1
|
Loffredo L, Soresina A, Cinicola BL, Capponi M, Salvatori F, Bartimoccia S, Picchio V, Forte M, Caputi C, Poscia R, Leuzzi V, Spalice A, Pignatelli P, Badolato R, Duse M, Violi F, Carnevale R, Zicari AM. Impaired arterial dilation and increased NOX2 generated oxidative stress in subjects with ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase. Redox Biol 2024; 77:103347. [PMID: 39326070 PMCID: PMC11466602 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with mutations in the Ataxia-Telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene encoding for ATM kinase have a greater predisposition to develop atherosclerosis, but the mechanism behind this phenomenon is not yet understood. NADPH oxidase type 2 may play a role in this process, leading to endothelial dysfunction and an increased susceptibility to thrombosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the redox state in individuals with ATM mutations and determine its impact on endothelial function. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, twenty-seven children with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) (13 males and 14 females, mean age 15.1 ± 7.6 years) were compared with 27 controls (13 males and 14 females, mean age 14.6 ± 8.4 years) matched for age and gender. Additionally, 29 AT parents with heterozygous mutation of ATM (h-ATM) gene, and 29 age- and gender-matched controls were included. Endothelial function was evaluated through brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and the assessment of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring serum activity of soluble NOX2-dp (sNOX2-dp), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, and hydrogen breakdown activity (HBA). Thrombus formation was assessed through the Total Thrombus Formation Analysis System (T-TAS). RESULTS AT children and parents with heterozygous ATM mutations exhibited significantly lower FMD, HBA, and NO bioavailability as compared to age and gender matched controls. AT children and ATM carrier of heterozygous ATM mutations had significantly higher concentrations of sNOX2-dp and H2O2 as compared to controls. Compared to the respective controls, AT children and their parents, who carried heterozygous ATM mutation, showed an accelerated thrombus growth as revealed by reduced occlusion time. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that sNOX2 (standardized coefficient β: -0.296; SE: 0.044; p = 0.002) and NO bioavailability (standardized coefficient β: 0.224; SE: 0.065; p = 0.02) emerged as the only independent predictive variables associated with FMD (R2: 0.44). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that individuals with ATM mutations experience endothelial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and elevated thrombus formation. These factors collectively contribute to the heightened susceptibility of these individuals to develop atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Annarosa Soresina
- Pediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Bianca Laura Cinicola
- Department of Maternal, Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Capponi
- Department of Maternal, Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Salvatori
- Department of Maternal, Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | | | | | - Caterina Caputi
- Department of Human Neuroscience - Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Poscia
- Clinical Research Unit, AOU Policlinico Umberto I- Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience - Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Spalice
- Department of Maternal, Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Badolato
- Pediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marzia Duse
- Department of Maternal, Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zicari
- Department of Maternal, Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Loffredo L, Carnevale R, Pannunzio A, Cinicola BL, Palumbo IM, Bartimoccia S, Nocella C, Cammisotto V, Violi F, Biondi-Zoccai G, Frati G, Zicari AM. Impact of heat-not-burn cigarette passive smoking on children's oxidative stress, endothelial and platelet function. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123304. [PMID: 38295930 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Growing global use of heat-not-burn cigarettes (HNBC) prompts investigation. Prior studies assessed HNBC's effects on cardiovascular health, revealing heightened oxidative stress, platelet activation, and endothelial dysfunction. However, limited understanding exists regarding passive smoking's impact on children exposed to HNBC. This study aims to assess levels of oxidative stress, endothelial and platelet function among children exposed to passive smoke from HNBC, traditional tobacco (TT) cigarettes and unexposed subjects. Seventy-eight children (2-18 years) were divided into three groups: HNBC passive smokers (n = 26), TT cigarette exposed (n = 26), and control (CNT) group (n = 26, unexposed). Oxidative stress was evaluated by serum NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) activity, assessed by soluble