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Toader C, Eva L, Bratu BG, Covache-Busuioc RA, Costin HP, Dumitrascu DI, Glavan LA, Corlatescu AD, Ciurea AV. Intracranial Aneurysms and Genetics: An Extensive Overview of Genomic Variations, Underlying Molecular Dynamics, Inflammatory Indicators, and Forward-Looking Insights. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1454. [PMID: 37891822 PMCID: PMC10605587 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review initiates by outlining the clinical relevance of IA, underlining the pressing need to comprehend its foundational elements. We delve into the assorted risk factors tied to IA, spotlighting both environmental and genetic influences. Additionally, we illuminate distinct genetic syndromes linked to a pronounced prevalence of intracranial aneurysms, underscoring the pivotal nature of genetics in this ailment's susceptibility. A detailed scrutiny of genome-wide association studies allows us to identify key genomic changes and locations associated with IA risk. We further detail the molecular and physiopathological dynamics instrumental in IA's evolution and escalation, with a focus on inflammation's role in affecting the vascular landscape. Wrapping up, we offer a glimpse into upcoming research directions and the promising horizons of personalized therapeutic strategies in IA intervention, emphasizing the central role of genetic insights. This thorough review solidifies genetics' cardinal role in IA, positioning it as a cornerstone resource for professionals in the realms of neurology and genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Toader
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Eva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dunarea de Jos University, 800010 Galati, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu”, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Horia Petre Costin
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - David-Ioan Dumitrascu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Luca-Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Antonio Daniel Corlatescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
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Differentially Expressed Circular RNA Profile in an Intracranial Aneurysm Group Compared with a Healthy Control Group. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:8889569. [PMID: 33574968 PMCID: PMC7864737 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8889569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a fatal disease owing to vascular rupture and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Much attention has been given to circular RNAs (circRNAs) because they may be potential biomarkers for many diseases, but their mechanism in the formation of IA remains unknown. Methods circRNA expression profile analysis of blood samples was conducted between patients with IA and controls. Overall, 235 differentially expressed circRNAs were confirmed between IA patients and the control group. The reliability of the microarray results was demonstrated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Of 235 differentially expressed genes, 150 were upregulated, while the other 85 were downregulated. Five miRNAs matched to every differential expression of circRNAs, and related MREs were predicted. We performed gene ontology (GO) analysis to identify the functions of their targeted genes, with the terms “Homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules” and “Positive regulation of cellular process” showing the highest fold enrichment. Conclusions This study demonstrated the role of circRNA expression profiling in the formation of IA and revealed that the mTOR pathway can be a latent therapeutic strategy for IA.
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Chromosome X riddle in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) - related lung pathology. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2839-2841. [PMID: 32691391 PMCID: PMC7370877 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Intracranial Aneurysms: Pathology, Genetics, and Molecular Mechanisms. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:325-343. [PMID: 31055715 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (IA) are local dilatations in cerebral arteries that predominantly affect the circle of Willis. Occurring in approximately 2-5% of adults, these weakened areas are susceptible to rupture, leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a type of hemorrhagic stroke. Due to its early age of onset and poor prognosis, SAH accounts for > 25% of years lost for all stroke victims under the age of 65. In this review, we describe the cerebrovascular pathology associated with intracranial aneurysms. To understand IA genetics, we summarize syndromes with elevated incidence, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), whole exome studies on IA-affected families, and recent research that established definitive roles for Thsd1 (Thrombospondin Type 1 Domain Containing Protein 1) and Sox17 (SRY-box 17) in IA using genetically engineered mouse models. Lastly, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms of IA, including defects in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells caused by dysfunction in mechanotransduction, Thsd1/FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase) signaling, and the Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) pathway. As illustrated by THSD1 research, cell adhesion may play a significant role in IA.
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Genomic Variations in Susceptibility to Intracranial Aneurysm in the Korean Population. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020275. [PMID: 30823506 PMCID: PMC6406302 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies found genetic variations with modulatory effects for intracranial aneurysm (IA) formations in European and Japanese populations. We aimed to identify the susceptibility of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to IA in a Korean population consisting of 250 patients, and 294 controls using the Asian-specific Axiom Precision Medicine Research Array. Twenty-nine SNPs reached a genome-wide significance threshold (5 × 10−8). The rs371331393 SNP, with a stop-gain function of ARHGAP32 (11q24.3), showed the most significant association with the risk of IA (OR = 43.57, 95% CI: 21.84–86.95; p = 9.3 × 10−27). Eight out of 29 SNPs—GBA (rs75822236), TCF24 (rs112859779), OLFML2A (rs79134766), ARHGAP32 (rs371331393), CD163L1 (rs138525217), CUL4A (rs74115822), LOC102724084 (rs75861150), and LRRC3 (rs116969723)—demonstrated sufficient statistical power greater than or equal to 0.8. Two previously reported SNPs, rs700651 (BOLL, 2q33.1) and rs6841581 (EDNRA, 4q31.22), were validated in our GWAS (Genome-wide association study). In a subsequent analysis, three SNPs showed a significant difference in expressions: the rs6741819 (RNF144A, 2p25.1) was down-regulated in the adrenal gland tissue (p = 1.5 × 10−6), the rs1052270 (TMOD1. 9q22.33) was up-regulated in the testis tissue (p = 8.6 × 10−10), and rs6841581 (EDNRA, 4q31.22) was up-regulated in both the esophagus (p = 5.2 × 10−12) and skin tissues (1.2 × 10−6). Our GWAS showed novel candidate genes with Korean-specific variations in IA formations. Large population based studies are thus warranted.
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Zhou S, Dion PA, Rouleau GA. Genetics of Intracranial Aneurysms. Stroke 2018; 49:780-787. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.018152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Zhou
- From the Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital (S.Z., P.A.D., G.A.R.) and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.A.D., G.A.R.), McGill University, Québec, Canada; and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada (S.Z.)
| | - Patrick A. Dion
- From the Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital (S.Z., P.A.D., G.A.R.) and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.A.D., G.A.R.), McGill University, Québec, Canada; and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada (S.Z.)
| | - Guy A. Rouleau
- From the Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital (S.Z., P.A.D., G.A.R.) and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.A.D., G.A.R.), McGill University, Québec, Canada; and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada (S.Z.)
