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Adenosine Receptor Signaling in Diseases with Focus on Cancer. JORJANI BIOMEDICINE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/jorjanibiomedj.10.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Hasan D, Shono A, van Kalken CK, van der Spek PJ, Krenning EP, Kotani T. A novel definition and treatment of hyperinflammation in COVID-19 based on purinergic signalling. Purinergic Signal 2021; 18:13-59. [PMID: 34757513 PMCID: PMC8578920 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperinflammation plays an important role in severe and critical COVID-19. Using inconsistent criteria, many researchers define hyperinflammation as a form of very severe inflammation with cytokine storm. Therefore, COVID-19 patients are treated with anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs appear to be less efficacious than expected and are sometimes accompanied by serious adverse effects. SARS-CoV-2 promotes cellular ATP release. Increased levels of extracellular ATP activate the purinergic receptors of the immune cells initiating the physiologic pro-inflammatory immune response. Persisting viral infection drives the ATP release even further leading to the activation of the P2X7 purinergic receptors (P2X7Rs) and a severe yet physiologic inflammation. Disease progression promotes prolonged vigorous activation of the P2X7R causing cell death and uncontrolled ATP release leading to cytokine storm and desensitisation of all other purinergic receptors of the immune cells. This results in immune paralysis with co-infections or secondary infections. We refer to this pathologic condition as hyperinflammation. The readily available and affordable P2X7R antagonist lidocaine can abrogate hyperinflammation and restore the normal immune function. The issue is that the half-maximal effective concentration for P2X7R inhibition of lidocaine is much higher than the maximal tolerable plasma concentration where adverse effects start to develop. To overcome this, we selectively inhibit the P2X7Rs of the immune cells of the lymphatic system inducing clonal expansion of Tregs in local lymph nodes. Subsequently, these Tregs migrate throughout the body exerting anti-inflammatory activities suppressing systemic and (distant) local hyperinflammation. We illustrate this with six critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with lidocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsuko Shono
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | | | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Toru Kotani
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
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Wang D, Wang J, Zhou J, Zheng X. The Role of Adenosine Receptor A2A in the Regulation of Macrophage Exosomes and Vascular Endothelial Cells During Bone Healing. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4001-4017. [PMID: 34429631 PMCID: PMC8380306 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s324232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophage exosomes and vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are critical to bone healing. However, few studies explore the molecular regulation of them in the bone fracture microenvironment. Methods In this study, we explored the effects of adenosine receptor A2A (ADA2AR) in macrophage exosomes and VECs during bone healing. CGS21680 (an ADA2AR agonist) and ZM241385 (an ADA2AR antagonist) were used. First, the effects of the ADA2AR on VECs during bone healing were studied in vivo in a rat tibial fracture model. Second, the effects of ADA2AR on VECs and in the regulation of VECs by macrophages were examined in the bone fracture microenvironment. Third, the effects of ADA2AR on the regulation of macrophage exosomes on VECs were analyzed. Finally, the genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with the regulation of VECs by the ADA2AR were examined by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Results CGS21680 accelerated VEC proliferation in the early stage of bone healing and that ZM241385 suppressed VEC proliferation in vivo. ZM241385 inhibited cell viability and tube formation in vitro. However, CGS21680 did not promote tube formation, cell proliferation, or cell migration in vitro. The inhibition of macrophage exosomes could suppress tube formation and VEC migration. CGS21680 had no effects on tube formation in a macrophage-VEC co-culture. The macrophage exosomes were purified and CGS21680 promoted the macrophage secretion of exosomes. In contrast, ZM241385 inhibited the macrophage secretion exosomes. Finally, the lncRNA and mRNA involved in the activation of the ADA2AR in VECs were analyzed. CGS21680 upregulated 3274 mRNAs and downregulated 2236 mRNAs, and upregulated 1696 lncRNAs and downregulated 1882 lncRNAs. The hub genes involved in angiogenesis were Flt1, Fgf2, Mapk14, Fn1, and Jun. Conclusion The activation of ADA2AR was essential for angiogenesis and the secretion of exosomes by macrophages during bone healing; moreover, the inactivation of the ADA2AR led to poor angiogenesis and bone nonunion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of SICU, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of SICU, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Effects of Dual Purinoceptor-dependent Approach on Release of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor From Human Microvascular Endothelial Cell (HMEC-1) and Endothelial Cell Condition. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:349-359. [PMID: 32569015 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, the awareness of the role purinergic signaling plays as a therapeutic target has increased considerably. The purinoceptor allows the action of extracellular nucleotides (P2 receptors) and intermediary products of their metabolism, such as adenosine (P1 receptors), regulating pivotal processes occurring in the cardiovascular system. This study focuses on a dual purinoreceptor-dependent approach, based on the activation of adenosine P1 receptors with the simultaneous inhibition of P2Y12 receptors that can be used as novel platelet inhibitors in antithrombotic therapy. Endothelial cells are directly exposed to the drugs circulating in the bloodstream. That is why effects of our concept on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were examined in in vitro studies, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and scratch assays. In response to adenosine receptor agonists, levels of secreted vascular endothelial growth factor varied. Two of them, 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine and MRE0094 remarkably increased vascular endothelial growth factor release. The elevated levels were reduced when used together with the P2Y12 receptor antagonist. Also, rates of wound closure in a scratch assay were significantly reduced in these cases. The results suggest that the proposed treatment does not impair endothelial cell condition. In addition, it is suggested as a collateral benefit, namely solving the problem of excessive activation of endothelial cells during antiplatelet therapy.
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Spinozzi E, Baldassarri C, Acquaticci L, Del Bello F, Grifantini M, Cappellacci L, Riccardo P. Adenosine receptors as promising targets for the management of ocular diseases. Med Chem Res 2021; 30:353-370. [PMID: 33519168 PMCID: PMC7829661 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ocular drug discovery arena has undergone a significant improvement in the last few years culminating in the FDA approvals of 8 new drugs. However, despite a large number of drugs, generics, and combination products available, it remains an urgent need to find breakthrough strategies and therapies for tackling ocular diseases. Targeting the adenosinergic system may represent an innovative strategy for discovering new ocular therapeutics. This review focused on the recent advance in the field and described the numerous nucleoside and non-nucleoside modulators of the four adenosine receptors (ARs) used as potential tools or clinical drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Spinozzi
- School of Pharmacy Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Baldassarri
- School of Pharmacy Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Acquaticci
- School of Pharmacy Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mario Grifantini
- School of Pharmacy Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Loredana Cappellacci
- School of Pharmacy Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Petrelli Riccardo
- School of Pharmacy Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Antonioli L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, D'Antongiovanni V, Turiello R, Morello S, Haskó G, Blandizzi C. Adenosine Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:145-167. [PMID: 33123998 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine, deriving from ATP released by dying cancer cells and then degradated in the tumor environment by CD39/CD73 enzyme axis, is linked to the generation of an immunosuppressed niche favoring the onset of neoplasia. Signals delivered by extracellular adenosine are detected and transduced by G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors, classified into four subtypes: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. A critical role of this nucleoside is emerging in the modulation of several immune and nonimmune cells defining the tumor microenvironment, providing novel insights about the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at undermining the immune-privileged sites where cancer cells grow and proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Turiello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,PhD Program in Drug discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Advantages in Wound Healing Process in Female Mice Require Upregulation A 2A-Mediated Angiogenesis under the Stimulation of 17β-Estradiol. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197145. [PMID: 32998232 PMCID: PMC7583763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogenic steroids and adenosine A2A receptors promote the wound healing and angiogenesis processes. However, so far, it is unclear whether estrogen may regulate the expression and pro-angiogenic activity of A2A receptors. Using in vivo analyses, we showed that female wild type (WT) mice have a more rapid wound healing process than female or male A2A-deficient mice (A2AKO) mice. We also found that pulmonary endothelial cells (mPEC) isolated from female WT mice showed higher expression of A2A receptor than mPEC from male WT mice. mPEC from female WT mice were more sensitive to A2A-mediated pro-angiogenic response, suggesting an ER and A2A crosstalk, which was confirmed using cells isolated from A2AKO. In those female cells, 17β-estradiol potentiated A2A-mediated cell proliferation, an effect that was inhibited by selective antagonists of estrogen receptors (ER), ERα, and ERβ. Therefore, estrogen regulates the expression and/or pro-angiogenic activity of A2A adenosine receptors, likely involving activation of ERα and ERβ receptors. Sexual dimorphism in wound healing observed in the A2AKO mice process reinforces the functional crosstalk between ER and A2A receptors.
