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Wu Y, Zhang J, Du S, Wang X, Li J, Chen Y, Zhou H, Gao S, Li Y, Liu X. Combination of 308-nm excimer laser and piperine promotes melanocyte proliferation, migration, and melanin content production via the miR-328/SFRP1 axis. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2024; 40:e12970. [PMID: 38685665 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both piperine and a 308-nm excimer laser have significant curative effects on vitiligo. This study mainly explored the molecular mechanism of a 308-nm excimer combined with piperine in regulating melanocyte proliferation. METHODS Epidermal melanocytes were cultured in piperine solution, and the cells were irradiated by an XTRAC excimer laser treatment system at 308-nm output monochromatic light. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were for detecting the expression levels of genes or proteins. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Transwell method was for assessing cell viability and migration capacity. The content of melanin was also detected. RESULTS The combination of the 308-nm excimer laser and piperine enhanced the cell proliferation, migration, and melanin production of melanocytes and upregulated the level of miR-328, and restraint of miR-328 reversed the influence of the 308-nm excimer laser and piperine. Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) is a direct target gene of miR-328, and miR-328 can inhibit the expression of SFRP1 and elevate the protein level of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The 308-nm excimer laser combined with piperine may be more efficient than piperine alone in the remedy of vitiligo, and the miR-328/SFRP1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are participated in the proliferation, migration, and melanin synthesis of melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sha Du
- Department of Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinrong Li
- Department of Dermatology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jinggu County, Puer, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongying Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Su Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongrong Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Shaji M, Tamada A, Fujimoto K, Muguruma K, Karsten SL, Yokokawa R. Deciphering potential vascularization factors of on-chip co-cultured hiPSC-derived cerebral organoids. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:680-696. [PMID: 38284292 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00930k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The lack of functional vascular system in stem cell-derived cerebral organoids (COs) limits their utility in modeling developmental processes and disease pathologies. Unlike other organs, brain vascularization is poorly understood, which makes it particularly difficult to mimic in vitro. Although several attempts have been made to vascularize COs, complete vascularization leading to functional capillary network development has only been achieved via transplantation into a mouse brain. Understanding the cues governing neurovascular communication is therefore imperative for establishing an efficient in vitro system for vascularized cerebral organoids that can emulate human brain development. Here, we used a multidisciplinary approach combining microfluidics, organoids, and transcriptomics to identify molecular changes in angiogenic programs that impede the successful in vitro vascularization of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived COs. First, we established a microfluidic cerebral organoid (CO)-vascular bed (VB) co-culture system and conducted transcriptome analysis on the outermost cell layer of COs cultured on the preformed VB. Results revealed coordinated regulation of multiple pro-angiogenic factors and their downstream targets. The VEGF-HIF1A-AKT network was identified as a central pathway involved in the angiogenic response of cerebral organoids to the preformed VB. Among the 324 regulated genes associated with angiogenesis, six transcripts represented significantly regulated growth factors with the capacity to influence angiogenic activity during co-culture. Subsequent on-chip experiments demonstrated the angiogenic and vasculogenic potential of cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) and hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) as potential enhancers of organoid vascularization. Our study provides the first global analysis of cerebral organoid response to three-dimensional microvasculature for in vitro vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha Shaji
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto - 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Tamada
- Department of iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata City, Osaka - 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Fujimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto - 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Keiko Muguruma
- Department of iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata City, Osaka - 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Stanislav L Karsten
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto - 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto - 615-8540, Japan.
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Rai V, Le H, Agrawal DK. Novel mediators regulating angiogenesis in diabetic foot ulcer healing. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:488-501. [PMID: 37459652 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
A non-healing diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a debilitating clinical problem amounting to socioeconomic and psychosocial burdens. DFUs increase morbidity due to prolonged treatment and mortality in the case of non-treatable ulcers resulting in gangrene and septicemia. The overall amputation rate of the lower extremity with DFU ranges from 3.34% to 42.83%. Wound debridement, antibiotics, applying growth factors, negative pressure wound therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, topical oxygen, and skin grafts are common therapies for DFU. However, recurrence and nonhealing ulcers are still major issues. Chronicity of inflammation, hypoxic environment, poor angiogenesis, and decreased formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are common impediments leading to nonhealing patterns of DFUs. Angiogenesis is crucial for wound healing since proper vessel formation facilitates nutrients, oxygen, and immune cells to the ulcer tissue to help in clearing out debris and facilitate healing. However, poor angiogenesis due to decreased expression of angiogenic mediators and matrix formation results in nonhealing and ultimately amputation. Multiple proangiogenic mediators and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy exist to enhance angiogenesis, but the results are not satisfactory. Thus, there is a need to investigate novel pro-angiogenic mediators that can either alone or in combination enhance the angiogenesis and healing of DFUs. In this article, we critically reviewed the existing pro-angiogenic mediators followed by potentially novel factors that might play a regulatory role in promoting angiogenesis and wound healing in DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Hoangvi Le
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Ma C, Li X, Xiao H, Li B, Gu H, Guo Y, Wang H, Wen Y, Chen L. Course-, dose-, and stage-dependent toxic effects of prenatal acetaminophen exposure on fetal long bone development. Toxicol Lett 2023; 387:50-62. [PMID: 37741353 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen is a common analgesic and fever reduction medicine for pregnant women. Epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal acetaminophen exposure (PAcE) affects offspring health and development. However, the effects of PAcE on fetal long bone development and its potential mechanisms have not been elucidated. Based on clinical dosing characteristics, fetal mouse femurs were obtained for detection after oral gavage of acetaminophen at different doses (0, 100 or 400 mg/kg d), courses (single or multiple times) or stages (mid- or late pregnancy) during pregnancy in Kunming mice. The results showed that compared with the control group, PAcE reduced the length of total femur and the primary ossification center (POC), delayed the mineralization of POC and the ossification of epiphyseal region, and down-regulated the mRNA expression of osteogenic function markers (such as Runx2, Bsp, Ocn , Col1a1) in fetal femur, particularly in the high dose, multiple courses, and mid-pregnancy group. Meanwhile, the osteoclast and angiogenic function were also inhibited by PAcE at high dose, multiple courses, and mid-pregnancy, but the inhibition level was less than osteogenic function. Moreover, the alteration of canonical Wnt signalling pathway in PAcE fetal bone were consistent with its osteogenesis function changes. In conclusion, PAcE caused development toxicity and multi-cellular function inhibition in fetal long bone, particularly in the high dose, multiple treatments and mid-pregnancy group, and the alteration of canonical Wnt signalling pathway may be its potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Joint Disease Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bin Li
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Joint Disease Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hanwen Gu
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yinxian Wen
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Joint Disease Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Joint Disease Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Takeda M, Akamatsu S, Kita Y, Goto T, Kobayashi T. The Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in the Progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Their Potential for Future Clinical Application. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101611. [PMID: 37242027 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and is thought to originate from renal tubular epithelial cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer vesicles that are secreted into extracellular spaces by nearly all cell types, including cancer cells and non-cancerous cells. EVs are involved in multiple steps of RCC progression, such as local invasion, host immune modulation, drug resistance, and metastasis. Therefore, EVs secreted from RCC are attracting rapidly increasing attention from researchers. In this review, we highlight the mechanism by which RCC-derived EVs lead to disease progression as well as the potential and challenges related to the clinical implications of EV-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Takeda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Kita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Goto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Mansell DS, Bruno VD, Sammut E, Chiribiri A, Johnson T, Khaliulin I, Lopez DB, Gill HS, Fraser KH, Murphy M, Krieg T, Suleiman MS, George S, Ascione R, Cookson AN. Acute regional changes in myocardial strain may predict ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction in a large animal model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18322. [PMID: 34526592 PMCID: PMC8443552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify predictors of left ventricular remodelling (LVR) post-myocardial infarction (MI) and related molecular signatures, a porcine model of closed-chest balloon MI was used along with serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) up to 5-6 weeks post-MI. Changes in myocardial strain and strain rates were derived from CMRI data. Tissue proteomics was compared between infarcted and non-infarcted territories. Peak values of left ventricular (LV) apical circumferential strain (ACS) changed over time together with peak global circumferential strain (GCS) while peak GLS epicardial strains or strain rates did not change over time. Early LVR post-MI enhanced abundance of 39 proteins in infarcted LV territories, 21 of which correlated with LV equatorial circumferential strain rate. The strongest associations were observed for D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (D-3PGDH), cysteine and glycine-rich protein-2, and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1). This study shows that early changes in regional peak ACS persist at 5-6 weeks post-MI, when early LVR is observed along with increased tissue levels of D-3PGDH and sFRP1. More studies are needed to ascertain if the observed increase in tissue levels of D-3PGDH and sFRP1 might be casually involved in the pathogenesis of adverse LV remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Mansell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - V D Bruno
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - E Sammut
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - A Chiribiri
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - T Johnson
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - I Khaliulin
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - D Baz Lopez
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - H S Gill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - K H Fraser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - M Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - T Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Rd, Box 157, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - M S Suleiman
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - S George
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - R Ascione
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - A N Cookson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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Giacomini E, Minetto S, Li Piani L, Pagliardini L, Somigliana E, Viganò P. Genetics and Inflammation in Endometriosis: Improving Knowledge for Development of New Pharmacological Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169033. [PMID: 34445738 PMCID: PMC8396487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to a rich body of literature, immune cell dysfunctions, both locally and systemically, and an inflammatory environment characterize all forms of endometriosis. Alterations in transcripts and proteins involved in the recruitment of immune cells, in the interaction between cytokines and their receptors, cellular adhesion and apoptosis have been demonstrated in endometriotic lesions. The objective of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the components and mechanisms at the intersection between inflammation and genetics that may constitute vanguard therapeutic approaches in endometriosis. The GWAS technology and pathway-based analysis highlighted the role of the MAPK and the WNT/β-catenin cascades in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. These signaling pathways have been suggested to interfere with the disease establishment via several mechanisms, including apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis. Extracellular vesicle-associated molecules may be not only interesting to explain some aspects of endometriosis progression, but they may also serve as therapeutic regimens per se. Immune/inflammatory dysfunctions have always represented attractive therapeutic targets in endometriosis. These would be even more interesting if genetic evidence supported the involvement of functional pathways at the basis of these alterations. Targeting these dysfunctions through next-generation inhibitors can constitute a therapeutic alternative for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giacomini
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Sabrina Minetto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Letizia Li Piani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.L.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Luca Pagliardini
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Edgardo Somigliana
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.L.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Paola Viganò
- Infertility Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5503-4302
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Etchevers HC. Pericyte Ontogeny: The Use of Chimeras to Track a Cell Lineage of Diverse Germ Line Origins. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2235:61-87. [PMID: 33576971 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1056-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of lineage tracing is to understand body formation over time by discovering which cells are the progeny of a specific, identified, ancestral progenitor. Subsidiary questions include unequivocal identification of what they have become, how many descendants develop, whether they live or die, and where they are located in the tissue or body at the end of the window examined. A classical approach in experimental embryology, lineage tracing continues to be used in developmental biology and stem cell and cancer research, wherever cellular potential and behavior need to be studied in multiple dimensions, of which one is time. Each technical approach has its advantages and drawbacks. This chapter, with some previously unpublished data, will concentrate nonexclusively on the use of interspecies chimeras to explore the origins of perivascular (or mural) cells, of which those adjacent to the vascular endothelium are termed pericytes for this purpose. These studies laid the groundwork for our understanding that pericytes derive from progenitor mesenchymal pools of multiple origins in the vertebrate embryo, some of which persist into adulthood. The results obtained through xenografting, like in the methodology described here, complement those obtained through genetic lineage-tracing techniques within a given species.
