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Kazemi Asl S, Rahimzadegan M, Kazemi Asl A. Pharmacogenomics-based systematic review of coronary artery disease based on personalized medicine procedure. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28983. [PMID: 38601677 PMCID: PMC11004819 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common reason for mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost globally. This study aimed to suggest a new gene list for the treatment of CAD by a systematic review of bioinformatics analyses of pharmacogenomics impacts of potential genes and variants. Methods PubMed search was filtered by the title including Coronary Artery Disease during 2020-2023. To find the genes with pharmacogenetic impact on the CAD, additional filtrations were considered according to the variant annotations. Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs), Gene-miRNA Interactions (GMIs), Protein-Drug Interactions (PDIs), and variant annotation assessments (VAAs) performed by STRING-MODEL (ver. 12), Cytoscape (ver. 3.10), miRTargetLink.2., NetworkAnalyst (ver 0.3.0), and PharmGKB. Results Results revealed 5618 publications, 1290 papers were qualified, and finally, 650 papers were included. 4608 protein-coding genes were extracted, among them, 1432 unique genes were distinguished and 530 evidence-based repeated genes remained. 71 genes showed a pharmacogenetics-related variant annotation in at least (entirely 6331 annotations). Variant annotation assessment (VAA) showed 532 potential variants for the final report, and finally, the concluding PGs list represented 175 variants. Based on the function and MAF, 57 nonsynonymous variants of 29 Pharmacogenomics-related genes were associated with CAD. Conclusion Conclusively, evaluating circulating miR33a in individuals' plasma with CAD, and genotyping of rs2230806, rs2230808, rs2487032, rs12003906, rs2472507, rs2515629, and rs4149297 (ABCA1 variants) lead to precisely prescribing of well-known drugs. Also, the findings of this review can be used in both whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis in the prognosis and diagnosis of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Kazemi Asl
- Deputy of Education, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Rahimzadegan
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Kazemi Asl
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ghorbannezhad G, Mehrabadi S, Golampour-Shamkani N, Barjasteh A, Etesamizadeh P, Tayyebi M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Avan A. Genetic Determinants of Response to Statins in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:20-28. [PMID: 38204221 PMCID: PMC11107471 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x267793231220114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts to identify patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) who could most benefit from the treatment approach, patients vary in their benefit from therapy and propensity for adverse drug events. Genetic variability in individual responses to drugs (pharmacogenetics) is considered an essential determinant in responding to a drug. Thus, understanding these pharmacogenomic relationships has led to a substantial focus on mechanisms of disease and drug response. In turn, understanding the genomic and molecular bases of variables that might be involved in drug response is the main step in personalized medicine. There is a growing body of data evaluating drug-gene interactions in recent years, some of which have led to FDA recommendations and detection of markers to predict drug responses (e.g., genetic variant in VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genes for prediction of drug response in warfarin treatment). Also, statins are widely prescribed drugs for the prevention of CVD. Atorvastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, and lovastatin are the most common statins used to manage dyslipidemia. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the pharmacogenetics of statins, which are being used to treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Ghorbannezhad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Mehrabadi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negar Golampour-Shamkani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Barjasteh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Poorya Etesamizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tayyebi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Komal S, Komal N, Mujtaba A, Wang SH, Zhang LR, Han SN. Potential therapeutic strategies for myocardial infarction: the role of Toll-like receptors. Immunol Res 2022; 70:607-623. [PMID: 35608723 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening condition among patients with cardiovascular diseases. MI increases the risk of stroke and heart failure and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to the development of MI, suggesting that further understanding of the pathomechanism of MI might help in the early management and treatment of this disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-known members of the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family and contribute to both adaptive and innate immunity. Collectively, studies suggest that TLRs have a cardioprotective effect. However, prolonged TLR activation in the response to signals generated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) results in the release of inflammatory cytokines and contributes to the development and exacerbation of myocardial inflammation, MI, ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocarditis, and heart failure. The objective of this review is to discuss and summarize the association of TLRs with MI, highlighting their therapeutic potential for the development of advanced TLR-targeted therapies for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumra Komal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Nimrah Komal
- Department of Pharmacology, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Mirpur, 10250, Pakistan
| | - Ali Mujtaba
- Department of Pharmacology, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Mirpur, 10250, Pakistan
| | - Shu-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Sheng-Na Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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4
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Zhao X, Tian J, Liu Y, Ye Z, Xu M, Huang R, Song X. TLR4-Myd88 pathway upregulated caveolin-1 expression contributes to coronary artery spasm. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 142:106947. [PMID: 34822994 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the role of toll-like receptors 4-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (TLR4-Myd88) dependent caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression modulation in coronary artery spasm (CAS) and explore the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and acetylcholine (Ach) were used to develop the in vitro and in vivo models mimicking the physiological CAS microenvironment. LPS-induced upregulation of Cav-1 expression in mouse coronary and aorta endothelial cells was shown by western blot and immunofluorescence (IF) staining (p < 0.01). Caveolin-1-knockout (Cav-1-/-) mice had reduced aortic inflammation after LPS challenge, and fewer ST segment changes were observed through electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring compared to wild type mice after LPS and ACh administration. In vitro, pretreating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with siCav-1 to knock down Cav-1 expression reduced the endothelial inflammation following LPS challenge. SiCav-1 also partially reversed the attenuated Ca2+ concentration after LPS and ACh administration compared to the control group, which was evaluated by fluorescent molecular probing for Ca2+ alternation monitoring (p < 0.05). TLR4 and Myd88 downregulation by siRNA partially blocked the increased Cav-1 mRNA and protein expressions following LPS treatment, as well as partially reversed the decreased NO production evaluated by nitrate reductase method and the impaired Ca2+ concentration of endothelial cells induced by LPS and ACh. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that Cav-1, which was upregulated by TLR4-Myd88, served as an important modulator of CAS microenvironment establishment in vivo and in vitro, making it a potential pharmacologic target for the treatment of vasospasm via reduced endothelial cell inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jinfan Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhishuai Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95th Yong An Road, Xuan Wu District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95th Yong An Road, Xuan Wu District, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Rongchong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95th Yong An Road, Xuan Wu District, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Xiantao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Polymorphism of CD14 Gene Is Associated with Adverse Outcome among Patients Suffering from Cardiovascular Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:3002439. [PMID: 34305452 PMCID: PMC8282382 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3002439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The biological link between severe periodontitis and cardiovascular disease is well established. Both complex inflammatory diseases are influenced by genetic background. Therefore, the impact of genetic variations of receptors of the innate immune system-(Toll-like receptors (TLRs)) TLR2, TLR4, cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), and the transcription factor nuclear factor-κΒ (NF-κB)-was investigated. Materials and Methods In this study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01045070), 1002 cardiovascular (CV) patients were included. In a 3-year follow-up period, new vascular events were assessed. SNPs in CD14 (rs2569190), NF-κΒ (rs28362491), TLR2 (rs5743708), and TLR4 (rs4986790) were genotyped. The impact of these genetic variants on severe periodontitis as well as on CV outcome was assessed. Results All investigated genetic variants were not associated with preexisting CV events or severe periodontitis in CV patients. In Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, the CT genotype of CD14 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2569190 was shown to be an independent predictor for combined CV endpoint (log rank: p = 0.035; cox regression; hazard ratio: 1.572; p = 0.044) as well as cardiovascular death (log rank: p = 0.019; cox regression; hazard ratio: 1.585; p = 0.040) after three years of follow-up. Conclusions SNPs in CD14, NF-κΒ, TLR2, and TLR4 are no risk modulators for preexisting CV events or severe periodontitis in CV patients. The CT genotype of CD14 SNP rs2569190 provides prognostic value for further CV events within 3 years of follow-up.
