models of HF. Although the role of the P2X4R in other tissues such as the endothelium and monocytes awaits characterization in tissue-specific KO, cardiac-specific activation of eNOS may be more cardioprotective than an increased activity of global systemic eNOS. The intra-myocyte formation of NO may be more advantageous over NO derived externally from a donor. A small molecule drug stimulating this sarcolemmal pathway or gene therapy-mediated overexpression of the P2X4R in cardiac myocytes may represent a new therapy for both ischemic and pressure overloaded HF.
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule that elicits a number of cytoprotective effects in mammalian species. H2S was originally considered toxic at elevated levels, but 15 years ago the labile molecule was discovered in mammalian tissue and termed a gasotransmitter, thus opening the door for research aimed towards understanding its physiologic nature. Since then, novel findings have depicted the beneficial aspects of H2S therapy, such as vasodilation, antioxidant upregulation, inflammation inhibition, and activation of anti-apoptotic pathways. These cytoprotective alterations effectively treat multiple forms of cardiac injury at the preclinical level of research. The field has progressed towards instituting novel H2S donors that prove more effective at activating the subsequent cardioprotective enhancements over longer time periods. As more findings explore the efficacy of H2S, research focused on detection of sulfhydrated targets is on the rise. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that stem from H2S treatment may lead the field towards powerful therapeutics in the clinical setting. This review will discuss the cytoprotective and cardioprotective effects of H2S therapy, provide analysis on the molecular alterations that lead to these enhancements, and explore recently developed therapeutics that may bring this gasotransmitter into the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry A Barr
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine
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Wang B, Yang Q, Bai WW, Xing YF, Lu XT, Sun YY, Zhao YX. Tongxinluo protects against pressure overload-induced heart failure in mice involving VEGF/Akt/eNOS pathway activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98047. [PMID: 24887083 PMCID: PMC4041651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been demonstrated that Tongxinluo (TXL), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, improves ischemic heart disease in animal models via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The present study aimed to investigate whether TXL protects against pressure overload–induced heart failure in mice and explore the possible mechanism of action. Methods and Results Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed in mice to induce heart failure. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Myocardial pathology was detected using hematoxylin and eosin or Masson trichrome staining. We investigated cardiomyocyte ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy. Angiogenesis and oxidative stress levels were determined using CD31 and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine immunostaining and malondialdehyde assay, respectively. Fetal gene expression was measured using real-time PCR. Protein expression of VEGF, phosphorylated (p)-VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), p–phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), p-Akt, p-eNOS, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) were measured with western blotting. Twelve-week low- and high-dose TXL treatment following TAC improved cardiac systolic and diastolic function and ameliorated left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and myocardial ultrastructure derangement. Importantly, TXL increased myocardial capillary density significantly and attenuated oxidative stress injury in failing hearts. Moreover, TXL upregulated cardiac nitrite content and the protein expression of VEGF, p-VEGFR2, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-eNOS, and HO-1, but decreased Nox4 expression in mouse heart following TAC. Conclusion Our findings indicate that TXL protects against pressure overload–induced heart failure in mice. Activation of the VEGF/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway might be involved in TXL improvement of the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-wu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-fan Xing
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-ting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan-yuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu-xia Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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30
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Yang T, Shen JB, Yang R, Redden J, Dodge-Kafka K, Grady J, Jacobson KA, Liang BT. Novel protective role of endogenous cardiac myocyte P2X4 receptors in heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 7:510-8. [PMID: 24622244 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF), despite continuing progress, remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. P2X4 receptors (P2X4R) have emerged as potentially important molecules in regulating cardiac function and as potential targets for HF therapy. Transgenic P2X4R overexpression can protect against HF, but this does not explain the role of native cardiac P2X4R. Our goal is to define the physiological role of endogenous cardiac myocyte P2X4R under basal conditions and during HF induced by myocardial infarction or pressure overload. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice established with conditional cardiac-specific P2X4R knockout were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation-induced postinfarct or transverse aorta constriction-induced pressure overload HF. Knockout cardiac myocytes did not show P2X4R by immunoblotting or by any response to the P2X4R-specific allosteric enhancer ivermectin. Knockout hearts showed normal basal cardiac function but depressed contractile performance in postinfarct and pressure overload models of HF by in vivo echocardiography and ex vivo isolated working heart parameters. P2X4R coimmunoprecipitated and colocalized with nitric oxide synthase 3 (eNOS) in wild-type cardiac myocytes. Mice with cardiac-specific P2X4R overexpression had increased S-nitrosylation, cyclic GMP, NO formation, and were protected from postinfarct and pressure overload HF. Inhibitor of eNOS, L-N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)ornithine hydrochloride, blocked the salutary effect of cardiac P2X4R overexpression in postinfarct and pressure overload HF as did eNOS knockout. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes a new protective role for endogenous cardiac myocyte P2X4R in HF and is the first to demonstrate a physical interaction between the myocyte receptor and eNOS, a mediator of HF protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiehong Yang
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.)