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Hu YH, Liu J, Lu J, Wang PX, Chen JX, Guo Y, Han FH, Wang JJ, Li W, Liu PQ. sFRP1 protects H9c2 cardiac myoblasts from doxorubicin-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the Wnt/PCP-JNK pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1150-1157. [PMID: 32238888 PMCID: PMC7608092 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective chemotherapy drug against a wide range of cancers, including both hematological and solid tumors. However, the serious cardiotoxic effect restricted its clinical application. We previously have illuminated the protective role of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1) is one of the endogenous inhibitors of both canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling. In this study, we investigated the relationship between sFRP1 and noncanonical Wnt/PCP-JNK (Wnt/planar cell polarity-c-Jun N-terminal kinase) pathway in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. We showed that treatment of H9c2 cardiac myoblasts with Dox (1 μM) time-dependently suppressed cell viability accompanied by significantly decreased sFRP1 protein level and increased Wnt/PCP-JNK signaling. Pretreatment with SP600125, the Wnt/PCP-JNK signaling inhibitor, attenuated Dox-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cells. Overexpression of sFRP1 protected H9c2 cells from Dox-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the Wnt/PCP-JNK pathway. After intraperitoneal injection of a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg Dox, rats displayed significant cardiac dysfunction; their heart showed inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling and activated Wnt/PCP-JNK signaling. These results suggest that sFRP1 may be a novel target for Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Pehlivan M, Soyoz M, Cerci B, Coven HIK, Yuce Z, Sercan HO. sFRP1 Expression Induces miRNAs That Modulate Wnt Signaling in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Mol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893320040135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Khoshdel Rad N, Aghdami N, Moghadasali R. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Kidney Development: From the Embryo to the Kidney Organoid. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:183. [PMID: 32266264 PMCID: PMC7105577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the metanephric kidney is strongly dependent on complex signaling pathways and cell-cell communication between at least four major progenitor cell populations (ureteric bud, nephron, stromal, and endothelial progenitors) in the nephrogenic zone. In recent years, the improvement of human-PSC-derived kidney organoids has opened new avenues of research on kidney development, physiology, and diseases. Moreover, the kidney organoids provide a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model for the study of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in the developing kidney. In vitro re-creation of a higher-order and vascularized kidney with all of its complexity is a challenging issue; however, some progress has been made in the past decade. This review focuses on major signaling pathways and transcription factors that have been identified which coordinate cell fate determination required for kidney development. We discuss how an extensive knowledge of these complex biological mechanisms translated into the dish, thus allowed the establishment of 3D human-PSC-derived kidney organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Khoshdel Rad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Huang A, Huang Y. Role of Sfrps in cardiovascular disease. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320901990. [PMID: 32064070 PMCID: PMC6987486 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320901990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related proteins (Sfrps) are a family of secreted proteins that
bind extracellularly to Wnt ligands and frizzled receptors. This binding
modulates the Wnt signaling cascade, and Sfrps interact with their corresponding
receptors. Sfrps are thought to play an important role in the pathological
mechanism of cardiac disease such as myocardial infarction, cardiac remodeling,
and heart failure. However, the overall role of Sfrps in cardiac disease is
unknown. Some members of the Sfrps family modulate cellular apoptosis,
angiogenesis, differentiation, the inflammatory process, and cardiac remodeling.
In this review, we summarize the evidence of Sfrps association with cardiac
disease. We also discuss how multiple mechanisms may underlie Sfrps being
involved in such diverse pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiazhi Road, Lunjiao Town, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China The George Institute for Global Health, NSW 2042, Australia
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Dickkopf 2-Expressing Adenovirus Increases the Survival of Random-Pattern Flaps and Promotes Vasculogenesis in a Rat Model. Ann Plast Surg 2019; 84:588-594. [PMID: 31800554 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dickkopf 2 (DKK2) has important roles in vertebrate development; it inhibits Wnt signaling-related processes, such as axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis, and eye formation. However, DKK2 also acts as a Wnt signaling agonist. Dickkopf 2, induced during endothelial cell morphogenesis, promotes angiogenesis in cultured human endothelial cells. In this study, we explored the effect of DKK2-expressing adenovirus on random-pattern flaps using a rodent model. METHODS A DKK2-expressing (dE1-RGD/DKK2) adenovirus was generated and 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: a DKK2 group and a control group. Each group was intradermally injected with 1 × 10 plaque-forming units of DKK2-expressing adenovirus (DKK2 group) or control virus (control group) 48 hours before and immediately before surgery. Then, random-pattern dorsal cutaneous flaps of 3 × 9 cm were elevated. Flap survival rates and cutaneous blood flow were measured over time, and immunohistochemical staining was performed 10 days after surgery to detect CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RESULTS Immunofluorescence staining confirmed the expression of DKK2 in the DKK2 group. The flap survival rate was higher in the DKK2 group (80.0 ± 4.49%) than in the control group (57.5 ± 4.21%; P < 0.05). Blood flow to the most distal compartment was higher in the DKK2 group than the control group during the early postoperative period. Although vascular density was greater in the DKK2 group, there was no difference in the VEGF concentration between groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study suggest that the DKK2-expressing adenovirus increases the survival of the random-pattern cutaneous flap independently of VEGF. The administration of the DKK2-expressing adenovirus into elevated skin flaps increased the number of capillaries and blood flow, thereby improving skin flap survival.
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Tripathy A, Thakurela S, Sahu MK, Uthanasingh K, Behera M, Ajay AK, Kumari R. The molecular connection of histopathological heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma: A role of Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208194. [PMID: 30513115 PMCID: PMC6279049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is leading cause of cancer-related mortality and is categorized among the most common malignancies around the world. It is a heterogeneous tumor, which shows significant degree of histopathological heterogeneity. Despite the apparent histopathological diversity there has been very little distinct correlation between histopathological features and molecular aberrations particularly when it comes to the expression level of Wnt and Hh pathway molecules. The role of Wnt and Hh pathways in relation to HCC behavior viz. histopathological heterogeneity and aggressiveness is not known. Determining the sequential molecular changes and associated histopathological characteristic during HCC initiation, promotion, and progression would probably lead to a better treatment and prognosis. Methods N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) induced HCC model in male Wistar rats were established to study the expression level of Wnt and Hh pathway molecules during different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. Their expression levels were checked at mRNA and protein levels at initiation, promotion, and progression stages of HCC. The expression levels of Wnt and Hh pathway molecules were correlated with biospecimens of HCC patients of different stages. Results In the present study we identified the comprehensive change in the expression pattern of Wnt and Hh pathway molecules in DEN induced rodent hepatocarcinogenesis model. Our results demonstrate that β-catenin /CTNNB1 plays important role in tumor initiation and promotion by stimulating tumor cell proliferation. The activated Wnt signaling in early stage of HCC is associated with well-differentiated histological pattern. The Hh activity although activated during the initiation stage but is significantly increased during the early promotion stage of hepatocarcinogenesis. The increased activity of both Wnt & Hh pathways during promotion stage is associated with moderately-differentiated histological pattern and was simultaneously linked with an increased expression of MMP9. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that during the progression stage Wnt pathway is modestly down-regulated but the Hh pathway activity sustained which in turn is associated with aggressive and invasive phenotype and poorly-differentiated histopathology. Conclusion Our data uncovers the grade related expression of Wnt and Hh pathway molecules and the potential utility of these molecular signatures in daily clinical practice is to decide best therapy according to patients characteristic. Additionally, our data offer insight into the interaction between Wnt and Hh pathways which triggers HCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Tripathy
- Disease Biology Lab, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sudhir Thakurela
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Manoj Kumar Sahu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kanishka Uthanasingh
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manas Behera
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Amrendra Kumar Ajay
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ratna Kumari
- Disease Biology Lab, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
- * E-mail:
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Muto P, Lo Gullo A, Mandraffino G, Loddo S, Atteritano M. High levels of serum sclerostin and DKK1 in a case of Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1679-1681. [PMID: 29774401 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome (KTS) is described as a complex syndrome characterized by various combinations of capillary, venous, and lymphatic malformations associated with bone and soft tissue hypertrophy. We report a case of a 67-year-old postmenopausal Caucasian women with KTS that shows elevated levels of sclerostin and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) BMD T-scores at lumbar spine and femur were normal. Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were consistently normal, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) < 30 ng/mL, and normal parathyroid hormone (PTH). Turnover markers (serum osteocalcin [OCN], and carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen [CTx]) were in the reference limits. It is interesting to note that the serum levels of sclerostin and DKK-1 were significantly higher in our patient with KTS than in a healthy volunteer (control), without impact on bone mineral density and bone formation markers. In fact, in our patient, the BMD at lumbar spine and femur was normal, and osteocalcin was not suppressed. Based on what is known, we would have expected to find low levels of the inhibitors of the Wnt system, perhaps we can explain the data as a response to the compensation for β-catenin hyper-transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Muto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Pad. B, 2nd floor, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Martino" Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - A Lo Gullo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Pad. B, 2nd floor, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Martino" Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - G Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Pad. B, 2nd floor, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Martino" Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - S Loddo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Pad. B, 2nd floor, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Martino" Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - M Atteritano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Pad. B, 2nd floor, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Martino" Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy.
