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Mota L, Zhu M, Li J, Contreras M, Aridi T, Tomeo JN, Stafford A, Mooney DJ, Pradhan-Nabzdyk L, Ferran C, LoGerfo FW, Liang P. Perivascular CLICK-gelatin delivery of thrombospondin-2 small interfering RNA decreases development of intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23321. [PMID: 38031974 PMCID: PMC10726962 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301359r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Bypass graft failure occurs in 20%-50% of coronary and lower extremity bypasses within the first-year due to intimal hyperplasia (IH). TSP-2 is a key regulatory protein that has been implicated in the development of IH following vessel injury. In this study, we developed a biodegradable CLICK-chemistry gelatin-based hydrogel to achieve sustained perivascular delivery of TSP-2 siRNA to rat carotid arteries following endothelial denudation injury. At 21 days, perivascular application of TSP-2 siRNA embedded hydrogels significantly downregulated TSP-2 gene expression, cellular proliferation, as well as other associated mediators of IH including MMP-9 and VEGF-R2, ultimately resulting in a significant decrease in IH. Our data illustrates the ability of perivascular CLICK-gelatin delivery of TSP-2 siRNA to mitigate IH following arterial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Mota
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Max Zhu
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Jennifer Li
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Mauricio Contreras
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Tarek Aridi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - John N. Tomeo
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Alexander Stafford
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Leena Pradhan-Nabzdyk
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
- The Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Frank W. LoGerfo
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Patric Liang
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA
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2
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Pullamsetti SS, Sitapara R, Osterhout R, Weiss A, Carter LL, Zisman LS, Schermuly RT. Pharmacology and Rationale for Seralutinib in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12653. [PMID: 37628831 PMCID: PMC10454154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disorder characterized by vascular remodeling and a consequent increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. The histologic hallmarks of PAH include plexiform and neointimal lesions of the pulmonary arterioles, which are composed of dysregulated, apoptosis-resistant endothelial cells and myofibroblasts. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) α and β, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), and mast/stem cell growth factor receptor kit (c-KIT) are closely related kinases that have been implicated in PAH progression. In addition, emerging data indicate significant crosstalk between PDGF signaling and the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2)/transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor axis. This review will discuss the importance of the PDGFR-CSF1R-c-KIT signaling network in PAH pathogenesis, present evidence that the inhibition of all three nodes in this kinase network is a potential therapeutic approach for PAH, and highlight the therapeutic potential of seralutinib, currently in development for PAH, which targets these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Lung Vascular Epigenetics, Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Aulweg 132, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | | | | | - Astrid Weiss
- UGMLC Pulmonale Pharmakotherapie, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Seltersberg (BFS), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | | | | | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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3
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Shi C, Zhang K, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Xu H, Wei W. Correlation between stem cell molecular phenotype and atherosclerotic plaque neointima formation and analysis of stem cell signal pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1080563. [PMID: 36711040 PMCID: PMC9877345 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1080563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular stem cells exist in the three-layer structure of blood vessel walls and play an indispensable role in angiogenesis under physiological conditions and vascular remodeling under pathological conditions. Vascular stem cells are mostly quiescent, but can be activated in response to injury and participate in endothelial repair and neointima formation. Extensive studies have demonstrated the differentiation potential of stem/progenitor cells to repair endothelium and participate in neointima formation during vascular remodeling. The stem cell population has markers on the surface of the cells that can be used to identify this cell population. The main positive markers include Stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1), Sry-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10). Stromal cell antigen 1 (Stro-1) and Stem cell growth factor receptor kit (c-kit) are still controversial. Different parts of the vessel have different stem cell populations and multiple markers. In this review, we trace the role of vascular stem/progenitor cells in the progression of atherosclerosis and neointima formation, focusing on the expression of stem cell molecular markers that occur during neointima formation and vascular repair, as well as the molecular phenotypic changes that occur during differentiation of different stem cell types. To explore the correlation between stem cell molecular markers and atherosclerotic diseases and neointima formation, summarize the differential changes of molecular phenotype during the differentiation of stem cells into smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, and further analyze the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of stem cells expressing different positive markers participating in intima formation and vascular repair. Summarizing the limitations of stem cells in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic diseases and the pressing issues that need to be addressed, we provide a feasible scheme for studying the signaling pathways of vascular stem cells involved in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Shi
- Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kefan Zhang
- Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haozhe Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Division of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Wei Wei,
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4
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Rossignol P, Duarte K, Bresso E, A Å, Devignes MD, Eriksson N, Girerd N, Glerup R, Jardine AG, Holdaas H, Lamiral Z, Leroy C, Massy Z, März W, Krämer B, Wu PH, Schmieder R, Soveri I, Christensen JH, Svensson M, Zannad F, Fellström B. NT-proBNP and stem cell factor plasma concentrations are independently associated with cardiovascular outcomes in end-stage renal disease hemodialysis patients. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2022; 2:oeac069. [PMID: 36600882 PMCID: PMC9797490 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aims End-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated by chronic hemodialysis (HD) is associated with poor cardiovascular (CV) outcomes, with no available evidence-based therapeutics. A multiplexed proteomic approach may identify new pathophysiological pathways associated with CV outcomes, potentially actionable for precision medicine. Methods and results The AURORA trial was an international, multicentre, randomized, double-blind trial involving 2776 patients undergoing maintenance HD. Rosuvastatin vs. placebo had no significant effect on the composite primary endpoint of death from CV causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal stroke. We first compared CV risk-matched cases and controls (n = 410) to identify novel biomarkers using a multiplex proximity extension immunoassay (276 proteomic biomarkers assessed with OlinkTM). We replicated our findings in 200 unmatched cases and 200 controls. External validation was conducted from a multicentre real-life Danish cohort [Aarhus-Aalborg (AA), n = 331 patients] in which 92 OlinkTM biomarkers were assessed. In AURORA, only N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP, positive association) and stem cell factor (SCF) (negative association) were found consistently associated with the trial's primary outcome across exploration and replication phases, independently from the baseline characteristics. Stem cell factor displayed a lower added predictive ability compared with NT-ProBNP. In the AA cohort, in multivariable analyses, BNP was found significantly associated with major CV events, while higher SCF was associated with less frequent CV deaths. Conclusions Our findings suggest that NT-proBNP and SCF may help identify ESRD patients with respectively high and low CV risk, beyond classical clinical predictors and also point at novel pathways for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rossignol
- Corresponding author. Tel: +33383157322, Fax: +33383157324,
| | - K Duarte
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques- 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, 4, rue du Morvan, 54500 Nancy, France
| | - E Bresso
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques- 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, 4, rue du Morvan, 54500 Nancy, France,LORIA (CNRS, Inria NGE, Université de Lorraine), F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Åsberg A
- Department of Transplantation Medicine Oslo University Hospital–Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,Norway and Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M D Devignes
- LORIA (CNRS, Inria NGE, Université de Lorraine), F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - N Eriksson
- UCR Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala Science Park, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N Girerd
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques- 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, 4, rue du Morvan, 54500 Nancy, France
| | - R Glerup
- Department of Nephrology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - A G Jardine
- Renal Research Group, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Z Lamiral
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques- 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, 4, rue du Morvan, 54500 Nancy, France
| | - C Leroy
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques- 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, 4, rue du Morvan, 54500 Nancy, France
| | - Z Massy
- CESP, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, University Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Villejuif, France,Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, APHP, Boulogne, Billancourt and FCRIN INI-CRCT, Paris, France
| | - W März
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany,SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany
| | - B Krämer
- Medical Clinic V, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - P H Wu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - R Schmieder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - I Soveri
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J H Christensen
- Department of Nephrology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M Svensson
- Department of Nephrology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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5
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Tsuji-Tamura K, Tamura M. Basic fibroblast growth factor uniquely stimulates quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells and induces proliferation and dedifferentiation. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1686-1699. [PMID: 35363891 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels normally remain stable over the long-term. However, in atherosclerosis, vascular cells leave the quiescent state and enter an activated state. Here, we investigated the factors that trigger breakage of the quiescent state by screening growth factors and cytokines using a vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) line and an endothelial cell (EC) line. Despite known functions of the tested factors, only basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was identified as a potent trigger of quiescence breakage in SMCs, but not ECs. bFGF disrupted tight SMC-monolayers, and caused morphological changes, proliferation and dedifferentiation. Human primary SMCs, but not ECs, also showed similar results. Aberrant SMC-proliferation is a critical histological event in atherosclerosis. We thus provide further insights into the role of bFGF in vascular pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Tsuji-Tamura
- Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Masato Tamura
- Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
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6
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Lee E, de Paula MN, Baek S, Ta HKK, Nguyen MT, Jeong TH, Kim CJ, Jang YJ, Choe H. Novel Bacterial Production of Two Different Bioactive Forms of Human Stem-Cell Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126361. [PMID: 34198626 PMCID: PMC8232154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human stem-cell factor (hSCF) stimulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic cells by binding to the c-Kit receptor. Various applications of hSCF require the efficient and reliable production of hSCF. hSCF exists in three forms: as two membrane-spanning proteins hSCF248 and hSCF229 and truncated soluble N-terminal protein hSCF164. hSCF164 is known to be insoluble when expressed in Escherichia coli cytoplasm, requiring a complex refolding procedure. The activity of hSCF248 has never been studied. Here, we investigated novel production methods for recombinant hSCF164 and hSCF248 without the refolding process. To increase the solubility of hSCF164, maltose-binding protein (MBP) and protein disulfide isomerase b’a’ domain (PDIb’a’) tags were attached to the N-terminus of hSCF164. These fusion proteins were overexpressed in soluble form in the Origami 2(DE3) E. coli strain. These solubilization effects were enhanced at a low temperature. His-hSCF248, the poly-His tagged form of hSCF248, was expressed in a highly soluble form without a solubilization tag protein, which was unexpected because His-hSCF248 contains a transmembrane domain. hSCF164 was purified using affinity and ion-exchange chromatography, and His-hSCF248 was purified by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The purified proteins stimulated the proliferation of TF-1 cells. Interestingly, the EC50 value of His-hSCF248 was 1 pg/mL, 100-fold lower than 9 ng/mL hSCF164. Additionally, His-hSCF248 decreased the doubling time, increased the proportion of S and G2/M stages in the cell cycle, and increased the c-Myc expression at a 1000-fold lower concentration than hSCF164. In conclusion, His-hSCF248 was expressed in a soluble form in E. coli and had stronger activity than hSCF164. The molecular chaperone, MBP, enabled the soluble overexpression of hSCF164.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Physiology, Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (E.L.); (M.N.d.P.); (S.B.); (H.K.K.T.); (M.T.N.); (T.-H.J.); (Y.J.J.)