Nox2-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp), isoprostanes, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, hydrogen break-down activity (HBA) and NO bioavailability. Endothelial function was assessed by brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Platelet function was evaluated by soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) and thrombus formation by T-TAS analysis. Passive smoking-exposed children (both HNBC and TT) exhibited significantly increased serum sNOX2-dp, isoprostanes, H2O2, sCD40L sP-selectin and thrombus formation versus controls. Conversely, exposed children displayed reduced brachial FMD and serum NO bioavailability. No significant differences were found between children exposed to passive smoking of HNBC vs TT. Multivariable regression linked sNOX2 (standardized coefficient β: 0.284; SE: 0.040; p = 0.01) and H2O2 (standardized coefficient β: 0.243; SE: 0.0; p = 0.02) as independent predictors of FMD, and isoprostanes (standardized coefficient β:0.388; SE: 0.022; p < 0.001) and serum cotinine (standardized coefficient β:0.270; SE: 0.048; p = 0.01) with sNOX2-dp levels. Exposure to HNBC smoke heightened oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and thrombus formation in children. Findings suggest avenues for interventions to curb childhood passive smoking exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Arianna Pannunzio
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Laura Cinicola
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences,Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Maria Palumbo
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, 80122, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, 80122, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zicari
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences,Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carnevale R, Leopizzi M, Dominici M, d'Amati G, Bartimoccia S, Nocella C, Cammisotto V, D'Amico A, Castellani V, Baratta F, Bertelli A, Arrivi A, Toni D, De Michele M, Pignatelli P, Marcucci R, Violi F. PAD4-Induced NETosis Via Cathepsin G-Mediated Platelet-Neutrophil Interaction in ChAdOx1 Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e396-e403. [PMID: 37586040 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare syndrome characterized by platelet anti-PF4 (platelet-activating antiplatelet factor 4)-related thrombosis. Platelet-neutrophil interaction has been suggested to play a role, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. METHODS The study included 10 patients with VITT after ChAdOx1 (chimpanzee adenovirus Oxford 1) nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine administration, 10 patients with ischemic stroke (IS), 10 patients with acute deep vein thrombosis, and 10 control subjects in whom blood levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), soluble TF (tissue factor), and thrombin generation were examined. Furthermore, we performed in vitro studies comparing the effect of serum from patients and controls on NETs formation. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed in cerebral thrombi retrieved from a patients with VITT and 3 patients with IS. RESULTS Compared with patients with IS, patients with deep vein thrombosis, controls, and patients with VITT had significantly higher blood values of CitH3 (citrullinated histone H3), soluble TF, D-dimer, and prothrombin fragment 1+2 (P<0.0001). Blood CitH3 significantly correlated with blood soluble TF (Spearman rank correlation coefficient=0.7295; P=0.0206) and prothrombin fragment 1+2 (Spearman rank correlation coefficient=0.6809; P<0.0350) in patients with VITT. Platelet-neutrophil mixture added with VITT plasma resulted in higher NETs formation, soluble TF and thrombin generation, and platelet-dependent thrombus growth under laminar flow compared with IS and deep vein thrombosis plasma; these effects were blunted by PAD4 (protein arginine deiminase 4) and cathepsin G inhibitors, anti-FcγRIIa (Fc receptor for IgG class IIa), and high doses of heparin. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a more marked expression of PAD4 along with more diffuse neutrophil infiltration and NETs formation as well as TF and cathepsin expression in VITT thrombus compared with thrombi from patients with IS. CONCLUSIONS Patients with VITT display enhanced thrombogenesis by PAD4-mediated NETs formation via cathepsin G-mediated platelet/neutrophil interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina, Italy (R.C., M.L., A.D.A.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (R.C.)
| | - Martina Leopizzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina, Italy (R.C., M.L., A.D.A.)
| | - Marcello Dominici
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, Terni, Italy (M.D., A.A.)
| | - Giulia d'Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (G.d.A.)
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (S.B., C.N., V. Cammisotto, F.B., P.P., F.V.)
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (S.B., C.N., V. Cammisotto, F.B., P.P., F.V.)
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (S.B., C.N., V. Cammisotto, F.B., P.P., F.V.)