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Shetty T, Sishtla K, Park B, Repass MJ, Corson TW. Heme Synthesis Inhibition Blocks Angiogenesis via Mitochondrial Dysfunction. iScience 2020; 23:101391. [PMID: 32755804 PMCID: PMC7399258 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between heme metabolism and angiogenesis is poorly understood. The final synthesis of heme occurs in mitochondria, where ferrochelatase (FECH) inserts Fe2+ into protoporphyrin IX to produce proto-heme IX. We previously showed that FECH inhibition is antiangiogenic in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs) and in animal models of ocular neovascularization. In the present study, we sought to understand the mechanism of how FECH and thus heme is involved in endothelial cell function. Mitochondria in endothelial cells had several defects in function after heme inhibition. FECH loss changed the shape and mass of mitochondria and led to significant oxidative stress. Oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial Complex IV were decreased in HRECs and in murine retina ex vivo after heme depletion. Supplementation with heme partially rescued phenotypes of FECH blockade. These findings provide an unexpected link between mitochondrial heme metabolism and angiogenesis. Heme synthesis inhibition changes mitochondrial morphology in endothelial cells Loss of heme causes buildup of mitochondrial ROS and depolarized membrane potential Endothelial cells have damaged oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis on heme loss Damage is due to loss of heme-containing Complex IV, restored by exogenous heme
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti Shetty
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kamakshi Sishtla
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bomina Park
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matthew J Repass
- Angio BioCore, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Timothy W Corson
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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9
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Petrovic MT, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Giga V, Boskovic N, Vukcevic V, Cvetic V, Mladenovic A, Radmili O, Markovic Z, Dobric M, Aleksandric S, Tesic M, Juricic S, Nedeljkovic Beleslin B, Stojkovic S, Ostojic MC, Beleslin B, Picano E. The Coronary ARteriogenesis with combined Heparin and EXercise therapy in chronic refractory Angina (CARHEXA) trial: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled stress echocardiographic study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 28:1452-1459. [PMID: 33611455 DOI: 10.1177/2047487320915661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary collateral circulation exerts protective effects on myocardial ischaemia due to coronary artery disease and can be promoted by exercise with heparin co-administration. Whether this arteriogenetic effect is accompanied by functional improvement of left ventricle during stress and lessening of angina symptoms remains unknown. AIMS To evaluate the anti-ischaemic efficacy of heparin plus exercise in coronary artery disease. METHODS In a prospective, single-centre, randomized, double-blind study we recruited 32 'no-option' patients (27 males; mean age 61 ± 8 years) with stable angina, exercise-induced ischaemia and coronary artery disease not suitable for revascularization. All underwent a two-week cycle of exercise (two exercise sessions per day, five days per week) and were randomized (n = 16 per group) to intravenous placebo (0.9% saline) versus unfractionated heparin (5.000 IU intravenously), 10 min prior to exercise. We assessed Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina class, stress electrocardiogram and echo parameters (wall motion score index) and computed tomography angiography for collaterals. RESULTS After two-week cycle, Canadian Cardiovascular Society class statistically decreased in both groups (heparin plus exercise group: 2.6 ± 0.7 to 1.9 ± 0.7, p < 0.001, exercise group: 2.4 ± 0.7 to 2.1 ± 0.9, p = 0.046). Only the heparin plus exercise group improved time-to-ST segment depression (before 270, 228-327 s vs. after 339, 280-360 s, p = 0.012) and wall motion score index (before 1.38 ± 0.25 vs. after 1.28 ± 0.18, p = 0.005). By multi-slice computed tomography angiography, collaterals improved in 12/15 (80%) in the heparin plus exercise group versus 2/16 (12.5%) in the exercise group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION A two-week, 10-test cycle of heparin plus exercise is better than exercise in improving angina class, myocardial ischaemia and collaterals by computed tomography angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija T Petrovic
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic-Dikic
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vojislav Giga
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Boskovic
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan Vukcevic
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Cvetic
- Radiology Department, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Mladenovic
- Radiology Department, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Oliver Radmili
- Radiology Department, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zeljko Markovic
- Radiology Department, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Dobric
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Aleksandric
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Tesic
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Juricic
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Nedeljkovic Beleslin
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sinisa Stojkovic
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Branko Beleslin
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eugenio Picano
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR - Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche, Italy
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Santiago AR, Madeira MH, Boia R, Aires ID, Rodrigues-Neves AC, Santos PF, Ambrósio AF. Keep an eye on adenosine: Its role in retinal inflammation. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107513. [PMID: 32109489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside ubiquitously distributed throughout the body that interacts with G protein-coupled receptors, classified in four subtypes: A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R. Among the plethora of functions of adenosine, it has been increasingly recognized as a key mediator of the immune response. Neuroinflammation is a feature of chronic neurodegenerative diseases and contributes to the pathophysiology of several retinal degenerative diseases. Animal models of retinal diseases are helping to elucidate the regulatory roles of adenosine receptors in the development and progression of those diseases. Mounting evidence demonstrates that the adenosinergic system is altered in the retina during pathological conditions, compromising retinal physiology. This review focuses on the roles played by adenosine and the elements of the adenosinergic system (receptors, enzymes, transporters) in the neuroinflammatory processes occurring in the retina. An improved understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the signalling pathways mediated by adenosine underlying the onset and progression of retinal diseases will pave the way towards the identification of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Santiago
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria H Madeira
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Boia
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Dinis Aires
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Rodrigues-Neves
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Fernando Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Kwon JH, Lee J, Kim J, Jo YH, Kirchner VA, Kim N, Kwak BJ, Hwang S, Song GW, Lee SG, Yoon YI, Park GC, Tak E. HIF-1α regulates A2B adenosine receptor expression in liver cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4231-4240. [PMID: 31772626 PMCID: PMC6862085 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer exhibits the fourth most common cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Due to the rapid growth, solid tumors undergo severe hypoxia and produce high levels of extracellular adenosine to maintain homeostasis. A previous study indicated that the hypoxic condition in liver cancer increased hepatic adenosine, which is known to facilitate cancer survival and proliferation. Extracellular adenosine has been revealed to regulate pathological and physiological processes in cells and tissues. However, its pathophysiological role in liver cancer remains undetermined. Emerging evidence has indicated that the adenosine A2B receptor promotes the progression of liver cancer. Therefore, it was hypothesized that HIF-1α is a transcriptional regulator of A2B in human liver cancer. The current study determined A2B expression of a number of liver cancer cell lines and performed functional studies of HIF-1α as a master transcriptional regulator of hepatic A2B signaling during hypoxic conditions. The current study aimed to identify the promoter region of A2B, which has a hypoxia response element, by performing luciferase assays. The present study demonstrated that reduced HIF-1α expression is associated with low expression of A2B, and HIF-1α overexpression is associated with A2B induction. Furthermore, the siRNA-mediated downregulation of A2B inhibited the growth and proliferation of HepG2, which is a liver cancer cell line. The relationship between HIF-1α and A2B expression was also identified in human liver cancer specimens. In conclusion, the current study indicated that A2B is induced by the HIF-1α transcriptional regulator during hypoxia, and it may be a potential pharmacologic and therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Kwon
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiye Kim
- Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwa Jo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Varvara A Kirchner
- Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery and Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Jun Kwak
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreas Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hwang
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Won Song
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gyu Lee
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-In Yoon
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Chun Park
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Tak
- Asan-Minnesota Institute for Innovating Transplantation, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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12
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Bonyanian Z, Walker M, Du Toit E, Rose'Meyer RB. Multiple adenosine receptor subtypes stimulate wound healing in human EA.hy926 endothelial cells. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:357-366. [PMID: 31254200 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is an important outcome of tissue damage and can be stimulated by adenosine released from cells during events such as tissue injury, ischaemia or tumour growth. The aim of this research was to determine the potency and efficacy of adenosine A1, A2A and A2B receptor agonists on the rate of wound healing and cell proliferation in human EA.hy926 endothelial cells. Real-time PCR data showed that only adenosine A1, A2A and A2B receptor mRNA were expressed in this cell line. All three adenosine receptor agonists, CPA, CGS21680 and NECA, significantly increased the rate of wound healing in human EAhy926 endothelial cells with the following order of potency CGS21680>CPA>NECA and efficacy CPA>NECA>CGS21680. The selective adenosine A1, A2A and A2B receptor antagonists, DPCPX, ZM241385 and MRS1754 (all at 10 nM), reversed the effects of their respective agonists. EAhy926 endothelial cell proliferation was also significantly increased with the adenosine A1 and A2B receptor agonists, CPA and NECA. Western blot analysis demonstrated that adenosine A2A and A1 receptor protein levels were highly expressed compared with the adenosine A2B receptors in the EAhy926 endothelial cell lines. While all three adenosine A1, A2A and A2B receptor subtypes contribute to cell proliferation and wound healing in human EAhy926 endothelial cells, treatments selectively targeting receptor subtypes may further enhance wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Bonyanian
- School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus Southport, Queensland, 4122, Australia
| | - Matthew Walker
- School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus Southport, Queensland, 4122, Australia
| | - Eugene Du Toit
- School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus Southport, Queensland, 4122, Australia
| | - Roselyn B Rose'Meyer
- School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus Southport, Queensland, 4122, Australia.
