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Chen Y, Zeng C, Zhang X, Hua Q. ALOX5AP is an Indicator for High CD8 Lymphocyte Infiltration and "Hot" Tumor Microenvironment in Osteosarcoma: A Bioinformatic Study. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:2363-2381. [PMID: 37041365 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Little progress has been made in the treatment and prognosis of osteosarcoma in the past 40 years. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in the progression of osteosarcoma. This study aims to determine immune-associated prognostic biomarkers for osteosarcoma patients. With the help of analytical tools including ESTIMATE, differential gene expression, LASSO, and univariate cox and multivariate cox regression analysis, osteosarcoma gene expression data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were investigated. Following the establishment of a prognostic risk score model, internal and external validations using the GEO and TARGET databases were carried out. A total of 44 and 55 samples respectively in the GSE21257 and the TARGET databases were included. Our analysis found 93 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the high and low-ImmuneScore groups. Through univariate cox and LASSO analysis, ALOX5AP was identified as an indicator of TME in osteosarcomas. ALOX5AP was then used to construct a prognostic risk model. Internal and external verification revealed that higher expression of ALOX5AP was correlated with lower risk. Through the CIBERSORT algorithm, the level of CD8 T cells was found to negatively correlate with the risk score. This study revealed that ALOX5AP is an indicator for predicting high CD8 lymphocyte infiltration and "hot" tumor microenvironment in osteosarcomas. Thus, ALOX5AP has the potential to act as a biomarker for effective immunotherapies in osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 201-209 Hubin South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Shanghai Synyi Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Shanghai Synyi Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Hua
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 201-209 Hubin South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Rahman MS, Hossain MS. Eicosanoids Signals in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Foe or Friend. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00919-4. [PMID: 37878227 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mediated infection instigated a scary pandemic state since 2019. They created havoc comprising death, imbalanced social structures, and a wrecked global economy. During infection, the inflammation and associated cytokine storm generate a critical pathological situation in the human body, especially in the lungs. By the passage of time of infection, inflammatory disorders, and multiple organ damage happen which might lead to death, if not treated properly. Until now, many pathological parameters have been used to understand the progress of the severity of COVID-19 but with limited success. Bioactive lipid mediators have the potential of initiating and resolving inflammation in any disease. The connection between lipid storm and inflammatory states of SARS-CoV-2 infection has surfaced and got importance to understand and mitigate the pathological states of COVID-19. As the role of eicosanoids in COVID-19 infection is not well defined, available information regarding this issue has been accumulated to address the possible network of eicosanoids related to the initiation of inflammation, promotion of cytokine storm, and resolution of inflammation, and highlight possible strategies for treatment and drug discovery related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in this study. Understanding the involvement of eicosanoids in exploration of cellular events provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been summarized as an important factor to deescalate any upcoming catastrophe imposed by the lethal variants of this micro-monster. Additionally, this study also recognized the eicosanoid based drug discovery, treatment, and strategies for managing the severity of SARS-COV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sharifur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Salim Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
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3
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Brown H, Komnick MR, Brigleb PH, Dermody TS, Esterházy D. Lymph node sharing between pancreas, gut, and liver leads to immune crosstalk and regulation of pancreatic autoimmunity. Immunity 2023; 56:2070-2085.e11. [PMID: 37557168 PMCID: PMC11040372 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are critical sites for shaping tissue-specific adaptive immunity. However, the impact of LN sharing between multiple organs on such tailoring is less understood. Here, we describe the drainage hierarchy of the pancreas, liver, and the upper small intestine (duodenum) into three murine LNs. Migratory dendritic cells (migDCs), key in instructing adaptive immune outcome, exhibited stronger pro-inflammatory signatures when originating from the pancreas or liver than from the duodenum. Qualitatively different migDC mixing in each shared LN influenced pancreatic β-cell-reactive T cells to acquire gut-homing and tolerogenic phenotypes proportional to duodenal co-drainage. However, duodenal viral infections rendered non-intestinal migDCs and β-cell-reactive T cells more pro-inflammatory in all shared LNs, resulting in elevated pancreatic islet lymphocyte infiltration. Our study uncovers immune crosstalk through LN co-drainage as a powerful force regulating pancreatic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Macy R Komnick
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pamela H Brigleb
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Terence S Dermody
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daria Esterházy
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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Johnson MG, Adam E, Watt A, Page AE. Effects of High-Speed Training on Messenger RNA Expression in Two-Year-Old Thoroughbred Racehorses. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 128:104892. [PMID: 37433342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating high-speed exercise has been identified as a significant risk factor for catastrophic injuries in racing Thoroughbreds. Injuries, regardless of severity, are a main cause of withdrawal from the racing industry, raising animal welfare concerns and resulting in significant economic losses. While most of the current literature focuses on injuries incurred during racing rather than training, the present study aims to help fill this gap. As such, peripheral blood was collected weekly, prior to exercise or administration of medication, from eighteen, two-year-old Thoroughbreds throughout their first season of race training. Messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated and used to analyze the expression of 34 genes via RT-qPCR. Statistical analysis of the noninjured horses (n = 6) showed that 13 genes were significantly correlated with increasing average weekly high-speed furlong performance. Additionally, there was a negative correlation for CXCL1, IGFBP3, and MPO with both cumulative high-speed furlongs and week of training for all horses. Comparison of both groups showed opposing correlations between the anti-inflammatory index (IL1RN, IL-10, and PTGS1) and average weekly high-speed furlong performance. Furthermore, evaluation of training effects on mRNA expression during the weeks surrounding injury, showed differences between groups in IL-13 and MMP9 at -3 and -2 weeks prior to injury. While some previously reported relationships between exercise adaptation and mRNA expression were not noted in this study, this may have been due to the small sample size. Several novel correlations, however, were identified and warrant further investigation as markers of exercise adaptation or potential risk for injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie G Johnson
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Emma Adam
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Allen E Page
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
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Reina-Couto M, Roboredo-Madeira M, Pereira-Terra P, Silva-Pereira C, Martins S, Teixeira-Santos L, Pinho D, Dias A, Cordeiro G, Dias CC, Sarmento A, Tavares M, Guimarães JT, Roncon-Albuquerque R, Paiva JA, Albino-Teixeira A, Sousa T. Evaluation of urinary cysteinyl leukotrienes as biomarkers of severity and putative therapeutic targets in COVID-19 patients. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:475-491. [PMID: 36617343 PMCID: PMC9826622 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT) are potent inflammation-promoting mediators, but remain scarcely explored in COVID-19. We evaluated urinary CysLT (U-CysLT) relationship with disease severity and their usefulness for prognostication in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The impact on U-CysLT of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) and of comorbidities such as hypertension and obesity was also assessed. METHODS Blood and spot urine were collected in "severe" (n = 26), "critically ill" (n = 17) and "critically ill on VV-ECMO" (n = 17) patients with COVID-19 at days 1-2 (admission), 3-4, 5-8 and weekly thereafter, and in controls (n = 23) at a single time point. U-CysLT were measured by ELISA. Routine markers, prognostic scores and outcomes were also evaluated. RESULTS U-CysLT did not differ between groups at admission, but significantly increased along hospitalization only in critical groups, being markedly higher in VV-ECMO patients, especially in hypertensives. U-CysLT values during the first week were positively associated with ICU and total hospital length of stay in critical groups and showed acceptable area under curve (AUC) for prediction of 30-day mortality (AUC: 0.734, p = 0.001) among all patients. CONCLUSIONS U-CysLT increase during hospitalization in critical COVID-19 patients, especially in hypertensives on VV-ECMO. U-CysLT association with severe outcomes suggests their usefulness for prognostication and as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Reina-Couto
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal.
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal.
