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Wu KC, Leong IL, Leung YM. Ca 2+-sensing receptor-TRP channel-mediated Ca 2+ signaling: Functional diversity and pharmacological complexity. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176717. [PMID: 38857682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by elevated concentrations of extracellular Ca2+, and was initially known for its regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) release. Ubiquitous expression of CaSR in different tissues and organs was later noted and CaSR participation in various physiological functions was demonstrated. Accumulating evidence has suggested that CaSR functionally interacts with transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are mostly non-selective cation channels involved in sensing temperature, pain and stress. This review describes the interactions of CaSR with TRP channels in diverse cell types to trigger a variety of biological responses. CaSR has been known to interact with different types of G proteins. Possible involvements of G proteins, other signaling and scaffolding protein intermediates in CaSR-TRP interaction are discussed. In addition, an attempt will be made to extend the current understanding of biased agonism of CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- King-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan; Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Iat-Lon Leong
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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2
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Carlton‐Carew SRE, Greenberg HZE, Greenwood IA, Albert AP. Stimulation of the calcium-sensing receptor induces relaxations through CGRP and NK1 receptor-mediated pathways in male rat mesenteric arteries. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16125. [PMID: 39031618 PMCID: PMC11189779 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) regulates vascular contractility, but cellular mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study investigated the role of perivascular sensory nerves in CaSR-induced relaxations of male rat mesenteric arteries. In fluorescence studies, colocalisation between synaptophysin, a synaptic vesicle marker, and the CaSR was present in the adventitial layer of arterial segments. Using wire myography, increasing external Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o) from 1 to 10 mM induced vasorelaxations, previously shown to involve the CaSR, which were inhibited by pretreatment with capsaicin. [Ca2+]o-induced vasorelaxations were partially reduced by the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor blockers, CGRP 8-37 and BIBN 4096, and the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor blocker L733,060. The inhibitory effect of CGRP 8-37 required a functional endothelium whereas the inhibitory action of L733,060 did not. Complete inhibition of [Ca2+]o-induced vasorelaxations occurred when CGRP 8-37 and L733,060 were applied together. [Ca2+]o-induced vasorelaxations in the presence of capsaicin were abolished by the ATP-dependent K+ channel (KATP) blocker PNU 37883, but unaffected by the endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor L-NAME. We suggest that the CaSR on perivascular sensory nerves mediate relaxations in rat mesenteric arteries via endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms involving CGRP and NK1 receptor-activated NO production and KATP channels, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry Z. E. Greenberg
- Vascular Biology Section, Cardiovascular & Genomics Research InstituteSt. George's, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Iain A. Greenwood
- Vascular Biology Section, Cardiovascular & Genomics Research InstituteSt. George's, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Anthony P. Albert
- Vascular Biology Section, Cardiovascular & Genomics Research InstituteSt. George's, University of LondonLondonUK
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3
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Zhang J, Li Q, Liao P, Xiao R, Zhu L, Hu Q. Calcium sensing receptor: A promising therapeutic target in pulmonary hypertension. Life Sci 2024; 340:122472. [PMID: 38290572 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. The increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance due to sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling can lead to right heart failure and eventual death. A rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and enhanced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation contribute to pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Recent studies demonstrated that extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) as a G-protein coupled receptor participates in [Ca2+]i increase induced by hypoxia in the experimental animals of PH and in PH patients. Pharmacological blockade or gene knockout of CaSR significantly attenuates the development of PH. This review will aim to discuss and update the pathogenicity of CaSR attributed to onset and progression in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinli Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District Wuhan City and Union Dongxihu Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Liao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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4
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Carlton‐Carew SRE, Greenberg HZE, Connor EJ, Zadeh P, Greenwood IA, Albert AP. Stimulation of the calcium-sensing receptor induces relaxations of rat mesenteric arteries by endothelium-dependent and -independent pathways via BK Ca and K ATP channels. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15926. [PMID: 38281732 PMCID: PMC10822715 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) induces both vasoconstrictions and vasorelaxations but underlying cellular processes remain unclear. This study investigates expression and effect of stimulating the CaSR by increasing external Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]o ) on contractility of rat mesenteric arteries. Immunofluorescence studies showed expression of the CaSR in perivascular nerves, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and vascular endothelium cells. Using wire myography, increasing [Ca2+ ]o from 1 to 10 mM induced vasorelaxations which were inhibited by the calcilytic Calhex-231 and partially dependent on a functional endothelium. [Ca2+ ]o -induced vasorelaxations were reduced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS, L-NAME) and large conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channels (BKCa , iberiotoxin), with their inhibitory action requiring a functional endothelium. [Ca2+ ]o -induced vasorelaxations were also markedly inhibited by an ATP-dependent K+ channel (KATP ) blocker (PNU37883), which did not require a functional endothelium to produce its inhibitory action. Inhibitor studies also suggested contributory roles for inward rectifying K+ channels (Kir ), Kv7 channels, and small conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channels (SKCa ) on [Ca2+ ]o -induced vasorelaxations. These findings indicate that stimulation of the CaSR mediates vasorelaxations involving multiple pathways, including an endothelium-dependent pathway involving NO production and activation of BKCa channels and an endothelium-independent pathway involving stimulation of KATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonette R. E. Carlton‐Carew
- Vascular Biology Research Section, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt. George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Harry Z. E. Greenberg
- Vascular Biology Research Section, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt. George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Eleanor J. Connor
- Vascular Biology Research Section, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt. George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Pooneh Zadeh
- Vascular Biology Research Section, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt. George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Iain A. Greenwood
- Vascular Biology Research Section, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt. George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Anthony P. Albert
- Vascular Biology Research Section, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt. George's University of LondonLondonUK
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5
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Sood A, Singh G, Singh TG, Gupta K. Pathological role of the calcium-sensing receptor in sepsis-induced hypotensive shock: Therapeutic possibilities and unanswered questions. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1241-1245. [PMID: 35689439 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening disease involving multiorgan dysfunction, prompted by an unregulated host response to infection. Shock is a complication of sepsis in which the circulatory and cellular metabolism anomalies are significant enough to raise the risk of death. Calcium dyshomeostasis occurs during sepsis condition due to imbalance between calcium uptake and excessive release induced by inflammatory cytokines. This calcium imbalance can cause activation of calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs) located on the surface of T cells and thereby promote release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The elevated ROS and inflammatory cytokines during sepsis condition have been reported to directly damage the endothelial cells, disrupt the barrier functions that might result in leakage of fluids, and inflammatory cells in tissues Moreover, several evidence have revealed that the calcium mediated activation of CaSR could produce systemic vasodilatory response by stimulating the nitric oxide production and opening of calcium-activated potassium channels, while infusion of its antagonist elevated the blood pressure. These evidence indicate that activation of CaSR during sepsis conditions results in release of ROS and inflammatory cytokines, which could produce an endothelial barrier damage, cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These pathological events could produce loss of fluid in tissues and cardiac dysfunction. Further the direct vasodilatory effects of CaSR activation might add to the shock-like condition. Thus, we hereby propose that inhibition of CaSR could suppress the release of ROS, inflammatory mediators, and thereby prevent the endothelial damage, cardiac dysfunction, and maintain systemic vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sood
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Gaaminepreet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur G Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Kirti Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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6