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13
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Vigano S, Alatzoglou D, Irving M, Ménétrier-Caux C, Caux C, Romero P, Coukos G. Targeting Adenosine in Cancer Immunotherapy to Enhance T-Cell Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:925. [PMID: 31244820 PMCID: PMC6562565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a critical role in cancer control, but a range of potent immunosuppressive mechanisms can be upregulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to abrogate their activity. While various immunotherapies (IMTs) aiming at re-invigorating the T-cell-mediated anti-tumor response, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and the adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of natural or gene-engineered ex vivo expanded tumor-specific T cells, have led to unprecedented clinical responses, only a small proportion of cancer patients benefit from these treatments. Important research efforts are thus underway to identify biomarkers of response, as well as to develop personalized combinatorial approaches that can target other inhibitory mechanisms at play in the TME. In recent years, adenosinergic signaling has emerged as a powerful immuno-metabolic checkpoint in tumors. Like several other barriers in the TME, such as the PD-1/PDL-1 axis, CTLA-4, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), adenosine plays important physiologic roles, but has been co-opted by tumors to promote their growth and impair immunity. Several agents counteracting the adenosine axis have been developed, and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated important anti-tumor activity, alone and in combination with other IMTs including ICB and ACT. Here we review the regulation of adenosine levels and mechanisms by which it promotes tumor growth and broadly suppresses protective immunity, with extra focus on the attenuation of T cell function. Finally, we present an overview of promising pre-clinical and clinical approaches being explored for blocking the adenosine axis for enhanced control of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Vigano
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Alatzoglou
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Ménétrier-Caux
- Department of Immunology Virology and Inflammation, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Caux
- Department of Immunology Virology and Inflammation, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Khayami R, Toroghian Y, Bahreyni A, Bahrami A, Khazaei M, Ferns GA, Ebrahimi S, Soleimani A, Fiuji H, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Role of adenosine signaling in the pathogenesis of head and neck cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7905-7912. [PMID: 30011093 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of adenosine may increase under ischemic conditions in the tumor microenvironment, and then it enters the systemic circulation. Adenosine controls cancer progression and responses to therapy by regulating angiogenesis, cell survival, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and metastases in tumors. Hence, adenosine metabolism, adenosine-generating enzymes, and adenosine signaling are potentially novel therapeutic targets in a wide range of pathological conditions, including cerebral and cardiac ischemic diseases, inflammatory disorders, immunomodulatory disorders, and, of special interest in this review, cancer. This review summarizes the role of adenosine in the pathogenesis of head and neck cancer for a better understanding of how this may be applied to treating this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khayami
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Younes Toroghian
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjnad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Anvar Soleimani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Department of Biochemistry, Payame-Noor University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjnad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Yan S, Zhou Y, Yang Q, Pan Y, Zeng X, An X, Liu Z, Wang L, Xu J, Cao Y, Fulton DJ, Weintraub NL, Bagi Z, Hoda MN, Wang X, Li Q, Hong M, Jiang X, Boison D, Weber C, Wu C, Huo Y. Intracellular adenosine regulates epigenetic programming in endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1263-1278. [PMID: 28751580 PMCID: PMC5582416 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleoside adenosine is a potent regulator of vascular homeostasis, but it remains unclear how expression or function of the adenosine‐metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) and the intracellular adenosine levels influence angiogenesis. We show here that hypoxia lowered the expression of ADK and increased the levels of intracellular adenosine in human endothelial cells. Knockdown (KD) of ADK elevated intracellular adenosine, promoted proliferation, migration, and angiogenic sprouting in human endothelial cells. Additionally, mice deficient in endothelial ADK displayed increased angiogenesis as evidenced by the rapid development of the retinal and hindbrain vasculature, increased healing of skin wounds, and prompt recovery of arterial blood flow in the ischemic hindlimb. Mechanistically, hypomethylation of the promoters of a series of pro‐angiogenic genes, especially for VEGFR2 in ADK KD cells, was demonstrated by the Infinium methylation assay. Methylation‐specific PCR, bisulfite sequencing, and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation further confirmed hypomethylation in the promoter region of VEGFR2 in ADK‐deficient endothelial cells. Accordingly, loss or inactivation of ADK increased VEGFR2 expression and signaling in endothelial cells. Based on these findings, we propose that ADK downregulation‐induced elevation of intracellular adenosine levels in endothelial cells in the setting of hypoxia is one of the crucial intrinsic mechanisms that promote angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Yan
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Zhou
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuhua Yang
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xianqiu Zeng
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lina Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiean Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yapeng Cao
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - David J Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Md Nasrul Hoda
- Departments of Medical Laboratory, Imaging & Radiologic Sciences, and Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Qinkai Li
- Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mei Hong
- Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Detlev Boison
- Robert S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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16
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Joyal JS, Gantner ML, Smith LEH. Retinal energy demands control vascular supply of the retina in development and disease: The role of neuronal lipid and glucose metabolism. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 64:131-156. [PMID: 29175509 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Ophthalmology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Qc, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
| | - Marin L Gantner
- The Lowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA 02115, United States.
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17
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Bahreyni A, Samani SS, Ghorbani E, Rahmani F, Khayami R, Toroghian Y, Behnam-Rassouli R, Khazaei M, Ryzhikov M, Parizadeh MR, Hasanzadeh M, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Adenosine: An endogenous mediator in the pathogenesis of gynecological cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2715-2722. [PMID: 28617999 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular concentration of adenosine increases in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Adenosine signaling regulates apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune suppression in cancer cells. Adenosine-induced cell responses depend upon different subtypes of adenosine receptors activation and type of cancer. Suppression of adenosine signaling via inhibition of adenosine receptors or adenosine generating enzymes including CD39 and CD73 on ovarian or cervical cancer cells is a potentially novel therapeutic approach for gynecological cancer patients. This review summarizes the role of adenosine in the pathogenesis of gynecological cancer for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunogenetic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Seyed S Samani
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Department of Microbiology, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Khayami
- Faculty of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Younes Toroghian
- Faculty of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Khazaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Mohammad R Parizadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed M Hassanian
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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A Critical Analysis of the Available In Vitro and Ex Vivo Methods to Study Retinal Angiogenesis. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:3034953. [PMID: 28848677 PMCID: PMC5564124 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3034953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a biological process with a central role in retinal diseases. The choice of the ideal method to study angiogenesis, particularly in the retina, remains a problem. Angiogenesis can be assessed through in vitro and in vivo studies. In spite of inherent limitations, in vitro studies are faster, easier to perform and quantify, and typically less expensive and allow the study of isolated angiogenesis steps. We performed a systematic review of PubMed searching for original articles that applied in vitro or ex vivo angiogenic retinal assays until May 2017, presenting the available assays and discussing their applicability, advantages, and disadvantages. Most of the studies evaluated migration, proliferation, and tube formation of endothelial cells in response to inhibitory or stimulatory compounds. Other aspects of angiogenesis were studied by assessing cell permeability, adhesion, or apoptosis, as well as by implementing organotypic models of the retina. Emphasis is placed on how the methods are applied and how they can contribute to retinal angiogenesis comprehension. We also discuss how to choose the best cell culture to implement these methods. When applied together, in vitro and ex vivo studies constitute a powerful tool to improve retinal angiogenesis knowledge. This review provides support for researchers to better select the most suitable protocols in this field.