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Suvatha A, Kandi SM, Bhat DI, Rao N, Vazhayil V, Kasturirangan CG. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and the risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a South Indian population. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2017; 22:25. [PMID: 29213291 PMCID: PMC5708094 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-017-0059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rupture of a brain aneurysm causes bleeding in the subarachnoid space. This is known as aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We evaluated the association of apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism and the risk of aSAH in a South Indian population. Methods The study was performed on 200 subjects with aSAH and 253 healthy control subjects. Blood samples (5 ml) were used to isolate DNA and genotyping was performed for rs7412 and rs429358 using a Taqman allelic discrimination assay. Statistical software R.3.0.11 was used to statistically analyze the data and a p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results We found a significant association with the risk of aSAH in ε3/ ε4 genetic model (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.16-3.14, p = 0.01). However, in the other genetic models and allele frequency, there was no significant association with the risk of aSAH. In subtyping, we found a significant association of ε2 allele frequency with posterior communicating artery (PCOM) aneurysm (OR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.11-11.64, p = 0.03). Conclusion Our results suggest that APOE polymorphism has an influence on the risk of aSAH in this South Indian population, specifically in the PCOM subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati Suvatha
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Sibin Madathan Kandi
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Dhananjaya Ishwara Bhat
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029 India
| | - Narasinga Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029 India
| | - Vikas Vazhayil
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029 India
| | - Chetan Ghati Kasturirangan
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029 India
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Hitchcock E, Gibson WT. A Review of the Genetics of Intracranial Berry Aneurysms and Implications for Genetic Counseling. J Genet Couns 2017; 26:21-31. [PMID: 27743245 PMCID: PMC5258806 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-016-0029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Here we review the current understanding of the genetic architecture of intracranial berry aneurysms (IBA) to aid in the genetic counseling of patients at risk for this condition. The familial subtype of IBA, familial intracranial aneurysms (FIA), is associated with increased frequency of IBA, increased risk of rupture, and increased morbidity and mortality after rupture. Family history is the strongest predictor for the development of IBA. However, a genetic test is not yet available to assess risk within a family. Studies using linkage analysis, genome-wide association, and next-generation sequencing have found several candidate loci and genes associated with disease onset, but have not conclusively implicated a single gene. In addition to family history, a separate or concurrent diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is a strong genetic risk factor for IBA formation. We also discuss the relative risk for developing IBA in several Mendelian syndromes including vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Neurofibromatosis Type I, and Loeys-Dietz syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hitchcock
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - William T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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The Genetics of Intracranial Aneurysms. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-017-0111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Wang BG, Wu Y, Qiu L, Shah NP, Xu F, Wei H. Integration of genomic and proteomic data to identify candidate genes in HT-29 cells after incubation with Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 29521. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:6874-6888. [PMID: 27372578 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As the predominant group inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract, bifidobacteria play a vital role in human nutrition, therapeutics, and health by shaping and maintaining the gut ecosystem, reducing blood cholesterol, and promoting the supply of nutrients. The interaction between bacterial cells and human intestinal epithelial cell lines has been studied for decades in an attempt to understand the mechanisms of action. These studies, however, have been limited by lack of genomic and proteomic database to aid in achieving comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms at molecular levels. Microarray data (GSE: 74119) coupled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) were performed to detect differentially expressed genes and proteins in HT-29 cells after incubation with Bifidobacterium bifidum. Real-time quantitative PCR, gene ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were further conducted for mRNA validation, functional annotation, and pathway identification, respectively. According to the results of microarray, 1,717 differentially expressed genes, including 1,693 upregulated and 24 downregulated genes, were selected and classified by the gene ontology database. The iTRAQ analysis identified 43 differentially expressed proteins, where 29 proteins were upregulated and 14 proteins were downregulated. Eighty-two candidate genes showing consistent differences with microarray and iTRAQ were further validated in HT-29 and Caco-2 cells by real-time quantitative PCR. Nine of the top genes showing interesting results with high confidence were further investigated in vivo in mice intestine samples. Integration of genomic and proteomic data provides an approach to identify candidate genes that are more likely to function in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, positive regulation of apoptosis, membrane proteins, and transferase catalysis. These findings might contribute to our understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating the interaction between probiotics and intestinal epithelial cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Gui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
| | - Yaoping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
| | - Liang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P.R. China
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China.
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Arati S, Sibin MK, Bhat DI, Narasingarao KVL, Chetan GK. Polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: A meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2016; 9:151-8. [PMID: 27408823 PMCID: PMC4925774 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is characterised by bleeding in the subarachnoid space in the brain. There are various polymorphisms in genes which are associated with this disease. We performed a systematic meta- analysis to investigate the relationship of APOE polymorphism on aSAH. A comprehensive literature search was done in the Pubmed database, Science Direct, Cochrane library and Google Scholar. The OR and 95% CI were evaluated for the gene and aSAH association using fixed and random effect models. Publication bias was assessed using Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression test. All statistical evaluations were done using the software Review Manager 5.0 and Comprehensive Meta Analysis v2.2.023. A total of 9 studies were assessed on APOE polymorphism (1100 Cases, 2732 Control). Meta analysis results showed significant association in ε2/ ε2 versus ε3/ε3, ε2 versus ε3 genetic models and ε2 allele frequency. In subgroup analysis statistically significant association was observed in Asians in the genetic models ε2/ ε2 versus ε3/ε3, ε2/ε3 versus ε3/ε3, ε2 versus ε3 and also in ε2 allele frequency. However, in Caucasian population only ε2/ε2 versus ε3/ε3 genetic model showed significant association between APOE and risk of aSAH. In this meta-analysis study, the ε2/ε2 genotype is associated with increased risk of aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arati
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - M K Sibin
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Dhananjaya I Bhat
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - K V L Narasingarao
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - G K Chetan
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India
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Hussain S, Barbarite E, Chaudhry NS, Gupta K, Dellarole A, Peterson EC, Elhammady MS. Search for Biomarkers of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 2015; 84:1473-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Thompson BG, Brown RD, Amin-Hanjani S, Broderick JP, Cockroft KM, Connolly ES, Duckwiler GR, Harris CC, Howard VJ, Johnston SCC, Meyers PM, Molyneux A, Ogilvy CS, Ringer AJ, Torner J. Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2015; 46:2368-400. [PMID: 26089327 DOI: 10.1161/str.0000000000000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 599] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this updated statement is to provide comprehensive and evidence-based recommendations for management of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms. METHODS Writing group members used systematic literature reviews from January 1977 up to June 2014. They also reviewed contemporary published evidence-based guidelines, personal files, and published expert opinion to summarize existing evidence, indicate gaps in current knowledge, and when appropriate, formulated recommendations using standard American Heart Association criteria. The guideline underwent extensive peer review, including review by the Stroke Council Leadership and Stroke Scientific Statement Oversight Committees, before consideration and approval by the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee. RESULTS Evidence-based guidelines are presented for the care of patients presenting with unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The guidelines address presentation, natural history, epidemiology, risk factors, screening, diagnosis, imaging and outcomes from surgical and endovascular treatment.
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Kataoka H. Molecular mechanisms of the formation and progression of intracranial aneurysms. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2015; 55:214-29. [PMID: 25761423 PMCID: PMC4533330 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2014-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, only a little was understood about molecular mechanisms of the development of an intracranial aneurysm (IA). Recent advancements over the last decade in the field of genetics and molecular biology have provided us a wide variety of evidences supporting the notion that chronic inflammation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of IA development. In the field of genetics, large-scale Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has identified some IA susceptible loci and genes related to cell cycle and endothelial function. Researches in molecular biology using human samples and animal models have revealed the common pathway of the initiation, progression, and rupture of IAs. IA formation begins with endothelial dysfunction followed by pathological remodeling with degenerative changes of vascular walls. Medical treatments inhibiting inflammatory cascades in IA development are likely to prevent IA progression and rupture. Statins and aspirin are expected to suppress IA progression by their anti-inflammatory effects. Decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) inhibiting inflammatory transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and Ets-1 are the other promising choice of the prevention of IA development. Further clarification of molecular mechanisms of the formation and progression of IAs will shed light to the pathogenesis of IA development and provide insight into novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for IAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroharu Kataoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
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Bourcier R, Redon R, Desal H. Genetic investigations on intracranial aneurysm: update and perspectives. J Neuroradiol 2015; 42:67-71. [PMID: 25676693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Detection of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a common finding in MRI practice. Nowadays, the incidence of unruptured IA seems to be increasing with the continuous evolution of imaging techniques. Important modifiable risk factors for SAH are well defined, but familial history of IA is the best risk marker for the presence of IA. Numerous heritable conditions are associated with IA formation but these syndromes account for less than 1% of all IAs in the population. No diagnostic test based on genetic knowledge is currently available to identify theses mutations and patients who are at higher risk for developing IAs. In the longer term, a more comprehensive understanding of independent and interdependent molecular pathways germane to IA formation and rupture may guide the physician in developing targeted therapies and optimizing prognostic risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Bourcier
- Department of neuroradiology, CHU Nantes, boulevard J.-Monod, 44000 Nantes, France; 1087 Inserm unit, institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Richard Redon
- 1087 Inserm unit, institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Hubert Desal
- Department of neuroradiology, CHU Nantes, boulevard J.-Monod, 44000 Nantes, France; 1087 Inserm unit, institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
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Yan J, Hitomi T, Takenaka K, Kato M, Kobayashi H, Okuda H, Harada KH, Koizumi A. Genetic study of intracranial aneurysms. Stroke 2015; 46:620-6. [PMID: 25649796 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.007286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) causes subarachnoid hemorrhage, leading to immediate death or severe disability. Identification of the genetic factors involved is critical for disease prevention and treatment. We aimed to identify the susceptibility genes for IAs. METHODS Exome sequencing was performed in 12 families with histories of multiple cases of IA (number of cases per family ≥3), with a total of 42 cases. Various filtering strategies were used to select the candidate variants. Replicate association studies of several candidate variants were performed in probands of 24 additional IA families and 426 sporadic IA cases. Functional analysis for the mutations was conducted. RESULTS After sequencing and filtering, 78 variants were selected for the following reasons: allele frequencies of variants in 42 patients was significantly (P<0.05) larger than expected; variants were completely shared by all patients with IA within ≥1 family; variants predicted damage to the structure or function of the protein by PolyPhen-2 (Polymorphism Phenotyping V2) and SIFT (Sorting Intolerance From Tolerant). We selected 10 variants from 9 genes (GPR63, ADAMST15, MLL2, IL10RA, PAFAH2, THBD, IL11RA, FILIP1L, and ZNF222) to form 78 candidate variants by considering commonness in families, known disease genes, or ontology association with angiogenesis. Replicate association studies revealed that only p.E133Q in ADAMTS15 was aggregated in the familial IA cases (odds ratio, 5.96; 95% confidence interval, 2.40-14.82; P=0.0001; significant after the Bonferroni correction [P=0.05/78=0.0006]). Silencing ADAMTS15 and overexpression of ADAMTS15 p.E133Q accelerated endothelial cell migration, suggesting that ADAMTS15 may have antiangiogenic activity. CONCLUSIONS ADAMTS15 is a candidate gene for IAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Yan
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China (J.Y.); Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (J.Y., H.K., H.O., T.H., K.H.H, A.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Takayama Red Cross Hospital, Takayama, Japan (K.T., M.K.)
