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Ziebart A, Dremel J, Hetjens S, Nieuwkamp DJ, Linn FH, Etminan N, Rinkel GJ. Case fatality and functional outcome after spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis of time trends and regional variations in population-based studies. Eur Stroke J 2024; 9:555-565. [PMID: 38353205 DOI: 10.1177/23969873241232823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A previous systematic review of population-based studies from 1973 to 2002 found a decrease in case fatality for spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage, but could not find a sufficient number of studies to assess changes in functional outcome. Since then, treatment has advanced distinctly. We assessed whether case fatality has decreased further and whether functional outcome has improved. PATIENTS AND METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science for new population-based studies using the same criteria as in our previous systematic review. We assessed changes in case fatality and functional outcome over time using linear regression. RESULTS We included 24 new studies with 827 patients and analysed 9542 patients described in 62 study periods between 1973 and 2017. Case fatality decreased by 0.3% (95% CI: -0.7 to 0.1) per year. In a sensitivity analysis excluding studies that did not provide 1-month outcome and outliers, the age and sex-adjusted decrease was 0.1% per year (95% CI: -0.9 to 0.6). The mean case fatality rate decreased from 47% (95% CI: 31-63) in the 1970s to 35% (95% CI: 30-39) in the 1990s, and remained stable in the 2000s (34%; 95% CI: 27-41) and 2010s (38%; 95% CI: 15-60). In 15 studies, the mean proportion of patients living independently increased by 0.2% per year (95%CI: -0.7 to 1.1) and the mean was 45% (95% CI: 39-50) in six studies that reported outcome after 12 months. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION From 1973 to 2017, the case-fatality rate of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage declined overall by 13.5%, but remained stable over the last two decades. The data on time trends in functional outcome were inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ziebart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Judith Dremel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Svetlana Hetjens
- Department of Medical Statistics and Biomathematics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dennis J Nieuwkamp
- Department of Neurology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Francisca Hh Linn
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nima Etminan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gabriel Je Rinkel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Vena AB, Cabré X, Piñol R, Molina J, Purroy F. Assessment of incidence and trends in cerebrovascular disease in the healthcare district of Lleida (Spain) in the period 2010-2014. Neurologia 2022; 37:631-638. [PMID: 31952889 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the incidence and trends of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in the healthcare district of Lleida. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a population-based prospective cohort study including the entire population of the healthcare district of Lleida (440 000 people). Information was gathered from the minimum basic data set from the emergency department and hospital discharges for the period from January 2010 to December 2014. All types of stroke were included. We evaluated crude and age-standardised rates using the world population as a reference. Patients without neuroimaging confirmation of the diagnosis were excluded. RESULTS We identified 4397 patients: 1617 (36.8%) were aged 80 years or over; 3969 (90.3%) presented ischaemic stroke, and 1741 (39.6%) were women. The crude incidence rate ranged from 192 (95% confidence interval [CI], 179-205) to 211 (95% CI, 197-224) cases per 100 000 population, in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Age-standardised rates ranged from 93 (95% CI, 86-100) to 104 (95% CI, 96-111) cases per 100 000 population, in 2012 and 2013, respectively. For all years, incidence rates increased with age, and were significantly higher among men than among women. CONCLUSION The impact of CVD in Lleida is comparable to that observed in other European regions. However, population ageing induces a high crude incidence rate, which remained stable over the five-year study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Vena
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Santa María, Lleida, España; Grupo de Neurociencias Clínicas, Universidad de Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, España
| | - X Cabré
- Área de calidad, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, España
| | - R Piñol
- Gerencia territorial área de Lleida, Lleida, España
| | - J Molina
- Grupo de Neurociencias Clínicas, Universidad de Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, España; Unidad de Ictus, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, España
| | - F Purroy
- Grupo de Neurociencias Clínicas, Universidad de Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, España; Unidad de Ictus, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, España.
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Wang S, Zou XL, Wu LX, Zhou HF, Xiao L, Yao T, Zhang Y, Ma J, Zeng Y, Zhang L. Epidemiology of intracerebral hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:915813. [PMID: 36188383 PMCID: PMC9523083 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.915813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high mortality and disability rates. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sex, age, study year, risk factors, bleeding site, median year of study, and the incidence of ICH. Method Literature on the incidence of ICH published on 1 January 1980 and 1 January 2020, was systematically retrieved from PubMed and Embase databases. The random-effects model and subgroup analysis were used to explore the relationship between the incidence of ICH and different ages, sex, bleeding sites, and risk factors. Results We summarized the epidemiological changes in ICH in the past 40 years according to 52 studies and found that the total incidence of ICH is 29.9 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 26.5–33.3), which has not decreased worldwide. The incidence of ICH in the Asian population is much higher than in other continents. In addition, the incidence of ICH increases with age and differs at the 85-year-old boundary. Men are more likely to develop ICH than women, and the basal ganglia region is the most common area for ICH. Of the 10 risk factors examined in this study, those with hypertension had the highest incidence of ICH, followed by those with excessive alcohol consumption and heart disease. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of ICH still need to be improved continuously according to age, sex, risk factors, and other factors, and targeted and normative strategies should be gradually developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue-Lun Zou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lian-Xu Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui-Fang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linxiao Xiao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianxing Yao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junyi Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Multi-Modal Monitoring Technology for Severe Cerebrovascular Disease of Human Engineering Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Le Zhang
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Siddiqui EM, Mehan S, Bhalla S, Shandilya A. Potential role of IGF-1/GLP-1 signaling activation in intracerebral hemorrhage. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 3:100055. [PMID: 36685765 PMCID: PMC9846475 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IGF-1 and GLP-1 receptors are essential in all tissues, facilitating defense by upregulating anabolic processes. They are abundantly distributed throughout the central nervous system, promoting neuronal proliferation, survival, and differentiation. IGF-1/GLP-1 is a growth factor that stimulates neurons' development, reorganization, myelination, and survival. In primary and secondary brain injury, the IGF-1/GLP-1 receptors are impaired, resulting in further neuro complications such as cerebral tissue degradation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and atrophy. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe condition caused by a stroke for which there is currently no effective treatment. While some pre-clinical studies and medications are being developed as symptomatic therapies in clinical trials, there are specific pharmacological implications for improving post-operative conditions in patients with intensive treatment. Identifying the underlying molecular process and recognizing the worsening situation can assist researchers in developing effective therapeutic solutions to prevent post-hemorrhagic symptoms and the associated neural dysfunctions. As a result, in the current review, we have addressed the manifestations of the disease that are aggravated by the downregulation of IGF-1 and GLP-1 receptors, which can lead to ICH or other neurodegenerative disorders. Our review summarizes that IGF-1/GLP-1 activators may be useful for treating ICH and its related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehraz Mehmood Siddiqui
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sonalika Bhalla
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ambika Shandilya
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Motamed-Gorji N, Hariri S, Masoudi S, Sharafkhah M, Nalini M, Oveisgharan S, Khoshnia M, Motamed-Gorji N, Gharavi A, Etemadi A, Poustchi H, Zand R, Malekzadeh R. Incidence, early case fatality and determinants of stroke in Iran: Golestan Cohort Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106658. [PMID: 35973398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While few studies investigated the incidence of stroke in Iran, no Iranian cohort has estimated the standardized-incidence rate and early fatality of first-ever-stroke subtypes along with associated factors. METHODS Golestan Cohort Study is a prospective study launched in northeastern Iran in 2004, including 50,045 individuals aged 40-75 at baseline. Age-standardized incidence rate of first-ever-stroke was calculated per 100,000 person-years, according to World Standard Population. The 28-day case fatality was calculated by dividing the number of fatal first-ever-stroke during the first 28 days by total events. Cox proportional hazard models were conducted to assess incidence and fatality risk factors. We used Population Attributable Fractions to estimate the incidence and early fatality proportions reduced by ideal risk factor control. RESULTS 1,135 first-ever-strokes were observed during 8.6 (median) years follow-up. First-ever-stroke standardized incidence rate was estimated 185.2 (95% CI: 173.2-197.2) per 100,000 person-years. The 28-day case fatality was 44.1% (95% CI: 40.4-48.2). Hypertension and pre-stroke physical activity were the strongest risk factors associated with first-ever-stroke incidence (Hazard ratio: 2.83; 2.47-3.23) and 28-day case fatality (Hazard ratio: 0.59; 0.44-0.78), respectively. Remarkably, opium consumption was strongly associated with hemorrhagic stroke incidence (Hazard ratio: 1.52; 1.04-2.23) and ischemic stroke fatality (Hazard ratio: 1.44; 1.01-2.09). Overall, modifiable risk factors contributed to 83% and 61% of first-ever-stroke incidence and early fatality, respectively. CONCLUSION Efficient risk factor control can considerably reduce stroke occurrence and fatality in our study. Establishing awareness campaigns and 24-hour stroke units seem necessary for improving the stroke management in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazgol Motamed-Gorji
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanam Hariri
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Masoudi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharafkhah
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Nalini
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahram Oveisgharan
- Rush Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abdolsamad Gharavi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Zand
- Neuroscience Institute, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA.