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19
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Salsoso R, Farías M, Gutiérrez J, Pardo F, Chiarello DI, Toledo F, Leiva A, Mate A, Vázquez CM, Sobrevia L. Adenosine and preeclampsia. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:126-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Hasan D, Blankman P, Nieman GF. Purinergic signalling links mechanical breath profile and alveolar mechanics with the pro-inflammatory innate immune response causing ventilation-induced lung injury. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:363-386. [PMID: 28547381 PMCID: PMC5563293 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe pulmonary infection or vigorous cyclic deformation of the alveolar epithelial type I (AT I) cells by mechanical ventilation leads to massive extracellular ATP release. High levels of extracellular ATP saturate the ATP hydrolysis enzymes CD39 and CD73 resulting in persistent high ATP levels despite the conversion to adenosine. Above a certain level, extracellular ATP molecules act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and activate the pro-inflammatory response of the innate immunity through purinergic receptors on the surface of the immune cells. This results in lung tissue inflammation, capillary leakage, interstitial and alveolar oedema and lung injury reducing the production of surfactant by the damaged AT II cells and deactivating the surfactant function by the concomitant extravasated serum proteins through capillary leakage followed by a substantial increase in alveolar surface tension and alveolar collapse. The resulting inhomogeneous ventilation of the lungs is an important mechanism in the development of ventilation-induced lung injury. The high levels of extracellular ATP and the upregulation of ecto-enzymes and soluble enzymes that hydrolyse ATP to adenosine (CD39 and CD73) increase the extracellular adenosine levels that inhibit the innate and adaptive immune responses rendering the host susceptible to infection by invading microorganisms. Moreover, high levels of extracellular adenosine increase the expression, the production and the activation of pro-fibrotic proteins (such as TGF-β, α-SMA, etc.) followed by the establishment of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djo Hasan
- Department of Adult ICU, University Hospital Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 's-Gravendijkwal 230 3015 CE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Paul Blankman
- Department of Adult ICU, University Hospital Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 's-Gravendijkwal 230 3015 CE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gary F Nieman
- Department of Surgery, Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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21
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Kazemi MH, Raoofi Mohseni S, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Anvari E, Ghalamfarsa G, Mohammadi H, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Adenosine and adenosine receptors in the immunopathogenesis and treatment of cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2032-2057. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Kazemi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS); Tehran Iran
- Immunology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Sahar Raoofi Mohseni
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK); Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine; Bushehr University of Medical Sciences; Bushehr Iran
| | - Enayat Anvari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology; Ilam University of Medical Sciences; Ilam Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Medicinal Plants Research Center; Yasuj University of Medical Sciences; Yasuj Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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22
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Increased efficacy of a dendritic cell–based therapeutic cancer vaccine with adenosine receptor antagonist and CD73 inhibitor. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695021. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are important in initiating immune responses; therefore, a range of dendritic cell–based approaches have been established to induce immune response against cancer cells. However, the presence of immunosuppressive mediators such as adenosine in the tumor microenvironment reduces the efficacy of dendritic cell–based cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated whether blockade of the A2A adenosine receptor with a selective antagonist and a CD73 inhibitor may increase the efficacy of a dendritic cell–based cancer vaccine. According to the findings, this therapeutic combination reduced tumor growth, prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice, and enhanced specific antitumor immune responses. Thus, we suggest that targeting cancer-derived adenosine improves the outcomes of dendritic cell–based cancer immunotherapy.
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23
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Chen JF, Zhang S, Zhou R, Lin Z, Cai X, Lin J, Huo Y, Liu X. Adenosine receptors and caffeine in retinopathy of prematurity. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:118-125. [PMID: 28088487 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of childhood blindness in the world and is caused by oxygen-induced damage to the developing retinal vasculature, resulting in hyperoxia-induced vaso-obliteration and subsequent delayed retinal vascularization and hypoxia-induced pathological neovascularization driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway in retina. Current anti-VEGF therapy has shown some effective in a clinical trial, but is associated with the unintended effects on delayed eye growth and retinal vasculature development of preterm infants. Notably, cellular responses to hypoxia are characterized by robust increases in extracellular adenosine production and the markedly induced adenosine receptors, which provide a novel target for preferential control of pathological angiogenesis without affecting normal vascular development. Here, we review the experimental evidence in support of adenosine receptor-based therapeutic strategy for ROP, including the aberrant adenosine signaling in oxygen-induced retinopathy and the role of three adenosine receptor subtypes (A1R, A2AR, A2BR) in development and treatment of ROP using oxygen-induced retinopathy models. The clinical and initial animal evidence that implicate the therapeutic effect of caffeine (a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist) in treatment of ROP are highlighted. Lastly, we discussed the translational potential as well therapeutic advantage of adenosine receptor- and caffeine-based therapy for ROR and possibly other proliferative retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health of China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health of China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health of China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Cai
- Department of Neonatology, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health of China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Nathan JR, Lakshmanan G, Michael FM, Seppan P, Ragunathan M. Expression of adenosine receptors and vegf during angiogenesis and its inhibition by pentoxifylline—A study using zebrafish model. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1406-1418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Acurio J, Herlitz K, Troncoso F, Aguayo C, Bertoglia P, Escudero C. Adenosine A 2A receptor regulates expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in feto-placental endothelium from normal and late-onset pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Purinergic Signal 2016; 13:51-60. [PMID: 27696086 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to investigate whether A2A/nitric oxide-mediated regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is impaired in feto-placental endothelial cells from late-onset pre-eclampsia. Cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human placental microvascular endothelial cells (hPMECs) from normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies were used. Assays by using small interference RNA (siRNA) for A2A were performed, and transfected cells were used for estimation of messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of VEGF, as well as for cell proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro. CGS-21680 (A2A agonist, 24 h) increases HUVEC and hPMEC proliferation in a dose response manner. Furthermore, similar to CGS-21680, the nitric oxide donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine oxide (SNAP), increased cell proliferation in a dose response manner (logEC50 10-9.2 M). In hPMEC, CGS-21680 increased VEGF protein levels in both normal (∼1.5-fold) and pre-eclamptic pregnancies (∼1.2-fold), an effect blocked by the A2A antagonist, ZM-241385 (10-5 M) and the inhibitor of NO synthase, N ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). Subsequently, SNAP partially recovered cell proliferation and in vitro angiogenesis capacity of cells from normal pregnancies exposed to siRNA for A2A. CGS-21680 also increased (∼1.5-fold) the level of VEGF mRNA in HUVEC from normal pregnancies, but not in pre-eclampsia. Additionally, transfection with siRNA for A2A decrease (∼30 %) the level of mRNA for VEGF in normal pregnancy compared to untransfected cells, an effect partially reversed by co-incubation with SNAP. The A2A-NO-VEGF pathway is present in endothelium from microcirculation and macrocirculation in both normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. However, NO signaling pathway seems to be impaired in HUVEC from pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesenia Acurio
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (GIANT), Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Kurt Herlitz
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (GIANT), Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Felipe Troncoso
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (GIANT), Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Claudio Aguayo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillan, Chile
| | - Patricio Bertoglia
- Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Hospital Clinico Herminda Martin, Chillán, Chile, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (GIANT), Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile.
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillan, Chile.