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16
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Oranger A, Brunetti G, Colaianni G, Tamma R, Carbone C, Lippo L, Mori G, Pignataro P, Cirulli N, Zerlotin R, Moretti B, Notarnicola A, Ribatti D, Grano M, Colucci S. Sclerostin stimulates angiogenesis in human endothelial cells. Bone 2017; 101:26-36. [PMID: 28267633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sclerostin, negative regulator of bone formation, has been originally known as an osteocyte product. Recently, it has been also detected in hypertrophic chondrocytes, distinctive cells of avascular cartilage which is invaded by capillaries and then replaced by vascularized bone. Thus, we hypothesized that sclerostin, in addition to its role already known, may exert an angiogenic activity. We first proved that sclerostin increased the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and next, by using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) in vivo assay, we demonstrated that it exerts an angiogenic activity similar to that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This last finding was reinforced by several in vitro approaches. Indeed, we showed that sclerostin induced the formation of a network of anastomosing tubules, a significant increase in the percentage of tubule number, total tubule length and number of junctions, as well as the ability of sclerostin-stimulated HUVECs to organize capillary-like structures and closed-meshes similar to VEGF. The angiogenic response elicited by the protein may be due to the binding to its receptor, LRP6, which is highly expressed at mRNA and protein levels by sclerostin treated HUVECs and through the production of two well-known pro-angiogenic cytokines, VEGF and placental growth factor (PlGF). Finally, we demonstrated that sclerostin was also responsible for the recruitment of osteoclasts and their circulating monocyte progenitors. Overall, these findings showed for the first time the new angiogenic in vitro role of sclerostin which could be also considered as a novel molecule in angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Oranger
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luciana Lippo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pignataro
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Cirulli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Zerlotin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Biagio Moretti
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bari, General Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Notarnicola
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bari, General Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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Nayeem SB, Arfuso F, Dharmarajan A, Keelan JA. Role of Wnt signalling in early pregnancy. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 28:525-44. [PMID: 25190280 DOI: 10.1071/rd14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of a complex network of signalling molecules promotes implantation of the blastocyst and development of the placenta. These processes are crucial for a successful pregnancy and fetal growth and development. The signalling network involves both cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix communication. The family of secreted glycoprotein ligands, the Wnts, plays a major role in regulating a wide range of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell fate, proliferation, migration, stem cell maintenance, tumour suppression, oncogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Recent studies have provided evidence that Wnt signalling pathways play an important role in reproductive tissues and in early pregnancy events. The focus of this review is to summarise our present knowledge of expression, regulation and function of the Wnt signalling pathways in early pregnancy events of human and other model systems, and its association with pathological conditions. Despite our recent progress, much remains to be learned about Wnt signalling in human reproduction. The advancement of knowledge in this area has applications in the reduction of infertility and the incidence and morbidity of gestational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmah B Nayeem
- School of Women's and Infant's Health, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A Keelan
- School of Women's and Infant's Health, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
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18
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Guo ZP, Hou HT, Jing R, Song ZG, Liu XC, He GW. Plasma protein profiling in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery and clinical significance. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60528-60538. [PMID: 28947991 PMCID: PMC5601159 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to identify the protein profiling in patients with triple vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing CABG, in order to detect CAD-related differential proteins in these patients. CABG patients with triple vessel disease with/without left main stenosis (n =160) were compared to normal coronary angiographic subjects (n =160). Plasma samples of 20 males and 20 females in each group were analyzed with iTRAQ technique. ELISA test was used to test the chosen proteins from iTRAQ results in plasma samples from a new cohort of the CABG group (n=120, male/femal=61/59) and control (n =120, male/female=60/60). iTRAQ detected 544 proteins with 35 up-regulated and 41 down-regulated (change fold > 1.2 or < 0.83, p < 0.05). Three proteins including platelet factor 4 (PF4), coagulation factor XIII B chain (F13B), and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1) were selected for validation by using ELISA that demonstrated significant up-regulation of PF4 and sFRP1 (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between these proteins and CAD (p < 0.05) and myocardial infarction history (p < 0.05). Thus, we for the first time have found 76 proteins differentially expressed in plasma of CABG patients. The thrombotic disease/inflammation progress-related protein PF4 and sFRP1, a member of the Wnt/fz signal-transduction pathway and related to myocardial repair, are significantly up-regulated in triple-vessel disease with/without left main stenosis. PF4 may be developed as a biomarker for the diagnosis of the severity of CAD requiring CABG procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Guo
- Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Shi, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Shi, China
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Shi, China
| | - Rui Jing
- Department of Cardiology, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Shi, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Song
- Department of Cardiology, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Shi, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Shi, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Shi, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Shi, China.,The Heart Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Medical College, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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19
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Lin H, Yang G, Ding B, Zhang M, Zhang M, Yan F, Qu Y, Zhang H. Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 overexpression in gastric cancer: Relationship with radiological findings of dual-energy spectral CT and PET-CT. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42020. [PMID: 28169332 PMCID: PMC5294577 DOI: 10.1038/srep42020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the role of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1) overexpression in gastric cancer and its relationship with radiological findings from dual-energy spectral CT(DEsCT) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). We established mouse metastatic models using the SGC-7901/sFRP1 gastric cancer cell line. A control group was established using the SGC-7901/vector cell line. The models were then scanned with dual-energy spectral CT and PET-CT. Subsequent analysis, including immunohistochemistry and Transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL), was performed to confirm the role of sFRP1. Transwell chamber and angiogenesis assays were conducted to verify the effect of sFRP1 in vitro. We found that the control group showed negative radiological performance with successful implantation. Concurrently, the treated group showed visible lesions, a higher FDG uptake and increasing enhancement. The immunological and histological analysis confirmed the positive radiological performance with larger size, increasing proliferation, more microvessels and less apoptosis. The angiogenic up-regulation of sFRP1 overexpression were further verified with in vitro cell models. This preliminary study demonstrates that sFRP1 overexpression in gastric cancer cells leads to increased cell proliferation and angiogenesis, which may, in turn, contribute to positive PET/CT and CT performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Lin
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoyuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Ding
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Qu
- Cedars-Sinai medical center, 8700 beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, Ca90048, USA
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
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Rowan CJ, Sheybani-Deloui S, Rosenblum ND. Origin and Function of the Renal Stroma in Health and Disease. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 60:205-229. [PMID: 28409347 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51436-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The renal stroma is defined as a heterogeneous population of cells that serve both as a supportive framework and as a source of specialized cells in the renal capsule, glomerulus, vasculature, and interstitium. In this chapter, we review published evidence defining what, where, and why stromal cells are important. We describe the functions of the renal stroma andhow stromal derivatives are crucial for normal kidney function. Next, we review the specification of stromal cells from the Osr1+ intermediate mesoderm and T+ presomitic mesoderm during embryogenesis and stromal cell differentiation. We focus on stromal signaling mechanisms that act in both a cell and non-cell autonomous manner in communication with the nephron progenitor and ureteric lineages. To conclude, stromal cells and the contribution of stromal cells to renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rowan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sepideh Sheybani-Deloui
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Norman D Rosenblum
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Rm 16-9-706, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
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sFRP-mediated Wnt sequestration as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 75:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Bischoff DS, Zhu JH, Makhijani NS, Yamaguchi DT. Induction of CXC chemokines in human mesenchymal stem cells by stimulation with secreted frizzled-related proteins through non-canonical Wnt signaling. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:1262-1273. [PMID: 26730270 PMCID: PMC4691694 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i11.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) on CXC chemokine expression in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).
METHODS: CXC chemokines such as CXCL5 and CXCL8 are induced in hMSCs during differentiation with osteogenic differentiation medium (OGM) and may be involved in angiogenic stimulation during bone repair. hMSCs were treated with conditioned medium (CM) from L-cells expressing non-canonical Wnt5a protein, or with control CM from wild type L-cells, or directly with sFRPs for up to 10 d in culture. mRNA expression levels of both CXCL5 and CXCL8 were quantitated by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and secreted protein levels of these proteins determined by ELISA. Dose- (0-500 ng/mL) and time-response curves were generated for treatment with sFRP1. Signal transduction pathways were explored by western blot analysis with pan- or phosphorylation-specific antibodies, through use of specific pathway inhibitors, and through use of siRNAs targeting specific frizzled receptors (Fzd)-2 and 5 or the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor-2 (RoR2) prior to treatment with sFRPs.
