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Vatte S, Ugale R. HIF-1, an important regulator in potential new therapeutic approaches to ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2023; 170:105605. [PMID: 37657765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide due to the narrow therapeutic window of the only approved therapies like intravenous thrombolysis and thrombectomy. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a sensitive regulator of oxygen homeostasis, and its expression is rapidly induced after hypoxia/ischemia. It plays an extensive role in the pathophysiology of stroke by regulating multiple pathways including glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, neuronal survival, neuroinflammation and blood brain barrier regulation. Here, we give a brief overview of the HIF-1α-targeting strategies currently under investigation and summarise recent research on how HIF-1α is regulated in various brain cells, including neurons and microglia, at various stages in ischemic stroke. The roles of HIF-1 in stroke varies with ischemic time and degree of ischemia, are still up for debate. More focus has been placed on prospective HIF-1α targeting drugs, such as HIF-1α activator, HIF-1α stabilizers, and natural compounds. In this review, we have highlighted the regulation of HIF-1α in the novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Vatte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, India.
| | - Rajesh Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, India.
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2
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Downregulation of UBE4B promotes CNS axon regrowth and functional recovery after stroke. iScience 2022; 26:105885. [PMID: 36654858 PMCID: PMC9840934 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited intrinsic regrowth capacity of corticospinal axons impedes functional recovery after cortical stroke. Although the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p53 pathways have been identified as the key intrinsic pathways regulating CNS axon regrowth, little is known about the key upstream regulatory mechanism by which these two major pathways control CNS axon regrowth. By screening genes that regulate ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the p53 proteins in mice, we found that ubiquitination factor E4B (UBE4B) represses axonal regrowth in retinal ganglion cells and corticospinal neurons. We found that axonal regrowth induced by UBE4B depletion depended on the cooperative activation of p53 and mTOR. Importantly, overexpression of UbV.E4B, a competitive inhibitor of UBE4B, in corticospinal neurons promoted corticospinal axon sprouting and facilitated the recovery of corticospinal axon-dependent function in a cortical stroke model. Thus, our findings provide a translatable strategy for restoring corticospinal tract-dependent functions after cortical stroke.
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Li YC, Wang Y, Zou W. Exploration on the Mechanism of Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Cerebral Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:814463. [PMID: 35462700 PMCID: PMC9022456 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.814463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke’s secondary damage, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, are thought to be crucial factors in the disease’s progression. Despite the fact that there are numerous treatments for secondary damage following stroke, such as antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy, surgery, and so on, the results are disappointing and the side effects are numerous. It is critical to develop novel and effective strategies for improving patient prognosis. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the hub for the processing and metabolism of a wide range of functional regulatory proteins in cells. It is critical for the maintenance of cell homeostasis. With the advancement of UPS research in recent years, it has been discovered that UPS is engaged in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in the human body. UPS is expected to play a role in the onset and progression of stroke via multiple targets and pathways. This paper explores the method by which UPS participates in the linked pathogenic process following stroke, in order to give a theoretical foundation for further research into UPS and stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zou,
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Mdzinarishvili A, Houson H, Hedrick A, Awasthi V. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory diphenyldihaloketone EF24 in transient ischemic stroke model. Brain Inj 2022; 36:279-286. [PMID: 35254869 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2034959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Revascularization is necessary in patients with ischemic stroke, however it does not address inflammation that contribute to reperfusion injury and the early growth of ischemic core. We investigated EF24, an anti-inflammatory agent, in a stroke model. METHODS Ischemic stroke was induced in mice by occluding middle cerebral artery for 1 h followed by reperfusion. EF24 was given either 10 min post-reperfusion (EF24Post) or 10 min before occlusion (prophylactic, EF24Pro). Survival, ipsilateral uptake of radioactive infarct marker 18F-fluoroglucaric acid (FGA), inflammatory cytokines, and tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining were assessed. RESULTS Survival was increased in both EF24-treated groups compared to the stroke+vehicle group. Ipsilateral 18F-FGA uptake increased 2.6-fold in stroke+vehicle group compared to sham group (p < 0.05); the uptake in EF24-treated groups and sham group was not significantly different. TTC-staining also showed reduction in infarct size by EF24 treatment. Plasma IL-6, TNF-α, and corticosterone did not show significant changes among groups. However, ipsilateral tissue in stroke+vehicle mice showed increased IL-6 (>90-fold) and TNF-α (3-fold); the tissue IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly reduced in stroke+EF24Pro and stroke+EF24Post groups. 18F-FGA uptake significantly correlated with tissue IL-6 levels. CONCLUSIONS EF24 controls infarct growth and suppresses tissue inflammation in ischemic stroke, which can be monitored by 18F-FGA uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mdzinarishvili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Hailey Houson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Andria Hedrick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Vibhudutta Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Gavriatopoulou M, Malandrakis P, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Dimopoulos MA. Non-selective proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma and future perspectives. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 23:335-347. [PMID: 34761710 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1999411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : The ubiquitination system is the most important cascade of protein degradation independently of lysosomal function. The proteasome system is actively involved in cell cycle regulation. Therefore, proteasome inhibition can lead to inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and therefore it constitutes a potential therapeutic anticancer approach especially in the therapeutic algorithm of patients with multiple myeloma. AREAS COVERED Three different proteasome inhibitors are currently approved, bortezomib, carfilzomib and ixazomib, and they have been investigated in multiple myeloma and other hematological malignancies. Multiple myeloma cells are extremely sensitive to this inhibition which leads to accumulation of proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading finally to apoptosis. However, these agents lack specificity, since they target both the constitutive proteasome and the immunoproteasome. Targeting the constitutive proteasome is the main reason for side toxicity due to the effect on normal tissues. In contrary, immunoproteasome inhibition may reduce the adverse events while maintaining the therapeutic efficacy. In this review the authors present the role of the available proteasome inhibitors in myeloma therapeutics and future perspectives of both selective and non-selective proteasome inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION The available non-selective proteasome inhibitors have changed the therapeutics of multiple myeloma the last 10 years and have significantly improved the clinical outcomes of the patients. Furthermore, selective proteasome inhibitors are now under preclinical investigation and there is hope that their optimization will come with an improved safety profile with at least comparable efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Plasma cell dyscrasias unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Malandrakis