| | - Jian-bing Shen
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.)
| | - Ronghua Yang
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.)
| | - John Redden
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.)
| | - Kimberly Dodge-Kafka
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.)
| | - James Grady
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.)
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.)
| | - Bruce T Liang
- From Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT (T.Y., J.S., R.Y., J.R., K.D.-K., J.G., B.T.L.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.A.J.).
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Bhushan S, Kondo K, Polhemus DJ, Otsuka H, Nicholson CK, Tao YX, Huang H, Georgiopoulou VV, Murohara T, Calvert JW, Butler J, Lefer DJ. Nitrite therapy improves left ventricular function during heart failure via restoration of nitric oxide-mediated cytoprotective signaling. Circ Res 2014; 114:1281-91. [PMID: 24599803 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.301475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is reduced in the setting of heart failure. Nitrite (NO2) is a critically important NO intermediate that is metabolized to NO during pathological states. We have previously demonstrated that sodium nitrite ameliorates acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE No evidence exists as to whether increasing NO bioavailability via nitrite therapy attenuates heart failure severity after pressure-overload-induced hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum from patients with heart failure exhibited significantly decreased nitrosothiol and cGMP levels. Transverse aortic constriction was performed in mice at 10 to 12 weeks. Sodium nitrite (50 mg/L) or saline vehicle was administered daily in the drinking water postoperative from day 1 for 9 weeks. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks after transverse aortic constriction to assess left ventricular dimensions and ejection fraction. We observed increased cardiac nitrite, nitrosothiol, and cGMP levels in mice treated with nitrite. Sodium nitrite preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and improved left ventricular dimensions at 9 weeks (P<0.001 versus vehicle). In addition, circulating and cardiac brain natriuretic peptide levels were attenuated in mice receiving nitrite (P<0.05 versus vehicle). Western blot analyses revealed upregulation of Akt-endothelial nitric oxide-nitric oxide-cGMP-GS3Kβ signaling early in the progression of hypertrophy and heart failure. CONCLUSIONS These results support the emerging concept that nitrite therapy may be a viable clinical option for increasing NO levels and may have a practical clinical use in the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Bhushan
- From the LSU Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (S.B., D.J.P., H.O., D.J.L.); Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (K.K., T.M.); Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center (C.K.N., J.W.C.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.V.G., J.B.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, AL (Y.-X.T., H.H.)
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Hydrogen sulfide cytoprotective signaling is endothelial nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide dependent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3182-7. [PMID: 24516168 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321871111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects against multiple cardiovascular disease states in a similar manner as nitric oxide (NO). H2S therapy also has been shown to augment NO bioavailability and signaling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of H2S deficiency on endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) function, NO production, and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We found that mice lacking the H2S-producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) exhibit elevated oxidative stress, dysfunctional eNOS, diminished NO levels, and exacerbated myocardial and hepatic I/R injury. In CSE KO mice, acute H2S therapy restored eNOS function and NO bioavailability and attenuated I/R injury. In addition, we found that H2S therapy fails to protect against I/R in eNOS phosphomutant mice (S1179A). Our results suggest that H2S-mediated cytoprotective signaling in the setting of I/R injury is dependent in large part on eNOS activation and NO generation.