- Serviço de Farmacologia Clínica, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Roboredo-Madeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira-Terra
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Silva-Pereira
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Luísa Teixeira-Santos
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Dora Pinho
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Dias
- Serviço de Farmacologia Clínica, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Cláudia Camila Dias
- Departamento de Medicina da Comunidade, Informação e Decisão em Saúde, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS-Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Sarmento
- Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Tavares
- Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João T Guimarães
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Bioquímica, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - José-Artur Paiva
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal.
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Bredemeyer AL, Amrute JM, Koenig AL, Idol RA, He L, Luff SA, Dege C, Leid JM, Schilling JD, Hinson JT, Dinauer MC, Sturgeon CM, Lavine KJ. Derivation of extra-embryonic and intra-embryonic macrophage lineages from human pluripotent stem cells. Development 2022; 149:274430. [PMID: 35178561 PMCID: PMC9124573 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages are increasingly recognized as important determinants of organ homeostasis, tissue repair, remodeling and regeneration. Although the ontogeny and function of tissue-resident macrophages has been identified as distinct from postnatal hematopoiesis, the inability to specify, in vitro, similar populations that recapitulate these developmental waves has limited our ability to study their function and potential for regenerative applications. We took advantage of the concept that tissue-resident macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages originate from distinct extra-embryonic and definitive hematopoietic lineages to devise a system to generate pure cultures of macrophages that resemble tissue-resident or monocyte-derived subsets. We demonstrate that human pluripotent stem cell-derived extra-embryonic-like and intra-embryonic-like hematopoietic progenitors differentiate into morphologically, transcriptionally and functionally distinct macrophage populations. Single-cell RNA sequencing of developing and mature cultures uncovered distinct developmental trajectories and gene expression programs of macrophages derived from extra-embryonic-like and intra-embryonic-like hematopoietic progenitors. These findings establish a resource for the generation of human tissue resident-like macrophages to study their specification and function under defined conditions and to explore their potential use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Bredemeyer
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Junedh M. Amrute
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew L. Koenig
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel A. Idol
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Li He
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Luff
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carissa Dege
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jamison M. Leid
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joel D. Schilling
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J. Travis Hinson
- Departments of Cardiology, Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Mary C. Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher M. Sturgeon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Authors for correspondence (; )
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7
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Integrated Multichip Analysis and WGCNA Identify Potential Diagnostic Markers in the Pathogenesis of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:7343412. [PMID: 35475279 PMCID: PMC9010175 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7343412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a myocardial infarction (MI) with ST-segment exaltation of electrocardiogram (ECG) caused by vascular occlusion of the epicardium. However, the diagnostic markers of STEMI remain little. Methods STEMI raw microarray data are acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Based on GSE60993 and GSE61144, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are verified via R software, and key modules associated with pathological state of STEMI are verified by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Take the intersection gene of key module and DEGs to perform the pathway enrichment analyses by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network by Cytoscape. Then, select and identify the diagnostic biomarkers of STEMI by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithms. Finally, assess the infiltration of immune cells of STEMI by CIBERSORT and analyze the correlation between diagnostic markers and infiltrating immune cells. Results We get 710 DEGs in the STEMI group and 376 genes associated with STEMI in blue module. 92 intersection genes were concentrated in 30 GO terms and 2 KEGG pathways. 28 hub genes involved in the development of STEMI. Moreover, upregulated ALOX5AP (AUC = 1.00) and BST1 (AUC = 1.00) are confirmed as diagnostic markers of STEMI. CD8+T cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, resting natural killer (NK) cells, M0 macrophages, resting mast cells, and neutrophils are related to the procession of STEMI. Moreover, ALOX5AP and BST1 are positively related to resting NK cells, M0 macrophages, and neutrophils, while ALOX5AP and BST1 are negatively related to CD8+ T cells, Treg cells, and resting mast cells. Conclusion ALOX5AP and BST1 may be the diagnostic markers of STEMI. Immune cell infiltration plays a key role in the development of STEMI.
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Yin H, Shi A, Wu J. Platelet-Activating Factor Promotes the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2003-2030. [PMID: 35837578 PMCID: PMC9275506 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s367483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifaceted clinicopathological syndrome characterised by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation that causes steatosis, excluding alcoholic factors. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a biologically active lipid transmitter, induces platelet activation upon binding to the PAF receptor. Recent studies have found that PAF is associated with gamma-glutamyl transferase, which is an indicator of liver disease. Moreover, PAF can stimulate hepatic lipid synthesis and cause hypertriglyceridaemia. Furthermore, the knockdown of the PAF receptor gene in the animal models of NAFLD helped reduce the inflammatory response, improve glucose homeostasis and delay the development of NAFLD. These findings suggest that PAF is associated with NAFLD development. According to reports, patients with NAFLD or animal models have marked platelet activation abnormalities, mainly manifested as enhanced platelet adhesion and aggregation and altered blood rheology. Pharmacological interventions were accompanied by remission of abnormal platelet activation and significant improvement in liver function and lipids in the animal model of NAFLD. These confirm that platelet activation may accompany a critical importance in NAFLD development and progression. However, how PAFs are involved in the NAFLD signalling pathway needs further investigation. In this paper, we review the relevant literature in recent years and discuss the role played by PAF in NAFLD development. It is important to elucidate the pathogenesis of NAFLD and to find effective interventions for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anhua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junzi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Junzi Wu; Anhua Shi, Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 187 8855 7524; +86 138 8885 0813, Email ;
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Li X, Yang Y, Wang Z, Jiang S, Meng Y, Song X, Zhao L, Zou L, Li M, Yu T. Targeting non-coding RNAs in unstable atherosclerotic plaques: Mechanism, regulation, possibilities, and limitations. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3413-3427. [PMID: 34512156 PMCID: PMC8416736 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) caused by arteriosclerosis are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In the late stages of atherosclerosis, the atherosclerotic plaque gradually expands in the blood vessels, resulting in vascular stenosis. When the unstable plaque ruptures and falls off, it blocks the vessel causing vascular thrombosis, leading to strokes, myocardial infarctions, and a series of other serious diseases that endanger people's lives. Therefore, regulating plaque stability is the main means used to address the high mortality associated with CVDs. The progression of the atherosclerotic plaque is a complex integration of vascular cell apoptosis, lipid metabolism disorders, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular smooth muscle cell migration, and neovascular infiltration. More recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a significant role in regulating the pathophysiological process of atherosclerotic plaque formation by affecting the biological functions of the vasculature and its associated cells. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review the regulatory mechanisms involved in the susceptibility of atherosclerotic plaque rupture, discuss the limitations of current approaches to treat plaque instability, and highlight the potential clinical value of ncRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies to improve plaque stability and reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Li
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shaoyan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 5 Zhiquan Road, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Song
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lu Zou
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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10