| | - Michelle Novais de Paula
- Department of Physiology, Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (E.L.); (M.N.d.P.); (S.B.); (H.K.K.T.); (M.T.N.); (T.-H.J.); (Y.J.J.)
| | - Sangki Baek
- Department of Physiology, Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (E.L.); (M.N.d.P.); (S.B.); (H.K.K.T.); (M.T.N.); (T.-H.J.); (Y.J.J.)
| | - Huynh Kim Khanh Ta
- Department of Physiology, Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (E.L.); (M.N.d.P.); (S.B.); (H.K.K.T.); (M.T.N.); (T.-H.J.); (Y.J.J.)
| | - Minh Tan Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (E.L.); (M.N.d.P.); (S.B.); (H.K.K.T.); (M.T.N.); (T.-H.J.); (Y.J.J.)
| | - Taeck-Hyun Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (E.L.); (M.N.d.P.); (S.B.); (H.K.K.T.); (M.T.N.); (T.-H.J.); (Y.J.J.)
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Yeon Jin Jang
- Department of Physiology, Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (E.L.); (M.N.d.P.); (S.B.); (H.K.K.T.); (M.T.N.); (T.-H.J.); (Y.J.J.)
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology, Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (E.L.); (M.N.d.P.); (S.B.); (H.K.K.T.); (M.T.N.); (T.-H.J.); (Y.J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3010-4292; Fax: +82-2-3010-8148
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7
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van der Vorst EPC. c-Kit inhibition: From promising cancer therapy to culprit in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2021; 324:115-116. [PMID: 33824002 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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8
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c-Kit expression in smooth muscle cells reduces atherosclerosis burden in hyperlipidemic mice. Atherosclerosis 2021; 324:133-140. [PMID: 33781566 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity has been historically linked to atherosclerosis. Paradoxically, we recently found that global deficiency in c-Kit function increased atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice. This study aimed to investigate if such unusual atheroprotective phenotype depends upon c-Kit's function in smooth muscle cells (SMC). METHODS We studied atherosclerosis in a SMC-specific conditional knockout mice (KitSMC) and control littermate. Tamoxifen (TAM) and vehicle treated mice were fed high fat diet for 16 weeks before atherosclerosis assessment in the whole aorta using oil red staining. Smooth muscle cells were traced within the aortic sinus of conditional c-Kit tracing mice (KitSMC eYFP) and their control littermates (KitWT eYFP) by immunofluorescent confocal microscopy. We then performed RNA sequencing on primary SMC from c-Kit deficient and control mice, and identified significantly altered genes and pathways as a result of c-Kit deficiency in SMC. RESULTS Atherosclerosis significantly increased in KitSMC mice with respect to control groups. In addition, the loss of c-Kit in SMC increased plaque size and necrotic core area in the aortic sinus of hyperlipidemic mice. Smooth muscle cells from KitSMC eYFP mice were more prone to migrate and express foam cell markers (e.g., Mac2 and MCAM) than those from control littermate animals. RNAseq analysis showed a significant upregulation in genes associated with cell proliferation, migration, lipid metabolism, and inflammation secondary to the loss of Kit function in primary SMCs. CONCLUSIONS Loss of c-Kit increases SMC migration, proliferation, and expression of foam cell markers in atherosclerotic plaques from hyperlipidemic mice.
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9
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Hu A, Shuai Z, Liu J, Huang B, Luo Y, Deng J, Liu J, Yu L, Li L, Xu S. Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents vascular intimal hyperplasia involved by SDF-1α/CXCR4, SCF/c-kit and FKN/CX3CR1 axes in a rat balloon injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:113046. [PMID: 32504784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. is a traditional tonic that has been used for thousands of years, and has positive effects on vascular diseases. Ginsenoside Rg1 (GS-Rg1) is one of the active ingredients of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. and has been shown to have beneficial effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our previously study has found that GS-Rg1 can mobilize bone marrow stem cells and inhibit vascular smooth muscle proliferation and phenotype transformation. However, pharmacological effects and mechanism of GS-Rg1 in inhibiting intimal hyperplasia is still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to investigate whether GS-Rg1 prevented vascular intimal hyperplasia, and the involvement of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)/CXCR4, stem cell factor (SCF)/c-kit and fractalkine (FKN)/CX3CR1 axes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were operated with carotid artery balloon injury. The treatment groups were injected with 4, 8 and 16 mg/kg of GS-Rg1 for 14 days. The degree of intimal hyperplasia was evaluated by histopathological examination. The expression of α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin) and CD133 were detected by double-label immunofluorescence. Serum levels of SDF-1α, SCF and soluble FKN (sFKN) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expressions of SCF, SDF-1α and FKN, as well as the receptors c-kit, CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and CX3C chemokine receptor type 1 (CX3CR1) were detected by immunochemistry. RESULTS GS-Rg1 reduced intimal hyperplasia by evidence of the values of NIA, the ratio of NIA/MA, and the ratio of NIA/IELA and the ratio of NIA/LA, especially in 16 mg/kg group. Furthermore, GS-Rg1 8 mg/kg group and 16 mg/kg group decreased the protein expressions of the SDF-1α/CXCR4, SCF/c-kit and FKN/CX3CR1 axes in neointima, meanwhile GS-Rg1 8 mg/kg group and 16 mg/kg group also attenuated the expressions of SDF-1α, SCF and sFKN in serum. In addition, the expression of α-SMA and CD133 marked smooth muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs) was decreased after GS-Rg1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS GS-Rg1 has a positive effect on inhibiting vascular intimal hyperplasia, and the underlying mechanism is related to inhibitory expression of SDF-1α/CXCR4, SCF/c-kit and FKN/CX3CR1 axes.
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MESH Headings
- Angioplasty, Balloon
- Animals
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/etiology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/prevention & control
- Carotid Artery, Common/drug effects
- Carotid Artery, Common/metabolism
- Carotid Artery, Common/pathology
- Chemokine CX3CL1/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ginsenosides/pharmacology
- Hyperplasia
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Neointima
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cell Factor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China; State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550014, China.
| | - Zhiqin Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China.
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China.
| | - Bo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China.
| | - Yunmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China.
| | - Jiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China.
| | - Limei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China.
| | - Lisheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China.
| | - Shangfu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China.
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10
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Yan W, Li T, Yin T, Hou Z, Qu K, Wang N, Durkan C, Dong L, Qiu J, Gregersen H, Wang G. M2 macrophage-derived exosomes promote the c-KIT phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells during vascular tissue repair after intravascular stent implantation. Theranostics 2020; 10:10712-10728. [PMID: 32929376 PMCID: PMC7482821 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: For intravascular stent implantation to be successful, the processes of vascular tissue repair and therapy are considered to be critical. However, the mechanisms underlying the eventual fate of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during vascular tissue repair remains elusive. In this study, we hypothesized that M2 macrophage-derived exosomes to mediate cell-to-cell crosstalk and induce dedifferentiation phenotypes in VSMCs. Methods: In vivo, 316L bare metal stents (BMS) were implanted from the left iliac artery into the abdominal aorta of 12-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for 7 and 28 days. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) were used to stain the neointimal lesions. En-face immunofluorescence staining of smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) and CD68 showed the rat aorta smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) and macrophages. Immunohistochemical staining of total galactose-specific lectin 3 (MAC-2) and total chitinase 3-like 3 (YM-1) showed the total macrophages and M2 macrophages. In vitro, exosomes derived from IL-4+IL-13-treated macrophages (M2Es) were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized based on their specific morphology. Ki-67 staining was conducted to assess the effects of the M2Es on the proliferation of RASMCs. An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to detect the stiffness of the VSMCs. GW4869 was used to inhibit exosome release. RNA-seq was performed to determine the mRNA profiles of the RASMCs and M2Es-treated RASMCs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was conducted to detect the expression levels of the mRNAs. Western blotting was used to detect the candidate protein expression levels. T-5224 was used to inhibit the DNA binding activity of AP-1 in RASMCs. Results: M2Es promote c-KIT expression and softening of nearby VSMCs, hence accelerating the vascular tissue repair process. VSMCs co-cultured in vitro with M2 macrophages presented an increased capacity for de-differentiation and softening, which was exosome dependent. In addition, the isolated M2Es helped to promote VSMC dedifferentiation and softening. Furthermore, the M2Es enhanced vascular tissue repair potency by upregulation of VSMCs c-KIT expression via activation of the c-Jun/activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling pathway. Conclusions: The findings of this study emphasize the prominent role of M2Es during VSMC dedifferentiation and vascular tissue repair via activation of the c-Jun/AP-1 signaling pathway, which has a profound impact on the therapeutic strategies of coronary stenting techniques.