- Plasma cell dyscrasias unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Plasma cell dyscrasias unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Plasma cell dyscrasias unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Liu C, Chen S, Zhang H, Chen Y, Gao Q, Chen Z, Liu Z, Wang J. Bioinformatic analysis for potential biological processes and key targets of heart failure-related stroke. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:718-732. [PMID: 34514752 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to uncover underlying mechanisms and promising intervention targets of heart failure (HF)-related stroke. HF-related dataset GSE42955 and stroke-related dataset GSE58294 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to identify key modules and hub genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were performed on genes in the key modules. Genes in HF- and stroke-related key modules were intersected to obtain common genes for HF-related stroke, which were further intersected with hub genes of stroke-related key modules to obtain key genes in HF-related stroke. Key genes were functionally annotated through GO in the Reactome and Cytoscape databases. Finally, key genes were validated in these two datasets and other datasets. HF- and stroke-related datasets each identified two key modules. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that protein ubiquitination, Wnt signaling, and exosomes were involved in both HF- and stroke-related key modules. Additionally, ten hub genes were identified in stroke-related key modules and 155 genes were identified as common genes in HF-related stroke. OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity(OTULIN) and nuclear factor interleukin 3-regulated(NFIL3) were determined to be the key genes in HF-related stroke. Through functional annotation, OTULIN was involved in protein ubiquitination and Wnt signaling, and NFIL3 was involved in DNA binding and transcription. Importantly, OTULIN and NFIL3 were also validated to be differentially expressed in all HF and stroke groups. Protein ubiquitination, Wnt signaling, and exosomes were involved in HF-related stroke. OTULIN and NFIL3 may play a key role in HF-related stroke through regulating these processes, and thus serve as promising intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Sixu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yangxin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qingyuan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhiteng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China. .,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Račková L, Csekes E. Proteasome Biology: Chemistry and Bioengineering Insights. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2909. [PMID: 33291646 PMCID: PMC7761984 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomal degradation provides the crucial machinery for maintaining cellular proteostasis. The biological origins of modulation or impairment of the function of proteasomal complexes may include changes in gene expression of their subunits, ubiquitin mutation, or indirect mechanisms arising from the overall impairment of proteostasis. However, changes in the physico-chemical characteristics of the cellular environment might also meaningfully contribute to altered performance. This review summarizes the effects of physicochemical factors in the cell, such as pH, temperature fluctuations, and reactions with the products of oxidative metabolism, on the function of the proteasome. Furthermore, evidence of the direct interaction of proteasomal complexes with protein aggregates is compared against the knowledge obtained from immobilization biotechnologies. In this regard, factors such as the structures of the natural polymeric scaffolds in the cells, their content of reactive groups or the sequestration of metal ions, and processes at the interface, are discussed here with regard to their influences on proteasomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Račková
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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Al-Hajm AYS, Ozgun E. Effects of acrylamide on protein degradation pathways in human liver-derived cells and the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine and curcumin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1536-1543. [PMID: 33198515 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1846548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a harmful chemical, and its metabolism occurs mainly in the liver. Acrylamide can form adducts on proteins. Protein homeostasis is vital for metabolic and secretory functions of the liver. No study has investigated the effect of acrylamide on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Also, the effect of acrylamide on autophagy and its regulation is not fully known. We aimed to investigate the effects of acrylamide on the UPS, autophagy, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in HepG2 cells as well as to examine the effects of N-acetylcysteine and curcumin on these parameters in acrylamide-treated cells. HepG2 cells were initially treated with variable concentrations of acrylamide (0.01-0.1-1-10 mM) for 24 hours. Then, HepG2 cells were treated with 5 mM N-acetylcysteine and 6.79 µM curcumin in the presence of 10 mM acrylamide for 24 hours. Cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Ubiquitinated protein, mTOR, microtubule-associated proteins 1 A/1B light chain 3B-II (LC3B-II), and HSP70 levels were measured by immunoblotting. Acrylamide at 10 mM concentration, without any significant change at lower concentrations, caused an increase in ubiquitinated protein, LC3B-II, and HSP70 levels and a decrease in mTOR phosphorylation. Furthermore, 5 mM N-acetylcysteine caused a decrease in ubiquitinated protein and HSP70 levels; however, 6.79 µM curcumin did not affect 10 mM in acrylamide-treated cells. Our study showed that acrylamide at high concentration inhibits UPS and mTOR, activates autophagy, and increases HSP70 levels in HepG2 cells, and N-acetylcysteine reduces UPS inhibition and HSP70 levels in acrylamide-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eray Ozgun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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9
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Liu T, Gao Q, Yang B, Yin C, Chang J, Qian H, Xing G, Wang S, Li F, Zhang Y, Chen D, Cai J, Shi H, Aschner M, Appiah-Kubi K, He D, Lu R. Differential susceptibility of PC12 and BRL cells and the regulatory role of HIF-1α signaling pathway in response to acute methylmercury exposure under normoxia. Toxicol Lett 2020; 331:82-91. [PMID: 32461003 PMCID: PMC7366344 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a critical nuclear transcription factor for adaptation to hypoxia; its regulatable subunit, HIF-1α, is a cytoprotective regulatory factor. We examined the effects of methylmercury (MeHg) in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and the rat hepatocyte cell line BRL. MeHg treatment led to time- and concentration-dependent toxicity in both lines with statistically significant cytotoxic effects at 5 μM and 10 μM in PC12 and BRL, respectively, at 0.5 h. HIF-1α protein levels were significantly decreased at 2.5 (PC12) and 5 (BRL) μM MeHg. Furthermore, MeHg reduced the protein levels of HIF-1α and its target genes (glucose transporter-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and erythropoietin). Overexpression of HIF-1α significantly attenuated MeHg-induced toxicity in both cell types. Notably, cobalt chloride, a pharmacological inducer of HIF-1α, significantly attenuated MeHg-induced toxicity in BRL but not PC12. In both cell lines, an inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and the proteasome inhibitor carbobenzoxy-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal(MG132), antagonized MeHg toxicity, while 2-methoxyestradiol, a HIF-1α inhibitor, significantly increased it. These data establish that: (a) neuron-like PC12 cells are more sensitive to MeHg than non-neuronal BRL cells; (b) HIF-1α plays a similar role in MeHg-induced toxicity in both cell lines; and (c) upregulation of HIF-1α offers general cytoprotection against MeHg toxicity in PC12 and BRL cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Bobo Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Changsheng Yin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hai Qian
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Guangwei Xing
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jiyang Cai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Lindsay, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kwaku Appiah-Kubi
- Department of Applied Biology, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, UK-0215-5321, Ghana
| | - Dawei He
- Center for Experimental Research, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215130, China
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Center for Experimental Research, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215130, China.
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Chen JR, Tang Y, Wang YL, Cui Q, Inam M, Kong LC, Ma HX. Serine protease inhibitor MDSPI16 ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury through its anti-inflammatory activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:107015. [PMID: 33182034 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A previous study described a novel serine protease inhibitor 16 from Musca domestica (MDSPI16), which inhibited the elastase and chymotrypsin. It also exhibited a potential anti-inflammatory activity for acute lung injury (ALI), while its effects on ALI are yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of MDSPI16 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice and bone marrow neutrophils. The ALI model based on the results of LPS-induced mice demonstrated that MDSPI16 markedly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells, protein exudation in lung tissues, and downregulated the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, the LPS-stimulated mouse bone marrow neutrophils model was employed to determine the role of MDSPI16. The cytokine levels were quantified by both the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Consequently, the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α was found to be inhibited by MDSPI16 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, MDSPI16 also inhibited the mouse neutrophils nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, ERK1/2 and AP-1 signaling pathway in addition to the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins, which in turn, might alleviate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines during ALI. Therefore, MDSPI16 could be proposed as a potential and novel drug therapy for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Rui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi University Town, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong-Liang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qi Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Muhammad Inam
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ling-Cong Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China; The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Hong-Xia Ma
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China; The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China.