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Ye X, An L, Wang X, Zhang C, Huang W, Sun C, Li R, Ma H, Wang H, Gao M. ALOX5AP Predicts Poor Prognosis by Enhancing M2 Macrophages Polarization and Immunosuppression in Serous Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:675104. [PMID: 34094977 PMCID: PMC8172172 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.675104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serous ovarian cancer (SOC) is a highly lethal gynecological malignancy with poor prognosis. Given the importance of the immune-related tumor microenvironment (TME) in ovarian cancer, investigating tumor-immune interactions and identifying novel prognostic and therapeutic targets in SOC is a promising avenue of research. ALOX5AP (Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein) is a key enzyme in converting arachidonic acid to leukotriene: a crucial immune-modulating lipid mediator. However, the role of ALOX5AP in SOC has yet to be studied. Methods ALOX5AP expression patterns across ovarian cancer and their normal tissue counterparts were cross-checked using public microarray and RNA-seq analyses and then validated in clinical samples by qRT-PCR. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed in multiple independent SOC patient cohorts. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were then employed to identify clinical risk parameters associated with survival, and a genomic-clinicopathologic nomogram was built. Gene enrichment, immune infiltration, and immunosuppressor correlation analyses were then evaluated. Results ALOX5AP mRNA levels in SOC tissues were significantly upregulated compared to normal tissues. Elevated ALOX5AP was markedly associated with poor overall survival and progression-free survival in multiple SOC patient cohorts as well as with adverse clinicopathological features, including lymphatic invasion, unsatisfactory cytoreductive surgery, rapid relapse after primary treatment, and platinum non-responsiveness. A predictive nomogram, which integrated ALOX5AP expression and two independent prognosis factors (primary therapy outcome and tumor residual), was conducted to predict the 3-year and 5-year survival rate of SOC patients. Mechanistically, functional and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that ALOX5AP was primarily involved in immune response and regulation. Further exploration demonstrated that ALOX5AP was highly expressed in the immunoreactive subtype of ovarian cancer and closely related to immunocyte infiltration, especially M2 macrophage polarization. Additionally, ALOX5AP was enriched in the C4 (lymphocyte depleted) immune subtype of SOC and associated with crucial immune-repressive receptors in the tumor microenvironment at the genomic level. Conclusions ALOX5AP expression indicates a worse survival outcome and has the potential to be utilized as a prognostic predictor for SOC patients. Given the availability of well-studied ALOX5AP inhibitors, this study has immediate clinical implications for the exploitation of ALOX5AP as an immunotherapeutic target in SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ye
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Limei An
- Health Management Division, Rizhao Central Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Xiangxiang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chenyi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenqian Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chenggong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanlin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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11
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Chen W, Wang Q, Zhou B, Zhang L, Zhu H. Lipid Metabolism Profiles in Rheumatic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643520. [PMID: 33897433 PMCID: PMC8064727 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are a group of chronic autoimmune disorders that involve multiple organs or systems and have high mortality. The mechanisms of these diseases are still ill-defined, and targeted therapeutic strategies are still challenging for physicians. Recent research indicates that cell metabolism plays important roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. In this review, we mainly focus on lipid metabolism profiles (dyslipidaemia, fatty acid metabolism) and mechanisms in rheumatic diseases and discuss potential clinical applications based on lipid metabolism profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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12
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Wang B, Wu L, Chen J, Dong L, Chen C, Wen Z, Hu J, Fleming I, Wang DW. Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:94. [PMID: 33637672 PMCID: PMC7910446 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway plays a key role in cardiovascular biology, carcinogenesis, and many inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, etc. Esterified AA on the inner surface of the cell membrane is hydrolyzed to its free form by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which is in turn further metabolized by cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to a spectrum of bioactive mediators that includes prostanoids, leukotrienes (LTs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (diHETEs), eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs), and lipoxins (LXs). Many of the latter mediators are considered to be novel preventive and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers, and inflammatory diseases. This review sets out to summarize the physiological and pathophysiological importance of the AA metabolizing pathways and outline the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of AA related to its three main metabolic pathways in CVD and cancer progression will provide valuable insight for developing new therapeutic drugs for CVD and anti-cancer agents such as inhibitors of EETs or 2J2. Thus, we herein present a synopsis of AA metabolism in human health, cardiovascular and cancer biology, and the signaling pathways involved in these processes. To explore the role of the AA metabolism and potential therapies, we also introduce the current newly clinical studies targeting AA metabolisms in the different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Lujin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
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Targeting Leukotrienes as a Therapeutic Strategy to Prevent Comorbidities Associated with Metabolic Stress. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:55-69. [PMID: 32894507 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are potent lipid mediators that exert a variety of functions, ranging from maintaining the tone of the homeostatic immune response to exerting potent proinflammatory effects. Therefore, LTs are essential elements in the development and maintenance of different chronic diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, and atherosclerosis. Due to the pleiotropic effects of LTs in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, studies are needed to discover potent and specific LT synthesis inhibitors and LT receptor antagonists. Even though most clinical trials using LT inhibitors or antagonists have failed due to low efficacy and/or toxicity, new drug development strategies are driving the discovery for LT inhibitors to prevent inflammatory diseases. A newly important detrimental role for LTs in comorbidities associated with metabolic stress has emerged in the last few years and managing LT production and/or actions could represent an exciting new strategy to prevent or treat inflammatory diseases associated with metabolic disorders. This review is intended to shed light on the synthesis and actions of leukotrienes, the most common drugs used in clinical trials, and discuss the therapeutic potential of preventing LT function in obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.
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Leuti A, Fazio D, Fava M, Piccoli A, Oddi S, Maccarrone M. Bioactive lipids, inflammation and chronic diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:133-169. [PMID: 32628989 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous bioactive lipids are part of a complex network that modulates a plethora of cellular and molecular processes involved in health and disease, of which inflammation represents one of the most prominent examples. Inflammation serves as a well-conserved defence mechanism, triggered in the event of chemical, mechanical or microbial damage, that is meant to eradicate the source of damage and restore tissue function. However, excessive inflammatory signals, or impairment of pro-resolving/anti-inflammatory pathways leads to chronic inflammation, which is a hallmark of chronic pathologies. All main classes of endogenous bioactive lipids - namely eicosanoids, specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, lysoglycerophopsholipids and endocannabinoids - have been consistently involved in the chronic inflammation that characterises pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, asthma, as well as autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases. This review gathers the current knowledge concerning the involvement of endogenous bioactive lipids in the pathogenic processes of chronic inflammatory pathologies.
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15
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He R, Chen Y, Cai Q. The role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in health and disease. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104857. [PMID: 32439596 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a major type of lipid mediator that is rapidly generated from arachidonic acid through sequential action of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) and LTA4 hydrolase (LTA4H) in response to various stimuli. LTB4 is well known to be a chemoattractant for leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, via interaction with its high-affinity receptor BLT1. Extensive attention has been paid to the role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as infectious diseases, allergy, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disease via mediating recruitment and/or activation of different types of inflammatory cells depending on different stages or the nature of inflammatory response. Recent studies also demonstrated that LTB4 acts on non-immune cells via BLT1 to initiate and/or amplify pathological inflammation in various tissues. In addition, emerging evidence reveals a complex role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in cancer, either tumor-inhibitory or tumor-promoting, depending on the different target cells. In this review, we summarize both established understanding and the most recent progress in our knowledge about the LTB4-BLT1 axis in host defense, inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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16
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Gecys D, Tatarunas V, Veikutiene A, Lesauskaite V. New potential modulators of CYP4F2 enzyme activity in angina pectoris: hsa-miR-24-3p and hsa-miR-34a-5p. Biomarkers 2019; 25:40-47. [PMID: 31694408 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1690580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To find an association of relative expression of hsa-miR-24-3p and hsa-miR-34a-5p molecules and CYP4F2 enzyme activity in blood plasma of stable angina pectoris (AP) patients'.Materials and Methods: MiRNA gene expression analysis was performed on total RNA extracted from blood plasma, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. CYP4F2 enzyme levels were determined using commercial ELISA kit. In total, 32 AP and 15 control samples were examined.Results: The relative expression of hsa-miR-24-3p and hsa-miR-34a-5p was upregulated by 4.4 (p = 0.0001) and 3.8 (p = 0.005) -fold in AP patient's blood plasma compared to control subjects. CYP4F2 enzyme level in blood plasma were 2.1 (p = 0.001) times lower in AP patients. Circulating hsa-miR-24-3p was negatively associated with CYP4F2 enzyme level (Spearman correlation coefficient rank r= -0.32; p = 0.03). Moreover, patients that were taking atorvastatin, had 1.5 (p = 0.04) times higher hsa-miR-24-3p expression in blood plasma.Conclusions. Our data suggest that hsa-miR-24-3p might have an effect on CYP4F2 activity during atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovydas Gecys