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Xiao H, Yan Y, Gu Y, Zhang Y. Strategy for sodium-salt substitution: On the relationship between hypertension and dietary intake of cations. Food Res Int 2022; 156:110822. [PMID: 35650987 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVD), have become one of the main causes affecting human health. Hypertension is a prominent representative of CVD. The formation and development of hypertension is closely related to people's daily diet. A large number of studies have shown that excessive intake of salt (NaCl) could increase the risk of hypertension. In recent years, more and more investigations have focused on other cations that may be contained in edible salt, exploring whether they have an effect on hypertension and the underlying mechanism. This article focuses on the relationship between four metal elements (potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc) and hypertension, by discussing the main metabolic pathway, the impact of diet intake on blood pressure, and especially the regulation mechanisms on blood pressure in detail. At the same time, some opinions and suggestions are put forward, combined with the current hot topics "salt reduction" and "salt substitution".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yali Yan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanpei Gu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Hsieh YS, Shin YK, Seol GH. Protection of the neurovascular unit from calcium-related ischemic injury by linalyl acetate. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:88-96. [PMID: 33938819 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_94_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-related ischemic injury (CRII) can damage cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Here, we investigate the protective effects of linalyl acetate (LA) against CRII-induced NVU damage and evaluate the underlying mechanisms. The protective effects of LA in cell lines representative of NVU components (BEND, SH-SY5Y, BV2, and U373 cells) were evaluated following exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation alone (OGD/R-only) or OGD/R in the presence of 5 mM extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]o) to mimic CRII. LA reversed damage under OGD/R-only conditions by blocking p47phox/NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, nitric oxide (NO) abnormality, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release only in the BEND cells. However, under CRII-mimicking conditions, LA reversed NO abnormality and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activation in the BEND murine brain endothelial cells; inhibited p47phox expression in the human SH-SY5Y neural-like cells; decreased NOX2 expression and ROS generation in the BV2 murine microglial cells; and reduced p47phox expression in the U373 human astrocyte-like cells. Importantly, LA protected against impairment of the neural cells, astrocytes, and microglia, all of which are cellular components of the NVU induced by exposure to CRII-mimicking conditions, by reducing LDH release. We found that LA exerted a protective effect in the BEND cells that may differ from its protective effects in other NVU cell types, following OGD/R-induced damage in the context of elevated [Ca2+]o.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shan Hsieh
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You Kyoung Shin
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing; BK21 FOUR Program of Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Leong IL, Tsai TY, Shiao LR, Zhang YM, Wong KL, Chan P, Leung YM. Characterization of Ca 2+-Sensing Receptor-Mediated Ca 2+ Influx in Microvascular bEND.3 Endothelial Cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:80-87. [PMID: 33938818 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_93_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSR), activated by elevated concentrations of extracellular Ca2+, have been known to regulate functions of thyroid cells, neurons, and endothelial cells (EC). In this report, we studied CaSR-mediated Ca2+ influx in mouse cerebral microvascular EC (bEND.3 cells). Cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration and Mn2+ influx were measured by fura-2 microfluorometry. High (3 mM) Ca2+ (CaSR agonist), 3 mM spermine (CaSR agonist), and 10 μM cinacalcet (positive allosteric modulator of CaSR) all triggered Ca2+ influx; however, spermine, unlike high Ca2+ and cinacalcet, did not promote Mn2+ influx and its response was poorly sensitive to SKF 96365, a TRP channel blocker. Consistently, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and ruthenium red (two other general TRP channel blockers) suppressed Ca2+ influx triggered by cinacalcet and high Ca2+ but not by spermine. Ca2+ influx triggered by high Ca2+, spermine, and cinacalcet was similarly suppressed by A784168, a potent and selective TRPV1 antagonist. Our results suggest that CaSR activation triggered Ca2+ influx via TRPV1 channels; intriguingly, pharmacological, and permeability properties of such Ca2+ influx depended on the stimulating ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iat-Lon Leong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau, China
| | - Tien-Yao Tsai
- Cardiovascular Division, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City; Department of Cardiology, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan County, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Ru Shiao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Zhang
- VIP Department, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kar-Lok Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital; Department of Anesthesiology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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The calcimimetic R-568 attenuates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm through PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway in the rat model. Brain Res 2021; 1765:147508. [PMID: 33930376 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) causes mortality and morbidity in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The mechanism and adequate treatment of CVS are still elusive. R-568 is a calcimimetic agent known to exert a vasodilating effect. However, there is no report on its vasodilator effect against SAH-induced vasospasm. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of R-568 on the SAH-induced CVS model in rats. Seventy-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 8 groups: sham surgery; SAH only; SAH + Vehicle, SAH + R-568; SAH + R-568 + Wortmannin (the PI3K inhibitor); SAH + Wortmannin; SAH + R-568 + Calhex-231 (a calcilytic agent); SAH + Calhex-231. SAH was induced by blood (0.3 mL) given by intracisternal injection. R-568 (20 µM) was administered intracisternal immediately prior to experimental SAH. Basilar arteries (BAs) were obtained to evaluate PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway (immunoblotting) and morphological changes 48 h after SAH. Perimeters of BAs were decreased by 24.1% in the SAH group compared to the control group and the wall thickness was increased by 75.3%. With R-568 treatment, those percentages were 9.6% and 29.6%, respectively, indicating that vasospasm was considerably improved when compared with the SAH group (P < 0.001 in both). While p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt ratio and eNOS protein expression were markedly decreased in the SAH rats, treatment with R-568 resulted in a significant increase in these levels. The beneficial effects of R-568 were partially blocked in the presence of Calhex-231 and completely blocked in the presence of Wortmannin. Herein, we found that treatment with R-568 would attenuate SAH-induced CVS through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway and demonstrate therapeutic promise in CVS treatment following SAH.
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Sundararaman SS, van der Vorst EPC. Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR), Its Impact on Inflammation and the Consequences on Cardiovascular Health. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2478. [PMID: 33804544 PMCID: PMC7957814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR) is a cell surface receptor belonging to the family of G-protein coupled receptors. CaSR is mainly expressed by parathyroid glands, kidneys, bone, skin, adipose tissue, the gut, the nervous system, and the cardiovascular system. The receptor, as its name implies is involved in sensing calcium fluctuations in the extracellular matrix of cells, thereby having a major impact on the mineral homeostasis in humans. Besides calcium ions, the receptor is also activated by other di- and tri-valent cations, polypeptides, polyamines, antibiotics, calcilytics and calcimimetics, which upon binding induce intracellular signaling pathways. Recent studies have demonstrated that CaSR influences a wide variety of cells and processes that are involved in inflammation, the cardiovascular system, such as vascular calcification, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, hypertension, and obesity. Therefore, in this review, the current understanding of the role that CaSR plays in inflammation and its consequences on the cardiovascular system will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sahana Sundararaman
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
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11
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Mittal A, Park PD, Mitchell R, Fang H, Bagher P. Comparison of Adrenergic and Purinergic Receptor Contributions to Vasomotor Responses in Mesenteric Arteries of C57BL/6J Mice and Wistar Rats. J Vasc Res 2020; 58:1-15. [PMID: 33311016 DOI: 10.1159/000511462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The sympathetic nervous system can modulate arteriolar tone through release of adenosine triphosphate and norepinephrine, which bind to purinergic and adrenergic receptors (ARs), respectively. The expression pattern of these receptors, as well as the composition of neurotransmitters released from perivascular nerves (PVNs), can vary both in organ systems within and across species, such as mice and rats. OBJECTIVE This study explores the function of α1A subtypes in mouse and rat third-order mesenteric arteries and investigates PVN-mediated vasoconstriction to identify which neurotransmitters are released from sympathetic PVNs. METHODS Third-order mesenteric arteries from male C57BL/6J mice and Wistar rats were isolated and mounted on a wire myograph for functional assessment. Arteries were exposed to phenylephrine (PE) and then incubated with either α1A antagonist RS100329 (RS) or α1D antagonist BMY7378, before reexposure to PE. Electrical field stimulation was performed by passing current through platinum electrodes positioned adjacent to arteries in the absence and presence of a nonspecific alpha AR blocker phentolamine and/or P2X1-specific purinergic receptor blocker NF449. RESULTS Inhibition of α1 ARs by RS revealed that PE-induced vasoconstriction is primarily mediated through α1A and that the contribution of the α1A AR is greater in rats than in mice. In the mouse model, sympathetic nerve-mediated vasoconstriction is mediated by both ARs and purinergic receptors, whereas in rats, vasoconstriction appeared to only be mediated by ARs and a nonpurinergic neurotransmitter. Further, neither model demonstrated that α1D ARs play a significant role in PE-mediated vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS The mesenteric arteries of male C57BL/6J mice and Wistar rats have subtle differences in the signaling mechanisms used to mediate vasoconstriction. As signaling pathways in humans under physiological and pathophysiological conditions become better defined, the current study may inform animal model selection for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Mittal
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Peter D Park
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Ray Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Hanwei Fang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pooneh Bagher
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA,
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12
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Wehland M, Simonsen U, Buus NH, Krüger M, Grimm D. An evaluation of the fixed-dose combination sacubitril/valsartan for the treatment of arterial hypertension. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:1133-1143. [PMID: 32133873 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1735356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Essential hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and mortality with increasing prevalence. Despite the availability of various antihypertensive agents, hypertension is still poorly controlled. Therefore, new chemical compounds with antihypertensive efficacy need to be developed. The dual angiotensin II receptor-neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696 is a single molecule synthesized by co-crystallization of valsartan and the neprilysin inhibitor prodrug sacubitril (1:1 molar ratio). AREAS COVERED This review includes an overview of hypertension and the current pharmacotherapy. The authors summarize the LCZ696 drug chemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, randomized control trials (RCTs), and safety concerns. Databases searched included PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov. EXPERT OPINION LCZ696 is effective in hypertension treatment. Short-term RCTs have shown that the highest doses of LCZ696 (200 and 400 mg [q.d.]) were more effective at lowering office and ambulatory blood pressure than angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) alone while having a similar tolerability profile. The effects of LCZ696 on hypertensive organ damage are only sparsely investigated and so far no studies have established the impact of LCZ696 on cardiovascular event rates. Future studies should focus on the comparison of LCZ696 and combination therapies already in use such as ARB and calcium channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wehland