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Adav SS, Sze SK. Hypoxia-Induced Degenerative Protein Modifications Associated with Aging and Age-Associated Disorders. Aging Dis 2020; 11:341-364. [PMID: 32257546 PMCID: PMC7069466 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable time-dependent decline of various physiological functions that finally leads to death. Progressive protein damage and aggregation have been proposed as the root cause of imbalance in regulatory processes and risk factors for aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxygen is a modulator of aging. The oxygen-deprived conditions (hypoxia) leads to oxidative stress, cellular damage and protein modifications. Despite unambiguous evidence of the critical role of spontaneous non-enzymatic Degenerative Protein Modifications (DPMs) such as oxidation, glycation, carbonylation, carbamylation, and deamidation, that impart deleterious structural and functional protein alterations during aging and age-associated disorders, the mechanism that mediates these modifications is poorly understood. This review summarizes up-to-date information and recent developments that correlate DPMs, aging, hypoxia, and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Despite numerous advances in the study of the molecular hallmark of aging, hypoxia, and degenerative protein modifications during aging and age-associated pathologies, a major challenge remains there to dissect the relative contribution of different DPMs in aging (either natural or hypoxia-induced) and age-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S Adav
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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12
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Ozgun GS, Ozgun E. The cytotoxic concentration of rosmarinic acid increases MG132-induced cytotoxicity, proteasome inhibition, autophagy, cellular stresses, and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:514-523. [PMID: 31876192 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119896614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural polyphenolic compound derived from many common herbal plants. Although it is known that RA has many important biological activities, its effect on proteasome inhibitor-induced changes in cancer treatment or its effects on any experimental proteasome inhibition model is unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of RA on MG132-induced cytotoxicity, proteasome inhibition, autophagy, cellular stresses, and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated with 10, 100, and 1000 µM RA in the presence of MG132 for 24 h; 10 and 100 µM RA did not affect but 1000 µM RA decreased cell viability in HepG2 cells. MG132 caused a significant decrease in cell viability and phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin and a significant increase in levels of polyubiquitinated protein, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B-II (LC3B-II), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), protein carbonyl, and cleaved poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1); 10 and 100 µM RA did not significantly change these effects of MG132 in HepG2 cells; 1000 µM RA caused a significant decrease in cell viability and a significant increase in polyubiquitinated protein, LC3B-II, HSP70, BiP, ATF4, protein carbonyl, and cleaved PARP1 levels in MG132-treated cells. Our study showed that only 1000 µM RA increased MG132-induced cytotoxicity, proteasome inhibition, autophagy, cellular stresses, and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. According to our results, cytotoxic concentration of RA can potentiate the effects of MG132 in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Ozgun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - E Ozgun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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13
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Wei P, Wang P, Li B, Gu H, Liu J, Wang Z. Divergence and Convergence of Cerebral Ischemia Pathways Profile Deciphers Differential Pure Additive and Synergistic Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:80. [PMID: 32161541 PMCID: PMC7053362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The variable mechanisms on additive and synergistic effects of jasminoidin (JA)-Baicalin (BA) combination and JA-ursodeoxycholic acid (UA) combination in treating cerebral ischemia are not completely understood. In this study, we explored the differential pure mechanisms of additive and synergistic effects based on pathway analysis that excluded ineffective interference. Methods The MCAO mice were divided into eight groups: sham, vehicle, BA, JA, UA, Concha Margaritifera (CM), BA-JA combination (BJ), and JA-UA combination (JU). The additive and synergistic effects of combination groups were identified by cerebral infarct volume calculation. The differentially expressed genes based on a microarray chip containing 16,463 oligoclones were uploaded to GeneGo MetaCore software for pathway analyses and function catalogue. The comparison of specific pathways and functions crosstalk between different groups were analyzed to reveal the underlying additive and synergistic pharmacological variations. Results Additive BJ and synergistic JU were more effective than monotherapies of BA, JA, and UA, while CM was ineffective. Compared with monotherapies, 43 pathways and six functions were found uniquely in BJ group, with 33 pathways and three functions in JU group. We found six overlapping pathways and six overlapping functions between BJ and JU groups, which mainly involved central nervous system development. Thirty-seven specific pathways and 10 functions were activated by additive BJ, which were mainly related to cell adhesion and G-protein signaling; and 27 specific pathways and three functions of synergistic JU were associated with regulation of metabolism, DNA damage, and translation. The overlapping and distinct pathways and functions may contribute to different additive and synergistic effects. Conclusion The divergence pathways of pure additive effect of BJ were mainly related to cell adhesion and G-protein signaling, while the pure synergistic mechanism of JU depended on metabolism, translation and DNA damage. Such a systematic analysis of pathways may provide an important paradigm to reveal the pharmacological mechanisms underlying drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglu Wei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengqian Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Meloni BP, Mastaglia FL, Knuckey NW. Cationic Arginine-Rich Peptides (CARPs): A Novel Class of Neuroprotective Agents With a Multimodal Mechanism of Action. Front Neurol 2020; 11:108. [PMID: 32158425 PMCID: PMC7052017 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are virtually no clinically available neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of acute and chronic neurological disorders, hence there is an urgent need for the development of new neuroprotective molecules. Cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) are an expanding and relatively novel class of compounds, which possess intrinsic neuroprotective properties. Intriguingly, CARPs possess a combination of biological properties unprecedented for a neuroprotective agent including the ability to traverse cell membranes and enter the CNS, antagonize calcium influx, target mitochondria, stabilize proteins, inhibit proteolytic enzymes, induce pro-survival signaling, scavenge toxic molecules, and reduce oxidative stress as well as, having a range of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer actions. CARPs have also been used as carrier molecules for the delivery of other putative neuroprotective agents across the blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier. However, there is increasing evidence that the neuroprotective efficacy of many, if not all these other agents delivered using a cationic arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide (CCPPs) carrier (e.g., TAT) may actually be mediated largely by the properties of the carrier molecule, with overall efficacy further enhanced according to the amino acid composition of the cargo peptide, in particular its arginine content. Therefore, in reviewing the neuroprotective mechanisms of action of CARPs we also consider studies using CCPPs fused to a putative neuroprotective peptide. We review the history of CARPs in neuroprotection and discuss in detail the intrinsic biological properties that may contribute to their cytoprotective effects and their usefulness as a broad-acting class of neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Meloni
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Neville W Knuckey
- Department of Neurosurgery, QEII Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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15
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Over-Activated Proteasome Mediates Neuroinflammation on Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111326. [PMID: 31717886 PMCID: PMC6912695 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroinflammation is a hallmark in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) that induces secondary brain injury, leading to neuronal cell death. ER stress-triggered apoptosis and proteostasis disruption caused neuroinflammation to play an important role in various neurological disorders. The consequences of ER stress and proteostasis disruption have rarely been studied during the course of ICH development. Methods: ICH was induced by collagenase VII-S intrastriatal infusion. Animals were sacrificed at 0, 3, 6, 24, and 72 h post-ICH. Rats were determined for body weight changes, hematoma volume, and neurological deficits. Brain tissues were harvested for molecular signaling analysis either for ELISA, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, RT-qPCR, protein aggregation, or for histological examination. A non-selective proteasome inhibitor, MG132, was administered into the right striatum three hours prior to ICH induction. Results: ICH-induced acute proteasome over-activation caused the early degradation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone GRP78 and IκB protein. These exacerbations were accompanied by the elevation of pro-apoptotic CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression via nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal activation. Pre-treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG132 significantly ameliorated the ICH-induced ER stress/proteostasis disruption, pro-inflammatory cytokines, neuronal cells apoptosis, and neurological deficits. Conclusions: ICH induced rapid proteasome over-activation, leading to an exaggeration of the ER stress/proteostasis disruption, and neuroinflammation might be a critical event in acute ICH pathology.
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16
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Campbell BCV, De Silva DA, Macleod MR, Coutts SB, Schwamm LH, Davis SM, Donnan GA. Ischaemic stroke. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:70. [PMID: 31601801 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 802] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the second highest cause of death globally and a leading cause of disability, with an increasing incidence in developing countries. Ischaemic stroke caused by arterial occlusion is responsible for the majority of strokes. Management focuses on rapid reperfusion with intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy, which both reduce disability but are time-critical. Accordingly, improving the system of care to reduce treatment delays is key to maximizing the benefits of reperfusion therapies. Intravenous thrombolysis reduces disability when administered within 4.5 h of the onset of stroke. Thrombolysis also benefits selected patients with evidence from perfusion imaging of salvageable brain tissue for up to 9 h and in patients who awake with stroke symptoms. Endovascular thrombectomy reduces disability in a broad group of patients with large vessel occlusion when performed within 6 h of stroke onset and in patients selected by perfusion imaging up to 24 h following stroke onset. Secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke shares many common elements with cardiovascular risk management in other fields, including blood pressure control, cholesterol management and antithrombotic medications. Other preventative interventions are tailored to the mechanism of stroke, such as anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation and carotid endarterectomy for severe symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce C V Campbell
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Deidre A De Silva
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shelagh B Coutts
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology and Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lee H Schwamm
- Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen M Davis
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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17
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The Phosphatase SHP-2 Activates HIF-1α in Wounds In Vivo by Inhibition of 26S Proteasome Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184404. [PMID: 31500245 PMCID: PMC6769879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling and angiogenesis are required to improve the perfusion of ischemic tissues. The hypoxic environment, induced by ischemia, is a potent stimulus for hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) upregulation and activation, which induce pro-angiogenic gene expression. We previously showed that the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 drives hypoxia mediated HIF-1α upregulation via inhibition of the proteasomal pathway, resulting in revascularization of wounds in vivo. However, it is still unknown if SHP-2 mediates HIF-1α upregulation by affecting 26S proteasome activity and how the proteasome is regulated upon hypoxia. Using a reporter construct containing the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain of HIF-1α and a fluorogenic proteasome substrate in combination with SHP-2 mutant constructs, we show that SHP-2 inhibits the 26S proteasome activity in endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions in vitro via Src kinase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling. Moreover, the simultaneous expression of constitutively active SHP-2 (E76A) and inactive SHP-2 (CS) in separate hypoxic wounds in the mice dorsal skin fold chamber by localized magnetic nanoparticle-assisted lentiviral transduction showed specific regulation of proteasome activity in vivo. Thus, we identified a new additional mechanism of SHP-2 mediated HIF-1α upregulation and proteasome activity, being functionally important for revascularization of wounds in vivo. SHP-2 may therefore constitute a potential novel therapeutic target for the induction of angiogenesis in ischemic vascular disease.