| | - Toshiaki Hitomi
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China (J.Y.); Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (J.Y., H.K., H.O., T.H., K.H.H, A.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Takayama Red Cross Hospital, Takayama, Japan (K.T., M.K.)
| | - Katsunobu Takenaka
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China (J.Y.); Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (J.Y., H.K., H.O., T.H., K.H.H, A.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Takayama Red Cross Hospital, Takayama, Japan (K.T., M.K.)
| | - Masayasu Kato
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China (J.Y.); Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (J.Y., H.K., H.O., T.H., K.H.H, A.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Takayama Red Cross Hospital, Takayama, Japan (K.T., M.K.)
| | - Hatasu Kobayashi
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China (J.Y.); Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (J.Y., H.K., H.O., T.H., K.H.H, A.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Takayama Red Cross Hospital, Takayama, Japan (K.T., M.K.)
| | - Hiroko Okuda
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China (J.Y.); Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (J.Y., H.K., H.O., T.H., K.H.H, A.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Takayama Red Cross Hospital, Takayama, Japan (K.T., M.K.)
| | - Kouji H Harada
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China (J.Y.); Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (J.Y., H.K., H.O., T.H., K.H.H, A.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Takayama Red Cross Hospital, Takayama, Japan (K.T., M.K.)
| | - Akio Koizumi
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China (J.Y.); Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (J.Y., H.K., H.O., T.H., K.H.H, A.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Takayama Red Cross Hospital, Takayama, Japan (K.T., M.K.).
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Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms, also called cerebral aneurysms, are dilatations in the arteries that supply blood to the brain. Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm leads to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which is fatal in about 50% of the cases. Intracranial aneurysms can be repaired surgically or endovascularly, or by combining these two treatment modalities. They are relatively common with an estimated prevalence of unruptured aneurysms of 2%-6% in the adult population, and are considered a complex disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Known risk factors include smoking, hypertension, increasing age, and positive family history for intracranial aneurysms. Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms is complex. Genome-wide approaches such as DNA linkage and genetic association studies, as well as microarray-based mRNA expression studies, provide unbiased approaches to identify genetic risk factors and dissecting the molecular pathobiology of intracranial aneurysms. The ultimate goal of these studies is to use the information in clinical practice to predict an individual's risk for developing an aneurysm or monitor its growth or rupture risk. Another important goal is to design new therapies based on the information on mechanisms of disease processes to prevent the development or halt the progression of intracranial aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Tromp
- The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System , Danville, Pennsylvania , USA
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19
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Kataoka H, Aoki T. Molecular basis for the development of intracranial aneurysm. Expert Rev Neurother 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Suo M, Lin Y, Yu H, Song W, Sun K, Song Y, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Pang Q, Hui R, Chen J. Association of Kallikrein gene polymorphisms with sporadic intracranial aneurysms in the Chinese population. J Neurosurg 2014; 120:1397-401. [PMID: 24405067 DOI: 10.3171/2013.11.jns131036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Variants of Kallikreins have been shown to be risk factors for intracranial aneurysm (IA) in a Finnish population. In the present study, the authors investigated the correlation between polymorphisms in the Kallikrein gene cluster and IAs in the Chinese population. METHODS The association of Kallikrein variants (rs1722561 and rs1701946) with sporadic IAs was tested in 308 cases and 443 controls. The differences in allelic frequencies between patients and the control group were evaluated with the chi-square test. RESULTS The C allele of rs1722561 showed a significant reduction in the risk of sporadic IA (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53-0.95; p = 0.023). However, no association of the variant rs1701946 with sporadic IA was found (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.57-1.06; p = 0.115). CONCLUSIONS The variant rs1722561 of Kallikreins might reduce the risk of sporadic IAs among individuals of Chinese Han ethnicity. This study confirms the association between Kallikreins and IAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Suo
- Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
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21
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Francis SE, Tu J, Qian Y, Avolio AP. A combination of genetic, molecular and haemodynamic risk factors contributes to the formation, enlargement and rupture of brain aneurysms. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20:912-8. [PMID: 23726520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many people carry cerebral aneurysms but are generally unaware of their presence until they rupture, resulting in high morbidity or mortality. The pathogenesis and aetiology of aneurysms are largely unknown; however, a greater understanding, by analysing the genetic, molecular and haemodynamic risk factors involved in the initiation, enlargement, and rupture of aneurysms, could lead to effective prevention, early diagnosis and more effective treatment. The risk of aneurysm is increased by a family history of aneurysms, and amongst certain populations, namely in Japan and Finland. Several other risk factors are documented, including hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, and female sex. Studies indicate a higher occurrence of cerebral aneurysms in females compared to males. Oestrogen protects several components within the artery wall, and inhibits some of the inflammatory molecules that could cause aneurysms. At menopause, the oestrogen level decreases and the incidence of aneurysm increases. Haemodynamic stresses have been shown to be involved in the formation, growth and rupture of aneurysms. This is often associated with hypertension, which also increases the risk of aneurysm rupture. When an unruptured aneurysm is detected the decision to treat can be complicated, since only 1-2% of aneurysms eventually rupture. Haemodynamic simulation software offers an effective tool for the consideration of treatment options for patients who carry unruptured aneurysms. The assessment must consider the risks of interventional treatments versus non-interventional management options, such as controlling blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila E Francis
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, 75 Talavera Road, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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22
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Luukkonen TM, Pöyhönen M, Palotie A, Ellonen P, Lagström S, Lee JH, Terwilliger JD, Salonen R, Varilo T. A balanced translocation truncates Neurotrimin in a family with intracranial and thoracic aortic aneurysm. J Med Genet 2013; 49:621-9. [PMID: 23054244 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balanced chromosomal rearrangements occasionally have strong phenotypic effects, which may be useful in understanding pathobiology. However, conventional strategies for characterising breakpoints are laborious and inaccurate. We present here a proband with a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and a balanced translocation t(10;11) (q23.2;q24.2). Our purpose was to sequence the chromosomal breaks in this family to reveal a novel candidate gene for aneurysm. METHODS AND RESULTS Intracranial aneurysm (IA) and TAAs appear to run in the family in an autosomal dominant manner: After exploring the family history, we observed that the proband's two siblings both died from cerebral haemorrhage, and the proband's parent and parent's sibling died from aortic rupture. After application of a genome-wide paired-end DNA sequencing method for breakpoint mapping, we demonstrate that this translocation breaks intron 1 of a splicing isoform of Neurotrimin at 11q25 in a previously implicated candidate region for IAs and AAs (OMIM 612161). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the feasibility of genome-wide paired-end sequencing for the characterisation of balanced rearrangements and identification of candidate genes in patients with potentially disease-associated chromosome rearrangements. The family samples were gathered as a part of our recently launched National Registry of Reciprocal Balanced Translocations and Inversions in Finland (n=2575), and we believe that such a registry will be a powerful resource for the localisation of chromosomal aberrations, which can bring insight into the aetiology of related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia M Luukkonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Low SK, Takahashi A, Cha PC, Zembutsu H, Kamatani N, Kubo M, Nakamura Y. Genome-wide association study for intracranial aneurysm in the Japanese population identifies three candidate susceptible loci and a functional genetic variant at EDNRA. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:2102-10. [PMID: 22286173 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is the most serious subtype of stroke. Genetic factors have been known to play an important role in the development of intracranial aneurysm (IA), some of which further progress to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify common genetic variants that are associated with the risk of IA, using 1383 aSAH subjects and 5484 control individuals in the Japanese population. We selected 36 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that showed suggestive association (P <1 × 10(-4)) in the GWAS as well as additional 7 SNPs that were previously reported to be associated with IA, and further genotyped an additional set of 1048 IA cases and 7212 controls. We identified an SNP, rs6842241, near EDNRA at chromosome 4q31.22 (combined P-value = 9.58 × 10(-9); odds ratio = 1.25), which was found to be significantly associated with IA. Additionally, we successfully replicated and validated rs10757272 on CDKN2BAS at chromosome 9p21.3 (combined P-value = 1.55 × 10(-7); odds ratio = 1.21) to be significantly associated with IA as previously reported. Furthermore, we performed functional analysis with the associated genetic variants on EDNRA, and identified two alleles of rs6841581 that have different binding affinities to a nuclear protein(s). The transcriptional activity of the susceptible allele of this variant was significantly lower than the other, suggesting that this functional variant might affect the expression of EDNRA and subsequently result in the IA susceptibility. Identification of genetic variants on EDNRA is of clinical significance probably due to its role in vessel hemodynamic stress. Our findings should contribute to a better understanding of physiopathology of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew-Kee Low