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina, Italy (R.C., M.L., A.D.A.)
| | - Valentina Castellani
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialty, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (V. Castellani)
| | - Francesco Baratta
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (S.B., C.N., V. Cammisotto, F.B., P.P., F.V.)
| | - Alessia Bertelli
- Atherothrombotic Disease Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Italy (A.B., R.M.)
| | - Alessio Arrivi
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, Terni, Italy (M.D., A.A.)
| | - Danilo Toni
- Emergency Department, Stroke Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.T.)
| | - Manuela De Michele
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (M.D.M.)
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (S.B., C.N., V. Cammisotto, F.B., P.P., F.V.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro-Napoli, Via Orazio, Naples, Italy (P.P., F.V.)
| | - Rossella Marcucci
- Atherothrombotic Disease Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Italy (A.B., R.M.)
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (S.B., C.N., V. Cammisotto, F.B., P.P., F.V.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro-Napoli, Via Orazio, Naples, Italy (P.P., F.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barale C, Melchionda E, Tempesta G, Morotti A, Russo I. Impact of Physical Exercise on Platelets: Focus on Its Effects in Metabolic Chronic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1609. [PMID: 37627603 PMCID: PMC10451697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic disorders are strongly linked to cardiovascular (CV) diseases, and it is unanimously accepted that regular exercise training is a key tool to improving CV risk factors, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Increased oxidative stress due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and their scavenging by endogenous antioxidant capacity is the common ground among these metabolic disorders, and each of them affects platelet function. However, the correction of hyperglycemia in diabetes and lipid profile in dyslipidemia as well as the lowering of body weight in obesity all correlate with amelioration of platelet function. Habitual physical exercise triggers important mechanisms related to the exercise benefits for health improvement and protects against CV events. Platelets play an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including the development of arterial thrombosis, and physical (in)activity has been shown to interfere with platelet function. Although data reported by studies carried out on this topic show discrepancies, the current knowledge on platelet function affected by exercise mainly depends on the type of applied exercise intensity and whether acute or habitual, strenuous or moderate, thus suggesting that physical activity and exercise intensity may interfere with platelet function differently. Thus, this review is designed to cover the aspects of the relationship between physical exercise and vascular benefits, with an emphasis on the modulation of platelet function, especially in some metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabella Russo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of Turin University, Regione Gonzole, 10, Orbassano, I-10043 Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (E.M.); (G.T.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pallotta L, Cammisotto V, Castellani V, Gioia A, Spigaroli M, Carlomagno D, Bartimoccia S, Nocella C, Cappelletti M, Pontone S, Carnevale R, Violi F, Vona R, Giordano C, Pignatelli P, Severi C. Diverticular Disease Worsening Is Associated with Increased Oxidative Stress and Gut Permeability: New Insights by Circulating Biomarkers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1537. [PMID: 37627532 PMCID: PMC10451802 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverticular disease (DD) management is impaired by its pathogenesis, which is still not completely defined, with an unmet clinical need for improved therapies. Ex vivo DD human models demonstrated the presence of a transmural oxidative imbalance that supports an ischemic pathogenesis. This study aimed to assess, with the use of circulating biomarkers, insights into DD pathogenesis and possible therapeutic targets. Nox2-derived peptide, H2O2, antioxidant capacity, isoprostanes, thromboxanes, TNF-α, LPS and zonulin were evaluated by ELISA in healthy subjects (HS) and asymptomatic and symptomatic DD patients. Compared to HS, DD patients presented low antioxidant capacity and increase in sNox2-dp, H2O2 and isoprostanes paralleled to a TNFα increase, lower than that of oxidative markers. TxB2 production correlated to Nox2 and isoprostanes, suggesting platelet activation. An increase in zonulin and LPS highlighted the role of gut permeability and LPS translocation in DD pathogenesis. The increase of all the markers statistically correlated with DD severity. The present study confirmed the presence of a main oxidative imbalance in DD and provides evidence of platelet activation driven by LPS translocation. The use of circulating biomarkers could represent a new clinical tool for monitoring disease progression and validate therapeutic strategies never tested in DD as antioxidant supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pallotta
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (M.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (S.B.); (C.N.); (F.V.); (P.P.)
| | - Valentina Castellani
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialty, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessia Gioia
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (M.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Margherita Spigaroli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (M.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Dominga Carlomagno
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (M.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (S.B.); (C.N.); (F.V.); (P.P.)