RESULTS: CM from L-cells expressing Wnt5a, a non-canonical Wnt, stimulated an increase in CXCL5 mRNA expression and protein secretion in comparison to control L-cell CM. sFRP1, which should inhibit both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling, surprisingly enhanced the expression of CXCL5 at 7 and 10 d. Dickkopf1, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling prevented the sFRP-stimulated induction of CXCL5 and actually inhibited basal levels of CXCL5 expression at 7 but not at 10 d post treatment. In addition, all four sFRPs isoforms induced CXCL8 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner with maximum expression at 7 d with treatment at 150 ng/mL. The largest increases in CXCL5 expression were seen from stimulation with sFRP1 or sFRP2. Analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in the presence of OGM showed sFRP1-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (p44/42) maximally at 5 min after sFRP1 addition, earlier than that found in OGM alone. Addition of a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor also prevented sFRP-stimulated increases in CXCL8 mRNA. siRNA technology targeting the Fzd-2 and 5 and the non-canonical Fzd co-receptor RoR2 also significantly decreased sFRP1/2-stimulated CXCL8 mRNA levels.
CONCLUSION: CXC chemokine expression in hMSCs is controlled in part by sFRPs signaling through non-canonical Wnt involving Fzd2/5 and the ERK and PLC pathways.
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Pahnke A, Conant G, Huyer LD, Zhao Y, Feric N, Radisic M. The role of Wnt regulation in heart development, cardiac repair and disease: A tissue engineering perspective. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 473:698-703. [PMID: 26626076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signaling has proven to be a fundamental mechanism in cardiovascular development as well as disease. Understanding its particular role in heart formation has helped to develop pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocols that produce relatively pure cardiomyocyte populations. The resultant cardiomyocytes have been used to generate heart tissue for pharmaceutical testing, and to study physiological and disease states. Such protocols in combination with induced pluripotent stem cell technology have yielded patient-derived cardiomyocytes that exhibit some of the hallmarks of cardiovascular disease and are therefore being used to model disease states. While FDA approval of new treatments typically requires animal experiments, the burgeoning field of tissue engineering could act as a replacement. This would necessitate the generation of reproducible three-dimensional cardiac tissues in a well-controlled environment, which exhibit native heart properties, such as cellular density, composition, extracellular matrix composition, and structure-function. Such tissues could also enable the further study of Wnt signaling. Furthermore, as Wnt signaling has been found to have a mechanistic role in cardiac pathophysiology, e.g. heart attack, hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, and aortic stenosis, its strategic manipulation could provide a means of generating reproducible and specific, physiological and pathological cardiac models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aric Pahnke
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Genna Conant
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Locke Davenport Huyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Feric
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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24
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APJ Regulates Parallel Alignment of Arteries and Veins in the Skin. Dev Cell 2015; 33:247-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Genetic polymorphism in extracellular regulators of Wnt signaling pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:847529. [PMID: 25945348 PMCID: PMC4402192 DOI: 10.1155/2015/847529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is mediated by a family of secreted glycoproteins through canonical and noncanonical mechanism. The signaling pathways are regulated by various modulators, which are classified into two classes on the basis of their interaction with either Wnt or its receptors. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) are the member of class that binds to Wnt protein and antagonizes Wnt signaling pathway. The other class consists of Dickkopf (DKK) proteins family that binds to Wnt receptor complex. The present review discusses the disease related association of various polymorphisms in Wnt signaling modulators. Furthermore, this review also highlights that some of the sFRPs and DKKs are unable to act as an antagonist for Wnt signaling pathway and thus their function needs to be explored more extensively.
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26
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Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signal is alleviated reactive gliosis in rats with hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst 2015; 31:227-34. [PMID: 25564198 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-014-2613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive gliosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of communicating hydrocephalus. Because the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is considered as a significant factor to contribute to brain development, neurodegenerative process, and reactive gliosis, we target this pathway for intervention by using sFRP-l and investigated the expression of β-catenin, cyclin D-1, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the brain of experimental hydrocephalic rats in terms of protein and gene expression. METHODS Therefore, 30 adult SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group (n = 5), the sham operation group (n = 5), the hydrocephalus group (n = 10), and the sFRP-l group (n = 10). Hydrocephalic rat models were induced by intraventricular injections of 3% kaolin while sFRP-l group was treated by sFRP-l with kaolin injections. The ventricular dilatation was examinated by MRI at 2-week post-operation. After that, β-catenin, cyclin D-1, and GFAP were qualified by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS According to the result, the expression of β-catenin and cyclin D-1 increased (P < 0. 05) in the brain tissue of the hydrocephalus group compared with that of the sham group, while GFAP expression in the hydrocephalus group is more obvious (P < 0. 05). In the sFRP-l group, the expression of β-catenin and cyclin D-1 and GFAP expression is lower (P < 0. 05) compared with those of the hydrocephalus group. We demonstrated that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is activated in the experimental hydrocephalic rat brain. sFRP-l inhibited the expression of β-catenin and cyclin D-1 and alleviated reactive gliosis in the hydrocephalic rat brain tissue, while the development of hydrocephalus was delayed. CONCLUSION These results suggest that regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may provide new therapeutic methods for hydrocephalic patients.
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Maan ZN, Rodrigues M, Rennert RC, Whitmore A, Duscher D, Januszyk M, Hu M, Whittam AJ, Davis CR, Gurtner GC. Understanding regulatory pathways of neovascularization in diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2014; 9:487-501. [PMID: 30736211 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2014.938054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and its associated comorbidities represent a significant health burden worldwide. Vascular dysfunction is the major contributory factor in the development of these comorbidities, which include impaired wound healing, cardiovascular disease and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. While the etiology of abnormal neovascularization in diabetes is complex and paradoxical, the dysregulation of the varied processes contributing to the vascular response are due in large part to the effects of hyperglycemia. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which hyperglycemia disrupts chemokine expression and function, including the critical hypoxia inducible factor-1 axis. We place particular emphasis on the therapeutic potential of strategies addressing these pathways; as such targeted approaches may one day help alleviate the healthcare burden of diabetic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshaan N Maan
- a Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive West, Hagey Building GK-201, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - Melanie Rodrigues
- a Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive West, Hagey Building GK-201, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - Robert C Rennert
- a Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive West, Hagey Building GK-201, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - Arnetha Whitmore
- a Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive West, Hagey Building GK-201, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - Dominik Duscher
- a Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive West, Hagey Building GK-201, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - Michael Januszyk
- a Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive West, Hagey Building GK-201, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - Michael Hu
- a Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive West, Hagey Building GK-201, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - Alexander J Whittam
- a Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive West, Hagey Building GK-201, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
| | - Christopher R Davis
- a Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive West, Hagey Building GK-201, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
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Ferreira Tojais N, Peghaire C, Franzl N, Larrieu-Lahargue F, Jaspard B, Reynaud A, Moreau C, Couffinhal T, Duplàa C, Dufourcq P. Frizzled7 controls vascular permeability through the Wnt-canonical pathway and cross-talk with endothelial cell junction complexes. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:291-303. [PMID: 24866384 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vascular permeability is essential for the health of normal tissues and is an important characteristic of many disease states. The role of the Wnt/frizzled pathway in vascular biology has recently been reported. The objectives of this study are to analyse the role of Frizzled7 (Fzd7) receptor in the control of vascular integrity. METHODS AND RESULTS Fzd7 is expressed in endothelial cells and accumulates at the points of cell-cell contact in association with VE-cadherin and β-catenin, two major adherens junction molecules. To selectively delete fzd7 in the vasculature, we developed gene targeting approaches using CreLox strategy in mice. Genetic fzd7 inhibition in the endothelium increases vascular permeability in basal and factor-induced conditions. On the cellular level, fzd7 knockdown or depletion leads to an increase in paracellular permeability with a loss of adherens junction organization. These impairments are associated with a decrease in both VE-Cadherin and β-catenin expression, a decrease in their association and an increase of tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin/β-catenin. Fzd7 transduces a Wnt/β-catenin signalling cascade that is required to regulate β-catenin and canonical target gene expression. Finally, LiCl, a GSK3 inhibitor, and β-catenin overexpression rescued endothelial integrity and adherens junction organization, induced by fzd7 deletion. CONCLUSION These findings establish that Fzd7 is a new partner of adherens junctional complex and represents a novel molecular switch for the control of vascular permeability via activation of the Wnt-canonical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ferreira Tojais
- Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, INSERM U1034, 125 Avenue du Haut Lévèque, 33 600 Pessac, France Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, Bordeaux University, U1034, Pessac, France Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Claire Peghaire
- Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, INSERM U1034, 125 Avenue du Haut Lévèque, 33 600 Pessac, France Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, Bordeaux University, U1034, Pessac, France
| | - Nathalie Franzl
- Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, INSERM U1034, 125 Avenue du Haut Lévèque, 33 600 Pessac, France Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, Bordeaux University, U1034, Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Larrieu-Lahargue
- Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, INSERM U1034, 125 Avenue du Haut Lévèque, 33 600 Pessac, France Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, Bordeaux University, U1034, Pessac, France
| | - Béatrice Jaspard
- Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, INSERM U1034, 125 Avenue du Haut Lévèque, 33 600 Pessac, France Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, Bordeaux University, U1034, Pessac, France
| | - Annabelle Reynaud
- Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, INSERM U1034, 125 Avenue du Haut Lévèque, 33 600 Pessac, France Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, Bordeaux University, U1034, Pessac, France
| | - Catherine Moreau
- Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, INSERM U1034, 125 Avenue du Haut Lévèque, 33 600 Pessac, France Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, Bordeaux University, U1034, Pessac, France
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, INSERM U1034, 125 Avenue du Haut Lévèque, 33 600 Pessac, France Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, Bordeaux University, U1034, Pessac, France Department of Cardiology, Pôle Cardiothoracique, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Cécile Duplàa
- Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, INSERM U1034, 125 Avenue du Haut Lévèque, 33 600 Pessac, France Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, Bordeaux University, U1034, Pessac, France
| | - Pascale Dufourcq
- Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, INSERM U1034, 125 Avenue du Haut Lévèque, 33 600 Pessac, France Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, Bordeaux University, U1034, Pessac, France
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29
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Abstract