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark.,Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Henrik Buus
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark.,Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Mechanical Engineering, Otto von Guericke University , Magdeburg, Germany
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13
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Greenberg HZE, Carlton-Carew SRE, Zargaran AK, Jahan KS, Birnbaumer L, Albert AP. Heteromeric TRPV4/TRPC1 channels mediate calcium-sensing receptor-induced relaxations and nitric oxide production in mesenteric arteries: comparative study using wild-type and TRPC1 -/- mice. Channels (Austin) 2019; 13:410-423. [PMID: 31603369 PMCID: PMC7426016 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2019.1673131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously provided pharmacological evidence that stimulation of calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR) induces endothelium-dependent relaxations of rabbit mesenteric arteries through activation of heteromeric TRPV4/TRPC1 channels and nitric oxide (NO) production. The present study further investigates the role of heteromeric TRPV4/TRPC1 channels in these CaSR-induced vascular responses by comparing responses in mesenteric arteries from wild-type (WT) and TRPC1-/- mice. In WT mice, stimulation of CaSR induced endothelium-dependent relaxations of pre-contracted tone and NO generation in endothelial cells (ECs), which were inhibited by the TRPV4 channel blocker RN1734 and the TRPC1 blocking antibody T1E3. In addition, TRPV4 and TRPC1 proteins were colocalised at, or close to, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells (ECs) from WT mice. In contrast, in TRPC1-/- mice, CaSR-mediated vasorelaxations and NO generation were greatly reduced, unaffected by T1E3, but blocked by RN1734. In addition, the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A (GSK) induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxations which were blocked by RN1734 and T1E3 in WT mice, but only by RN1734 in TRPC1-/- mice. Moreover, GSK activated cation channel activity with a 6pS conductance in WT ECs but with a 52 pS conductance in TRPC1-/- ECs. These results indicate that stimulation of CaSR activates heteromeric TRPV4/TRPC1 channels and NO production in ECs, which are responsible for endothelium-dependent vasorelaxations. This study also suggests that heteromeric TRPV4-TRPC1 channels may form the predominant TRPV4-containing channels in mouse mesenteric artery ECs. Together, our data further implicates CaSR-induced pathways and heteromeric TRPV4/TRPC1 channels in the regulation of vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Z E Greenberg
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Simonette R E Carlton-Carew
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexander K Zargaran
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Kazi S Jahan
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anthony P Albert
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
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14
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CaSR participates in the regulation of vascular tension in the mesentery of hypertensive rats via the PLC‑IP3/AC‑V/cAMP/RAS pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4433-4448. [PMID: 31485595 PMCID: PMC6797953 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that severely impairs human health; however, its specific etiology and pathogenesis are complex. The present study investigated the effects of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) on vascular tone in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and clarified the role and mechanism of CaSR in regulating this property with respect to the phospholipase C (PLC)-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)/adenylate cyclase-V(AC-V)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/renin-angiotensin system (RAS) pathway in these animals. CaSR protein expression in the mesenteric artery (MA) of rats and CaSR protein expression in SHRs were significantly reduced. Based on wire myography studies, vasoconstriction was significantly augmented and vasodilatation was attenuated in SHRs, and this effect was endothelium-independent. The CaSR calcimimetic NPSR568 and inhibitor NPS2143 reduced vasoconstriction and enhanced vasodilation in SHRs. Furthermore, pretreatment with PLC-IP3/AC-V/cAMP/RAS pathway blockers significantly reduced the vasoconstriction response and enhanced the vasodilator response in SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), and these effects were partially dependent on the endothelium. Additionally, pretreatment with CaSR inhibitors were determined to cooperate with the PLC-IP3/AC-V/cAMP/RAS pathway inhibitors to significantly reduce vasoconstriction and enhance vasodilation in SHRs and WKY. Our results demonstrated that CaSR is functionally expressed in the MA of SHRs, and that CaSR expression is decreased in SHRs. Additionally, vasoconstriction was enhanced while vasodilatation was attenuated in SHRs; these processes were determined to be endothelium-independent. CaSR is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and vascular tension in SHRs and WKYs. In association with mechanistic differences, this effect was proposed to be partially endothelium-dependent and mediated by the PLC-IP3/AC-V/cAMP/RAS pathway.
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15
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Chen Y, Gao Y, Tao Y, Lin D, An S. Identification of a Calcium-sensing Receptor in Human Dental Pulp Cells That Regulates Mineral Trioxide Aggregate–induced Mineralization. J Endod 2019; 45:907-916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Antagonism of Ca 2+-sensing receptors by NPS 2143 is transiently masked by p38 activation in mouse brain bEND.3 endothelial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:823-832. [PMID: 30826858 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSR) are G protein-coupled receptors which are activated by a rise in extracellular Ca2+. CaSR activation has been known to inhibit parathyroid hormone release and stimulate calcitonin release from parathyroid glands and thyroid parafollicular C cells, respectively. The roles of CaSR in other cell types including endothelial cells (EC) are much less understood. In this work, we demonstrated protein and functional expression of CaSR in mouse cerebral EC (bEND.3). Unexpectedly, CaSR response (high Ca2+-elicited cytosolic [Ca2+] elevation) was unaffected by edelfosine or U73122 but strongly suppressed by SK&F 96365, ruthenium red, and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), suggesting involvement of TRPV and TRPC channels but not Gq-phospholipase C. Acute application of NPS2143, a negative allosteric modulator of CaSR, suppressed CaSR response. However, a 40-min NPS2143 pre-treatment surprisingly enhanced CaSR response. After 4-24 h of application, this enhancement faded away and suppression of CaSR response was observed again. Similar results were obtained when La3+ and Sr2+ were used as CaSR agonists. The transient NPS 2143 enhancement effect was abolished by SB203580, a p38 inhibitor. Consistently, NPS 2143 triggered a transient p38 activation. Taken together, results suggest that in bEND.3 cells, NPS 2143 caused acute suppression of CaSR response, but then elicited a transient enhancement of CaSR response in a p38-dependent manner. NPS 2143 effects on CaSR in bEND.3 cells therefore depended on drug exposure time. These findings warrant cautious use of this agent as a CaSR modulator and potential cardiovascular drug.
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17
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Sun R, Zhang W, Zhong H, Wang L, Tang N, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang T, He F. Calcimimetic R568 reduced the blood pressure and improved aortic remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats by inhibiting local renin-angiotensin system activity. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4089-4099. [PMID: 30402152 PMCID: PMC6200994 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that seriously affects human health. Activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) inhibits cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation by increasing [Ca2+]i and subsequently inhibiting renin release. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the development of essential hypertension (EH). The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of NPSR568 (R568)-activated CaSR on blood pressure (BP), proliferation, and remodeling of vascular smooth muscle cells, and the activity of the RAS in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). In this study, we treated SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats with R568 for 8 weeks. The tail-cuff method was used to assess rat BP weekly. Morphological changes in the thoracic aorta were evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of RAS-related proteins and proliferative remodeling proteins in the thoracic aorta. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the content of cAMP, the RAS, and the CaSR in plasma and the thoracic aorta. Finally, we found that treatment with R568 for 8 weeks reduced the BP and inhibited arterial vascular proliferation remodeling in SHRs. R568 administration significantly suppressed the activity of local RAS in the thoracic aortas of SHRs. Moreover, R568 treatment reversed the low expression of CaSR in SHRs. R568 may serve as an effective strategy against EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China.,Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Lamei Wang
- Centre of Medical Functional Experiments, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
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18
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Di Pietro N, Potenza MA, Di Silvestre S, Addabbo F, Di Pietrantonio N, Di Tomo P, Pipino C, Mandatori D, Palmerini C, Failli P, Bonomini M, Montagnani M, Pandolfi A. Calcimimetic R-568 vasodilatory effect on mesenteric vascular beds from normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Potential involvement of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202354. [PMID: 30092054 PMCID: PMC6084966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential role of calcimimetics as vasculotropic agents has been suggested since the discovery that calcium sensing receptors (CaSRs) are expressed in cardiovascular tissues. However, whether this effect is CaSR-dependent or -independent is still unclear. In the present study the vascular activity of calcimimetic R-568 was investigated in mesenteric vascular beds (MVBs) isolated from Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHR) and the relative age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats. Pre-constricted MBVs were perfused with increasing concentrations of R-568 (10 nM– 30 μM) resulting in a rapid dose-dependent vasodilatation. However, in MVBs from SHR this was preceded by a small but significant vasoconstriction at lowest nanomolar concentrations used (10–300 nM). Pre-treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS, L-NAME), KCa channels (CTX), cyclo-oxygenase (INDO) and CaSR (Calhex) or the endothelium removal suggest that NO, CaSR and the endothelium itself contribute to the R-568 vasodilatory/vasoconstrictor effects observed respectively in WKY/SHR MVBs. Conversely, the vasodilatory effects resulted by highest R-568 concentration were independent of these factors. Then, the ability of lower R-568 doses (0.1–1 μM) to activate endothelial-NOS (eNOS) pathway in MVBs homogenates was evaluated. The Akt and eNOS phosphorylation levels resulted increased in WKY homogenates and Calhex significantly blocked this effect. Notably, this did not occur in the SHR. Similarly, vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) stimulation with lower R-568 doses resulted in Akt activation and increased NO production in WKY but not in SHR cells. Interestingly, in these cells this was associated with the absence of the biologically active dimeric form of the CaSR thus potentially contributing to explain the impaired vasorelaxant effect observed in response to R-568 in MVB from SHR compared to WKY. Overall, these findings provide new insight on the mechanisms of action of the calcimimetic R-568 in modulating vascular tone both in physiological and pathological conditions such as hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Male