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Huttunen T, Riihinen A, Pukkala E, von und zu Fraunberg M, Koivisto T, Ronkainen A, Rinne J, Hernesniemi J, Sankila R, Jääskeläinen JE. Increased Relative Risk of Lung Cancer in 2,904 Patients with Saccular Intracranial Aneurysm Disease in Eastern Finland. Neuroepidemiology 2012; 38:93-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000335041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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A Commentary on Identification of an autosomal dominant locus for intracranial aneurysm through a model-based family collection in a geographically limited area. J Hum Genet 2011; 56:477. [PMID: 21633366 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2011.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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de la Cuesta F, Alvarez-Llamas G, Maroto AS, Donado A, Zubiri I, Posada M, Padial LR, Pinto AG, Barderas MG, Vivanco F. A proteomic focus on the alterations occurring at the human atherosclerotic coronary intima. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M110.003517. [PMID: 21248247 PMCID: PMC3069343 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.003517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis still represents the major cause of mortality in western societies. Initiation of atherosclerosis occurs within the intima, where major histological and molecular changes are produced during pathogenesis. So far, proteomic analysis of the atherome plaque has been mainly tackled by the analysis of the entire tissue, which may be a challenging approach because of the great complexity of this sample in terms of layers and cell type composition. Based on this, we aimed to study the intimal proteome from the human atherosclerotic coronary artery. For this purpose, we analyzed the intimal layer from human atherosclerotic coronaries, which were isolated by laser microdissection, and compared with those from preatherosclerotic coronary and radial arteries, using a two-dimensional Differential-In-Gel-Electrophoresis (DIGE) approach. Results have pointed out 13 proteins to be altered (seven up-regulated and six down-regulated), which are implicated in the migrative capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix composition, coagulation, apoptosis, heat shock response, and intraplaque hemorrhage deposition. Among these, three proteins (annexin 4, myosin regulatory light 2, smooth muscle isoform, and ferritin light chain) constitute novel atherosclerotic coronary intima proteins, because they were not previously identified at this human coronary layer. For this reason, these novel proteins were validated by immunohistochemistry, together with hemoglobin and vimentin, in an independent cohort of arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aroa S. Maroto
- From the ‡Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Donado
- §Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Zubiri
- From the ‡Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Posada
- From the ‡Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis R. Padial
- ¶Department of Cardiology, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | - Angel G. Pinto
- §Cardiac Surgery Unit, Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria G. Barderas
- ‖Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Fernando Vivanco
- From the ‡Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
- **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Shoja MM, Agutter PS, Tubbs RS, Payner TD, Ghabili K, Cohen-Gadol AA. The role of the renin—angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2011; 12:262-73. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320310387845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent work has begun to elucidate the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms (IA) and has shown that many genes are involved in the risk for this condition. There has also been increasing research interest in the renin—angiotensin system (RAS) in the brain and its involvement in a range of cardiovascular and neurological disorders. The possibility that the RAS is implicated in the pathogenesis of IA merits further investigation. The aim of this article is to review the literature on the pathogenesis of IA and the pathophysiological significance of the brain RAS, and to identify directions for research into their association. Methods and results : A survey of the literature in these fields shows that although factors contributing to systemic hypertension predispose to IA, a large number of genes involved in endothelial cell adhesion, smooth muscle activity, extracellular matrix dynamics and the inflammatory and immune responses are also implicated. The brain RAS has a significant role in regulating blood pressure and in maintaining cerebrovascular autoregulation, but angiotensin II receptors are also involved in the maintenance of endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle function and in the inflammatory response in the brain. Conclusions: There is strong, albeit largely circumstantial, evidence in the literature for a relationship between the brain RAS and the formation of IA. Research on the association between polymorphisms in RAS-related genes and the incidence of unruptured and ruptured IA is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali M Shoja
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Paul S Agutter
- Theoretical Medicine and Biology Group, Glossop, Derbyshire, UK
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Troy D Payner
- Clarian Neuroscience Institute, Indianapolis Neurosurgical Group and Indiana University Department of Neurosurgery, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Kamyar Ghabili
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aaron A Cohen-Gadol
- Clarian Neuroscience Institute, Indianapolis Neurosurgical Group and Indiana University Department of Neurosurgery, Indianapolis, USA,
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Lillvis JH, Kyo Y, Tromp G, Lenk GM, Li M, Lu Q, Igo RP, Sakalihasan N, Ferrell RE, Schworer CM, Gatalica Z, Land S, Kuivaniemi H. Analysis of positional candidate genes in the AAA1 susceptibility locus for abdominal aortic aneurysms on chromosome 19. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:14. [PMID: 21247474 PMCID: PMC3037298 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex disorder with multiple genetic risk factors. Using affected relative pair linkage analysis, we previously identified an AAA susceptibility locus on chromosome 19q13. This locus has been designated as the AAA1 susceptibility locus in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. METHODS Nine candidate genes were selected from the AAA1 locus based on their function, as well as mRNA expression levels in the aorta. A sample of 394 cases and 419 controls was genotyped for 41 SNPs located in or around the selected nine candidate genes using the Illumina GoldenGate platform. Single marker and haplotype analyses were performed. Three genes (CEBPG, PEPD and CD22) were selected for DNA sequencing based on the association study results, and exonic regions were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining of aortic tissue sections from AAA and control individuals was carried out for the CD22 and PEPD proteins with specific antibodies. RESULTS Several SNPs were nominally associated with AAA (p < 0.05). The SNPs with most significant p-values were located near the CCAAT enhancer binding protein (CEBPG), peptidase D (PEPD), and CD22. Haplotype analysis found a nominally associated 5-SNP haplotype in the CEBPG/PEPD locus, as well as a nominally associated 2-SNP haplotype in the CD22 locus. DNA sequencing of the coding regions revealed no variation in CEBPG. Seven sequence variants were identified in PEPD, including three not present in the NCBI SNP (dbSNP) database. Sequencing of all 14 exons of CD22 identified 20 sequence variants, five of which were in the coding region and six were in the 3'-untranslated region. Five variants were not present in dbSNP. Immunohistochemical staining for CD22 revealed protein expression in lymphocytes present in the aneurysmal aortic wall only and no detectable expression in control aorta. PEPD protein was expressed in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the media-adventitia border in both aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS Association testing of the functional positional candidate genes on the AAA1 locus on chromosome 19q13 demonstrated nominal association in three genes. PEPD and CD22 were considered the most promising candidate genes for altering AAA risk, based on gene function, association evidence, gene expression, and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Lillvis
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Ruigrok Y, Klijn CJ. Genetics of Aneurysms and Arteriovenous Malformations. Stroke 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-5478-8.10066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Hashikata H, Liu W, Inoue K, Mineharu Y, Yamada S, Nanayakkara S, Matsuura N, Hitomi T, Takagi Y, Hashimoto N, Miyamoto S, Koizumi A. Confirmation of an Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs1333040 on 9p21 With Familial and Sporadic Intracranial Aneurysms in Japanese Patients. Stroke 2010; 41:1138-44. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.109.576694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokuni Hashikata
- From the Departments of Health and Environmental Sciences (H.H., W.L., K.I., S.N., N.M., T.H., A.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., Y.M., Y.T., S.M.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto; Shiga Medical Center for Adults (S.Y.), Shiga; and National Cardiovascular Center (N.H.), Osaka, Japan
| | - Wanyang Liu
- From the Departments of Health and Environmental Sciences (H.H., W.L., K.I., S.N., N.M., T.H., A.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., Y.M., Y.T., S.M.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto; Shiga Medical Center for Adults (S.Y.), Shiga; and National Cardiovascular Center (N.H.), Osaka, Japan