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Justina VD, Giachini FR, Sullivan JC, Webb RC. Toll-Like Receptors Contribute to Sex Differences in Blood Pressure Regulation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 76:255-266. [PMID: 32902942 PMCID: PMC7751064 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate immune system, and recently, they have been shown to be involved in the regulation of blood pressure. The incidence of hypertension is higher in men, and it increases in postmenopausal women. In fact, premenopausal women are protected from cardiovascular disease compared with age-matched men, and it is well established that this protective effect is lost with menopause. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this protection in women are unknown. Whether or not it could be related to differential activation of the innate immune system remains to be elucidated. This review focuses on (1) the differences between men and women in TLR activation and (2) whether TLR activation may influence the regulation of blood pressure in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dela Justina
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R. Giachini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidad Federal De Mato Grosso, Barra Do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Jennifer C. Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - R. Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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Hassan MO, Dix-Peek T, Duarte R, Dickens C, Naidoo S, Vachiat A, Grinter S, Manga P, Naicker S. Association of chronic inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis among an indigenous black population with chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232741. [PMID: 32649699 PMCID: PMC7351182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation plays a major role in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) is a major receptor for lipopolysaccharides (endotoxin) and other ligands involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation. We determined whether endotoxin levels and the presence of TLR4 polymorphisms are associated with markers of inflammation and atherosclerosis among South African CKD patients. Materials and methods Endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), serum CD14 (sCD14), interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) were measured in 160 participants (120 CKD patients and 40 controls). Associations between endotoxins and CIMT in the presence of sCD14, IL-8 and MCP-1, were assessed using odds ratios. Participants were screened for the presence of Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile TLR4 polymorphisms, and CIMT and inflammatory markers were compared between subjects with and without TLR4 polymorphisms. Results Endotoxin levels correlated with sCD14 (r = 0.441, p<0.001) and MCP-1 (r = 0.388, p<0.001) levels while increased CIMT was associated with MCP-1 (r = 0.448, p<0.001), sCD14 levels (r = 0.476, p<0.001), LBP (r = 0.340, p<0.001), and IL-8 (r = 0.395, p<0.001). Atherosclerosis was associated with endotoxin levels (odds ratio: 4.95; 95% confidence interval: 2.52–9.73; p<0.001), and was predicted by higher serum levels of inflammatory markers. Analysis of patients with TLR4 polymorphisms showed reduced serum levels of inflammatory markers and CIMT values compared with the patients carrying the wild type TLR4 alleles. Conclusion The study demonstrated associations between circulating endotoxaemia, systemic inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis among South African CKD patients, and showed that the atherogenic predictive power of endotoxaemia was significantly increased by the presence of elevated levels of inflammatory markers. Additional findings, which must be confirmed, suggest that TLR4 polymorphisms are associated with low levels of inflammatory markers and CIMT values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Olamide Hassan
- Divisions of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Therese Dix-Peek
- Internal Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Raquel Duarte
- Internal Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Caroline Dickens
- Internal Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sagren Naidoo
- Divisions of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ahmed Vachiat
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sacha Grinter
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pravin Manga
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Saraladevi Naicker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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8
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Koushki K, Shahbaz SK, Mashayekhi K, Sadeghi M, Zayeri ZD, Taba MY, Banach M, Al-Rasadi K, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Anti-inflammatory Action of Statins in Cardiovascular Disease: the Role of Inflammasome and Toll-Like Receptor Pathways. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 60:175-199. [PMID: 32378144 PMCID: PMC7985098 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one type of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in which activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways is implicated. One of the most effective treatments for atherosclerosis is the use of statin medications. Recent studies have indicated that statins, in addition to their lipid-lowering effects, exert inhibitory and/or stimulatory effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLRs. Some of the statins lead to activation of the inflammasome and subsequently cause secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Thus, these actions may further aggravate the disease. On the other hand, some statins cause inhibition of the inflammasome or TLRs and along with lipid-lowering, help to improve the disease by reducing inflammation. In this article, we discuss these contradictory studies and the mechanisms of action of statins on the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR pathways. The dose-dependent effects of statins on the NLRP3 complex are related to their chemistry, pharmacokinetic properties, and danger signals. Lipophilic statins have more pleiotropic effects on the NLRP3 complex in comparison to hydrophilic statins. Statins can suppress TLR4/MyD88/NF-ĸB signaling and cause an immune response shift to an anti-inflammatory response. Furthermore, statins inhibit the NF-ĸB pathway by decreasing the expression of TLRs 2 and 4. Statins are cost-effective drugs, which should have a continued future in the treatment of atherosclerosis due to both their immune-modulating and lipid-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Koushki
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kazem Mashayekhi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahvash Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zeinab Deris Zayeri
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Khalid Al-Rasadi
- Medical Research Centre, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Toll-like receptor protein 4 monoclonal antibody inhibits mmLDL-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation dysfunction of mouse mesenteric arteries. Microvasc Res 2020; 127:103923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Bahrami A, Parsamanesh N, Atkin SL, Banach M, Sahebkar A. Effect of statins on toll-like receptors: a new insight to pleiotropic effects. Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:230-238. [PMID: 30120976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of transmembrane-spanning receptors that are sentinels of both innate and adaptive immunity. Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) are the most commonly prescribed therapeutic agents for treating hypercholesterolemia globally. However, statin therapy appears to have pleiotropic effects including attenuation of chronic low-grade inflammation and modulation of TLR activity. Statins through abolition of TLR4 expression and regulation of the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway may slow the progression of atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases. In this review, we have focused on the impact and mechanism of action of statins on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Negin Parsamanesh
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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11
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de Jager SCA, Meeuwsen JAL, van Pijpen FM, Zoet GA, Barendrecht AD, Franx A, Pasterkamp G, van Rijn BB, Goumans MJ, den Ruijter HM. Preeclampsia and coronary plaque erosion: Manifestations of endothelial dysfunction resulting in cardiovascular events in women. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:129-137. [PMID: 28899695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The risk for CVD is increased in women with a history of preeclampsia. Multiple studies have indicated that accelerated atherosclerosis underlies this increased CVD risk. Furthermore, it has been suggested that endothelial dysfunction and inflammation play an important role in the increased CVD risk of women with preeclampsia. Rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic plaques can induce the formation of thrombi that underlie the onset of acute clinical CVD such as myocardial infarction and stroke. In relatively young women, cardiovascular events are mainly due to plaque erosions. Eroded plaques have a distinct morphology compared to ruptured plaques, but have been understudied as a substrate for CVD. The currently available evidence points towards lesions with features of stability such as high collagen content and smooth muscle cells and with distinct mechanisms that further promote the pro-thrombotic environment such as Toll Like Receptor (TLR) signaling and endothelial apoptosis. These suggested mechanisms, that point to endothelial dysfunction and intimal thickening, may also play a role in preeclampsia. Pregnancy is considered a stress test for the cardiovascular system with preeclampsia as an additional pathological substrate for earlier manifestation of vascular disease. This review provides a summary of the possible common mechanisms involved in preeclampsia and accelerated atherosclerosis in young females and highlights plaque erosion as a likely substrate for CVD events in women with a history of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia C A de Jager
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - John A L Meeuwsen
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freeke M van Pijpen
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerbrand A Zoet
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Centre, Division of Woman and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan D Barendrecht
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Franx
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Centre, Division of Woman and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas B van Rijn
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Centre, Division of Woman and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Maxwell WD, Ramsey LB, Johnson SG, Moore KG, Shtutman M, Schoonover JH, Kawaguchi-Suzuki M. Impact of Pharmacogenetics on Efficacy and Safety of Statin Therapy for Dyslipidemia. Pharmacotherapy 2017; 37:1172-1190. [DOI: 10.1002/phar.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney D. Maxwell
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences; University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy; Columbia South Carolina