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/physiopathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Phenethylamines/pharmacology
- Propylamines/pharmacology
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/metabolism
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Sara Di Silvestre
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Addabbo
- Department of Pharmacology and Human Physiology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nadia Di Pietrantonio
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pamela Di Tomo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Domitilla Mandatori
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carola Palmerini
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Failli
- Department of Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Department of Pharmacology and Human Physiology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Aging and Translational Medicine Research Center (CeSI-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail:
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19
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Guo Y, Yang X, He J, Liu J, Yang S, Dong H. Important roles of the Ca 2+-sensing receptor in vascular health and disease. Life Sci 2018; 209:217-227. [PMID: 30098342 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR), a member of G protein-coupled receptor family, is widely expressed in the vascular system, including perivascular neurons, vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). When stimulated, CaSR can further increase the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in two ways: intracellular Ca2+ release from endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) and extracellular Ca2+ entry through Ca2+-permeable cation channels. In endothelium, increased Ca2+ subsequently activate nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (IKCa), resulting in vasodilation through NOS-mediated NO release or membrane hyperpolarization. In VSMCs, CaSR-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase causes blood vessel constriction. CaSR activation predominantly induces vasorelaxation of whole vascular tissues through VECs-dependent mechanisms; however, CaSR-induced Ca2+ signaling in VSMCs may play a braking role in CaSR-mediated vasorelaxation. Emerging evidence reveals the importance of CaSR in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure. Here, we summarized recent advances in CaSR-mediated vascular reaction and the underlying mechanisms in different species, including humans. In addition, several studies have demonstrated that CaSR dysfunction may be associated with some fatal vascular diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, primary hypertension, diabetes, acute myocardial infarction and vascular calcification. With the advance of studies on CaSR in vascular health and disease, it is expected positive modulators or negative modulators of CaSR used for the treatment of specific diseases may be promising therapeutic options for the prevention and/or treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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20
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Kuczera P, Adamczak M, Machnik G, Okopien B, Wiecek A. Treatment Based on Cinacalcet Reduces Oxidative Stress in Hemodialysis Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism. Nephron Clin Pract 2018; 139:286-292. [PMID: 29879701 DOI: 10.1159/000489278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Oxidative stress is one of the leading factors contributing to increased mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). Cinacalcet is now commonly used in the treatment of sHPT in patients with CKD. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of treatment with cinacalcet on the oxidative stress markers in patients on hemodialysis with sHPT. METHODS In 58 hemodialysed patients with sHPT (parathyroid hormone [PTH] > 300 pg/mL) plasma Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP), serum total antioxidant capacity - ImAnOx (TAS/TAC), serum PTH, calcium and phosphate concentrations were assessed before the first dose of cinacalcet and after 6 months of treatment. RESULTS Serum PTH concentration decreased significantly from 895 (748-1,070) to 384 (289-510) pg/mL after 6 months of treatment; p < 0.0001. Mean serum concentrations of -calcium and phosphate remained stable. Plasma AOPP concentration decreased significantly from 152 (126-185) to 49 -(43-57) µmol/L after 6 months of treatment; p < 0.0001. ImAnOx significantly increased from 260 (251-270) to 272 (264-280) µmol/L; p = 0.04. After 6 months of treatment, a significant, positive correlation was found between ImAnOx and the daily dose of cinacalcet (r = 0.30; p = 0.02). Also, the change of serum ImAnOx during treatment with cinacalcet significantly correlated with the daily dose of cinacalcet r = 0.35; p = 0.01. No significant correlations were found between plasma AOPP concentration or ImAnOx and PTH, or their changes in time. CONCLUSIONS (1) Six-month treatment based on cinacalcet seems to reduce oxidative stress markers in maintenance hemodialysis patients with sHPT. (2) This benefit may be related rather to the direct action of cinacalcet than to the serum PTH concentration decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kuczera
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Adamczak
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Okopien
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wiecek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Katowice, Poland
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21
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Lin LY, Yeh YH, Hung GY, Lin CH, Hwang PP, Horng JL. Role of Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Mechanotransducer-Channel-Mediated Ca 2+ Influx in Hair Cells of Zebrafish Larvae. Front Physiol 2018; 9:649. [PMID: 29899708 PMCID: PMC5988855 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is an extracellular Ca2+ sensor that plays a critical role in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis in several organs, including the parathyroid gland and kidneys. In this study, through in situ hybridization, the expression of CaSR mRNA was found in the neuromasts of zebrafish larvae. Immunohistochemistry further demonstrated that the CaSR protein was present in neuromast hair cell stereocilia and basolateral membranes. Based on the expression and subcellular localization of the CaSR in hair cells, we hypothesized that the CaSR is expressed in zebrafish lateral-line hair cells to regulate mechanotransducer (MET)-channel-mediated Ca2+ entry. Using the scanning ion-selective electrode technique, MET-channel-mediated Ca2+ influx at the stereocilia of hair cells was measured in intact larvae. Ca2+ influx was suppressed after larvae were pretreated with a CaSR activator (R-568) or high-Ca2+ (HCa) medium. Gene knockdown by using morpholino oligonucleotides decreased CaSR expression in hair cells and eliminated the effects of R-568 and HCa on Ca2+ influx. In addition, we found that treatment with R-568 attenuated neomycin-induced hair cell death. This study is the first to demonstrate that the CaSR is involved in mechanotransduction in zebrafish hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yih Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsin Yeh
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Giun-Yi Hung
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Lin Horng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Gerbino A, Colella M. The Different Facets of Extracellular Calcium Sensors: Old and New Concepts in Calcium-Sensing Receptor Signalling and Pharmacology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E999. [PMID: 29584660 PMCID: PMC5979557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current interest of the scientific community for research in the field of calcium sensing in general and on the calcium-sensing Receptor (CaR) in particular is demonstrated by the still increasing number of papers published on this topic. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor is the best-known G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) able to sense external Ca2+ changes. Widely recognized as a fundamental player in systemic Ca2+ homeostasis, the CaR is ubiquitously expressed in the human body where it activates multiple signalling pathways. In this review, old and new notions regarding the mechanisms by which extracellular Ca2+ microdomains are created and the tools available to measure them are analyzed. After a survey of the main signalling pathways triggered by the CaR, a special attention is reserved for the emerging concepts regarding CaR function in the heart, CaR trafficking and pharmacology. Finally, an overview on other Ca2+ sensors is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy.
| | - Matilde Colella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy.
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Schreckenberg R, Schlüter KD. Calcium sensing receptor expression and signalling in cardiovascular physiology and disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 107:S1537-1891(17)30323-3. [PMID: 29514057 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Initially identified in the parathyroidea, the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is now recognized as an ubiquitously expressed receptor that exerts specific functions in multiple organs including the cardiovascular system. This review will focus on the role that CaSR plays in vascular and cardiac tissues. In the vasculature, CaSR is expressed in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. CaSR of endothelial cells participates in part to the regulation of local perfusion by linkage of CaSR activation to endothelial hyperpolarization and nitric oxide release. CaSR of smooth muscle cells is involved in the control of proliferation. In the pulmonary vasculature, however, CaSR participates in the onset of pulmonary hypertension, making CaSR antagonism a therapeutic option in this case. In the heart, CaSR is expressed in cardiac fibroblasts and myoyctes, contributing to normal cardiac function and composition of extracellular matrix. More important, activation of CaSR may participate in the cardiac protective effects of ischaemic pre-conditioning. In conclusion, CaSR plays an important physiological role in many regulatory pathways of the cardiovascular system, but due to the complex interaction between various cardiovascular cells and cell-specific effects, use of activators or inhibitors of CaSR for treatment of specific disease forms is yet not on the way.
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Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 α Alleviates Calcium-Sensing Receptor Activation-Mediated Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Caspase-3/Caspase-9-Induced Cell Apoptosis in Rat Free Flaps. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8945850. [PMID: 29568770 PMCID: PMC5820583 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8945850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Surgical flaps are frequently affected by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) are closely associated with myocardial I/R injury. This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of applying SDF-1α to counteract CaSR activation-mediated I/R injury in ischemic free flaps. Free flaps that underwent ischemia for 3 h were equally randomized into five groups: CaCl2, NPS2143 + CaCl2, SDF-1α + CaCl2, AMD3100 + SDF-1α + CaCl2, and normal saline. The free flaps were harvested to evaluate flap necrosis and neovascularization after 2 h or 7 d of reperfusion. p-CaSR/CaSR was extensively expressed in vascular endothelial cells of free flaps after I/R injury, and activation of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis and NPS2143 could reduce the expression of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, FAS, Cyt-c, and Bax and increase Bcl-2 expression; the opposite was true after CaSR activation. Interestingly, initiation of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis might abrogate CaSR activation-induced I/R injury through enhancement of microvessel density. In conclusion, CaSR might become a novel therapeutic target of free flaps affected by I/R injury. Activation of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis and NPS2143 could counteract CaSR activation-mediated I/R injury and promote free flap survival through inhibition of caspase-3/caspase-9-related cell apoptosis and enhancement of neovascularization.