| | - Kayoko Inoue
- From the Departments of Health and Environmental Sciences (H.H., W.L., K.I., S.N., N.M., T.H., A.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., Y.M., Y.T., S.M.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto; Shiga Medical Center for Adults (S.Y.), Shiga; and National Cardiovascular Center (N.H.), Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Mineharu
- From the Departments of Health and Environmental Sciences (H.H., W.L., K.I., S.N., N.M., T.H., A.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., Y.M., Y.T., S.M.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto; Shiga Medical Center for Adults (S.Y.), Shiga; and National Cardiovascular Center (N.H.), Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yamada
- From the Departments of Health and Environmental Sciences (H.H., W.L., K.I., S.N., N.M., T.H., A.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., Y.M., Y.T., S.M.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto; Shiga Medical Center for Adults (S.Y.), Shiga; and National Cardiovascular Center (N.H.), Osaka, Japan
| | - Shanika Nanayakkara
- From the Departments of Health and Environmental Sciences (H.H., W.L., K.I., S.N., N.M., T.H., A.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., Y.M., Y.T., S.M.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto; Shiga Medical Center for Adults (S.Y.), Shiga; and National Cardiovascular Center (N.H.), Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Matsuura
- From the Departments of Health and Environmental Sciences (H.H., W.L., K.I., S.N., N.M., T.H., A.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., Y.M., Y.T., S.M.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto; Shiga Medical Center for Adults (S.Y.), Shiga; and National Cardiovascular Center (N.H.), Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hitomi
- From the Departments of Health and Environmental Sciences (H.H., W.L., K.I., S.N., N.M., T.H., A.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., Y.M., Y.T., S.M.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto; Shiga Medical Center for Adults (S.Y.), Shiga; and National Cardiovascular Center (N.H.), Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takagi
- From the Departments of Health and Environmental Sciences (H.H., W.L., K.I., S.N., N.M., T.H., A.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., Y.M., Y.T., S.M.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto; Shiga Medical Center for Adults (S.Y.), Shiga; and National Cardiovascular Center (N.H.), Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuo Hashimoto
- From the Departments of Health and Environmental Sciences (H.H., W.L., K.I., S.N., N.M., T.H., A.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., Y.M., Y.T., S.M.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto; Shiga Medical Center for Adults (S.Y.), Shiga; and National Cardiovascular Center (N.H.), Osaka, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- From the Departments of Health and Environmental Sciences (H.H., W.L., K.I., S.N., N.M., T.H., A.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., Y.M., Y.T., S.M.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto; Shiga Medical Center for Adults (S.Y.), Shiga; and National Cardiovascular Center (N.H.), Osaka, Japan
| | - Akio Koizumi
- From the Departments of Health and Environmental Sciences (H.H., W.L., K.I., S.N., N.M., T.H., A.K.) and Department of Neurosurgery (H.H., Y.M., Y.T., S.M.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto; Shiga Medical Center for Adults (S.Y.), Shiga; and National Cardiovascular Center (N.H.), Osaka, Japan
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Krischek B, Tajima A, Akagawa H, Narita A, Ruigrok Y, Rinkel G, Wijmenga C, Feigl GC, Kim CJ, Hori T, Tatagiba M, Kasuya H, Inoue I. Association of the Jun dimerization protein 2 gene with intracranial aneurysms in Japanese and Korean cohorts as compared to a Dutch cohort. Neuroscience 2010; 169:339-43. [PMID: 20452405 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study a linkage region for association to IA patients was found on chromosome 14q22. In this study, we report the findings of a positional candidate gene, Jun dimerization Protein 2 (JDP2), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of that gene that are associated with intracranial aneurysms in different ethnic populations. We screened the linkage region around chromosome 14q22 and narrowed it down to JDP2. We then genotyped case and control groups of three different ethnic populations: 403 Japanese intracranial aneurysm (IA) cases and 412 controls, 181 Korean IA cases and 181 controls, 379 Dutch cases and 642 Dutch controls. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing technology. The allele distribution of three SNPs (two intronic: rs741846; P=0.0041 and rs175646; P=0.0014, and one in the untranslated region: rs8215; P=0.019) and their genotype distribution showed significant association in the Japanese IA patients. The allelic and genotypic frequency of one intronic SNP (rs175646; P=0.0135 and P=0.0137, respectively) and the genotypic frequency for the SNP in the UTR region (rs8215; P=0.049) was also significantly different between cases and controls of the Korean cohort. There was no difference in allelic or genotypic frequencies in the Dutch population. These SNPs in JDP2 are associated with intracranial aneurysms, suggesting that variation in or near JDP2 play a role in susceptibility to IAs in East Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Krischek
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Huttunen T, von und zu Fraunberg M, Frösen J, Lehecka M, Tromp G, Helin K, Koivisto T, Rinne J, Ronkainen A, Hernesniemi J, Jääskeläinen JE. Saccular Intracranial Aneurysm Disease. Neurosurgery 2010; 66:631-8; discussion 638. [PMID: 20190670 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000367634.89384.4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Finnish saccular intracranial aneurysm (sIA) disease associates to 2q33, 8q11, and 9p21 loci and links to 19q13, Xp22, and kallikrein cluster in sIA families. Detailed phenotyping of familial and sporadic sIA disease is required for fine mapping of the Finnish sIA disease.
METHODS
Eastern Finland, which is particularly isolated genetically, is served by Kuopio University Hospital's Department of Neurosurgery. We studied the site and size distribution of unruptured and ruptured sIAs in correlation to age and sex in 316 familial and 1454 sporadic sIA patients on first admission from 1993 to 2007.
RESULTS
The familial and sporadic aneurysmic subarachnoid hemorrhage patients had slightly different median ages (46 vs 51 years in men; 50 vs 57 years in women), different proportion of males (50% vs 42%), equal median diameter of ruptured sIAs (7 mm vs 7 mm) with no correlation to age, and equally unruptured sIAs (30% vs 28%). The unruptured sIAs were most frequent at the middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation (44% vs 39%) and the anterior communicating artery (12% vs 13%), in contrast to the ruptured sIAs at the anterior communicating artery (37% vs 29%) and MCA bifurcation (29% vs 29%). The size of unruptured sIAs increased by age in the sporadic group.
CONCLUSION
The MCA bifurcation was most prone to develop unruptured sIAs, suggesting that MCA branching during the embryonic period might be involved. The different site distribution of ruptured and unruptured sIAs suggests different etiologies for sIA formation and rupture. The lack of correlation of size and age at rupture (exposure to risk factors) suggests that the size at rupture is more dependent on hemodynamic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terhi Huttunen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Juhana Frösen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Lehecka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gerard Tromp
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Katariina Helin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Koivisto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Rinne
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Ronkainen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Hernesniemi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Genetic dissection of diseases is one of the epoch-making achievements in modern medicine. Positional cloning is a key method to isolate disease-related genes. For positional cloning, there are two conventional methods: family-based studies and case-control studies. In this review, I would like to describe several family-based studies on single gene diseases which I had conducted including those of Akita diabetic mice, systemic carnitine deficiency and Hartnup disease. The study of systemic carnitine deficiency underscored a potential power of the "Carrier state." Furthermore, cultural and public health practices in Japan such as preservation of umbilical cords and mother and child passbooks enabled us to conduct linkage analysis even 20 years after the deaths of affected patients in Hartnup disease. For multifactorial diseases, I present three family-based studies: intracranial aneurysm, moyamoya and arteriovenous malformation. Finally, I discuss on theoretical issues concerning the relationship among odds ratio, phenocopy rate and penetrance by formulating a single-locus dominant association model. Analysis of the model predicted a notion that a large odds ratio facilitates familial clustering of multifactorial diseases and vice versa is the case. Furthermore, the analysis predicted that genetic markers for screening should have odds ratio >/= eight to maintain similar qualities commonly required for clinical tests. Collectively, the analysis predicted a two-stage study design composed of linkage analysis based on a family study and subsequent replication by a case-control association study is more rational than the currently used two-independent case-control design. This newly proposed method is expected to provide polymorphisms, which have large odds ratios, requiring only minimum research budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Koizumi
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Santiago-Sim T, DePalma SR, Ju KL, McDonough B, Seidman CE, Seidman J, Kim DH. Genomewide Linkage in a Large Caucasian Family Maps a New Locus for Intracranial Aneurysms to Chromosome 13q. Stroke 2009; 40:S57-60. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.108.534396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Familial aggregation of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) indicates a genetic role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Despite a number of reported susceptibility loci, no disease-causing gene variants have been identified. In this study, we used a parametric genomewide linkage approach to search for new IA susceptibility loci in a large Caucasian family.