| | - Laura B. Ramsey
- Division of Research in Patient Services-Pharmacy Research; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Samuel G. Johnson
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy; Washington District of Columbia
- Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia
| | - Kate G. Moore
- Department of Pharmacy Practice; Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy; Clinton South Carolina
| | - Michael Shtutman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences; University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy; Columbia South Carolina
| | - John H. Schoonover
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences; University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy; Columbia South Carolina
| | - Marina Kawaguchi-Suzuki
- School of Pharmacy; Pacific University College of Health Professions; Hillsboro Oregon
- Clinical Pharmacy Services; Kaiser Permanente Northwest; Portland Oregon
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13
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Jongstra-Bilen J, Zhang CX, Wisnicki T, Li MK, White-Alfred S, Ilaalagan R, Ferri DM, Deonarain A, Wan MH, Hyduk SJ, Cummins CL, Cybulsky MI. Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Loading of Macrophages Downregulates TLR-Induced Proinflammatory Responses in a Gene-Specific and Temporal Manner through Transcriptional Control. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2149-2157. [PMID: 28784845 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a key risk factor for atherosclerosis and leads to the uptake of native and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by macrophages (Mϕs) and foam cell formation. Inflammatory processes accompany Mϕ foam cell formation in the artery wall, yet the relationship between Mϕ lipid loading and their response to inflammatory stimuli remains elusive. We investigated proinflammatory gene expression in thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal Mϕs, bone marrow-derived Mϕs and dendritic cells, and RAW264.7 cells. Loading with oxLDL did not induce peritoneal Mϕ apoptosis or modulate basal-level expression of proinflammatory genes. Upon stimulation of TLR4, the rapid induction of IFN-β was inhibited in cells loaded with oxLDL, whereas the induction of other proinflammatory genes by TLR4 (LPS), TLR3 (polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid), TLR2 (Pam3CSK4), and TLR9 (CpG) remained comparable within the first 2 h. Subsequently, the expression of a subset of proinflammatory genes (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, CCL5) was reduced in oxLDL-loaded cells at the level of transcription. This phenomenon was partially dependent on NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) but not on nuclear liver X receptors α and β (LXRα,β), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). LPS-induced NF-κB reporter activity and intracellular signaling by NF-κB and MAPK pathways were comparable in oxLDL-loaded Mϕs, yet the binding of p65/RelA (the prototypic NF-κB family member) was reduced at IL-6 and CCL5 promoters. This study revealed that oxLDL loading of Mϕs negatively regulates transcription at late stages of TLR-induced proinflammatory gene expression and implicates epigenetic mechanisms such as histone deacetylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Jongstra-Bilen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Cindy X Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Timothy Wisnicki
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Mengyi K Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Samantha White-Alfred
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ragave Ilaalagan
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dario M Ferri
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Ashley Deonarain
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Mark H Wan
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sharon J Hyduk
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Myron I Cybulsky
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
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14
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Wu BW, Zhu J, Shi HM, Jin B, Wen ZC. Association between Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphism and coronary heart disease susceptibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6306. [PMID: 28793055 PMCID: PMC5572853 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Published data on the association between Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) Asp299Gly polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD) susceptibility are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. English-language studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase databases (up to November 2016). All epidemiological studies were regarding Caucasians because no TLR4 Asp/Gly and Gly/Gly genotypes have been detected in Asians. A total of 20 case-control studies involving 14,416 cases and 10,764 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, no significant associations were found between TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism and CHD susceptibility in the dominant model (OR=0.89; 95%CI=0.74 to 1.06; P=0.20) pooled in the meta-analysis. In the subgroup analysis by CHD, non-significant associations were found in cases compared to controls. When stratified by control source, no significantly decreased risk was found in the additive model or dominant model. The present meta-analysis suggests that the TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism was not associated with decreased CHD risk in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H M Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z C Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Wenzel P, Kossmann S, Münzel T, Daiber A. Redox regulation of cardiovascular inflammation - Immunomodulatory function of mitochondrial and Nox-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:48-60. [PMID: 28108279 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major hallmark of cardiovascular diseases although a causal link was so far not proven by large clinical trials. However, there is a close association between oxidative stress and inflammation and increasing evidence for a causal role of (low-grade) inflammation for the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases, which may serve as the missing link between oxidative stress and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. With the present review we would like to highlight the multiple redox regulated pathways in inflammation, discuss the sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are of interest for these processes and finally discuss the importance of angiotensin II (AT-II) as a trigger of cardiovascular inflammation and the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wenzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Kossmann
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany.
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16
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Bowman JD, Surani S, Horseman MA. Endotoxin, Toll-like Receptor-4, and Atherosclerotic Heart Disease. Curr Cardiol Rev 2017; 13:86-93. [PMID: 27586023 PMCID: PMC5452150 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x12666160901145313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constituent of the outer membrane of most gram negative bacteria. Ubiquitous in the environment, it has been implicated as a cause or con-tributing factor in several disparate disorders from sepsis to heatstroke and Type II diabetes mellitus. Starting at birth, the innate immune system develops cellular defense mechanisms against environmen-tal microbes that are in part modulated through a series of receptors known as toll-like receptors. Endo-toxin, often referred to as LPS, binds to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/ myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) complexes on various tissues including cells of the innate immune system, smooth muscle and endothelial cells of blood vessels including coronary arteries, and adipose tissue. Entry of LPS into the systemic circulation ultimately leads to intracellular transcription of several inflammatory mediators. The subsequent inflammation has been implicated in the development and progression atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary artery disease and heart failure. Objective: The potential roles of endotoxin and TLR4 are reviewed regarding their role in the pathogen-esis of atherosclerotic heart disease. Conclusion: Atherosclerosis is initiated by inflammation in arterial endothelial and subendothelial cells, and inflammatory processes are implicated in its progression to clinical heart disease. Endotoxin and TLR4 play a central role in the inflammatory process, and represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Therapy with HMG-CoA inhibitors may reduce the expression of TLR4 on monocytes. Other therapeutic interventions targeting TLR4 expression or function may prove beneficial in athero-sclerotic disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Bowman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX, United States
| | - Salim Surani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael A Horseman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX, United States
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17
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Sharma S, Garg I, Ashraf MZ. TLR signalling and association of TLR polymorphism with cardiovascular diseases. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 87:30-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: The relevance of clinical, genetic and serological markers. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:1013-1030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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The Role of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Int J Inflam 2016; 2016:1532832. [PMID: 27795867 PMCID: PMC5067326 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1532832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key players in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions including coronary arterial disease (CAD). They are expressed by a variety of immune cells where they recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLRs recruit adaptor molecules, including myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MYD88) and TIRF-related adaptor protein (TRAM), to mediate activation of MAPKs and NF-kappa B pathways. They are associated with the development of CAD through various mechanisms. TLR4 is expressed in lipid-rich and atherosclerotic plaques. In TLR2−/− and TLR4−/− mice, atherosclerosis-associated inflammation was diminished. Moreover, TLR2 and TLR4 may induce expression of Wnt5a in advanced staged atheromatous plaque leading to activation of the inflammatory processes. TLR9 is activated by CpG motifs in nucleic acids and have been implicated in macrophage activation and the uptake of oxLDL from the circulation. Furthermore, TLR9 also stimulates interferon-α (INF-α) secretion and increases cytotoxic activity of CD4+ T-cells towards coronary artery tunica media smooth muscle cells. This review outlines the pathophysiological role of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 in atherosclerosis, focusing on evidence from animal models of the disease.