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Huang Y, He Q, Zhan L, Yang M. Sarcoplasmic phospholamban protein is involved in the mechanisms of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction and the cardioprotective effect of nitrite during resuscitation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82552. [PMID: 24386101 PMCID: PMC3875413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-handling proteins play an important role in myocardial dysfunction after acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that nitrite would improve postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction by increasing nitric oxide (NO) generation and that the mechanism of this protection is related to the modulation of SR Ca(2+)-handling proteins. METHODS We conducted a randomized prospective animal study using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Cardiac arrest was induced by intravenous bolus of potassium chloride (40 µg/g). Nitrite (1.2 nmol/g) or placebo was administered when chest compression was started. No cardiac arrest was induced in the sham group. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored invasively for 90 minutes after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Echocardiogram was performed to evaluate cardiac function. Myocardial samples were harvested 5 minutes and 1 hour after ROSC. RESULTS Myocardial function was significantly impaired in the nitrite and placebo groups after resuscitation, whereas cardiac function (i.e., ejection fraction and fractional shortening) was significantly greater in the nitrite group than in the placebo group. Nitrite administration increased the level of nitric oxide in the myocardium 5 min after resuscitation compared to the other two groups. The levels of phosphorylated phospholamban (PLB) were decreased after resuscitation, and nitrite increased the phosphorylation of phospholamban compared to the placebo. No significant differences were found in the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA2a) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs). CONCLUSIONS postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction is associated with the impairment of PLB phosphorylation. Nitrite administered during resuscitation improves postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction by preserving phosphorylated PLB protein during resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing He
- The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
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Majumder S, Sinha S, Siamwala JH, Muley A, Reddy Seerapu H, Kolluru GK, Veeriah V, Nagarajan S, Sridhara SRC, Priya MK, Kuppusamy M, Srinivasan S, Konikkat S, Soundararajan G, Venkataraman S, Saran U, Chatterjee S. A comparative study of NONOate based NO donors: spermine NONOate is the best suited NO donor for angiogenesis. Nitric Oxide 2013; 36:76-86. [PMID: 24333563 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a known modulator of angiogenesis. The NONOate subfamily of NO donors has long been used in experimental and clinical studies to promote angiogenesis. However, no studies have been conducted yet to compare the angiogenesis potential of these NO donors in respect to their pattern of NO release. We hypothesize that having different pattern of NO release, each of the NO donors in NONOate subfamily can promote key stages of angiogenesis in differential manner. To verify our hypothesis, NO donors with half life ranging from seconds to several hours and having very different pattern of NO release were selected to evaluate their efficacy in modulating angiogenesis. Endothelial tube formation using EAhy926 cells was maximally increased by Spermine NONOate (SP) treatment. SP treatment maximally induced both ex vivo and in vivo angiogenesis using egg yolk and cotton plug angiogenesis models respectively. Experiment using chick embryo partial ischemia model revealed SP as the best suited NO donor to recover ischemia driven hampered angiogenesis. The present study elaborated that differential release pattern of NO by different NO donors can modulate angiogenesis differentially and also suggested that SP have a unique pattern of NO release that best fits for angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamantak Majumder
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Swaraj Sinha
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Jamila H Siamwala
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Ajit Muley
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Vimal Veeriah
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Shunmugam Nagarajan
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Mani Krishna Priya
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Salini Konikkat
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | | | - S Venkataraman
- Department of Pharmacology, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai, India
| | - Uttara Saran
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India.
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Huang ZM, Gao E, Fonseca FV, Hayashi H, Shang X, Hoffman NE, Chuprun JK, Tian X, Tilley DG, Madesh M, Lefer DJ, Stamler JS, Koch WJ. Convergence of G protein-coupled receptor and S-nitrosylation signaling determines the outcome to cardiac ischemic injury. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra95. [PMID: 24170934 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure caused by ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death in the developed world. Treatment is currently centered on regimens involving G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or nitric oxide (NO). These regimens are thought to target distinct molecular pathways. We showed that these pathways were interdependent and converged on the effector GRK2 (GPCR kinase 2) to regulate myocyte survival and function. Ischemic injury coupled to GPCR activation, including GPCR desensitization and myocyte loss, required GRK2 activation, and we found that cardioprotection mediated by inhibition of GRK2 depended on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and was associated with S-nitrosylation of GRK2. Conversely, the cardioprotective effects of NO bioactivity were absent in a knock-in mouse with a form of GRK2 that cannot be S-nitrosylated. Because GRK2 and eNOS inhibit each other, the balance of the activities of these enzymes in the myocardium determined the outcome to ischemic injury. Our findings suggest new insights into the mechanism of action of classic drugs used to treat heart failure and new therapeutic approaches to ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Maggie Huang