Methods—
The affection status of family members with clinical signs of IA was confirmed with medical records or through radiological or surgical examinations. All other relatives were screened using MR angiography. Genomewide linkage analysis was performed on 35 subjects using approximately 250 000 single nucleotide polymorphic markers.
Results—
Ten individuals had an IA. Linkage analysis using a dominant model showed significant linkage to a 7-cM region in 13q14.12–21.1 with a maximum logarithm of odds score of 4.56.
Conclusion—
A new IA susceptibility locus on 13q was identified, adding to the number of IA loci already reported. Given that no coding variants have been reported to date, it is possible that alternative genetic variants such as regulatory elements or copy number variation are important in IA pathogenesis. We are proceeding with attempts to identify such variants in our locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Santiago-Sim
- From the Department of Genetics (T.S.S., S.R.D., K.L.J., B.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; the Department of Pathology, (C.E.S.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass; and the Department of Neurosurgery (D.H.K.), The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven R. DePalma
- From the Department of Genetics (T.S.S., S.R.D., K.L.J., B.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; the Department of Pathology, (C.E.S.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass; and the Department of Neurosurgery (D.H.K.), The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kevin L. Ju
- From the Department of Genetics (T.S.S., S.R.D., K.L.J., B.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; the Department of Pathology, (C.E.S.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass; and the Department of Neurosurgery (D.H.K.), The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Barbara McDonough
- From the Department of Genetics (T.S.S., S.R.D., K.L.J., B.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; the Department of Pathology, (C.E.S.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass; and the Department of Neurosurgery (D.H.K.), The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Christine E. Seidman
- From the Department of Genetics (T.S.S., S.R.D., K.L.J., B.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; the Department of Pathology, (C.E.S.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass; and the Department of Neurosurgery (D.H.K.), The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - J.G. Seidman
- From the Department of Genetics (T.S.S., S.R.D., K.L.J., B.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; the Department of Pathology, (C.E.S.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass; and the Department of Neurosurgery (D.H.K.), The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Dong H. Kim
- From the Department of Genetics (T.S.S., S.R.D., K.L.J., B.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; the Department of Pathology, (C.E.S.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass; and the Department of Neurosurgery (D.H.K.), The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
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Foroud T, Sauerbeck L, Brown R, Anderson C, Woo D, Kleindorfer D, Flaherty ML, Deka R, Hornung R, Meissner I, Bailey-Wilson JE, Langefeld C, Rouleau G, Connolly ES, Lai D, Koller DL, Huston J, Broderick JP. Genome screen in familial intracranial aneurysm. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2009; 10:3. [PMID: 19144135 PMCID: PMC2636777 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-10-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Individuals with 1st degree relatives harboring an intracranial aneurysm (IA) are at an increased risk of IA, suggesting genetic variation is an important risk factor. Methods Families with multiple members having ruptured or unruptured IA were recruited and all available medical records and imaging data were reviewed to classify possible IA subjects as definite, probable or possible IA or not a case. A 6 K SNP genome screen was performed in 333 families, representing the largest linkage study of IA reported to date. A 'narrow' (n = 705 definite IA cases) and 'broad' (n = 866 definite or probable IA) disease definition were used in multipoint model-free linkage analysis and parametric linkage analysis, maximizing disease parameters. Ordered subset analysis (OSA) was used to detect gene × smoking interaction. Results Model-free linkage analyses detected modest evidence of possible linkage (all LOD < 1.5). Parametric analyses yielded an unadjusted LOD score of 2.6 on chromosome 4q (162 cM) and 3.1 on chromosome 12p (50 cM). Significant evidence for a gene × smoking interaction was detected using both disease models on chromosome 7p (60 cM; p ≤ 0.01). Our study provides modest evidence of possible linkage to several chromosomes. Conclusion These data suggest it is unlikely that there is a single common variant with a strong effect in the majority of the IA families. Rather, it is likely that multiple genetic and environmental risk factors contribute to the susceptibility for intracranial aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Foroud
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Brenner DA, Alberts MJ, Amarenco P. Clinical genetic issues in stroke. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2009; 92:355-372. [PMID: 18790284 DOI: 10.1016/s0072-9752(08)01918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Brenner
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA.
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Choi JS, Kim SR, Jeon YW, Lee KH, Rha HK. Identification of DNA copy number aberrations by array comparative genomic hybridization in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. J Clin Neurosci 2008; 16:295-301. [PMID: 19056275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to use array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to identify chromosomal loci that contribute to the pathogenesis of ruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in a Korean population and to confirm the results using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twenty-three patients with ruptured IAs were enrolled in this study. Array CGH revealed copy number aberrations in 19 chromosomal regions. Chromosomal gains were identified at a high frequency in regions 1p12, 4q24, 5p15.31, 5p15.33, 6p12.2, 6q22.33, 7p21.1, 9q22.1, 10q24.32, 10q26.3, 12q13.13, 17p12, 18q12.3, 18q23, 19p13.3, 20q13.33, 21q11.2, and 21q22.3, whereas chromosomal losses were identified at 15q11.2 and 22q11.21. Real-time PCR confirmed the results of the array CGH studies of the COL6A2, GRIN3B, MUC17, and PRODH genes. This is the first study to identify candidate regions by array CGH in patients with IAs. The identification of genes that may predispose an individual to the development of IAs may lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of IA formation. Multicenter studies comparing cohorts of patients of different ethnicities are needed to better understand the mechanism of IA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Soo Choi
- Catholic Neuroscience Center, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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Zhu Y, Li W, Ge M, Xu S, Zhao G, Wang H, Qian H, Zhu N, Pang Q. Polymorphism rs42524 of COL1A2 and sporadic intracranial aneurysms in the Chinese population. J Neurosurg 2008; 109:1060-4. [DOI: 10.3171/jns.2008.109.12.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
The COL1A2 gene at 7q22.1 has been shown to be associated with familial intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in the Japanese population. In the present study, the authors investigated the correlation between the presence of the rs42524 polymorphism in COL1A2 and the occurrence of sporadic IAs in Chinese patients.
Methods
The polymorphism rs42524 of the COL1A2 gene was identified by polymerase chain reaction–based restriction analysis in genomic DNA from 226 patients with sporadic IAs (mean age 51.49 ± 11.47 years) and 326 control participants (mean age 52.33 ± 10.50 years). Neurological assessments were performed using the Hunt and Hess grading system, and differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies between the patient and control groups were evaluated with the chi-square test.
Results
There was a significant difference in either the genotype distribution (χ2 = 11.99, p = 0.002) or allelic frequencies (χ2 = 11.96, p = 0.001, odds ratio 2.579, 95% confidence interval 1.486–4.476) between patients with IAs and patients in the control group.
