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Aouabdi S, Aboalola D, Zakari S, Alwafi S, Nedjadi T, Alsiary R. Protective potential of mesenchymal stem cells against COVID-19 during pregnancy. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:FSO924. [PMID: 38836262 PMCID: PMC11149780 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19. COVID-19 has led to severe clinical illnesses and an unprecedented death toll. The virus induces immune inflammatory responses specifically cytokine storm in lungs. Several published reports indicated that pregnant females are less likely to develop severe symptoms compared with non-pregnant. Putative protective role of maternal blood circulating fetal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has emerged and have been put forward as an explanation to alleviated symptoms. MSCs with immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral roles, hold great potential for the treatment of COVID-19. MSCs could be an alternative to treat infections resulting from the SARS-CoV-2 and potential future outbreaks. This review focuses on the MSCs putative protective roles against COVID-19 in pregnant females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Aouabdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Aboalola
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samer Zakari
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Alwafi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taoufik Nedjadi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawiah Alsiary
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Marzoog BA. Transcription Factors - the Essence of Heart Regeneration: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Strategy. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:232-238. [PMID: 35170408 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220216123650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial cell injury and following sequelae are the primary reasons for death globally. Unfortunately, myocardiocytes in adults have limited regeneration capacity. Therefore, the generation of neo myocardiocytes from non-myocardial cells is a surrogate strategy. Transcription factors (TFs) can be recruited to achieve this tremendous goal. Transcriptomic analyses have suggested that GATA, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT cocktail) are master TFs to transdifferentiate/reprogram cell linage of fibroblasts, somatic cells, mesodermal cells into myocardiocytes. However, adding MESP1, MYOCD, ESRRG, and ZFPM2 TFs induces the generation of more efficient and physiomorphological features for induced myocardiocytes. Moreover, the same cocktail of transcription factors can induce the proliferation and differentiation of induced/pluripotent stem cells into myocardial cells. Amelioration of impaired myocardial cells involves the activation of healing transcription factors, which are induced by inflammation mediators; IL6, tumor growth factor β, and IL22. Transcription factors regulate the cellular and subcellular physiology of myocardiocytes to include mitotic cell cycling regulation, karyokinesis and cytokinesis, hypertrophic growth, adult sarcomeric contractile protein gene expression, fatty acid metabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis and maturation. Cell therapy by transcription factors can be applied to cardiogenesis and ameliorating impaired cardiocytes. Transcription factors are the cornerstone in cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Abdullah Marzoog
- Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology, National Research Mordovia State University, Bolshevitskaya Street, 68, Saransk, Rep. Mordovia, 430005, Russia
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3
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Karakaş N, Üçüncüoğlu S, Uludağ D, Karaoğlan BS, Shah K, Öztürk G. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based COVID-19 Therapy: Bioengineering Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:465. [PMID: 35159275 PMCID: PMC8834073 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently utilized in clinics for pulmonary inflammatory diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury. Given that MSCs offer a promising treatment against COVID-19, they are being used against COVID-19 in more than 70 clinical trials with promising findings. Genetically engineered MSCs offer promising therapeutic options in pulmonary diseases. However, their potential has not been explored yet. In this review, we provide perspectives on the functionally modified MSCs that can be developed and harnessed for COVID-19 therapy. Options to manage the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its variants using various bioengineering tools to increase the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Karakaş
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul 34810, Turkey
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul 34810, Turkey; (S.Ü.); (D.U.); (B.S.K.); (G.Ö.)
| | - Süleyman Üçüncüoğlu
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul 34810, Turkey; (S.Ü.); (D.U.); (B.S.K.); (G.Ö.)
- Department of Biophysics, International School of Medicine, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Damla Uludağ
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul 34810, Turkey; (S.Ü.); (D.U.); (B.S.K.); (G.Ö.)
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, Medical Biology and Genetics Program, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Birnur Sinem Karaoğlan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul 34810, Turkey; (S.Ü.); (D.U.); (B.S.K.); (G.Ö.)
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapies, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Gürkan Öztürk
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul 34810, Turkey; (S.Ü.); (D.U.); (B.S.K.); (G.Ö.)
- Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul 34810, Turkey
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4
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) isoforms are upregulated and activated in myocardial diseases and have an important role in cardiac repair and remodelling, regulating the phenotype and function of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells and vascular cells. Cardiac injury triggers the generation of bioactive TGFβ from latent stores, through mechanisms involving proteases, integrins and specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Activated TGFβ signals through the SMAD intracellular effectors or through non-SMAD cascades. In the infarcted heart, the anti-inflammatory and fibroblast-activating actions of TGFβ have an important role in repair; however, excessive or prolonged TGFβ signalling accentuates adverse remodelling, contributing to cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac pressure overload also activates TGFβ cascades, which initially can have a protective role, promoting an ECM-preserving phenotype in fibroblasts and preventing the generation of injurious, pro-inflammatory ECM fragments. However, prolonged and overactive TGFβ signalling in pressure-overloaded cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts can promote cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. In the atria, TGFβ-mediated fibrosis can contribute to the pathogenic substrate for atrial fibrillation. Overactive or dysregulated TGFβ responses have also been implicated in cardiac ageing and in the pathogenesis of diabetic, genetic and inflammatory cardiomyopathies. This Review summarizes the current evidence on the role of TGFβ signalling in myocardial diseases, focusing on cellular targets and molecular mechanisms, and discussing challenges and opportunities for therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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5
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Öztürk Ş, Shahbazi R, Zeybek ND, Kurum B, Gultekinoglu M, Aksoy EA, Demircin M, Ulubayram K. Assessment of electromechanically stimulated bone marrow stem cells seeded acellular cardiac patch in a rat myocardial infarct model. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34330118 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated cardiomyogenic differentiation of electromechanically stimulated rat bone marrow-derived stem cells (rt-BMSCs) on an acellular bovine pericardium (aBP) and we looked at the functioning of this engineered patch in a rat myocardial infarct (MI) model. aBP was prepared using a detergent-based decellularization procedure followed by rt-BMSCs seeding, and electrical, mechanical, or electromechanical stimulations (3 millisecond pulses of 5 V cm-1at 1 Hz, 5% stretching) to enhance cardiomyogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the electromechanically stimulated patch was applied to the MI region over 3 weeks. After this period, the retrieved patch and infarct region were evaluated for the presence of calcification, inflammatory reaction (CD68), patch to host tissue cell migration, and structural sarcomere protein expressions. In conjunction with any sign of calcification, a higher number of BrdU-labelled cells, and a low level of CD68 positive cells were observed in the infarct region under electromechanically stimulated conditions compared with static conditions. More importantly, MHC, SAC, Troponin T, and N-cad positive cells were observed in both infarct region, and retrieved engineered patch after 3 weeks. In a clear alignment with other results, our developed acellular patch promoted the expression of cardiomyogenic differentiation factors under electromechanical stimulation. Our engineered patch showed a successful integration with the host tissue followed by the cell migration to the infarct region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükrü Öztürk
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Altındağ, Ankara 06100, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Reza Shahbazi
- Hematology/Oncology Division, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Naciye Dilara Zeybek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Barıs Kurum
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Merve Gultekinoglu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Altındağ, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Eda Ayse Aksoy
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Altındağ, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Metin Demircin
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kezban Ulubayram
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Altındağ, Ankara 06100, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Cardiac Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Impact of Biological and Chemical Inducers. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1343-1361. [PMID: 33864233 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are the leading cause of global death, widely occurs due to irreparable loss of the functional cardiomyocytes. Stem cell-based therapeutic approaches, particularly the use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) is an emerging strategy to regenerate myocardium and thereby improving the cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). Most of the current approaches often employ the use of various biological and chemical factors as cues to trigger and modulate the differentiation of MSCs into the cardiac lineage. However, the recent advanced methods of using specific epigenetic modifiers and exosomes to manipulate the epigenome and molecular pathways of MSCs to modify the cardiac gene expression yield better profiled cardiomyocyte like cells in vitro. Hitherto, the role of cardiac specific inducers triggering cardiac differentiation at the cellular and molecular level is not well understood. Therefore, the current review highlights the impact and recent trends in employing biological and chemical inducers on cardiac differentiation of MSCs. Thereby, deciphering the interactions between the cellular microenvironment and the cardiac inducers will help us to understand cardiomyogenesis of MSCs. Additionally, the review also provides an insight on skeptical roles of the cell free biological factors and extracellular scaffold assisted mode for manipulation of native and transplanted stem cells towards translational cardiac research.