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20
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Zhou L, Zheng D, Wang S, Zhu J, Jia Y, Sun D, Xu J, Wang Q, Chen H, Xu F, Li B, Ye L. Genetic association of Toll-like receptor 4 gene and coronary artery disease in a Chinese Han population. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1533. [PMID: 27652106 PMCID: PMC5019996 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is known to be involved in innate immunity and inflammatory responses that play important roles in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). But the relationship between TLR4 gene and CAD has yet to be investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate the association of TLR4 gene polymorphisms with CAD susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. METHODS A total of 1094 subjects (577 unrelated patients with CAD and 517 controls) were recruited between 2008 and 2012. Three tag SNPs (rs1927907, rs1927911 and rs11536889) present in the TLR4 gene were genotyped using Sequenom Mass-ARRAY system. RESULTS The genotypic distributions of the three SNPs were not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was no significant difference in distributions of allelic frequencies of each SNPs between healthy controls and CAD patients (P > 0.05). Genotype frequencies of TLR4 gene did not show any statistically significant difference between the two groups in co-dominant, dominant or recessive genetic models (P > 0.05). The frequency of haplotypes in the case group was similar to that in the control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION TLR4 gene do not relate to genetic susceptibility of CAD in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Dongchun Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Yiyang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Di Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Huaiji Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021 China
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21
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Kutikhin AG, Ponasenko AV, Khutornaya MV, Yuzhalin AE, Zhidkova II, Salakhov RR, Golovkin AS, Barbarash OL, Barbarash LS. Association of TLR and TREM-1 gene polymorphisms with atherosclerosis severity in a Russian population. Meta Gene 2016; 9:76-89. [PMID: 27200266 PMCID: PMC4864274 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Local vascular immune response is primarily initiated via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1). We previously showed that certain TLR and TREM-1 gene polymorphisms are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, we hypothesized that these gene polymorphisms are associated with atherosclerosis severity. This study included 292 consecutive patients with CAD who were admitted to the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases (Kemerovo, Russian Federation) during 2011–2012. Sample genotyping was performed in 96-well format using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. We found that C/C genotype of the rs3804099 polymorphism within TLR2 gene and T/T genotype of the rs4711668 polymorphism within TREM-1 gene were significantly associated with severe coronary atherosclerosis while C allele of the rs5743551 polymorphism within TLR1 gene, A/G genotype of the rs4986790 polymorphism and C/T genotype of the rs4986791 polymorphism within TLR4 gene, and C allele of the rs3775073 polymorphism within TLR6 gene were significantly associated with severe noncoronary atherosclerosis. However, A/A genotype of the rs5743810 polymorphism within TLR6 gene was significantly associated with mild noncoronary atherosclerosis. We conclude that certain TLR and TREM-1 gene polymorphisms are significantly associated with atherosclerosis severity in a Russian population. Rs3804099 polymorphism of TLR2 gene is associated with severe coronary atherosclerosis. Rs4711668 polymorphism of TREM-1 gene is associated with severe coronary atherosclerosis. Rs5743551 polymorphism of TLR1 gene is associated with severe noncoronary atherosclerosis. Rs4986790 and rs4986791 polymorphisms of TLR4 gene are associated with severe noncoronary atherosclerosis. Rs3775073 polymorphism of TLR6 gene is associated with severe noncoronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G Kutikhin
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sosnovy Boulevard 6, 650002, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia V Ponasenko
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sosnovy Boulevard 6, 650002, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Khutornaya
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sosnovy Boulevard 6, 650002, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Arseniy E Yuzhalin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Irina I Zhidkova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sosnovy Boulevard 6, 650002, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Ramil R Salakhov
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sosnovy Boulevard 6, 650002, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey S Golovkin
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sosnovy Boulevard 6, 650002, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Olga L Barbarash
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sosnovy Boulevard 6, 650002, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid S Barbarash
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sosnovy Boulevard 6, 650002, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
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22
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Epigenetics and innate immunity: the ‘unTolld’ story. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:631-9. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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The Toll of Vascular Insufficiency: Implications for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:8249015. [PMID: 26998496 PMCID: PMC4779544 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8249015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) can result in limb loss within six months of diagnosis in a subset of patients who cannot undergo endovascular or surgical revascularization yet continues to maintain a marginal position in cardiovascular research. While a body of literature continues to grow describing the role of danger signaling and innate immunity in cardiac biology, the role of these pathways in the ischemic myopathy associated with PAD has not been extensively studied. The following report will review the current literature on the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in cardiovascular biology as well as in nonischemic myopathy. While attenuation of TLR signaling has not been shown to be clinically useful in the treatment of infectious inflammation, it may show promise in the management of severe arterial insufficiency.
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24
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Wang Y, Song E, Bai B, Vanhoutte PM. Toll-like receptors mediating vascular malfunction: Lessons from receptor subtypes. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 158:91-100. [PMID: 26702901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a subfamily of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) implicated in a variety of vascular abnormalities. However, the pathophysiological role and the interplay between different TLR-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses during the development of vascular diseases remain largely unspecified. TLR are widely distributed in both immune and nonimmune cells in the blood vessel wall. The expressions and locations of TLR are dynamically regulated in response to distinct molecular patterns derived from pathogens or damaged host cells. As a result, the outcome of TLR signaling is agonist- and cell type-dependent. A better understanding of discrete TLR signaling pathways in the vasculature will provide unprecedented opportunities for the discovery of novel therapies in many inflammatory vascular diseases. The present brief review discusses the role of individual TLR in controlling cellular functions of the vascular system, by focusing on the inflammatory responses within the blood vessel wall which contribute to the development of hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Erfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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25
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Leusink M, Onland-Moret NC, de Bakker PIW, de Boer A, Maitland-van der Zee AH. Seventeen years of statin pharmacogenetics: a systematic review. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 17:163-80. [PMID: 26670324 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We evaluated the evidence of pharmacogenetic associations with statins in a systematic review. METHODS Two separate outcomes were considered of interest: modification of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) response and modification of risk for cardiovascular events. RESULTS In candidate gene studies, 141 loci were claimed to be associated with LDL-C response. Only 5% of these associations were positively replicated. In addition, six genome-wide association studies of LDL-C response identified common SNPs in APOE, LPA, SLCO1B1, SORT1 and ABCG2 at genome-wide significance. None of the investigated SNPs consistently affected the risk reduction for cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION Only five genetic loci were consistently associated with LDL-C response. However, as effect sizes are modest, there is no evidence for the value of genetic testing in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Leusink
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences & Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences & Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Julius Center for Health Sciences & Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anthonius de Boer
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Chen R, Gu N, Gao Y, Cen W. TLR4 Asp299Gly (rs4986790) polymorphism and coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1412. [PMID: 26644971 PMCID: PMC4671173 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background. Previous studies have shown conflicting results on the association between toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) Asp299Gly (rs4986790) polymorphism and coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism on CAD risk, CRP level and the number of stenotic coronary arteries, as well as to investigate whether G allele carriers would benefit more from statin treatment. Methods. PubMed, EMBASE, and CNKI databases were searched until May 2015. All the statistical tests were performed using R version 3.1.2. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the association between TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism and CAD risk, the number of stenotic vessels, and the incidence of cardiovascular events according to statin-treated patients. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated for the association between Asp299Gly and CRP level. Results. Overall, 12 case-control studies with 10,258 cases and 5,891 controls were included, and no association of TLR4Asp299Gly polymorphism with CAD was found (G allele vs. A allele: OR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.81-1.17], P = 0.75; AA vs. GG + AG: OR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.80-1.18], P = 0.76; GG vs. AG + AA: OR = 1.08, 95% CI [0.57-2.02], P = 0.82; AG vs. AA + GG: OR = 1.03, 95% CI [0.85-1.25], P = 0.74). Also, no association was noted between Asp299Gly and CRP level (WMD = -0.10, 95% CI [-0.62, 0.41], P = 0.69). Furthermore, no synergistic effect of statin and 299Gly was reported (Statin_AA vs. Statin_ AG/GG OR = 1.12, 95% CI [0.41-3.09], P = 0.82). Discussion. This meta-analysis suggests no association of TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism with CAD and CRP level. It is further indicated that the G allele carriers may not benefit more from statin treatment. Further studies should include large sample size and high-quality literature to understand this issue in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- The First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - Ning Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - Ying Gao