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li X, Zhang L, Wolfe CDA, Wang Y. Incidence and Long-Term Survival of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Over Time: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:819737. [PMID: 35359654 PMCID: PMC8960718 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.819737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Recent epidemiological data indicate that the absolute number of hemorrhagic stroke cases increased by 47% between 1990 and 2010 and continued to cause high rates of death and disability. The last systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence and long-term survival of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were published 11 and 7 years ago, respectively, and lacked comparison between different income groups, therefore, a more up to date analysis is needed. We aim to investigate the ICH incidence and long-term survival data in countries of different income groups. Materials Methods We systematically searched Ovid Medline for population-based longitudinal studies of first-ever spontaneous ICH published from January 2000 to December 2020. We performed meta-analyses on the incidence and survival rate in countries of 4 different income groups with random-effects models (severe inconsistency). The I2 was used to measure the heterogeneity. Heterogeneity was further investigated by conducting the meta-regression on the study mid-year. Time trends of the survival rate were assessed by weighted linear regression. Results We identified 84 eligible papers, including 68 publications reporting incidence and 24 publications on the survival rate. The pooled incidence of ICH per 100,000 per person-years was 26.47 (95% CI: 21.84–32.07) worldwide, 25.9 (95% CI: 22.63–29.63) in high-income countries (HIC), 28.45 (95% CI: 15.90–50.88) in upper-middle-income countries, and 31.73 (95% CI: 18.41–54.7) in lower-middle-income countries. The 1-year pooled survival rate was from 50% (95% CI: 47–54%; n = 4,380) worldwide to 50% (95% CI: 47–54%) in HIC, and 46% (95% CI: 38–55%) in upper-middle income countries. The 5-year pooled survival rate was 41% (95% CI: 35–48%; n = 864) worldwide, 41% (95% CI: 32–50%) in high-income and upper-middle countries. No publications were found reporting the long-term survival in lower-middle-income and low-income countries. No time trends in incidence or survival were found by meta-regression. Conclusion The pooled ICH incidence was highest in lower-middle-income countries. About half of ICH patients survived 1 year, and about two-fifths survived 5 years. Reliable population-based studies estimating the ICH incidence and long-term survival in low-income and low-middle-income countries are needed to help prevention of ICH. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=170140, PROSPERO CRD42020170140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqi Li
- School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Xianqi Li
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles D. A. Wolfe
- School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) South London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yanzhong Wang
- School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) South London, London, United Kingdom
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Analysis of Upper Limbs Target-Reaching Movement and Muscle Co-Activation in Patients with First Time Stroke for Rehabilitation Progress Monitoring. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the authors analysed changes occurring during the rehabilitation processes in patients after early stroke based on analysis of their upper limbs’ target-reaching movement and muscle co-activation. Ischemic stroke often results in reduced mobility of the upper extremities and frequently is a cause for long-term disability. The ever-developing technology of 3D movement analysis and miniaturisation of equipment for testing the bioelectrical activity of muscles can help to assess the progress of rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to examine the use of analysis of target-reaching movement indicators and muscle co-activation for diagnosing the rehabilitation process in post-stroke patients. Twenty ischemic stroke patients in the early post-stroke phase (up to three months after the stroke), and twenty healthy subjects (the control group) took part in the experiments. The novel approach of the proposed research proved the usefulness of this approach in the diagnosis of the rehabilitation efficiency of rehabilitation in early post-stroke phase patients.
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8
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Assessment of incidence and trends in cerebrovascular disease in the healthcare district of Lleida (Spain) in the period 2010-2014. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021; 37:631-638. [PMID: 34656504 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the incidence and trends of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in the healthcare district of Lleida. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a population-based prospective cohort study including the entire population of the healthcare district of Lleida (440 000 people). Information was gathered from the minimum basic data set from the emergency department and hospital discharges for the period from January 2010 to December 2014. All types of stroke were included. We evaluated crude and age-standardised rates using the world population as a reference. Patients without neuroimaging confirmation of the diagnosis were excluded. RESULTS We identified 4397 patients: 1617 (36.8%) were aged 80 years or over; 3969 (90.3%) presented ischaemic stroke, and 1741 (39.6%) were women. The crude incidence rate ranged from 192 (95% confidence interval [CI], 179-205) to 211 (95% CI, 197-224) cases per 100 000 population, in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Age-standardised rates ranged from 93 (95% CI, 86-100) to 104 (95% CI, 96-111) cases per 100 000 population, in 2012 and 2013, respectively. For all years, incidence rates increased with age, and were significantly higher among men than among women. CONCLUSION The impact of CVD in Lleida is comparable to that observed in other European regions. However, population ageing induces a high crude incidence rate, which remained stable over the five-year study period.
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Akyea RK, Vinogradova Y, Qureshi N, Patel RS, Kontopantelis E, Ntaios G, Asselbergs FW, Kai J, Weng SF. Sex, Age, and Socioeconomic Differences in Nonfatal Stroke Incidence and Subsequent Major Adverse Outcomes. Stroke 2021; 52:396-405. [PMID: 33493066 PMCID: PMC7834661 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Data about variations in stroke incidence and subsequent major adverse outcomes are essential to inform secondary prevention and prioritizing resources to those at the greatest risk of major adverse end points. We aimed to describe the age, sex, and socioeconomic differences in the rates of first nonfatal stroke and subsequent major adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph K Akyea
- Primary Care Stratified Medicine, Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (R.K.A., Y.V., N.Q., J.K., S.F.W.)
| | - Yana Vinogradova
- Primary Care Stratified Medicine, Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (R.K.A., Y.V., N.Q., J.K., S.F.W.)
| | - Nadeem Qureshi
- Primary Care Stratified Medicine, Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (R.K.A., Y.V., N.Q., J.K., S.F.W.)
| | - Riyaz S Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences (R.S.P., F.W.A.), University College London.,Health Data Research UK, Institute of Health Informatics (R.S.P., F.W.A.), University College London
| | - Evangelos Kontopantelis
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care (E.K.), School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Informatics, Imaging, and Data Sciences (E.K.), School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - George Ntaios
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N.)
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (F.W.A.)
| | - Joe Kai
- Primary Care Stratified Medicine, Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (R.K.A., Y.V., N.Q., J.K., S.F.W.)
| | - Stephen F Weng
- Primary Care Stratified Medicine, Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (R.K.A., Y.V., N.Q., J.K., S.F.W.)
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Huang WY, Lee M, Sung SF, Tang SC, Chang KH, Huang YS, Lee JD, Lee TH, Jeng JS, Chung CM, Wu YL, Hsieh TT, Ovbiagele B. Atrial fibrillation trial to evaluate real-world procedures for their utility in helping to lower stroke events: A randomized clinical trial. Int J Stroke 2020; 16:300-310. [PMID: 32640882 PMCID: PMC8044652 DOI: 10.1177/1747493020938297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Enhancing detection of unrecognized atrial fibrillation among acute ischemic stroke patients is crucial for secondary stroke prevention. Aim To evaluate whether the detection rate of new atrial fibrillation in acute ischemic stroke patients without known atrial fibrillation could be improved by doing serial 12-lead electrocardiograms once daily for five days, compared with conventional 24-h Holter monitoring (24-h Holter). Methods We conducted a randomized clinical trial to compare the detection rates of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation between serial electrocardiograms versus 24-h Holter from October 2015 to October 2018 at six hospitals. Eligible participants were acute ischemic stroke patients with aged ≥65 years, with neither atrial fibrillation history nor any presence of atrial fibrillation on baseline electrocardiogram at admission. The primary outcome was newly detected electrocardiogram in the serial electrocardiograms and 24-h Holter group. Results Among 826 patients, baseline characteristics were similar between both groups. In the intention-to-treat analysis, there was no statistical difference between serial electrocardiograms versus 24-Holter to detect atrial fibrillation (8.4% vs. 6.9%; adjusted odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 0.69–2.01). Stepwise multivariate logistic regression revealed age ≥80 years and history of heart failure were associated with detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation whereas patients with lacunar infarction had lower odds for detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Conclusions Serial electrocardiograms had comparable detection rate of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation compared with 24-h Holter and might be a viable alternative to 24-h Holter as a first-line approach to survey for potential paroxysmal atrial fibrillation among elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke. Clinical Trial Registration: URL https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02578979 Unique Identifiers: NCT02578979
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology, 56081Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng Lee
- Department of Neurology, 56081Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Sung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chun Tang
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, 38006National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, 56081Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sung Huang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Der Lee
- Department of Neurology, 56081Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Hai Lee
- Department of Neurology, 56081Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Shing Jeng
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, 38006National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Min Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, 56081Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, 50115National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ta Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, 56081Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Bryndziar T, Sedova P, Brown RD, Fiserova E, Zvolsky M, Bednarik J, Mikulik R. Trends in One Month and One Year Hemorrhagic Stroke Case Fatality Rates in the Czech Republic between 1998 and 2015. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104762. [PMID: 32268973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This retrospective cross-sectional study reports 1 month and 1 year intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) case fatality rates and their temporal trends in the Czech Republic between 1998 and 2015. METHODS Utilizing the National Register of Hospitalized Patients, we randomly selected 600 patients hospitalized for ICH and 600 patients hospitalized for SAH for each year from 1998 to 2015, and identified those who died, regardless of cause, using the Czech National Mortality Registry. We calculated crude and age-adjusted 1 month and 1 year case fatality rates for ICH and SAH. Long-term trends of the crude rates were analyzed using a one-sided Cochran Armitage test. RESULTS A total of 21,600 cases hospitalized for SAH and ICH (10,800 for each) between 1998 and 2015 were randomly selected for analysis. One month case fatality of SAH overall and in women has decreased by 0.2% (P = .006) and 0.3% per year (P = .04), respectively. Overall 1 year case fatality of SAH has decreased by 0.2% per year (P = .03). One month case fatality rate of ICH overall and in men has decreased by 0.2% (p=0.01) and 0.4% (P = .0007), respectively. One year case fatality of ICH in men has decreased by 0.2% per year (P = .047). CONCLUSIONS One month and 1 year case fatality rates for SAH and ICH have been decreasing in the Czech Republic between 1998 and 2015, and are similar or lower than those reported from other developed European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bryndziar
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Sedova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert D Brown
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eva Fiserova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Zvolsky
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Bednarik
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Mikulik
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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12