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7
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Regulation of cardiomyocyte fate plasticity: a key strategy for cardiac regeneration. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:31. [PMID: 33500391 PMCID: PMC7838318 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
With the high morbidity and mortality rates, cardiovascular diseases have become one of the most concerning diseases worldwide. The heart of adult mammals can hardly regenerate naturally after injury because adult cardiomyocytes have already exited the cell cycle, which subseqently triggers cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Although a series of pharmacological treatments and surgical methods have been utilized to improve heart functions, they cannot replenish the massive loss of beating cardiomyocytes after injury. Here, we summarize the latest research progress in cardiac regeneration and heart repair through altering cardiomyocyte fate plasticity, which is emerging as an effective strategy to compensate for the loss of functional cardiomyocytes and improve the impaired heart functions. First, residual cardiomyocytes in damaged hearts re-enter the cell cycle to acquire the proliferative capacity by the modifications of cell cycle-related genes or regulation of growth-related signals. Additionally, non-cardiomyocytes such as cardiac fibroblasts, were shown to be reprogrammed into cardiomyocytes and thus favor the repair of damaged hearts. Moreover, pluripotent stem cells have been shown to transform into cardiomyocytes to promote heart healing after myocardial infarction (MI). Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that environmental oxygen, energy metabolism, extracellular factors, nerves, non-coding RNAs, etc. play the key regulatory functions in cardiac regeneration. These findings provide the theoretical basis of targeting cellular fate plasticity to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation or formation, and also provide the clues for stimulating heart repair after injury.
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Aluganti Narasimhulu C, Singla DK. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (BMP-7) in Inflammation in Heart Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020280. [PMID: 31979268 PMCID: PMC7073173 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-7 is (BMP-7) is a potent anti-inflammatory growth factor belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) superfamily. It plays an important role in various biological processes, including embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, neurogenesis and skeletal morphogenesis. BMP-7 stimulates the target cells by binding to specific membrane-bound receptor BMPR 2 and transduces signals through mothers against decapentaplegic (Smads) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. To date, rhBMP-7 has been used clinically to induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells bordering the bone fracture site into chondrocytes, osteoclasts, the formation of new bone via calcium deposition and to stimulate the repair of bone fracture. However, its use in cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and diabetic cardiomyopathy is currently being explored. More importantly, these cardiovascular diseases are associated with inflammation and infiltrated monocytes where BMP-7 has been demonstrated to be a key player in the differentiation of pro-inflammatory monocytes, or M1 macrophages, into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, which reduces developed cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, this review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of BMP-7 treatment in cardiovascular disease and its role as an anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory growth factor, which emphasizes its potential therapeutic significance in heart diseases.
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9
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Hanna A, Frangogiannis NG. The Role of the TGF-β Superfamily in Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:140. [PMID: 31620450 PMCID: PMC6760019 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily are essential regulators of cell differentiation, phenotype and function, and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Myocardial infarction is associated with induction of several members of the superfamily, including TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, BMP-4, BMP-10, growth differentiation factor (GDF)-8, GDF-11 and activin A. This manuscript reviews our current knowledge on the patterns and mechanisms of regulation and activation of TGF-β superfamily members in the infarcted heart, and discusses their cellular actions and downstream signaling mechanisms. In the infarcted heart, TGF-β isoforms modulate cardiomyocyte survival and hypertrophic responses, critically regulate immune cell function, activate fibroblasts, and stimulate a matrix-preserving program. BMP subfamily members have been suggested to exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions and may regulate fibrosis. Members of the GDF subfamily may also modulate survival and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and regulate inflammation. Important actions of TGF-β superfamily members may be mediated through activation of Smad-dependent or non-Smad pathways. The critical role of TGF-β signaling cascades in cardiac repair, remodeling, fibrosis, and regeneration may suggest attractive therapeutic targets for myocardial infarction patients. However, the pleiotropic, cell-specific, and context-dependent actions of TGF-β superfamily members pose major challenges in therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Hanna
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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10
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He Y, Zou L. Notch-1 inhibition reduces proliferation and promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1884-1890. [PMID: 31410150 PMCID: PMC6676088 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Low differentiation and high proliferation rates are critical factors affecting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the Notch signaling pathway in BMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Mouse BMSCs were divided into control, vector, Notch1-small interfering (si)RNA, γ-secretase inhibitor, and Notch1-siRNA + γ-secretase inhibitor groups. The siRNA-Notch1, γ-secretase inhibitor, and Notch1-siRNA + γ-secretase inhibitor groups were treated with Notch1 siRNA and/or γ-secretase inhibitor. Following treatment, cell proliferation was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8. Tumor-related factors, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, c-Myc and p53, were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. BMSC osteogenic differentiation was induced and the cells were stained with alizarin red at 14 and 21 days. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was also evaluated. The siRNA-Notch1 and γ-secretase inhibitor both reduced BMSC proliferation and the expression of TGF-β1 and c-Myc and increased the expression of p53. Following the induction of osteogenesis and staining with alizarin red, the level of AKP was significantly higher in cells in the siRNA-Notch1 and γ-secretase inhibitor groups compared with that in the control group. It was found that Notch1 inhibition reduced proliferation and promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lijin Zou
- Burn Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Lijin Zou, Burn Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Gasiūnienė M, Petkus G, Matuzevičius D, Navakauskas D, Navakauskienė R. Angiotensin II and TGF- β1 Induce Alterations in Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Leading to Cardiomyogenic Differentiation Initiation. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:251-264. [PMID: 31023001 PMCID: PMC6657950 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSCs) may be a valuable source for cardiovascular tissue engineering and cell therapy. The aim of this study is to verify angiotensin II and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) as potential cardiomyogenic differentiation inducers of AF-MSCs. Methods and Results AF-MSCs were obtained from amniocentesis samples from second-trimester pregnant women, isolated and characterized by the expression of cell surface markers (CD44, CD90, CD105 positive; CD34 negative) and pluripotency genes (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, REX1). Cardiomyogenic differentiation was induced using different concentrations of angiotensin II and TGF-β1. Successful initiation of differentiation was confirmed by alterations in cell morphology, upregulation of cardiac genes-markers NKX2-5, TBX5, GATA4, MYH6, TNNT2, DES and main cardiac ion channels genes (sodium, calcium, potassium) as determined by RT-qPCR. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis revealed the increased expression of Connexin43, the main component of gap junctions, and Nkx2.5, the early cardiac transcription factor. Induced AF-MSCs switched their phenotype towards more energetic and started utilizing oxidative phosphorylation more than glycolysis for energy production as assessed using Agilent Seahorse XF analyzer. The immune analysis of chromatin-modifying enzymes DNMT1, HDAC1/2 and Polycomb repressive complex 1 and 2 (PRC1/2) proteins BMI1, EZH2 and SUZ12 as well as of modified histones H3 and H4 indicated global chromatin remodeling during the induced differentiation. Conclusions Angiotensin II and TGF-β1 are efficient cardiomyogenic inducers of human AF-MSCs; they initiate alterations at the gene and protein expression, metabolic and epigenetic levels in stem cells leading towards cardiomyocyte- like phenotype formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gasiūnienė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gintautas Petkus
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dalius Matuzevičius
- Electronic Systems Department, Electronics Faculty, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dalius Navakauskas