The adult mammalian heart predominantly comprises myocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and epicardial cells arranged in a precise three-dimensional framework. Following cardiac injury, the spatial arrangement of cells is disrupted as different populations of cells are recruited to the heart in a temporally regulated manner. The alteration of the cellular composition of the heart after cardiac injury thus enables different phenotypes of cells to interact with each other in a spatio-temporal-dependent manner. It can be argued that the integrated study of such cellular interactions rather than the examination of single populations of cells can provide more insights into the biology of cardiac repair especially at an organ-wide level. Many signalling systems undoubtedly mediate such cross talk between cells after cardiac injury. The Wnt/β-catenin system plays an important role during cardiac development and disease. Here, we describe how cell populations in the heart after cardiac injury mediate their interactions via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, determine how such interactions can affect a cardiac repair response and finally suggest an integrated approach to study cardiac cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Deb
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Molecular Biology Institute, Programs in Molecular Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Cell and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 675 Charles E Young Drive S, MRL 3609, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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30
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Delic S, Lottmann N, Stelzl A, Liesenberg F, Wolter M, Götze S, Zapatka M, Shiio Y, Sabel MC, Felsberg J, Reifenberger G, Riemenschneider MJ. MiR-328 promotes glioma cell invasion via SFRP1-dependent Wnt-signaling activation. Neuro Oncol 2013; 16:179-90. [PMID: 24305703 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diffusely infiltrative growth of human astrocytic gliomas is one of the major obstacles to successful tumor therapy. Thorough insights into the molecules and pathways signaling glioma cell invasion thus appear of major relevance for the development of targeted and individualized therapies. By miRNA expression profiling of microdissected human tumor biopsy specimens we identified miR-328 as one of the main miRNAs upregulated in invading glioma cells in vivo and further investigated its role in glioma pathogenesis. Methods We employed miRNA mimics and inhibitors to functionally characterize miR-328, 3' untranslated region luciferase assays, and T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor reporter assays to pinpoint miR-328 targets and signaling pathways, and analyzed miR-328 expression in a large panel of gliomas. Results First, we corroborated the invasion-promoting role of miR-328 in A172 and TP365MG glioma cells. Secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, was then pinpointed as a direct miR-328 target. SFRP1 expression is of prognostic relevance in gliomas with reduced expression, being associated with significantly lower overall patient survival in both the Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT) and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Of note, miR-328 regulated both SFRP1 protein expression levels and Wnt signaling pathway activity. Finally, in human glioma tissues miR-328 appeared to account for the downregulation of SFRP1 preferentially in lower-grade astrocytic gliomas and was inversely related to SFRP1 promoter hypermethylation. Conclusion Taken together, we report on a novel molecular miR-328-dependent mechanism that via SFRP1 inhibition and Wnt activation contributes to the infiltrative glioma phenotype at already early stages of glioma progression, with unfavorable prognostic implications for the final outcome of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabit Delic
- Corresponding author: Markus J. Riemenschneider, MD, Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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31
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Dawson K, Aflaki M, Nattel S. Role of the Wnt-Frizzled system in cardiac pathophysiology: a rapidly developing, poorly understood area with enormous potential. J Physiol 2012. [PMID: 23207593 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.235382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The Wnt-Frizzled (Fzd) G-protein-coupled receptor system, involving 19 distinct Wnt ligands and 10 Fzd receptors, plays key roles in the development and functioning of many organ systems. There is increasing evidence that Wnt-Fzd signalling is important in regulating cardiac function. Wnt-Fzd signalling primarily involves a canonical pathway, with dishevelled-1-dependent nuclear translocation of β-catenin that derepresses Wnt-sensitive gene transcription, but can also include non-canonical pathways via phospholipase-C/Ca(2+) mobilization and dishevelled-protein activation of small GTPases. Wnt-Fzd effects vary with specific ligand/receptor interactions and associated downstream pathways. This paper reviews the biochemistry and physiology of the Wnt-Fzd complex, and presents current knowledge of Wnt signalling in cardiac remodelling processes such as hypertrophy and fibrosis, as well as disease states such as myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure and arrhythmias. Wnt signalling is activated during hypertrophy; inhibiting Wnt signalling by activating glycogen synthase kinase attenuates the hypertrophic response. Wnt signalling has complex and time-dependent actions post-MI, so that either beneficial or harmful effects might result from Wnt-directed interventions. Stem cell biology, a promising area for therapeutic intervention, is highly regulated by Wnt signalling. The Wnt system regulates fibroblast function, and is prominently altered in arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy, a familial disease involving excess deposition of fibroadipose tissue. Wnt signalling controls connexin43 expression, thereby contributing to the regulation of cardiac electrical stability and arrhythmia generation. Although much has been learned about Wnt-Fzd signalling in hypertrophy and infarction, its role is poorly understood for a broad range of other heart disorders. Much more needs to be learned for its contributions to be fully appreciated, and to permit more effective exploitation of its enormous potential in therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Dawson
- S. Nattel: 5000 Belanger St. E, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1T 1C8.
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32
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Choi HJ, Park H, Lee HW, Kwon YG. The Wnt pathway and the roles for its antagonists, DKKS, in angiogenesis. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:724-31. [PMID: 22807036 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is involved in a wide range of developmental and physiological processes, such as cell fate specification, tissue morphogenesis, and homeostasis. Thus, its dysregulation has been found in multiple diseases, including some cardiovascular disorders. The loss or gain of function of Wnt pathway components results in abnormal vascular development and angiogenesis. Further study has revealed that Wnt signaling in endothelial cells appears to contribute to vascular morphogenesis and endothelial cell specification. Owing to the significance of Wnt signaling in angiogenesis, Wnt antagonists have been considered potential treatments for neovascular disorders. In line with this, members of the Dkk protein family (Dkks), well-known Wnt antagonists, have been recently found to regulate angiogenesis. This review summarizes our present knowledge of the roles of Wnt signaling and Wnt antagonists, particularly Dkks, in angiogenic regulation and explores the therapeutic potential of Wnt antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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33
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Pourreyron C, Reilly L, Proby C, Panteleyev A, Fleming C, McLean K, South AP, Foerster J. Wnt5a is strongly expressed at the leading edge in non-melanoma skin cancer, forming active gradients, while canonical Wnt signalling is repressed. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31827. [PMID: 22384081 PMCID: PMC3285195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt5a is one of the so-called non-canonical Wnt ligands which do not act through β-catenin. In normal development, Wnt5a is secreted and directs the migration of target cells along concentration gradients. The effect of Wnt5a on target cells is regulated by many factors, including the expression level of inhibitors and receptors. Dysregulated Wnt5a signalling facilitates invasion of multiple tumor types into adjacent tissue. However, the expression and distribution of Wnt5a in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), as well as the effect of Wnt5a on keratinocyte migration has not been studied in detail to date. We here report that Wnt5a is upregulated in SCC and BCC and localised to the leading edge of tumors, as well as tumor-associated fibroblasts. The Wnt5a-triggered bundling of its receptor Fzd3 provides evidence of Wnt5a concentration gradients projecting into the tumor. In vitro migration assays show that Wnt5a concentration gradients determine its effect on keratinoctye migration: While chemotactic migration is inhibited by Wnt5a present in homogenous concentrations, it is enhanced in the presence of a Wnt5a gradient. Expression profiling of the Wnt pathway shows that the upregulation of Wnt5a in SCC is coupled to repression of canonical Wnt signalling. This is confirmed by immunohistochemistry showing lack of nuclear β-catenin, as well as absent accumulation of Axin2. Since both types of Wnt signalling act mutually antogonistically at multiple levels, the concurrent repression of canonical Wnt signalling suggests hyper-active Wnt5a signal transduction. Significantly, this combination of gene dysregulation is not observed in the benign hyperproliferative inflammatory skin disease psoriasis. Collectively, our data strongly suggest that Wnt5a signalling contributes to tissue invasion by non-melanoma skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Pourreyron
- Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre Dundee, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Louise Reilly
- Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre Dundee, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Charlotte Proby
- Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre Dundee, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Andrey Panteleyev
- Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre Dundee, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Colin Fleming
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Education Division, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Kathleen McLean
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre Dundee, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Tayside Tissue Bank, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Andrew P. South
- Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre Dundee, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - John Foerster
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Education Division, College of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- * E-mail:
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34
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Barandon L, Casassus F, Leroux L, Moreau C, Allières C, Lamazière JMD, Dufourcq P, Couffinhal T, Duplàa C. Secreted frizzled-related protein-1 improves postinfarction scar formation through a modulation of inflammatory response. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 31:e80-7. [PMID: 21836067 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.232280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The inflammatory response after myocardial infarction plays a crucial role in the healing process. Lately, there is accumulating evidence that the Wnt/Frizzled pathway may play a distinct role in inflammation. We have shown that secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (sFRP-1) overexpression reduced postinfarction scar size, and we noticed a decrease in neutrophil infiltration in the ischemic tissue. We aimed to further elucidate the role of sFRP-1 in the postischemic inflammatory process. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that in vitro, sFRP-1 was able to block leukocyte activation and cytokine production. We transplanted bone marrow cells (BMCs) from transgenic mice overexpressing sFRP-1 into wild-type recipient mice and compared myocardial healing with that of mice transplanted with wild-type BMCs. These results were compared with those obtained in transgenic mice overexpressing sFRP-1 specifically in endothelial cells or in cardiomyocytes to better understand the spatiotemporal mechanism of the sFRP-1 effect. Our findings indicate that when overexpressed in the BMCs, but not in endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes, sFRP-1 was able to reduce neutrophil infiltration after ischemia, by switching the balance of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokine expression, leading to a reduction in scar formation and better cardiac hemodynamic parameters. CONCLUSION sFRP-1 impaired the loop of cytokine amplification and decreased neutrophil activation and recruitment into the scar, without altering the neutrophil properties. These data support the notion that sFRP-1 may be a novel antiinflammatory factor protecting the heart from damage after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Barandon
- Université de Bordeaux, Adaptation Cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, U1034, Pessac, France
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Descamps B, Sewduth R, Ferreira Tojais N, Jaspard B, Reynaud A, Sohet F, Lacolley P, Allières C, Lamazière JMD, Moreau C, Dufourcq P, Couffinhal T, Duplàa C. Frizzled 4 Regulates Arterial Network Organization Through Noncanonical Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling. Circ Res 2012; 110:47-58. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.250936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rationale:
A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway regulates endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis, but the components that mediate this regulation remain elusive.