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vacis Tatarunas
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Audrone Veikutiene
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaiva Lesauskaite
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Calcagno C, Lairez O, Hawkins J, Kerr SW, Dugas MS, Simpson T, Epskamp J, Robson PM, Eldib M, Bander I, K-Raman P, Ramachandran S, Pruzan A, Kaufman A, Mani V, Ehlgen A, Niessen HG, Broadwater J, Fayad ZA. Combined PET/DCE-MRI in a Rabbit Model of Atherosclerosis: Integrated Quantification of Plaque Inflammation, Permeability, and Burden During Treatment With a Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase Inhibitor. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 11:291-301. [PMID: 29413439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors sought to develop combined positron emission tomography (PET) dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify plaque inflammation, permeability, and burden to evaluate the efficacy of a leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) inhibitor in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. BACKGROUND Multimodality PET/MRI allows combining the quantification of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, neovascularization, permeability, and burden by combined 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET, DCE-MRI, and morphological MRI. The authors describe a novel, integrated PET-DCE/MRI protocol to noninvasively quantify these parameters in aortic plaques of a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. As proof-of-concept, the authors apply this protocol to assess the efficacy of the novel LTA4H inhibitor BI691751. METHODS New Zealand White male rabbits (N = 49) were imaged with integrated PET-DCE/MRI after atherosclerosis induction and 1 and 3 months after randomization into 3 groups: 1) placebo; 2) high-dose BI691751; and 3) low-dose BI691751. All animals were euthanized at the end of the study. RESULTS Among the several metrics that were quantified, only maximum standardized uptake value and target-to-background ratio by 18F-FDG PET showed a modest, but significant, reduction in plaque inflammation in rabbits treated with low-dose BI691751 (p = 0.03), whereas no difference was detected in the high-fat diet and in the high-dose BI691751 groups. No differences in vessel wall area by MRI and area under the curve by DCE-MRI were detected in any of the groups. No differences in neovessel and macrophage density were found at the end of study among groups. CONCLUSIONS The authors present a comprehensive, integrated 18F-FDG PET and DCE-MRI imaging protocol to noninvasively quantify plaque inflammation, neovasculature, permeability, and burden in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis on a simultaneous PET/MRI scanner. A modest reduction was found in plaque inflammation by 18F-FDG PET in the group treated with a low dose of the LTA4H inhibitor BI691751.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Calcagno
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Olivier Lairez
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging Center, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Hawkins
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Steven W Kerr
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Melanie S Dugas
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Thomas Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Jelle Epskamp
- Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip M Robson
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mootaz Eldib
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ilda Bander
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Purushothaman K-Raman
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York
| | - Sarayu Ramachandran
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alison Pruzan
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Audrey Kaufman
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Venkatesh Mani
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alexander Ehlgen
- Department of Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Heiko G Niessen
- Department of Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - John Broadwater
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Zheng JH, Ning GL, Xu WH, Wu XC, Ma XC. Lack of association between ALOX5AP genetic polymorphisms and risk of ischemic stroke: evidence from meta-analyses. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:357-367. [PMID: 30774347 PMCID: PMC6354695 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s182674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, there has been substantial research evaluating the relationship between arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP) polymorphisms and ischemic stroke (IS). The objective of this study was to systematically review and analyze the existing evidence. METHODS A comprehensive search of major electronic databases for studies published between 1990 and 2018 was carried out. Data were synthesized as OR and 95% CI using fixed-effects and random-effects models. RESULTS A total of 30 studies were available for analysis. The aggregate sample size across all studies was 32,782 (16,294 cases and 16,488 controls). We found no association of the ALOX5AP rs10507391 (OR=1.03 for A allele vs T allele; 95% CI: 0.93-1.14; P=0.557), rs4769874 (OR=1.13 for A allele vs G allele; 95% CI: 1.00-1.28; P=0.050), rs9551963 (OR=1.03 for A allele vs C allele; 95% CI: 0.96-1.11; P=0.372), rs17222814 (OR=1.09 for A allele vs G allele; 95% CI: 0.96-1.24; P=0.195), rs17222919 (OR=0.89 for G allele vs T allele; 95% CI: 0.75-1.06; P=0.175), and rs4073259 (OR=1.20 for A allele vs G allele; 95% CI: 1.00-1.45; P=0.056) polymorphisms with IS risk. Haplotype analysis also did not yield significant findings for the HapA (rs17222814G-rs10507391T-rs4769874G-rs9551963A; OR=1.20; 95% CI: 0.91-1.56; P=0.192) and HapB (rs17216473A-rs10507391A-rs9315050A-rs17222842G; OR=1.11; 95% CI: 0.90-1.38; P=0.339) haplotypes. CONCLUSION Current evidence does not support an association of rs10507391, rs4769874, rs9551963, rs17222814, rs17222919, rs4073259, and HapA and HapB with IS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China,
| | - Gui-Lan Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China,
| | - Wen-Hua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China,
| | - Xin-Cheng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China,
| | - Xiao-Cong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China,
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Gautier-Veyret E, Bäck M, Arnaud C, Belaïdi E, Tamisier R, Lévy P, Arnol N, Perrin M, Pépin JL, Stanke-Labesque F. Cysteinyl-leukotriene pathway as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis related to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:311-319. [PMID: 29920371 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) characterized by nocturnal intermittent hypoxia (IH) is associated with atherosclerosis and cysteinyl-leukotrienes (CysLT) pathway activation. We aimed to identify the determinants of CysLT pathway activation and the role of CysLT in OSA-related atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Determinants of the urinary excretion of LTE4 (U-LTE4) including history of cardiovascular events, polysomnographic and biological parameters were studied in a cohort of 170 OSA patients and 29 controls, and in a subgroup of OSA patients free of cardiovascular event (n = 136). Mechanisms linking IH, the CysLT pathway and atherogenesis were investigated in Apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice exposed to 8-week IH. In the whole cohort, U-LTE4 was independently influenced by age, minimal oxygen saturation, and a history of cardiovascular events, and correlated significantly with intima-media thickness. In the subgroup of OSA patients free of cardiovascular event, increased U-LTE4 was increased compared to controls and independently related to hypoxia severity and traditional risk factors aggregated in the 10-year cardiovascular risk score of European Society of Cardiology. In IH mice, atherosclerosis lesion size and mRNA levels of 5-lipoxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) and CysLT1 receptor were significantly increased. This transcriptional activation was associated with the binding of HIF-1 to the FLAP promoter and was strongly associated with atherosclerosis lesion size. CysLT1 receptor antagonism (montelukast) significantly reduced atherosclerosis progression in IH mice. CONCLUSIONS IH-related CysLT pathway activation contributes to OSA-induced atherogenesis. In the era of personalized medicine, U-LTE4 may be a useful biomarker to identify OSA patients for whom CysLT1 blockade could represent a new therapeutic avenue for reducing cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Gautier-Veyret
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041, Grenoble, France; INSERM U1042, 38041, Grenoble, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire des Alpes, 38043, Grenoble, France.
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Claire Arnaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041, Grenoble, France; INSERM U1042, 38041, Grenoble, France.
| | - Elise Belaïdi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041, Grenoble, France; INSERM U1042, 38041, Grenoble, France.
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041, Grenoble, France; INSERM U1042, 38041, Grenoble, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire des Alpes, 38043, Grenoble, France.
| | - Patrick Lévy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041, Grenoble, France; INSERM U1042, 38041, Grenoble, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire des Alpes, 38043, Grenoble, France.
| | - Nathalie Arnol
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire des Alpes, 38043, Grenoble, France.
| | - Marion Perrin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire des Alpes, 38043, Grenoble, France.
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041, Grenoble, France; INSERM U1042, 38041, Grenoble, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire des Alpes, 38043, Grenoble, France.
| | - Françoise Stanke-Labesque
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041, Grenoble, France; INSERM U1042, 38041, Grenoble, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire des Alpes, 38043, Grenoble, France.