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Kim J, Thayabaranathan T, Donnan GA, Howard G, Howard VJ, Rothwell PM, Feigin V, Norrving B, Owolabi M, Pandian J, Liu L, Cadilhac DA, Thrift AG. Global Stroke Statistics 2019. Int J Stroke 2020; 15:819-838. [PMID: 32146867 DOI: 10.1177/1747493020909545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on stroke epidemiology and availability of hospital-based stroke services around the world are important for guiding policy decisions and healthcare planning. AIMS To provide the most current incidence, mortality and case-fatality data on stroke and describe current availability of stroke units around the world by country. METHODS We searched multiple databases (based on our existing search strategy) to identify new original manuscripts and review articles published between 1 June 2016 and 31 October 2018 that met the ideal criteria for data on stroke incidence and case-fatality. For data on the availability of hospital-based stroke services, we searched PubMed for all literature published up until 31 June 2018. We further screened reference lists, citation history of manuscripts and gray literature for this information. Mortality codes for International Classification of Diseases-9 and International Classification of Diseases-10 were extracted from the World Health Organization mortality database for each country providing these data. Population denominators were obtained from the World Health Organization, and when these were unavailable within a two-year period of mortality data, population denominators within a two-year period were obtained from the United Nations. Using country-specific population denominators and the most recent years of mortality data available for each country, we calculated both the crude mortality from stroke and mortality adjusted to the World Health Organization world population. RESULTS Since our last report in 2017, there were two countries with new incidence studies, China (n = 1) and India (n = 2) that met the ideal criteria. New data on case-fatality were found for Estonia and India. The most current mortality data were available for the year 2015 (39 countries), 2016 (43 countries), and 2017 (7 countries). No new data on mortality were available for six countries. Availability of stroke units was noted for 63 countries, and the proportion of patients treated in stroke units was reported for 35/63 countries. CONCLUSION Up-to-date data on stroke incidence, case-fatality, and mortality statistics provide evidence of variation among countries and changing magnitudes of burden among high and low-middle income countries. Reporting of hospital-based stroke units remains limited and should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joosup Kim
- Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tharshanah Thayabaranathan
- Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Virginia J Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Valery Feigin
- National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bo Norrving
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Neurology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jeyaraj Pandian
- Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dominique A Cadilhac
- Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda G Thrift
- Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Etminan N, Chang HS, Hackenberg K, de Rooij NK, Vergouwen MDI, Rinkel GJE, Algra A. Worldwide Incidence of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage According to Region, Time Period, Blood Pressure, and Smoking Prevalence in the Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2020; 76:588-597. [PMID: 30659573 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Importance Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from ruptured intracranial aneurysms is a subset of stroke with high fatality and morbidity. Better understanding of a change in incidence over time and of factors associated with this change could facilitate primary prevention. Objective To assess worldwide SAH incidence according to region, age, sex, time period, blood pressure, and smoking prevalence. Data Sources We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for studies on SAH incidence published between January 1960 and March 2017. Worldwide blood pressure and smoking prevalence data were extracted from the Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor and Global Burden of Disease data sets. Study Selection Population-based studies with prospective designs representative of the entire study population according to predefined criteria. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers independently extracted data according to PRISMA guidelines. Incidence of SAH was calculated per 100 000 person-years, and risk ratios (RRs) including 95% CIs were calculated with multivariable random-effects binomial regression. The association of SAH incidence with blood pressure and smoking prevalence was assessed with linear regression. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence of SAH. Results A total of 75 studies from 32 countries were included. These studies comprised 8176 patients with SAH were studied over 67 746 051 person-years. Overall crude SAH incidence across all midyears was 7.9 (95% CI, 6.9-9.0) per 100 000 person-years; the RR for women was 1.3 (95% CI, 0.98-1.7). Compared with men aged 45 to 54 years, the RR in Japanese women older than 75 years was 2.5 (95% CI, 1.8-3.4) and in European women older than 75 years was 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9-2.5). Global SAH incidence declined from 10.2 (95% CI, 8.4-12.5) per 100 000 person-years in 1980 to 6.1 (95% CI, 4.9-7.5) in 2010 or by 1.7% (95% CI, 0.6-2.8) annually between 1955 and 2014. Incidence of SAH declined between 1980 and 2010 by 40.6% in Europe, 46.2% in Asia, and 14.0% in North America and increased by 59.1% in Japan. The global SAH incidence declined with every millimeter of mercury decrease in systolic blood pressure by 7.1% (95% CI, 5.8-8.4) and with every percentage decrease in smoking prevalence by 2.4% (95% CI, 1.6-3.3). Conclusions and Relevance Worldwide SAH incidence and its decline show large regional differences and parallel the decrease in blood pressure and smoking prevalence. Understanding determinants for regional differences and further reducing blood pressure and smoking prevalence may yield a diminished SAH burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Etminan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mannheim University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Han-Sol Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mannheim University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Hackenberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mannheim University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicolien K de Rooij
- Department of Rehabilitation, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Mervyn D I Vergouwen
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel J E Rinkel
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ale Algra
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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14
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Pinho J, Costa AS, Araújo JM, Amorim JM, Ferreira C. Intracerebral hemorrhage outcome: A comprehensive update. J Neurol Sci 2019; 398:54-66. [PMID: 30682522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a significant global burden of disease, and despite being proportionally less frequent than ischemic stroke, in 2010 it was associated with greater worldwide disability-adjusted life years lost. The focus of outcome assessment after ICH has been mortality in most studies, because of the high early case fatality which reaches 40% in some population-based studies. The most robust and consistent predictors of early mortality include age, severity of neurological impairment, hemorrhage volume and antithrombotic therapy at the time of the event. Long-term outcome assessment is multifaceted and includes not only mortality and functional outcome, but also patient self-assessment of the health-related quality of life, occurrence of cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorders, epileptic seizures, recurrent ICH and subsequent thromboembolic events. Several scores which predict mortality and functional outcome after ICH have been validated and are useful in the daily clinical practice, however they must be used in combination with the clinical judgment for individualized patients. Management of patients with ICH both in the acute and chronic phases, requires health care professionals to have a comprehensive and updated perspective on outcome, which informs decisions that are needed to be taken together with the patient and next of kin.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pinho
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal.
| | - Ana Sofia Costa
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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15
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Geessinck FAJ, Pleijhuis RG, Mentink RJ, van der Palen J, Koffijberg H. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the DiagnOSAS Screening Tool Compared With Polysomnography Diagnosis in Dutch Primary Care. J Clin Sleep Med 2018; 14:1005-1015. [PMID: 29852908 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The growing recognition of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as a serious health condition, increasing waiting lists for sleep tests, and a high proportion of unnecessary referrals from general practice highlight the need for alternative diagnostic strategies for OSA. This study's objective was to investigate the cost-effectiveness of DiagnOSAS, a screening tool that strives to facilitate fast and well-informed referral to hospitals and sleep clinics for diagnosis, in The Netherlands. METHODS A Markov model was constructed to assess cost-effectiveness in men aged 50 years. The diagnostic process of OSA was simulated with and without DiagnOSAS, taking into account the occurrence of hazardous OSA effects: car accidents, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The cost-effectiveness of "DiagnOSAS Strategy" and a "Rapid Diagnosis Scenario," in which time to diagnosis was halved, was assessed. RESULTS Base case results show that, within a 10-year time period, DiagnOSAS saves €226 per patient at a negligible decrease (< 0.01) in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €56,997/QALY. The "Rapid Diagnosis Scenario" dominates usual care (ie, is both cheaper and more effective). For a willingness-to-pay threshold of €20,000/QALY the probability that the "DiagnOSAS Strategy" and "Rapid Diagnosis Scenario" are cost-effective equals 91.7% and 99.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS DiagnOSAS appears to be a cost-saving alternative for the usual OSA diagnostic strategy in The Netherlands. When DiagnOSAS succeeds in decreasing time to diagnosis, it could substantially improve health outcomes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rick G Pleijhuis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Job van der Palen
- Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Department of Research Methodology, Measurement and Data Analysis, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Medical School Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Koffijberg
- Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Department of Health Technology and Services Research, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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16
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Tsivgoulis G, Patousi A, Pikilidou M, Birbilis T, Katsanos AH, Mantatzis M, Asimis A, Papanas N, Skendros P, Terzoudi A, Karamanli A, Kouroumichakis I, Zebekakis P, Maltezos E, Piperidou C, Vadikolias K, Heliopoulos I. Stroke Incidence and Outcomes in Northeastern Greece: The Evros Stroke Registry. Stroke 2018; 49:288-295. [PMID: 29335330 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.019524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Data are scarce on both stroke incidence rates and outcomes in Greece and in rural areas in particular. We performed a prospective population-based study evaluating the incidence of first-ever stroke in the Evros prefecture, a region of a total 147 947 residents located in North Eastern Greece. METHODS Adult patients with first-ever stroke were registered during a 24-month period (2010-2012) and followed up for 12 months. To compare our stroke incidence with that observed in other studies, we standardized our incidence rate data according to the European Standard Population, World Health Organization, and Segi population. We also applied criteria of data quality proposed by the Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease project. Stroke diagnosis and classification were performed using World Health Organization criteria on the basis of neuroimaging and autopsy data. RESULTS We prospectively documented 703 stroke cases (mean age: 75±12 years; 52.8% men; ischemic stroke: 80.8%; intracerebral hemorrhage: 11.8%; subarachnoid hemorrhage: 4.4%; undefined: 3.0%) with a total follow-up time of 119 805 person-years. The unadjusted and European Standard Population-adjusted incidences of all strokes were 586.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 543.4-630.2) and 534.1 (95% CI, 494.6-573.6) per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The unadjusted incidence rates for ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage were 474.1 (95% CI, 435-513), 69.3 (95% CI, 54-84), and 25.9 (95% CI, 17-35) per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The corresponding European Standard Population-adjusted incidence rates per 100 000 person-years were 425.9 (95% CI, 390.9-460.9), 63.3 (95% CI, 49.7-76.9), and 25.8 (95% CI, 16.7-34.9) for ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, respectively. The overall 28-day case fatality rate was 21.3% (95% CI, 18.3%-24.4%) for all strokes and was higher in hemorrhagic strokes than ischemic stroke (40.4%, 95% CI, 31.3%-49.4% versus 16.2%, 95% CI, 13.2%-19.2%). CONCLUSIONS This is the largest to date population-based study in Greece documenting one of the highest stroke incidences ever reported in South Europe, highlighting the need for efficient stroke prevention and treatment strategies in Northeastern Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsivgoulis
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.).
| | - Athanasia Patousi
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
| | - Maria Pikilidou
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
| | - Theodosis Birbilis
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
| | - Michalis Mantatzis
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
| | - Aristeidis Asimis
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
| | - Panagiotis Skendros
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
| | - Aikaterini Terzoudi
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
| | - Aikaterini Karamanli
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
| | - Ioannis Kouroumichakis
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
| | - Pantelis Zebekakis
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
| | - Efstratios Maltezos
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
| | - Charitomeni Piperidou
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
| | - Konstantinos Vadikolias
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
| | - Ioannis Heliopoulos
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., A.P., A.T., A.K., C.P., K.V., I.H.), Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.), Department of Radiology (M.M.), Second Department of Internal Medicine (N.P., I.K., E.M.), and First Department of Internal Medicine (P.S.), University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., A.H.K.); 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Excellence Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (M.P., P.Z.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece (A.H.K.); and Didymoteicho General Hospital, Greece (A.A.)