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Heteromeric TRPV4/TRPC1 channels mediate calcium-sensing receptor-induced nitric oxide production and vasorelaxation in rabbit mesenteric arteries. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 96-98:53-62. [PMID: 28867591 PMCID: PMC5614111 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR) by increasing the external calcium concentration (Ca2 +]o) induces endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation through nitric oxide (NO) production and activation of intermediate Ca2 +-activated K+ currents (IKCa) channels in rabbit mesenteric arteries. The present study investigates the potential role of heteromeric TRPV4-TRPC1 channels in mediating these CaSR-induced vascular responses. Immunocytochemical and proximity ligation assays showed that TRPV4 and TRPC1 proteins were expressed and co-localised at the plasma membrane of freshly isolated endothelial cells (ECs). In wire myography studies, increasing [Ca2 +]o between 1 and 6 mM induced concentration-dependent relaxations of methoxamine (MO)-induced pre-contracted tone, which were inhibited by the TRPV4 antagonists RN1734 and HC067047, and the externally-acting TRPC1 blocking antibody T1E3. In addition, CaSR-evoked NO production in ECs measured using the fluorescent NO indicator DAF-FM was reduced by RN1734 and T1E3. In contrast, [Ca2 +]o-evoked perforated-patch IKCa currents in ECs were unaffected by RN1734 and T1E3. The TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A (GSK) induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of MO-evoked pre-contracted tone and increased NO production, which were inhibited by the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME, RN1734 and T1E3. GSK activated 6pS cation channel activity in cell-attached patches from ECs which was blocked by RN1734 and T1E3. These findings indicate that heteromeric TRPV4-TRPC1 channels mediate CaSR-induced vasorelaxation through NO production but not IKCa channel activation in rabbit mesenteric arteries. This further implicates CaSR-induced pathways and heteromeric TRPV4-TRPC1 channels in regulating vascular tone.
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Qu YY, Wang LM, Zhong H, Liu YM, Tang N, Zhu LP, He F, Hu QH. TRPC1 stimulates calcium‑sensing receptor‑induced store‑operated Ca2+ entry and nitric oxide production in endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4613-4619. [PMID: 28791397 PMCID: PMC5647016 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) via store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCC), encoded by transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel proteins, is an important underlying mechanism regulating intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and various intracellular functions in endothelial cells (ECs). TRPC1, the probable candidate for SOCC, is expressed in ECs. Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is functionally expressed in vascular endothelium and is important in Ca2+ mobilization and cardiovascular functions. To date, there have been no reports demonstrating an association between CaSR and TRPC1 in ECs. The present study investigated the effects of TRPC1 on CaSR-induced Ca2+ influx and nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). TRPC1 and CaSR proteins in HUVECs were measured by immunostaining and western blot analysis. [Ca2+]i levels were measured using the Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester method. The indicator 3-amino, 4-aminomethyl-2, 7-difluorescein diacetate was used to measure NO production in HUVECs. The expression of TRPC1 protein in HUVECs was silenced by transfecting HUVECs with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against TRPC1. Although changes in extracellular Ca2+ failed to alter [Ca2+]i in HUVECs, the CaSR agonist spermine increased [Ca2+]i and NO production in HUVECs. NO production in HUVECs was diminished in Ca2+-free medium or following treatment with a CaSR negative allosteric modulator (Calhex231), SOCC inhibitor (MRS1845) or TRPC inhibitor (SKF96365). The spermine-induced increases in [Ca2+]i and NO production were reduced in HUVECs transfected with TRPC1 siRNA. These results suggested that TRPC1 is a primary candidate in forming SOCC that stimulates CaSR-induced SOCE and NO production in HUVECs and is a potential therapeutic target for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Qu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - La-Mei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Health Ministry of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hua Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Health Ministry of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Li FF, He MZ, Xie Y, Wu YY, Yang MT, Fan Y, Qiao FY, Deng DR. Involvement of dysregulated IK Ca and SK Ca channels in preeclampsia. Placenta 2017; 58:9-16. [PMID: 28962702 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.07.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excessive constriction of placental chorionic plate arteries (CPAs) may be associated with preeclampsia (PE). Nitric oxide (NO) as well as intermediate and small Ca2+-activated K+ channels (IKCa and SKCa) plays vital roles in vasodilation of CPAs. We hypothesized that dysregulated IKCa and SKCa channels may be involved in the pathogenesis of PE mediated by the impaired NO system on CPAs. METHODS The location of IKCa and SKCa channels, activities of NO synthases (NOS), and expression levels of these molecules were studied on CPAs from 30 normal pregnancies and 30 PE. The vasodilating function of CPAs was measured under openers or blockers of IKCa/SKCa channels in the presence or absence of NO donor or inhibitor. RESULTS IKCa and SKCa channels were located both on endothelium and on smooth muscles of CPAs and the expressions of them were downregulated in PE women comparing to those in normal pregnant women. The protein expressions of endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) were downregulated on CPAs in PE accompanied by decreased activity of eNOS. Notably, the vasodilatory functions mediated by IKCa/SKCa channels and by NO were aberrant on preeclamptic CPAs. In addition, IKCa and SKCa channels were responsible for nitric oxide (NO)-attributable vasorelaxation and activity modulation of NO synthases. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that dysregulated IKCa and SKCa channels might contribute to fetal pathogenesis of PE through direct promotion of vascular constriction of CPAs and through affecting functions of NO and activities of NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Fan Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meng-Zhou He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yin Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mei-Tao Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yao Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fu-Yuan Qiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dong-Rui Deng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Seki T, Goto K, Kiyohara K, Kansui Y, Murakami N, Haga Y, Ohtsubo T, Matsumura K, Kitazono T. Downregulation of Endothelial Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 4 Channel and Small-Conductance of Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels Underpins Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization in Hypertension. Hypertension 2016; 69:143-153. [PMID: 27872234 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH)-mediated responses are impaired in hypertension, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been determined. The activation of small- and intermediate-conductance of Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SKCa and IKCa) underpins EDH-mediated responses. It was recently reported that Ca2+ influx through endothelial transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 channel (TRPV4) is a prerequisite for the activation of SKCa/IKCa in endothelial cells in specific beds. Here, we attempted to determine whether the impairment of EDH in hypertension is attributable to the dysfunction of TRPV4 and S/IKCa, using isolated superior mesenteric arteries of 20-week-old stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. In the WKY arteries, EDH-mediated responses were reduced by a combination of SKCa/IKCa blockers (apamin plus TRAM-34; 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethl]-1H-pyrazole) and by the blockade of TRPV4 with the selective antagonist RN-1734 or HC-067047. In the SHRSP arteries, EDH-mediated hyperpolarization and relaxation were significantly impaired when compared with WKY. GSK1016790A, a selective TRPV4 activator, evoked robust hyperpolarization and relaxation in WKY arteries. In contrast, in SHRSP arteries, the GSK1016790A-evoked hyperpolarization was small and relaxation was absent. Hyperpolarization and relaxation to cyclohexyl-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine, a selective SKCa activator, were marginally decreased in SHRSP arteries compared with WKY arteries. The expression of endothelial TRPV4 and SKCa protein was significantly decreased in the SHRSP mesenteric arteries compared with those of WKY, whereas function and expression of IKCa were preserved in SHRSP arteries. These findings suggest that EDH-mediated responses are impaired in superior mesenteric arteries of SHRSP because of a reduction in both TRPV4 and SKCa input to EDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takunori Seki
- From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Goto
- From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kanako Kiyohara
- From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kansui
- From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noboru Murakami
- From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshie Haga
- From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohtsubo
- From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Matsumura
- From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- From the Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Greenberg HZE, Jahan KS, Shi J, Vanessa Ho WS, Albert AP. The calcilytics Calhex-231 and NPS 2143 and the calcimimetic Calindol reduce vascular reactivity via inhibition of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:659-668. [PMID: 27725162 PMCID: PMC5127511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of commonly used negative and positive allosteric modulators of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) on vascular reactivity. In wire myography studies, increasing [Ca2+]o from 1mM to 6mM induced concentration-dependent relaxations of methoxamine-induced pre-contracted rabbit mesenteric arteries, with 6mM [Ca2+]o producing almost complete relaxation. [Ca2+]o-induced relaxations were attenuated in the presence of the calcilytics Calhex-231 and NPS 2143, and abolished by the removal of the endothelium. In addition to their calcilytic effects, Calhex-231 and NPS 2143 also produced concentration-dependent inhibitions of methoxamine- or KCl-induced precontracted tone, which were unaffected by removal of the endothelium and unopposed in the presence of the calcimimetic Calindol. In vessels with depleted Ca2+ stores, contractions mediated by Ca2+ influx via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) were inhibited by Calhex231. In freshly isolated single rabbit mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells, Calhex-231 and NPS 2143 inhibited whole-cell VGCC currents. Application of Calindol also inhibited methoxamine- and KCl-induced pre-contracted tone, and inhibited whole-cell VGCC currents. In conclusion, in addition to their CaSR-mediated actions in the vasculature, Calhex-231, NPS 2143 and Calindol reduce vascular contractility via direct inhibition of VGCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Z E Greenberg
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascu lar & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - Kazi S Jahan
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascu lar & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Jian Shi
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascu lar & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - W-S Vanessa Ho
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascu lar & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Anthony P Albert
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascu lar & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
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Aird SD, Villar Briones A, Roy MC, Mikheyev AS. Polyamines as Snake Toxins and Their Probable Pharmacological Functions in Envenomation. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8100279. [PMID: 27681740 PMCID: PMC5086639 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While decades of research have focused on snake venom proteins, far less attention has been paid to small organic venom constituents. Using mostly pooled samples, we surveyed 31 venoms (six elapid, six viperid, and 19 crotalid) for spermine, spermidine, putrescine, and cadaverine. Most venoms contained all four polyamines, although some in essentially trace quantities. Spermine is a potentially significant component of many viperid and crotalid venoms (≤0.16% by mass, or 7.9 µmol/g); however, it is almost completely absent from elapid venoms assayed. All elapid venoms contained larger molar quantities of putrescine and cadaverine than spermine, but still at levels that are likely to be biologically insignificant. As with venom purines, polyamines impact numerous physiological targets in ways that are consistent with the objectives of prey envenomation, prey immobilization via hypotension and paralysis. Most venoms probably do not contain sufficient quantities of polyamines to induce systemic effects in prey; however, local effects seem probable. A review of the pharmacological literature suggests that spermine could contribute to prey hypotension and paralysis by interacting with N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, blood platelets, ryanodine receptors, and Ca2+-ATPase. It also blocks many types of cation-permeable channels by interacting with negatively charged amino acid residues in the channel mouths. The site of envenomation probably determines which physiological targets assume the greatest importance; however, venom-induced liberation of endogenous, intracellular stores of polyamines could potentially have systemic implications and may contribute significantly to envenomation sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Aird
- Division of Faculty Affairs, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa-ken 904-0495, Japan.