Objective:
We investigated the involvement of one of the receptors, Frizzled4 (Fzd4), in this process because its role has been implicated in retinal vascular development.
Methods and Results:
We found that loss of
fzd4
function in mice results in a striking reduction and impairment of the distal small artery network in the heart and kidney. We report that loss of
fzd4
decreases vascular cell proliferation and migration and decreases the ability of the endothelial cells to form tubes. We show that
fzd4
deletion induces defects in the expression level of stable acetylated tubulin and in Golgi organization during migration. Deletion of
fzd4
favors Wnt noncanonical AP1-dependent signaling, indicating that Fzd4 plays a pivotal role favoring PCP signaling. Our data further demonstrate that Fzd4 is predominantly localized on the top of the plasma membrane, where it preferentially induces Dvl3 relocalization to promote its activation and α-tubulin recruitment during migration. In a pathological mouse angiogenic model, deletion of
fzd4
impairs the angiogenic response and leads to the formation of a disorganized arterial network.
Conclusions:
These results suggest that Fzd4 is a major receptor involved in arterial formation and organization through a Wnt/PCP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Descamps
- From the Inserm (B.D., R.S., N.F.T., B.J., A.R., C.A., J.-M.D.L., C.M., P.D., T.C., C.D.), U1034, Pessac, France and University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Unité Inserm U872 (F.S.), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Henri Poincaré (P.L., P.D.), Inserm U961, Nancy, France; Laboratoire de biochimie (T.C.), UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Cardiology (C.D.), Pôle Cardiothoracique, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Raj Sewduth
- From the Inserm (B.D., R.S., N.F.T., B.J., A.R., C.A., J.-M.D.L., C.M., P.D., T.C., C.D.), U1034, Pessac, France and University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Unité Inserm U872 (F.S.), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Henri Poincaré (P.L., P.D.), Inserm U961, Nancy, France; Laboratoire de biochimie (T.C.), UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Cardiology (C.D.), Pôle Cardiothoracique, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Nancy Ferreira Tojais
- From the Inserm (B.D., R.S., N.F.T., B.J., A.R., C.A., J.-M.D.L., C.M., P.D., T.C., C.D.), U1034, Pessac, France and University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Unité Inserm U872 (F.S.), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Henri Poincaré (P.L., P.D.), Inserm U961, Nancy, France; Laboratoire de biochimie (T.C.), UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Cardiology (C.D.), Pôle Cardiothoracique, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Béatrice Jaspard
- From the Inserm (B.D., R.S., N.F.T., B.J., A.R., C.A., J.-M.D.L., C.M., P.D., T.C., C.D.), U1034, Pessac, France and University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Unité Inserm U872 (F.S.), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Henri Poincaré (P.L., P.D.), Inserm U961, Nancy, France; Laboratoire de biochimie (T.C.), UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Cardiology (C.D.), Pôle Cardiothoracique, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Annabel Reynaud
- From the Inserm (B.D., R.S., N.F.T., B.J., A.R., C.A., J.-M.D.L., C.M., P.D., T.C., C.D.), U1034, Pessac, France and University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Unité Inserm U872 (F.S.), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Henri Poincaré (P.L., P.D.), Inserm U961, Nancy, France; Laboratoire de biochimie (T.C.), UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Cardiology (C.D.), Pôle Cardiothoracique, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Fabien Sohet
- From the Inserm (B.D., R.S., N.F.T., B.J., A.R., C.A., J.-M.D.L., C.M., P.D., T.C., C.D.), U1034, Pessac, France and University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Unité Inserm U872 (F.S.), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Henri Poincaré (P.L., P.D.), Inserm U961, Nancy, France; Laboratoire de biochimie (T.C.), UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Cardiology (C.D.), Pôle Cardiothoracique, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Patrick Lacolley
- From the Inserm (B.D., R.S., N.F.T., B.J., A.R., C.A., J.-M.D.L., C.M., P.D., T.C., C.D.), U1034, Pessac, France and University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Unité Inserm U872 (F.S.), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Henri Poincaré (P.L., P.D.), Inserm U961, Nancy, France; Laboratoire de biochimie (T.C.), UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Cardiology (C.D.), Pôle Cardiothoracique, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Cécile Allières
- From the Inserm (B.D., R.S., N.F.T., B.J., A.R., C.A., J.-M.D.L., C.M., P.D., T.C., C.D.), U1034, Pessac, France and University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Unité Inserm U872 (F.S.), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Henri Poincaré (P.L., P.D.), Inserm U961, Nancy, France; Laboratoire de biochimie (T.C.), UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Cardiology (C.D.), Pôle Cardiothoracique, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Marie Daniel Lamazière
- From the Inserm (B.D., R.S., N.F.T., B.J., A.R., C.A., J.-M.D.L., C.M., P.D., T.C., C.D.), U1034, Pessac, France and University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Unité Inserm U872 (F.S.), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Henri Poincaré (P.L., P.D.), Inserm U961, Nancy, France; Laboratoire de biochimie (T.C.), UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Cardiology (C.D.), Pôle Cardiothoracique, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Catherine Moreau
- From the Inserm (B.D., R.S., N.F.T., B.J., A.R., C.A., J.-M.D.L., C.M., P.D., T.C., C.D.), U1034, Pessac, France and University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Unité Inserm U872 (F.S.), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Henri Poincaré (P.L., P.D.), Inserm U961, Nancy, France; Laboratoire de biochimie (T.C.), UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Cardiology (C.D.), Pôle Cardiothoracique, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Pascale Dufourcq
- From the Inserm (B.D., R.S., N.F.T., B.J., A.R., C.A., J.-M.D.L., C.M., P.D., T.C., C.D.), U1034, Pessac, France and University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Unité Inserm U872 (F.S.), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Henri Poincaré (P.L., P.D.), Inserm U961, Nancy, France; Laboratoire de biochimie (T.C.), UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Cardiology (C.D.), Pôle Cardiothoracique, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- From the Inserm (B.D., R.S., N.F.T., B.J., A.R., C.A., J.-M.D.L., C.M., P.D., T.C., C.D.), U1034, Pessac, France and University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Unité Inserm U872 (F.S.), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Henri Poincaré (P.L., P.D.), Inserm U961, Nancy, France; Laboratoire de biochimie (T.C.), UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Cardiology (C.D.), Pôle Cardiothoracique, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Cécile Duplàa
- From the Inserm (B.D., R.S., N.F.T., B.J., A.R., C.A., J.-M.D.L., C.M., P.D., T.C., C.D.), U1034, Pessac, France and University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Unité Inserm U872 (F.S.), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Henri Poincaré (P.L., P.D.), Inserm U961, Nancy, France; Laboratoire de biochimie (T.C.), UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Cardiology (C.D.), Pôle Cardiothoracique, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Pessac, France
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Chen JX, Zeng H, Reese J, Aschner JL, Meyrick B. Overexpression of angiopoietin-2 impairs myocardial angiogenesis and exacerbates cardiac fibrosis in the diabetic db/db mouse model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H1003-12. [PMID: 22180648 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00866.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The angiopoietins/Tie-2 system is essential for the maintenance of vascular integrity and angiogenesis. The functional role of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) in the regulation of angiogenesis is dependent on other growth factors such as VEGF and a given physiopathological conditions. This study investigates the potential role of Ang-2 in myocardial angiogenesis and fibrosis formation in the diabetic db/db mouse. Diabetic db/db mice received intramyocardial administration of either adenovirus Ang-2 (Ad-CMV-Ang-2) or Ad-β-gal. The levels of Tie-2, VEGF, caspase-3, Wnt7b, fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) expression were measured. Apoptosis, capillary density, and cardiac fibrosis were also analyzed in the db/db mouse hearts. Overexpression of Ang-2 suppressed Tie-2 and VEGF expression in db/db mouse hearts together with significant upregulation of Wnt7b expression. Overexpression of Ang-2 also sensitizes ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in db/db mouse hearts. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that overexpression of Ang-2 resulted in a gradual apoptosis as well as interstitial fibrosis formation, these leading to a significant loss of capillary density. Data from these studies were confirmed in cultured mouse heart microvascular endothelial cells (MHMEC) exposed to excessive Ang-2. Exposure of MHMEC to Ang-2 resulted in increased caspase-3 activity and endothelial apoptosis. Knockdown of Ang-2 attenuated high glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Further, counterbalance of Ang-2 by overexpression of Ang-1 reversed loss of capillary density and fibrosis formation in db/db mouse hearts. Our data demonstrate that Ang-2 increases endothelial apoptosis, sensitizes myocardial microvascular inflammation, and promotes cardiac fibrosis and thus contributes to loss of capillary density in diabetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xiong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Nitric Oxide-Donating Derivatives of Chrysin Stimulate Angiogenesis and Upregulating VEGF Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.340.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the development of new capillaries from pre-existing vessels, requires the coordinate activation of endothelial cells, which migrate and proliferate to form functional vessels. Endothelial dysfunction and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability may underscore the impairment of angiogenesis. As such, the delivery of exogenous NO is an attractive therapeutic option that has been used to therapeutic angiogenesis. In this paper, a novel group of hybrid nitric oxide-releasing chrysin derivatives was synthesized. The results indicated that all these chrysin derivatives exhibited promotion of endothelial migration and tubulogenesis in vitro as well as stimulation angiogenesis in vivo.Furthermore, all compounds released NO upon incubation with phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 and enhanced VEGF secretion and VEGF mRNA expression of endothelial cells. These hybrid ester NO donor prodrugs offer a potential drug design concept for the development of therapeutic or preventive agents for angiogenesis deficiency due to ischemic diseases.