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He D, Mao A, Zheng CB, Kan H, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Feng L, Ma X. Aortic heterogeneity across segments and under high fat/salt/glucose conditions at the single-cell level. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:881-896. [PMID: 34692110 PMCID: PMC8289085 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aorta, with ascending, arch, thoracic and abdominal segments, responds to the heartbeat, senses metabolites and distributes blood to all parts of the body. However, the heterogeneity across aortic segments and how metabolic pathologies change it are not known. Here, a total of 216 612 individual cells from the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and thoracic and abdominal segments of mouse aortas under normal conditions or with high blood glucose levels, high dietary salt, or high fat intake were profiled using single-cell RNA sequencing. We generated a compendium of 10 distinct cell types, mainly endothelial (EC), smooth muscle (SMC), stromal and immune cells. The distributions of the different cells and their intercommunication were influenced by the hemodynamic microenvironment across anatomical segments, and the spatial heterogeneity of ECs and SMCs may contribute to differential vascular dilation and constriction that were measured by wire myography. Importantly, the composition of aortic cells, their gene expression profiles and their regulatory intercellular networks broadly changed in response to high fat/salt/glucose conditions. Notably, the abdominal aorta showed the most dramatic changes in cellular composition, particularly involving ECs, fibroblasts and myeloid cells with cardiovascular risk factor-related regulons and gene expression networks. Our study elucidates the nature and range of aortic cell diversity, with implications for the treatment of metabolic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu He
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Aiqin Mao
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chang-Bo Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hao Kan
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ka Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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12
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Wu PH, Lin YT, Wu PY, Lee HH, Lee SC, Hung SC, Chen SC, Kuo MC, Chiu YW. Association between Circulation Indole-3-Acetic Acid Levels and Stem Cell Factor in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010124. [PMID: 31906560 PMCID: PMC7019261 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-bound uremic toxin is a cardiovascular (CV) risk factor for patients with end-stage renal disease. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was found to be associated with CV disease but the detailed pathophysiology remains unknown. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades play an important role in the pathogenesis of CV disease. Thus, we explored the association between circulating IAA levels and forty MAPK cascade associated proteins in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Circulating total form IAA was quantified by mass spectrometry and forty MAPK cascade associated proteins by a proximity extension assay in 331 prevalent HD patients. Accounting for multiple testing, and in multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, circulating total form IAA levels were positively associated with stem cell factor (β coefficient 0.13, 95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.21, p = 0.004). A bioinformatics approach using the search tool for interactions of chemicals (STITCH) tool provided information that IAA may be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, hematopoietic cells, and the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. The knowledge gained here can be generalized, thereby impacting the non-traditional CV risk factors in patients with kidney disease. Further in vitro work is necessary to validate the translation of the mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-H.W.); (Y.-T.L.); (P.-Y.W.); (S.-C.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75105, Sweden
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-H.W.); (Y.-T.L.); (P.-Y.W.); (S.-C.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75105, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-H.W.); (Y.-T.L.); (P.-Y.W.); (S.-C.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Hei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Su-Chu Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Szu-Chun Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 23142, Taiwan;
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicines, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (P.-H.W.); (Y.-T.L.); (P.-Y.W.); (S.-C.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Kuo
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7351)
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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13
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Wu TC, Chen JS, Wang CH, Huang PH, Lin FY, Lin LY, Lin SJ, Chen JW. Activation of heme oxygenase-1 by Ginkgo biloba extract differentially modulates endothelial and smooth muscle-like progenitor cells for vascular repair. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17316. [PMID: 31754254 PMCID: PMC6872755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular progenitors such as endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and smooth muscle-like progenitor cells (SMPCs) may play different roles in vascular repair. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is an exogenous activator of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, which has been suggested to improve vascular repair; however, the detailed mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether GBE can modulate different vascular progenitor cells by activating HO-1 for vascular repair. A bone marrow transplantation mouse model was used to evaluate the in vivo effects of GBE treatment on wire-injury induced neointimal hyperplasia, which is representative of impaired vascular repair. On day 14 of GBE treatment, the mice were subjected to wire injury of the femoral artery to identify vascular reendothelialization. Compared to the mice without treatment, neointimal hyperplasia was reduced in the mice that received GBE treatment for 28 days in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, GBE treatment increased bone marrow-derived EPCs, accelerated endothelial recovery, and reduced the number of SMPCs attached to vascular injury sites. The effects of GBE treatment on neointimal hyperplasia could be abolished by co-treatment with zinc protoporphyrin IX, an HO-1 inhibitor, suggesting the in vivo role of HO-1. In this in vitro study, treatment with GBE activated human early and late EPCs and suppressed SMPC migration. These effects were abolished by HO-1 siRNA and an HO-1 inhibitor. Furthermore, GBE induced the expression of HO-1 by activating PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling in human late EPCs and via p38 pathways in SMPCs, suggesting that GBE can induce HO-1 in vitro through different molecular mechanisms in different vascular progenitor cells. Accordingly, GBE could activate early and late EPCs, suppress the migration of SMPCs, and improve in vivo vascular repair after mechanical injury by activating HO-1, suggesting the potential role of pharmacological HO-1 activators, such as GBE, for vascular protection in atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Cheng Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shiong Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yu Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Precision Medicine Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Ni Z, Deng J, Potter CMF, Nowak WN, Gu W, Zhang Z, Chen T, Chen Q, Hu Y, Zhou B, Xu Q, Zhang L. Recipient c-Kit Lineage Cells Repopulate Smooth Muscle Cells of Transplant Arteriosclerosis in Mouse Models. Circ Res 2019; 125:223-241. [PMID: 31079549 PMCID: PMC6615935 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.314855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Transplantation-accelerated arteriosclerosis is one of the major challenges for long-term survival of patients with solid organ transplantation. Although stem/progenitor cells have been implicated to participate in this process, the cells of origin and underlying mechanisms have not been fully defined. Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the role of c-Kit lineage cells in allograft-induced neointima formation and to explore the mechanisms underlying this process. Methods and Results: Using an inducible lineage tracing Kit-CreER;Rosa26-tdTomato mouse model, we observed that c-Kit is expressed in multiple cell types in the blood vessels, rather than a specific stem/progenitor cell marker. We performed allograft transplantation between different donor and recipient mice, as well as bone marrow transplantation experiments, demonstrating that recipient c-Kit+ cells repopulate neointimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and leukocytes, and contribute to neointima formation in an allograft transplantation model. c-Kit–derived SMCs originate from nonbone marrow tissues, whereas bone marrow-derived c-Kit+ cells mainly generate CD45+ leukocytes. However, the exact identity of c-Kit lineage cells contributing to neointimal SMCs remains unclear. ACK2 (anti-c-Kit antibody), which specifically binds and blocks c-Kit function, ameliorates allograft-induced arteriosclerosis. Stem cell factor and TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 levels were significantly increased in blood and neointimal lesions after allograft transplantation, by which stem cell factor facilitated c-Kit+ cell migration through the stem cell factor/c-Kit axis and downstream activation of small GTPases, MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)/ERK (extracellular signal–regulated kinase)/MLC (myosin light chain), and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase)/c-Jun signaling pathways, whereas TGF-β1 induces c-Kit+ cell differentiation into SMCs via HK (hexokinase)-1–dependent metabolic reprogramming and a possible downstream O-GlcNAcylation of myocardin and serum response factor. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that recipient c-Kit lineage cells contribute to vascular remodeling in an allograft transplantation model, in which the stem cell factor/c-Kit axis is responsible for cell migration and HK-1–dependent metabolic reprogramming for SMC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Ni
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Claire M F Potter
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Witold N Nowak
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Wenduo Gu
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (T.C., Q.C., Q.X., L.Z.)
| | - Qishan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (T.C., Q.C., Q.X., L.Z.)
| | - Yanhua Hu
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (B.Z.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (Z.N., J.D., C.M.F.P., W.N.N., W.G., Z.Z., Y.H., Q.X.).,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (T.C., Q.C., Q.X., L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (T.C., Q.C., Q.X., L.Z.)