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (S.B.); (C.N.); (F.V.); (P.P.)
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (M.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Stefano Pontone
- Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 04100 Latina, Italy;
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (S.B.); (C.N.); (F.V.); (P.P.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro-Napoli, Via Orazio, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Vona
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (S.B.); (C.N.); (F.V.); (P.P.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro-Napoli, Via Orazio, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Carola Severi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (M.S.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ciacci P, Paraninfi A, Orlando F, Rella S, Maggio E, Oliva A, Cangemi R, Carnevale R, Bartimoccia S, Cammisotto V, D'Amico A, Magna A, Nocella C, Mastroianni CM, Pignatelli P, Violi F, Loffredo L. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and low-grade endotoxemia in COVID-19 patients hospitalised in medical wards. Microvasc Res 2023:104557. [PMID: 37268038 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction, assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), is related to poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (CP). In this study, we explored the interplay among FMD, NADPH oxidase type 2 (NOX-2) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in hospitalised patients with CP, community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and controls (CT). METHODS We enrolled 20 consecutive patients with CP, 20 hospitalised patients with CAP and 20 CT matched for sex, age, and main cardiovascular risk factors. In all subjects we performed FMD and collected blood samples to analyse markers of oxidative stress (soluble Nox2-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp), hydrogen peroxide breakdown activity (HBA), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)), inflammation (TNF-α and IL-6), LPS and zonulin levels. RESULTS Compared with controls, CP had significant higher values of LPS, sNOX-2-dp, H2O2,TNF-α, IL-6 and zonulin; conversely FMD, HBA and NO bioavailability were significantly lower in CP. Compared to CAP patients, CP had significantly higher levels of sNOX2-dp, H2O2, TNF-α, IL-6, LPS, zonulin and lower HBA. Simple linear regression analysis showed that FMD inversely correlated with sNOX2-dp, H2O2, TNF-α, IL-6, LPS and zonulin; conversely FMD was directly correlated with NO bioavailability and HBA. Multiple linear regression analysis highlighted LPS as the only predictor of FMD. CONCLUSION This study shows that patients with COVID-19 have low-grade endotoxemia that could activate NOX-2, generating increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ciacci
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Paraninfi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Orlando
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Rella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Maggio
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Oliva
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza-University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Magna
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cinicola BL, Palumbo IM, Pannunzio A, Carnevale R, Bartimoccia S, Cammisotto V, Capponi M, Brindisi G, Salvatori F, Barillà F, Martino F, D'Amico A, Poscia R, Spalice A, Zicari AM, Violi F, Loffredo L. Low Grade Endotoxemia and Oxidative Stress in Offspring of Patients with Early Myocardial Infarction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040958. [PMID: 37107333 PMCID: PMC10135978 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction are at higher cardiovascular risk, but the underlying physio-pathological mechanism is unclear. NADPH oxidase-type 2 (NOX-2) plays a pivotal role as mediator of oxidative stress and could be involved in activating platelets in these patients. Furthermore, altered intestinal permeability and serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be a trigger to promote NOX-2 activation and platelet aggregation. This study aims to evaluate the behavior of low grade endotoxemia, oxidative stress and platelet activation in offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction. Methods: We enrolled, in a cross-sectional study, 46 offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction and 86 healthy subjects (HS). LPS levels and gut permeability (assessed by zonulin), oxidative stress (assessed by serum NOX-2-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp) release, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and isoprostanes), serum nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and platelet activation (by serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and soluble P-Selectin (sP-Selectin)) were analyzed. Results: Compared to HS, offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction had higher values of LPS, zonulin, serum isoprostanes, sNOX2-dp H2O2, TXB2, p-selectin and lower NO bioavailability. Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables associated with offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction were LPS, TXB2 and isoprostanes. The multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that serum NOX-2, isoprostanes, p-selectin and H2O2 levels were significantly associated to LPS. Furthermore, serum LPS, isoprostanes and TXB2 levels were significantly associated with sNOX-2-dp. Conclusions: Offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction have a low grade endotoxemia that could generate oxidative stress and platelet activation increasing their cardiovascular risk. Future studies are needed to understand the role of dysbiosis in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Laura Cinicola