- Electronic Systems Department, Electronics Faculty, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Navakauskienė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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12
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Adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells are better respondents to TGFβ1 for in vitro generation of cardiomyocyte-like cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 460:53-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Yokoyama R, Ii M, Masuda M, Tabata Y, Hoshiga M, Ishizaka N, Asahi M. Cardiac Regeneration by Statin-Polymer Nanoparticle-Loaded Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Therapy in Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1055-1067. [PMID: 31157513 PMCID: PMC6766602 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials with autologous adipose‐derived stem cell (AdSC) therapy for ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) are ongoing. However, little is known about combinational therapeutic effect of AdSCs and statin poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles on the ischemic myocardium. We investigated the hypothesis that statins, which have pleiotropic effects, augment the therapeutic potential of AdSCs and that AdSCs also act as drug delivery tools. Simvastatin‐conjugated nanoparticles (SimNPs) significantly promoted migration activity without changing proliferation activity and upregulated growth factor gene expression in vitro. A small number of intravenously administered SimNP‐loaded AdSCs (10,000 cells per mouse) improved cardiac function following myocardial infarction, inducing endogenous cardiac regeneration in the infarcted myocardium. The de novo regenerated myocardium was thought to be derived from epicardial cells, which were positive for Wilms' tumor protein 1 expression. These findings were attributed to the sustained, local simvastatin release from the recruited SimNP‐loaded AdSCs in the infarcted myocardium rather than to the direct contribution of recruited AdSCs to tissue regeneration. SimNP‐loaded AdSCs may lead to a novel somatic stem cell therapy for IHDs. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:1055–1067
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ii
- Division of Research Animal Laboratory and Translational Medicine, Research and Development Center, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misaki Masuda
- Division of Research Animal Laboratory and Translational Medicine, Research and Development Center, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hoshiga
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Ishizaka
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Asahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of acute respiratory failure caused by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite five decades of basic and clinical research, there is still no effective pharmacotherapy for this condition and the treatment remains primarily supportive. It is critical to study the molecular and physiologic mechanisms that cause ARDS to improve our understanding of this syndrome and reduce mortality. The goal of this review is to describe our current understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ARDS. First, we will describe how pulmonary edema fluid accumulates in ARDS due to lung inflammation and increased alveolar endothelial and epithelial permeabilities. Next, we will review how pulmonary edema fluid is normally cleared in the uninjured lung, and describe how these pathways are disrupted in ARDS. Finally, we will explain how clinical trials and preclinical studies of novel therapeutic agents have further refined our understanding of this condition, highlighting, in particular, the study of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Huppert
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Lorraine B. Ware
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
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15
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Huppert LA, Liu KD, Matthay MA. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of ARDS. Transfusion 2018; 59:869-875. [PMID: 30383290 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Huppert
- Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kathleen D Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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16
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Huh JW, Kim WY, Park YY, Lim CM, Koh Y, Kim MJ, Hong SB. Anti-inflammatory Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Acute Lung Injury Mouse Model. Acute Crit Care 2018; 33:154-161. [PMID: 31723879 PMCID: PMC6786701 DOI: 10.4266/acc.2018.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuate injury in various lung injury models through paracrine effects. We hypothesized that intratracheal transplantation of allogenic MSCs could attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice, mediated by anti-inflammatory responses. Methods Six-week-old male mice were randomized to either the control or the ALI group. ALI was induced by intratracheal LPS instillation. Four hours after LPS instillation, MSCs or phosphate-buffered saline was randomly intratracheally administered. Neutrophil count and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); lung histology; levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2; and the expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), caspase-3, and caspase-9 were evaluated at 48 hours after injury. Results Treatment with MSCs attenuated lung injury in ALI mice by decreasing protein level and neutrophil recruitment into the BALF and improving the histologic change. MSCs also decreased the protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, but had little effect on the protein expression of PCNA, caspase-3, and caspase-9. Conclusions Intratracheal injection of bone marrow-derived allogenic MSCs attenuates LPS-induced ALI via immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Won Huh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Chae-Man Lim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Younsuck Koh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Hong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Lv Y, Liu B, Liu Y, Wang H, Wang H. TGF-β1 combined with Sal-B promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:5359-5364. [PMID: 29904415 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) are key signaling factors for stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes (CMs). The present study compared the biological effect of TGF-β1 and Sal-B, alone or in combination, on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) that differentiate into myocardial-like cells in a simulated myocardial microenvironment in vitro. BMSCs were isolated from bones of limbs of 10 male Sprague Dawley rats and cultured. The 2nd-generation BMSCs were co-incubated with TGF-β1 and Sal-B, alone or in combination, for 72 h. The control group was BMSCs cultured without any inductive substance. The levels GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) and homeobox protein NKx2.5 were determined by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate α-sarcomeric actin and cardiac troponin I (cTNI) as cardiomyogenic differentiation markers. The ultrastructure of BMSCs in each group was also observed. BMSCs were initially spindle-shaped with irregular processes. The cells gradually increased in number 24 h post-inoculation and proliferated 7 days later. Compared with the control group, BMSCs in the treatment groups had fusiform shapes, orientating with one accord and were connected with adjoining cells forming myotube-like structures on day 28. The morphology and architecture/myotubes of BMSCs was similar among the treatment groups, but the amount of cells in the combined group was comparatively higher. The results of immunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of the CM-specific proteins α-sarcomeric actin and cTNI in these cells. The expression of these cardiac-specific markers in the combined group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05). In addition, the transcriptional expression of GATA4 and NKx2.5 in the treatment groups was stable and significantly higher than that in the control group on day 7. Transmission electron microscopy showed that BMSCs in the treatment groups all had myofilaments, rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in the cytoplasm when compared with the control group. Taken together, these results indicated that the combination of TGF-β1 and Sal-B effectively promotes cardiomyogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro and their application may represent a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
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18
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Zhang J, Guo F, Wu H, Wei J, Xian M, Fan F, Tang S, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Li D, Yang H. Yixin-Shu facilitated cardiac-like differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10032-10039. [PMID: 35540854 PMCID: PMC9078824 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13326j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Yixin-Shu capsules (YXS) are a Chinese Materia Medica standardized product used for heart disease and their effectiveness has been demonstrated through both clinical and experimental research. However, the mechanism involved has remained unclear. The effect of YXS on the cardiac-like differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells was investigated in this study. The intestinal absorption liquid of YXS was prepared using an in vitro intestinal absorption method and 62 compounds have been identified. A compound-target-function network constructed by a network pharmacology-based approach indicated that these compounds had an effect on cell differentiation. The effects of YXS on cardiac-like differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells was verified by detecting cardiac-specific protein expression such as α-actinin, cardiac troponin-I and desmin through real time-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. A network pharmacology analysis indicated that the facilitation of YXS on the cardiac-like differentiation may be through the TGF-β signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. The observed improvements on cardiac differentiation may be due to the novel molecular mechanism for YXS that could also benefit developments in cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China +86-10-64013996 +86-10-64032656