Conclusions
The rs42524 polymorphism of COL1A2 could be a genetic risk factor for sporadic IAs among individuals of Chinese Han ethnicity. This study is the first to confirm the association between COL1A2 and IAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Zhu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Weiju Li
- 2Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Mingxu Ge
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Shangchen Xu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Guangyu Zhao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Hanbin Wang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Haiyan Qian
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing; and
| | - Ningxi Zhu
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Pang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
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Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are the dilatations of blood vessels in the brain and pose potential risk of rupture leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Although the genetic basis of IAs is poorly understood, it is well-known that genetic factors play an important part in the pathogenesis of IAs. Therefore, the identifying susceptible genetic variants might lead to the understanding of the mechanism of formation and rupture of IAs and might also lead to the development of a pharmacological therapy. To elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of diseases has become a crucial step in the development of new treatment strategies. Although extensive genetic research and its potential implications for future prevention of this often fatal condition are urgently needed, efforts to elucidate the susceptibility loci of IAs are hindered by the issues bewildering the most common and complex genetic disorders, such as low penetrance, late onset, and uncertain modes of inheritance. These efforts are further complicated by the fact that many IA lesions remain asymptomatic or go undiagnosed. In this review, we present and discuss the current status of genetic studies of IAs and we recommend comprehensive genome-wide association studies to identify genetic loci that underlie this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Richard E. Claterbuck
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Ruigrok YM, Wijmenga C, Rinkel GJ, Slot RV, Baas F, Wolfs M, Westerveld A, Roos YB. Genomewide Linkage in a Large Dutch Family With Intracranial Aneurysms. Stroke 2008; 39:1096-102. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.107.495168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ynte M. Ruigrok
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.M.R., G.J.E.R.), Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience and the Complex Genetics Section, Department of Biomedical Genetics (C.W., R.v.S., M.W.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Departments of Neurology (Y.M.R., Y.B.W.E.M.R.) and Human Genetics (F.B., A.W.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Department of Genetics (C.W.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.M.R., G.J.E.R.), Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience and the Complex Genetics Section, Department of Biomedical Genetics (C.W., R.v.S., M.W.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Departments of Neurology (Y.M.R., Y.B.W.E.M.R.) and Human Genetics (F.B., A.W.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Department of Genetics (C.W.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The
| | - Gabriel J.E. Rinkel
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.M.R., G.J.E.R.), Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience and the Complex Genetics Section, Department of Biomedical Genetics (C.W., R.v.S., M.W.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Departments of Neurology (Y.M.R., Y.B.W.E.M.R.) and Human Genetics (F.B., A.W.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Department of Genetics (C.W.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The
| | - Ruben van’t Slot
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.M.R., G.J.E.R.), Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience and the Complex Genetics Section, Department of Biomedical Genetics (C.W., R.v.S., M.W.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Departments of Neurology (Y.M.R., Y.B.W.E.M.R.) and Human Genetics (F.B., A.W.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Department of Genetics (C.W.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The
| | - Frank Baas
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.M.R., G.J.E.R.), Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience and the Complex Genetics Section, Department of Biomedical Genetics (C.W., R.v.S., M.W.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Departments of Neurology (Y.M.R., Y.B.W.E.M.R.) and Human Genetics (F.B., A.W.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Department of Genetics (C.W.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The
| | - Marcel Wolfs
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.M.R., G.J.E.R.), Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience and the Complex Genetics Section, Department of Biomedical Genetics (C.W., R.v.S., M.W.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Departments of Neurology (Y.M.R., Y.B.W.E.M.R.) and Human Genetics (F.B., A.W.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Department of Genetics (C.W.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The
| | - Andries Westerveld
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.M.R., G.J.E.R.), Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience and the Complex Genetics Section, Department of Biomedical Genetics (C.W., R.v.S., M.W.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Departments of Neurology (Y.M.R., Y.B.W.E.M.R.) and Human Genetics (F.B., A.W.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Department of Genetics (C.W.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The
| | - Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.M.R., G.J.E.R.), Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience and the Complex Genetics Section, Department of Biomedical Genetics (C.W., R.v.S., M.W.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Departments of Neurology (Y.M.R., Y.B.W.E.M.R.) and Human Genetics (F.B., A.W.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Department of Genetics (C.W.), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The
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Foroud T, Sauerbeck L, Brown R, Anderson C, Woo D, Kleindorfer D, Flaherty ML, Deka R, Hornung R, Meissner I, Bailey-Wilson JE, Rouleau G, Connolly ES, Lai D, Koller DL, Huston J, Broderick JP. Genome screen to detect linkage to intracranial aneurysm susceptibility genes: the Familial Intracranial Aneurysm (FIA) study. Stroke 2008; 39:1434-40. [PMID: 18323491 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.107.502930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Evidence supports a substantial genetic contribution to the risk of intracranial aneurysm (IA). The purpose of this study was to identify chromosomal regions likely to harbor genes that contribute to the risk of IA. METHODS Multiplex families having at least 2 individuals with "definite" or "probable" IA were ascertained through an international consortium. First-degree relatives of individuals with IA who were at increased risk of an IA because of a history of hypertension or present smoking were offered cerebral magnetic resonance angiography. A genome screen was completed using the Illumina 6K SNP system, and the resulting data from 192 families, containing 1155 genotyped individuals, were analyzed. Narrow and broad disease definitions were used when testing for linkage using multipoint model-independent methods. Ordered subset analysis was performed to test for a gene x smoking (pack-years) interaction. RESULTS The greatest evidence of linkage was found on chromosomes 4 (LOD=2.5; 156 cM), 7 (LOD=1.7; 183 cM), 8 (LOD=1.9; 70 cM), and 12 (LOD=1.6; 102 cM) using the broad disease definition. Using the average pack-years for the affected individuals in each family, the genes on chromosomes 4 (LOD=3.5; P=0.03), 7 (LOD=4.1; P=0.01) and 12 (LOD=3.6; P=0.02) all appear to be modulated by the degree of smoking in the affected members of the family. On chromosome 8, inclusion of smoking as a covariate did not significantly strengthen the linkage evidence, suggesting no interaction between the loci in this region and smoking. CONCLUSIONS We have detected possible evidence of linkage to 4 chromosomal regions. There is potential evidence for a gene x smoking interaction with 3 of the loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Foroud
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Health Information and Translational Sciences Building - HS 4000, 410 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3002, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ynte M. Ruigrok
- From the University Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel J.E. Rinkel
- From the University Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Krischek B, Tatagiba M. The influence of genetics on intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture: current knowledge and its possible impact on future treatment. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 2008; 33:131-147. [PMID: 18383813 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-72283-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture remains mostly unknown, but lately several studies have increasingly supported the role of genetic factors. In reports so far, genome-wide linkage studies suggest several susceptibility loci that may contain one or more predisposing genes. Depending on the examined ethnic population, several different non-matching chromosomal regions have been found. Studies of several candidate genes report association with intracranial aneurysms. To date, no single gene has been identified as responsible for intracranial aneurysm formation or rupture. In addition to the well-published environmental factors, such as alcohol intake, hypertension and smoking, only the recent progress in molecular genetics enables us to investigate the possible genetic determinants of this disease. Although a familial predisposition is the strongest risk factor for the development of intracranial aneurysms, the mode of Mendelian inheritance is uncertain in most families. Therefore, multiple genetic susceptibilities in conjunction with the environmental factors are considered to act together in the disease's etiology. Accordingly, researchers performed linkage studies and case-control association studies for the genetic analysis and have identified several genes to be susceptible to intracranial aneurysms. The identification of susceptible genes may lead to the understanding of the mechanism of formation and rupture and possibly lead to the development of a pharmacological therapy. Furthermore, should it be possible to identify a genetic marker associated with an increased risk of formation and rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, the necessity for screening and urgency of treatment could be determined more easily. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of intracranial aneurysm genetics and also discuss the method to detect the causalities. In view of the recent advances made in this field, we also give an outlook on possible future genetically engineered therapies, whose development are well underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Krischek
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Weinsheimer S, Lenk GM, van der Voet M, Land S, Ronkainen A, Alafuzoff I, Kuivaniemi H, Tromp G. Integration of expression profiles and genetic mapping data to identify candidate genes in intracranial aneurysm. Physiol Genomics 2007; 32:45-57. [PMID: 17878320 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00015.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a complex genetic disease for which, to date, 10 loci have been identified by linkage. Identification of the risk-conferring genes in the loci has proven difficult, since the regions often contain several hundreds of genes. An approach to prioritize positional candidate genes for further studies is to use gene expression data from diseased and nondiseased tissue. Genes that are not expressed, either in diseased or nondiseased tissue, are ranked as unlikely to contribute to the disease. We demonstrate an approach for integrating expression and genetic mapping data to identify likely pathways involved in the pathogenesis of a disease. We used expression profiles for IAs and nonaneurysmal intracranial arteries (IVs) together with the 10 reported linkage intervals for IA. Expressed genes were analyzed for membership in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathways. The 10 IA loci harbor 1,858 candidate genes, of which 1,561 (84%) were represented on the microarrays. We identified 810 positional candidate genes for IA that were expressed in IVs or IAs. Pathway information was available for 294 of these genes and involved 32 KEGG biological function pathways represented on at least 2 loci. A likelihood-based score was calculated to rank pathways for involvement in the pathogenesis of IA. Adherens junction, MAPK, and Notch signaling pathways ranked high. Integration of gene expression profiles with genetic mapping data for IA provides an approach to identify candidate genes that are more likely to function in the pathology of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantel Weinsheimer
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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45
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Biros E, Golledge J. Meta-analysis of whole-genome linkage scans for intracranial aneurysm. Neurosci Lett 2007; 431:31-5. [PMID: 18069126 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic predisposition likely plays an important role in the development of intracranial aneurysms. We carried out a genome search meta-analysis to identified loci associated with intracranial aneurysm. We identified previous whole-genome linkage analyses by searching PUBMED. Five studies reported by separate investigators where detailed data could be obtained were included in our analysis. We synthesized the available genome-wide scan data by using a heterogeneity-based genome search meta-analyses. We identified two linkage sites on chromosomes 3 and 17 which had P-values <0.01 for association with intracranial aneurysm. Our findings confirm the association of a locus on chromosome 17 and identify a new linkage site on chromosome 3 for intracranial aneurysm. The new locus contains a number of potential gene candidates including kininogen-1 precursor, fibroblast growth factor-12 and endothelin converting enzyme 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Biros
- Vascular Biology Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 QLD, Australia
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Audibert G, Bousquet S, Charpentier C, Devaux Y, Mertes PM. Hémorragie sous-arachnoïdienne: épidémiologie, prédisposition, présentation clinique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 26:943-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Weinsheimer S, Goddard KAB, Parrado AR, Lu Q, Sinha M, Lebedeva ER, Ronkainen A, Niemelä M, Khusnutdinova EK, Khusainova RI, Helin K, Jääskeläinen JE, Sakovich VP, Land S, Kuivaniemi H, Tromp G. Association of Kallikrein Gene Polymorphisms With Intracranial Aneurysms. Stroke 2007; 38:2670-6. [PMID: 17761919 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.107.486225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Genomewide DNA linkage analysis identified a susceptibility locus for intracranial aneurysm (IA) on chromosome 19q13 in the Finnish population, a region including the kallikrein gene cluster. We investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the kallikrein gene cluster with IA in the Finnish population.