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Starostka-Tatar A, Łabuz-Roszak B, Skrzypek M, Lasek-Bal A, Gąsior M, Gierlotka M. Characteristics of hospitalizations due to acute stroke in the Silesian Province, Poland, between 2009 and 2015. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2017; 52:252-262. [PMID: 29221869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The available data on acute stroke (AS) in Poland come mainly from non-representative cohorts or are outdated. Therefore, the current study was done to access the most recent data on AS in the industrial region that covers 12% (4.6mln) of the country's population. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the epidemiological data of AS in the Silesian Province, Poland. PATIENTS AND METHODS Analysis of the data from stroke questionnaires, obligatory for all patients hospitalized due to AS and administered by the only public health insurer in Poland (the National Health Fund) between 2009 and 2015 (n=81,193). RESULTS The annual number of hospitalizations due to AS in the analyzed period was between 239 and 259 per 100,000 inhabitants of the Silesian Province. Haemorrhagic stroke constituted 13.3%, ischaemic stroke - 85.5%, and unspecified stroke - 1.2%. The average age of patients was 71.6±12.2 years (M 68.2±11.9, F 74.8±11.9, P<0.05). The mean duration of hospitalization was 17±16 days for haemorrhagic stroke, and 14±11 days for ischaemic stroke. Large-artery atherosclerosis (36.1%) and cardioembolism (18.7%) constituted the main causes of ischaemic stroke. Overall hospital mortality for AS was 18% (haemorrhagic - 40.8%, ischaemic - 14.9%). A decreasing trend in mortality was observed in ischaemic but not in haemorrhagic stroke. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in women than in men (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive long-term analysis of the epidemiological situation related to AS in the industrial region of Poland should encourage further development of educational and treatment programmes for improvement in the health status of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starostka-Tatar
- Department of Neurology, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Beata Łabuz-Roszak
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Michał Skrzypek
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Anetta Lasek-Bal
- Department of Neurology, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Medical Centre of Upper Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Gąsior
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Marek Gierlotka
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland.
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18
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Boulanger M, Al-Shahi Salman R, Kerssens J, Wild SH. Association between diabetes mellitus and incidence of intracerebral haemorrhage and case fatality rates: A retrospective population-based cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19:1193-1197. [PMID: 28296194 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the associations between diabetes (type 1, type 2 or no diabetes) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) incidence as well as case fatality after ICH, in a retrospective cohort study of people aged 40 to 89 years in Scotland during the period 2004 to 2013, using linkage of population-based records of diagnosed diabetes, hospital discharges and deaths. We calculated ICH incidence and 30-day case fatality after hospital admission for ICH, along with their relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), among people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes compared to people without diabetes, adjusting for age, sex and socio-economic status (SES). There were 77, 1275 and 9778 incident ICH events and the case-fatality rate was 44% (95% CI 33, 57), 38% (95% CI 35, 41) and 36% (95% CI 35, 37) in people with type 1, type 2 and without diabetes, respectively. In comparison with absence of diabetes, type 1 diabetes was associated with a higher incidence of ICH (1.74, 95% CI 1.38-2.21) and higher case fatality after ICH (1.35, 95% CI 1.01-1.70), after adjustment for age, sex and SES. The small increases in ICH incidence (1.06, 95% CI 0.99-1.12) and case-fatality (1.04, 95% CI 0.96-1.13) in people with type 2 diabetes compared with people without diabetes were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Boulanger
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, CHU Côte de Nacre, Neurology Service, Caen, France
| | | | - Jan Kerssens
- Information Services Division, NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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19
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Kamp MA, Lieshout JHV, Dibué-Adjei M, Weber JK, Schneider T, Restin T, Fischer I, Steiger HJ. A Systematic and Meta-Analysis of Mortality in Experimental Mouse Models Analyzing Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 8:206-219. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Thrift AG, Thayabaranathan T, Howard G, Howard VJ, Rothwell PM, Feigin VL, Norrving B, Donnan GA, Cadilhac DA. Global stroke statistics. Int J Stroke 2016; 12:13-32. [PMID: 27794138 DOI: 10.1177/1747493016676285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Up to date data on incidence, mortality, and case-fatality for stroke are important for setting the agenda for prevention and healthcare. Aims and/or hypothesis We aim to update the most current incidence and mortality data on stroke available by country, and to expand the scope to case-fatality and explore how registry data might be complementary. Methods Data were compiled using two approaches: (1) an updated literature review building from our previous review and (2) direct acquisition and analysis of stroke events in the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database for each country providing these data. To assess new and/or updated data on incidence, we searched multiple databases to identify new original papers and review articles that met ideal criteria for stroke incidence studies and were published between 15 May 2013 and 31 May 2016. For data on case-fatality, we searched between 1980 and 31 May 2016. We further screened reference lists and citation history of papers to identify other studies not obtained from these sources. Mortality codes for ICD-8, ICD-9, and ICD-10 were extracted. Using population denominators provided for each country, we calculated both the crude mortality from stroke and mortality adjusted to the WHO world population. We used only the most recent year reported to the WHO for which both population and mortality data were available. Results Fifty-one countries had data on stroke incidence, some with data over many time periods, and some with data in more than one region. Since our last review, there were new incidence studies from 12 countries, with four meeting pre-determined quality criteria. In these four studies, the incidence of stroke, adjusted to the WHO World standard population, ranged from 76 per 100,000 population per year in Australia (2009-10) up to 119 per 100,000 population per year in New Zealand (2011-12), with the latter being in those aged at least 15 years. Only in Martinique (2011-12) was the incidence of stroke greater in women than men. In countries either lacking or with old data on stroke incidence, eight had national clinical registries of hospital based data. Of the 128 countries reporting mortality data to the WHO, crude mortality was greatest in Kazhakstan (in 2003), Bulgaria, and Greece. Crude mortality and crude incidence of stroke were both positively correlated with the proportion of the population aged ≥ 65 years, but not with time. Data on case-fatality were available in 42 studies in 22 countries, with large variations between regions. Conclusions In this updated review, we describe the current data on stroke incidence, case-fatality and mortality in different countries, and highlight the growing trend for national clinical registries to provide estimates in lieu of community-based incidence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Thrift
- 1 Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Tharshanah Thayabaranathan
- 1 Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - George Howard
- 2 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Virginia J Howard
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- 4 Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Clinical Neurology), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Valery L Feigin
- 5 National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bo Norrving
- 6 Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- 7 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,8 Neurology Department, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dominique A Cadilhac
- 1 Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,7 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia
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21
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Backes D, Rinkel GJE, Algra A, Vaartjes I, Donker GA, Vergouwen MDI. Increased incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage during cold temperatures and influenza epidemics. J Neurosurg 2016; 125:737-45. [DOI: 10.3171/2015.8.jns151473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
This study investigated whether the increased incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in winter is related to temperature or increased incidence of influenza. Such relationships may elucidate the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysm rupture.
METHODS
A nationwide sample of 18,714 patients with SAH was linked with weekly temperature and influenza-like illness consultation data. Poisson regression analyses were used to calculate incidence density ratios (IDRs) with corresponding 95% CIs for the association of SAH incidence with temperature and influenza epidemics; IDRs were adjusted for study year (aIDR). In addition, SAH incidence data from 30 European population-based studies were linked with daily temperature data from the European Climate Assessment.
RESULTS
The aIDR for SAH during influenza epidemics was 1.061 (95% CI 1.022–1.101) in the univariable and 1.030 (95% CI 0.989–1.074) in the multivariable analysis. This association declined gradually during the weeks after epidemics. Per 1°C temperature drop, the aIDR was 1.005 (95% CI 1.003–1.008) in the univariable and 1.004 (95% CI 1.002–1.007) in the multivariable analysis. In the European population-based studies, the IDR was 1.143 (95% CI 1.129–1.157) per 1°C temperature drop.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of SAH is increased during cold temperatures and epidemic influenza. Future studies with individual patient data are needed to investigate causality between temperature or influenza and SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Backes
- 1Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, and
| | | | - Ale Algra
- 1Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, and
- 2Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht; and
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- 2Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht; and
| | - Gé A. Donker
- 3Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Banerjee TK, Das SK. Fifty years of stroke researches in India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2016; 19:1-8. [PMID: 27011621 PMCID: PMC4782523 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.168631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the stroke incidence in India is much higher than Western industrialized countries. Large vessel intracranial atherosclerosis is the commonest cause of ischemic stroke in India. The common risk factors, that is, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia are quite prevalent and inadequately controlled; mainly because of poor public awareness and inadequate infrastructure. Only a small number of ischemic stroke cases are able to have the benefit of thrombolytic therapy. Benefits from stem cell therapy in established stroke cases are under evaluation. Presently, prevention of stroke is the best option considering the Indian scenario through control and/or avoiding risk factors of stroke. Interventional studies are an important need for this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Kumar Banerjee
- Head of Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shyamal Kumar Das
- Department of Neurology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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Findlay MD, Thomson PC, Fulton RL, Solbu MD, Jardine AG, Patel RK, Stevens KK, Geddes CC, Dawson J, Mark PB. Risk Factors of Ischemic Stroke and Subsequent Outcome in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis. Stroke 2015; 46:2477-81. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.009095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis carries up to a 10-fold greater risk of stroke than normal renal function. Knowledge on risk factors and management strategies derived from the general population may not be applicable to those with ESRD. We studied a large ESRD population to identify risk factors and outcomes for stroke.
Methods—
All adult patients receiving hemodialysis for ESRD from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2012, were extracted from the electronic patient record. Variables associated with stroke were identified by survival analysis; demographic, clinical, imaging, and dialysis-related variables were assessed, and case-fatality was determined. Follow-up was until December 31, 2013.
Results—
A total of 1382 patients were identified (mean age, 60.5 years; 58.5% men). The prevalence of atrial fibrillation was 21.2%, and 59.4% were incident hemodialysis patients. One hundred and sixty patients (11.6%) experienced a stroke during 3471 patient-years of follow-up (95% ischemic). Stroke incidence was 41.5/1000 patient-years in prevalent and 50.1/1000 patient-years in incident hemodialysis patients. Factors associated with stroke on regression analysis were prior stroke, diabetes mellitus, and age at starting renal replacement therapy. Atrial fibrillation was not significantly associated with stroke, and warfarin did not affect stroke risk in warfarin-treated patients. Fatality was 18.8% at 7 days, 26.9% at 28 days, and 56.3% at 365 days after stroke.