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18
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He GQ, Xu WM, Liao HJ, Jiang C, Li CQ, Zhang W. Silencing Huwe1 reduces apoptosis of cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1977-1985. [PMID: 31290456 PMCID: PMC6676871 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.259620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HECT, UBA and WWE domain-containing 1 (Huwe1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, is widely expressed in brain tissue. Huwe1 is involved in the turnover of numerous substrates, including p53, Mcl-1, Cdc6 and N-myc, thereby playing a critical role in apoptosis and neurogenesis. However, the role of Huwe1 in brain ischemia and reperfusion injury remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of Huwe1 in an in vitro model of ischemia and reperfusion injury. At 3 days in vitro, primary cortical neurons were transduced with a control or shRNA-Huwe1 lentiviral vector to silence expression of Huwe1. At 7 days in vitro, the cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 3 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours. To examine the role of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 pathway, cortical neurons were pretreated with a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) or a p38MAPK inhibitor (SB203508) for 30 minutes at 7 days in vitro, followed by ischemia and reperfusion. Neuronal apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. Protein expression levels of JNK and p38MAPK and of apoptosis-related proteins (p53, Gadd45a, cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2) were measured by western blot assay. Immunofluorescence labeling for cleaved caspase-3 was performed. We observed a significant increase in neuronal apoptosis and Huwe1 expression after ischemia and reperfusion. Treatment with the shRNA-Huwe1 lentiviral vector markedly decreased Huwe1 levels, and significantly decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells after ischemia and reperfusion. The silencing vector also downregulated the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and upregulated the anti-apoptotic proteins Gadd45a and Bcl-2. Silencing Huwe1 also significantly reduced p-JNK levels and increased p-p38 levels. Our findings show that downregulating Huwe1 affects the JNK and p38MAPK signaling pathways as well as the expression of apoptosis-related genes to provide neuroprotection during ischemia and reperfusion. All animal experiments and procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Sichuan University, China in January 2018 (approval No. 2018013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qian He
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Ming Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui-Juan Liao
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chang-Qing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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19
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Chen X, Zhang X, Chen T, Jiang X, Wang X, Lei H, Wang Y. Inhibition of immunoproteasome promotes angiogenesis via enhancing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α abundance in rats following focal cerebral ischaemia. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:167-179. [PMID: 29679638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis after ischemic stroke contributes to the restoration of blood supply in the ischemic zone. Strategies to improve angiogenesis may facilitate the function recovery after stroke. Growing evidence shows that proteasome inhibitors enhance angioneurogenesis and induces a long-term neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia in rodents' models. We have previously reported that inhibition of the immunoproteasome subunit low molecular mass peptide 2 (LMP2) offers a strong neuroprotection in ischemic stroke rats. However, there are no data available to show the relationship between immunoproteasome and angiogenesis under ischemia stroke context. In this study, we identified that inhibition of immunoproteasome LMP2 was able to enhance angiogenesis and facilitate neurological functional recovery in rats after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. In vitro, oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) significantly enhanced the expression of immunoproteasome LMP2 and proteasome activities in primary culture astrocytes, but these beneficial effects were abolished by knockdown of LMP2 with siRNA transfection. Along with this, protein abundance of HIF-1α was significantly increased by inhibition LMP2 in vivo and in vitro and was associated with angiogenesis and cell fates. However, these beneficial effects were partly abolished by HIF-1α inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME). Taken together; this study highlights an important role for inhibition of LMP2 in promoting angiogenesis events in ischemic stroke, and point to HIF-1α as a key mediator of this response, suggesting that immunoproteasome inhibitors may be a promising strategy for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University Shengli Clinical College, Fuzhou 350001, PR China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University Shengli Clinical College, Fuzhou 350001, PR China.
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University Shengli Clinical College, Fuzhou 350001, PR China.
| | - Xiulong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University Shengli Clinical College, Fuzhou 350001, PR China.
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University Shengli Clinical College, Fuzhou 350001, PR China.
| | - Huixin Lei
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University Shengli Clinical College, Fuzhou 350001, PR China.
| | - Yinzhou Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University Shengli Clinical College, Fuzhou 350001, PR China.
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20
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Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy and Neuroprotective Peptide Therapies: A Case for Cationic Arginine-Rich Peptides (CARPs). Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8080147. [PMID: 30087289 PMCID: PMC6119922 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8080147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates, with survivors suffering significant neurological sequelae including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. While hypothermia is used clinically to reduce neurological injury following HIE, it is only used for term infants (>36 weeks gestation) in tertiary hospitals and improves outcomes in only 30% of patients. For these reasons, a more effective and easily administrable pharmacological therapeutic agent, that can be used in combination with hypothermia or alone when hypothermia cannot be applied, is urgently needed to treat pre-term (≤36 weeks gestation) and term infants suffering HIE. Several recent studies have demonstrated that cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs), which include many cell-penetrating peptides [CPPs; e.g., transactivator of transcription (TAT) and poly-arginine-9 (R9; 9-mer of arginine)], possess intrinsic neuroprotective properties. For example, we have demonstrated that poly-arginine-18 (R18; 18-mer of arginine) and its D-enantiomer (R18D) are neuroprotective in vitro following neuronal excitotoxicity, and in vivo following perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). In this paper, we review studies that have used CARPs and other peptides, including putative neuroprotective peptides fused to TAT, in animal models of perinatal HIE. We critically evaluate the evidence that supports our hypothesis that CARP neuroprotection is mediated by peptide arginine content and positive charge and that CARPs represent a novel potential therapeutic for HIE.
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21
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Poly-arginine R18 and R18D (D-enantiomer) peptides reduce infarct volume and improves behavioural outcomes following perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in the P7 rat. Mol Brain 2018; 11:8. [PMID: 29426351 PMCID: PMC5810179 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the neuroprotective efficacy of the poly-arginine peptide R18 and its D-enantiomer R18D in a perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) model in P7 Sprague-Dawley rats. R18 and R18D peptides were administered intraperitoneally at doses of 30, 100, 300 or 1000 nmol/kg immediately after HI (8% O2/92%N2 for 2.5 h). The previously characterised neuroprotective JNKI-1-TATD peptide at a dose of 1000 nmol/kg was used as a control. Infarct volume and behavioural outcomes were measured 48 h after HI. For the R18 and R18D doses examined, total infarct volume was reduced by 25.93% to 43.80% (P = 0.038 to < 0.001). By comparison, the JNKI-1-TATD reduced lesion volume by 25.27% (P = 0.073). Moreover, R18 and R18D treatment resulted in significant improvements in behavioural outcomes, while with JNKI-1-TATD there was a trend towards improvement. As an insight into the likely mechanism underlying the effects of R18, R18D and JNKI-1-TATD, the peptides were added to cortical neuronal cultures exposed to glutamic acid excitotoxicity, resulting in up to 89, 100 and 71% neuroprotection, respectively, and a dose dependent inhibition of neuronal calcium influx. The study further confirms the neuroprotective properties of poly-arginine peptides, and suggests a potential therapeutic role for R18 and R18D in the treatment of HIE.