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 391, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Maria Palumbo
- Department of Clinical, Internistic, Anaesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Pannunzio
- Department of Clinical, Internistic, Anaesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerele, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical, Internistic, Anaesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Clinical, Internistic, Anaesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Capponi
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Brindisi
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Salvatori
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Unit of Cardiology, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Martino
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Poscia
- Unita di Ricerca Clinica e Clinical Competence-Direzione Generale, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Spalice
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zicari
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro-Napoli, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Clinical, Internistic, Anaesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Structure, Activation, and Regulation of NOX2: At the Crossroad between the Innate Immunity and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Pathologies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020429. [PMID: 36829988 PMCID: PMC9952346 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) is a multisubunit enzyme complex that participates in the generation of superoxide or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and plays a key role in several biological functions. Among seven known NOX isoforms, NOX2 was the first identified in phagocytes but is also expressed in several other cell types including endothelial cells, platelets, microglia, neurons, and muscle cells. NOX2 has been assigned multiple roles in regulating many aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, and human and mouse models of NOX2 genetic deletion highlighted this key role. On the other side, NOX2 hyperactivation is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases with different etiologies but all are characterized by an increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory process. From this point of view, the modulation of NOX2 represents an important therapeutic strategy aimed at reducing the damage associated with its hyperactivation. Although pharmacological strategies to selectively modulate NOX2 are implemented thanks to new biotechnologies, this field of research remains to be explored. Therefore, in this review, we analyzed the role of NOX2 at the crossroads between immunity and pathologies mediated by its hyperactivation. We described (1) the mechanisms of activation and regulation, (2) human, mouse, and cellular models studied to understand the role of NOX2 as an enzyme of innate immunity, (3) some of the pathologies associated with its hyperactivation, and (4) the inhibitory strategies, with reference to the most recent discoveries.
Collapse
|
9
|
Platelet Redox Imbalance in Hypercholesterolemia: A Big Problem for a Small Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911446. [PMID: 36232746 PMCID: PMC9570056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and their scavenging by anti-oxidant defences is the common soil of many disorders, including hypercholesterolemia. Platelets, the smallest blood cells, are deeply involved in the pathophysiology of occlusive arterial thrombi associated with myocardial infarction and stroke. A great deal of evidence shows that both increased intraplatelet ROS synthesis and impaired ROS neutralization are implicated in the thrombotic process. Hypercholesterolemia is recognized as cause of atherosclerosis, cerebro- and cardiovascular disease, and, closely related to this, is the widespread acceptance that it strongly contributes to platelet hyperreactivity via direct oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-platelet membrane interaction via scavenger receptors such as CD36 and signaling pathways including Src family kinases (SFK), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. In turn, activated platelets contribute to oxLDL generation, which ends up propagating platelet activation and thrombus formation through a mechanism mediated by oxidative stress. When evaluating the effect of lipid-lowering therapies on thrombogenesis, a large body of evidence shows that the effects of statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors are not limited to the reduction of LDL-C but also to the down-regulation of platelet reactivity mainly by mechanisms sensitive to intracellular redox balance. In this review, we will focus on the role of oxidative stress-related mechanisms as a cause of platelet hyperreactivity and the pathophysiological link of the pleiotropism of lipid-lowering agents to the beneficial effects on platelet function.