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15
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Hu A, Huang J, Li S, Gao Y, Wu L, Deng J, Liu J, Gong Q, Li L, Xu S. Involvement of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), stem cell factor (SCF), fractalkine (FKN) and VEGF in TSG protection against intimal hyperplasia in rat balloon injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:887-894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Genetic lineage tracing analysis of c-kit + stem/progenitor cells revealed a contribution to vascular injury-induced neointimal lesions. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 121:277-286. [PMID: 30053526 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.07.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Accumulating evidence indicates the presence of vascular stem/progenitor cells that may play a role in endothelial repair and lesion formation in the injured artery, in which c-kit+ stem/progenitor cells have been reported to differentiate into endothelial and smooth muscle cells in vitro and in ischemic tissue. In this study, we investigated whether and how endogenous c-kit+ stem/progenitor cells contribute to vascular injury and neointima formation in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS We created Kit-CreERxRosa26-RFP mice and performed genetic lineage tracing analysis of c-kit+ stem/progenitor cells in injury-induced neointima formation in vivo. We provide direct evidence that endogenous c-kit+ stem/progenitor cells minimally differentiate into endothelial or smooth muscle cells facilitating vascular repair, but predominantly generate monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes contributing to vascular immuno-inflammatory response to endothelial injury. Although c-kit+ cells reside in both bone marrow and vessel wall, bone marrow transplantation data indicate that bone marrow-derived c-kit+ cells are the main source for enhancing neointima formation. Furthermore, treatment of ACK2, a c-kit receptor antagonizer, attenuates neointimal hyperplasia after injury at least in part by depleting c-kit+ cells and their generated progeny. CONCLUSIONS c-kit+ stem/progenitor cells are not a main source for endothelial regeneration and smooth muscle accumulation of the large artery injury, but a plausible interventional approach to reduce vascular immuno-inflammatory response and subsequently to ameliorate vascular lesions.
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17
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Hyperglycemia does not affect tissue repair responses in shear stress-induced atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/- mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7530. [PMID: 29760458 PMCID: PMC5951920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for macrovascular complications in diabetes remain to be fully understood. Recent studies have identified impaired vascular repair as a possible cause of plaque vulnerability in diabetes. This notion is supported by observations of a reduced content of fibrous proteins and smooth muscle cell mitogens in carotid endarterectomy from diabetic patients along with findings of decreased circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells. In the present study we used a diabetic mouse model to characterize how hyperglycemia affects arterial repair responses. We induced atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-deficient (ApoE−/−) and heterozygous glucokinase knockout ApoE-deficient mice (ApoE−/− GK+/−) mice with a shear stress-modifying cast. There were no differences in cholesterol or triglyceride levels between the ApoE−/− and ApoE−/− GK+/− mice. Hyperglycemia did not affect the size of the formed atherosclerotic plaques, and no effects were seen on activation of cell proliferation, smooth muscle cell content or on the expression and localization of collagen, elastin and several other extracellular matrix proteins. The present study demonstrates that hyperglycemia per se has no significant effects on tissue repair processes in injured mouse carotid arteries, suggesting that other mechanisms are involved in diabetic plaque vulnerability.
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18
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Afonyushkin T, Oskolkova OV, Bochkov VN. Oxidized phospholipids stimulate production of stem cell factor via NRF2-dependent mechanisms. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:229-236. [PMID: 29330760 PMCID: PMC5878191 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit and its ligand stem cell factor (SCF) regulate resident vascular wall cells and recruit circulating progenitors. We tested whether SCF may be induced by oxidized palmitoyl-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine (OxPAPC) known to accumulate in atherosclerotic vessels. Gene expression analysis demonstrated OxPAPC-induced upregulation of SCF mRNA and protein in different types of endothelial cells (ECs). Elevated levels of SCF mRNA were observed in aortas of ApoE-/- knockout mice. ECs produced biologically active SCF because conditioned medium from OxPAPC-treated cells stimulated activation (phosphorylation) of c-Kit in naïve ECs. Induction of SCF by OxPAPC was inhibited by knocking down transcription factor NRF2. Inhibition or stimulation of NRF2 by pharmacological or molecular tools induced corresponding changes in SCF expression. Finally, we observed decreased levels of SCF mRNA in aortas of NRF2 knockout mice. We characterize OxPLs as a novel pathology-associated stimulus inducing expression of SCF in endothelial cells. Furthermore, our data point to transcription factor NRF2 as a major mediator of OxPL-induced upregulation of SCF. This mechanism may represent one of the facets of pleiotropic action of NRF2 in vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Afonyushkin
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT 25-3, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olga V Oskolkova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valery N Bochkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Zhong HL, Xu CL, Chen GS, Chen XM. Plasma SCF/c-kit Levels in Patients with Dipper and Non-Dipper Hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 32:232-238. [PMID: 29301598 DOI: 10.24920/j1001-9294.2017.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between peripheral plasma stem cell factor (SCF)/c-kit levels and the types of dipper and non-dipper hypertension in hypertensive patients. Methods This cross-sectional study included newly diagnosed hypertensive patients who underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor (ABPM) between January 2009 and 2012 in Jiangning city. Patients were divided into the dipper group and the non-dipper group according to ABPM measurements. The levels of SCF and its receptor c-kit, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in peripheral blood were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The serum levels of glucose and lipid were examined as well. The levels of SCF/c-kit were compared between the dippers and the non-dippers; and their correlation with 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure (MSBP), 24-hour mean diastolic blood pressure (MDBP), TNF-α and IL-6 were investigated using linear regression analyses statistically. Results A total of 247 patients with newly diagnosed hypertension were recruited into the study, including 116 non-dippers and 131 dippers. The levels of peripheral plasma SCF were higher in non-dipper group (907.1±52.7 ng/L vs. 778.7±44.6 ng/L; t=2.837, P<0.01), and the levels of c-kit were higher in non-dipper group too (13.2±1.7 μg/L vs 9.57±1.4 μg/L; t=2.831, P<0.01). Linear regression analysis revealed that SCF/c-kit levels were significantly positively correlated with MSBP, MDBP, plasma TNF-α, and IL-6 levels (all P<0.01). Conclusions Peripheral plasma SCF/c-kit levels are higher in patients with non-dipper hypertension than those with dipper one, and significantly correlate with 24-hour MSBP, 24-hour MDBP, serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lan Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Chong-Li Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Guang-Sheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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20
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Li X, He X, Yin Y, Wu R, Tian B, Chen F. Administration of signalling molecules dictates stem cell homing for in situ regeneration. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3162-3177. [PMID: 28767189 PMCID: PMC5706509 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo-expanded stem cells have long been a cornerstone of biotherapeutics and have attracted increasing attention for treating intractable diseases and improving tissue regeneration. However, using exogenous cellular materials to develop restorative treatments for large numbers of patients has become a major concern for both economic and safety reasons. Advances in cell biological research over the past two decades have expanded the potential for using endogenous stem cells during wound healing processes, and in particular, recent insight into stem cell movement and homing has prompted regenerative research and therapy based on recruiting endogenous cells. Inspired by the natural healing process, artificial administration of specific chemokines as signals systemically or at the injury site, typically using biomaterials as vehicles, is a state-of-the-art strategy that potentiates stem cell homing and recreates an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory microenvironment to enhance in situ tissue regeneration. However, pharmacologically coaxing endogenous stem cells to act as therapeutics in the field of biomedicine remains in the early stages; its efficacy is limited by the lack of innovative methodologies for chemokine presentation and release. This review describes how to direct the homing of endogenous stem cells via the administration of specific signals, with a particular emphasis on targeted signalling molecules that regulate this homing process, to enhance in situ tissue regeneration. We also provide an outlook on and critical considerations for future investigations to enhance stem cell recruitment and harness the reparative potential of these recruited cells as a clinically relevant cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xiao‐Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Rui‐Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Bei‐Min Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Fa‐Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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21