| | - Feifei Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China +86-10-64013996 +86-10-64032656
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China +86-10-64013996 +86-10-64032656
| | - Junying Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China +86-10-64013996 +86-10-64032656
| | - Minghua Xian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China +86-10-64013996 +86-10-64032656
| | - Fangfang Fan
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM Chengdu 610072 China
| | - Shihuan Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China +86-10-64013996 +86-10-64032656
| | - Ye Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China +86-10-64013996 +86-10-64032656
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China +86-10-64013996 +86-10-64032656
| | - Defeng Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China +86-10-64013996 +86-10-64032656
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China +86-10-64013996 +86-10-64032656
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The effect of transient oxygenation on stem cell mobilization and ischemia/reperfusion heart injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192733. [PMID: 29438409 PMCID: PMC5811016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For general anesthesia, pre-oxygenation is routinely performed prior to intubation. It is well-known that ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning induces stem cell mobilization and protects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we investigated the effect of transient oxygenation on stem cell mobilization and I/R injury of the heart. Mice were exposed to 100% oxygen for 5 or 20 minutes. We evaluated the number of c-kit+ stem/progenitor cells and the levels of SDF-1α and VEGF in peripheral blood at 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours after oxygenation. We also induced I/R injury of the heart at 3 hours post-oxygenation for 5 minutes and then examined stem cell recruitment and fibrotic changes in the heart 3 or 14 days later. The number of c-kit+ cells in peripheral blood was significantly increased at 1 or 24 hours after oxygenation for either 5 or 20 minutes. Oxygenation for 5 or 20 minutes did not significantly change the SDF-1α level measured in plasma. However, the plasma VEGF level was decreased at 3 hours post-oxygenation for 20 minutes (p = 0.051). Oxygenation for 5 minutes did not significantly alter the fibrotic area or cell apoptosis. Although oxygenation for 5 minutes increased the number of c-kit+ cells in hearts damaged by I/R injury, this difference was not significant between groups due to large variation between individuals (p = 0.14). Although transient oxygenation induces stem cell mobilization, it does not appear to protect against I/R injury of the heart in mice.
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20
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Single-cell analysis of the fate of c-kit-positive bone marrow cells. NPJ Regen Med 2017; 2:27. [PMID: 29302361 PMCID: PMC5678002 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-017-0032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasticity of c-kit-positive bone marrow cells (c-kit-BMCs) in tissues different from their organ of origin remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that c-kit-BMCs are functionally heterogeneous and only a subgroup of these cells possesses cardiomyogenic potential. Population-based assays fall short of identifying the properties of individual stem cells, imposing on us the introduction of single cell-based approaches to track the fate of c-kit-BMCs in the injured heart; they included viral gene-tagging, multicolor clonal-marking and transcriptional profiling. Based on these strategies, we report that single mouse c-kit-BMCs expand clonally within the infarcted myocardium and differentiate into specialized cardiac cells. Newly-formed cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and c-kit-BMCs showed in their genome common sites of viral integration, providing strong evidence in favor of the plasticity of a subset of BMCs expressing the c-kit receptor. Similarly, individual c-kit-BMCs, which were infected with multicolor reporters and injected in infarcted hearts, formed cardiomyocytes and vascular cells organized in clusters of similarly colored cells. The uniform distribution of fluorescent proteins in groups of specialized cells documented the polyclonal nature of myocardial regeneration. The transcriptional profile of myogenic c-kit-BMCs and whole c-kit-BMCs was defined by RNA sequencing. Genes relevant for engraftment, survival, migration, and differentiation were enriched in myogenic c-kit-BMCs, a cell subtype which could not be assigned to a specific hematopoietic lineage. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the bone marrow comprises a category of cardiomyogenic, vasculogenic and/or fibrogenic c-kit-positive cells and a category of c-kit-positive cells that retains an undifferentiated state within the damaged heart.
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21
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Biomimetic electrical stimulation induces rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells via TGF-beta 1 in vitro. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 148:47-53. [PMID: 28969971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrical conductance is one of the factors of the microenvironment of cardiomyocytes, and electrical stimulation (ES) has been shown to modulate the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) toward a cardiomyogenic fate. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) stimulates the cardiomyogenic marker expression in BMSCs. Herein, we promoted the differentiation of BMSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells using ES to confirm if TGF-β1 mediates this event in vitro. ES increased protein levels of TGF-β1 in BMSCs, and this effect was better than that observed with 5-azacytidine (5-Aza). The effect of ES on promoting cardiomyogenic marker expression in BMSCs was enhanced by TGF-β1. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of Connexin43 (Cx43) and Alpha-actinin 2 (ACTN2) induced by ES in BMSCs were significantly decreased by pirfenidone. These results show that ES promotes cardiomyocyte-like cells differentiation in rat BMSCs and is possibly mediated by TGF-β1 in vitro.
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22
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Yoon JK, Lee TI, Bhang SH, Shin JY, Myoung JM, Kim BS. Stretchable Piezoelectric Substrate Providing Pulsatile Mechanoelectric Cues for Cardiomyogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:22101-22111. [PMID: 28560866 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo induction of cardiomyogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) before implantation would potentiate therapeutic efficacy of stem cell therapies for ischemic heart diseases because MSCs rarely undergo cardiomyogenic differentiation following implantation. In cardiac microenvironments, electric pulse and cyclic mechanical strain are sequentially produced. However, no study has applied the pulsatile mechanoelectric cues (PMEC) to stimulate cardiomyogenic differentiation of MSCs ex vivo. In this study, we developed a stretchable piezoelectric substrate (SPS) that can provide PMEC to human MSCs (hMSCs) for cardiomyogenic differentiation ex vivo. Our data showed that hMSCs subjected to PMEC by SPS underwent promoted cardiac phenotype development: cell alignment and the expression of cardiac markers (i.e., cardiac transcription factors, structural proteins, ion channel proteins, and gap junction proteins). The enhanced cardiac phenotype development was mediated by the upregulation of cardiomyogenic differentiation-related autocrine factor expression, focal adhesion kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases signaling pathways. Thus, SPS providing electrical and mechanical regulation of stem cells may be utilized to potentiate hMSC therapies for myocardial infarction and provide a tool for the study of stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tae Il Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University , Seongnam 13557, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae-Min Myoung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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23
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Abstract
For >4 decades, the holy grail in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction has been the mitigation of lethal injury. Despite promising initial results and decades of investigation by the cardiology research community, the only treatment with proven efficacy is early reperfusion of the occluded coronary artery. The remarkable record of failure has led us and others to wonder if cardioprotection is dead. The path to translation, like the ascent to Everest, is certainly littered with corpses. We do, however, highlight a therapeutic principle that provides a glimmer of hope: cellular postconditioning. Administration of cardiosphere-derived cells after reperfusion limits infarct size measured acutely, while providing long-term structural and functional benefits. The recognition that cell therapy may be cardioprotective, and not just regenerative, merits further exploration before we abandon the pursuit entirely.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lefer
- From Cardiovascular Center of Excellence and Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (D.J.L.); and Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (E.M.).
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- From Cardiovascular Center of Excellence and Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (D.J.L.); and Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (E.M.)