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Chhokar V, Tucker AL. Angiogenesis: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/108925320300700304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of an adequate vascular supply is critical for the viability of normal and neoplastic tissues. Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from preexisting capillary networks, plays an important role in a number of physiologic and pathologic processes, including reproduction, wound repair, inflammatory diseases, and tumor growth. Angiogenesis involves sequential steps that are triggered in response to angiogenic growth factors released by inflammatory, mesenchymal, or tumor cells that act as ligands for endothelial cell receptor tyrosine kinases. Stimulated endothelial cells detach from neighboring cells and migrate, proliferate, and form tubes. The immature tubes are subsequently invested and stabilized by pericytes or smooth muscle cells. Angiogenesis depends upon complex interactions among various classes of molecules, including adhesion molecules, proteases, structural proteins, cell surface receptors, and growth factors. The therapeutic manipulation of angiogenesis targeted against ischemic and neoplastic diseases has been investigated in preclinical animal models and in clinical trials. Proangiogenic trials that have stimulated vessel growth in ischemic coronary or peripheral tissues through expression, delivery, or stimulated release of growth factors have shown efficacy in animal models and mixed results in human clinical trials. Antiangiogenic trials have used strategies to block the function of molecules critical for new vessel growth or maturation in the treatment of a variety of malignancies, mostly with results less encouraging than those seen in preclinical models. Pro-and antiangiogenic clinical trials demonstrate that strategies for optimal drug delivery, dosing schedules, patient selection, and endpoint measurements need further investigation and refinement before the therapeutic manipulation of angiogenesis will realize its full clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Chhokar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Salem VA Health System, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Amy L. Tucker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division; Cardiovascular Research Center; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Sc Y, Muralidhara. Beneficial Role of Coffee and Caffeine in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Minireview. AIMS Public Health 2016; 3:407-422. [PMID: 29546172 PMCID: PMC5690364 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2016.2.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is among the most widespread and healthiest beverages in the world. Coffee typically contains more caffeine than most other beverages, and is widely and frequently consumed. Thus, it contributes significantly to the overall caffeine consumption within the general population, particularly in adults. Controversies regarding its benefits and risks still exist as reliable evidence is becoming available supporting its health-promoting potential. Several lines of evidence have highlighted the beneficial effects towards several disease conditions including Type II diabetes, hepatitis C virus, hepatocellular carcinoma, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). The health-promoting properties of coffee are largely attributed to its rich phytochemistry, including caffeine, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and hydroxy hydroquinone. In this minireview, an attempt has been made to discuss the various evidences which are mainly derived from animal and cell models. Various mechanisms chiefly responsible for the beneficial effects of caffeine have also been briefly outlined. A short note on the undesirable effects of excessive coffee intakes is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenisetti Sc
- Drosophila Neurobiology laboratory, Department of Zoology, Nagaland University (Central), Lumami, 798627, Nagaland, India
| | - Muralidhara
- Drosophila Neurobiology laboratory, Department of Zoology, Nagaland University (Central), Lumami, 798627, Nagaland, India.,Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition, CSIR-CFTRI , Mysore, 570020
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Zhang S, Li H, Li B, Zhong D, Gu X, Tang L, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhou R, Li Y, He Y, Chen M, Huo Y, Liu XL, Chen JF. Adenosine A1 Receptors Selectively Modulate Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy at the Hyperoxic and Hypoxic Phases by Distinct Cellular Mechanisms. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:8108-19. [PMID: 26720463 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We critically evaluated the role of the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) in normal development of retinal vasculature and pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by using the A1R knockout (KO) mice and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. METHODS Mice deficient in A1Rs and their wild-type (WT) littermates were examined during normal postnatal development or after being subjected to 75% oxygen from postnatal day (P) 7 to P12 and to room air from P12 to P17 (OIR model of ROP). Retinal vascularization was examined by whole-mount fluorescence and cross-sectional hematoxylin-eosin staining. Cellular proliferation, astrocyte and microglial activation, and tip cell function were determined by isolectin staining and immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay. RESULTS Genetic deletion of the A1R did not affect normal retinal vascularization during postnatal development with indistinguishable three-layer vascularization patterns in retina between WT and A1R KO mice. In the OIR model, genetic deletion of the A1R resulted in stage-specific effects: reduced hyperoxia-induced retinal vaso-obliteration at P12, but reduced avascular area and attenuated hypoxia-induced intraretinal revascularization without affecting intravitreal neovascularization at P17 and reduced avascular areas in retina at P21. These distinct effects of A1Rs on OIR were associated with A1R control of apoptosis mainly in inner and outer nuclear layers at the vaso-obliterative phase (P12) and the growth of endothelium tip cells at the vasoproliferative phase (P17), without modification of cellular proliferation, astrocytic activation, and tissue inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Adenosine A1 receptor activity is not required for normal postnatal development of retinal vasculature but selectively controls hyperoxia-induced vaso-obliteration and hypoxia-driven revascularization by distinct cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dingjuan Zhong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mozi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States 4Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate S
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 5Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Vindeirinho J, Santiago AR, Cavadas C, Ambrósio AF, Santos PF. The Adenosinergic System in Diabetic Retinopathy. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:4270301. [PMID: 27034960 PMCID: PMC4789509 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4270301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative and inflammatory environment that is prevalent in the diabetic eye is a key player in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. The adenosinergic system is widely regarded as a significant modulator of neurotransmission and the inflammatory response, through the actions of the four types of adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R), and thus could be revealed as a potential player in the events unfolding in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. Herein, we review the studies that explore the impact of diabetic conditions on the retinal adenosinergic system, as well as the role of the said system in ameliorating or exacerbating those conditions. The experimental results described suggest that this system is heavily affected by diabetic conditions and that the modulation of its components could reveal potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, particularly in the early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Vindeirinho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- *J. Vindeirinho:
| | - A. R. Santiago
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C. Cavadas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. F. Ambrósio
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P. F. Santos
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Abstract
There are nineteen different receptor proteins for adenosine, adenine and uridine nucleotides, and nucleotide sugars, belonging to three families of G protein-coupled adenosine and P2Y receptors, and ionotropic P2X receptors. The majority are functionally expressed in blood vessels, as purinergic receptors in perivascular nerves, smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and roles in regulation of vascular contractility, immune function and growth have been identified. The endogenous ligands for purine receptors, ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP and adenosine, can be released from different cell types within the vasculature, as well as from circulating blood cells, including erythrocytes and platelets. Many purine receptors can be activated by two or more of the endogenous ligands. Further complexity arises because of interconversion between ligands, notably adenosine formation from the metabolism of ATP, leading to complex integrated responses through activation of different subtypes of purine receptors. The enzymes responsible for this conversion, ectonucleotidases, are present on the surface of smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and may be coreleased with neurotransmitters from nerves. What selectivity there is for the actions of purines/pyrimidines comes from differential expression of their receptors within the vasculature. P2X1 receptors mediate the vasocontractile actions of ATP released as a neurotransmitter with noradrenaline (NA) from sympathetic perivascular nerves, and are located on the vascular smooth muscle adjacent to the nerve varicosities, the sites of neurotransmitter release. The relative contribution of ATP and NA as functional cotransmitters varies with species, type and size of blood vessel, neuronal firing pattern, the tone/pressure of the blood vessel, and in ageing and disease. ATP is also a neurotransmitter in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic perivascular nerves and mediates vasorelaxation via smooth muscle P2Y-like receptors. ATP and adenosine can act as neuromodulators, with the most robust evidence being for prejunctional inhibition of neurotransmission via A1 adenosine receptors, but also prejunctional excitation and inhibition of neurotransmission via P2X and P2Y receptors, respectively. P2Y2, P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptors expressed on the vascular smooth muscle are coupled to vasocontraction, and may have a role in pathophysiological conditions, when purines are released from damaged cells, or when there is damage to the protective barrier that is the endothelium. Adenosine is released during hypoxia to increase blood flow via vasodilator A2A and A2B receptors expressed on the endothelium and smooth muscle. ATP is released from endothelial cells during hypoxia and shear stress and can act at P2Y and P2X4 receptors expressed on the endothelium to increase local blood flow. Activation of endothelial purine receptors leads to the release of nitric oxide, hyperpolarising factors and prostacyclin, which inhibits platelet aggregation and thus ensures patent blood flow. Vascular purine receptors also regulate endothelial and smooth muscle growth, and inflammation, and thus are involved in the underlying processes of a number of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ralevic
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
| | - William R Dunn