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Klimova N, Long A, Kristian T. Significance of Mitochondrial Protein Post-translational Modifications in Pathophysiology of Brain Injury. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 9:223-237. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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23
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Zhang Y, Yang K, Wang T, Li W, Jin X, Liu W. Nrdp1 Increases Ischemia Induced Primary Rat Cerebral Cortical Neurons and Pheochromocytoma Cells Apoptosis Via Downregulation of HIF-1α Protein. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:293. [PMID: 28979191 PMCID: PMC5611384 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin receptor degradation protein-1 (Nrdp1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for degradation and regulates cell growth, apoptosis and oxidative stress in various cell types. We have previously shown that Nrdp1 is implicated in ischemic cardiomyocyte death. In this study, we investigated the change of Nrdp1 expression in ischemic neurons and its role in ischemic neuronal injury. Primary rat cerebral cortical neurons and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were infected with adenoviral constructs expressing Nrdp1 gene or its siRNA before exposing to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treatment. Our data showed that Nrdp1 was upregulated in ischemic brain tissue 3 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and in OGD-treated neurons. Of note, Nrdp1 overexpression by Ad-Nrdp1 enhanced OGD-induced neuron apoptosis, while knockdown of Nrdp1 with siRNA attenuated this effect, implicating a role of Nrdp1 in ischemic neuron injury. Moreover, Nrdp1 upregulation is accompanied by increased protein ubiquitylation and decreased protein levels of ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) in OGD-treated neurons, which led to a suppressed interaction between USP8 and HIF-1α and subsequently a reduction in HIF-1α protein accumulation in neurons under OGD conditions. In conclusion, our data support an important role of Nrdp1 upregulation in ischemic neuronal death, and suppressing the interaction between USP8 and HIF-1α and consequently the hypoxic adaptive response of neurons may account for this detrimental effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Baotou Medical CollegeBaotou, China
| | - Ke Yang
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhen, China
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai UniversityYantai, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityShenzhen, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhen, China
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24
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Ettari R, Zappalà M, Grasso S, Musolino C, Innao V, Allegra A. Immunoproteasome-selective and non-selective inhibitors: A promising approach for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 182:176-192. [PMID: 28911826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the major non-lysosomal proteolytic system for the degradation of abnormal or damaged proteins no longer required. The proteasome is involved in degradation of numerous proteins which regulate the cell cycle, indicating a role in controlling cell proliferation and maintaining cell survival. Defects in the UPS can lead to anarchic cell proliferation and to tumor development. For these reasons UPS inhibition has become a significant new strategy for drug development in cancer treatment. In addition to the constitutive proteasome, which is expressed in all cells and tissues, higher organisms such as vertebrates possess two immune-type proteasomes, the thymoproteasome and the immunoproteasome. The thymoproteasome is specifically expressed by thymic cortical epithelial cells and has a role in positive selection of CD8+ T cells, whereas the immunoproteasome is predominantly expressed in monocytes and lymphocytes and is responsible for the generation of antigenic peptides for cell-mediated immunity. Recent studies demonstrated that the immunoproteasome has a preservative role during oxidative stress and is up-regulated in a number of pathological disorders including cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. As a consequence, immunoproteasome-selective inhibitors are currently the focus of anticancer drug design. At present, the commercially available proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib which have been validated in multiple myeloma and other model systems, appear to target both the constitutive and immunoproteasomes, indiscriminately. This lack of specificity may, in part, explain some of the side effects of these agents, such as peripheral neuropathy and gastrointestinal effects, which may be due to targeting of the constitutive proteasome in these tissues. In contrast, by selectively inhibiting the immunoproteasome, it may be possible to maintain the antimyeloma and antilymphoma efficacy while reducing these toxicities, thereby increasing the therapeutic index. This review article will be focused on the discussion of the most promising immunoproteasome specific inhibitors which have been developed in recent years. Particular attention will be devoted to the description of their mechanism of action, their structure-activity relationship, and their potential application in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Grasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 90100 Messina, Italy.
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Pilchova I, Klacanova K, Dibdiakova K, Saksonova S, Stefanikova A, Vidomanova E, Lichardusova L, Hatok J, Racay P. Proteasome Stress Triggers Death of SH-SY5Y and T98G Cells via Different Cellular Mechanisms. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:3170-3185. [PMID: 28725954 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Overload or dysfunction of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is implicated in mechanisms of neurodegeneration associated with neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Parkinson and Alzheimer disease, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between viability of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and glioblastoma T98G cells treated with bortezomib, inhibitor of 26S proteasome, and accumulation of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins with respect to direct cytotoxicity of aggregates of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. Bortezomib-induced death of SH-SY5Y cells was documented after 24 h of treatment while death of T98G cells was delayed up to 48 h. Already after 4 h of treatment of both SH-SY5Y and T98G cells with bortezomib, increased levels of both ubiquitin-conjugated proteins with molecular mass more than 150 kDa and Hsp70 were observed whereas Hsp90 was elevated in T98G cells and decreased in SH-SY5Y cells. With respect to the cell death mechanism, we have documented bortezomib-induced activation of caspase 3 in SH-SY5Y cells that was probably a result of increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, PUMA and Noxa. In T98G cells, bortezomib-induced expression of caspase 4, documented after 24 h of treatment, with further activation of caspase 3, observed after 48 h of treatment. The delay in activation of caspase 3 correlated well with the delay of death of T98G cells. Our results do not support the possibility about direct cytotoxicity of aggregates of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. They are more consistent with a view that proteasome inhibition is associated with both transcription-dependent and -independent changes in expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and consequent cell death initiation associated with caspase 3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Pilchova
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Klacanova
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Dibdiakova
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Simona Saksonova
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Stefanikova
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Vidomanova
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Lichardusova
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Hatok
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Racay
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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Agrawal A, Khan MJ, Graugnard DE, Vailati-Riboni M, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Osorio JS, Loor JJ. Prepartal Energy Intake Alters Blood Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Transcriptome During the Peripartal Period in Holstein Cows. Bioinform Biol Insights 2017; 11:1177932217704667. [PMID: 28579762 PMCID: PMC5414586 DOI: 10.1177/1177932217704667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the dairy industry, cow health and farmer profits depend on the balance between diet (ie, nutrient composition, daily intake) and metabolism. This is especially true during the transition period, where dramatic physiological changes foster vulnerability to immunosuppression, negative energy balance, and clinical and subclinical disorders. Using an Agilent microarray platform, this study examined changes in the transcriptome of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) due to prepartal dietary intake. Holstein cows were fed a high-straw, control-energy diet (CON; NEL = 1.34 Mcal/kg) or overfed a moderate-energy diet (OVE; NEL = 1.62 Mcal/kg) during the dry period. Blood for PMNL isolation and metabolite analysis was collected at −14 and +7 days relative to parturition. At an analysis of variance false discovery rate <0.05, energy intake (OVE vs CON) influenced 1806 genes. Dynamic Impact Approach bioinformatics analysis classified treatment effects on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, including activated oxidative phosphorylation and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and inhibited RNA polymerase, proteasome, and toll-like receptor signaling pathway. This analysis indicates that processes critical for energy metabolism and cellular and immune function were affected with mixed results. However, overall interpretation of the transcriptome data agreed in part with literature documenting a potentially detrimental, chronic activation of PMNL in response to overfeeding. The widespread, transcriptome-level changes captured here confirm the importance of dietary energy adjustments around calving on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Agrawal
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - M J Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - D E Graugnard
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - M Vailati-Riboni
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - S L Rodriguez-Zas
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J S Osorio
- Department of Dairy Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - J J Loor
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Neuroprotective efficacy of poly-arginine R18 and NA-1 (TAT-NR2B9c) peptides following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Neurosci Res 2017; 114:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wood CE, Giroux D. Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms in the Ovine Fetal Brain: Alteration by Hormonal and Hemodynamic Stimuli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 13:329-37. [PMID: 16753312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized in the brain through the action of three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The local generation of NO in neurons, glia, and vasculature modulates neuronal activity, as well as regional cerebral blood flow. We propose that, in the fetal brain, cerebral hypoperfusion alters the expression of NOS isoforms, and that estrogen administration modulates the NOS response to hypoperfusion. METHODS Sixteen chronically catheterized fetal sheep of known gestational age (124 to 128 days' gestation) were subjected to a 10-minute period of brachiocephalic occlusion (BCO) or to sham BCO; half of these fetuses were subjected to subcutaneous implant, which released 17beta-estradiol (E2; 0.25 mg/d) or placebo. Brain tissue was collected for mRNA and protein extraction 1 hour after the start of the BCO or sham BCO. RESULTS All three isoforms of NOS were identified in fetal brain at both the mRNA and protein levels. BCO increased NOS1 (hippocampus, brainstem), NOS2 (hypothalamus), and NOS3 (hippocampus, cortex) at the protein level. Estradiol alone increased NOS1 (brainstem, cortex), NOS2 (hippocampus, hypothalamus), and NOS3 (brainstem, cerebellum) at the protein level, changes that were not mirrored at the mRNA level. The combination of BCO and estradiol produced smaller changes in NOS1 (brainstem, cortex), NOS2 (hippocampus, hypothalamus), and NOS3 (brainstem) protein levels than those produced by either stimulus alone. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the fetal brain expresses all isoforms of NOS, and that NOS expression is altered by both BCO and estradiol, but that the most prevalent effect of estradiol is to reduce specific NOS responses to cerebral hypoperfusion. The present results suggest the possibility that the neuroendocrine responses to estradiol and BCO are modulated by central nervous system (CNS) NO biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Wood
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0274, USA.