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24
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Li TS, Mikamo A, Takahashi M, Suzuki R, Ueda K, Ikeda Y, Matsuzaki M, Hamano K. Comparison of Cell Therapy and Cytokine Therapy for Functional Repair in Ischemic and Nonischemic Heart Failure. Cell Transplant 2017; 16:365-74. [PMID: 17658127 DOI: 10.3727/000000007783464858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cell therapy shows great promise as a new therapeutic strategy for heart failure, its precise mechanisms remain unclear. Furthermore, the advantages of cell therapy over conventional cytokine therapy have yet to be clarified. This study was designed to compare the functional improvement achieved by cell therapy and cytokine therapy in both ischemic and nonischemic heart failure experimental models. Ischemic heart failure was induced by ligating the left anterior descending artery, and nonischemic heart failure was induced by an IP injection of doxorubicin, respectively, in mice. After establishing the heart failure models, mice were randomly given a single intramyocardial injection of 2 × 105 c-kit-positive bone marrow stem cells (cell therapy), hepatic growth factor (cytokine therapy), or PBS injection only (control). In the ischemic heart failure model, both cell therapy and cytokine therapy increased the vessel density significantly, inhibited apoptosis of myocytes, and decreased the fibrotic area in the ischemic myocardium, which resulted in a significant increase in the survival rate and enhancement of the cardiac function of these mice (p < 0.05 vs. control therapy). In the nonischemic heart failure model, significant increases in the survival rate and cardiac function were achieved by cell therapy (p < 0.05 vs. control therapy), but not by cytokine therapy, although cytokine therapy inhibited the fibrosis and apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes. Both cell therapy and cytokine therapy are alternative treatments for ischemic heart failure. However, cell therapy is more effective for the treatment of nonischemic heart failure than cytokine therapy achieved by the administration of a single growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Medical Bioregulation, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery and Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
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25
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Huppert LA, Matthay MA. Alveolar Fluid Clearance in Pathologically Relevant Conditions: In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Immunol 2017; 8:371. [PMID: 28439268 PMCID: PMC5383664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Critically ill patients with respiratory failure from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have reduced ability to clear alveolar edema fluid. This reduction in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) contributes to the morbidity and mortality in ARDS. Thus, it is important to understand why AFC is reduced in ARDS in order to design targeted therapies. In this review, we highlight experiments that have advanced our understanding of ARDS pathogenesis, with particular reference to the alveolar epithelium. First, we review how vectorial ion transport drives the clearance of alveolar edema fluid in the uninjured lung. Next, we describe how alveolar edema fluid is less effectively cleared in lungs affected by ARDS and describe selected in vitro and in vivo experiments that have elucidated some of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the reduced AFC. Finally, we describe one potential therapy that targets this pathway: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs). Based on preclinical studies, MSCs enhance AFC and promote the resolution of pulmonary edema and thus may offer a promising cell-based therapy for ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Huppert
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, UCSF School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
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26
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Ouyang S, Zhu G, Ouyang L, Luo Y, Zhou R, Pan C, Bin J, Liao Y, Liao W. Bapx1 mediates transforming growth factor-β- induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes a malignancy phenotype of gastric cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:285-292. [PMID: 28315334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The homeoprotein Bapx1 is an important regulator of gastroduodenal tract morphogenesis. Here, we investigated how Bapx1 influences gastric cancer (GC) prognosis and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Bapx1 expression was greater in GC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues and expression was positively correlated with mortality, lymph node and distance metastasis. Silencing Bapx1 diminished cell invasion/migration and decreased mesenchymal phenotypes. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induced Bapx1 expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC cells. However, down-regulated Bapx1 reversed TGF-β induced invasion, migration, morphological changes, and EMT. In summary, Bapx1 indicates poor prognosis for GC by promoting tumor migration and invasion via TGF-β-induced EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Ouyang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Center of Infectious Diseases, PLA 458 Hospital, Guangzhou, 510602, China
| | - Guodong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Lei Ouyang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yuhao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Changqie Pan
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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27
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Frangogiannis NG. The role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the infarcted myocardium. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:S52-S63. [PMID: 28446968 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart has negligible regenerative capacity. Following myocardial infarction, sudden necrosis of cardiomyocytes triggers an intense inflammatory reaction that clears the wound from dead cells and matrix debris, while activating a reparative program. A growing body of evidence suggests that members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family critically regulate the inflammatory and reparative response following infarction. Although all three TGF-β isoforms (TGF-β1, -β2 and -β3) are markedly upregulated in the infarcted myocardium, information on isoform-specific actions is limited. Experimental studies have suggested that TGF-β exerts a wide range of actions on cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells, and vascular cells. The findings are often conflicting, reflecting the context-dependence of TGF-β-mediated effects; conclusions are often based exclusively on in vitro studies and on associative evidence. TGF-β has been reported to modulate cardiomyocyte survival responses, promote monocyte recruitment, inhibit macrophage pro-inflammatory gene expression, suppress adhesion molecule synthesis by endothelial cells, promote myofibroblast conversion and extracellular matrix synthesis, and mediate both angiogenic and angiostatic effects. This review manuscript discusses our understanding of the cell biological effects of TGF-β in myocardial infarction. We discuss the relative significance of downstream TGF-β-mediated Smad-dependent and -independent pathways, and the risks and challenges of therapeutic TGF-β targeting. Considering the high significance of TGF-β-mediated actions in vivo, study of cell-specific effects and dissection of downstream signaling pathways are needed in order to design safe and effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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28
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Lv Y, Liu B, Wang HP, Zhang L. Intramyocardial implantation of differentiated rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhanced by TGF-β1 improves cardiac function in heart failure rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e5273. [PMID: 27254663 PMCID: PMC4932821 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study tested the hypotheses that i) transforming growth
factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) enhances differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem
cells (MSCs) towards the cardiomyogenic phenotype and ii)
intramyocardial implantation of the TGF-β1-treated MSCs improves cardiac function in
heart failure rats. MSCs were treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1 for 72
h, and then morphological characteristics, surface antigens and mRNA expression of
several transcription factors were assessed. Intramyocardial implantation of these
TGF-β1-treated MSCs to infarcted heart was also investigated. MSCs were initially
spindle-shaped with irregular processes. On day 28 after TGF-β1 treatment, MSCs
showed fusiform shape, orientating parallel with one another, and were connected with
adjoining cells forming myotube-like structures. Immunofluorescence revealed the
expression of cardiomyocyte-specific proteins, α-sarcomeric actin and troponin T, in
these cells. The mRNA expression of GATA4 and
Nkx2.5 genes was slightly increased on day 7, enhanced on day 14
and decreased on day 28 while α-MHC gene was not expressed on day 7,
but expressed slightly on day 14 and enhanced on day 28. Transmission electron
microscopy showed that the induced cells had myofilaments, z line-like substances,
desmosomes, and gap junctions, in contrast with control cells. Furthermore,
intramyocardial implantation of TGF-β1-treated MSCs to infarcted heart reduced scar
area and increased the number of muscle cells. This structure regeneration was
concomitant with the improvement of cardiac function, evidenced by decreased left
ventricular end-diastolic pressure, increased left ventricular systolic pressure and
increased maximal positive pressure development rate. Taken together, these results
indicate that intramyocardial implantation of differentiated MSCs enhanced by TGF-β1