- 1Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Farah C, Kleindienst A, Bolea G, Meyer G, Gayrard S, Geny B, Obert P, Cazorla O, Tanguy S, Reboul C. Exercise-induced cardioprotection: a role for eNOS uncoupling and NO metabolites. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:389. [PMID: 24105420 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is an efficient strategy for myocardial protection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Although endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is phosphorylated and activated during exercise, its role in exercise-induced cardioprotection remains unknown. This study investigated whether modulation of eNOS activation during IR could participate in the exercise-induced cardioprotection against IR injury. Hearts isolated from sedentary or exercised rats (5 weeks training) were perfused with a Langendorff apparatus and IR performed in the presence or absence of NOS inhibitors [N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME or N5-(1-iminoethyl)-L-ornithine, L-NIO] or tetrahydrobiopterin (BH₄). Exercise training protected hearts against IR injury and this effect was abolished by L-NAME or by L-NIO treatment, indicating that exercise-induced cardioprotection is eNOS dependent. However, a strong reduction of eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 (eNOS-PSer1177) and of eNOS coupling during early reperfusion was observed in hearts from exercised rats (which showed higher eNOS-PSer1177 and eNOS dimerization at baseline) in comparison to sedentary rats. Despite eNOS uncoupling, exercised hearts had more S-nitrosylated proteins after early reperfusion and also less nitro-oxidative stress, indexed by lower malondialdehyde content and protein nitrotyrosination compared to sedentary hearts. Moreover, in exercised hearts, stabilization of eNOS dimers by BH4 treatment increased nitro-oxidative stress and then abolished the exercise-induced cardioprotection, indicating that eNOS uncoupling during IR is required for exercise-induced myocardial cardioprotection. Based on these results, we hypothesize that in the hearts of exercised animals, eNOS uncoupling associated with the improved myocardial antioxidant capacity prevents excessive NO synthesis and limits the reaction between NO and O₂·- to form peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻), which is cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Farah
- Laboratoire de Pharm-Ecologie Cardiovasculaire (EA4278), Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, 84000, Avignon, France
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Evangelista AM, Deschamps AM, Liu D, Raghavachari N, Murphy E. miR-222 contributes to sex-dimorphic cardiac eNOS expression via ets-1. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:493-8. [PMID: 23632416 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00008.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that there is sex-dimorphic expression of mRNA and protein in the heart; however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an important regulator of cardiac function, and the expression levels of eNOS differ between male and female hearts. The aim of this study was to examine whether expression of specific microRNA (miRNA, miR) in males and females contributes to changes in the expression of eNOS. miRNA was extracted from the myocardium of male and female C57BL/6 mice and subjected to an Affymetrix miRNA array. Decreased expression of miR-222 was discovered in females and confirmed by qRT-PCR from whole heart or isolated cardiomyocytes. The transcription factor V-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog-1 (ets-1) was identified as a potential target of miR-222 using TargetScan, and fivefold increased ets-1 protein expression in females was confirmed by Western blot. Targeting of ets-1 by miR-222 was determined in HEK293 cells overexpressing luciferase under regulation of either the ets-1 3'-UTR, a null 3'-UTR control, or a scrambled ets-1 3'-UTR and treated with a small molecule miR-222 mimic or inhibitor. Additionally qRT-PCR confirmed that mRNA levels of the ets-1 transcriptional target, eNOS, were 25% higher in females. Compared with untreated myocyte controls, 50% inhibition of eNOS expression was achieved by treatment with a miR-222 mimic, compared with a 25% increase due to miR-222 inhibitor. Our findings indicate that sex-dependent miR-222 regulation alters the expression of the cardiac regulatory protein eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Evangelista