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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Hajiahmadi S, Panjehpour M, Aghaei M, Shabani M. Activation of A2b adenosine receptor regulates ovarian cancer cell growth: involvement of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:321-9. [PMID: 25877700 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A2b adenosine receptor (A2bAR) acts as a potent regulator of cell growth in various cell lines. The present study was designed to understand the controlling mechanism of A2bAR agonist (NECA)-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Real-time PCR and western blotting assays were used to evaluate the gene and protein expression profiles of A2bAR, respectively. MTT assay was used to study the cell proliferation effect of A2bAR agonist (NECA). Detection of apoptosis was conducted using annexin V-FITC/PI staining, caspase-3 activation assay, and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins analysis. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) was analyzed by employing JC-1 prob. The mRNA and protein expression levels of A2bAR in ovarian cancer cells were detected. NECA significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in OVCAR-3 and Caov-4 cell lines. The growth inhibition effect of NECA was related to the induction of cell apoptosis, which was manifested by annexin V-FITC staining, activation of caspase-3, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potentials (ΔΨm). In addition, downregulation of the regulatory protein Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax protein by NECA were also observed. These findings demonstrated that NECA induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial signaling pathway. Thus, A2bAR agonists may be a potential agent for induction of apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Hajiahmadi
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Panjehpour
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shabani
- b Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Activation of adenosine A2B receptor impairs properties of trophoblast cells and involves mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling. Placenta 2014; 35:763-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.06.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Escudero C, Roberts JM, Myatt L, Feoktistov I. Impaired adenosine-mediated angiogenesis in preeclampsia: potential implications for fetal programming. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:134. [PMID: 24926270 PMCID: PMC4046493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome, defined by such clinical hallmarks as the onset of maternal hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. The syndrome is also characterized by impaired blood flow through the utero-placental circulation and relative placental ischemia, which in turn, may generate feto-placental endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction in offspring born from preeclamptic pregnancies has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, later in life. Interestingly, diminished endothelial function, manifested by low angiogenic capacity, leads to hypertension in animal studies. Recently, we have shown that the adenosine receptor A2A/nitric oxide/vascular endothelial growth factor axis is reduced in human umbilical vein endothelial cells derived from preeclamptic pregnancies, an effect correlated with gestational age at onset of preeclampsia. We and others suggested that impaired vascular function might be associated with high cardiovascular risk in offspring exposed to pregnancy diseases. However, we are not aware of any studies that examine impaired adenosine-mediated angiogenesis as a possible link to hypertension in offspring born from preeclamptic pregnancies. In this review, we present evidence supporting the hypothesis that reduced adenosine-mediated angiogenesis during preeclamptic pregnancies might be associated with development of hypertension in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Escudero
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío Chillán, Chile
| | - James M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Igor Feoktistov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA
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Acurio J, Troncoso F, Bertoglia P, Salomon C, Aguayo C, Sobrevia L, Escudero C. Potential role of A2B adenosine receptors on proliferation/migration of fetal endothelium derived from preeclamptic pregnancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:274507. [PMID: 24877077 PMCID: PMC4024414 DOI: 10.1155/2014/274507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the functionality of A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) and the nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway in the endothelial cell proliferation/migration during preeclampsia, we used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) isolated from normal pregnancies (n = 15) or pregnancies with preeclampsia (n = 15). Experiments were performed in presence or absence of the nonselective adenosine receptor agonist NECA, the A2BAR selective antagonist MRS-1754, and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME. Results indicated that cells from preeclampsia exhibited a significant higher protein level of A2BAR and logEC50 for NECA-mediated proliferation than normotensive pregnancies. The stimulatory effect of NECA (10 μM, 24 h) on cell proliferation was prevented by MRS-1754 (5 nM) coincubation only in cells from normotensive pregnancies. Nevertheless, L-NAME (100 μM, 24 h) reduced the NECA-induced cell proliferation/migration in HUVEC from normal pregnancy; however in preeclampsia only NECA-induced cell proliferation was reduced by L-NAME. Moreover, NECA increased protein nitration and abundance of VEGF in cells from normal pregnancy and effect prevented by MRS-1754 coincubation. Nevertheless, in preeclampsia NECA did not affect the protein level of VEGF. In conclusion HUVECs from preeclampsia exhibit elevated protein level of A2BAR and impairment of A2BAR-mediated NO/VEGF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesenia Acurio
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (GIANT), Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Felipe Troncoso
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (GIANT), Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Patricio Bertoglia
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (GIANT), Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Herminda Martin Clinical Hospital, Chillan, Chile
| | - Carlos Salomon
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Claudio Aguayo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (GIANT), Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
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Ahsan MK, Mehal WZ. Activation of adenosine receptor A2A increases HSC proliferation and inhibits death and senescence by down-regulation of p53 and Rb. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:69. [PMID: 24782773 PMCID: PMC3989592 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: During fibrosis hepatic stellate cells (HSC) undergo activation, proliferation, and senescence but the regulation of these important processes is poorly understood. The adenosine A2A receptor (A2A) is known to be present on HSC, and its activation results in liver fibrosis. In this study, we tested if A2A has a role in the regulation of HSC proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, and the relevant molecular mechanism. Methods: The ability of adenosine to regulate p53 and Rb protein levels, proliferation, apoptosis and senescence was tested in the human HSC cell line LX-2 and rat primary HSC. Results: Adenosine receptor activation down-regulates p53 and Rb protein levels, increases BrdU incorporation and increases cell survival in LX-2 cells and in primary rat HSC. These effects of NECA were reproduced by an adenosine A2A receptor specific agonist (CGS21680) and blocked by a specific antagonist (ZM241385). By day twenty-one of culture primary rat HSC entered senescence and expressed β-gal which was significantly inhibited by NECA. Furthermore, NECA induced down regulation of p53 and Rb and Rac1, and decreased phosphorylation of p44-42 MAP Kinase in LX-2 cells and primary rat HSC. These effects were reproduced by the cAMP analog 8-Bromo-cAMP, and the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin, and were blocked by PKA inhibitors. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that A2A receptor regulates a number of HSC fate decisions and induces greater HSC proliferation, reduces apoptosis and senescence by decreasing p53 and Rb through cAMP-PKA/Rac1/p38 MAPK pathway. This provides a mechanism for adenosine induced HSC regulation and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kaimul Ahsan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wajahat Z Mehal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA
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Cavallaro G, Filippi L, Bagnoli P, La Marca G, Cristofori G, Raffaeli G, Padrini L, Araimo G, Fumagalli M, Groppo M, Dal Monte M, Osnaghi S, Fiorini P, Mosca F. The pathophysiology of retinopathy of prematurity: an update of previous and recent knowledge. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92:2-20. [PMID: 23617889 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease that can cause blindness in very low birthweight infants. The incidence of ROP is closely correlated with the weight and the gestational age at birth. Despite current therapies, ROP continues to be a highly debilitating disease. Our advancing knowledge of the pathogenesis of ROP has encouraged investigations into new antivasculogenic therapies. The purpose of this article is to review the findings on the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the transition between the first and second phases of ROP and to investigate new potential therapies. Oxygen has been well characterized for the key role that it plays in retinal neoangiogenesis. Low or high levels of pO2 regulate the normal or abnormal production of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), which are the predominant regulators of retinal angiogenesis. Although low oxygen saturation appears to reduce the risk of severe ROP when carefully controlled within the first few weeks of life, the optimal level of saturation still remains uncertain. IGF-1 and Epo are fundamentally required during both phases of ROP, as alterations in their protein levels can modulate disease progression. Therefore, rhIGF-1 and rhEpo were tested for their abilities to prevent the loss of vasculature during the first phase of ROP, whereas anti-VEGF drugs were tested during the second phase. At present, previous hypotheses concerning ROP should be amended with new pathogenetic theories. Studies on the role of genetic components, nitric oxide, adenosine, apelin and β-adrenergic receptor have revealed new possibilities for the treatment of ROP. The genetic hypothesis that single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the β-ARs play an active role in the pathogenesis of ROP suggests the concept of disease prevention using β-blockers. In conclusion, all factors that can mediate the progression from the avascular to the proliferative phase might have significant implications for the further understanding and treatment of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Cavallaro
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico - Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyNICU, Medical and Surgical Feto-Neonatal Department, "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Biology, Unit of General Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyNeurometabolic Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurosciences, "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Ophthalmology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Sheth S, Brito R, Mukherjea D, Rybak LP, Ramkumar V. Adenosine receptors: expression, function and regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2024-52. [PMID: 24477263 PMCID: PMC3958836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) comprise a group of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) which mediate the physiological actions of adenosine. To date, four AR subtypes have been cloned and identified in different tissues. These receptors have distinct localization, signal transduction pathways and different means of regulation upon exposure to agonists. This review will describe the biochemical characteristics and signaling cascade associated with each receptor and provide insight into how these receptors are regulated in response to agonists. A key property of some of these receptors is their ability to serve as sensors of cellular oxidative stress, which is transmitted by transcription factors, such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, to regulate the expression of ARs. Recent observations of oligomerization of these receptors into homo- and heterodimers will be discussed. In addition, the importance of these receptors in the regulation of normal and pathological processes such as sleep, the development of cancers and in protection against hearing loss will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sheth
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA.
| | - Rafael Brito
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA.
| | - Debashree Mukherjea
- Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA.
| | - Leonard P Rybak
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA.
| | - Vickram Ramkumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA.