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Clària J, López-Vicario C, Rius B, Titos E. Pro-resolving actions of SPM in adipose tissue biology. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Emerging role of various signaling pathways in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvm.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Iqbal F, Baker WS, Khan MI, Thukuntla S, McKinney KH, Abate N, Tuvdendorj D. Current and future therapies for addressing the effects of inflammation on HDL cholesterol metabolism. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3986-4006. [PMID: 28326542 PMCID: PMC5660004 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Inflammatory processes arising from metabolic abnormalities are known to precipitate the development of CVD. Several metabolic and inflammatory markers have been proposed for predicting the progression of CVD, including high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). For ~50 years, HDL-C has been considered as the atheroprotective 'good' cholesterol because of its strong inverse association with the progression of CVD. Thus, interventions to increase the concentration of HDL-C have been successfully tested in animals; however, clinical trials were unable to confirm the cardiovascular benefits of pharmaceutical interventions aimed at increasing HDL-C levels. Based on these data, the significance of HDL-C in the prevention of CVD has been called into question. Fundamental in vitro and animal studies suggest that HDL-C functionality, rather than HDL-C concentration, is important for the CVD-preventive qualities of HDL-C. Our current review of the literature positively demonstrates the negative impact of systemic and tissue (i.e. adipose tissue) inflammation in the healthy metabolism and function of HDL-C. Our survey indicates that HDL-C may be a good marker of adipose tissue health, independently of its atheroprotective associations. We summarize the current findings on the use of anti-inflammatory drugs to either prevent HDL-C clearance or improve the function and production of HDL-C particles. It is evident that the therapeutic agents currently available may not provide the optimal strategy for altering HDL-C metabolism and function, and thus, further research is required to supplement this mechanistic approach for preventing the progression of CVD. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Iqbal
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Wendy S Baker
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Madiha I Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Shwetha Thukuntla
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Kevin H McKinney
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Nicola Abate
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Demidmaa Tuvdendorj
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
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Role of the Cysteinyl Leukotrienes in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Cardiovascular Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:2432958. [PMID: 28932020 PMCID: PMC5592403 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2432958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent lipid inflammatory mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid, through the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway. Owing to their properties, CysLTs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammation; therefore, CysLT modifiers as synthesis inhibitors or receptor antagonists, central in asthma management, may become a potential target for the treatment of other inflammatory diseases such as the cardiovascular disorders. 5-LO pathway activation and increased expression of its mediators and receptors are found in cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the cardioprotective effects observed by using CysLT modifiers are promising and contribute to elucidate the link between CysLTs and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of present research about the role of the CysLTs in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.
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Drug discovery approaches targeting 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) for inhibition of cellular leukotriene biosynthesis. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 153:34-48. [PMID: 28784429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are proinflammatory lipid mediators associated with diverse chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, COPD, IBD, arthritis, atherosclerosis, dermatitis and cancer. Cellular leukotrienes are produced from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in which the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein, also named as FLAP, plays a critical role by operating as a regulatory protein for efficient transfer of arachidonic acid to 5-lipoxygenase. By blocking leukotriene production, FLAP inhibitors may behave as broad-spectrum leukotriene modulators, which might be of therapeutic use for chronic inflammatory diseases requiring anti-leukotriene therapy. The early development of FLAP inhibitors (i.e. MK-886, MK-591, BAY-X-1005) mostly concentrated on asthma cure, and resulted in promising readouts in preclinical and clinical studies with asthma patients. Following the recent elucidation of the 3D-structure of FLAP, development of new inhibitor chemotypes is highly accelerated, eventually leading to the evolution of many un-drug-like structures into more drug-like entities such as AZD6642 and BI665915 as development candidates. The most clinically advanced FLAP inhibitor to date is GSK2190918 (formerly AM803) that has successfully completed phase II clinical trials in asthmatics. Concluding, although there are no FLAP inhibitors reached to the drug approval phase yet, due to the rising number of indications for anti-LT therapy such as atherosclerosis, FLAP inhibitor development remains a significant research field. FLAP inhibitors reviewed herein are classified into four sub-classes as the first-generation FLAP inhibitors (indole and quinoline derivatives), the second-generation FLAP inhibitors (diaryl-alkanes and biaryl amino-heteroarenes), the benzimidazole-containing FLAP inhibitors and other FLAP inhibitors with polypharmacology for easiness of the reader. Hence, we meticulously summarize how FLAP inhibitors historically developed from scratch to their current advanced state, and leave the reader with a positive view that a FLAP inhibitor might soon reach to the need of patients who may require anti-LT therapy.
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Hoxha M, Rovati GE, Cavanillas AB. The leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast and its possible role in the cardiovascular field. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 73:799-809. [PMID: 28374082 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-017-2242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) are pro-inflammatory mediators of the 5-lipooxygenase (5-LO) pathway, that play an important role in bronchoconstriction, but can also enhance endothelial cell permeability and myocardial contractility, and are involved in many other inflammatory conditions. In the late 1990s, leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) were introduced in therapy for asthma and later on, approved for the relief of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and urticaria. In addition, it has been shown that LTRAs may have a potential role in preventing atherosclerosis progression. PURPOSE The aims of this short review are to delineate the potential cardiovascular protective role of a LTRA, montelukast, beyond its traditional use, and to foster the design of appropriate clinical trials to test this hypothesis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS What it is known about leukotriene receptor antagonists? •Leukotriene receptor antagonist, such as montelukast and zafirlukast, is used in asthma, COPD, and allergic rhinitis. • Montelukast is the most prescribed CysLT1 antagonist used in asthmatic patients. • Different in vivo animal studies have shown that leukotriene receptor antagonists can prevent the atherosclerosis progression, and have a protective role after cerebral ischemia. What we still need to know? • Today, there is a need for conducting clinical trials to assess the role of montelukast in reducing cardiovascular risk and to further understand the mechanism of action behind this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Hoxha
- Department of Chemical, Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga. D. Hoxha, Tirana, Albania.