Conclusions—
Incidence of stroke is high in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis with high case-fatality. Incident hemodialysis patients had the highest stroke incidence. Many, but not all, important risk factors commonly associated with stroke in the general population were not associated with stroke in patients receiving hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Findlay
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., R.L.F., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., J.D., P.B.M.); and The Glasgow Renal & Transplant Unit, South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., P.C.T., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., C.C.G., P.B.M.)
| | - Peter C. Thomson
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., R.L.F., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., J.D., P.B.M.); and The Glasgow Renal & Transplant Unit, South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., P.C.T., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., C.C.G., P.B.M.)
| | - Rachael L. Fulton
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., R.L.F., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., J.D., P.B.M.); and The Glasgow Renal & Transplant Unit, South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., P.C.T., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., C.C.G., P.B.M.)
| | - Marit D. Solbu
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., R.L.F., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., J.D., P.B.M.); and The Glasgow Renal & Transplant Unit, South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., P.C.T., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., C.C.G., P.B.M.)
| | - Alan G. Jardine
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., R.L.F., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., J.D., P.B.M.); and The Glasgow Renal & Transplant Unit, South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., P.C.T., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., C.C.G., P.B.M.)
| | - Rajan K. Patel
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., R.L.F., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., J.D., P.B.M.); and The Glasgow Renal & Transplant Unit, South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., P.C.T., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., C.C.G., P.B.M.)
| | - Kathryn K. Stevens
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., R.L.F., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., J.D., P.B.M.); and The Glasgow Renal & Transplant Unit, South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., P.C.T., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., C.C.G., P.B.M.)
| | - Colin C. Geddes
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., R.L.F., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., J.D., P.B.M.); and The Glasgow Renal & Transplant Unit, South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., P.C.T., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., C.C.G., P.B.M.)
| | - Jesse Dawson
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., R.L.F., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., J.D., P.B.M.); and The Glasgow Renal & Transplant Unit, South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., P.C.T., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., C.C.G., P.B.M.)
| | - Patrick B. Mark
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., R.L.F., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., J.D., P.B.M.); and The Glasgow Renal & Transplant Unit, South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.D.F., P.C.T., M.D.S., A.G.J., R.K.P., K.K.S., C.C.G., P.B.M.)
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30-Year Trends in Stroke Rates and Outcome in Auckland, New Zealand (1981-2012): A Multi-Ethnic Population-Based Series of Studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134609. [PMID: 26291829 PMCID: PMC4546383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insufficient data exist on population-based trends in morbidity and mortality to determine the success of prevention strategies and improvements in health care delivery in stroke. The aim of this study was to determine trends in incidence and outcome (1-year mortality, 28-day case-fatality) in relation to management and risk factors for stroke in the multi-ethnic population of Auckland, New Zealand (NZ) over 30-years. Methods Four stroke incidence population-based register studies were undertaken in adult residents (aged ≥15 years) of Auckland NZ in 1981–1982, 1991–1992, 2002–2003 and 2011–2012. All used standard World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria and multiple overlapping sources of case-ascertainment for hospitalised and non-hospitalised, fatal and non-fatal, new stroke events. Ethnicity was consistently self-identified into four major groups. Crude and age-adjusted (WHO world population standard) annual incidence and mortality with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated per 100,000 people, assuming a Poisson distribution. Results 5400 new stroke patients were registered in four 12 month recruitment phases over the 30-year study period; 79% were NZ/European, 6% Māori, 8% Pacific people, and 7% were of Asian or other origin. Overall stroke incidence and 1-year mortality decreased by 23% (95% CI 5%-31%) and 62% (95% CI 36%-86%), respectively, from 1981 to 2012. Whilst stroke incidence and mortality declined across all groups in NZ from 1991, Māori and Pacific groups had the slowest rate of decline and continue to experience stroke at a significantly younger age (mean ages 60 and 62 years, respectively) compared with NZ/Europeans (mean age 75 years). There was also a decline in 28-day stroke case fatality (overall by 14%, 95% CI 11%-17%) across all ethnic groups from 1981 to 2012. However, there were significant increases in the frequencies of pre-morbid hypertension, myocardial infarction, and diabetes mellitus, but a reduction in frequency of current smoking among stroke patients. Conclusions In this unique temporal series of studies spanning 30 years, stroke incidence, early case-fatality and 1-year mortality have declined, but ethnic disparities in risk and outcome for stroke persisted suggesting that primary stroke prevention remains crucial to reducing the burden of this disease.
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Thorne K, Williams JG, Akbari A, Roberts SE. The impact of social deprivation on mortality following acute myocardial infarction, stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage: a record linkage study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2015; 15:71. [PMID: 26187051 PMCID: PMC4506594 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-015-0045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of social deprivation on mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is unclear. Our objectives were, firstly, to determine, for each condition, whether there was higher mortality following admission according to social deprivation and secondly, to determine how any higher mortality for deprived groups may be correlated with factors including patient demographics, timing of admission and hospital size. Methods Routinely collected, linked hospital inpatient, mortality and primary care data were analysed for patients admitted as an emergency to hospitals in Wales between 2004 and 2011 with AMI (n = 30,663), stroke (37,888) and SAH (1753). Logistic regression with Bonferroni correction was used to examine, firstly, any significant increases in mortality with social deprivation quintile and, secondly, the influence of patient demographics, timing of admission and hospital characteristics on any higher mortality among the most socially deprived groups. Results Mortality was 14.3 % at 30 days for AMI, 21.4 % for stroke and 35.6 % for SAH. Social deprivation was significantly associated with higher mortality for AMI (25 %; 95 % CI = 12 %, 40 %) higher for quintile V compared with I), stroke (24 %; 14 %, 34 %), and non-significantly for SAH (32 %; −7 %, 87 %). The higher mortality at 30 days with increased social deprivation varied significantly according to patient age for AMI patients and time period for SAH. It was also highest for both AMI and stroke patients, although not significantly for female patients, for admissions on weekdays and during autumn months. Conclusions We have demonstrated a positive association between social deprivation and higher mortality following emergency admissions for both AMI and stroke. The study findings also suggest that the influence of patient demographics, timing of admission and hospital size on social inequalities in mortality are quite similar for AMI and stroke. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12872-015-0045-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kymberley Thorne
- College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - John G Williams
- College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Ashley Akbari
- College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Stephen E Roberts
- College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Associated Risk Factors among Adult Population in the Gulf Region: A Systematic Review. ADVANCES IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/235101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. CVD is a principal cause of mortality and disability globally.Objective. To analyse the epidemiological data on CHD, strokes, and the associated risk factors among adult population in the Gulf countries.Methods. A systematic review of published articles between 1990 and 2014 was conducted.Results. The analysis included 62 relevant studies. The prevalence of CHD was reported to be 5.5% in Saudi Arabia. The annual incidence of strokes ranged from 27.6 to 57 per 100 000 in the Gulf countries with ischaemic stroke being the most common subtype and hypertension and diabetes being the most common risk factors among stroke and ACS patients. The prevalence of overweight and obesity ranged from 31.2% to 43.3% and 22% to 34.1% in males and from 28% to 34.3% and 26.1% to 44% in females, respectively. In males, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes ranged from 26.0% to 50.7% and 9.3% to 46.8%, respectively; in females these ranged from 20.9% to 57.2% and 6% to 53.2%, respectively. The prevalence of inactivity was from 24.3% to 93.9% and 56.7% to 98.1% in males and females, respectively. Relatively more males (13.4% to 37.4%) than females (0.5% to 20.7%) were current smokers. Available data indicate poor dietary habits with high consumption of snacks, fatty foods, sugar, and fast food.Conclusion. Effective preventative strategies and education programs are crucial in the Gulf region to reduce the risk of CVD mortality and morbidity in the coming years.
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Malmivaara A, Meretoja A, Peltola M, Numerato D, Heijink R, Engelfriet P, Wild SH, Belicza É, Bereczki D, Medin E, Goude F, Boncoraglio G, Tatlisumak T, Seppälä T, Häkkinen U. Comparing ischaemic stroke in six European countries. The EuroHOPE register study. Eur J Neurol 2014; 22:284-91, e25-6. [PMID: 25196190 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The incidence of hospitalizations, treatment and case fatality of ischaemic stroke were assessed utilizing a comprehensive multinational database to attempt to compare the healthcare systems in six European countries, aiming also to identify the limitations and make suggestions for future improvements in the between-country comparisons. METHODS National registers of hospital discharges for ischaemic stroke identified by International Classification of Diseases codes 433-434 (ICD-9) and code I63 (ICD-10), medication purchases and mortality were linked at the patient level in each of the participating countries and regions: Finland, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Scotland and Sweden. Patients with an index admission in 2007 were followed for 1 year. RESULTS In all, 64,170 patients with a disease code for ischaemic stroke were identified. The number of patients registered per 100,000 European standard population ranged from 77 in Scotland to 407 in Hungary. Large differences were observed in medication use. The age- and sex-adjusted all-cause case fatality amongst hospitalized patients at 1 year from stroke was highest in Hungary at 31.0% (95% confidence interval 30.5-31.5). Regional differences in age- and sex-adjusted 1-year case fatality within countries were largest in Hungary (range 23.6%-37.6%) and smallest in the Netherlands (20.5%-27.3%). CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to link population-wide register data amongst European countries to describe incidence of hospitalizations, treatment patterns and case fatality of ischaemic stroke on a national level. However, the coverage and validity of administrative register data for ischaemic stroke should be developed further, and population-based and clinical stroke registers should be created to allow better control of case mix.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Malmivaara
- Centre for Health and Social Economics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Thrift AG, Cadilhac DA, Thayabaranathan T, Howard G, Howard VJ, Rothwell PM, Donnan GA. Global stroke statistics. Int J Stroke 2014; 9:6-18. [PMID: 24350870 DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In many countries, stroke is a lower priority than other diseases despite its public health impact. One issue is a lack of readily accessible comparative data to help make the case for the development of national stroke strategies. To assist in this process, we need to have a common repository of the latest published information on the impact of stroke worldwide. We aim to provide a repository of the most current incidence and mortality data on stroke available by country and illustrate the gaps in these data. We plan to update this repository annually and expand the scope to address other aspects of the burden of stroke. Data were compiled using two approaches: (1) an extensive literature review with a major focus on published systematic reviews on stroke incidence (between 1980 and May 14, 2013); and (2) direct acquisition and collation of data from the World Health Organization to present the most current estimates of stroke mortality for each country recognized by the World Health Organization. For mortality, ICD8, ICD9, and ICD10 mortality codes were extracted. Using population denominators crude stroke mortality was calculated, as well as adjusting for the World Health Organization world population. We used only the most recent year reported to the World Health Organization. Incidence rates for stroke were available for 52 countries, with some countries having incidence studies undertaken in more than one region. When adjusted to the World Health Organization world standard population, incidence rates for stroke ranged from 41 per 100 000 population per year in Nigeria (1971-74) to 316/ 100 000/year in urban Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania). Some regions had three to fivefold greater incidence than other countries. Of the 123 countries reporting mortality data, crude mortality was greatest in Kazhakstan (in 2003). In many regions data were very old or nonexistent. Such country-level data are important for citizens, clinicians, and policy makers so that local and global strategies to reduce the overall burden of stroke can be implemented. Through this first annual review of country-specific stroke epidemiology, we hope to promote discussion and provide insights into the worldwide burden of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Thrift
- Department of Medicine, Stroke and Ageing Research Centre, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