Methods—
We genotyped 18 haplotype-tagging SNPs spanning a 244 kbp region in the kallikrein gene cluster for 266 Finnish IA cases and 290 Finnish control subjects. In a second phase, we genotyped 2 SNPs (rs1722561 and rs1701946) in an additional set of 102 Finnish IA cases and 102 Finnish control subjects; and in a third phase, we genotyped these 2 SNPs in 156 Russian IA cases and 186 Russian control subjects. Both single-marker and haplotype-based tests of association were performed.
Results—
In phase I, SNPs rs1722561 and rs1701946 were significantly associated with IA in the Finnish population for single locus models (rs1722561:
P
=0.0395; rs1701946:
P
=0.0253). A 2-SNP haplotype block (rs1722561–rs1701946) identified in phase I was also associated with IA in the expanded Finnish (phase II) data set (asymptotic
P
=0.012; empirical
P
=0.019). In the Finnish and Russian combined data set (phase III) with 524 cases and 578 control subjects, the same 2 SNPs (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.60;
P
=0.0005 for rs1722561 and OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.57;
P
=0.0011 for rs1701946) were significantly associated with IA. These SNPs are located in the intronic region of
KLK8
, although linkage disequilibrium could extend from rs268912–rs2250066, a ≈76-kbp region that includes KLK5–KLK10.
Conclusions—
Polymorphisms within the kallikrein gene cluster are associated with IA suggesting that the kallikreins are important candidate genes for IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantel Weinsheimer
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3309 Gordon H. Scott Hall of Basic Medical Sciences, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Ruigrok YM, Elias R, Wijmenga C, Rinkel GJE. A comparison of genetic chromosomal loci for intracranial, thoracic aortic, and abdominal aortic aneurysms in search of common genetic risk factors. Cardiovasc Pathol 2007; 17:40-7. [PMID: 18160059 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2006] [Revised: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of intracranial, ascending thoracic aorta, and infrarenal aortic abdominal aneurysms. Common genetic risk factors for these three types of aneurysms have been suggested. This review describes the results of whole-genome linkage studies on intracranial, thoracic aorta, and aortic abdominal aneurysms, and compares the genomic loci identified in these studies in search of possible common genetic risk factors for the three aneurysmal types. METHODS A literature search of all whole-genome linkage studies performed on intracranial, thoracic aorta, and aortic abdominal aneurysms was performed. The genomic loci identified in these studies were described and compared in search of similarities between them. RESULTS Five chromosomal regions on 3p24-25, 4q32-34, 5q, 11q24, and 19q that may play a role in the pathogenesis of two or more aneurysmal types were identified: 3p24-25 for thoracic aorta and intracranial aneurysms; 4q32-34 for aortic abdominal and intracranial aneurysms; 5q for thoracic aorta and intracranial aneurysms; 11q24 for thoracic aorta, aortic abdominal, and intracranial aneurysms; and 19q for aortic abdominal and intracranial aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS Five chromosomal regions that may include common genetic factors for intracranial, thoracic aorta, and aortic abdominal aneurysms were identified. Further studies are needed to explore these chromosomal regions in different aneurysm patient groups and may further help to unravel the disease pathogenesis of aneurysms in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ynte M Ruigrok
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Fontanella M, Rainero I, Gallone S, Rubino E, Rivoiro C, Valfrè W, Garbossa D, Nurisso C, Ducati A, Pinessi L. Lack of association between the apolipoprotein E gene and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in an Italian population. J Neurosurg 2007; 106:245-9. [PMID: 17410707 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2007.106.2.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT The results of genome-wide scan studies have suggested the presence of a genetic risk factor for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on chromosome 19 (at 19p13). The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is located in this chromosomal region and encodes a protein that exerts several neuroprotective and neurotrophic functions in the brain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a particular allele or genotype of the APOE gene would modify the occurrence or the clinical features of SAH. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from 146 patients with aneurysmal SAH and 222 age- and sex-matched healthy controls and genotyped for the triallelic polymorphism of the APOE gene (epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4). Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between patients and controls. The clinical characteristics of the disease were compared according to the different APOE genotypes. Allele and genotype frequencies of the APOE gene polymorphism were nearly identical in cases and controls. Patients carrying the APOE epsilon4 allele had a significantly higher Hunt and Hess grade on admission (p = 0.0014). There was no significant relationship between any of the other clinical characteristics and the APOE genotype. CONCLUSIONS The authors' data do not support the hypothesis that genetic variations within the APOE gene are associated with aneurysmal SAH. However, the APOE gene influences the disease phenotype and may be regarded as a disease modifier gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fontanella
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Italy.
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50
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Inoue S, Liu W, Inoue K, Mineharu Y, Takenaka K, Yamakawa H, Abe M, Jafar JJ, Herzig R, Koizumi A. Combination of linkage and association studies for brain arteriovenous malformation. Stroke 2007; 38:1368-70. [PMID: 17322094 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000260094.03782.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Genetic factors for brain arteriovenous malformation are unexplored because of the low incidence of familial cases, albeit local and familial clustering. We used a combination of a linkage study and an association study to explore the genetic background. METHODS A genome-wide linkage analysis was performed in 12 patients from 6 unrelated families using the GENEHUNTER program. A genome-wide association analysis of 26 cases and 30 controls was performed using a GeneChip 10K mapping array. Significance levels for linkage and single single-nucleotide polymorphism association analyses were set at P<0.05 and P<0.0001, respectively. Genotyping was also performed using 58 960 single-nucleotide polymorphisms for 2 sets of discordant twins. RESULTS The linkage analysis revealed 7 candidate regions, with the highest logarithm of odds score of 1.88 (P=0.002) at chromosome 6q25. A significant association was observed for 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 2 haplotypes, but none of them overlapped with candidate linkage regions. Genotyping of the twins showed no genetic heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS The present study failed to identify genetic factors for arteriovenous malformation although the low statistical power may have resulted in such evidence being missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Inoue
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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