Collapse
|
10
|
The Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors Reduce Platelet Activation and Thrombus Formation by Lowering NOX2-Related Oxidative Stress: A Pilot Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101878. [PMID: 36290601 PMCID: PMC9598474 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium−glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors or gliflozins, the newest anti-hyperglycemic class, induce cardioprotective benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). As platelet activation and oxidative stress play a key role in atherothrombotic-related complications, we hypothesized that gliflozins might modulate oxidative stress, platelet activation and thrombus formation. We performed an interventional open-label single-arm before-after study in 32 T2D patients on top of their ongoing metformin therapy. The population was divided into two groups: treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA, Group A) and gliflozins (Group B). Oxidative stress, platelet activation and thrombus growth were assessed before and after 15 days of treatment. Compared to the baseline, gliflozins treatment significantly decreased sNOX2-dp (−45.2%, p < 0.001), H2O2 production (−53.4%, p < 0.001), TxB2 (−33.1%, p < 0.001), sP-selectin (−49.3%, p < 0.001) and sCD40L levels (−62.3%, p < 0.001) as well as thrombus formation (−32%, p < 0.001), whereas it potentiated anti-oxidant power (HBA, +30.8%, p < 0.001). Moreover, a significant difference in oxidative stress, platelet activation and thrombus formation across groups A and B was found. In addition, an in vitro study on stimulated platelets treated with gliflozins (10−30 μM) showed a reduction in oxidative stress, platelet activation and thrombus growth. Our results showed that gliflozins have antiplatelet and antithrombic activity related to an NOX2 down-regulation, suggesting a new mechanism responsible for cardiovascular protection.
Collapse
|
11
|
Violi F, Cammisotto V, Pignatelli P. Thrombosis in Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 pneumonia: role of platelets. Platelets 2021; 32:1009-1017. [PMID: 34097572 PMCID: PMC8204311 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1936478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Platelets may be a target of bacteria and viruses, which can directly or indirectly activate them so promoting thrombosis. In accordance with this, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is complicated by ischemia-related vascular disease (myocardial infarction and stroke) in roughly 10% of patients while the incidence of venous thrombosis is uncertain. In CAP platelet biosynthesis of TxA2 is augmented and associated with myocardial infarction; however, a cause-effect relationship is still unclear as unclear is if platelet activation promotes thrombosis or functional changes of coronary tree such vasospasm. Retrospective studies suggested a potential role of aspirin in reducing mortality but the impact on vascular disease is still unknown. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is complicated by thrombosis in roughly 20% of patients with an almost equivalent localization in arterial and venous circulation. Platelet activation seems to have a pivot role in the thrombotic process in Covid-19 as consistently evidenced by its involvement in promoting Tissue Factor up-regulation via leucocyte interaction. Until now, antiplatelet treatment has been scarcely considered for the treatment of Covid-19; interventional trials, however, are in progress to explore this issue. The aim of this review is 1) to compare the type of vascular diseases complicating CAP and Covid-19 2) to assess the different role of platelets in both diseases and 3) to discuss if antiplatelet treatment is potentially useful to improve clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Violi
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialty Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Succurro E, Andreozzi F, Carnevale R, Sciacqua A, Cammisotto V, Cassano V, Mannino GC, Fiorentino TV, Pastori D, Pignatelli P, Sesti G, Violi F. Nox2 up-regulation and hypoalbuminemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:1-5. [PMID: 33775771 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with oxidative stress but the underlying mechanisms promoting oxidative stress as well as its relationship with cardiovascular events is still unclear. In 375 T2DM patients who were followed-up for approximately 5 years we measured the serum levels of soluble NOX2-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp), a marker of Nox2 activation, and albumin, a powerful antioxidant protein. In the entire cohort soluble Nox2 and serum albumin were significantly correlated (r = -0.348, P < 0.0001). During the follow-up 49 cardiovascular events (CVE) were registered, of which 45 were non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI); patients with non-fatal MI had significantly higher soluble NOX2/albumin ratio compared to cardiovascular events-free patients. Cox regression analysis showed a significant association between sNox2-dp/serum albumin ratio and the incidental risk of non-fatal MI (HR 1.106, CI95% 1.020-1.198, P = 0.014). The study suggests that redox status imbalance negatively influences vascular outcomes in T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Succurro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Speciality Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Velia Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gaia C Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa V Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy; Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy; Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cammisotto V, Nocella C, Bartimoccia S, Sanguigni V, Francomano D, Sciarretta S, Pastori D, Peruzzi M, Cavarretta E, D’Amico A, Castellani V, Frati G, Carnevale R, Group SM. The Role of Antioxidants Supplementation in Clinical Practice: Focus on Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:146. [PMID: 33498338 PMCID: PMC7909411 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress may be defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant system to counteract or detoxify these potentially damaging molecules. This phenomenon is a common feature of many human disorders, such as cardiovascular disease. Many of the risk factors, including smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity, are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, involving an elevated oxidative stress burden (either due to enhanced ROS production or decreased antioxidant protection). There are many therapeutic options to treat oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have focused on the utility of antioxidant supplementation. However, whether antioxidant supplementation has any preventive and/or therapeutic value in cardiovascular pathology is still a matter of debate. In this review, we provide a detailed description of oxidative stress biomarkers in several cardiovascular risk factors. We also discuss the clinical implications of the supplementation with several classes of antioxidants, and their potential role for protecting against cardiovascular risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialty Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (D.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (D.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Valerio Sanguigni
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital, Velletri, 00049 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (D.F.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Francomano
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital, Velletri, 00049 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.)