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Suzuki K, Izumi M. The incidence of hemorrhagic stroke in Japan is twice compared with western countries: the Akita stroke registry. Neurol Sci 2014; 36:155-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Prise en charge des pathologies réanimatoires et chirurgicales au cours des futures missions d’exploration spatiale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-014-0899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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McArthur K, Dawson J, Walters M. What is it with the weather and stroke? Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 10:243-9. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Correia M, Magalhães R, Silva MR, Matos I, Silva MC. Stroke types in rural and urban northern portugal: incidence and 7-year survival in a community-based study. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2013; 3:137-49. [PMID: 24348498 PMCID: PMC3843922 DOI: 10.1159/000354851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Differences in stroke incidence and mortality between regions could stem from differences in the incidence of particular stroke types and long-term prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether different risk profiles and stroke types underlie the difference in stroke incidence and patient long-term survival in rural and urban populations. METHODS All suspected first-ever-in-a-lifetime strokes occurring between October 1998 and September 2000 in 37,290 residents of rural municipalities and in 86,023 individuals living in the city of Porto were entered into a population-based registry. Standard definitions of stroke types and overlapping comprehensive sources of information were used for patient identification. Patients were examined by neurologists at 3 months, 1 year and 7 years after the index event. RESULTS From a total of 688 patients included (226 in rural and 462 in urban areas), 76.2% had an ischaemic stroke (IS; 75.3 vs. 77.9%), 16.1% a primary intracerebral haemorrhage (PICH; 16.3 vs. 14.6%) and 3.3% a subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH; 2.7 vs. 3.7%); in 4.4% (4.9 vs. 4.1%), the stroke type could not be determined. The annual incidence rate per 1,000 was 2.13 (95% CI, 1.95-2.31), 0.45 (95% CI, 0.37-0.53), 0.09 (95% CI, 0.06-0.14) and 0.12 (95% CI, 0.08-0.17), respectively. The age-specific rural/urban incidence rate ratios for IS in the youngest group (<55 years) was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.11-0.69), increasing to 1.47 (95% CI, 1.07-2.01) for those aged 65-74 years and to 1.87 (95% CI, 1.39-2.52) for those between 75 and 84 years. Rural compared to urban patients with an IS were predominantly men, had a prevalence ratio (PR) of 1.28 (95% CI, 1.05-1.56), were 65 years or older (PR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.08-1.30) and had in general a lower prevalence of risk factors. There was no evidence of rural/urban differences in 28-day case fatality for the stroke types, although IS tended to be less fatal among urban patients (10.3 vs. 13.1%), whereas PICH (33.3 vs. 24.2%) and SAH (35.3 vs. 16.7%) were less fatal among rural patients. Independently of rural/urban residence, predictors of poor survival after the acute phase (28 days) were age >65 years (HR = 3.57; 95% CI, 2.6-4.9), diabetes (HR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.9), ischaemic heart disease (HR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.6), atrial fibrillation (HR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.0) and smoking habits (HR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.3). CONCLUSIONS The age pattern of IS incidence marks the difference between rural and urban populations; the youngest urban and the oldest rural residents were at a higher risk. Although patients from rural areas were older, the relatively lower prevalence of simultaneously occurring risk and prognostic factors among them as well as the similar management of rural and urban patients may justify why rurality is not associated with long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Correia
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal ; UNIFAI, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Magalhães
- UNIFAI, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Rui Silva
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de S. Pedro - Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Mirandela, Portugal
| | - Ilda Matos
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Mirandela - Centro Hospitalar do Nordeste, Mirandela, Portugal
| | - Maria Carolina Silva
- UNIFAI, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Radak D, Resanovic I, Isenovic ER. Changes in Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Following Transient Ischemic Attack. Angiology 2013; 65:723-32. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319713503487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute brain ischemia caused by transient ischemic attack initiates a complex sequence of events in the central nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis which may ultimately culminate in neuronal and cell damage. The brain is highly susceptible to ischemia and in response to stress shows changes in morphology and chemistry that are largely reversible. These responses are known to modify the function of the HPA axis, but their mechanisms are not yet clear. Duration and size of the HPA axis activation are regulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone, vasopressin (AVP), and glucocorticoids, including cortisol. Numerous studies suggest that activation of these hormones following brain ischemia can result in neurohormonal dysfunction that can exacerbate long-term prognosis following stroke. These studies represent evidence that changes in the HPA axis play an important role in brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djordje Radak
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Resanovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute Vinca, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute Vinca, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Marwick TH, Scuffham PA, Hunink MM. Selection for early surgery in asymptomatic mitral regurgitation: A Markov model. Int J Cardiol 2013; 165:266-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gada H, Desai MY, Marwick TH. Cost-Effectiveness of Computed Tomographic Angiography Before Reoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2012; 5:705-10. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.112.966465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemal Gada
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Milind Y. Desai
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Thomas H. Marwick
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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37
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Gada H, Agarwal S, Marwick TH. Perspective on the cost-effectiveness of transapical aortic valve implantation in high-risk patients: Outcomes of a decision-analytic model. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 1:145-55. [PMID: 23977485 PMCID: PMC3741749 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2225-319x.2012.06.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incremental cost-effectiveness of transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is ill-defined in high-risk patients where aortic valve replacement (AVR) is an option, and has not been ascertained outside a randomized controlled trial. METHODS We developed a Markov model to examine the progression of patients between health states, defined as peri- and post-procedural, post-complication, and death. The mean and variance of risks, transition probabilities, utilities and cost of transapical TAVI, high-risk AVR, and medical management were derived from analysis of relevant registries. Outcome and cost were derived from 10,000 simulations. Sensitivity analyses further evaluated the impact of mortality, stroke, and other commonly observed outcomes. RESULTS In the reference case, both transapical TAVI and high-risk AVR and TAVI were cost-effective when compared to medical management ($44,384/QALY and $42,637/QALY, respectively). Transapical TAVI failed to meet accepted criteria for incremental cost-effectiveness relative to AVR, which was the dominant strategy. In sensitivity analyses, the mortality rates related to the two strategies, the utilities post-AVR and post-transapical TAVI, and the cost of transapical TAVI, were the main drivers of model outcome. CONCLUSION Transapical TAVI did not satisfy current metrics of incremental cost-effectiveness relative to high-risk AVR in the reference case. However, it may provide net health benefits at acceptable cost in selected high-risk patients among whom AVR is the standard intervention.
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Sposato LA, Saposnik G. Gross Domestic Product and Health Expenditure Associated With Incidence, 30-Day Fatality, and Age at Stroke Onset. Stroke 2012; 43:170-7. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.111.632158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano A. Sposato
- From the Vascular Research Institute at INECO Foundation (L.A.S.), Department of Neurology at INECO, Stroke Center at the Institute of Neurosciences, University Hospital, Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and the Stroke Outcomes Research Center (G.S.), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Departments of Medicine and Health Policy Management and Evaluation (HPME) and the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gustavo Saposnik
- From the Vascular Research Institute at INECO Foundation (L.A.S.), Department of Neurology at INECO, Stroke Center at the Institute of Neurosciences, University Hospital, Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and the Stroke Outcomes Research Center (G.S.), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Departments of Medicine and Health Policy Management and Evaluation (HPME) and the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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de Carvalho JJF, Alves MB, Viana GÁA, Machado CB, dos Santos BFC, Kanamura AH, Lottenberg CL, Neto MC, Silva GS. Stroke Epidemiology, Patterns of Management, and Outcomes in Fortaleza, Brazil. Stroke 2011; 42:3341-6. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.111.626523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Little information exists on the epidemiology and patterns of treatment of patients admitted to Brazilian hospitals with stroke. Our objective was to describe the frequency of risk factors, patterns of management, and outcome of patients admitted with stroke in Fortaleza, the fifth largest city in Brazil.
Methods—
Data were prospectively collected from consecutive patients admitted to 19 hospitals in Fortaleza with a diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack from June 2009 to October 2010.
Results—
We evaluated 2407 consecutive patients (mean age, 67.7±14.4 years; 51.8% females). Ischemic stroke was the most frequent subtype (72.9%) followed by intraparenchymal hemorrhage (15.2%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (6.0%), transient ischemic attack (3%), and undetermined stroke (2.9%). The median time from symptoms onset to hospital admission was 12.9 (3.8–32.5) hours. Hypertension was the most common risk factor. Only 1.1% of the patients with ischemic stroke received thrombolysis. The median time from hospital admission to neuroimaging was 3.4 (1.2–26.5) hours. In-hospital mortality was 20.9% and the frequency of modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 at discharge was less than 30%. Older age, prestroke disability, and having a depressed level of consciousness at admission were independent predictors of poor outcome; conversely, male gender was a predictor of good outcome.
Conclusions—
The prevalence of stroke risk factors and clinical presentation in our cohort were similar to previous series. Treatment with thrombolysis and functional independency after a stroke admission were infrequent. We also found long delays in hospital admission and in evaluation with neuroimaging and high in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- João José Freitas de Carvalho
- From the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (J.J.F.d.C.), Fortaleza, Brazil, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (M.B.A., B.F.C.d.S., A.H.K., C.L.L., M.C.N., G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Health (G.A.A.V., C.B.M.), State of Ceará, Brazil; and Federal University of São Paulo (G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monique Bueno Alves
- From the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (J.J.F.d.C.), Fortaleza, Brazil, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (M.B.A., B.F.C.d.S., A.H.K., C.L.L., M.C.N., G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Health (G.A.A.V., C.B.M.), State of Ceará, Brazil; and Federal University of São Paulo (G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georgiana Álvares Andrade Viana
- From the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (J.J.F.d.C.), Fortaleza, Brazil, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (M.B.A., B.F.C.d.S., A.H.K., C.L.L., M.C.N., G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Health (G.A.A.V., C.B.M.), State of Ceará, Brazil; and Federal University of São Paulo (G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cícera Borges Machado
- From the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (J.J.F.d.C.), Fortaleza, Brazil, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (M.B.A., B.F.C.d.S., A.H.K., C.L.L., M.C.N., G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Health (G.A.A.V., C.B.M.), State of Ceará, Brazil; and Federal University of São Paulo (G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bento Fortunato Cardoso dos Santos
- From the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (J.J.F.d.C.), Fortaleza, Brazil, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (M.B.A., B.F.C.d.S., A.H.K., C.L.L., M.C.N., G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Health (G.A.A.V., C.B.M.), State of Ceará, Brazil; and Federal University of São Paulo (G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Hideki Kanamura
- From the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (J.J.F.d.C.), Fortaleza, Brazil, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (M.B.A., B.F.C.d.S., A.H.K., C.L.L., M.C.N., G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Health (G.A.A.V., C.B.M.), State of Ceará, Brazil; and Federal University of São Paulo (G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Luiz Lottenberg
- From the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (J.J.F.d.C.), Fortaleza, Brazil, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (M.B.A., B.F.C.d.S., A.H.K., C.L.L., M.C.N., G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Health (G.A.A.V., C.B.M.), State of Ceará, Brazil; and Federal University of São Paulo (G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Cendoroglo Neto
- From the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (J.J.F.d.C.), Fortaleza, Brazil, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (M.B.A., B.F.C.d.S., A.H.K., C.L.L., M.C.N., G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Health (G.A.A.V., C.B.M.), State of Ceará, Brazil; and Federal University of São Paulo (G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Sampaio Silva
- From the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (J.J.F.d.C.), Fortaleza, Brazil, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (M.B.A., B.F.C.d.S., A.H.K., C.L.L., M.C.N., G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Health (G.A.A.V., C.B.M.), State of Ceará, Brazil; and Federal University of São Paulo (G.S.S.), São Paulo, Brazil
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Gada H, Scuffham PA, Griffin B, Marwick TH. Quality-of-Life Implications of Immediate Surgery and Watchful Waiting in Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2011; 4:541-8. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.111.961839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Traditional management of severe aortic stenosis (AS) is based on delay in aortic valve replacement (AVR) until the development of symptoms. Surgery for asymptomatic AS has been proposed to reduce the small risk of sudden death before AVR and avoid heart failure (HF) after AVR. Because a trial to compare these options is unlikely, we developed a Markov model to inform the choice between immediate surgery and watchful waiting in asymptomatic AS.