improved cardiac function in heart failure rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - B Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - H P Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Hsu YC, Wu YT, Yu TH, Wei YH. Mitochondria in mesenchymal stem cell biology and cell therapy: From cellular differentiation to mitochondrial transfer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 52:119-31. [PMID: 26868759 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized to have the capacity of self-renewal and the potential to differentiate into mesoderm, ectoderm-like and endoderm-like cells. MSCs hold great promise for cell therapies due to their multipotency in vitro and therapeutic advantage of hypo-immunogenicity and lower tumorigenicity. Moreover, it has been shown that MSCs can serve as a vehicle to transfer mitochondria into cells after cell transplantation. Mitochondria produce most of the energy through oxidative phosphorylation in differentiated cells. It has been increasingly clear that the switch of energy supply from glycolysis to aerobic metabolism is essential for successful differentiation of MSCs. Post-translational modifications of proteins have been established to regulate mitochondrial function and metabolic shift during MSCs differentiation. In this article, we review and provide an integrated view on the roles of different protein kinases and sirtuins in the maintenance and differentiation of MSCs. Importantly, we provide evidence to suggest that alteration in the expression of Sirt3 and Sirt5 and relative changes in the acylation levels of mitochondrial proteins might be involved in the activation of mitochondrial function and adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived MSCs. We summarize their roles in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism, oxidative responses and differentiation of MSCs. On the other hand, we discuss recent advances in the study of mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial transfer as well as their roles in the differentiation and therapeutic application of MSCs to improve cell function in vitro and in animal models. Accumulating evidence has substantiated that the therapeutic potential of MSCs is conferred not only by cell replacement and paracrine effects but also by transferring mitochondria into injured tissues or cells to modulate the cellular metabolism in situ. Therefore, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism of MSCs may ultimately improve therapeutic outcomes of stem cell therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsien Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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Overexpression of protein kinase C ɛ improves retention and survival of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells in rat acute myocardial infarction. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2056. [PMID: 26775707 PMCID: PMC4816190 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of protein kinase C ɛ (PKCɛ) for improving stem cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were harvested from rat bone marrow. PKCɛ-overexpressed MSCs and control MSCs were transplanted into infarct border zones in a rat AMI model. MSCs and PKCɛ distribution and expression of principal proteins involved in PKCɛ signaling through the stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis and the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway were analyzed by immunofluorescence and western blot 1 day after transplantation. Echocardiographic measurements and histologic studies were performed at 4 weeks after transplantation, and MSC survival, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), von Willebrand factor (vWF), smooth muscle actin (SMA) and factor VIII and apoptosis in infarct border zones were assessed. Rat heart muscles retained more MSCs and SDF-1, CXCR4, PI3K and phosphorylated AKT increased with PKCɛ overexpression 1 day after transplantation. MSC survival and VEGF, bFGF, TGFβ, cTnI, vWF, SMA and factor VIII expression increased in animals with PKCɛ-overexpressed MSCs at 4 weeks after transplantation and cardiac dysfunction and remodeling improved. Infarct size and apoptosis decreased as well. Inhibitory actions of CXCR4 or PI3K partly attenuated the effects of PKCɛ. Activation of PKCɛ may improve retention, survival and differentiation of transplanted MSCs in myocardia. Augmentation of PKCɛ expression may enhance the therapeutic effects of stem cell therapy for AMI.
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Kitajima Y, Doi H, Ono Y, Urata Y, Goto S, Kitajima M, Miura K, Li TS, Masuzaki H. Estrogen deficiency heterogeneously affects tissue specific stem cells in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12861. [PMID: 26245252 PMCID: PMC4526849 DOI: 10.1038/srep12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal disorders are frequently observed in various organs, but their relationship with estrogen deficiency and mechanisms remain unclear. As tissue-specific stem cells have been found to express estrogen receptors, we examined the hypothesis that estrogen deficiency impairs stem cells, which consequently contributes to postmenopausal disorders. Six-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were ovariectomized, following which they received 17β-estradiol replacement or vehicle (control). Sham-operated mice were used as healthy controls. All mice were killed for evaluation 2 months after treatments. Compared with the healthy control, ovariectomy significantly decreased uterine weight, which was partially recovered by 17β-estradiol replacement. Ovariectomy significantly increased the numbers of c-kit-positive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in bone marrow, but impaired their capacity to grow mixed cell-type colonies in vitro. Estrogen replacement further increased the numbers of c-kit-positive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in bone marrow, without significantly affecting colony growth in vitro. The number of CD105-positive mesenchymal stem cells in bone marrow also significantly decreased after ovariectomy, but completely recovered following estrogen replacement. Otherwise, neither ovariectomy nor estrogen replacement changed the number of Pax7-positive satellite cells, which are a skeletal muscle-type stem cell. Estrogen deficiency heterogeneously affected tissue-specific stem cells, suggesting a likely and direct relationship with postmenopausal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Kitajima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hanako Doi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yoshishige Urata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shinji Goto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Michio Kitajima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hideaki Masuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Abstract
This review article discusses the mechanisms of cardiomyogenesis in the adult heart. They include the re-entry of cardiomyocytes into the cell cycle; dedifferentiation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes, which assume an immature replicating cell phenotype; transdifferentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into cardiomyocytes; and cardiomyocytes derived from activation and lineage specification of resident cardiac stem cells. The recognition of the origin of cardiomyocytes is of critical importance for the development of strategies capable of enhancing the growth response of the myocardium; in fact, cell therapy for the decompensated heart has to be based on the acquisition of this fundamental biological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarosa Leri
- From the Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Marcello Rota
- From the Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Francesco S Pasqualini
- From the Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Polina Goichberg
- From the Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Piero Anversa
- From the Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Euler G. Good and bad sides of TGFβ-signaling in myocardial infarction. Front Physiol 2015; 6:66. [PMID: 25788886 PMCID: PMC4349055 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a prevailing cause of death in industrial countries. In spite of the good opportunities we have nowadays in interventional cardiology to reopen the clotted coronary arteries for reperfusion of ischemic areas, post-infarct remodeling emerges and contributes to unfavorable structural conversion processes in the myocardium, finally resulting in heart failure. The growth factor TGFβ is upregulated during these processes. In this review, an overview on the functional role of TGFβ signaling in the process of cardiac remodeling is given, as it can influence apoptosis, fibrosis and hypertrophy thereby predominantly aggravating ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Euler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
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Shafiq M, Jung Y, Kim SH. Stem cell recruitment, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration in substance P-conjugated poly(l-lactide-co-ɛ-caprolactone) nonwoven meshes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:2673-88. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq
- Center for Biomaterials; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136791 South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Korea University of Science and Technology; 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305333 South Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Center for Biomaterials; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136791 South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Korea University of Science and Technology; 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305333 South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Center for Biomaterials; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136791 South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Korea University of Science and Technology; 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305333 South Korea
- NBIT; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology; Korea University; Seoul 136701 South Korea