- Ecology and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa-ken 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Alejandro Villar Briones
- Division of Research Support, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa-ken 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Michael C Roy
- Division of Research Support, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa-ken 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Alexander S Mikheyev
- Ecology and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa-ken 904-0495, Japan.
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Qu YY, Hui J, Wang LM, Tang N, Zhong H, Liu YM, Li Z, Feng Q, He F. Reduced Expression of the Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) Is Associated with Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) to Promote Vascular Remodeling in the Pathogenesis of Essential Hypertension. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157456. [PMID: 27391973 PMCID: PMC4938397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), remodeling of the vasculature, and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) play important roles in the development of essential hypertension (EH), which is defined as high blood pressure (BP) in which secondary causes, such as renovascular disease, are absent. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is involved in the regulation of BP. However, the underlying mechanisms by which the CaSR regulates BP are poorly understood. In the present study, the role of the CaSR in EH was investigated using male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and rat and human plasma samples. The percentages of medial wall thickness to external diameter (WT%), total vessel wall cross-sectional area to the total area (WA%) of thoracic arteries, as well as the percentage of wall area occupied by collagen to total vessel wall area (CA%) were determined. Tissue protein expression and plasma concentrations of the CaSR, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), renin, and angiotensin II (Ang II) were additionally assessed. WT%, WA%, and CA% were found to increase with increasing BP, whereas the plasma concentration of CaSR was found to decrease. With increasing BP, the levels of smooth muscle actin and calponin decreased, whereas those of osteopontin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen increased. The CaSR level negatively correlated with the levels of cAMP and Ang II, but positively correlated with those of renin. Our data suggest that reduced expression of the CaSR is correlated with activation of the RAS, which induces increased vascular remodeling and VSMC proliferation, and thereby associated with EH in the SHR model and in the Han Chinese population. Our findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Qu
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Department of Emergency and critical care medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832008, China
| | - Jing Hui
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - La-mei Wang
- Centre of Medical Functional Experiments, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yong-min Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- * E-mail:
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Design and synthesis of calindol derivatives as potent and selective calcium sensing receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:554-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Suh B, Park S, Shin DW, Ahn H, Cho S, Lee SP, Park EA, Lee H, Park JH, Cho B. Early repolarization is associated with significant coronary artery stenosis in asymptomatic adults. Atherosclerosis 2016; 245:50-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Greenberg HZE, Shi J, Jahan KS, Martinucci MC, Gilbert SJ, Vanessa Ho WS, Albert AP. Stimulation of calcium-sensing receptors induces endothelium-dependent vasorelaxations via nitric oxide production and activation of IKCa channels. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 80:75-84. [PMID: 26772767 PMCID: PMC4830458 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of vascular calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs) is reported to induce both constrictions and relaxations. However, cellular mechanisms involved in these responses remain unclear. The present study investigates the effect of stimulating CaSRs on vascular contractility and focuses on the role of the endothelium, nitric oxide (NO) and K(+) channels in these responses. In wire myography studies, increasing [Ca(2+)]o from 1mM to 6mM induced concentration-dependent relaxations of methoxamine pre-contracted rabbit mesenteric arteries. [Ca(2+)]o-induced relaxations were dependent on a functional endothelium, and were inhibited by the negative allosteric CaSR modulator Calhex-231. [Ca(2+)]o-induced relaxations were reduced by inhibitors of endothelial NO synthase, guanylate cyclase, and protein kinase G. CaSR activation also induced NO production in freshly isolated endothelial cells (ECs) in experiments using the fluorescent NO indicator DAF-FM. Pre-treatment with inhibitors of large (BKCa) and intermediate (IKCa) Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (iberiotoxin and charybdotoxin), and Kv7 channels (linopirdine) also reduced [Ca(2+)]o-induced vasorelaxations. Increasing [Ca(2+)]o also activated IKCa currents in perforated-patch recordings of isolated mesenteric artery ECs. These findings indicate that stimulation of CaSRs induces endothelium-dependent vasorelaxations which are mediated by two separate pathways involving production of NO and activation of IKCa channels. NO stimulates PKG leading to BKCa activation in vascular smooth muscle cells, whereas IKCa activity contributes to endothelium-derived hyperpolarisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Z E Greenberg
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - Jian Shi
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Kazi S Jahan
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Matthew C Martinucci
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Steven J Gilbert
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - W-S Vanessa Ho
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Anthony P Albert
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Cell Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
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Köhler R, Oliván-Viguera A, Wulff H. Endothelial Small- and Intermediate-Conductance K Channels and Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization as Drug Targets in Cardiovascular Disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 77:65-104. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Schepelmann M, Yarova PL, Lopez-Fernandez I, Davies TS, Brennan SC, Edwards PJ, Aggarwal A, Graça J, Rietdorf K, Matchkov V, Fenton RA, Chang W, Krssak M, Stewart A, Broadley KJ, Ward DT, Price SA, Edwards DH, Kemp PJ, Riccardi D. The vascular Ca2+-sensing receptor regulates blood vessel tone and blood pressure. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 310:C193-204. [PMID: 26538090 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00248.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor CaSR is expressed in blood vessels where its role is not completely understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the CaSR expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is directly involved in regulation of blood pressure and blood vessel tone. Mice with targeted CaSR gene ablation from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were generated by breeding exon 7 LoxP-CaSR mice with animals in which Cre recombinase is driven by a SM22α promoter (SM22α-Cre). Wire myography performed on Cre-negative [wild-type (WT)] and Cre-positive (SM22α)CaSR(Δflox/Δflox) [knockout (KO)] mice showed an endothelium-independent reduction in aorta and mesenteric artery contractility of KO compared with WT mice in response to KCl and to phenylephrine. Increasing extracellular calcium ion (Ca(2+)) concentrations (1-5 mM) evoked contraction in WT but only relaxation in KO aortas. Accordingly, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures of KO animals were significantly reduced compared with WT, as measured by both tail cuff and radiotelemetry. This hypotension was mostly pronounced during the animals' active phase and was not rescued by either nitric oxide-synthase inhibition with nitro-l-arginine methyl ester or by a high-salt-supplemented diet. KO animals also exhibited cardiac remodeling, bradycardia, and reduced spontaneous activity in isolated hearts and cardiomyocyte-like cells. Our findings demonstrate a role for CaSR in the cardiovascular system and suggest that physiologically relevant changes in extracellular Ca(2+) concentrations could contribute to setting blood vessel tone levels and heart rate by directly acting on the cardiovascular CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schepelmann
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - P L Yarova
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - I Lopez-Fernandez
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - T S Davies
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - S C Brennan
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - P J Edwards
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - A Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Graça
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Pathology Sciences, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - K Rietdorf
- Faculty of Science, Department for Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - V Matchkov
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - R A Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - W Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Califonia
| | - M Krssak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Stewart
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - K J Broadley
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - D T Ward
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - S A Price
- Pathology Sciences, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - D H Edwards
- Cardiff University, Wales Heart Research Institute, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - P J Kemp
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - D Riccardi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom;
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Molostvov G, Hiemstra TF, Fletcher S, Bland R, Zehnder D. Arterial Expression of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor Is Maintained by Physiological Pulsation and Protects against Calcification. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138833. [PMID: 26436544 PMCID: PMC4593585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and contributes to cardiovascular mortality. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is present in human artery, senses extracellular calcium and may directly modulate VC. Objective: to investigate the association between arterial cyclic strain, CaSR expression and VC. Methods and Results: human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMC) were cultured under static or strained conditions, with exposure to CaSR agonists, the calcimimetic R568, and after CaSR silencing and over-expression. High extracellular calcium reduced CaSR expression and promoted osteochondrogenic transformation and calcium deposition. This was partially prevented by cyclic strain and exposure to R568. CaSR silencing enhanced calcification and osteochondrogenic transformation, whereas CaSR over-expression attenuated this procalcific response, demonstrating a central role for the CaSR in the response to cyclic strain and regulation of VC. In arterial explants from CKD patients (n = 11) and controls (n = 9), exposure to R568 did not significantly alter calcium deposition, osteochondrogenic markers or total artery calcium content. Conclusions: physiological mechanical strain is important for arterial homeostasis and may protect arteries from VC. The beneficial effects of cyclic strain may be mediated via the CaSR.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chondrogenesis/drug effects
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/biosynthesis
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/biosynthesis
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/cytology
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Phenethylamines/pharmacology
- Phosphoproteins/biosynthesis
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Propylamines/pharmacology
- Pulsatile Flow/physiology
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/agonists
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/physiology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Stress, Mechanical
- Transfection
- Vascular Calcification/physiopathology
- Vascular Calcification/prevention & control
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Guerman Molostvov
- The Clinical Sciences Research Laboratory, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas F. Hiemstra
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Simon Fletcher
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Bland
- The Clinical Sciences Research Laboratory, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Zehnder
- The Clinical Sciences Research Laboratory, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Extracellular Calcium-Dependent Modulation of Endothelium Relaxation in Rat Mesenteric Small Artery: The Role of Potassium Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:758346. [PMID: 26504829 PMCID: PMC4609518 DOI: 10.1155/2015/758346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The nature of NO- and COX-independent endothelial hyperpolarization (EDH) is not fully understood but activation of small- and intermittent-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SKCa and IKCa) is important. Previous studies have suggested that the significance of IKCa depends on [Ca2+]out. Also it has been suggested that K+ is important through localized [K+]out signaling causing activation of the Na+,K+-ATPase and inward-rectifying K+ channels (Kir). Here we tested the hypothesis that the modulating effect of [Ca2+]out on the EDH-like response depends on [K+]out. We addressed this possibility using isometric myography of rat mesenteric small arteries. When [K+]out was 4.2 mM, relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) was stronger at 2.5 mM [Ca2+]out than at 1 mM [Ca2+]out. Inhibition of IKCa with TRAM34 suppressed the relaxations but did not change the relation between the relaxations at the low and high [Ca2+]out. This [Ca2+]out-dependence disappeared at 5.9 mM [K+]out and in the presence of ouabain or BaCl2. Our results suggest that IKCa are involved in the localized [K+]out signaling which acts through the Na+,K+-ATPase and Kir channels and that the significance of this endothelium-dependent pathway is modulated by [Ca2+]out.