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Björkbacka H, Yao Mattisson I, Wigren M, Melander O, Fredrikson GN, Bengtsson E, Gonçalves I, Almgren P, Lagerstedt JO, Orho-Melander M, Engström G, Nilsson J. Plasma stem cell factor levels are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease and death. J Intern Med 2017; 282:508-521. [PMID: 28842933 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stem cell factor (SCF) is a key growth factor for several types of stem and progenitor cells. There is experimental evidence that such cells are of importance for maintaining the integrity of the cardiovascular system. We investigated the association between circulating levels of SCF and risk for development of cardiovascular events and death. METHODS SCF was analysed by the proximity extension assay technique in plasma from 4742 subjects participating in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Cardiovascular events and death were monitored through national registers with a mean follow-up time of 19.2 years. RESULTS Subjects with high baseline levels of SCF had lower cardiovascular (n = 340) and all-cause mortality (n = 1159) as well as a lower risk of heart failure (n = 177), stroke (n = 318) and myocardial infarction (n = 452). Smoking, diabetes and high alcohol consumption were associated with lower levels of SCF. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene region encoding PDX1 C-terminal inhibiting factor 1 (PCIF1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were associated with plasma SCF levels. The highest SCF quartile remained independently associated with a lower risk of a lower risk of cardiovascular [hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval 0.59 (0.43-0.81)] and all-cause mortality [0.68 (0.57-0.81)], heart failure [0.50 (0.31-0.80)] and stroke [0.66 (0.47-0.92)], but not with MI [0.96 (0.72-1.27)] as compared with the lowest quartile when adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors in Cox proportional hazard regression models. CONCLUSIONS This prospective population-based study demonstrates that subjects with high levels of SCF have a lower risk of cardiovascular events and death. The findings provide clinical support for a protective role of SCF in maintaining cardiovascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - I Yao Mattisson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Wigren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - O Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - G N Fredrikson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - I Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology - Coronary diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P Almgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J O Lagerstedt
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - G Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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22
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Kikuchi S, Chen L, Xiong K, Saito Y, Azuma N, Tang G, Sobel M, Wight TN, Kenagy RD. Smooth muscle cells of human veins show an increased response to injury at valve sites. J Vasc Surg 2017. [PMID: 28647196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.03.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Venous valves are essential but are prone to injury, thrombosis, and fibrosis. We compared the behavior and gene expression of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the valve sinus vs nonvalve sites to elucidate biologic differences associated with vein valves. METHODS Tissue explants of fresh human saphenous veins were prepared, and the migration of SMCs from explants of valve sinus vs nonvalve sinus areas was measured. Proliferation and death of SMCs were determined by staining for Ki67 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. Proliferation and migration of passaged valve vs nonvalve SMCs were determined by cell counts and using microchemotaxis chambers. Global gene expression in valve vs nonvalve intima-media was determined by RNA sequencing. RESULTS Valve SMCs demonstrated greater proliferation in tissue explants compared with nonvalve SMCs (19.3% ± 5.4% vs 6.8% ± 2.0% Ki67-positive nuclei at 4 days, respectively; mean ± standard error of the mean, five veins; P < .05). This was also true for migration (18.2 ± 2.7 vs 7.5 ± 3.0 migrated SMCs/explant at 6 days, respectively; 24 veins, 15 explants/vein; P < .0001). Cell death was not different (39.6% ± 16.1% vs 41.5% ± 16.0% terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells, respectively, at 4 days, five veins). Cultured valve SMCs also proliferated faster than nonvalve SMCs in response to platelet-derived growth factor subunit BB (2.9 ± 0.2-fold vs 2.1 ± 0.2-fold of control, respectively; P < .001; n = 5 pairs of cells). This was also true for migration (6.5 ± 1.2-fold vs 4.4 ± 0.8-fold of control, respectively; P < .001; n = 7 pairs of cells). Blockade of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) inhibited the increased responses of valve SMCs but had no effect on nonvalve SMCs. Exogenous FGF2 increased migration of valve but not of nonvalve SMCs. Unlike in the isolated, cultured cells, blockade of FGF2 in the tissue explants did not block migration of valve or nonvalve SMCs from the explants. Thirty-seven genes were differentially expressed by valve compared with nonvalve intimal-medial tissue (11 veins). Peptide-mediated inhibition of SEMA3A, one of the differentially expressed genes, increased the number of migrated SMCs of valve but not of nonvalve explants. CONCLUSIONS Valve compared with nonvalve SMCs have greater rates of migration and proliferation, which may in part explain the propensity for pathologic lesion formation in valves. Whereas FGF2 mediates these effects in cultured SMCs, the mediators of these stimulatory effects in the valve wall tissue remain unclear but may be among the differentially expressed genes discovered in this study. One of these genes, SEMA3A, mediates a valve-specific inhibitory effect on the injury response of valve SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Kikuchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Kevin Xiong
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Yukihiro Saito
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Azuma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Gale Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Michael Sobel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Richard D Kenagy
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
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23
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Song L, Martinez L, Zigmond ZM, Hernandez DR, Lassance-Soares RM, Selman G, Vazquez-Padron RI. c-Kit modifies the inflammatory status of smooth muscle cells. PeerJ 2017. [PMID: 28626608 PMCID: PMC5472039 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-Kit is a receptor tyrosine kinase present in multiple cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). However, little is known about how c-Kit influences SMC biology and vascular pathogenesis. METHODS High-throughput microarray assays and in silico pathway analysis were used to identify differentially expressed genes between primary c-Kit deficient (KitW/W-v) and control (Kit+/+) SMC. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and functional assays further confirmed the differences in gene expression and pro-inflammatory pathway regulation between both SMC populations. RESULTS The microarray analysis revealed elevated NF-κB gene expression secondary to the loss of c-Kit that affects both the canonical and alternative NF-κB pathways. Upon stimulation with an oxidized phospholipid as pro-inflammatory agent, c-Kit deficient SMC displayed enhanced NF-κB transcriptional activity, higher phosphorylated/total p65 ratio, and increased protein expression of NF-κB regulated pro-inflammatory mediators with respect to cells from control mice. The pro-inflammatory phenotype of mutant cells was ameliorated after restoring c-Kit activity using lentiviral transduction. Functional assays further demonstrated that c-Kit suppresses NF-κB activity in SMC in a TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and Nemo-like kinase (NLK) dependent manner. DISCUSSION Our study suggests a novel mechanism by which c-Kit suppresses NF-κB regulated pathways in SMC to prevent their pro-inflammatory transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Zachary M Zigmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Diana R Hernandez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Roberta M Lassance-Soares
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Guillermo Selman
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
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24
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Li X, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Cui Y, Yeung SC, Ip MSM, Tse HF, Lian Q, Mak JCW. iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells exert SCF-dependent recovery of cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis/proliferation imbalance in airway cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:265-277. [PMID: 27641240 PMCID: PMC5264148 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a potential cell‐based therapy for pulmonary emphysema in animal models. Our previous study demonstrated that human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived MSCs (iPSC‐MSCs) were superior over bone marrow–derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs) in attenuating cigarette smoke (CS)‐induced airspace enlargement possibly through mitochondrial transfer. This study further investigated the effects of iPSC‐MSCs on inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation in a CS‐exposed rat model and examined the effects of the secreted paracrine factor from MSCs as another possible mechanism in an in vitro model of bronchial epithelial cells. Rats were exposed to 4% CS for 1 hr daily for 56 days. At days 29 and 43, human iPSC‐MSCs or BM‐MSCs were administered intravenously. We observed significant attenuation of CS‐induced elevation of circulating 8‐isoprostane and cytokine‐induced neutrophil chemoattractant‐1 after iPSC‐MSC treatment. In line, a superior capacity of iPSC‐MSCs was also observed in ameliorating CS‐induced infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils and apoptosis/proliferation imbalance in lung sections over BM‐MSCs. In support, the conditioned medium (CdM) from iPSC‐MSCs ameliorated CS medium‐induced apoptosis/proliferation imbalance of bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Conditioned medium from iPSC‐MSCs contained higher level of stem cell factor (SCF) than that from BM‐MSCs. Deprivation of SCF from iPSC‐MSC‐derived CdM led to a reduction in anti‐apoptotic and pro‐proliferative capacity. Taken together, our data suggest that iPSC‐MSCs may possess anti‐apoptotic/pro‐proliferative capacity in the in vivo and in vitro models of CS‐induced airway cell injury partly through paracrine secretion of SCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yingmin Liang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuting Cui
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sze C Yeung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mary S M Ip
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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25
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Antagonism of stem cell factor/c-kit signaling attenuates neonatal chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:637-46. [PMID: 26705118 PMCID: PMC4837030 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that c-kit-positive cells are present in the remodeled pulmonary vasculature bed of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Whether stem cell factor (SCF)/c-kit-regulated pathways potentiate pulmonary vascular remodeling is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that attenuated c-kit signaling would decrease chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling by decreasing pulmonary vascular cell mitogenesis. METHODS Neonatal FVB/NJ mice treated with nonimmune IgG (placebo), or c-kit neutralizing antibody (ACK2) as well as c-kit mutant mice (WBB6F1-Kit(W-v/+)) and their congenic controls, were exposed to normoxia (FiO2 = 0.21) or hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.12) for 2 wk. Following this exposure, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), pulmonary vascular cell proliferation, and remodeling were evaluated. RESULTS As compared to chronically hypoxic controls, c-kit mutant mice had decreased RVSP, RVH, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and proliferation. Consistent with these findings, administration of ACK2 to neonatal mice with chronic hypoxia-induced PH decreased RVSP, RVH, pulmonary vascular cell proliferation, and remodeling. This attenuation in PH was accompanied by decreased extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation. CONCLUSION SCF/c-kit signaling may potentiate chronic hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling by modulating ERK activation. Inhibition of c-kit activity may be a potential strategy to alleviate PH.