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Darashchonak N, Koepsell B, Bogdanova N, von Versen-Höynck F. Adenosine A2B receptors induce proliferation, invasion and activation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in trophoblast cells. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014; 14:2. [PMID: 24383849 PMCID: PMC3909477 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Placental hypoxia is a result of abnormal and shallow trophoblast invasion and involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Hypoxia increases extracellular adenosine levels and plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis, proliferation, vascular tone, endothelial permeability and inflammation. It was shown that adenosine concentrations are higher in preeclamptic patients. We tested the hypothesis that hypoxia and A2B adenosine receptor activation influence cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, proliferation, invasion and cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling in trophoblast cells (HTR-8/SVneo). Methods HTR-8/SVneo and human uterine microvascular endothelial cells (HUtMVEC) were used as model for experiments. We employed a cAMP assay, invasion assay, proliferation, RT-PCR and Western Blot. Statistical analyses were performed with ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis-, Wilcoxon signed rank- or Mann–Whitney Test, as appropriate. Results Hypoxia (2% O2) in comparison to normoxia (21% O2) led to increased A2B mRNA levels (1.21 ± 0.06 fold, 1 h 2% O2; 1.66 ± 0.2 fold, 4 h 2% O2 and 1.2 ± 0.04 fold, 24 h 2% O2). A2B adenosine receptor activation (NECA) stimulated trophoblast proliferation at 2% O2 (1.27 ± 0.06 fold) and 8% O2 (1.17 ± 0.07 fold) after 24 h and at 2% O2 (1.22 ± 0.05 fold), 8% O2 (1.23 ± 0.09 fold) and 21% O2 (1.15 ± 0.04 fold) after 48 h of incubation. Trophoblast invasion into an endothelial monolayer was significantly expanded by activation of the receptor (NECA) at 8% O2 (1.20 ± 0.07 fold) and 21% O2 (1.22 ± 0.006 fold). A2B adenosine receptor stimulation (NECA) additionally led to increased CREB phosphorylation in trophoblast cells at 2% O2 (2.13 ± 0.45 fold), 8% O2 (1.55 ± 0.13 fold) and 21% O2 (1.71 ± 0.34 fold). Blocking of CREB signaling resulted in reduced proliferation and CREB phosphorylation. Conclusion These data expand the recent knowledge regarding the role of adenosine receptor A2B in human placental development, and may provide insight in mechanisms associated with pregnancy complications linked to impaired trophoblast invasion such as preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frauke von Versen-Höynck
- Gynecology Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Burnstock G, Ralevic V. Purinergic signaling and blood vessels in health and disease. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:102-92. [PMID: 24335194 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling plays important roles in control of vascular tone and remodeling. There is dual control of vascular tone by ATP released as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline from perivascular sympathetic nerves to cause vasoconstriction via P2X1 receptors, whereas ATP released from endothelial cells in response to changes in blood flow (producing shear stress) or hypoxia acts on P2X and P2Y receptors on endothelial cells to produce nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, which dilates vessels. ATP is also released from sensory-motor nerves during antidromic reflex activity to produce relaxation of some blood vessels. In this review, we stress the differences in neural and endothelial factors in purinergic control of different blood vessels. The long-term (trophic) actions of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides in promoting migration and proliferation of both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells via P1 and P2Y receptors during angiogenesis and vessel remodeling during restenosis after angioplasty are described. The pathophysiology of blood vessels and therapeutic potential of purinergic agents in diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemia, thrombosis and stroke, diabetes, and migraine, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; and Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Ryzhov S, Biktasova A, Goldstein AE, Zhang Q, Biaggioni I, Dikov MM, Feoktistov I. Role of JunB in adenosine A2B receptor-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor production. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:62-73. [PMID: 24136993 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.088567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial adenosine stimulates neovascularization in part through A2B adenosine receptor-dependent upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that A2B receptors upregulate JunB, which can contribute to stimulation of VEGF production. Using the human microvascular endothelial cell line, human mast cell line, mouse cardiac Sca1-positive stromal cells, and mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells, we found that adenosine receptor-dependent upregulation of VEGF production was associated with an increase in VEGF transcription, activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity, and JunB accumulation in all cells investigated. Furthermore, the expression of JunB, but not the expression of other genes encoding transcription factors from the Jun family, was specifically upregulated. In LLC cells expressing A2A and A2B receptor transcripts, only the nonselective adenosine agonist NECA (5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine), but not the selective A2A receptor agonist CGS21680 [2-p-(2-carboxyethyl) phenylethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine], significantly increased JunB reporter activity and JunB nuclear accumulation, which were inhibited by the A2B receptor antagonist PSB603 [(8-[4-[4-((4-chlorophenzyl)piperazide-1-sulfonyl)phenyl]]-1-propylxanthine]. Using activators and inhibitors of intracellular signaling, we demonstrated that A2B receptor-dependent accumulation of JunB protein and VEGF secretion share common intracellular pathways. NECA enhanced JunB binding to the murine VEGF promoter, whereas mutation of the high-affinity AP-1 site (-1093 to -1086) resulted in a loss of NECA-dependent VEGF reporter activity. Finally, NECA-dependent VEGF secretion and reporter activity were inhibited by the expression of a dominant negative JunB or by JunB knockdown. Thus, our data suggest an important role of the A2B receptor-dependent upregulation of JunB in VEGF production and possibly other AP-1-regulated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Ryzhov
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.R., Q.Z., I.F.) and Clinical Pharmacology (A.E.G., I.B.), and Departments of Cancer Biology (A.B., M.M.D.), Medicine (S.R., A.E.G., Q.Z., I.B., I.F.), and Pharmacology (I.B., I.F.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Caruso M, Alamo A, Crisafulli E, Raciti C, Fisichella A, Polosa R. Adenosine signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets in respiratory disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:761-72. [PMID: 23642090 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.795220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adenosine receptors (ARs) and their differential pattern of expression modulate a series of pleiotropic activities that are known to contribute to the control of inflammation, remodeling, and tissue repair. Consequently, pharmacological manipulation of adenosine signaling pathway is of great interest and is currently exploited as a therapeutic target for a number of respiratory diseases with several molecules with agonist and antagonist activities against known ARs being developed for the treatment of different conditions of the respiratory system. AREAS COVERED Herein, we will review the rational basis leading to the development of novel therapies for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease (ILD), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and cystic fibrosis. Their most recent clinical development will be also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Advances in our understanding of the pathogenetic role of adenosine in respiratory diseases may be soon translated into effective treatment options. In consideration of the complex interplay driven by the different pattern of receptor distribution and/or affinity of the four known AR subtypes in specific cell types at different stages of the disease, it is likely that combination of selective antagonist/agonists for different AR subtypes will be required to obtain reasonable clinical efficacy. Alternatively, controlling the factors involved in driving adenosine concentrations in the tissue may be also of great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Caruso
- University of Catania-AOU Policlinico-V. Emanuele, Institute of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Bio-Medicine, Catania, Italy.