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Babinsky VN, Hannan FM, Youhanna SC, Maréchal C, Jadoul M, Devuyst O, Thakker RV. Association studies of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) polymorphisms with serum concentrations of glucose and phosphate, and vascular calcification in renal transplant recipients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119459. [PMID: 25786244 PMCID: PMC4364904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and linked to arterial calcification. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a G-protein coupled receptor, plays a pivotal role in extracellular calcium homeostasis and is expressed in the intimal and medial layers of the arterial wall. We investigated whether common CASR gene variants are predictors for aortic and coronary artery calcification or influence risk factors such as serum calcium, phosphate and glucose concentrations in RTRs. Methods Two hundred and eighty four RTRs were investigated for associations between three CASR promoter region single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs115759455, rs7652589, rs1501899), three non-synonymous CASR coding region SNPs (A986S, R990G, Q1011E), and aortic and coronary artery calcium mass scores, cardiovascular outcomes and calcification risk factors that included serum phosphate, calcium, total cholesterol and glucose concentrations. Results Multivariate analysis revealed that RTRs homozygous for the minor allele (SS) of the A986S SNP, when compared to those homozygous for the major allele (AA), had raised serum glucose concentrations (8.7±5.4 vs. 5.7±2.1 mmol/L, P<0.05). In addition, RTRs who were heterozygous (CT) at the rs115759455 SNP, when compared to those homozygous for the major allele (CC), had higher serum phosphate concentrations (1.1±0.3 vs. 1.0±0.2 mmol/L, P<0.05). CASR SNPs were not significant determinants for aortic or coronary artery calcification, and were not associated with cardiovascular outcomes or mortality in this RTR cohort. Conclusions Common CASR SNPs may be independent predictors of serum glucose and phosphate concentrations, but are not determinants of vascular calcification or cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie N. Babinsky
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fadil M. Hannan
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia C. Youhanna
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Maréchal
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Jadoul
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rajesh V. Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Rodríguez M, Goodman WG, Liakopoulos V, Messa P, Wiecek A, Cunningham J. The Use of Calcimimetics for the Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: A 10 Year Evidence Review. Semin Dial 2015; 28:497-507. [DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Rodríguez
- Servicio de Nefrologia; IMIBIC; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia; Córdoba Spain
| | | | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; 1st Department of Internal Medicine; Medical School; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Università di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Andrzej Wiecek
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - John Cunningham
- Centre for Nephrology; UCL Medical School; Royal Free Campus; London United Kingdom
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Guéguinou M, Gambade A, Félix R, Chantôme A, Fourbon Y, Bougnoux P, Weber G, Potier-Cartereau M, Vandier C. Lipid rafts, KCa/ClCa/Ca2+ channel complexes and EGFR signaling: Novel targets to reduce tumor development by lipids? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2603-20. [PMID: 25450343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Membrane lipid rafts are distinct plasma membrane nanodomains that are enriched with cholesterol, sphingolipids and gangliosides, with occasional presence of saturated fatty acids and phospholipids containing saturated acyl chains. It is well known that they organize receptors (such as Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor), ion channels and their downstream acting molecules to regulate intracellular signaling pathways. Among them are Ca2+ signaling pathways, which are modified in tumor cells and inhibited upon membrane raft disruption. In addition to protein components, lipids from rafts also contribute to the organization and function of Ca2+ signaling microdomains. This article aims to focus on the lipid raft KCa/ClCa/Ca2+ channel complexes that regulate Ca2+ and EGFR signaling in cancer cells, and discusses the potential modification of these complexes by lipids as a novel therapeutic approach in tumor development. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Guéguinou
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Audrey Gambade
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Romain Félix
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Aurélie Chantôme
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Yann Fourbon
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Philippe Bougnoux
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France; Centre HS Kaplan, CHRU Tours, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Günther Weber
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Marie Potier-Cartereau
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Christophe Vandier
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France.