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Milani D, Knuckey NW, Anderton RS, Cross JL, Meloni BP. The R18 Polyarginine Peptide Is More Effective Than the TAT-NR2B9c (NA-1) Peptide When Administered 60 Minutes after Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rat. Stroke Res Treat 2016; 2016:2372710. [PMID: 27247825 PMCID: PMC4877491 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2372710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the dose responsiveness of polyarginine R18 (100, 300, and 1000 nmol/kg) when administered 60 minutes after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The TAT-NR2B9c peptide, which is known to be neuroprotective in rodent and nonhuman primate stroke models, served as a positive control. At 24 hours after MCAO, there was reduced total infarct volume in R18 treated animals at all doses, but this reduction only reached statistical significance at doses of 100 and 1000 nmol/kg. The TAT-NR2B9c peptide reduced infarct volume at doses of 300 and 1000 nmol/kg, but not to a statistically significant extent, while the 100 nmol/kg dose was ineffective. The reduction in infarct volume with R18 and TAT-NR2B9c peptide treatments was mirrored by improvements in one or more functional outcomes (namely, neurological score, adhesive tape removal, and rota-rod), but not to a statistically significant extent. These findings further confirm the neuroprotective properties of polyarginine peptides and for R18 extend its therapeutic time window and dose range, as well as demonstrating its greater efficacy compared to TAT-NR2B9c in a severe stroke model. The superior neuroprotective efficacy of R18 over TAT-NR2B9c highlights the potential of this polyarginine peptide as a lead candidate for studies in human stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Milani
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - N. W. Knuckey
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - R. S. Anderton
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - J. L. Cross
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - B. P. Meloni
- Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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He GQ, Xu WM, Li JF, Li SS, Liu B, Tan XD, Li CQ. Huwe1 interacts with Gadd45b under oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion injury in primary Rat cortical neuronal cells. Mol Brain 2015; 8:88. [PMID: 26698301 PMCID: PMC4690333 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible protein 45 beta (Gadd45b) is serving as a neuronal activity sensor. Brain ischemia induces the expression of Gadd45b, which stimulates recovery after stroke and may play a protective role in cerebral ischemia. However, little is known of the molecular mechanisms of how Gadd45b expression regulated and the down-stream targets in brain ischemia. Here, using an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) model, we identified Huwe1/Mule/ARF-BP1, a HECT domain containing ubiquitin ligase, involved in the control of Gadd45b protein level. In this study, we also investigated the role of Huwe1-Gadd45b mediated pathway in BDNF methylation. Results We found that the depletion of Huwe1 by lentivirus shRNA mediated interference significantly increased the expression of Gadd45b and BDNF at 24 h after OGD. Moreover, treatment with Cycloheximide (CHX) inhibited endogenous expression of Gadd45b, and promoted expression of Gadd45b after co-treated with lentivirus shRNA-Huwe1. Inhibition of Gadd45b by lentivirus shRNA decreased the expression levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) pathway, while inhibition of Huwe1 increased the expression levels of BDNF and p-CREB. Moreover, shRNA-Huwe1 treatment decreased the methylation level of the fifth CpG islands (123 bp apart from BDNF IXa), while shRNA-Gadd45b treatment increased the methylation level of the forth CpG islands (105 bp apart from BDNF IXa). Conclusions These findings suggested that Huwe1 involved in the regulation of Gadd45b expression under OGD/R, providing a novel route for neurons following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. It also indicated that the methylation of BDNF IXa was affected by Gadd45b as well as Huwe1 in the OGD/R model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-015-0178-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-qian He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Wen-ming Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hongkong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine (SCU-CUHK), Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jin-fang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Shuai-shuai Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hongkong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine (SCU-CUHK), Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250000, China.
| | - Xiao-dan Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Chang-qing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Wong YH, Wu CC, Lai HY, Jheng BR, Weng HY, Chang TH, Chen BS. Identification of network-based biomarkers of cardioembolic stroke using a systems biology approach with time series data. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015; 9 Suppl 6:S4. [PMID: 26679092 PMCID: PMC4674888 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-9-s6-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular signaling of angiogenesis begins within hours after initiation of a stroke and the following regulation of endothelial integrity mediated by growth factor receptors and vascular growth factors. Recent studies further provided insights into the coordinated patterns of post-stroke gene expressions and the relationships between neurodegenerative diseases and neural function recovery processes after a stroke. RESULTS Differential protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs) were constructed at 3 post-stroke time points, and proteins with a significant stroke relevance value (SRV) were discovered. Genes, including UBC, CUL3, APP, NEDD8, JUP, and SIRT7, showed high associations with time after a stroke, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis results showed that these post-stroke time series-associated genes were related to molecular and cellular functions of cell death, cell survival, the cell cycle, cellular development, cellular movement, and cell-to-cell signaling and interactions. These biomarkers may be helpful for the early detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS This is our first attempt to use our theory of a systems biology framework on strokes. We focused on 3 key post-stroke time points. We identified the network and corresponding network biomarkers for the 3 time points, further studies are needed to experimentally confirm the findings and compare them with the causes of ischemic stroke. Our findings showed that stroke-associated biomarker genes at different time points were significantly involved in cell cycle processing, including G2-M, G1-S and meiosis, which contributes to the current understanding of the etiology of stroke. We hope this work helps scientists reveal more hidden cellular mechanisms of stroke etiology and repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hao Wong
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chou Wu
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yong Lai
- Institution Review Board, Christian Mennonite Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Ren Jheng
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yu Weng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sen Chen
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Cardiac Arrest Alters Regional Ubiquitin Levels in Association with the Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown and Neuronal Damages in the Porcine Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:1043-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Inhibition of immunoproteasome reduces infarction volume and attenuates inflammatory reaction in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1626. [PMID: 25633295 PMCID: PMC4669779 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The detailed knowledge about the contribution of immunoproteasome to the neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke is still not available. The immunoreactivity of low molecular mass peptide 2 (LMP2) and low molecular mass peptide 7 (LMP7) was evident in the ipsilateral ischemic cerebral cortex and striatum following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Both LMP2 and LMP7 increased as early as 4 h after the MCAO, further increased at 24 h, peaked at 72 h and decreased 7 days later. LMP2 and LMP7 were mainly present in astrocytes and microglia/macrophage cells, respectively. LMP2 knockdown by shRNA (short hairpin RNA) markedly reduced the levels of LMP2 and LMP7 protein and caused 75.5 and 78.6% decrease in the caspase-like (C-L) and chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) activities, respectively. Compared with cont-shRNA group (39.7%, infarction volumes/total ipsilateral hemisphere), the infarction volumes were reduced to 22.5% in LMP2-shRNA group. Additionally, LMP2 knockdown significantly reduced activated astrocytes and microglia, the expression nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and caused less accumulation of ischemia-induced protein ubiquitination compared with MG132. These findings demonstrate that inhibition of LMP2 significantly attenuates inflammatory reaction and offers neuroprotection against focal cerebral ischemia in rats, suggesting that selective immunoproteasome inhibitors may be a promising strategy for stroke treatment.