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9-20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - G Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Bueno Cavanillas
- IBS Granada, University of Granada, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain
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26
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Elias I, Ferré T, Vilà L, Muñoz S, Casellas A, Garcia M, Molas M, Agudo J, Roca C, Ruberte J, Bosch F, Franckhauser S. ALOX5AP Overexpression in Adipose Tissue Leads to LXA4 Production and Protection Against Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2016; 65:2139-50. [PMID: 27207555 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids, such as leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and lipoxin A4 (LXA4), may play a key role during obesity. While LTB4 is involved in adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, LXA4 may exert anti-inflammatory effects and alleviate hepatic steatosis. Both lipid mediators derive from the same pathway, in which arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) and its partner, arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP), are involved. ALOX5 and ALOX5AP expression is increased in humans and rodents with obesity and insulin resistance. We found that transgenic mice overexpressing ALOX5AP in adipose tissue had higher LXA4 rather than higher LTB4 levels, were leaner, and showed increased energy expenditure, partly due to browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Upregulation of hepatic LXR and Cyp7a1 led to higher bile acid synthesis, which may have contributed to increased thermogenesis. In addition, transgenic mice were protected against diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Finally, treatment of C57BL/6J mice with LXA4, which showed browning of WAT, strongly suggests that LXA4 is responsible for the transgenic mice phenotype. Thus, our data support that LXA4 may hold great potential for the future development of therapeutic strategies for obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivet Elias
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tura Ferré
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Vilà
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Muñoz
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Casellas
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Garcia
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Molas
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Agudo
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Roca
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruberte
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylvie Franckhauser
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
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Jensen HA, Mehta JL. Endothelial cell dysfunction as a novel therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 14:1021-33. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2016.1207527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna A. Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jawahar L. Mehta
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Levent S, Gerstmeier J, Olgaç A, Nikels F, Garscha U, Carotti A, Macchiarulo A, Werz O, Banoglu E, Çalışkan B. Synthesis and biological evaluation of C(5)-substituted derivatives of leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor BRP-7. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:510-519. [PMID: 27423639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological intervention with 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway leading to suppression of leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis is a clinically validated strategy for treatment of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases such as asthma and atherosclerosis. Here we describe the synthesis of a series of C(5)-substituted analogues of the previously described 5-LO-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor BRP-7 (IC50 = 0.31 μM) to explore the effects of substitution at the C(5)-benzimidazole (BI) ring as a strategy to increase the potency against FLAP-mediated 5-LO product formation. Incorporation of polar substituents on the C(5) position of the BI core, exemplified by compound 11 with a C(5)-nitrile substituent, significantly enhances the potency for suppression of 5-LO product synthesis in human neutrophils (IC50 = 0.07 μM) and monocytes (IC50 = 0.026 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Abdurrahman Olgaç
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Felix Nikels
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Erden Banoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Çalışkan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Yenimahalle, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
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29
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A lipidomic analysis approach in patients undergoing lipoprotein apheresis. Atherosclerosis 2016; 249:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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30
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Banoglu E, Çelikoğlu E, Völker S, Olgaç A, Gerstmeier J, Garscha U, Çalışkan B, Schubert US, Carotti A, Macchiarulo A, Werz O. 4,5-Diarylisoxazol-3-carboxylic acids: A new class of leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors potentially targeting 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP). Eur J Med Chem 2016; 113:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Inflammatory mediators in saliva associated with arterial stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis. J Hypertens 2015; 31:2251-8; discussion 2258. [PMID: 23868086 PMCID: PMC3819311 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328363dccc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whereas circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been associated with, for example, arterial stiffness, subclinical atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome, other inflammatory biomarkers with potential interest for these conditions may not be measurable systemically. The predictive value of salivary biomarkers in these contexts has remained largely unexplored. The aim of the present study was to establish the association of different salivary biomarkers of inflammation with subclinical cardiovascular disease. METHODS Two hundred and fifty-nine individuals were included in the study. Saliva and plasma samples were collected, and each individual underwent carotid ultrasound and measures of pulse wave velocity and blood pressure. Medical history of previous cardiovascular disease, current medications and smoking were collected by questionnaire. RESULTS Salivary levels of CRP, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), creatinine and lysozyme were measured. Salivary levels of CRP were significantly correlated with plasma levels (r = 0.73, P < 0.0001). In an age-adjusted and sex-adjusted analysis, salivary CRP was significantly and positively correlated with mean arterial blood pressure, pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity, BMI, metabolic syndrome, waist-to-hip ratio and intima-media thickness. Increasing age and sex-adjusted salivary CRP tertiles were in addition associated with carotid plaques. In a multivariate analysis, CRP and MMP-9 were associated with intima-media thickness, LTB4 and PGE2 with arterial stiffness, and lysozyme with hypertension. CONCLUSION Saliva may represent an alternative mean for evaluation of cardiovascular risk.
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a maladaptive, nonresolving chronic inflammatory disease that occurs at sites of blood flow disturbance. The disease usually remains silent until a breakdown of integrity at the arterial surface triggers the formation of a thrombus. By occluding the lumen, the thrombus or emboli detaching from it elicits ischaemic symptoms that may be life-threatening. Two types of surface damage can cause atherothrombosis: plaque rupture and endothelial erosion. Plaque rupture is thought to be caused by loss of mechanical stability, often due to reduced tensile strength of the collagen cap surrounding the plaque. Therefore, plaques with reduced collagen content are thought to be more vulnerable than those with a thick collagen cap. Endothelial erosion, on the other hand, may occur after injurious insults to the endothelium instigated by metabolic disturbance or immune insults. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in plaque vulnerability and the development of atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Hansson
- Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Department of Physiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
The immune reactions that regulate atherosclerotic plaque inflammation involve chemokines, lipid mediators and costimulatory molecules. Chemokines are a family of chemotactic cytokines that mediate immune cell recruitment and control cell homeostasis and activation of different immune cell types and subsets. Chemokine production and activation of chemokine receptors form a positive feedback mechanism to recruit monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes into the atherosclerotic plaque. In addition, chemokine signalling affects immune cell mobilization from the bone marrow. Targeting several of the chemokines and/or chemokine receptors reduces experimental atherosclerosis, whereas specific chemokine pathways appear to be involved in plaque regression. Leukotrienes are lipid mediators that are formed locally in atherosclerotic lesions from arachidonic acid. Leukotrienes mediate immune cell recruitment and activation within the plaque as well as smooth muscle cell proliferation and endothelial dysfunction. Antileukotrienes decrease experimental atherosclerosis, and recent observational data suggest beneficial clinical effects of leukotriene receptor antagonism in cardiovascular disease prevention. By contrast, other lipid mediators, such as lipoxins and metabolites of omega-3 fatty acids, have been associated with the resolution of inflammation. Costimulatory molecules play a central role in fine-tuning immunological reactions and mediate crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis. Targeting these interactions is a promising approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis, but immunological side effects are still a concern. In summary, targeting chemokines, leukotriene receptors and costimulatory molecules could represent potential therapeutic strategies to control atherosclerotic plaque inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bäck
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Maciejewska D, Ossowski P, Drozd A, Ryterska K, Jamioł-Milc D, Banaszczak M, Kaczorowska M, Sabinicz A, Raszeja-Wyszomirska J, Stachowska E. Metabolites of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid in early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease--A pilot study. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:184-9. [PMID: 26408952 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver conditions related to fat infiltration. The role of liver triacylglycerol accumulation in NAFLD is not fully understood. METHODS Twenty-four patients, 12 in the first and 12 in the second stage of NAFLD, were prospectively enrolled in this study. Biochemical parameters and eicosanoids (HETE and HODE) were compared between the first and the second stage of hepatic steatosis and the effect of a 6-month dietary intervention on these parameters was evaluated. Eicosanoid profiles were extracted from 0.5 ml of plasma using solid-phase extraction RP-18 SPE columns. The HPLC separations were performed on a 1260 liquid chromatograph. RESULTS Patients with stage I NAFLD had a significantly higher level of HDL cholesterol and a lower level of 5-HETE. Patients with grade II steatosis had higher concentrations of 9-HODE. Following the six-month dietary intervention, hepatic steatosis resolved completely in all patients. This resulted in a significant decrease in the concentrations of all eicosanoids (LX4, 16-HETE, 13-HODE, 9-HODE, 15-HETE, 12-HETE, 5-oxoETE, 5-HETE) and key biochemical parameters (BMI, insulin, HOMA-IR, liver enzymes). CONCLUSION A significant reduction in the analyzed eicosanoids and a parallel reduction in fatty liver confirmed the usefulness of HETE and HODE in the assessment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Ossowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karina Ryterska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Jamioł-Milc