- The First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - Wei Cen
- The First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
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Cai J, Yuan H, Wang Q, Yang H, Al-Abed Y, Hua Z, Wang J, Chen D, Wu J, Lu B, Pribis JP, Jiang W, Yang K, Hackam DJ, Tracey KJ, Billiar TR, Chen AF. HMGB1-Driven Inflammation and Intimal Hyperplasia After Arterial Injury Involves Cell-Specific Actions Mediated by TLR4. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2579-93. [PMID: 26515416 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endoluminal vascular interventions such as angioplasty initiate a sterile inflammatory response resulting from local tissue damage. This response drives the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH) that, in turn, can lead to arterial occlusion. We hypothesized that the ubiquitous nuclear protein and damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), is one of the endogenous mediators that activates processes leading to IH after endoluminal injury to the arterial wall. The aim of this study is to investigate whether approaches that reduce the levels of HMGB1 or inhibit its activity suppresses IH after arterial injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we show that HMGB1 regulates IH in a mouse carotid wire injury model. Induced genetic deletion or neutralization of HMGB1 prevents IH, monocyte recruitment, and smooth muscle cell growth factor production after endoluminal carotid artery injury. A specific inhibitor of HMGB1 myeloid differentiation factor 2-toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) interaction, P5779, also significantly inhibits IH. HMGB1 deletion is mimicked in this model by global deletion of TLR4 and partially replicated by myeloid-specific deletion of TLR4 but not TLR2 or receptor for advanced glycation endproducts deletion. The specific HMGB1 isoform known to activate TLR4 signaling (disulfide HMGB1) stimulates smooth muscle cell to migrate and produce monocyte chemotactic protein 1/CCL2) via TLR4. Macrophages produce smooth muscle cell mitogens in response to disulfide HMGB1 also in a TLR4/myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88)/Trif-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These findings place HMGB1 and its receptor, TLR4 as critical regulators of the events that drive the inflammation leading to IH after endoluminal arterial injury and identify this pathway as a possible therapeutic target to limit IH to attenuate damage-associated molecular pattern molecule-mediated vascular inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cai
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - Hong Yuan
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - Qingde Wang
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - Huan Yang
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - Zhong Hua
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - Jiemei Wang
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - Dandan Chen
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - Jinze Wu
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - Ben Lu
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - John P Pribis
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - Weihong Jiang
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - Kan Yang
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - David J Hackam
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.)
| | - Alex F Chen
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wu), the Center of Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine (A.F.C.), Department of Cardiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (J.C., H.Y., W.J., K.Y.), and Department of Hematology of the Third Xiangya Hospital (B.L.), Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (J.C., Q.W., Z.H., J. Wang, D.C., J. Wu, J.P.P., D.J.H., T.R.B., A.F.C.); and Laboratory of Biomedical Science, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York (H.Y., Y.A.-A., K.J.T.).
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Gargiulo S, Gamba P, Testa G, Rossin D, Biasi F, Poli G, Leonarduzzi G. Relation between TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation by 27-hydroxycholesterol and 4-hydroxynonenal, and atherosclerotic plaque instability. Aging Cell 2015; 14:569-81. [PMID: 25757594 PMCID: PMC4531071 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now thought that atherosclerosis, although due to increased plasma lipids, is mainly the consequence of a complicated inflammatory process, with immune responses at the different stages of plaque development. Increasing evidence points to a significant role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a key player in innate immunity, in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to determine the effects on TLR4 activation of two reactive oxidized lipids carried by oxidized low-density lipoproteins, the oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OH) and the aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), both of which accumulate in atherosclerotic plaques and play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Secondarily, it examined their potential involvement in mediating inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation, the hallmarks of high-risk atherosclerotic unstable plaques. In human promonocytic U937 cells, both 27-OH and HNE were found to enhance cell release of IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α and to upregulate matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) via TLR4/NF-κB-dependent pathway; these actions may sustain the inflammatory response and matrix degradation that lead to atherosclerotic plaque instability and to their rupture. Using specific antibodies, it was also demonstrated that these inflammatory cytokines increase MMP-9 upregulation, thus enhancing the release of this matrix-degrading enzyme by macrophage cells and contributing to plaque instability. These innovative results suggest that, by accumulating in atherosclerotic plaques, the two oxidized lipids may contribute to plaque instability and rupture. They appear to do so by sustaining the release of inflammatory molecules and MMP-9 by inflammatory and immune cells, for example, macrophages, through activation of TLR4 and its NF-κB downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gargiulo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences School of Medicine University of Turin, Orbassano Turin Italy
| | - Paola Gamba
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences School of Medicine University of Turin, Orbassano Turin Italy
| | - Gabriella Testa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences School of Medicine University of Turin, Orbassano Turin Italy
| | - Daniela Rossin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences School of Medicine University of Turin, Orbassano Turin Italy
| | - Fiorella Biasi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences School of Medicine University of Turin, Orbassano Turin Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences School of Medicine University of Turin, Orbassano Turin Italy
| | - Gabriella Leonarduzzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences School of Medicine University of Turin, Orbassano Turin Italy
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Schneider S, Koch W, Hoppmann P, Ubrich R, Kemmner S, Steinlechner E, Heemann U, Laugwitz KL, Kastrati A, Baumann M. Association of Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphism with age-dependent systolic blood pressure increase in patients with coronary artery disease. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2015; 12:4. [PMID: 26015800 PMCID: PMC4443624 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-015-0031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Systolic blood pressure (SBP) increases steadily with age and bears an independent continuous relationship with the incidence of cardiovascular events. Low-grade inflammation is a suspected pathomechanism causing vascular aging and promote coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent animal studies give evidence that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) modulate inflammation and contribute to age-dependent SBP increase. However, there are no data about TLR4 and age-dependent blood pressure increase in human. Methods and results We therefor investigate a human cohort of 2679 patients with CAD aged between 50–80 years. Genotypes were determined for the TLR4 single nucleotide polymorphism rs4986790 (TLR4 896A/G). Patients were stratified according to tertiles of age and the upper tertile was compared to lower tertiles. In this cohort we show that older patients with the TLR4 896 G allele had significantly lower SBP (TLR4 G allele carriers: 148.2 ± 30.4 mmHg versus A/A allele carrier: 154.9 ± 27.2 mmHg; P < 0.05) and lower pulse pressure (TLR4 G allele carriers: 69.1 ± 29.7 mmHg versus A/A allele carrier: 75.5 ± 26.4 mmHg; P < 0.05) as compared to TLR4 896A/A allele carrier. Conclusion We demonstrate an association between the TLR4 SNP rs4986790 genotype and age-dependant blood pressure increase in patients with coronary artery disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12979-015-0031-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schneider
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str.22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Werner Koch
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Hoppmann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str.22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Romy Ubrich
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str.22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Kemmner
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str.22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Steinlechner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str.22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Heemann
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str.22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str.22, 81675 Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Oudenarder Straße 16, 13347 Munich, Germany
| | - Adnan Kastrati
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Oudenarder Straße 16, 13347 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Baumann
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str.22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
All aspects of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are critically influenced by the inflammatory response in vascular plaques. Research in the field of innate immunity from the past 2 decades has uncovered many novel mechanisms elucidating how immune cells sense microbes, tissue damage, and metabolic derangements. Here, we summarize which triggers of innate immunity appear during atherogenesis and by which pathways they can contribute to inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques. The increased understanding gained from studies assessing how immune activation is associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has provided many novel targets for potential therapeutic intervention. Excitingly, the concept that inflammation may be the core of cardiovascular disease is currently being clinically evaluated and will probably encourage further studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zimmer
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II (S.Z.) and Institute of Innate Immunity (A.G., E.L.), University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (E.L.); and German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (E.L.)
| | - Alena Grebe
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II (S.Z.) and Institute of Innate Immunity (A.G., E.L.), University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (E.L.); and German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (E.L.)
| | - Eicke Latz
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II (S.Z.) and Institute of Innate Immunity (A.G., E.L.), University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (E.L.); and German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (E.L.).