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Kurazumi H, Li TS, Takemoto Y, Suzuki R, Mikamo A, Guo CY, Murata T, Hamano K. Haemodynamic unloading increases the survival and affects the differentiation of cardiac stem cells after implantation into an infarcted heart. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 45:976-982. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Jang HK, Kim BS. Modulation of stem cell differentiation with biomaterials. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 3:80-4. [PMID: 24855545 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2010.3.2.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of stem cells can be controlled with interactions with microenvironments of the stem cells. The interactions contain various signals including soluble growth factor signal, cell adhesion signal, and mechanical signal, which can modulate differentiation of stem cells. Biomaterials can provide these types of signals to induce desirable cellular differentiation. Biomaterials can deliver soluble growth factors locally to stem cells at a controlled rate for a long period. Stem cell adhesion to specific adhesion molecules presented by biomaterials can induce specific differentiation. Mechanical signals can be delivered to stem cells seeded onto biomaterial scaffolds. These approaches would be invaluable for direction of stem cell differentiation and in vivo tissue regeneration using stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ki Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea ; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Wen Z, Mai Z, Zhang H, Chen Y, Geng D, Zhou S, Wang J. Local activation of cardiac stem cells for post-myocardial infarction cardiac repair. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2549-63. [PMID: 22613044 PMCID: PMC4118225 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and resultant chronic heart failure remains extremely poor despite continuous advancements in optimal medical therapy and interventional procedures. Animal experiments and clinical trials using adult stem cell therapy following MI have shown a global improvement of myocardial function. The emergence of stem cell transplantation approaches has recently represented promising alternatives to stimulate myocardial regeneration. Regarding their tissue-specific properties, cardiac stem cells (CSCs) residing within the heart have advantages over other stem cell types to be the best cell source for cell transplantation. However, time-consuming and costly procedures to expanse cells prior to cell transplantation and the reliability of cell culture and expansion may both be major obstacles in the clinical application of CSC-based transplantation therapy after MI. The recognition that the adult heart possesses endogenous CSCs that can regenerate cardiomyocytes and vascular cells has raised the unique therapeutic strategy to reconstitute dead myocardium via activating these cells post-MI. Several strategies, such as growth factors, mircoRNAs and drugs, may be implemented to potentiate endogenous CSCs to repair infarcted heart without cell transplantation. Most molecular and cellular mechanism involved in the process of CSC-based endogenous regeneration after MI is far from understanding. This article reviews current knowledge opening up the possibilities of cardiac repair through CSCs activation in situ in the setting of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhi Wen
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes continues to increase world-wide and is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and rapidly rising health care costs. Although strict glucose control combined with good pharmacological and non-pharmacologic interventions can increase diabetic patient life span, the frequency and mortality of myocardial ischemia and infarction remain drastically increased in diabetic patients. Therefore, more effective therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Over the past 15 years, cellular repair of the injured adult heart has become the focus of a rapidly expanding broad spectrum of pre-clinical and clinical research. Recent clinical trials have achieved favorable initial endpoints with improvements in cardiac function and clinical symptoms following cellular therapy. Due to the increased risk of cardiac disease, cardiac regeneration may be one strategy to treat patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy and/or myocardial infarction. However, pre-clinical studies suggest that the diabetic myocardium may not be a favorable environment for the transplantation and survival of stem cells due to altered kinetics in cellular homing, survival, and in situ remodeling. Therefore, unique conditions in the diabetic myocardium will require novel solutions in order to increase the efficiency of cellular repair following ischemia and/or infarction. This review briefly summarizes some of the recent advances in cardiac regeneration in non-diabetic conditions and then provides an overview of some of the issues related to diabetes that must be addressed in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Louisville, KY USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA ; Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky USA
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Cai A, Qiu R, Li L, Zheng D, Dong Y, Yu D, Huang Y, Rao S, Zhou Y, Mai W. Atorvastatin treatment of rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury improves adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell migration and survival via the SDF-1α/CXCR-4 axis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79100. [PMID: 24312447 PMCID: PMC3846471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) transplantation is a promising approach for myocardium repair. Promotion of ASCs migration and survival is the key for improving ASCs efficiency. SDF-1α is a critical factor responsible for ASCs migration and survival. Atorvastatin (Ator) is capable of up-regulating SDF-1α. Therefore, we're going to investigate whether ASCs migration and survival could be improved with atorvastatin. Methods In vitro study, cardiomyocytes were subjected to anoxia-reoxygenation injury and subsequently divided into different groups: group blank control, Ator, Ator plus L-NAME (A+L-NAME) and Ator plus AMD3100 (A+AMD3100).When migration analysis completed, cardiomyocytes were used for subsequent analyses. In vivo study, rats underwent ischemia-reperfusion injury were assigned into different groups corresponding to in vitro protocols. ASCs were transplanted on the seventh day of atorvastatin therapy. Seven days later, the rates of migration, differentiation and apoptosis were evaluated. Results Compared with other groups, ASCs migration in vitro was significantly improved in group Ator, which was dependent on SDF-1α/CXCR-4 coupling. Results of in vivo study were consistent with that of in vitro study, further supporting the notion that the efficacy of atorvastatin on ASCs migration improvement was related to SDF-1α/CXCR-4 axis. Higher vessel density in group Ator might be another mechanism responsible for migration improvement. Concomitantly, apoptosis was significantly reduced in group Ator, whereas no significant difference of differentiation was found. Conclusion Migration and survival of ASCs could be improved by atorvastatin under ischemia-reperfusion injury, which were ascribed to SDF-1α/CXCR-4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruofeng Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongdan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yugang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danqing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqi Rao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingling Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (WM)
| | - Weiyi Mai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (WM)
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Fröhlich S, Murphy N, Ryan D, Boylan JF. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: current concepts and future directions. Anaesth Intensive Care 2013; 41:463-72. [PMID: 23808504 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1304100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is one of the leading causes of death in critically ill patients. Recent advances in supportive care have led to a moderate improvement in mortality. In particular, a much lower mortality rate than expected was evident in the severest category of patients (requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) in Australia during the recent H1N1 pandemic. Though improvements in supportive care may have provided some benefit, there remains an absence of effective biological agents that are necessary to achieve further incremental reduction in mortality. This article will review the evidence available for current treatment strategies and discuss future research directions that may eventually improve outcomes in this important global disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fröhlich
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Rouhi L, Kajbafzadeh AM, Modaresi M, Shariati M, Hamrahi D. Autologous serum enhances cardiomyocyte differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the presence of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:287-94. [PMID: 23519561 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In spite of previous reports, the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on cardiomyocyte differentiation, especially in the present autologous serum (AS) in culture medium, is still unclear. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) to proliferate and differentiate towards cardiomyocyte lineage with the use of AS. Most expansion protocols use a medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) as nutritional supplement. FBS is an adverse additive to cells that are proliferated for therapeutic purposes in humans because the use of FBS carries the risk of transmitting viral and bacterial infections and proteins that may initiate xenogeneic immune responses. Therefore, bone marrow cells were cultured in a medium supplemented with 10% AS, 10% FBS, and serum free medium (SFM). Then, rBMSCs were cultured with TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) for 2 wk. The number of viable cells in AS and FBS groups were measured with MTT assay. Beating areas frequency, up to fourth week after plating, were monitored and evaluated daily. The characteristics of cardiomyocytes were assessed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot. MTT result indicated that rBMSCs in AS proliferated markedly faster than FBS and SFM. The number of beating areas significantly increased in AS compared to FBS medium. A noticeable increase in the cardiac genes expression was observed in AS. Moreover, western blot analysis confirmed that cardiac proteins were increased in the AS condition. In conclusion, the present study could be extended toward the safe culture of MSCs for the treatment of heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Rouhi
- Department of Animal Biology-Developmental, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran.