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26
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Wigren M, Rattik S, Hultman K, Björkbacka H, Nordin-Fredrikson G, Bengtsson E, Hedblad B, Siegbahn A, Gonçalves I, Nilsson J. Decreased levels of stem cell factor in subjects with incident coronary events. J Intern Med 2016; 279:180-91. [PMID: 26467529 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proposed that vascular progenitor cells play an important role in vascular repair, but their possible clinical importance in cardiovascular disease has not been fully characterized. Vascular endothelial growth factor A, placental growth factor and stem cell factor (SCF) are three growth factors that are important in recruiting vascular progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated the association between the plasma levels of these growth factors and incident coronary events (CEs). METHODS Levels of the three growth factors were measured using the proximity extension assay technique in baseline plasma samples from 384 subjects with a first CE (mean follow-up 14.0 ± 4.3 years) and 409 event-free control subjects matched by sex and age, as well as in homogenates from 201 endarterectomy specimens. RESULTS After controlling for known cardiovascular disease risk factors in a Cox regression model, subjects in the lowest SCF tertile had a hazard ratio of 1.70 (95% confidence interval 1.14-2.54) compared with subjects in the highest SCF tertile. Lower SCF levels were also associated with more severe carotid disease, less fibrous atherosclerotic plaques and an increased incidence of heart failure. Expression of the SCF receptor c-kit was demonstrated in the subendothelial layer and fibrous cap of human atherosclerotic plaques. Smokers and subjects with diabetes had decreased levels of SCF compared with control subjects. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first clinical study to provide evidence to support a key role for SCF and progenitor cells in vascular repair. We suggest that the SCF-c-kit pathway may be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wigren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
| | - S Rattik
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
| | - K Hultman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
| | - H Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
| | - G Nordin-Fredrikson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
| | - E Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
| | - B Hedblad
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
| | - A Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology - Coronary Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
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27
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Zhao X, Kuang D, Duan Y, Xiao G, Ni J, Duan Y, Wang G. Hyperhomocysteinemia regulated SCF expression in cultured cardiomyocytes via modulation of NF-κB activities. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 405:197-203. [PMID: 25896131 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an important, independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, especially for the myocardial infarction. Our previous study has shown that myocardial stem cell factor (SCF) mediated cardiac stem cells migration, which was involved in cardiac repair. However, it is not clear regarding the action of HHcy on the expression of SCF in cardiomyocytes. In the present study, cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with 20, 50, or 100 μM homocysteine (Hcy) for 5 h. Results showed an significantly increase of SCF expression with 20-50 μM Hcy incubation, which matched with elevated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activities. Treatment with NF-κB inhibitor N-acetylcysteine significantly inhibited the increase of SCF. Nevertheless, 100 μM Hcy markedly decreased the expression of SCF, which was in accordance with the suppression of NF-κB activities. The present study indicated that HHcy regulated the expression of SCF in a concentration-dependent manner via modulation of NF-κB activities. Thus, HHcy may increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases not only by causing endothelial dysfunction but also by directly exerting detrimental effects on cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Da Dao, Wuhan, 430030, China,
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28
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Choe N, Kwon JS, Kim YS, Eom GH, Ahn YK, Baik YH, Park HY, Kook H. The microRNA miR-34c inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia by targeting stem cell factor. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1056-65. [PMID: 25683915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The fine balance between proliferation and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is indispensable for the maintenance of healthy blood vessels, whereas an increase in proliferation participates in pathologic cardiovascular events such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. Here we report that microRNA-34c (miR-34c) targets stem cell factor (SCF) to inhibit VSMC proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia. In an animal model, miR-34c was significantly increased in the rat carotid artery after catheter injury. Transient transfection of miR-34c to either VSMCs or A10 cells inhibited cell survival by inducing apoptosis, which was accompanied by an increase in expression of p21, p27, and Bax. Transfection of miR-34c also attenuated VSMC migration. Bioinformatics showed that SCF is a target candidate of miR-34c. miR-34c down-regulated luciferase activity driven by a vector containing the 3'-untranslated region of SCF in a sequence-specific manner. Forced expression of SCF in A10 cells induced proliferation and migration, whereas knocking-down of SCF reduced cell survival and migration. miR-34c antagomir-induced VSMC proliferation was blocked by SCF siRNA. Delivery of miR-34c to rat carotid artery attenuated the expression of SCF and blocked neointimal hyperplasia. These results suggest that miR-34c is a new modulator of VSMC proliferation and that it inhibits neointima formation by regulating SCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakwon Choe
- Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Kwon
- Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sook Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Eom
- Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Keun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hong Baik
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Namwon 590-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Disease, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea.
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Skartsis N, Martinez L, Duque JC, Tabbara M, Velazquez OC, Asif A, Andreopoulos F, Salman LH, Vazquez-Padron RI. c-Kit signaling determines neointimal hyperplasia in arteriovenous fistulae. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1095-104. [PMID: 25186298 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00292.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenosis of arteriovenous (A-V) fistulae secondary to neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) compromises dialysis delivery, which worsens patients' quality of life and increases medical costs associated with the maintenance of vascular accesses. In the present study, we evaluated the role of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit in A-V fistula neointima formation. Initially, c-Kit was found in the neointima and adventitia of human brachiobasilic fistulae, whereas it was barely detectable in control veins harvested at the time of access creation. Using the rat A-V fistula model to study venous vascular remodeling, we analyzed the spatial and temporal pattern of c-Kit expression in the fistula wall. Interestingly, c-Kit immunoreactivity increased with time after anastomosis, which concurred with the accumulation of cells in the venous intima. In addition, c-Kit expression in A-V fistulae was positively altered by chronic kidney failure conditions. Both blockade of c-Kit with imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) and inhibition of stem cell factor production with a specific short hairpin RNA prevented NIH in the outflow vein of experimental fistulae. In agreement with these data, impaired c-Kit activity compromised the development of NIH in A-V fistulae created in c-KitW/Wv mutant mice. These results suggest that targeting of the c-Kit signaling pathway may be an effective approach to prevent postoperative NIH in A-V fistulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Skartsis
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Laisel Martinez
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan Camilo Duque
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Marwan Tabbara
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Omaida C Velazquez
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Arif Asif
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Fotios Andreopoulos
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida; and
| | - Loay H Salman
- Interventional Nephrology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida;
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Olgasi C, Dentelli P, Rosso A, Iavello A, Togliatto G, Toto V, Liberatore M, Barutello G, Musiani P, Cavallo F, Brizzi MF. DNA vaccination against membrane-bound Kit ligand: a new approach to inhibiting tumour growth and angiogenesis. Eur J Cancer 2013; 50:234-46. [PMID: 24144734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A functional c-Kit/Kit ligand (KitL) signalling network is required for tumour angiogenesis and growth, and therefore the c-Kit/KitL system might well be a suitable target for the cancer immunotherapy approach. We herein describe a strategy that targets membrane-bound KitL (mbKitL) via DNA vaccination. The vaccination procedure generated antibodies which are able to detect mbKitL on human tumour endothelial cells (TECs) and on the breast cancer cell line: TSA. DNA vaccination, interferes with tumour vessel formation and transplanted tumour growth in vivo. Histological analysis demonstrates that, while tumour cell proliferation and vessel stabilisation are impaired, vessel permeability is increased in mice that produce mbKitL-targeting antibodies. We also demonstrate that vessel stabilisation and tumour growth require Akt activation in endothelial cells but not in pericytes. Moreover, we found that regulatory T cells (Treg) and tumour infiltrating inflammatory cells, involved in tumour growth and angiogenesis, were reduced in number in the tumour microenvironment of mice that generate anti-mbKitL antibodies. These data provide evidence that mbKitL targeted vaccination is an effective means of inhibiting tumour angiogenesis and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arturo Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Valentina Toto
- Aging Research Centre, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Piero Musiani
- Aging Research Centre, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Lennartsson J, Rönnstrand L. Stem Cell Factor Receptor/c-Kit: From Basic Science to Clinical Implications. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:1619-49. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00046.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF) is a dimeric molecule that exerts its biological functions by binding to and activating the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit. Activation of c-Kit leads to its autophosphorylation and initiation of signal transduction. Signaling proteins are recruited to activated c-Kit by certain interaction domains (e.g., SH2 and PTB) that specifically bind to phosphorylated tyrosine residues in the intracellular region of c-Kit. Activation of c-Kit signaling has been found to mediate cell survival, migration, and proliferation depending on the cell type. Signaling from c-Kit is crucial for normal hematopoiesis, pigmentation, fertility, gut movement, and some aspects of the nervous system. Deregulated c-Kit kinase activity has been found in a number of pathological conditions, including cancer and allergy. The observation that gain-of-function mutations in c-Kit can promote tumor formation and progression has stimulated the development of therapeutics agents targeting this receptor, e.g., the clinically used inhibitor imatinib mesylate. Also other clinically used multiselective kinase inhibitors, for instance, sorafenib and sunitinib, have c-Kit included in their range of targets. Furthermore, loss-of-function mutations in c-Kit have been observed and shown to give rise to a condition called piebaldism. This review provides a summary of our current knowledge regarding structural and functional aspects of c-Kit signaling both under normal and pathological conditions, as well as advances in the development of low-molecular-weight molecules inhibiting c-Kit function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lennartsson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Li J, Liu S, Li W, Hu S, Xiong J, Shu X, Hu Q, Zheng Q, Song Z. Vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis promotes transplant arteriosclerosis through inducing the production of SDF-1α. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:2029-43. [PMID: 22845908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transplant arteriosclerosis is a leading cause of late allograft loss. Medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis is considered to be an important event in transplant arteriosclerosis. However, the precise contribution of medial SMC apoptosis to transplant arteriosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We transferred wild-type p53 to induce apoptosis of cultured SMCs. We found that apoptosis induces the production of SDF-1α from apoptotic and neighboring viable cells, resulting in increased SDF-1α in the culture media. Conditioned media from Ltv-p53-transferred SMCs activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/Erk signaling in a SDF-1α-dependent manner and thereby promoted mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) migration and proliferation. In a rat aorta transplantation model, lentivirus-mediated BclxL transfer selectively inhibits medial SMC apoptosis in aortic allografts, resulting in a remarkable decrease of SDF-1α both in allograft media and in blood plasma, associated with diminished recruitment of CD90(+)CD105(+) double-positive cells and impaired neointimal formation. Systemic administration of rapamycin or PD98059 also attenuated MSC recruitment and neointimal formation in the aortic allografts. These results suggest that medial SMC apoptosis is critical for the development of transplant arteriosclerosis through inducing SDF-1α production and that MSC recruitment represents a major component of vascular remodeling, constituting a relevant target and mechanism for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Division of Liver Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia is the leading cause of long-term failure in coronary artery bypass vein grafting, coronary artery stenting, angioplasty, arteriovenous fistula for dialysis, and allograft transplantation. Intimal hyperplasia is a product of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration through the internal elastic lamina, and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins driven by growth factors in the vasculature. This vascular pathology results in a progressive diminution of the vessel lumen and serves as a site for thrombosis and atherosclerotic lesions. A key cell type in the initiation of intimal hyperplasia is the vascular endothelial cell, which appears to have down-stream effects on the vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration. Currently, the only means available for prevention of intimal hyperplasia is through inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with the immunosuppressant rapamycin. mTOR integrates up-stream signals from growth factors such as IL-2 and senses the cellular nutrient and energy levels and redox status. This presentation will discuss the potential means of preserving the vascular endothelial cell and, thereby, reducing the development of intimal hyperplasia in our open-heart surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mills
- Circulatory Sciences Graduate Perfusion Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - T Robb
- Circulatory Sciences Graduate Perfusion Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - DF Larson
- Circulatory Sciences Graduate Perfusion Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Wang CH, Hsieh IC, Chen SJ, Wang JS, Cherng WJ, Chen CC, Lam IJ, Lin SJ. VE-Cadherinlow.ALPHA.-Smooth Muscle Actin+ Component of Vascular Progenitor Cells Correlates With the Coronary Artery Gensini Score. Circ J 2012; 76:477-484. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hung Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - I-Chang Hsieh
- Second Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Jong-Shyan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University
| | - Wen-Jin Cherng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- Second Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Iii-Jan Lam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
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Uchida Y, Egami H, Uchida Y, Maezawa Y, Maezawa Y, Tabata T. β-Actin-Positive Mononuclear Cells Participate in Coronary Microvascular Medial Hyperplasia by Migrating Through Adventitia into Media, With Special Reference to Microvessel Angina. Int Heart J 2012; 53:43-53. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.53.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumi Uchida
- Japan Foundation for Cardiovascular Research
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Jikei University Medical School
| | | | - Yasuto Uchida
- Department of Cardiology, Toho University Medical Center Ohmori Hospital
| | | | | | - Tsuyoshi Tabata
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital
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Yao S, Gutierrez DL, He H, Dai Y, Liu D, Wise GE. Proliferation of dental follicle-derived cell populations in heat-stress conditions. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:486-93. [PMID: 21951291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Isolation and purification of adult stem cells (ASC) are a great challenge. Our objectives were to determine whether ASC are more heat-tolerant than non-stem cells, and to explore if ASC could be enriched by heat-stress treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat dental follicle cells were cultured in a variety of media to obtain either a heterogeneous cell population (H-DFC) consisting of stem cells and non-stem cells, or a homogenous cell population (DFC) containing non-stem cells only. Real-time RT-PCR was conducted to compare expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) between the two populations. To study heat tolerance, H-DFC and DFC were incubated under heat-stress conditions and cell proliferation was evaluated by alamar blue reduction assay. Furthermore, cells resulting from heat-stress treatments were evaluated for differentiation capability and expression of stem cell markers. RESULTS H-DFC expressed higher levels of HSP110, HSP70s and HSP27s than did DFC. H-DFC increased levels of proliferation at 40 °C compared to controls grown at 37 °C; no significant reduction in proliferation occurred at temperatures below 40.5 °C. In contrast, DFC showed significant reduction in proliferation under all heat-stress treatments. Heat-stressed H-DFC had increased differentiation capability and increased expression of stem cell markers. CONCLUSION Stem cells appear to be more tolerant to heat stress than non-stem cells. Incubation of a heterogeneous cell population in heat-stress conditions resulted in increased stem cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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37
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Dahal BK, Kosanovic D, Kaulen C, Cornitescu T, Savai R, Hoffmann J, Reiss I, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Kuebler WM, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Schermuly RT. Involvement of mast cells in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Respir Res 2011; 12:60. [PMID: 21535881 PMCID: PMC3104382 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MCs) are implicated in inflammation and tissue remodeling. Accumulation of lung MCs is described in pulmonary hypertension (PH); however, whether MC degranulation and c-kit, a tyrosine kinase receptor critically involved in MC biology, contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of PH has not been fully explored. METHODS Pulmonary MCs of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients and monocrotaline-injected rats (MCT-rats) were examined by histochemistry and morphometry. Effects of the specific c-kit inhibitor PLX and MC stabilizer cromolyn sodium salt (CSS) were investigated in MCT-rats both by the preventive and therapeutic approaches. Hemodynamic and right ventricular hypertrophy measurements, pulmonary vascular morphometry and analysis of pulmonary MC localization/counts/activation were performed in animal model studies. RESULTS There was a prevalence of pulmonary MCs in IPAH patients and MCT-rats as compared to the donors and healthy rats, respectively. Notably, the perivascular MCs were increased and a majority of them were degranulated in lungs of IPAH patients and MCT-rats (p < 0.05 versus donor and control, respectively). In MCT-rats, the pharmacological inhibitions of MC degranulation and c-kit with CSS and PLX, respectively by a preventive approach (treatment from day 1 to 21 of MCT-injection) significantly attenuated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Moreover, vascular remodeling, as evident from the significantly decreased muscularization and medial wall thickness of distal pulmonary vessels, was improved. However, treatments with CSS and PLX by a therapeutic approach (from day 21 to 35 of MCT-injection) neither improved hemodynamics and RVH nor vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation and activation of perivascular MCs in the lungs are the histopathological features present in clinical (IPAH patients) and experimental (MCT-rats) PH. Moreover, the accumulation and activation of MCs in the lungs contribute to the development of PH in MCT-rats. Our findings reveal an important pathophysiological insight into the role of MCs in the pathogenesis of PH in MCT-rats.
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Takaguri A, Kimura K, Hinoki A, Bourne AM, Autieri MV, Eguchi S. A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 mediates neointimal hyperplasia in vasculature. Hypertension 2011; 57:841-5. [PMID: 21357274 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.166892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The requirement of a metalloprotease, a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) for the growth of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells has been demonstrated in vitro. However, whether this metalloprotease is responsible for vascular remodeling in vivo remains unanswered. Rat carotid arteries were analyzed 2 weeks after a balloon angioplasty. The neointimal cells were strongly positive for ADAM17 immunostaining. Marked inhibition of intimal hyperplasia was observed in a dominant-negative ADAM17 adenovirus-treated carotid artery. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and phospho-epidermal growth factor receptor-positive cells in the neointima were reduced by dominant-negative ADAM17 as well. In contrast, the neointima formation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells, and phospho-epidermal growth factor receptor-positive cells were markedly enhanced by wild-type ADAM17 adenovirus. In conclusion, ADAM17 activation is involved in epidermal growth factor receptor activation and subsequent neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. ADAM17 could be a novel therapeutic target for pathophysiological vascular remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- ADAM Proteins/metabolism
- ADAM17 Protein
- Angioplasty, Balloon
- Animals
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Hyperplasia/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Neointima/metabolism
- Neointima/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takaguri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Differentiation profile of peripheral blood-derived vascular progenitor cell predicts intimal hyperplasia after coronary stenting. Heart Vessels 2011; 27:10-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-011-0118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Chen JS, Huang PH, Wang CH, Lin FY, Tsai HY, Wu TC, Lin SJ, Chen JW. Nrf-2 mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression, an antioxidant-independent mechanism, contributes to anti-atherogenesis and vascular protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract. Atherosclerosis 2010; 214:301-9. [PMID: 21144518 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) may involve both antioxidant-related and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. GBE was recently suggested as a heme oxygenase (HO)-1 inducer. The role of HO-1 in anti-atherogenesis and related vascular protective effects of GBE awaited further clarification. METHODS AND RESULTS Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was used to stimulate adhesiveness of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) to monocytes, an in vitro sign simulating atherogenesis. Pretreatment with GBE reduced TNF-α-stimulated endothelial adhesiveness, which could be attenuated by HO-1 inhibitors ZnPP IX or SnPP IX. GBE increased HO-1 expression and enzyme activity in HAECs. Pretreatment with MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 significantly reduced GBE-induced HO-1 expression. Furthermore, GBE activated the translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and increased its binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) of the HO-1 gene. Pretreatment with PEG-SOD or other antioxidant reagents did not alter GBE-induced endothelial HO-1 expression. In vivo study also showed that GBE treatment could reduce leukocyte adherence to injury arteries, and enhance HO-1 expression in circulating monocytes and in arteries after wire injury, suggesting the in vivo induction of HO-1 by GBE. CONCLUSION GBE could inhibit cytokine-induced endothelial adhesiveness by inducing HO-1 expression via the activation of p38 and Nrf-2 pathways, a mechanism in which oxidative stress is not directly involved. GBE might exert its anti-atherogenesis and vascular protective effects by inducing vascular HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shiong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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41