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Banaszczak
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kaczorowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Sabinicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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Ketelhuth DF, Hermansson A, Hlawaty H, Letourneur D, Yan ZQ, Bäck M. The leukotriene B4 receptor (BLT) antagonist BIIL284 decreases atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:105-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lehmann C, Homann J, Ball AK, Blöcher R, Kleinschmidt TK, Basavarajappa D, Angioni C, Ferreirós N, Häfner AK, Rådmark O, Proschak E, Haeggström JZ, Geisslinger G, Parnham MJ, Steinhilber D, Kahnt AS. Lipoxin and resolvin biosynthesis is dependent on 5-lipoxygenase activating protein. FASEB J 2015; 29:5029-43. [PMID: 26289316 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-275487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of acute inflammation is an active process coordinated by proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) such as lipoxins (LXs) and resolvins (Rvs), which are formed by the concerted action of 2 lipoxygenases (LOs). Because the exact molecular mechanisms of SPM biosynthesis are not completely understood, we aimed to investigate LX and D-type Rv formation in human leukocytes and HEK293T cells overexpressing leukotriene (LT) pathway enzymes. Activity assays in precursor (15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, 17-HDoHE)-treated granulocytes [polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs)] showed a strict dependence of LXA4/RvD1 biosynthesis on cell integrity, and incubation with recombinant human 5-LO did not lead to LX or Rv formation. Pharmacologic inhibition of 5-LO activating protein (FLAP) by MK-886 inhibited LXA4/RvD1 biosynthesis in precursor-treated PMNLs (drug concentration causing 50% inhibition ∼ 0.3/0.2 µM), as did knockdown of the enzyme in MM6 cells, and precursor-treated HEK293T overexpressing 5-LO produced high amounts of LXA4 only in the presence of FLAP. In addition, inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) interfered with LXA4/RvD1 formation from exogenous precursors in PMNLs. Furthermore, inhibition of the LT synthases LTA4 hydrolase and LTC4 synthase in PMNL/platelet coincubations augmented LXA4 levels. These findings show that several enzymes known to be involved in the biosynthesis of proinflammatory LTs, such as FLAP and cPLA2α, also contribute to LX and Rv formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Lehmann
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Homann
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Katrin Ball
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - René Blöcher
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thea K Kleinschmidt
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlo Angioni
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Kathrin Häfner
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Rådmark
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael J Parnham
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Stefanie Kahnt
- *Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mashima R, Okuyama T. The role of lipoxygenases in pathophysiology; new insights and future perspectives. Redox Biol 2015; 6:297-310. [PMID: 26298204 PMCID: PMC4556770 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are dioxygenases that catalyze the formation of corresponding hydroperoxides from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. LOX enzymes are expressed in immune, epithelial, and tumor cells that display a variety of physiological functions, including inflammation, skin disorder, and tumorigenesis. In the humans and mice, six LOX isoforms have been known. 15-LOX, a prototypical enzyme originally found in reticulocytes shares the similarity of amino acid sequence as well as the biochemical property to plant LOX enzymes. 15-LOX-2, which is expressed in epithelial cells and leukocytes, has different substrate specificity in the humans and mice, therefore, the role of them in mammals has not been established. 12-LOX is an isoform expressed in epithelial cells and myeloid cells including platelets. Many mutations in this isoform are found in epithelial cancers, suggesting a potential link between 12-LOX and tumorigenesis. 12R-LOX can be found in the epithelial cells of the skin. Defects in this gene result in ichthyosis, a cutaneous disorder characterized by pathophysiologically dried skin due to abnormal loss of water from its epithelial cell layer. Similarly, eLOX-3, which is also expressed in the skin epithelial cells acting downstream 12R-LOX, is another causative factor for ichthyosis. 5-LOX is a distinct isoform playing an important role in asthma and inflammation. This isoform causes the constriction of bronchioles in response to cysteinyl leukotrienes such as LTC4, thus leading to asthma. It also induces neutrophilic inflammation by its recruitment in response to LTB4. Importantly, 5-LOX activity is strictly regulated by 5-LOX activating protein (FLAP) though the distribution of 5-LOX in the nucleus. Currently, pharmacological drugs targeting FLAP are actively developing. This review summarized these functions of LOX enzymes under pathophysiological conditions in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Mashima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Torayuki Okuyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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Petri MH, Thul S, Ovchinnikova O, Bäck M. Differential regulation of monocytic expression of leukotriene and lipoxin receptors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:138-43. [PMID: 26248046 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipoxygenase pathway yields both pro-inflammatory leukotrienes and pro-resolving lipoxins. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of T-lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory stimuli on the expression levels of the lipoxin FPR2/ALX receptor, and the leukotriene BLT1 receptor in monocytes and macrophages, and to characterize LXA4-induced effects on pro-inflammatory mediators. METHODS Human macrophages were co-cultured with activated CD4(+) cells. THP-1 cells were stimulated with different cytokines, LXA4 and supernatant from activated CD4(+) cells. mRNA was extracted for qPCR experiments and protein was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Co-culture of macrophages with activated CD4(+) cells or their supernatants up-regulated macrophage FPR2/ALX expression but did not alter BLT1 receptor expression. Monocyte stimulation with IFN-γ up-regulated FPR2/ALX mRNA and protein levels, whereas BLT1 mRNA was down-regulated. Finally, LXA4 decreased mRNA levels of MMP-9, CXCL16, IL-1β, and IL-8 in THP-1 cells. CONCLUSION The present study shows that pro-inflammatory stimuli lead to FPR2/ALX expression. LXA4 induces an anti-inflammatory response, which could participate in the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Heron Petri
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Silke Thul
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Ovchinnikova
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
The view of atherosclerosis as an inflammatory disease has emerged from observations of immune activation and inflammatory signalling in human atherosclerotic lesions, from the definition of inflammatory biomarkers as independent risk factors for cardiovascular events, and from evidence of low-density lipoprotein-induced immune activation. Studies in animal models of hyperlipidaemia have also supported the beneficial effects of countering inflammation to delay atherosclerosis progression. Specific inflammatory pathways with relevance to human diseases have been identified, and inhibitors of these pathways are either already in use for the treatment of other diseases, or are under development and evaluation. These include 'classic' drugs (such as allopurinol, colchicine, and methotrexate), biologic therapies (for example tumour necrosis factor inhibitors and IL-1 neutralization), as well as targeting of lipid mediators (such as phospholipase inhibitors and antileukotrienes) or intracellular pathways (inhibition of NADPH oxidase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, or phosphodiesterase). The evidence supporting the use of anti-inflammatory therapies for atherosclerosis is mainly based on either observational or small interventional studies evaluating surrogate markers of disease activity. Nevertheless, these data are crucial to understand the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, and to design randomized controlled studies to evaluate the effect of specific anti-inflammatory strategies on cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bäck
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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You JS, Choi WB, Yi YY, Jeong SI, Song JS, Yang S, Hwang IT, Lee HB, Baek HS. Plasma secreted phospholipase A2 in asthmatic children: correlation with leptin levels and exercise induced bronchoconstriction. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2015.3.2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jueng-Sup You
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Bok Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Young Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-In Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon-Sup Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Tae Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Baik Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hey-Sung Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. A chronic low grade inflammatory state has been described during obesity and associated with insulin resistance pathogenesis. Results from animal studies are in favor of a role of the leukotriene (LT) pathway in obesity induced-insulin resistance. However, there is a paucity of data regarding this association in human obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether LT production was associated with insulin resistance and other metabolic parameters in a cohort of obese subjects. Forty-six (70% females) obese subjects (BMI≧30 kg/m2) without known diabetes and without inflammatory disease (CRP<10 mg/l) were included. Median age was 44 years (16–80) with a median BMI of 36.8 kg/m2 (30–51). Insulin resistance was evaluated by HOMA-IR index and glucose tolerance test. Urinary LTE4 (U-LTE4) concentration was measured by enzyme immune assay. Screening for obstructive sleep apnea was performed. There was a positive association of U-LTE4 with waist to hip ratio, systolic blood pressure and HOMA-IR in univariate analysis. Further, waist to hip ratio remained the only parameter significantly correlated with U-LTE4, in adjusted multivariate analysis. Taken together, these results confirm the previously established notion of chronic low grade inflammation in obesity and further suggests a role for the LT pathway in obesity-associated development of insulin resistance in humans.