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Cárdenes N, Cáceres E, Romagnoli M, Rojas M. Mesenchymal stem cells: a promising therapy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respiration 2013; 85:267-78. [PMID: 23428562 DOI: 10.1159/000347072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a pulmonary syndrome with growing prevalence and high mortality and morbidity that increase with age. There is no current therapy able to restore pulmonary function in ARDS patients. Preclinical models of ARDS have demonstrated that intratracheal or systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) protects the lung against injury. The mechanisms responsible for the protective effects are multiple, including the secretion of multiple paracrine factors capable of modulating the immune response and restoring epithelial and endothelial integrity. Recent studies have demonstrated that MSCs can also control oxidative stress, transfer functional mitochondria to the damaged cells, and control bacterial infection by secretion of antibacterial peptides. These characteristics make MSCs promising candidates for ARDS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayra Cárdenes
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Tseliou E, Pollan S, Malliaras K, Terrovitis J, Sun B, Galang G, Marbán L, Luthringer D, Marbán E. Allogeneic cardiospheres safely boost cardiac function and attenuate adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction in immunologically mismatched rat strains. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61:1108-19. [PMID: 23352785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to characterize the immunologic profile of allogeneic cardiospheres, which are 3-dimensional, self-assembling, cardiac-derived microtissues, and to evaluate their safety and efficacy in repairing ischemic heart tissue. BACKGROUND Intramyocardial injection of autologous cardiospheres ameliorates remodeling and improves global function in infarcted myocardium. It is as yet unknown whether allogeneic cardiospheres are similarly effective without eliciting deleterious immune reactions. METHODS We expanded cardiospheres from male Wistar Kyoto rat hearts and injected them surgically in the peri-infarct zone of Wistar Kyoto (syngeneic group, n = 28) and Brown Norway female rats (allogeneic group, n = 29). Female rats from both strains (n = 37) injected with normal saline served as controls. RESULTS In vitro, cardiospheres expressed a low immunogenic profile and inhibited proliferation of alloreactive T cells. In vivo, cell engraftment was similar in the syngeneic and allogeneic groups 1 week and 3 weeks after transplantation. Reductions in scar size and scar collagen content and increases in viable mass in the risk region were accompanied by improvements in left ventricular function and attenuation of left ventricle remodeling that were sustained during 6 months of follow up. Transplantation of allogeneic cardiospheres increased tissue expression of the regenerative growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1, stimulating angiogenesis. Syngeneic and allogeneic cardiospheres attenuated the inflammatory response observed histologically in the peri-infarct region. CONCLUSIONS Allogeneic cardiospheres increase viable myocardium, decrease scar, improve function, and attenuate adverse remodeling in the infarcted rat heart, without deleterious immunological sequelae. These observations lay the groundwork for developing cardiospheres as a novel off-the-shelf microtissue product for myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tseliou
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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Ahmed LA. Stem cells and cardiac repair: alternative and multifactorial approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2050-1218-2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Escobedo-Uribe CD, Monsiváis-Urenda AE, López-Quijano JM, Carrillo-Calvillo J, Leiva-Pons JL, Peña-Duque MA. [Cell therapy for ischemic heart disease]. ARCHIVOS DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 2012; 82:218-29. [PMID: 23021359 DOI: 10.1016/j.acmx.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death and heart failure worldwide. That is why it is important to develop new therapeutic modalities to decrease mortality and long-term complications in these patients. One of the main lines of research worldwide is myocardial regeneration, using progenitor cells in order to improve systolic and diastolic function in patients with ischemic heart disease, as well as to increase their survival. There have been carried out, with great enthusiasm worldwide, human and animal studies to define the usefulness of stem cells in the management of patients with ischemic heart disease. Today, regenerative therapy in ischemic heart disease is considered a novel therapeutic tool, with substantial theoretical benefits and few side effects. Here we present the scientific principles that support the use of this therapy, discuss the current clinical evidence available; and point out the controversial issues still not clarified on its use and usefulness in the short and long term.
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Cerrada I, Ruiz-Saurí A, Carrero R, Trigueros C, Dorronsoro A, Sanchez-Puelles JM, Diez-Juan A, Montero JA, Sepúlveda P. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha contributes to cardiac healing in mesenchymal stem cells-mediated cardiac repair. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:501-11. [PMID: 22873764 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are effective in treating myocardial infarction (MI) and previous reports demonstrated that hypoxia improves MSC self-renewal and therapeutics. Considering that hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a master regulator of the adaptative response to hypoxia, we hypothesized that HIF-1α overexpression in MSC could mimic some of the mechanisms triggered by hypoxia and increase their therapeutic potential without hypoxia stimulation. Transduction of MSC with HIF-1α lentivirus vectors (MSC-HIF) resulted in increased cell adhesion and migration, and activation of target genes coding for paracrine factors. When MSC-HIF were intramyocardially injected in infarcted nude rats, significant improvement was found (after treatment of infarcted rats with MSC-HIF) in terms of cardiac function, angiogenesis, cardiomyocyte proliferation, and reduction of fibrotic tissue with no induction of cardiac hypertrophy. This finding provides evidences for a crucial role of HIF-1α on MSC biology and suggests the stabilization of HIF-1α as a novel strategy for cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Cerrada
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Wang MK, Sun HQ, Xiang YC, Jiang F, Su YP, Zou ZM. Different roles of TGF-β in the multi-lineage differentiation of stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2012; 4:28-34. [PMID: 22993659 PMCID: PMC3443709 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v4.i5.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are a population of cells that has infinite or long-term self-renewal ability and can produce various kinds of descendent cells. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family is a superfamily of growth factors, including TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3, bone morphogenetic proteins, activin/inhibin, and some other cytokines such as nodal, which plays very important roles in regulating a wide variety of biological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, cell death. TGF-β, a pleiotropic cytokine, has been proved to be differentially involved in the regulation of multi-lineage differentiation of stem cells, through the Smad pathway, non-Smad pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT pathways and Rho-like GTPase signaling pathways, and their cross-talks. For instance, it is generally known that TGF-β promotes the differentiation of stem cells into smooth muscle cells, immature cardiomyocytes, chondrocytes, neurocytes, hepatic stellate cells, Th17 cells, and dendritic cells. However, TGF-β inhibits the differentiation of stem cells into myotubes, adipocytes, endothelial cells, and natural killer cells. Additionally, TGF-β can provide competence for early stages of osteoblastic differentiation, but at late stages TGF-β acts as an inhibitor. The three mammalian isoforms (TGF-β1, 2 and 3) have distinct but overlapping effects on hematopoiesis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the regulatory effect of TGF-β in the stem cell multi-lineage differentiation is of importance in stem cell biology, and will facilitate both basic research and clinical applications of stem cells. In this article, we discuss the current status and progress in our understanding of different mechanisms by which TGF-β controls multi-lineage differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ke Wang
- Ming-Ke Wang, Fan Jiang, Zhong-Min Zou, Department of Chemical Defense and Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Zhao L, Hantash BM. TGF-β1 regulates differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2012; 87:127-41. [PMID: 22127241 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386015-6.00042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are a small population of stromal cells present in most adult connective tissues, such as bone marrow, fat tissue, and umbilical cord blood. MSCs are maintained in a relative state of quiescence in vivo but, in response to a variety of physiological and pathological stimuli, are capable of proliferating then differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, or other mesoderm-type lineages like smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and cardiomyocytes. Multiple signaling networks orchestrate MSCs differentiating into functional mesenchymal lineages. Among these, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has emerged as a key player. Hence, we summarize the effects of TGF-β1 on differentiation of MSCs toward different lineages. TGF-β1 can induce either chondrogenic or SMC differentiation of MSCs in vitro. However, it requires cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, similar to development of these tissues in vivo. The effect of TGF-β1-regulated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro depends on the specific culture conditions involved. TGF-β1 inhibits adipogenic differentiation of MSCs in monolayer culture. Using this information, we may optimize the culture conditions to differentiate MSCs into desired lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmei Zhao
- Escape Therapeutics, Inc., San Jose, California, USA
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