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Lee H, Ban E, Kim EE, Yoo YS, Lee D, Song EJ. Quantitative analysis of a ubiquitin-dependent substrate using capillary electrophoresis with dual laser-induced fluorescence. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2978-85. [PMID: 25070549 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) affects many biological processes. Inhibition of the proteasome has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this study, we developed a method for monitoring the degradation and accumulation of UPS-dependent substrates in cells using CE with dual LIF. We used a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion of the ubiquitin substrate ribophorin 1 (GFP-RPN1) along with red fluorescent protein (RFP) as an internal control to normalize transfection efficiency. Determination of GFP-RPN1 and RFP in cell lysates were performed in an untreated capillary (75 μm × 50 cm) and 100 mM Tris-CHES buffer (pH 9.0) containing 10 mM SDS. GFP-RPN1 and RFP fluorescence were detected at excitation wavelengths of 488 and 635 nm, and emission wavelengths of 520 and 675 nm, respectively, without any interference or crosstalk. The intensity of GFP-RPN1 fluorescence was normalized to that of RFP. Additionally, the proposed approach was used successfully to detect the degradation of GFP-RPN1 and evaluate proteasome inhibitors. These results show that the developed method is effective and promising for rapid and quantitative monitoring of UPS-dependent substrates compared to the current common methods, such as immunoblotting and pulse chase assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; Department of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Proteomics Profiling of Pituitary, Adrenal Gland, and Splenic Lymphocytes in Rats with Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:657-64. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pandya CD, Crider A, Pillai A. Glucocorticoid regulates parkin expression in mouse frontal cortex: implications in schizophrenia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:100-7. [PMID: 24669205 PMCID: PMC3964742 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11666131120224950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress and glucocorticoid hormones, which are released into the circulation following stressful experiences, have been shown to contribute significantly to the manifestation of various psychiatric illnesses including schizophrenia and depression. Studies in rodents have reported dose and time dependent effects of glucocorticoids on the expression of proteins related to neuroplasticity. However, the mechanism(s) involved in the regulation of proteins by glucocorticoids are not clear. Ubiquitin ligases play important role in degradation, trafficking and stabilization of proteins. The present study investigated the effect of glucocorticoid on ubiquitin-proteasome system in mouse frontal cortex. A significant increase in mRNA and protein levels of parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase was found in cultured mouse primary cortical neurons following corticosterone treatment. An increase in parkin levels was also found in mouse frontal cortex in vivo following acute dexamethasone treatment. However, chronic treatment with corticosterone did not change parkin protein levels in mouse frontal cortex. Studies using postmortem brain samples from schizophrenia and control subjects indicated a significant increase in parkin protein levels in frontal cortex of schizophrenia subjects suggesting a response to increased stress conditions in schizophrenia. These findings suggest a possible role of parkin in the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirayu D Pandya
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Amanda Crider
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Klinger PP, Schubert U. The ubiquitin–proteasome system in HIV replication: potential targets for antiretroviral therapy. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 3:61-79. [PMID: 15757458 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.3.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of HIV approximately 20 years ago, more than 60 million individuals have been infected, and AIDS still remains one of the most devastating diseases humankind has ever faced. Unfortunately, there is little hope that an effective vaccine will be developed in the near future. Current antiretroviral treatment is based on drugs that either target the viral enzymes (protease and reverse transcriptase) or the attachment and entry of the virus. Although the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the mid-1990s has led to a profound reduction in HIV-related morbidity and mortality, the complete eradication of the virus from infected individuals has never been achieved. In addition, these antiviral drugs can induce serious adverse effects, particularly when administered in combination over prolonged treatment periods. A further drawback to these treatments is that with the high mutation rate of HIV, drug-resistant mutants are evolving, particularly when antiretroviral treatment only suppresses virus replication to marginal levels in latently infected cells making up the virus reservoirs in vivo. Cellular genes have much lower mutation rates, and drug-mediated modulation of specific cellular pathways represents an attractive antiviral strategy. Recent findings showing that proteasome inhibitors interfere with budding, maturation and infectivity of HIV have triggered intensive investigation of the hitherto unappreciated function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in HIV replication. It was also observed that, like several other retroviruses, HIV-1 virions contain a small amount of mono-ubiquitinylated Gag proteins. Currently, two E3-type ubiquitin ligases, in addition to one E3-like protein, have been identified as regulators of HIV budding. These ligases might represent interesting targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P Klinger
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Nanke Y, Kawamoto M, Yago T, Chiba J, Yamanaka H, Kotake S. Geranylgeranylacetone, a non-toxic inducer of heat shock protein, induces cell death in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-009-0183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Burnatowska-Hledin MA, Barney CC. New insights into the mechanism for VACM-1/cul5 expression in vascular tissue in vivo. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 313:79-101. [PMID: 25376490 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800177-6.00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vasopressin-activated calcium-mobilizing (VACM-1)/cul5 is the least conserved member of a cullin protein family involved in the formation of E3-specific ligase complexes that are responsible for delivering the ubiquitin protein to their target substrate proteins selected for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. This chapter summarizes work to date that has focused on VACM-1/cul5's tissue-specific expression in vivo and on its potential role in the control of specific cellular signaling pathways in those structures. As mammalian cells may contain hundreds of E3 ligases, identification VACM-1/cul5 as a specific subunit of the system that is expressed in the endothelium and in collecting tubules, structures known for their control of cellular permeability, may have significant implications when designing studies to elucidate the mechanism of water conservation. For example, VACM-1/cul5 expression is affected by water deprivation in some tissues and there is a potential relationship between neddylated VACM-1/cul5 and aquaporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Burnatowska-Hledin
- Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, USA; Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI, USA
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40
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Ischemic preconditioning-induced neuroprotection against transient cerebral ischemic damage via attenuating ubiquitin aggregation. J Neurol Sci 2014; 336:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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41
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Meller CL, Meller R, Simons RP, Podrabsky JE. Patterns of ubiquitylation and SUMOylation associated with exposure to anoxia in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus. J Comp Physiol B 2013; 184:235-47. [PMID: 24337451 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-013-0791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus acquire extreme tolerance to anoxia during embryonic development. These embryos can survive environmental and cellular conditions that would likely result in death in the majority of vertebrate cells, despite experiencing a massive loss of ATP. It is highly likely that the initial response to anoxia must quickly alter cellular physiology to reprogram cell signaling and metabolic pathways to support anaerobiosis. Covalent protein modifications are a mechanism that can quickly act to effect large-scale changes in protein structure and function and have been suggested by others to play a key role in mammalian ischemia tolerance. Using Western blot analysis, we explored patterns of protein ubiquitylation and SUMOylation in embryos of A. limnaeus exposed to anoxia and anoxic preconditioning. Surprisingly, we report stage-specific protein ubiquitylation patterns that suggest different mechanisms for altering protein turnover in dormant and actively developing embryos that both survive long-term anoxia. Anoxic preconditioning does not appear to alter levels of ubiquitin conjugates in a unique manner. Global SUMOylation of proteins does not change in response to anoxia, but there are stage-specific changes in SUMOylation of specific protein bands. Contrary to other systems, global changes in protein SUMOylation may not be required to support long-term tolerance to anoxia in embryos of A. limnaeus. These data lead us to conclude that embryos of A. limnaeus respond to anoxia in a unique manner compared to other vertebrate models of anoxia tolerance and may provide novel mechanisms for engineering vertebrate tissues to survive long-term anoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camie L Meller
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207, USA
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Minagar A, Ma W, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang K, Alexander JS, Gonzalez-Toledo E, Albitar M. Plasma ubiquitin–proteasome system profile in patients with multiple sclerosis: correlation with clinical features, neuroimaging, and treatment with interferon-beta-1b. Neurol Res 2013; 34:611-8. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132812y.0000000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Wanlong Ma
- Department of Hematopathology and OncologyQuest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology and OncologyQuest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Xiuqiang Wang
- Department of Hematopathology and OncologyQuest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology and OncologyQuest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | | | - Eduardo Gonzalez-Toledo
- Department of Radiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Maher Albitar
- Department of Hematopathology and OncologyQuest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
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Dasuri K, Zhang L, Keller JN. Oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and the balance of protein degradation and protein synthesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 62:170-185. [PMID: 23000246 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs in a variety of disease settings and is strongly linked to the development of neuron death and neuronal dysfunction. Cells are equipped with numerous pathways to prevent the genesis, as well as the consequences, of oxidative stress in the brain. In this review we discuss the various forms and sources of oxidative stress in the brain and briefly discuss some of the complexities in detecting the presence of oxidative stress. We then focus the review on the interplay between the diverse cellular proteolytic pathways and their roles in regulating oxidative stress in the brain. Additionally, we discuss the involvement of protein synthesis in regulating the downstream effects of oxidative stress. Together, these components of the review demonstrate that the removal of damaged proteins by effective proteolysis and the synthesis of new and protective proteins are vital in the preservation of brain homeostasis during periods of increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Last, studies from our laboratory and others have demonstrated that protein synthesis is intricately linked to the rates of protein degradation, with impairment of protein degradation sufficient to decrease the rates of protein synthesis, which has important implications for successfully responding to periods of oxidative stress. Specific neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke, are discussed in this context. Taken together, these findings add to our understanding of how oxidative stress is effectively managed in the healthy brain and help elucidate how impairments in proteolysis and/or protein synthesis contribute to the development of neurodegeneration and neuronal dysfunction in a variety of clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalavathi Dasuri
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Le Zhang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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Comprehensive gene expression profiling reveals synergistic functional networks in cerebral vessels after hypertension or hypercholesterolemia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68335. [PMID: 23874591 PMCID: PMC3712983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic stenosis of cerebral arteries or intracranial large artery disease (ICLAD) is a major cause of stroke especially in Asians, Hispanics and Africans, but relatively little is known about gene expression changes in vessels at risk. This study compares comprehensive gene expression profiles in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of New Zealand White rabbits exposed to two stroke risk factors i.e. hypertension and/or hypercholesterolemia, by the 2-Kidney-1-Clip method, or dietary supplementation with cholesterol. Microarray and Ingenuity Pathway Analyses of the MCA of the hypertensive rabbits showed up-regulated genes in networks containing the node molecules: UBC (ubiquitin), P38 MAPK, ERK, NFkB, SERPINB2, MMP1 and APP (amyloid precursor protein); and down-regulated genes related to MAPK, ERK 1/2, Akt, 26 s proteasome, histone H3 and UBC. The MCA of hypercholesterolemic rabbits showed differentially expressed genes that are surprisingly, linked to almost the same node molecules as the hypertensive rabbits, despite a relatively low percentage of ‘common genes’ (21 and 7%) between the two conditions. Up-regulated common genes were related to: UBC, SERPINB2, TNF, HNF4A (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A) and APP, and down-regulated genes, related to UBC. Increased HNF4A message and protein were verified in the aorta. Together, these findings reveal similar nodal molecules and gene pathways in cerebral vessels affected by hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, which could be a basis for synergistic action of risk factors in the pathogenesis of ICLAD.