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31
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Patel SM, Koringa PG, Nathani NM, Patel NV, Shah TM, Joshi CG. Exploring genetic polymorphism in innate immune genes in Indian cattle (Bos indicus) and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) using next generation sequencing technology. Meta Gene 2015; 3:50-8. [PMID: 26925373 PMCID: PMC4722485 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of innate immunity initiates various cascades of reactions that largely contribute to defense against physical, microbial or chemical damage, prompt for damage repair and removal of causative organisms as well as restoration of tissue homeostasis. Genetic polymorphism in innate immune genes plays prominent role in disease resistance capabilities in various breeds of cattle and buffalo. Here we studied single nucleotide variations (SNP/SNV) and haplotype structure in innate immune genes viz CHGA, CHGB, CHGC, NRAMP1, NRAMP2, DEFB1, BNBD4, BNBD5, TAP and LAP in Gir cattle and Murrah buffalo. Targeted sequencing of exonic regions of these genes was performed by Ion Torrent PGM sequencing platform. The sequence reads obtained corresponding to coding regions of these genes were mapped to reference genome of cattle BosTau7 by BWA program using genome analysis tool kit (GATK). Further variant analysis by Unified Genotyper revealed 54 and 224 SNPs in Gir and Murrah respectively and also 32 SNVs was identified. Among these SNPs 43, 36, 11,32,81,21 and 22 variations were in CHGA, CHGB, CHGC, NRAMP1, NRAMP2, DEFB1 and TAP genes respectively. Among these identified 278 SNPs, 24 were found to be reported in the dbSNP database. Variant analysis was followed by structure formation of haplotypes based on multiple SNPs using SAS software revealed a large number of haplotypes. The SNP discovery in innate immune genes in cattle and buffalo breeds of India would advance our understanding of role of these genes in determining the disease resistance/susceptibility in Indian breeds. The identified SNPs and haplotype data would also provide a wealth of sequence information for conservation studies, selective breeding and designing future strategies for identifying disease associations involving samples from distinct populations. Sequencing of exonic regions of 10 selected innate immune genes, 895.60 Mb data was generated. Variant analysis using GATK pipeline revealed 278 SNPs, 32 SNVs and from these 24 were found to be reported. 43, 36 and 11 SNPs were observed in chromagranin genes viz. CHGA, CHGB and CHGC respectively. 32 and 81 SNPs were identified in NRAMP genes viz. NRAMP1 and NRAMP2 respectively. 21 and 22 SNPs were observed in β-defensin genes viz. DEFB1 and TAP respectively.
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Key Words
- BAM, Binary Alignment Map
- BNBD4, Neutrophil beta-defensin 4
- BNBD5, Neutrophil beta-defensin 5
- BWA, Burrows–Wheeler Aligner
- CHGA, Chromagranin A
- CHGB, Chromagranin B
- CHGC, Chromagranin C
- DEFB1, Beta defensin 1
- EM, Expectation Maximization
- GATK, Genome Analysis Tool Kit
- Haplotype
- Indian cattle and buffalo
- Innate immune genes
- LAP, Lingual Antimicrobial Peptide
- LD, Linkage Disequilibrium
- NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information
- NRAMP1, Natural Resistance associated macrophage protein 1
- NRAMP2, Natural Resistance associated macrophage protein 2
- Next generation sequencing
- PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction
- PGM, Personal Genome Machine
- RFLP, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
- SAM, Sequence Alignment Map
- SAS, Statistical Analysis System
- SLC11, Solute Carrier Family 11
- SNP, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- SNV, Single Nucleotide Variant
- Single nucleotide polymorphism
- TAP, Tracheal Antimicrobial Peptide
- TLR, Toll Like Receptor
- UTR, Untranslated Region
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya M Patel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Prakash G Koringa
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Neelam M Nathani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Namrata V Patel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Tejash M Shah
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388001, Gujarat, India
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Sonmez E, Turkdogan KA, Karabacak M, Civelek C, Yilmaz C, Ozer OF, Çavuş UY. The diagnostic role of signal peptide-C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1-epidermal growth factor domain-containing protein 1 in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Am J Emerg Med 2014; 33:21-4. [PMID: 25445868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chest pain and/or electrocardiogram changes in non-ST elevation or suspicious chest pain and cardiac marker elevations are defined as non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Serial electrocardiogram and marker follow-up are needed to make a diagnosis of NSTE-ACS and to eliminate noncoronary chest pain (NCCP). Signal peptide-C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1-epidermal growth factor domain-containing protein 1 (SCUBE1) is stored within the α granules of inactive platelets and secreted at a high rate during thrombosis. We believe that SCUBE1 may be a sensitive early diagnostic indicator in distinguishing coronary-induced chest pain from noncoronary-induced chest pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 190 patients with an initial diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department. Based on a definitive diagnosis, these patients were classified into 3 groups: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), NSTE-ACS, and NCCP. RESULTS Plasma SCUBE1 levels were significantly higher in the STEMI group when compared with those of the other groups (P < .05). They were also significantly higher in the NSTE-ACS group when compared with those of the NCCP group (P < .01). Troponin I, creatinine kinase, and creatinine kinase MB levels were significantly different in the NSTE-ACS group when compared with those of the NCCP group (P < .05). CONCLUSION High rates of SCUBE1 were found both in the STEMI and NSTE-ACS patients. Furthermore, in the study group, SCUBE1 was an adequate marker for distinguishing NSTE-ACS from NCCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ertan Sonmez
- Bezmialem Vakıf University, Department of Emergency Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Mustafa Karabacak
- Isparta State Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Cemil Civelek
- Bezmialem Vakıf University, Department of Emergency Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cahit Yilmaz
- Bezmialem Vakıf University, Department of Emergency Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Omer Faruk Ozer
- Bezmialem Vakıf University, Department of Emergency Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Umut Yücel Çavuş
- Dişkapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Jia SJ, Niu PP, Cong JZ, Zhang BK, Zhao M. TLR4 signaling: A potential therapeutic target in ischemic coronary artery disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Kompoti M, Michopoulos A, Michalia M, Clouva-Molyvdas PM, Germenis AE, Speletas M. Genetic polymorphisms of innate and adaptive immunity as predictors of outcome in critically ill patients. Immunobiology 2014; 220:414-21. [PMID: 25454804 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock frequently cause the admission or complicate the clinical course of critically ill patients admitted in the intensive care units (ICU). Genetic variations disrupting the immune sensing of infectious organisms, could affect the ability of the immune system to respond to infection, and may influence both the genetic predisposition to infection and the diversity of the clinical presentation of sepsis. The aim of this study was to uncover possible associations between common functional immune gene polymorphisms (of both innate and adaptive immunity) and ICU-acquired sepsis and mortality. The TLR4-D299G (rs4986790), TLR4-T399I (rs4986791), C2-c.841_849+19del28 (rs9332736), TACI-C104R (rs34557412), BAFFR-P21R (rs77874543), and BAFFR-H159Y (rs61756766) polymorphisms were detected in a cohort of 215 critically ill patients, admitted in an 8-bed medical/surgical ICU. Interestingly, TLR4-D299G, TLR4-T399I and BAFFR-P21R carriage was associated with a lower risk of ICU-acquired sepsis. This association applied particularly in medical patients, while in trauma and surgical patients no significant associations were observed. Moreover, carriers of TACI-C104R displayed an undiagnosed mild to moderate hypogammaglobulinemia along with a significantly lower survival rate in the ICU, although lethal events were not attributed to sepsis. These findings further elucidate the role that host immune genetic variations may play in the susceptibility to ICU-acquired sepsis and ICU mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kompoti
- Intensive Care Unit, Thriassion General Hospital of Eleusis, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Michopoulos
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, University of Thessaly, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Larissa, Greece
| | - Martha Michalia
- Intensive Care Unit, Thriassion General Hospital of Eleusis, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anastasios E Germenis
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, University of Thessaly, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Larissa, Greece
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, University of Thessaly, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Larissa, Greece.