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Gessi S, Merighi S, Stefanelli A, Mirandola P, Bonfatti A, Fini S, Sensi A, Marci R, Varani K, Borea PA, Vesce F. Downregulation of A(1) and A(2B) adenosine receptors in human trisomy 21 mesenchymal cells from first-trimester chorionic villi. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1660-70. [PMID: 22867902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human reproduction is complex and prone to failure. Though causes of miscarriage remain unclear, adenosine, a proangiogenic nucleoside, may help determine pregnancy outcome. Although adenosine receptor (AR) expression has been characterized in euploid pregnancies, no information is available for aneuploidies, which, as prone to spontaneous abortion (SA), are a potential model for shedding light on the mechanism regulating this event. AR expression was investigated in 71 first-trimester chorionic villi (CV) samples and cultured mesenchymal cells (MC) from euploid and TR21 pregnancies, one of the most frequent autosomal aneuploidy, with a view to elucidating their potential role in the modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO). Compared to euploid cells, reduced A(1) and A(2B) expression was revealed in TR21 CV and MCs. The non-selective adenosine agonist 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) increased NO, by activating, predominantly, A(1)AR and A(2A)AR through a molecular pathway involving hypoxia-inducible-factor-1 (HIF-1α), and increased VEGF, mainly through A(2B). In conclusion the adenosine transduction cascade appears to be disturbed in TR21 through reduced expression of A(2B) and A(1)ARs. These anomalies may be implicated in complications such as fetal growth restriction, malformation and/or SA, well known features of aneuploid pregnancies. Therefore A(1) and A(2B)ARs could be potential biomarkers able to provide an early indication of SA risk and their stimulation may turn out to improve fetoplacental perfusion by increasing NO and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gessi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Unit and Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Abstract
The generation of blood vessels is a highly synchronized process requiring the coordinated efforts of several vascular and nonvascular cell populations as well as a stringent orchestration by the tissue being vascularized. Stereotyped angiogenesis is vital for both developmental growth and to restore tissue metabolic supply after ischemic events. Central neurons such as those found in the brain, spinal cord, and retina are vast consumers of oxygen and nutrients and therefore require high rates of perfusion by functional vascular networks to ensure proper sensory transmission. During a metabolic mismatch, such as that occurring during a cerebrovascular infarct or in ischemic retinopathies, there is increasing evidence that central neurons have an inherent ability to influence the vascular response to injury. With a focus on the retina and retinal ischemic disorders, this review explores the ever-growing evidence suggesting that central neurons have the propensity to impact tissue vascularization and reparative angiogenesis. Moreover, it addresses the paradoxical ability of severely ischemic neurons to hinder vascular regrowth and thus segregate the most severely injured zones of nervous tissue. The topics covered here are pertinent for future therapeutic strategies because promoting and steering vascular growth may be beneficial for ischemic disorders.
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Ryzhov S, Goldstein AE, Novitskiy SV, Blackburn MR, Biaggioni I, Feoktistov I. Role of A2B adenosine receptors in regulation of paracrine functions of stem cell antigen 1-positive cardiac stromal cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 341:764-74. [PMID: 22431204 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.190835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of multipotent cardiac stromal cells expressing stem cell antigen (Sca)-1 has been reported, and their proangiogenic properties have been demonstrated in myocardial infarction models. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that stimulation of adenosine receptors on cardiac Sca-1(+) cells up-regulates their secretion of proangiogenic factors. We found that Sca-1 is expressed in subsets of mouse cardiac stromal CD31(-) and endothelial CD31(+) cells. The population of Sca-1(+)CD31(+) endothelial cells was significantly reduced, whereas the population of Sca-1(+)CD31(-) stromal cells was increased 1 week after myocardial infarction, indicating their relative functional importance in this pathophysiological process. An increase in adenosine levels in adenosine deaminase-deficient mice in vivo significantly augmented vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in cardiac Sca-1(+)CD31(-) stromal cells but not in Sca-1(+)CD31(+) endothelial cells. We found that mouse cardiac Sca-1(+)CD31(-) stromal cells predominantly express mRNA encoding A(2B) adenosine receptors. Stimulation of adenosine receptors significantly increased interleukin (IL)-6, CXCL1 (a mouse ortholog of human IL-8), and VEGF release from these cells. Using conditionally immortalized Sca-1(+)CD31(-) stromal cells obtained from wild-type and A(2B) receptor knockout mouse hearts, we demonstrated that A(2B) receptors are essential for adenosine-dependent up-regulation of their paracrine functions. We found that the human heart also harbors a population of stromal cells similar to the mouse cardiac Sca-1(+)CD31(-) stromal cells that increase release of IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF in response to A(2B) receptor stimulation. Thus, our study identified A(2B) adenosine receptors on cardiac stromal cells as potential targets for up-regulation of proangiogenic factors in the ischemic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Ryzhov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Burnstock G, Knight GE, Greig AV. Purinergic Signaling in Healthy and Diseased Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:526-46. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Onan IS, Onan B, Korkmaz AA, Oklu L, Kilickan L, Gonca S, Dalcik H, Sanisoglu I. Effects of Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia on Flow and Endothelium of Internal Thoracic Artery in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2011; 25:1063-70. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cronstein BN. Adenosine receptors and fibrosis: a translational review. F1000 BIOLOGY REPORTS 2011; 3:21. [PMID: 22003368 PMCID: PMC3186039 DOI: 10.3410/b3-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine—a purine nucleoside generated extracellularly from adenine nucleotides released by cells as a result of direct stimulation, hypoxia, trauma, or metabolic stress—is a well-known physiologic and pharmacologic agent. Recent studies demonstrate that adenosine, acting at its receptors, promotes wound healing by stimulating both angiogenesis and matrix production. Subsequently, adenosine and its receptors have also been found to promote fibrosis (excess matrix production) in the skin, lungs, and liver, but to diminish cardiac fibrosis. A commonly ingested adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine, blocks the development of hepatic fibrosis, an effect that likely explains the epidemiologic finding that coffee drinking, in a dose-dependent fashion, reduces the likelihood of death from liver disease. Accordingly, adenosine may be a good target for therapies that prevent fibrosis of the lungs, liver, and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce N Cronstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, NYU School of Medicine 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
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Gessi S, Merighi S, Sacchetto V, Simioni C, Borea PA. Adenosine receptors and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:1400-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Feoktistov I, Biaggioni I. Role of adenosine A(2B) receptors in inflammation. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2011; 61:115-44. [PMID: 21586358 PMCID: PMC3748596 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385526-8.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in our understanding of the unique role of A(2B) receptors in the regulation of inflammation, immunity, and tissue repair was considerably facilitated with the introduction of new pharmacological and genetic tools. However, it also led to seemingly conflicting conclusions on the role of A(2B) adenosine receptors in inflammation with some publications indicating proinflammatory effects and others suggesting the opposite. This chapter reviews the functions of A(2B) receptors in various cell types related to inflammation and integrated effects of A(2B) receptor modulation in several animal models of inflammation. It is argued that translation of current findings into novel therapies would require a better understanding of A(2B) receptor functions in diverse types of inflammatory responses in various tissues and at different points of their progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Feoktistov
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Charles BA, Conley YP, Chen G, Miller RG, Dorman JS, Gorin MB, Ferrell RE, Sereika SM, Rotimi CN, Orchard TJ. Variants of the adenosine A(2A) receptor gene are protective against proliferative diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes. Ophthalmic Res 2010; 46:1-8. [PMID: 21088442 PMCID: PMC2997447 DOI: 10.1159/000317057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The adenosine A(2A) receptor (ADORA(2A)) may ameliorate deleterious physiologic effects associated with tissue injury in individuals with diabetes. We explored associations between variants of the ADORA(2A) gene and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS The participants were from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications prospective study of childhood-onset T1D. Stereoscopic photographs of the retinal fundus taken at baseline, then biennially, for 10 years were used to define PDR according to the modified Airlie House system. Two tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs; rs2236624-C/T and rs4822489-G/T) in the ADORA(2A) gene were selected using the HapMap (haplotype map) reference database. RESULTS A significant association was observed between SNP rs2236624 and PDR in the recessive genetic model. Participants homozygous for the T allele displayed a decreased risk of developing prevalent PDR (odds ratio, OR = 0.36; p = 0.04) and incident PDR (hazard ratio = 0.156; p = 0.009), and for all cases of PDR combined (OR = 0.23; p = 0.001). The protective effect of T allele homozygosity remained after adjusting for covariates. Similarly, for SNP rs4822489, an association between PDR and T allele homozygosity was observed following covariate adjustment (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.31-0.92; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Genetic variants of ADORA(2A) offer statistically significant protection against PDR development in patients with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashira A Charles
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5635, USA.
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