Methods and Results—
We defined health states as preoperative, postoperative, postcomplication, and death. We calculated the implications of watchful waiting, tissue and mechanical AVR-based on risks, transitions, utilities, and cost derived from literature review. Further analyses evaluated situations thought to favor immediate surgery and watchful waiting. Sensitivity analyses were based on the likelihood of preoperative death and HF in follow-up. In the reference case (age, 65 years; post-AVR utility, 0.9; annualized pre-AVR mortality, 1%; and post-AVR HF, 11.3%), the utility of watchful waiting was superior to that of immediate mechanical or tissue AVR (quality-adjusted life-years, 7.4 versus 5.3 versus 5.3, respectively), and the cost was less than immediate surgery. Sensitivity analyses showed immediate surgery was not likely to be more effective regardless of the yearly probability of post-AVR HF in the watchful waiting group (range, 0% to 80%). Immediate surgery was likely to be effective when pre-AVR annual mortality reached 13%.
Conclusions—
Immediate surgery in asymptomatic severe AS does not improve outcomes unless risk of sudden death pre-AVR and HF after AVR are higher than currently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemal Gada
- From the Cleveland Clinic (H.G., B.G., T.H.M.), Cleveland, OH; and Griffith University (P.A.S.), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul A. Scuffham
- From the Cleveland Clinic (H.G., B.G., T.H.M.), Cleveland, OH; and Griffith University (P.A.S.), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brian Griffin
- From the Cleveland Clinic (H.G., B.G., T.H.M.), Cleveland, OH; and Griffith University (P.A.S.), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas H. Marwick
- From the Cleveland Clinic (H.G., B.G., T.H.M.), Cleveland, OH; and Griffith University (P.A.S.), Brisbane, Australia
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Griffiths D, Sturm J. Epidemiology and etiology of young stroke. Stroke Res Treat 2011; 2011:209370. [PMID: 21789269 PMCID: PMC3140048 DOI: 10.4061/2011/209370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Stroke in people under 45 years of age is less frequent than in older populations but has a major impact on the individual and society. In this article we provide an overview of the epidemiology and etiology of young stroke. Methods. This paper is based on a review of population-based studies on stroke incidence that have included subgroup analyses for patients under 45 years of age, as well as smaller community-based studies and case-series specifically examining the incidence of stroke in the young. Trends are discussed along with the relative frequencies of various etiologies. Discussion. Stroke in the young requires a different approach to investigation and management than stroke in the elderly given differences in the relative frequencies of possible underlying causes. It remains the case, however, that atherosclerosis contributes to a large proportion of stroke in young patients, thus, conventional risk factors must be targeted aggressively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna Griffiths
- Department of Neurology, Gosford Hospital, P.O. Box 361, Gosford, NSW 2250, Australia
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Addo J, Bhalla A, Crichton S, Rudd AG, McKevitt C, Wolfe CDA. Provision of acute stroke care and associated factors in a multiethnic population: prospective study with the South London Stroke Register. BMJ 2011; 342:d744. [PMID: 21349892 PMCID: PMC3044771 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate time trends in receipt of effective acute stroke care and to determine the factors associated with provision of care. DESIGN Population based stroke register. SETTING South London. PARTICIPANTS 3800 patients with first ever ischaemic stroke or primary intracerebral haemorrhage registered between January 1995 and December 2009. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Acute care interventions, admission to hospital, care on a stroke unit, acute drugs, and inequalities in access to care. RESULTS Between 2007 and 2009, 5% (33/620) of patients were still not admitted to a hospital after an acute stroke, particularly those with milder strokes, and 21% (124/584) of patients admitted to hospital were not admitted to a stroke unit. Rates of admission to stroke units and brain imaging, between 1995 and 2009, and for thrombolysis, between 2005 and 2009, increased significantly (P<0.001). Black patients compared with white patients had a significantly increased odds of admission to a stroke unit (odds ratio 1.76, 95% confidence interval 1.35 to 2.29, P<0.001) and of receipt of occupational therapy or physiotherapy (1.90, 1.21 to 2.97, P=0.01), independent of age or stroke severity. Patients with motor or swallowing deficits were also more likely to be admitted to a stroke unit (1.52, 1.12 to 2.06, P=0.001 and 1.32, 1.02 to 1.72, P<0.001, respectively). Length of stay in hospital decreased significantly between 1995 and 2009 (P<0.001). The odds of brain imaging were lowest in patients aged 75 or more years (P=0.004) and those of lower socioeconomic status (P<0.001). The likelihood of those with a functional deficit receiving rehabilitation increased significantly over time (P<0.001). Patients aged 75 or more were more likely to receive occupational therapy or physiotherapy (P=0.002). CONCLUSION Although the receipt of effective acute stroke care improved between 1995 and 2009, inequalities in its provision were significant, and implementation of evidence based care was not optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Addo
- King's College London, Division of Health and Social Care Research, London, UK.
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Lee S, Shafe ACE, Cowie MR. UK stroke incidence, mortality and cardiovascular risk management 1999-2008: time-trend analysis from the General Practice Research Database. BMJ Open 2011; 1:e000269. [PMID: 22021893 PMCID: PMC3211058 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate secular trends in stroke across the UK. DESIGN This study aimed to investigate recent trends in the epidemiology of stroke in the UK. The study was a time-trend analysis from 1999 to 2008 within the UK General Practice Research Database. Outcome measures were incidence and prevalence of stroke, stroke mortality, rate of secondary cardiovascular events, and prescribing of pharmacological therapy for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS The study cohort included 32,151 patients with a first stroke. Stroke incidence fell by 30%, from 1.48/1000 person-years in 1999 to 1.04/1000 person-years in 2008 (p<0.001). Stroke prevalence increased by 12.5%, from 6.40/1000 in 1999 to 7.20/1000 in 2008 (p<0.001). 56-day mortality after first stroke reduced from 21% in 1999 to 12% in 2008 (p<0.0001). Prescribing of drugs to control cardiovascular risk factors increased consistently over the study period, particularly for lipid lowering agents and antihypertensive agents. In patients with atrial fibrillation, use of anticoagulants prior to first stroke did not increase with increasing stroke risk. CONCLUSION Stroke incidence in the UK has decreased and survival after stroke has improved in the past 10 years. Improved drug treatment in primary care is likely to be a major contributor to this, with better control of risk factors both before and after incident stroke. There is, however, scope for further improvement in risk factor reduction in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Lee
- MAPOR, Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
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Zhao Y, Yao Z, D'Souza W, Zhu C, Chun H, Zhuoga C, Zhang Q, Hu X, Zhou D. An Epidemiological Survey of Stroke in Lhasa, Tibet, China. Stroke 2010; 41:2739-43. [PMID: 20966420 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.586669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
There have not been any new epidemiological studies related to stroke in Tibet for 20 years. This study aimed to collect stroke data from The City Staff Medical Insurance Registry in Lhasa, Tibet, to describe the incidence, clinical subtypes, and associated risk factors of stroke.
Methods—
We used retrospective, population-based descriptive analysis of all urban and rural workers in the City Staff Medical Insurance Registry who were admitted to designated hospitals from October 2006 to October 2008. Stroke was defined by the International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 coded from hospital records.
Results—
Workers (81 298) were listed in the City Staff Medical Insurance Registry. Stroke patients (165) were included in the study, with 133 being first-ever patients. The age-standardized incidence rate was 88.725/100 000 per year (95% CI, 72.228–105.221), and mortality rate was 25.941/100 000 per year (95% CI, 16.416–35.466). The case fatality rate was 21.82%. Seventeen of the 133 patients (12.8%) were <45 years of age. Stroke incidence rate was higher in ethnic Han patients than ethnic Tibetan patients. The most common subtype was cerebral infarction, and the most important risk factor was hypertension.