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Martin-Manso G, Calzada MJ, Chuman Y, Sipes JM, Xavier CP, Wolf V, Kuznetsova SA, Rubin JS, Roberts DD. sFRP-1 binds via its netrin-related motif to the N-module of thrombospondin-1 and blocks thrombospondin-1 stimulation of MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell adhesion and migration. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 509:147-56. [PMID: 21402050 PMCID: PMC3085965 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP)-1 is a Wnt antagonist that inhibits breast carcinoma cell motility, whereas the secreted glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 stimulates adhesion and motility of the same cells. We examined whether thrombospondin-1 and sFRP-1 interact directly or indirectly to modulate cell behavior. Thrombospondin-1 bound sFRP-1 with an apparent K(d)=48nM and the related sFRP-2 with a K(d)=95nM. Thrombospondin-1 did not bind to the more distantly related sFRP-3. The association of thrombospondin-1 and sFRP-1 is primarily mediated by the amino-terminal N-module of thrombospondin-1 and the netrin domain of sFRP-1. sFRP-1 inhibited α3β1 integrin-mediated adhesion of MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells to a surface coated with thrombospondin-1 or recombinant N-module, but not adhesion of the cells on immobilized fibronectin or type I collagen. sFRP-1 also inhibited thrombospondin-1-mediated migration of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells. Although sFRP-2 binds similarly to thrombospondin-1, it did not inhibit thrombospondin-1-stimulated adhesion. Thus, sFRP-1 binds to thrombospondin-1 and antagonizes stimulatory effects of thrombospondin-1 on breast carcinoma cell adhesion and motility. These results demonstrate that sFRP-1 can modulate breast cancer cell responses by interacting with thrombospondin-1 in addition to its known effects on Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Martin-Manso
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Maria J. Calzada
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yoshiro Chuman
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - John M. Sipes
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Charles P. Xavier
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Vladimir Wolf
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Svetlana A. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jeffrey S. Rubin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Bergmann MW. WNT signaling in adult cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling: lessons learned from cardiac development. Circ Res 2010; 107:1198-208. [PMID: 21071717 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.223768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
On pathological stress, the heart reactivates several signaling pathways that traditionally were thought to be operational only in the developing heart. One of these pathways is the WNT signaling pathway. WNT controls heart development but is also modulated during adult heart remodeling. This review summarizes the currently available data regarding WNT signaling during left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Upstream, soluble frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) block WNT-dependent activation of the canonical WNT pathway. By inhibition of WNT activation, these factors also reduce β-catenin-dependent transcription by altering the ratio of cytoplasmic/nuclear β-catenin. In experimental settings, sFRPs injected into the heart attenuated LV remodeling. sFRPs are secreted from autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells. Disheveled is a signaling intermediate of both the canonical and noncanonical WNT pathway. Similarly to the effect of sFRP, depletion of a disheveled isoform attenuated LV remodeling. In contrast, disheveled activation led to progressive dilated cardiomyopathy. Inhibition of nuclear β-catenin signaling downstream of the canonical WNT pathway significantly reduced postinfarct mortality and functional decline of LV function following chronic left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. WNT signaling also affects mobilization and homing of bone marrow-derived vasculogenic progenitor cells. Finally, heart-specific WNT/β-catenin interaction partners have been identified that will possibly allow targeting this pathway in a tissue-specific manner. In summary, the WNT pathway plays a pivotal role in adult cardiac remodeling and may be suitable for therapeutic interventions. Currently, several molecular and cellular mechanisms whereby WNT inhibition attenuates LV remodeling are proposed. Reactivation of the developmental program to restore functional LV myocardium from resident precursor cells may significantly contribute to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Bergmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Campus Buch & Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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Zhang B, Ma JX. Wnt pathway antagonists and angiogenesis. Protein Cell 2010; 1:898-906. [PMID: 21204016 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-010-0112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway has been extensively studied in multiple diseases, including some angiogenic disorders. Wnt signaling activation is a major stimulator in pathological angiogenesis and thus, Wnt antagonists are believed to have therapeutic potential for neovascular disorders. Actually, some Wnt antagonists have been identified directly from the anti-angiogenic factor family. This review summarizes the recent progress toward understanding of the roles of Wnt pathway antagonists in angiogenic regulation and their mechanism of action, and exploring their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Glaw JT, Skalak TC, Peirce SM. Inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling increases microvascular hemorrhaging and venular remodeling in adult rats. Microcirculation 2010; 17:348-57. [PMID: 20618692 PMCID: PMC2904644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2010.00036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The canonical Wnt signaling pathway, heavily studied in development and cancer, has recently been implicated in microvascular growth with the use of developmental and in vitro models. To date, however, no study exists showing the effects of perturbing the canonical Wnt pathway in a complete microvascular network undergoing physiological remodeling in vivo. Our objective was to investigate the effects of canonical Wnt inhibition on the microvascular remodeling of adult rats. METHODS Canonical Wnt inhibitor DKK-1, Wnt inhibitor sFRP-1, BSA or saline was superfused onto the exteriorized mesenteric windows of 300 g adult female Sprague-Dawley rats for 20 minutes. Three days following surgery, mesenteric windows were imaged intravitally and harvested for immunofluorescence staining with smooth muscle alpha-actin and BRDU. RESULTS We observed prominent differences in the response of the mesenteric microvasculature amongst the various treatment groups. Significant increases in hemorrhage area, vascular density, and draining vessel diameter were observed in windows treated with Wnt inhibitors as compared to control-treated windows. Additionally, confocal imaging analysis showed significant increases in proliferating cells as well as evidence of proliferating smooth muscle cells along venules. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results suggest that canonical Wnt inhibition plays an important role in microvascular remodeling, specifically venular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Glaw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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Hypoxia preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells improve vascular and skeletal muscle fiber regeneration after ischemia through a Wnt4-dependent pathway. Mol Ther 2010; 18:1545-52. [PMID: 20551912 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2010.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent postnatal stem cells, involved in the treatment of ischemic vascular diseases. We investigate the ability of MSC, exposed to short-term hypoxic conditions, to participate in vascular and tissue regeneration in an in vivo model of hindlimb ischemia. Transplantation of hypoxic preconditioned murine MSC (HypMSC) enhanced skeletal muscle regeneration at day 7, improved blood flow and vascular formation compared to injected nonpreconditioned MSC (NormMSC). These observed effects were correlated with an increase in HypMSC engraftment and a putative role in necrotic skeletal muscle fiber clearance. Moreover, HypMSC transplantation resulted in a large increase in Wnt4 (wingless-related MMTV integration site 4) expression and we demonstrate its functional significance on MSC proliferation and migration, endothelial cell (EC) migration, as well as myoblast differentiation. Furthermore, suppression of Wnt4 expression in HypMSC, abrogated the hypoxia-induced vascular regenerative properties of these cells in the mouse hindlimb ischemia model. Our data suggest that hypoxic preconditioning plays a critical role in the functional capabilities of MSC, shifting MSC location in situ to enhance ischemic tissue recovery, facilitating vascular cell mobilization, and skeletal muscle fiber regeneration via a paracrine Wnt-dependent mechanism.