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García-Alonso V, Clària J. Prostaglandin E2 signals white-to-brown adipogenic differentiation. Adipocyte 2014; 3:290-6. [PMID: 26317053 DOI: 10.4161/adip.29993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of new adipocytes from precursor cells is a crucial aspect of normal adipose tissue function. During the adipogenic process, adipocytes differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells give rise to two main types of fat: white adipose tissue (WAT) characterized by the presence of adipocytes containing large unilocular lipid droplets, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) composed by multilocular brown adipocytes packed with mitochondria. WAT is not only important for energy storage but also as an endocrine organ regulating whole body homeostasis by secreting adipokines and other mediators, which directly impact metabolic functions in obesity. By contrast, BAT is specialized in dissipating energy in form of heat and has salutary effects in combating obesity and associated disorders. Unfortunately, WAT is the predominant fat type, whereas BAT is scarce and located in discrete pockets in adult humans. Luckily, another type of brown adipocytes, called beige or brite (brown-in-white) adipocytes, with similar functions to those of "classical" brown adipocytes has recently been identified in WAT. In this review, a close look is given into the role of bioactive lipid mediators in the regulation of adipogenesis, with a special emphasis on the role of the microsomal prostaglandin E (PGE) synthase-1, a terminal enzyme in PGE2 biosynthesis, as a key regulator of white-to-brown adipogenesis in WAT.
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Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, a 5-lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitor, alleviates diabetic atherosclerotic manifestations: effect on vascular reactivity and stiffness. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 213:28-36. [PMID: 24508943 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major macrovascular complication of diabetes that increases the risks for myocardial infarction, stroke, and other vascular diseases. The effect of a selective 5-lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitor; caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on diabetes-induced atherosclerotic manifestations was investigated. Insulin deficiency or resistance was induced by STZ or fructose respectively. Atherosclerosis developed when rats were left for 8 or 12 weeks subsequent STZ or fructose administration respectively. CAPE (30 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) was given in the last 6 weeks. Afterwards, blood pressure (BP) was recorded. Then, isolated aorta reactivity to KCl and phenylephrine (PE) was studied. Blood glucose level, serum levels of insulin, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) as well as advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were determined. Moreover aortic haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression and collagen deposition were also assessed. Insulin deficiency and resistance were accompanied with elevated BP, exaggerated response to KCl and PE, elevated serum TNF-α and AGEs levels. Both models showed marked increase in collagen deposition. However, CAPE alleviated systolic and diastolic BP elevations and the exaggerated vascular contractility to both PE and KCl in both models without affecting AGEs level. CAPE inhibited TNF-α serum level elevation, induced aortic HO-1 expression and reduced collagen deposition. CAPE prevented development of hyperinsulinemia in insulin resistance model without any impact on the developed hyperglycemia in insulin deficiency model. In conclusion, CAPE offsets the atherosclerotic changes associated with diabetes via amelioration of the significant functional and structural derangements in the vessels in addition to its antihyperinsulinemic effect in insulin resistant model.
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Spite M, Clària J, Serhan CN. Resolvins, specialized proresolving lipid mediators, and their potential roles in metabolic diseases. Cell Metab 2014; 19:21-36. [PMID: 24239568 PMCID: PMC3947989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with the development of diseases characterized by altered nutrient metabolism. Although an acute inflammatory response is host-protective and normally self-limited, chronic low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic diseases is sustained and detrimental. The resolution of inflammation involves the termination of neutrophil recruitment, counterregulation of proinflammatory mediators, stimulation of macrophage-mediated clearance, and tissue remodeling. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs)-resolvins, protectins, and maresins-are novel autacoids that resolve inflammation, protect organs, and stimulate tissue regeneration. Here, we review evidence that the failure of resolution programs contributes to metabolic diseases and that SPMs may play pivotal roles in their resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Spite
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Joan Clària
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Esther Koplowitz Biomedical Research Center, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Yoo JK, Shin JY, You JS, Jeong SI, Song JS, Yang S, Hwang IT, Lee HB, Baek HS. Serum leptin levels correlate with bronchial hyper-responsiveness to mannitol in asthmatic children. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2014.2.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Kyung Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Young Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jueng-Sup You
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-In Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon-Sup Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Tae Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Baik Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hey-Sung Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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46
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Stanke-Labesque F, Pépin JL, Gautier-Veyret E, Lévy P, Bäck M. Leukotrienes as a molecular link between obstructive sleep apnoea and atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 101:187-93. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Abstract
At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and many investigators, even in related disciplines, find many of these genes and the related pathways entirely foreign. Medical schools generally do not attempt to incorporate the relevant molecular biology into their curriculum. A number of key signaling pathways are highly relevant to atherogenesis and are presented to provide a context for the gene manipulations summarized herein. The pathways include the following: the insulin receptor (and other receptor tyrosine kinases); Ras and MAPK activation; TNF-α and related family members leading to activation of NF-κB; effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on signaling; endothelial adaptations to flow including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and integrin-related signaling; activation of endothelial and other cells by modified lipoproteins; purinergic signaling; control of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, migration, and further activation; foam cell formation; and macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell signaling related to proliferation, efferocytosis, and apoptosis. This review is intended primarily as an introduction to these key signaling pathways. They have become the focus of modern atherosclerosis research and will undoubtedly provide a rich resource for future innovation toward intervention and prevention of the number one cause of death in the modern world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Urinary leukotriene E4 is associated with renal function but not with endothelial function in type 2 diabetes. DISEASE MARKERS 2013; 35:475-80. [PMID: 24198444 PMCID: PMC3809968 DOI: 10.1155/2013/370461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are inflammatory and vasoactive mediators implicated in endothelium-dependent relaxations and atherosclerosis. Urinary leukotriene E4 (U-LTE4) is a validated disease marker of asthma and increases also in diabetes and acute coronary syndromes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of U-LTE4 and CRP with endothelial function. Urine samples were obtained from 30 subjects (80% males; median age 65) with type 2 diabetes of at least two years duration and a median glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 71 (14–129) mL/min. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI) was used as a measure of microvascular endothelial function, whereas macrovascular endothelial function was determined be means of flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery (FMD). Decreased renal function was associated with lower concentrations of U-LTE4. In addition, U-LTE4 was correlated with serum creatinine (R = −0.572; P = 0.001) and eGFR (R = 0.517; P = 0.0036). A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified eGFR as an independent predictor of U-LTE4 concentrations. In conclusion, the present results did not establish an association of U-LTE4 with endothelial dysfunction. However, eGFR was an independent predictor of U-LTE4, but not CRP, in this cohort, suggesting that GFR should be considered in biomarker studies of U-LTE4.
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Neels JG. A role for 5-lipoxygenase products in obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance. Adipocyte 2013; 2:262-5. [PMID: 24052903 PMCID: PMC3774703 DOI: 10.4161/adip.24835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing amount of evidence that obesity-induced low-grade inflammation is an important causative link between obesity and many of its associated pathologies such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. In the quest to identify the triggers of obesity-associated inflammation of adipose tissue, our laboratory recently demonstrated that adipocytes can secrete leukotrienes, and that these pro-inflammatory lipid mediators contribute to obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance in mice. Together with other recent studies, our recent findings identify an important role for the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase and its products in the induction and resolution of adipose tissue inflammation. Therefore, pharmaceutical approaches that target this enzyme or its products should be considered as novel treatments aimed at preventing or resolving obesity-induced inflammation and its associated pathologies.
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Liu HQ, Zhang XY, Edfeldt K, Nijhuis MO, Idborg H, Bäck M, Roy J, Hedin U, Jakobsson PJ, Laman JD, de Kleijn DP, Pasterkamp G, Hansson GK, Yan ZQ. NOD2-Mediated Innate Immune Signaling Regulates the Eicosanoids in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2193-201. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qing Liu
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Kristina Edfeldt
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Manon Oude Nijhuis
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Helena Idborg
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Magnus Bäck
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Joy Roy
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Ulf Hedin
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Jon D. Laman
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Dominique P. de Kleijn
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Göran K. Hansson
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
| | - Zhong-Qun Yan
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.-Q.L., X.-Y.Z., K.E., M.B., G.K.H., Z.-Q.Y.), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology (K.E.), and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (H.I., P.-J.J.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China (H.-Q.L.); Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing,
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