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (D.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra D’Amico
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valentina Castellani
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (D.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.)
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.C.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - SMiLe Group
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nocella C, Mezzaroma I, Cammisotto V, Castellani V, Milito C, Rugova A, Frati G, Pignatelli P, Violi F, Pastori D, Carnevale R. Lipopolysaccharide induces platelet activation in HIV patients: the role of different viral load patterns. HIV Med 2021; 22:434-444. [PMID: 33426758 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess whether gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could affect platelet function in HIV-1 patients with residual viral load. METHODS In 23 HIV-1 patients on effective antiretroviral treatment, 10 treatment-naïve HIV-1 subjects and 20 healthy subjects (HS), LPS, zonulin, markers of platelet activation and oxidative stress were evaluated. In vitro, platelets from HS were exposed to plasma from HIV-1-infected treated and untreated patients. RESULTS Compared with HS, LPS was higher in treated and treatment-naïve subjects with HIV-1 (7.7 ± 2.9, 80.9 ± 13.7 and 75.3 ± 22.6 pg/mL, P < 0.001 vs. HS) as well as serum zonulin (1.3 ± 0.5, 6.1 ± 1.5 and 5.3 ± 1.7 ng/mL, P < 0.001 vs. HS). LPS and zonulin were correlated in HIV patients (Spearman correlation coefficient (rS) = 0.73, P < 0.0001). Levels of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2 ) were higher in HIV-1-treated and treatment-naïve subjects compared with HS as well as NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activation and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) production. In vitro, sCD40L, sP-selectin and TxB2 production, NOX2 activation and p47phox phosphorylation were higher in platelets exposed to plasma from HIV-1 patients with different viral load compared with the exposure to plasma from HS. This effect was blunted in platelets pre-treated with TLR4 or TLR7 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Low-grade endotoxaemia and persistent viraemia increase platelet function with a mechanism mediated by NOX2 in patients with HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Mezzaroma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialty Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Castellani
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Milito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alban Rugova
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nocella C, Cammisotto V, Bartimoccia S, Castellani V, Loffredo L, Pastori D, Pignatelli P, Sanguigni V, Violi F, Carnevale R. A novel role of MMP2 in regulating platelet NOX2 activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:355-362. [PMID: 32268176 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NOX2 has a key role for cellular production of reactive oxidant species (ROS) and although the mechanism of its activation is well known, little is known about its regulation. Metallo-proteinases (MMPs) regulate numerous protein activities both in physiological and pathological conditions but their interplay with NOX2 and ROS formation is still unclear. We performed experimental studies in human platelets and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to investigate the interplay of MMP2 with NOX2 activity. In collagen-stimulated platelets and in PMA-stimulated PMNs from healthy subjects, an immediate burst of ROS was detected at 10 min to then decline at 20 min. Coincidentally, sNOX2-dp, a split-off product of NOX2, increased and peaked at 10 min. ROS production was persistent whereas sNOX2dp is not released in cells treated with MMP2 inhibitor compared to other MMPs inhibitors. Western blot analysis showed the highest MMP2 expression on the cell membrane 10 min after stimulation. Moreover, the co-immunoprecipitation assay confirms the interaction between MMP2 and NOX2 that formed an active immuno-complex. Treating cells with NOX2ds-tat, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, significantly reduced ROS formation, sNOX2-dp, MMP2 expression and MMP2-NOX2-complex, which were all restored if cells were added with H2O2. The study provides the first evidence that MMP2 has a key role in blunting platelet NOX2 activity and eventually ROS formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Speciality Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Castellani