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Association of TLR and TREM-1 gene polymorphisms with risk of coronary artery disease in a Russian population. Gene 2014; 550:101-9. [PMID: 25128583 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, manifesting itself as acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and peripheral arterial diseases, is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease which is driven by responses of both innate and adaptive immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 (TREM-1) are important effectors of the innate immune system, and polymorphisms within genes encoding them may increase risk of occurrence of various pathologies including cardiovascular disorders. Thus, we carried out a genetic association study on the sample of 702 consecutive Caucasian (Russian) patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 300 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls. We revealed that the C/C genotype of the TLR1 rs5743551 polymorphism was significantly associated with a reduced risk of CAD according to the recessive model (OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.20-0.84, P=0.017, adjusted by age and gender). Concerning TREM-1 gene polymorphisms, we found that A/A genotype of the rs2234237 polymorphism, the G/G genotype of the rs6910730 polymorphism, the C/C genotype of the rs9471535 polymorphism, and the T/T genotype of the rs4711668 polymorphism were significantly associated with elevated CAD risk according to the recessive model (OR=5.52, 95% CI=1.17-25.98, P=0.011; OR=4.28, 95% CI=1.09-16.81, P=0.021; OR=5.55, 95% CI=1.18-26.09, P=0.011, and OR=1.66, 95% CI=1.10-2.52, P=0.014, respectively, adjusted by age and gender). Conversely, the G allele of the rs1817537 polymorphism, the T allele of the rs2234246 polymorphism, and the T allele of the rs3804277 polymorphism significantly correlated with similarly decreased risk of CAD according to the dominant model (OR=0.57, 95% CI=0.40-0.81, P=0.0013; OR=0.59, 95% CI=0.42-0.84, P=0.003, and OR=0.58, 95% CI=0.41-0.81, P=0.0014, respectively, adjusted by age and gender). We conclude that certain TLR and TREM-1 gene polymorphisms may be associated with CAD in Russian population; however, their significance as predictive and pathogenic markers of CAD should be interpreted with caution in other populations.
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Yin YW, Sun QQ, Hu AM, Liu HL, Wang Q, Zhang BB. Toll-like receptor 4 gene Asp299Gly polymorphism in myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis of 15,148 subjects. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:163-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Choi SH, Yin H, Ravandi A, Armando A, Dumlao D, Kim J, Almazan F, Taylor AM, McNamara CA, Tsimikas S, Dennis EA, Witztum JL, Miller YI. Polyoxygenated cholesterol ester hydroperoxide activates TLR4 and SYK dependent signaling in macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83145. [PMID: 24376657 PMCID: PMC3871536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the major causative mechanisms in the development of atherosclerosis. In previous studies, we showed that minimally oxidized LDL (mmLDL) induced inflammatory responses in macrophages, macropinocytosis and intracellular lipid accumulation and that oxidized cholesterol esters (OxCEs) were biologically active components of mmLDL. Here we identified a specific OxCE molecule responsible for the biological activity of mmLDL and characterized signaling pathways in macrophages in response to this OxCE. Using liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry and biological assays, we identified an oxidized cholesteryl arachidonate with bicyclic endoperoxide and hydroperoxide groups (BEP-CE) as a specific OxCE that activates macrophages in a TLR4/MD-2-dependent manner. BEP-CE induced TLR4/MD-2 binding and TLR4 dimerization, phosphorylation of SYK, ERK1/2, JNK and c-Jun, cell spreading and uptake of dextran and native LDL by macrophages. The enhanced macropinocytosis resulted in intracellular lipid accumulation and macrophage foam cell formation. Bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from TLR4 and SYK knockout mice did not respond to BEP-CE. The presence of BEP-CE was demonstrated in human plasma and in the human plaque material captured in distal protection devices during percutaneous intervention. Our results suggest that BEP-CE is an endogenous ligand that activates the TLR4/SYK signaling pathway. Because BEP-CE is present in human plasma and human atherosclerotic lesions, BEP-CE-induced and TLR4/SYK-mediated macrophage responses may contribute to chronic inflammation in human atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aaron Armando
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Darren Dumlao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Felicidad Almazan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Angela M. Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Dennis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph L. Witztum
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yury I. Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jaipersad AS, Shantsila E, Blann A, Lip GYH. The effect of statin therapy withdrawal on monocyte subsets. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:1307-13. [PMID: 24134608 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three functionally distinct monocyte subsets have been identified. Statins are of undoubted effect in atherosclerosis and have numerous pleiotropic effects that contribute to their clinical success, but the effect of these drugs on monocyte subsets is unclear. We hypothesised a beneficial effect of statins on key receptor expression by monocyte subsets. MATERIAL AND METHODS Effects of temporal (2 weeks) cessation of statin therapy by 66 patients with stable coronary artery disease on monocyte subsets [CD14++CD16-CCR2+ (Mon1), CD14++CD16+CCR2+ (Mon2) and CD14+CD16++CCR2- (Mon3)], their aggregates with platelets and their expression of a number of receptors involved in inflammation (IL-6 receptor), adhesion [vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)], angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and repair were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Statin cessation did not lead to any significant changes in absolute numbers of monocyte subsets or the degree of their aggregation with platelets. All monocyte subsets showed significant downregulation of expression of vascular endothelial factor receptor 2, Tie2 and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4; all changes P < 0·01). Expression of CXCR4 was only reduced in Mon1 cells (P = 0·013). There was no significant change in the expression of CD14, CD16, CCR4, IL6 receptor and VCAM (all P = NS). CONCLUSIONS Statin withdrawal does not affect counts of any of monocyte subsets, but leads to downregulation of expression of TLR4 and receptors related to angiogenesis on all subsets, as well as a decrease in density of CXCR4 expression on 'classical' Mon1. These data provide further support of pleiotropic effects of statins and their effects on monocyte pro-angiogenic and proreparative characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Jaipersad
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Neves AL, Coelho J, Couto L, Leite-Moreira A, Roncon-Albuquerque R. Metabolic endotoxemia: a molecular link between obesity and cardiovascular risk. J Mol Endocrinol 2013; 51:R51-64. [PMID: 23943858 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with significantly increased cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality. Several molecular mechanisms underlying this association have been implied, among which the intestinal barrier has gained a growing interest. In experimental models of obesity, significant alterations in the intestinal barrier lead to increased intestinal permeability, favoring translocation of microbiome-derived lipopolysaccharide to the bloodstream. This has been shown to result in a two- to threefold increase in its serum concentrations, a threshold named 'metabolic endotoxemia' (ME). ME may trigger toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammatory activation, eliciting a chronic low-grade proinflammatory and pro-oxidative stress status, which may result in high CV risk and target-organ damage. In this review, we discuss the potential molecular implications of ME on several CV risk factors, such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress, as well as its potential impact on the development of CV target-organ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Neves
- Departments of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro; 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Joseph PG, Pare G, Ross S, Roberts R, Anand SS. Pharmacogenetics in cardiovascular disease: the challenge of moving from promise to realization: concepts discussed at the Canadian Network and Centre for Trials Internationally Network Conference (CANNeCTIN), June 2009. Clin Cardiol 2013; 37:48-56. [PMID: 24105892 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics in cardiovascular medicine brings the potential for personalized therapeutic strategies that improve efficacy and reduce harm. Studies evaluating the impact of genetic variation on pharmacologic effects have been undertaken for most major cardiovascular drugs, including antithrombotic agents, β-adrenergic receptor blockers, statins, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Across these drug classes, many polymorphisms associated with pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, or surrogate outcomes have been identified. However, their impact on clinical outcomes and their ability to improve clinical practice remains unclear. This review will examine the current clinical evidence supporting pharmacogenetic testing in cardiovascular medicine, provide clinical guidance based on the current evidence, and identify further steps needed to determine the utility of pharmacogenetics in cardiovascular care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip G Joseph