Conclusion—
Since the last study 20 years ago in Lhasa, stroke remains the primary fatal disease for the elderly, and its occurrence at younger ages is higher in Lhasa than in other areas of China. However, the annual incidence rate and mortality rate have decreased. The annual incidence rate is at a similar level to that in other parts of China. The primary subtype of stroke in Lhasa is cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhao
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.Z., Z.Y., C.Z., Q.Z., D.Z.), West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Medicine (W.D.), St Vincent’s Hospital and Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Health Statistics (C.Z.), West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Tibet (H.C.), Lhasa, Tibet, China; People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region (Y.Z., X.H.), Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Zhiping Yao
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.Z., Z.Y., C.Z., Q.Z., D.Z.), West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Medicine (W.D.), St Vincent’s Hospital and Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Health Statistics (C.Z.), West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Tibet (H.C.), Lhasa, Tibet, China; People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region (Y.Z., X.H.), Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Wendyl D'Souza
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.Z., Z.Y., C.Z., Q.Z., D.Z.), West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Medicine (W.D.), St Vincent’s Hospital and Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Health Statistics (C.Z.), West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Tibet (H.C.), Lhasa, Tibet, China; People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region (Y.Z., X.H.), Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Cairong Zhu
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.Z., Z.Y., C.Z., Q.Z., D.Z.), West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Medicine (W.D.), St Vincent’s Hospital and Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Health Statistics (C.Z.), West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Tibet (H.C.), Lhasa, Tibet, China; People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region (Y.Z., X.H.), Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Hua Chun
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.Z., Z.Y., C.Z., Q.Z., D.Z.), West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Medicine (W.D.), St Vincent’s Hospital and Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Health Statistics (C.Z.), West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Tibet (H.C.), Lhasa, Tibet, China; People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region (Y.Z., X.H.), Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Cidan Zhuoga
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.Z., Z.Y., C.Z., Q.Z., D.Z.), West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Medicine (W.D.), St Vincent’s Hospital and Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Health Statistics (C.Z.), West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Tibet (H.C.), Lhasa, Tibet, China; People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region (Y.Z., X.H.), Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.Z., Z.Y., C.Z., Q.Z., D.Z.), West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Medicine (W.D.), St Vincent’s Hospital and Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Health Statistics (C.Z.), West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Tibet (H.C.), Lhasa, Tibet, China; People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region (Y.Z., X.H.), Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Xuejun Hu
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.Z., Z.Y., C.Z., Q.Z., D.Z.), West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Medicine (W.D.), St Vincent’s Hospital and Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Health Statistics (C.Z.), West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Tibet (H.C.), Lhasa, Tibet, China; People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region (Y.Z., X.H.), Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.Z., Z.Y., C.Z., Q.Z., D.Z.), West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Medicine (W.D.), St Vincent’s Hospital and Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Health Statistics (C.Z.), West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Tibet (H.C.), Lhasa, Tibet, China; People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region (Y.Z., X.H.), Lhasa, Tibet, China
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Flynn RWV, MacDonald TM, Murray GD, Ferguson C, Shah K, Doney ASF. The Tayside Stroke Cohort: exploiting advanced regional medical informatics to create a region-wide database for studying the pharmacoepidemiology of stroke. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010; 19:737-44. [PMID: 20583205 DOI: 10.1002/pds.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Observational studies can provide valuable information where data from randomised controlled trials is lacking. We aimed to generate a region-wide longitudinal register of stroke patients using record-linkage of existing clinical and research datasets. METHODS The population were residents of Tayside, Scotland from 1994-2005. Stroke cases were identified from hospital inpatient admission records, death certificates and prescribing data. These were augmented with data derived from free-text CT-brain scan reports. Strokes were classified as intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) or ischaemic stroke (IS). The methodology was validated by audit of patient case-records. The incidence was calculated using direct standardisation to the standard European population for ages 45-84. Twenty-eight day case-fatality rates were calculated as percentages. RESULTS There were 12 620 all-cause incident strokes (ICH 1057; SAH 511; IS 6257; undetermined 4795). Standardised incidences per 100 000 by subtypes of stroke were: ICH 35 (95%CI 33-38), SAH 19 (17-22) and IS 210 (205-217). The 28-day case-fatality rates were: ICH 49% (95%CI 46-52), SAH 38% (34-43) and IS 19% (18-20). Comparisons with previous studies were favourable for ICH and SAH. For IS the incidence was lower and fatality rate higher than elsewhere. Three hundred and three sets of patient case records were audited. The positive predictive value (PPV) for identifying cases of stroke was 94.7% (95%CI 91.6-96.7). CONCLUSIONS The case ascertainment in the TSC compares favourably to established stroke cohorts. This cost effective resource can now be linked with multiple other clinical and research datasets in Tayside to further understanding of stroke and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W V Flynn
- Medicines Monitoring Unit, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
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Bhatnagar P, Scarborough P, Smeeton NC, Allender S. The incidence of all stroke and stroke subtype in the United Kingdom, 1985 to 2008: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:539. [PMID: 20825664 PMCID: PMC2944372 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is considerable geographic variation in stroke mortality around the United Kingdom (UK). Whether this is due to geographical differences in incidence or case-fatality is unclear. We conducted a systematic review of high-quality studies documenting the incidence of any stroke and stroke subtypes, between 1985 and 2008 in the UK. We aimed to study geographic and temporal trends in relation to equivalent mortality trends. Methods MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched, reference lists inspected and authors of included papers were contacted. All rates were standardised to the European Standard Population for those over 45, and between 45 and 74 years. Stroke mortality rates for the included areas were then calculated to produce rate ratios of stroke mortality to incidence for each location. Results Five papers were included in this review. Geographic variation was narrow but incidence appeared to largely mirror mortality rates for all stroke. For men over 45, incidence (and confidence intervals) per 100,000 ranged from 124 (109-141) in South London, to 185 (164-208) in Scotland. For men, premature (45-74 years) stroke incidence per 100,000 ranged from 79 (67-94) in the North West, to 112 (95-132) in Scotland. Stroke subtype data was more geographically restricted, but did suggest there is no sizeable variation in incidence by subtype around the country. Only one paper, based in South London, had data on temporal trends. This showed that there has been a decline in stroke incidence since the mid 1990 s. This could not be compared to any other locations in this review. Conclusions Geographic variations in stroke incidence appear to mirror variations in mortality rates. This suggests policies to reduce inequalities in stroke mortality should be directed at risk factor profiles rather than treatment after a first incident event. More high quality stroke incidence data from around the UK are needed before this can be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Bhatnagar
- Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
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Harrison JK, Sloan B, Dawson J, Lees KR, Morrison DS. The ABCD and ABCD2 as predictors of stroke in transient ischemic attack clinic outpatients: a retrospective cohort study over 14 years. QJM 2010; 103:679-85. [PMID: 20601651 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcq108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ABCD and ABCD2 scores have been validated for use as predictors of stroke in community populations up to 90 days after a transient ischemic attack (TIA). TIA outpatient clinics may see a selective group of patients who have not had an early stroke but may be at raised risk in the medium to long term and therefore benefit from preventive treatment. AIM To describe the prognostic values of the ABCD and ABCD2 scores on long-term stroke risk. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of TIA clinic outpatients followed for up to 14 years. METHODS Absolute and relative stroke risks, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and cumulative stroke incidence were calculated. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (ROCs) and areas under the curve were calculated for both scores. RESULTS Seven hundred and ninety-five patients were included and 138 (17.3%) experienced a stroke within 13.8 years follow-up after first TIA clinic visit, a crude risk of 26.3 per 1000 person-years. Compared with baseline scores of 0-2, risk ratios for ABCD of 3-4 were 2.95 (95% CI 1.52-6.40), and for 5-6 were 3.42 (95% CI 1.72-7.54); for the ABCD2, risk ratios for 3-4 were 2.68 (95% CI 1.37-5.84), and for 5-7 were 3.55 (95% CI 1.80-7.79). Scores of > or = 3 for either ABCD or ABCD2 predicted raised stroke risks at 90 days, 1, 5 and 10 years. Areas under the curve were 0.619 (95% CI 0.571-0.668) and 0.630 (95% CI 0.582-0.677) for the ABCD and ABCD2 scores, respectively. CONCLUSION ABCD and ABCD2 scores of > or = 3 may be clinically useful in identifying TIA outpatients at raised risk of stroke in the medium to long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Harrison
- Division of Community Based Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK
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48
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Automated data capture from free-text radiology reports to enhance accuracy of hospital inpatient stroke codes. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010; 19:843-7. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Lovelock CE, Rinkel GJE, Rothwell PM. Time trends in outcome of subarachnoid hemorrhage: Population-based study and systematic review. Neurology 2010; 74:1494-501. [PMID: 20375310 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181dd42b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has changed substantially over the last 25 years but there is a lack of reliable population-based data on whether case-fatality or functional outcomes have improved. METHODS We determined changes in the standardized incidence and outcome of SAH in the same population between 1981 and 1986 (Oxford Community Stroke Project) and 2002 and 2008 (Oxford Vascular Study). In a meta-analysis with other population-based studies, we used linear regression to determine time trends in outcome. RESULTS There were no reductions in incidence of SAH (RR = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48-1.29, p = 0.34) and in 30-day case-fatality (RR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.39-1.13, p = 0.14) in the Oxford Vascular Study vs Oxford Community Stroke Project, but there was a decrease in overall mortality (RR = 0.47, 0.23-0.97, p = 0.04). Following adjustment for age and baseline SAH severity, patients surviving to hospital had reduced risk of death or dependency (modified Rankin score > 3) at 12 months in the Oxford Vascular Study (RR = 0.51, 0.29-0.88, p = 0.01). Among 32 studies covering 39 study periods from 1980 to 2005, 7 studied time trends within single populations. Unadjusted case-fatality fell by 0.9% per annum (0.3-1.5, p = 0.007) in a meta-analysis of data from all studies, and by 0.9% per annum (0.2-1.6%, p = 0.01) within the 7 population studies. CONCLUSION Mortality due to subarachnoid hemorrhage fell by about 50% in our study population over the last 2 decades, due mainly to improved outcomes in cases surviving to reach hospital. This improvement is consistent with a significant decrease in case-fatality over the last 25 years in our pooled analysis of other similar population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Lovelock
- University Department of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Manobianca G, Zoccolella S, Petruzzellis A, Miccoli A, Logroscino G. The incidence of major stroke subtypes in southern Italy: a population-based study. Eur J Neurol 2010; 17:1148-1155. [PMID: 20298424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.02983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke is characterized by well-defined clinical major subtypes, but there are few studies on incidence rates, aetiologies and outcomes in population-based setting. We assessed the age/sex incidence of the major stroke subtypes in a region of Southern Italy. METHODS We established a multisource, prospective population-based register in Puglia, Southern Italy to identify all residents with a first-ever stroke between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2002. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-seven first-ever strokes were diagnosed, and stroke subtype was defined in 119 cases. The incidence rates per 100 000 adjusted to the European population (AEP) were 112 for cerebral infarction (CI), 30 for intracerebral haemorrhage (IH), four for subarachnoid haemorrhage (SH) and nine for undetermined stroke (US). The incidence rates for CI, IH and US approximately doubled with each decade of life and were higher in men. AEP incidence rates for CI in the age groups 45-84 were lower compared to other studies, whilst the corresponding rates for IH were higher. CONCLUSIONS This population had a lower incidence of CI compared to other population-based studies from Northern Europe and the United States. Furthermore, with the projected increase in the segment of the very old in the general population, our data indicate that both CI and IH will dramatically increase in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manobianca
- Department of Neurology, Hospital F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari
| | - S Zoccolella
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Medical and Neurological Sciences, Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia
| | - A Petruzzellis
- Department of Neurology, Hospital F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari
| | - A Miccoli
- Department of Neurology, Hospital F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari
| | - G Logroscino
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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