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Jin HF, Wang Y, Wang XB, Sun Y, Tang CS, Du JB. Sulfur dioxide preconditioning increases antioxidative capacity in rat with myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Nitric Oxide 2013; 32:56-61. [PMID: 23629152 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was designed to explore if sulfur dioxide (SO2) preconditioning increased antioxidative capacity in rat with myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS The myocardial I/R model was made by left coronary artery ligation for 30min and reperfusion for 120min in rats. Myocardial infarct size and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione (GSH) changes were detected for the rats. The contents of myocardial hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. Myocardial protein expressions of SOD1, SOD2, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and iNOS were tested using Western blot. RESULTS Myocardial infarction developed and plasma CK and LDH activities were significantly increased in I/R group compared with those in control group, but SO2 preconditioning significantly reduced myocardial infarct size, and plasma CK and LDH activities. SO2 preconditioning successfully increased plasma SOD, GSH and GSH-Px levels and myocardial SOD1 protein expression, but decreased MDA level in rats of I/R group. Compared with controls, the myocardial H2S level and CSE expression were decreased after I/R, but myocardial NO level and iNOS expression were increased. With the treatment of SO2, myocardial H2S level and CSE expression were increased, but myocardial NO level and iNOS expression were decreased compared with those in I/R group. CONCLUSIONS SO2 preconditioning could significantly reduce I/R-induced myocardial injury in vivo in association with increased myocardial antioxidative capacity, upregulated myocardial H2S/CSE pathway but downregulated NO/iNOS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong fang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, PR China
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Zhao MM, Yang JY, Wang XB, Tang CS, Du JB, Jin HF. The PI3K/Akt pathway mediates the protection of SO(2) preconditioning against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:501-6. [PMID: 23524571 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the mechanisms underlying the protection by SO2 preconditioning against rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Male Wistar rats underwent 30-min left coronary artery ligation followed by 120-min reperfusion. An SO2 donor (1 μmol/kg) was intravenously injected 10 min before the ischemia, while LY294002 (0.3 mg/kg) was intravenously injected 30 min before the ischemia. Plasma activities of LDH and CK were measured with an automatic enzyme analyzer. Myocardial infarct size was detected using Evans-TTC method. The activities of caspase-3 and -9 in myocardium were assayed using a commercial kit, and the levels of p-Akt, Akt, PI3K and p-PI3K were examined with Western blotting. RESULTS Pretreatment with SO2 significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size and plasma LDH and CK activities, as well as myocardial caspase-3 and -9 activities in the rats. Furthermore, the pretreatment significantly increased the expression levels of myocardial p-Akt and p-PI3K p85. Administration of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 blocked all the effects induced by SO2 pretreatment. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the PI3K/Akt pathway mediates the protective effects of SO2 preconditioning against myocardial I/R injury in rats.
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Yang C, Talukder MAH, Varadharaj S, Velayutham M, Zweier JL. Early ischaemic preconditioning requires Akt- and PKA-mediated activation of eNOS via serine1176 phosphorylation. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 97:33-43. [PMID: 22977010 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/NO signalling is well documented in late ischaemic preconditioning (IPC); however, the role of eNOS and its activation in early IPC remains controversial. This study investigates the role of eNOS in early IPC and the signalling pathways and molecular interactions that regulate eNOS activation during early IPC. METHODS AND RESULTS Rat hearts were subjected to 30-min global ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) with or without IPC (three cycles 5-min I and 5-min R) in the presence or absence of the NOS inhibitor l-NAME, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 (LY), and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 during IPC induction or prior endothelial permeablization. IPC improved post-ischaemic contractile function and reduced infarction compared with I/R with this being abrogated by l-NAME or endothelial permeablization. eNOS(Ser1176), Akt(Ser473), and PKA(Thr197) phosphorylation was increased following IPC. I/R decreased eNOS(Ser1176) phosphorylation, whereas IPC increased it. Mass spectroscopy confirmed eNOS(Ser1176) phosphorylation and quantitative Western blots showed ∼24% modification of eNOS(Ser1176) following IPC. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated eNOS, Akt, and PKA complexation. Immunohistology showed IPC-induced Akt and PKA phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes and endothelium. With eNOS activation, IPC increased NO production as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping and fluorescence microscopy. LY or H89 not only decreased Akt(Ser473) or PKA(Thr197) phosphorylation, respectively, but also abolished IPC-induced preservation of eNOS and eNOS(Ser1176) phosphorylation as well as cardioprotection. CONCLUSION Thus, Akt- and PKA-mediated eNOS activation, with phosphorylation near the C-terminus, is critical for early IPC-induced cardioprotection, with eNOS-derived NO from the endothelium serving a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 473 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Milsom AB, Fernandez BO, Garcia-Saura MF, Rodriguez J, Feelisch M. Contributions of nitric oxide synthases, dietary nitrite/nitrate, and other sources to the formation of NO signaling products. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:422-32. [PMID: 22133018 PMCID: PMC3365358 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mice lacking all three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genes remain viable even though deletion of the major downstream target of NO, soluble guanylyl cyclase, is associated with a dramatically shortened life expectancy. Moreover, findings of relatively normal flow responses in eNOS knockouts are generally attributed to compensatory mechanisms including upregulation of remaining NOS isoforms, but the alternative possibility that dietary nitrite/nitrate (NOx) may contribute to basal levels of NO signaling has never been investigated. AIM The aim of the present study was to examine how NO signaling products (nitrosated and nitrosylated proteins) and NO metabolites (nitrite, nitrate) are affected by single NOS deletions and whether dietary NOx plays a compensatory role in any deficiency. Specifically, we sought to ascertain whether profound alterations of these products arise upon genetic deletion of either NOS isoform, inhibition of all NOS activity, NOx restriction, or all of the above. RESULTS Our results indicate that while some significant changes do indeed occur, they are surprisingly moderate and compartmentalized to specific tissues. Unexpectedly, even after pharmacological inhibition of all NOSs and restriction of dietary NOx intake in eNOS knockout mice significant levels of NO-related products remain. Innovation/Conclusion: These findings suggest that a yet unidentified source of NO, unrelated to NOSs or dietary NOx, may be sustaining basal NO signaling in tissues. Given the significance of NO for redox regulation in health and disease, it would seem to be important to identify the nature of this additional source of NO products as it may offer new therapeutic avenues for correcting NO deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Milsom
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Bhushan S, Kondo K, Predmore BL, Zlatopolsky M, King AL, Pearce C, Huang H, Tao YX, Condit ME, Lefer DJ. Selective β2-adrenoreceptor stimulation attenuates myocardial cell death and preserves cardiac function after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:1865-74. [PMID: 22652602 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.251769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE β(2)-adrenoreceptor activation has been shown to protect cardiac myocytes from cell death. We hypothesized that acute β(2)-adrenoreceptor stimulation, using arformoterol (ARF), would attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (R) injury via NO synthase activation and cause a subsequent increase in NO bioavailability. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) knockout mice were subjected to 45 minutes of myocardial ischemia and 24 hours of R. ARF or vehicle was administered 5 minutes before R. Serum troponin-I was measured, and infarct size per area-at-risk was evaluated at 24 hours of R. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and 2 weeks after R. Myocardial cAMP, protein kinase A, eNOS/Akt phosphorylation status, and NO metabolite levels were assayed. ARF (1 µg/kg) reduced infarct size per area-at-risk by 53.1% (P<0.001 versus vehicle) and significantly reduced troponin-I levels (P<0.001 versus vehicle). Ejection fraction was significantly preserved in ARF-treated hearts compared with vehicle hearts at 2 weeks of R. Serum cAMP and nuclear protein kinase A C-α increased 5 and 15 minutes after ARF injection, respectively (P<0.01). ARF increased Akt phosphorylation at Thr(308) (P<0.001) and Ser(473) (P<0.01), and eNOS phosphorylation at Ser(1177) (P<0.01). ARF treatment increased heart nitrosothiol levels (P<0.001) at 15 min after injection. ARF failed to reduce infarct size in eNOS(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that β(2)-adrenoreceptor stimulation activates cAMP, protein kinase A, Akt, and eNOS and augments NO bioavailability. Activation of this prosurvival signaling pathway attenuates myocardial cell death and preserves cardiac function after ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Bhushan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree St NE, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
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Suppression of rat Frizzled-2 attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Ca2+ accumulation in rat H9c2 cells. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1480-91. [PMID: 22510436 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that Ca(2+) overload is one of the major contributors of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. Since Frizzled-2 receptor, a seven transmembrane protein, transduces downstream signaling by specialized binding of Wnt5a to increase intracellular Ca(2+) release, this work aimed to investigate the effect of Frizzled-2 on Ca(2+) accumulation in H9c2 cells, which were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation to mimic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. After exposing H9c2 cells to hypoxia/reoxygenation, we observed higher expression of Frizzled-2 and Wnt5a as compared to control group cells. Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced intracellular Ca(2+) accumulation approached that of cells transfected with frizzled-2 plasmid. In cells treated with RNAi specifically designed against frizzled-2, intracellular Ca(2+) in both hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated cells and plasmid-treated cells were decreased. Rats that underwent ischemia/reperfusion injury exhibited increased intracellular Ca(2+) with high expression levels of Frizzled-2 and Wnt5a as compared to the sham group. Our data indicates that upon binding to Wnt5a, increased Frizzled-2 expression after hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment activated intracellular calcium release in H9c2 cells. Our findings provide a new perspective in understanding calcium overload in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.