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton
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Pedicino D, Giglio AF, Galiffa VA, Cialdella P, Trotta F, Graziani F, Liuzzo G. Infections, immunity and atherosclerosis: Pathogenic mechanisms and unsolved questions. Int J Cardiol 2013; 166:572-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lin YT, Verma A, Hodgkinson CP. Toll-like receptors and human disease: lessons from single nucleotide polymorphisms. Curr Genomics 2013; 13:633-45. [PMID: 23730203 PMCID: PMC3492803 DOI: 10.2174/138920212803759712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a large group of proteins which recognize various pathogen-associated molecular patterns, are critical for the normal function of the innate immune system. Following their discovery many single nucleotide polymorphisms within TLRs and components of their signaling machinery have been discovered and subsequently implicated in a wide range of human diseases including atherosclerosis, sepsis, asthma, and immunodeficiency. This review discusses the effect of genetic variation on TLR function and how they may precipitate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tzu Lin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center & Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Miller YI, Choi SH, Wiesner P, Bae YS. The SYK side of TLR4: signalling mechanisms in response to LPS and minimally oxidized LDL. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 167:990-9. [PMID: 22776094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is the best known for its involvement in immune receptor signalling, mediated by binding of SYK tandem Src-homology 2 domains to tandem phosphotyrosine in immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). ITAM adaptors or ITAM-containing receptor tails mediate signalling from B- and T-cell receptors, Fc receptors and many C-type lectins, including dectin-1. Recent data point to constitutive binding of SYK to the cytoplasmic domain of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). This SYK-TLR4 binding increases upon TLR4 dimerization and phosphorylation, and SYK plays a prominent role in TLR4 signalling in response to LPS in neutrophils and monocytes. SYK also plays an important role in TLR4-mediated macrophage responses to minimally oxidized low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL), which is a form of oxidized LDL relevant to development of human atherosclerosis. Interestingly, mmLDL-induced effects in macrophages, which occur via TLR4, are predominantly MyD88 independent. This unmasks the role of the SYK branch of TLR4 signalling, which mediates modest cytokine release via activation of AP-1 transcription and robust reactive oxygen species generation and cytoskeletal rearrangements. The latter results in extensive membrane ruffling and macropinocytosis, leading to lipoprotein uptake and foam cell formation, a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesions. Because inhibitors of SYK activity, such as fostamatinib, are in advanced clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases, understanding the role of SYK in signalling via TLR4 is of immediate importance. This signalling pathway seems to be particularly important in TLR4 activation by host-derived, damage-associated molecular pattern ligands, such as mmLDL, relevant to development of atherosclerosis and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury I Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Chatzidimitriou D, Kirmizis D, Gavriilaki E, Chatzidimitriou M, Malisiovas N. Atherosclerosis and infection: is the jury still not in? Future Microbiol 2013; 7:1217-30. [PMID: 23030426 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.12.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process accounting for increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. A wealth of recent data has implicated several infectious agents, mainly Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, CMV and periodontal pathogens, in atherosclerosis. Thus, we sought to comprehensively review the available data on the topic, exploring in particular the pathogenetic mechanisms, and discuss anticipated future directions.
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Moutzouri E, Tellis CC, Rousouli K, Liberopoulos EN, Milionis HJ, Elisaf MS, Tselepis AD. Effect of simvastatin or its combination with ezetimibe on Toll-like receptor expression and lipopolysaccharide – Induced cytokine production in monocytes of hypercholesterolemic patients. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:381-7. [PMID: 23062767 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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CD14 and IL6 polymorphisms are associated with a pro-atherogenic profile in young adults with acute myocardial infarction. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2012; 36:332-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-012-0841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Bustamante J, Tamayo E, Herreros J. Genomics in cardiovascular diseases: analysis of the importance of the toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Int J Gen Med 2012. [PMID: 23204853 PMCID: PMC3508562 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s33416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of techniques for genomics study makes it possible for us to further our knowledge about the physiopathology of various immunological or infectious diseases. These techniques improve our understanding of the development and evolution of such diseases, including those of cardiovascular origin, whilst they help to bring about the design of new therapeutic strategies. We are reviewing the genetic alterations of immunity in said field, and focusing on the signaling pathway of toll-like receptors because not only does this play a decisive role in response to microorganisms, it is also heavily involved in modulating the inflammatory response to tissue damage, a side effect of numerous cardiovascular diseases. These alterations in tissue homeostasis are present under a wide range of circumstances, such as reperfusion ischemia (myocardial infarction) phenomena, arteriosclerosis, or valvulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bustamante
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid
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Frequency of TLR 2, 4, and 9 gene polymorphisms in Chinese population and their susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:373945. [PMID: 23091345 PMCID: PMC3469311 DOI: 10.1155/2012/373945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal components of the innate immune response. Activation of the innate immune system and subsequent chronic low-grade inflammation are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. In the study, we genotyped TLRs gene polymorphisms, including TLR2 Arg677Trp and Arg753Gln, TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile, TLR9-1486T/C and -1237T/C. The frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotype of TLR9-1486T/C mutation were 39.6%, 45.8% and 14.6%, respectively; the frequencies of T allele and C allele were 62.5% and 37.5%. However, neither of these parameters was statistically significant among study groups. In addition, we were surprised to find that the commonly reported TLR SNPs in the Western countries, like TLR2 Arg677Trp or Arg753Gln, TLR4 Asp299Gly or Thr399Ile and TLR9-1237T/C, were not polymorphic at all in all study subjects. In conclusion, our data suggests that TLR2 Arg677Trp or Arg753Gln, TLR4 Asp299Gly or Thr399Ile and TLR9-1237T/C polymorphisms have low frequency and TLR9-1486T/C polymorphism may not be a suitable marker in predicting the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes or coronary artery disease in the Chinese Han population.
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Kertai MD, Fontes M, Podgoreanu MV. Pharmacogenomics of β-blockers and statins: possible implications for perioperative cardiac complications. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2012; 26:1101-14. [PMID: 22889606 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miklos D Kertai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Zhang K, Zhang L, Zhou B, Wang Y, Song Y, Rao L, Zhang L. Lack of association between TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism and atherosclerosis: evidence from meta-analysis. Thromb Res 2012; 130:e203-8. [PMID: 22857799 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression was found to increase markedly in human atherosclerotic lesions, notably on macrophages and endothelial cells. TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism was associated with a blunted receptor activity and a subsequently diminished inflammatory response, and may subsequently reduce atherosclerosis (AS) risk. However, the results of molecular epidemiological studies remained inconsistent. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed, CNKI databases were searched for all articles available. The OR corresponding to the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to assess the association between TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism and risk of AS. RESULTS 15 case-control studies with 9,989 cases and 6,746 controls were available for this analysis. For control subjects, G allele frequency of TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism was ranging from 0.045 to 0.085. The G allele and the AG/GG genotypes were not associated with significantly risk of AS (OR=1.02, 95% CI=0.83 - 1.26 for G versus A and OR=0.96, 95% CI=0.80 - 1.15 for AG/GG versus AA, respectively) by random effects model. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism may not play a role in AS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhang
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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