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Huang PH, Tsai HY, Wang CH, Chen YH, Chen JS, Lin FY, Lin CP, Wu TC, Sata M, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Moderate intake of red wine improves ischemia-induced neovascularization in diabetic mice—Roles of endothelial progenitor cells and nitric oxide. Atherosclerosis 2010; 212:426-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Relationship between stem cell factor/c-kit expression in peripheral blood and blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 2009; 24:220-5. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2009.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Guo J, Jie W, Kuang D, Ni J, Chen D, Ao Q, Wang G. Ischaemia/reperfusion induced cardiac stem cell homing to the injured myocardium by stimulating stem cell factor expression via NF-kappaB pathway. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 90:355-64. [PMID: 19563618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a major cause of heart failure. Recently cardiac stem cells (CSCs) were proposed as the most appropriate cell type for heart disease therapy. However, it is still unclear whether I/R can stimulate the CSCs homing to the injured myocardium. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 30-min ischaemia followed by reperfusion of different intervals. RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect stem cell factor (SCF) expression at mRNA and protein levels respectively. Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. To assess the homing of CSCs in vivo, BrdU-labelled CSCs were injected into AV-groove before induction of ischaemia and examined by immunofluorescent staining in the injured myocardium after I/R. From day 3 to day 6 after reperfusion, the accumulation of CSCs was significantly elevated in the injured area, which was matched with the increased SCF expression during I/R. Pretreatment of rats with NF-kappaB inhibitor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) not only suppressed NF-kappaB activation induced by I/R but also attenuated SCF expression. Further analysis revealed that I/R induced phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha after 15 min of reperfusion, and the raised phosphor-IkappaBalpha returned to the basal level at 2 h of reperfusion. In simulated I/R(SI/R) in vitro, it enhanced NF-kappaB activation and SCF expression in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, which was markedly inhibited by NF-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide or NAC. Taken together, our results demonstrated that I/R induced CSCs homing to the injured myocardium by stimulating myocardial SCF expression via activation of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Guo
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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44
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Vallières K, Petitclerc É, Laroche G. On the ability of imatinib mesylate to inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation without delaying endothelialization: An in vitro study. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 51:50-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Huang PH, Chen YH, Wang CH, Chen JS, Tsai HY, Lin FY, Lo WY, Wu TC, Sata M, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is essential for ischemia-induced neovascularization by modulating bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1179-84. [PMID: 19461050 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.189175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been implicated in the process of neovascularization. Here we show that the impaired neovascularization in mice lacking MMP-9 is related to a defect in EPC functions in vasculogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Hindlimb ischemia surgery was conducted in MMP-9(-/-) mice and wild-type (MMP-9(+/+)) mice. Blood flow recovery was markedly impaired in MMP-9(-/-) mice when compared with that in wild-type mice as determined by laser Doppler imaging. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the number of EPC-like cells (Sca-1(+)/Flk-1(+)) in peripheral blood increased in wild-type mice after hindlimb ischemia surgery and exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor stimulation, but not in MMP-9(-/-) mice. Plasma levels and bone marrow concentrations of soluble Kit-ligand (sKitL) were significantly elevated in wild-type mice in response to tissue ischemia, but not in MMP-9(-/-) mice. C-kit positive bone marrow cells of MMP-9(-/-) mice have attenuated adhesion and migration than those isolated from wild-type mice. In in vitro studies, incubation with selective MMP-9 inhibitor suppressed the colony formation, migration, and tube formation capacities of EPC. Transplantation of bone marrow cells from wild-type mice restored collateral flow formation in MMP-9(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MMP-9 deficiency impairs ischemia-induced neovascularization, and these effects may occur through a reduction in releasing the stem cell-active cytokine, and EPC mobilization, migration, and vasculogenesis functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Viebahn CS, Tirnitz-Parker JEE, Olynyk JK, Yeoh GCT. Stem cell factor and c-kit are involved in hepatic recovery after acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 85:1265-74. [PMID: 17049406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor c-kit are important in hematopoiesis and cellular proliferation. c-kit has also been identified as a cell surface marker for progenitor cells. We have previously shown that there is a large reservoir of hepatic SCF, and this molecule plays a significant role in liver regeneration after 70% hepatectomy. In the current study, we further examined the expression of SCF and c-kit in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in C57BL/6J mice or SCF-deficient sl-sld mice and their appropriate wild-type controls. Following APAP-induced liver injury, c-kit mRNA expression increased, with peak levels detected 48 h postinjury. Hepatic SCF mRNA levels after APAP injury were also increased, with peak levels seen 16 h post-APAP. The mortality rate in SCF-deficient mice treated with APAP was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice; furthermore, administration of exogenous SCF significantly reduced the mortality of APAP-treated wild-type mice. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation experiments showed that SCF significantly increased hepatocyte proliferation at 48 and 72 h in APAP-treated mice. SCF inhibited APAP-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, suggesting that this decrease in hepatocyte apoptosis is mediated through Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. In summary, SCF and c-kit expression was increased after APAP-induced liver injury. Administration of exogenous SCF reduces mortality in APAP-treated mice, increases hepatocyte proliferation, and prevents hepatocyte apoptosis induced by APAP, suggesting that these molecules are important in the liver's recovery from these injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia S Viebahn
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, M310, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Hu B, Colletti LM, Olynyk JK, Yeoh GCT. Stem cell factor and c-kit are involved in hepatic recovery after acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 295:G45-G53. [PMID: 18467506 PMCID: PMC2494727 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00024.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor c-kit are important in hematopoiesis and cellular proliferation. c-kit has also been identified as a cell surface marker for progenitor cells. We have previously shown that there is a large reservoir of hepatic SCF, and this molecule plays a significant role in liver regeneration after 70% hepatectomy. In the current study, we further examined the expression of SCF and c-kit in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in C57BL/6J mice or SCF-deficient sl-sld mice and their appropriate wild-type controls. Following APAP-induced liver injury, c-kit mRNA expression increased, with peak levels detected 48 h postinjury. Hepatic SCF mRNA levels after APAP injury were also increased, with peak levels seen 16 h post-APAP. The mortality rate in SCF-deficient mice treated with APAP was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice; furthermore, administration of exogenous SCF significantly reduced the mortality of APAP-treated wild-type mice. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation experiments showed that SCF significantly increased hepatocyte proliferation at 48 and 72 h in APAP-treated mice. SCF inhibited APAP-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, suggesting that this decrease in hepatocyte apoptosis is mediated through Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. In summary, SCF and c-kit expression was increased after APAP-induced liver injury. Administration of exogenous SCF reduces mortality in APAP-treated mice, increases hepatocyte proliferation, and prevents hepatocyte apoptosis induced by APAP, suggesting that these molecules are important in the liver's recovery from these injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- University of Michigan Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lisa M. Colletti
- University of Michigan Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Wang CH, Cherng WJ, Yang NI, Hsu CM, Yeh CH, Lan YJ, Wang JS, Verma S. Cyclosporine increases ischemia-induced endothelial progenitor cell mobilization through manipulation of the CD26 system. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 294:R811-8. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00543.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) improves the success rate of transplantation. The CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) system plays a critical role in mobilizing endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from bone marrow. This study investigated whether CsA manipulates CD26/DPP IV activity and increases EPC mobilization. C57BL/6 mice were divided into control and CsA-treated groups. Before and after hindlimb ischemia was induced, circulating EPC number and serum levels of different cytokines were measured. Compared with the controls, CsA treatment significantly increased the blood levels of stroma-derived factor-1α and stem cell factor after ischemic stress ( P < 0.001). The CsA group displayed a significant increase in the number of circulating EPCs (sca-1+KDR+ and c-kit+CD31+ EPCs, both P < 0.05). In vivo, CsA caused a significant increase in the numbers of EPCs incorporated into the Matrigel and ischemic limbs ( P < 0.05). In the peripheral blood, CsA significantly decreased CD26+ cell numbers and attenuated the plasma CD26/DPP IV activity ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, short-term CsA treatment significantly improved the perfusion of ischemic limbs and decreased the spontaneous digital amputation rate. In summary, CsA manipulates the mobilization of EPCs into the circulation via the CD26/DPP IV system. Short-term CsA treatment has beneficial effects on angiogenesis of ischemic tissues.
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Diao Y, Guthrie S, Xia SL, Ouyang X, Zhang L, Xue J, Lee P, Grant M, Scott E, Segal MS. Long-term engraftment of bone marrow-derived cells in the intimal hyperplasia lesion of autologous vein grafts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 172:839-48. [PMID: 18276778 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia of autologous vein grafts is a critical problem affecting the long-term patency of many types of vascular reconstruction. Within intimal hyperplasia lesions, smooth muscle cells are a major component, playing an essential role in the pathological process. Given that bone marrow-derived cells may differentiate into smooth muscle cells in the neointima of injured arteries, we hypothesized that the bone marrow may serve as a source for some of the smooth muscle cells within intimal hyperplasia lesions of vein grafts. To test this hypothesis, we used an established mouse model for intimal hyperplasia in wild-type mice that had been transplanted with bone marrow from a green fluorescent protein (GFP+/+) transgenic mouse. High-resolution confocal microscopy analysis performed 2 and 8 weeks after grafting demonstrated expression of GFP in 5.4 +/- 0.8% and 11.9 +/- 2.3%, respectively, of smooth muscle cells within intimal hyperplasia lesions. By 16 weeks, GFP expression in smooth muscle cells was not detected by immunohistochemistry; however, real-time PCR revealed that 20.2 +/- 1.7% of the smooth muscle cells captured from the neointima lesion by laser capture microdissection at 16 weeks contained GFP DNA. Our results suggest that bone marrow-derived cells differentiated into smooth muscle cells within the intimal lesion and may provide a novel clinical approach for decreasing intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Diao
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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