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Xie R, Dong X, Wong C, Vallon V, Tang B, Sun J, Yang S, Dong H. Molecular mechanisms of calcium-sensing receptor-mediated calcium signaling in the modulation of epithelial ion transport and bicarbonate secretion. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:34642-53. [PMID: 25331955 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.592774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ion transport is mainly under the control of intracellular cAMP and Ca(2+) signaling. Although the molecular mechanisms of cAMP-induced epithelial ion secretion are well defined, those induced by Ca(2+) signaling remain poorly understood. Because calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) activation results in an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]cyt) but a decrease in cAMP levels, it is a suitable receptor for elucidating the mechanisms of [Ca(2+)]cyt-mediated epithelial ion transport and duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS). CaSR proteins have been detected in mouse duodenal mucosae and human intestinal epithelial cells. Spermine and Gd(3+), two CaSR activators, markedly stimulated DBS without altering duodenal short circuit currents in wild-type mice but did not affect DBS and duodenal short circuit currents in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) knockout mice. Clotrimazole, a selective blocker of intermediate conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels but not chromanol 293B, a selective blocker of cAMP-activated K(+) channels (KCNQ1), significantly inhibited CaSR activator-induced DBS, which was similar in wild-type and KCNQ1 knockout mice. HCO3 (-) fluxes across epithelial cells were activated by a CFTR activator, but blocked by a CFTR inhibitor. CaSR activators induced HCO3 (-) fluxes, which were inhibited by a receptor-operated channel (ROC) blocker. Moreover, CaSR activators dose-dependently raised cellular [Ca(2+)]cyt, which was abolished in Ca(2+)-free solutions and inhibited markedly by selective CaSR antagonist calhex 231, and ROC blocker in both animal and human intestinal epithelial cells. Taken together, CaSR activation triggers Ca(2+)-dependent DBS, likely through the ROC, intermediate conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels, and CFTR channels. This study not only reveals that [Ca(2+)]cyt signaling is critical to modulate DBS but also provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of CaSR-mediated Ca(2+)-induced DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xie
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China, the Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, China, and
| | - Xiao Dong
- the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Chase Wong
- the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Volker Vallon
- the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92161
| | - Bo Tang
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jun Sun
- the Departments of Biochemistry, Internal Medicine (GI), and Microbiology/Immunology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Shiming Yang
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China,
| | - Hui Dong
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China, the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093,
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Yarova PL, Smirnov SV, Dora KA, Garland CJ. β₁-Adrenoceptor stimulation suppresses endothelial IK(Ca)-channel hyperpolarization and associated dilatation in resistance arteries. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:875-86. [PMID: 23488860 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In small arteries, small conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels (SK(Ca)) and intermediate conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels (IK(Ca)) restricted to the vascular endothelium generate hyperpolarization that underpins the NO- and PGI₂-independent, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor response that is the predominate endothelial mechanism for vasodilatation. As neuronal IK(Ca) channels can be negatively regulated by PKA, we investigated whether β-adrenoceptor stimulation, which signals through cAMP/PKA, might influence endothelial cell hyperpolarization and as a result modify the associated vasodilatation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rat isolated small mesenteric arteries were pressurized to measure vasodilatation and endothelial cell [Ca²⁺]i , mounted in a wire myograph to measure smooth muscle membrane potential or dispersed into endothelial cell sheets for membrane potential recording. KEY RESULTS Intraluminal perfusion of β-adrenoceptor agonists inhibited endothelium-dependent dilatation to ACh (1 nM-10 μM) without modifying the associated changes in endothelial cell [Ca²⁺]i . The inhibitory effect of β-adrenoceptor agonists was mimicked by direct activation of adenylyl cyclase with forskolin, blocked by the β-adrenoceptor antagonists propranolol (non-selective), atenolol (β₁) or the PKA inhibitor KT-5720, but remained unaffected by ICI 118 551 (β₂) or glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive K⁺ channels channel blocker). Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization to ACh was also inhibited by β-adrenoceptor stimulation in both intact arteries and in endothelial cells sheets. Blocking IK(Ca) {with 1 μM 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole (TRAM-34)}, but not SK(Ca) (50 nM apamin) channels prevented β-adrenoceptor agonists from suppressing either hyperpolarization or vasodilatation to ACh. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In resistance arteries, endothelial cell β₁-adrenoceptors link to inhibit endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and the resulting vasodilatation to ACh. This effect appears to reflect inhibition of endothelial IK(Ca) channels and may be one consequence of raised circulating catecholamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Yarova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Peng X, Li HX, Shao HJ, Li GW, Sun J, Xi YH, Li HZ, Wang XY, Wang LN, Bai SZ, Zhang WH, Zhang L, Yang GD, Wu LY, Wang R, Xu CQ. Involvement of calcium-sensing receptors in hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension by promoting phenotypic modulation of small pulmonary arteries. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 396:87-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mechanisms by which calcium receptor stimulation modifies electromechanical coupling in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:379-88. [PMID: 24687204 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is widely expressed throughout the entire cardiovascular system and is capable of activating signaling pathways in different cells. Alongside calcium, the CaR also responds to physiological polycations such as putrescine underlining a participation in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Here, we aimed to determine mechanisms as to how CaR activation affects the contractile responsiveness of ventricular cardiomyocytes under basal and stimulated conditions. For that purpose, cardiac myocytes from 3-month-old male Wistar rats were isolated, and the acute effects of an antagonist (NPS2390), agonists (putrescine and gadolinium), or of downregulation of the CaR by siRNA on cell shortening were recorded in a cell-edge-detection system. In addition, experiments were performed on muscle stripes and Langendorff preparations. Mechanistic insights were taken from calcium transients of beating fura-2 AM-loaded cardiomyocytes and western blots. Isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes constitutively express CaR. The expression in the atria is less pronounced. Acute inhibition of CaR reduced basal cell shortening of ventricular myocytes at nearly physiological levels of extracellular calcium. Inhibition of CaR strongly reduced contractility of ventricular muscle stripes but not of atria. Activation of CaR by putrescine and gadolinium influences the contractile responsiveness of isolated cardiomyocytes. Increased calcium mobilization from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via an IP3-dependent mechanism was responsible for amplified systolic calcium transients and a subsequent improvement in cell shortening. Alongside with these effects, activation of CaR increased relaxation velocity of the cells. In conclusion, ventricular CaR expression affects contractile parameters of ventricular heart muscle cells and modifies electromechanical coupling of cardiomyocytes.
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Billaud M, Lohman AW, Johnstone SR, Biwer LA, Mutchler S, Isakson BE. Regulation of cellular communication by signaling microdomains in the blood vessel wall. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:513-69. [PMID: 24671377 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.007351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that the accumulation of proteins in specific regions of the plasma membrane can facilitate cellular communication. These regions, termed signaling microdomains, are found throughout the blood vessel wall where cellular communication, both within and between cell types, must be tightly regulated to maintain proper vascular function. We will define a cellular signaling microdomain and apply this definition to the plethora of means by which cellular communication has been hypothesized to occur in the blood vessel wall. To that end, we make a case for three broad areas of cellular communication where signaling microdomains could play an important role: 1) paracrine release of free radicals and gaseous molecules such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species; 2) role of ion channels including gap junctions and potassium channels, especially those associated with the endothelium-derived hyperpolarization mediated signaling, and lastly, 3) mechanism of exocytosis that has considerable oversight by signaling microdomains, especially those associated with the release of von Willebrand factor. When summed, we believe that it is clear that the organization and regulation of signaling microdomains is an essential component to vessel wall function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Billaud
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA 22902.
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Ca2+-sensing receptor cleavage by calpain partially accounts for altered vascular reactivity in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 61:528-35. [PMID: 23429586 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31828d0fa3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Ca-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in endothelial and smooth muscle cells, but its role in regulating vascular reactivity is unclear, as are the effects of disease on CaSR function and expression. We studied vascular reactivity in aortic segments from healthy and diabetic mice, combined with in vitro proteolysis studies and Western blot analyses of CaSR expression in tissue samples. In endothelium-intact aortic rings, extracellular Ca elicited a nitric oxide-dependent relaxation that was attenuated by the CaSR antagonist, NPS2390. The calcimimetic, calindol, induced the endothelium-independent relaxation of aortic segments that was also sensitive to NPS2390. The antagonist failed to affect responses to acetylcholine or U46619 but attenuated contractions to phenylephrine and potassium. In mice fed a Western-type diet, phenylephrine-induced contractions and calindol-induced relaxations were markedly attenuated, and CaSR expression was decreased. The latter phenomenon could be attributed to the activation of the Ca-dependent protease, µ-calpain, and the subsequent proteolytic cleavage of the CaSR. CaSR activation in smooth muscle cells modulates vascular responsiveness to Ca-elevating agonists. These effects are blunted during metabolic stress because of the limited proteolysis of the CaSR by calpain. The loss of the CaSR function may predispose to the macrovascular late complications associated with diabetes.
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Martínez-Miguel P, Medrano-Andrés D, Lopes-Martín V, Arribas-Gómez I, Rodríguez-Puyol M, Rodríguez-Puyol D, López-Ongil S. Regulation of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) by the calcimimetic R-568. Pharmacol Res 2013; 76:106-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Calcium receptors located in fibrotic septa: a new target to reduce portal pressure in liver cirrhosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 125:67-75. [PMID: 23384153 DOI: 10.1042/cs20120476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In rats with experimental liver cirrhosis, the kidney contains reduced amounts of membrane-bound CaRs (calcium-sensing receptors), and the specific stimulation of CaRs causes the generation of PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), renal vasodilation and increased natriuresis. CaR content and function in the liver of cirrhotic rats are unknown. To assess the activity of this Ca2+-dependent vasomotor system, we evaluated the effects of intravenous administration of PolyAg (poly-L-arginine), a selective CaR agonist, on hormonal status, portal haemodynamics, MAP (mean arterial pressure) in rats with liver cirrhosis induced by chronic CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) administration. Two groups of eight control rats received intravenously 1 ml of 5% (w/v) glucose solution alone or containing 0.5 mg of PolyAg; two groups of ten cirrhotic rats were administered vehicle or PolyAg. Compared with controls, at baseline cirrhotic rats showed higher portal pressure (P<0.01), lower estimated functional liver plasma flow, measured as CICG (Indocyanine Green clearance) (P<0.03) and reduced hepatic protein content of CaRs (P<0.03), which were located mainly in sub-endothelial layers of portal venules and in myofibroblasts of fibrotic septa (immunohistochemistry and indirect immunofluorescence staining of liver sections). In cirrhotic animals, 0.5 mg of PolyAg decreased portal pressure (P<0.01) and increased CICG (P<0.05), without effects on arterial pressure and hormonal status. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that in experimental cirrhosis agonists of liver CaRs elicit beneficial portal hypotensive effects by reducing intrahepatic resistance to portal flow. Moreover, these drugs are devoid of effects on systemic haemodynamics.
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Abstract
The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed by subpopulations of neuronal and glial cells throughout the brain and is activated by extracellular calcium [Formula: see text] . During development, the CaSR regulates neuronal cell growth and migration as well as oligodendroglial maturation and function. Emerging evidence suggests that in nerve terminals, CaSR is implicated in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission. In this review, we analyze the roles attributed to CaSR in regulating diverse brain functions, including central regulation of body fluid composition and blood pressure. We also discuss the potential relevance of Ca(2+)-sensing in brain by other family C G protein-coupled receptors. Finally, evidence that the CaSR contributes to the pathogenesis of various brain disorders raises the possibility that pharmacological modulators of the CaSR may have therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martial Ruat
- CNRS-UPR-3294, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Development, Institute of Neurobiology, Alfred Fessard IFR2118, Signal Transduction and Developmental Neuropharmacology Team, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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