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Abstract
p27Kip1 is a key cell-cycle regulator whose level is primarily regulated by the ubiquitin–proteasome degradation pathway. Its β1 subunit is one of seven β subunits that form the β-ring of the 20S proteasome, which is responsible for degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. We report here that the β1 subunit is up-regulated in oesophageal cancer tissues and some ovarian cancer cell lines. It promotes cell growth and migration, as well as colony formation. β1 binds and degrades p27Kip1directly. Interestingly, the lack of phosphorylation at Ser158 of the β1 subunit promotes degradation of p27Kip1. We therefore propose that the β1 subunit plays a novel role in tumorigenesis by degrading p27Kip1.
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46
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Neuronal necrosis and spreading death in a Drosophila genetic model. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e723. [PMID: 23846225 PMCID: PMC3730406 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Brain ischemia often results in neuronal necrosis, which may spread death to neighboring cells. However, the molecular events of neuronal necrosis and the mechanisms of this spreading death are poorly understood due to the limited genetic tools available for deciphering complicated responses in mammalian brains. Here, we engineered a Drosophila model of necrosis in a sub-population of neurons by expressing a leaky cation channel in the Drosophila eye. Expression of this channel caused necrosis in defined neurons as well as extensive spreading of cell death. Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated, caspase-independent apoptosis was the primary mechanism of cell death in neurons, while caspase-dependent apoptosis was primarily involved in non-neuronal cell death. Furthermore, the JNK activation in surrounding neurons was triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Eiger (Drosophila tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)) released from necrotic neurons. Because the Eiger/ROS/JNK signaling was also required for cell death induced by hypoxia and oxidative stress, our fly model of spreading death may be similar to brain ischemia in mammals. We performed large-scale genetic screens to search for novel genes functioning in necrosis and/or spreading death, from which we identified several classes of genes. Among them, Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) had been reported as a promising drug target for stroke treatment with undefined mechanisms. Our data indicate that ROCK and the related trafficking pathway genes regulate neuronal necrosis. We propose the suppression of the function of the trafficking system, ROS and cytokines, such as TNFα, as translational applications targeting necrosis and spreading death.
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Hai J, Lin Q, Wu YF, Huang XS, Zhang GY, Wang F. Effects of N-stearoyl-L-tyrosine on the hippocampal ubiquitin-proteasome system in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neurol Res 2013; 35:734-43. [PMID: 23562289 DOI: 10.1179/1743132812y.0000000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) leads to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Ubiquitinated protein aggregates are commonly present in neurodegenerative disorders and are believed to cause neuronal degeneration. Here, we investigated the effects of N-stearoyl-L-tyrosine (NSTyr) on the hippocampal ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in rats with CCH. METHODS After induction of CCH, NSTyr was intraperitoneally administered daily for 3 months. Protein aggregation was analyzed by ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (EPTA) electron microscopy (EM), immunogold EM, laser-scanning confocal microscopy, and Western blot. Proteasome peptidase activity was measured by peptidase activity assays. RESULTS By using EPTA EM, immunogold EM and high-resolution laser-scanning confocal microscopy, we found that CCH resulted in the accumulation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons. Western blot revealed that the levels of free ubiquitin were significantly reduced and that the levels of ubiquitinated proteins were markedly increased in the hippocampus of CCH rats. Direct activity measurements demonstrated that proteasome peptidase activity in the hippocampal region of rats was decreased after CCH induction. In the hippocampal tissue of CCH rats treated with NSTyr, however, ubiquitinated protein aggregates decreased and proteasome peptidase activity increased. DISCUSSION These data indicate that NSTyr may exert protective effects on rat hippocampal UPS function via endogenous regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hai
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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48
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Caldeira MV, Curcio M, Leal G, Salazar IL, Mele M, Santos ARA, Melo CV, Pereira P, Canzoniero LMT, Duarte CB. Excitotoxic stimulation downregulates the ubiquitin-proteasome system through activation of NMDA receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1832:263-74. [PMID: 23069389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Overactivation of glutamate receptors contributes to neuronal damage (excitotoxicity) in ischemic stroke but the detailed mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Brain ischemia is also characterized by an impairment of the activity of the proteasome, one of the major proteolytic systems in neurons. We found that excitotoxic stimulation with glutamate rapidly decreases ATP levels and the proteasome activity, and induces the disassembly of the 26S proteasome in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Downregulation of the proteasome activity, leading to an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, was mediated by calcium entry through NMDA receptors and was only observed in the nuclear fraction. Furthermore, excitotoxicity-induced proteasome inhibition was partially sensitive to cathepsin-L inhibition and was specifically induced by activation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. Oxygen and glucose deprivation induced neuronal death and downregulated the activity of the proteasome by a mechanism dependent on the activation of NMDA receptors. Since deubiquitinating enzymes may regulate proteins half-life by counteracting ubiquitination, we also analyzed how their activity is regulated under excitotoxic conditions. Glutamate stimulation decreased the total deubiquitinase activity in hippocampal neurons, but was without effect on the activity of Uch-L1, showing that not all deubiquitinases are affected. These results indicate that excitotoxic stimulation with glutamate has multiple effects on the ubiquitin-proteasome system which may contribute to the demise process in brain ischemia and in other neurological disorders.
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Ehrentraut SF, Colgan SP. Implications of protein post-translational modifications in IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:1378-88. [PMID: 22223542 PMCID: PMC3378042 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.22859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years our understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has greatly increased. Hallmarks of IBD include loss of intestinal barrier function, increased cytokine production, and failed resolution of tissue damage. Lasting treatments are still lacking and, therefore, a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is necessary to design novel therapeutic approaches. Apart from transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of relevant genes, mammals have evolved a complex and efficient series of mechanisms to rapidly modify newly made proteins for the purposes of signaling and adaptation. These posttranslational protein modifications include, among others, phosphorylation, hydroxylation, neddylation, and cytokine cleavage by the inflammasome. This review focuses on our current understanding of posttranslational protein modifications with a particular focus on their relevance to IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Ehrentraut
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
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50
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Zhang L, Zhang ZG, Chopp M. The neurovascular unit and combination treatment strategies for stroke. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:415-22. [PMID: 22595494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administered within 4.5h of symptom onset restores cerebral blood flow (CBF) and promotes neurological recovery of stroke patients. However, the narrow therapeutic time window and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage after tPA treatment pose major hurdles to its clinical usage. In light of the failures of neuroprotective therapies in clinical trials, emerging concepts suggest that neuroprotection alone without restoration of tissue perfusion and vascular integrity may not be adequate for treatment of acute stroke. Here we review evidence of the use of adjuvant pharmacological agents to extend the therapeutic window for tPA via targeting the neurovascular unit and the underlying mechanisms of the combination therapy in experimental stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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