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Reinartz M, Molojavyi A, Moellendorf S, Hohlfeld T, Heger J, Gödecke A. β-Adrenergic signaling and response to pressure overload in transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of inducible NO synthase. Nitric Oxide 2012; 25:11-21. [PMID: 21645870 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The role of iNOS induction in the context of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure is still not fully understood. We have used transgenic mice with cardiac specific overexpression of iNOS (tg-iNOS) to investigate the consequences of high level NO formation on cardiac function in vivo and the response to chronic pressure overload. Conductance manometry was used to analyze cardiac function of wild type (WT) and tg-iNOS mice under basal conditions and β-adrenergic stimulation. To investigate the influence of iNOS on cardiac function in hypertrophied hearts, transversal aortic constriction was performed. Despite a high level of cardiac NO formation tg-iNOS mice showed almost normal LV function under basal conditions. The cardiac response to β-adrenergic stimulation, however, was completely abolished. Acute NOS inhibition led to an instantaneous recovery of the inotropic response to catecholamines in tg-iNOS mice. Chronic pressure overload induced a similar extent of cardiac hypertrophy in WT and tg-iNOS hearts. LV function, however, was more compromised in tg-iNOS hearts as revealed by a decreased contractility and cardiac output. IN CONCLUSION a high level of cardiac NO formation does not induce heart failure per se but severely enhances the functional depression in response to pressure overload. This effect could be due to the tonic impairment of the cardiac β-adrenergic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Reinartz
- Institut für Herz- and Kreislaufphystologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Zhang YH, Casadei B. Sub-cellular targeting of constitutive NOS in health and disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 52:341-50. [PMID: 21945464 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are ubiquitous enzymes that play a pivotal role in the regulation of myocardial function in health and disease. The discovery of both a neuronal NOS (nNOS) and an endothelial NOS (eNOS) isoform in the myocardium and the availability of genetically modified mice with selective eNOS or nNOS gene deletion have been of crucial importance for understanding the role of constitutive nitric oxide (NO) production in the myocardium. eNOS and nNOS are homologous in structure and utilize the same co-factors and substrates; however, they differ in their subcellular localization, regulation, and downstream signaling, all of which may account for their distinct effects on excitation-contraction coupling. In particular, eNOS-derived NO has been reported to increase left ventricular (LV) compliance, attenuate beta-adrenergic inotropy and enhance parasympathetic/muscarinic responses, and mediate the negative inotropic response to β3 adrenoreceptor stimulation via cGMP-dependent signaling. Conversely, nNOS-derived NO regulates basal myocardial inotropy and relaxation by inhibiting the sarcolemmal Ca(2+) current (I(Ca)) and promoting protein kinase A-dependent phospholamban (PLN) phosphorylation, independent of cGMP. By inhibiting the activity of myocardial oxidase systems, nNOS regulates the redox state of the myocardium and contributes to maintain eNOS "coupled" activity. After myocardial infarction, up-regulation of myocardial nNOS attenuates adverse remodeling and prevents arrhythmias whereas uncoupled eNOS activity in murine models of left ventricular pressure overload accelerates the progress towards heart failure. Here we review the evidence in support of the idea that NOS subcellular localization, mode of activation, and downstream signaling account for the diverse and highly specialized actions of NO in the heart. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Local Signaling in Myocytes".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tao J, Zhu W, Li Y, Xin P, Li J, Liu M, Li J, Redington AN, Wei M. Apelin-13 protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibition of ER-dependent apoptotic pathways in a time-dependent fashion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H1471-86. [PMID: 21803944 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00097.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is activated during and contributes to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Attenuation of ER stress-induced apoptosis protects the heart against I/R injury. Using apelin, a ligand used to activate the apelin APJ receptor, which is known to be cardioprotective, this study was designed to investigate 1) the time course of changes in I/R injury after ER stress; 2) whether apelin infusion protects the heart against I/R injury via modulation of ER stress-dependent apoptosis signaling pathways; and 3) how phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and ERK activation are involved in the protection offered by apelin treatment. The results showed that, using an in vivo rat I/R model induced by 30 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion, infarct size (IS) increased from 2 h of reperfusion (34.85 ± 2.14%) to 12 h of reperfusion (48.98 ± 3.35, P < 0.05), which was associated with an abrupt increase in ER stress-dependent apoptosis activation, as evidenced by increased CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, and JNK activation (CHOP: 2.49-fold increase, caspase-12: 2.09-fold increase, and JNK: 3.38-fold increase, P < 0.05, respectively). Administration of apelin at 1 μg/kg not only completely abolished the activation of ER stress-induced apoptosis signaling pathways at 2 h of reperfusion but also significantly attenuated time-related changes at 24 h of reperfusion. Using pharmacological inhibition, we also demonstrated that PI3K/Akt, AMPK, and ERK activation were involved in the protection against I/R injury via inhibition of ER stress-dependent apoptosis activation. In contrast, although eNOS activation played a role in decreasing IS at 2 h of reperfusion, it failed to modify either IS or ER stress-induced apoptosis signaling pathways at 24 h after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Tao