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Muley A, Majumder S, Kolluru GK, Parkinson S, Viola H, Hool L, Arfuso F, Ganss R, Dharmarajan A, Chatterjee S. Secreted frizzled-related protein 4: an angiogenesis inhibitor. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:1505-16. [PMID: 20056841 PMCID: PMC2832169 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is involved in developmental processes, cell proliferation, and cell migration. Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) has been demonstrated to be a Wnt antagonist; however, its effects on endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis have not yet been reported. Using various in vitro assays, we show that sFRP4 inhibits endothelial cell migration and the development of sprouts and pseudopodia as well as disrupts the stability of endothelial rings in addition to inhibiting proliferation. sFRP4 interfered with endothelial cell functions by antagonizing the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway and the Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway. Furthermore, sFRP4 blocked the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on endothelial cells. sFRP4 also selectively induced apoptotic events in endothelial cells by increasing cellular levels of reactive oxygen species. In vivo assays demonstrated a reduction in vascularity after sFRP4 treatment. Most importantly, sFRP4 restricted tumor growth in mice by interfering with endothelial cell function. The data demonstrate sFRP4 to be a potent angiogenesis inhibitor that warrants further investigation as a therapeutic agent in the control of angiogenesis-associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Muley
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Steve Parkinson
- School of Anatomy and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Helena Viola
- Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, and the School of Biomedical, Biomolecular, and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Livia Hool
- Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, and the School of Biomedical, Biomolecular, and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- School of Anatomy and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ruth Ganss
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, UWA Centre for Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- School of Anatomy and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Franco CA, Liebner S, Gerhardt H. Vascular morphogenesis: a Wnt for every vessel? Curr Opin Genet Dev 2009; 19:476-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Koler M, Achache H, Tsafrir A, Smith Y, Revel A, Reich R. Disrupted gene pattern in patients with repeated in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:2541-8. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Barcelos LS, Duplaa C, Kränkel N, Graiani G, Invernici G, Katare R, Siragusa M, Meloni M, Campesi I, Monica M, Simm A, Campagnolo P, Mangialardi G, Stevanato L, Alessandri G, Emanueli C, Madeddu P. Human CD133+ progenitor cells promote the healing of diabetic ischemic ulcers by paracrine stimulation of angiogenesis and activation of Wnt signaling. Circ Res 2009; 104:1095-102. [PMID: 19342601 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.192138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the healing potential of human fetal aorta-derived CD133(+) progenitor cells and their conditioned medium (CD133(+) CCM) in a new model of ischemic diabetic ulcer. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice underwent bilateral limb ischemia and wounding. One wound was covered with collagen containing 2x10(4) CD133(+) or CD133(-) cells or vehicle. The contralateral wound, covered with only collagen, served as control. Fetal CD133(+) cells expressed high levels of wingless (Wnt) genes, which were downregulated following differentiation into CD133(-) cells along with upregulation of Wnt antagonists secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP)-1, -3, and -4. CD133(+) cells accelerated wound closure as compared with CD133(-) or vehicle and promoted angiogenesis through stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and survival by paracrine effects. CD133(+) cells secreted high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and interleukin (IL)-8. Consistently, CD133(+) CCM accelerated wound closure and reparative angiogenesis, with this action abrogated by co-administering the Wnt antagonist sFRP-1 or neutralizing antibodies against VEGF-A or IL-8. In vitro, these effects were recapitulated following exposure of high-glucose-primed human umbilical vein endothelial cells to CD133(+) CCM, resulting in stimulation of migration, angiogenesis-like network formation and induction of Wnt expression. The promigratory and proangiogenic effect of CD133(+) CCM was blunted by sFRP-1, as well as antibodies against VEGF-A or IL-8. CD133(+) cells stimulate wound healing by paracrine mechanisms that activate Wnt signaling pathway in recipients. These preclinical findings open new perspectives for the cure of diabetic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucíola S Barcelos
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Romaker D, Puetz M, Teschner S, Donauer J, Geyer M, Gerke P, Rumberger B, Dworniczak B, Pennekamp P, Buchholz B, Neumann HPH, Kumar R, Gloy J, Eckardt KU, Walz G. Increased expression of secreted frizzled-related protein 4 in polycystic kidneys. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20:48-56. [PMID: 18945944 PMCID: PMC2615724 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common hereditary disease associated with progressive renal failure. Although cyst growth and compression of surrounding tissue may account for some loss of renal tissue, the other factors contributing to the progressive renal failure in patients with ADPKD are incompletely understood. Here, we report that secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) is upregulated in human ADPKD and in four different animal models of PKD, suggesting that sFRP4 expression is triggered by a common mechanism that underlies cyst formation. Cyst fluid from ADPKD kidneys activated the sFRP4 promoter and induced production of sFRP4 protein in renal tubular epithelial cell lines. Antagonism of the vasopressin 2 receptor blocked both promoter activity and tubular sFRP4 expression. In addition, sFRP4 selectively influenced members of the canonical Wnt signaling cascade and promoted cystogenesis of the zebrafish pronephros. sFRP4 was detected in the urine of both patients and animals with PKD, suggesting that sFRP4 may be a potential biomarker for monitoring the progression of ADPKD. Taken together, these observations suggest a potential role for SFRP4 in the pathogenesis of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Romaker
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Secreted Frizzled-related protein 2 is a procollagen C proteinase enhancer with a role in fibrosis associated with myocardial infarction. Nat Cell Biol 2008; 11:46-55. [PMID: 19079247 PMCID: PMC2722759 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled related proteins (sFRPs) have emerged as key regulators of a wide range of developmental and disease processes, with virtually all known functions of mammalian sFRPs attributed to their ability to antagonize Wnt signaling. Recently however, the Xenopus and zebrafish sFRP, Sizzled, was shown to function as an antagonist of Chordin processing by Tolloid-like metalloproteinases, leading to the proposal that sFRPs may function as evolutionarily-conserved antagonists of the chordinase activities of this class of proteinases. Herein, in contrast to this proposal, we show that the mammalian sFRP, sFRP2, does not affect Chordin processing, but instead can serve as a direct enhancer of the procollagen C-proteinase activity of Tolloid-like metalloproteinases. We further show that the level of fibrosis, in which procollagen processing by Tolloid-like proteinases plays a rate-limiting role, is markedly reduced in sFRP2-null mice subjected to myocardial infarction. Importantly, this reduced level of fibrosis is accompanied by significantly improved cardiac function. This study thus uncovers a novel function for sFRP2 and a potential therapeutic application for sFRP2 antagonism in controlling fibrosis in the infarcted heart.
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Aicher A, Kollet O, Heeschen C, Liebner S, Urbich C, Ihling C, Orlandi A, Lapidot T, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. The Wnt Antagonist Dickkopf-1 Mobilizes Vasculogenic Progenitor Cells via Activation of the Bone Marrow Endosteal Stem Cell Niche. Circ Res 2008; 103:796-803. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.172718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic mobilization of vasculogenic progenitor cells is a novel strategy to enhance neovascularization for tissue repair. Prototypical mobilizing agents such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilize vasculogenic progenitor cells from the bone marrow concomitantly with inflammatory cells. In the bone marrow, mobilization is regulated in the stem cell niche, in which endosteal cells such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts play a key role. Because Wnt signaling regulates endosteal cells, we examined whether the Wnt signaling antagonist Dickkopf (Dkk)-1 is involved in the mobilization of vasculogenic progenitor cells. Using TOP-GAL transgenic mice to determine activation of β-catenin, we demonstrate that Dkk-1 regulates endosteal cells in the bone marrow stem cell niche and subsequently mobilizes vasculogenic and hematopoietic progenitors cells without concomitant mobilization of inflammatory neutrophils. The mobilization of vasculogenic progenitors required the presence of functionally active osteoclasts, as demonstrated in PTPε-deficient mice with defective osteoclast function. Mechanistically, Dkk-1 induced the osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL, which subsequently stimulated the release of the major bone-resorbing protease cathepsin K. Eventually, the Dkk-1–induced mobilization of bone marrow–derived vasculogenic progenitors enhanced neovascularization in Matrigel plugs. Thus, these data show that Dkk-1 is a mobilizer of vasculogenic progenitors but not of inflammatory cells, which could be of great clinical importance to enhance regenerative cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Aicher
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine III (A.A., C.H., C.U., A.O., A.M.Z., S.D.) and Neurology (S.L.), J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Weizmann Institute of Science (O.K., T.L.), Department of Immunology, Rehovot, Israel; and Pathology Associates (C.I.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Orit Kollet
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine III (A.A., C.H., C.U., A.O., A.M.Z., S.D.) and Neurology (S.L.), J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Weizmann Institute of Science (O.K., T.L.), Department of Immunology, Rehovot, Israel; and Pathology Associates (C.I.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine III (A.A., C.H., C.U., A.O., A.M.Z., S.D.) and Neurology (S.L.), J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Weizmann Institute of Science (O.K., T.L.), Department of Immunology, Rehovot, Israel; and Pathology Associates (C.I.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebner
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine III (A.A., C.H., C.U., A.O., A.M.Z., S.D.) and Neurology (S.L.), J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Weizmann Institute of Science (O.K., T.L.), Department of Immunology, Rehovot, Israel; and Pathology Associates (C.I.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carmen Urbich
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine III (A.A., C.H., C.U., A.O., A.M.Z., S.D.) and Neurology (S.L.), J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Weizmann Institute of Science (O.K., T.L.), Department of Immunology, Rehovot, Israel; and Pathology Associates (C.I.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Ihling
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine III (A.A., C.H., C.U., A.O., A.M.Z., S.D.) and Neurology (S.L.), J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Weizmann Institute of Science (O.K., T.L.), Department of Immunology, Rehovot, Israel; and Pathology Associates (C.I.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alessia Orlandi
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine III (A.A., C.H., C.U., A.O., A.M.Z., S.D.) and Neurology (S.L.), J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Weizmann Institute of Science (O.K., T.L.), Department of Immunology, Rehovot, Israel; and Pathology Associates (C.I.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tsvee Lapidot
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine III (A.A., C.H., C.U., A.O., A.M.Z., S.D.) and Neurology (S.L.), J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Weizmann Institute of Science (O.K., T.L.), Department of Immunology, Rehovot, Israel; and Pathology Associates (C.I.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas M. Zeiher
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine III (A.A., C.H., C.U., A.O., A.M.Z., S.D.) and Neurology (S.L.), J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Weizmann Institute of Science (O.K., T.L.), Department of Immunology, Rehovot, Israel; and Pathology Associates (C.I.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine III (A.A., C.H., C.U., A.O., A.M.Z., S.D.) and Neurology (S.L.), J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Weizmann Institute of Science (O.K., T.L.), Department of Immunology, Rehovot, Israel; and Pathology Associates (C.I.), Frankfurt, Germany
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Abstract
Aberrations of the Wnt canonical pathway (WCP) are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of various types of cancer. We hypothesize that these defects may exist in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Both the upstream and downstream aspects of WCP were examined in MCL cell lines and tumors. Using WCP-specific oligonucleotide arrays, we found that MCL highly and consistently expressed Wnt3 and Wnt10. beta-catenin, a transcriptional factor that is a downstream target of WCP, is localized to the nucleus and transcriptionally active in all 3 MCL cell lines examined. By immunohistochemistry, 33 (52%) of 64 MCL tumors showed nuclear localization of beta-catenin, which significantly correlated with the expression of the phosphorylated/inactive form of GSK3beta (p-GSK3beta; P = .011, Fisher). GSK3beta inactivation is directly linked to WCP stimulation, since addition of recombinant sFRP proteins (a naturally occurring decoy for the Wnt receptors) resulted in a significant decrease in p-GSK3beta. Down-regulation of DvL-2 (an upstream signaling protein in WCP) by siRNA or selective inhibition of beta-catenin using quercetin significantly decreased cell growth in MCL cell lines. To conclude, WCP is constitutively activated in a subset of MCL and it appears to promote tumorigenesis in MCL.
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