- Division of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, State Key Discipline Cardiology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Moody BF, Calvert JW. Emergent role of gasotransmitters in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Med Gas Res 2011; 1:3. [PMID: 22146243 PMCID: PMC3191488 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9912-1-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are lipid-soluble, endogenously produced gaseous messenger molecules collectively known as gasotransmitters. Over the last several decades, gasotransmitters have emerged as potent cytoprotective mediators in various models of tissue and cellular injury. Specifically, when used at physiological levels, the exogenous and endogenous manipulation of these three gases has been shown to modulate ischemia/reperfusion injury by inducing a number of cytoprotective mechanisms including: induction of vasodilatation, inhibition of apoptosis, modulation of mitochondrial respiration, induction of antioxidants, and inhibition of inflammation. However, while the actions are similar, there are some differences in the mechanisms by which these gasotransmitters induce these effects and the regulatory actions of the enzyme systems can vary depending upon the gas being investigated. Furthermore, there does appear to be some crosstalk between the gases, which can provide synergistic effects and additional regulatory effects. This review article will discuss several models and mechanisms of gas-mediated cytoprotection, as well as provide a brief discussion on the complex interactions between the gasotransmitter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette F Moody
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
| | - John W Calvert
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
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Wang XB, Huang XM, Ochs T, Li XY, Jin HF, Tang CS, Du JB. Effect of sulfur dioxide preconditioning on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:865-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Nagasaka Y, Buys ES, Spagnolli E, Steinbicker AU, Hayton SR, Rauwerdink KM, Brouckaert P, Zapol WM, Bloch KD. Soluble guanylate cyclase-α1 is required for the cardioprotective effects of inhaled nitric oxide. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 300:H1477-83. [PMID: 21257915 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00948.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion injury limits the benefits of revascularization in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). Breathing nitric oxide (NO) reduces cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in animal models; however, the signaling pathways by which inhaled NO confers cardioprotection remain uncertain. The objective of this study was to learn whether inhaled NO reduces cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating the cGMP-generating enzyme, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and to investigate whether bone marrow (BM)-derived cells participate in the sGC-mediated cardioprotective effects of inhaled NO. Wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in the sGC α(1)-subunit (sGCα(1)(-/-) mice) were subjected to cardiac ischemia for 1 h, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. During ischemia and for the first 10 min of reperfusion, mice were ventilated with oxygen or with oxygen supplemented with NO (80 parts per million). The ratio of MI size to area at risk (MI/AAR) did not differ in WT and sGCα(1)(-/-) mice that did not breathe NO. Breathing NO decreased MI/AAR in WT mice (41%, P = 0.002) but not in sGCα(1)(-/-) mice (7%, P = not significant). BM transplantation was performed to restore WT BM-derived cells to sGCα(1)(-/-) mice. Breathing NO decreased MI/AAR in sGCα(1)(-/-) mice carrying WT BM (39%, P = 0.031). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that a global deficiency of sGCα(1) does not alter the degree of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. The cardioprotective effects of inhaled NO require the presence of sGCα(1). Moreover, our studies suggest that BM-derived cells are key mediators of the ability of NO to reduce cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Nagasaka
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, USA.
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Muscari C, Capanni C, Giordano E, Stefanelli C, Bonavita F, Stanic I, Bonafè F, Caldarera CM, Guarnieri C. Leupeptin Preserves Cardiac Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 During Reperfusion Following Long-Term Cardioplegia. J Surg Res 2010; 164:e27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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