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valerio Sanguigni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122, Napoli, Italy; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100, Latina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ma X, Wang F, Zhen X, Zhao L, Fang L, Dong Z, Chen W, Zhou X. gp91 phox, a Novel Biomarker Evaluating Oxidative Stress, Is Elevated in Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:3161730. [PMID: 32454820 PMCID: PMC7225862 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3161730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND gp91phox, the catalytic core of NADPH oxidase (NOX) and biomarker of NOX activation, has been recently recognized as a parameter of systemic oxidative stress in several studies. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is characteristic of elevated level of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and is frequently accompanied with cholesterolemia. In this study, the levels of serum soluble gp91phox were measured to assess the oxidative stress in patients with SH. And the relationship among gp91phox, low-density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C), and TSH was also investigated. METHODS A total of 51 subjects were enrolled and categorized into four groups: the healthy controls subjects (n = 13), controls with high level of LDL-C alone (n = 12), SH with normal level of LDL-C (n = 11), and SH with high level of LDL-C (n = 15). The related clinical and laboratory data were collected for statistical analysis. All the patients were newly diagnosed and did not take any medication. The information of lipid profile and thyroid function was extracted, and the concentrations of gp91phox were obtained with ELISA. RESULTS The levels of serum soluble gp91phox evidently increased in the patients with SH with a high level of LDL-C (81.52 ± 37.00 ug/mL) as compared to the healthy controls (54.98 ± 1.83ug/mL, p < 0.001), controls with high level of LDL-C (61.21 ± 4.48 ug/mL, p=0.038) and SH with a normal level of LDL-C (62.82 ± 11.67ug/mL, p=0.027). Additionally, the levels of gp91phox showed a significant positive correlation with both the levels of LDL-C (r = 0.595, p < 0.001) and TSH (r = 0.346, p=0.013) by the Spearman correlation analyses. The correlation remained significant even when the effect of another factor was controlled (TSH: when the effect of LDL-C was controlled, r = 0.453, p=0.001; LDL-C: when the effect of TSH was controlled, r = 0.291, p=0.040). The main effect analysis showed an independent main effect of either LDL-C (p = 0.041) or TSH (p=0.022) on gp91phox without interaction (p=0.299). CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrated that the levels of gp91phox, a novel biomarker for measuring the oxidative stress, were significantly elevated in the patients with SH. And LDL-C and TSH were both independent predictors of gp91phox. Abbreviations. BMI : Body mass index; TC : Total cholesterol; LDL-C : Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C : High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG : Triglyceride; FBG : Fasting blood glucose; FT3 : Free triiodothyronine; FT4 : Free thyroxine; TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone; SBP : Systolic blood pressure; DBP : Diastolic blood pressure; SD : Standard deviation; LSD: Least significant difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of TCM, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 Shandong, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Zhenfang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Violi F, Calvieri C, Cangemi R. Effect of corticosteroids on myocardial injury among patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia: rationale and study design. The colosseum trial. Intern Emerg Med 2020; 15:79-86. [PMID: 31152308 PMCID: PMC7223724 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-019-02117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is often complicated by elevation of cardiac troponin, a marker of myocardial injury that can be isolated or associated with myocardial infarction (MI). A retrospective study showed that corticosteroid treatment lowers the incidence of MI during the hospital stay. No data exist so far on the effect of corticosteroids on myocardial injury in CAP patients. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate if methylprednisolone is able to reduce myocardial injury, as assessed by serum high-sensitivity cardiac T Troponin (hs-cTnT), in a cohort of patients hospitalized for CAP. Secondary aims are to evaluate the potential effect of methylprednisolone on cardiovascular events during hospitalization, at 30 days from hospital admission and during 2 years' follow-up. The trial will also examine whether the potential protective effects of methylprednisolone might be due to platelet activation down-regulation. Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. One hundred twenty-two eligible patients will be randomized to a week treatment with iv methylprednisolone (20 mg b.i.d) or placebo from hospital admission. Serum hs-cTnT will be measured at admission and every day until up 3 days from admission. ECG will be monitored every day until discharge. After discharge, all patients will be followed-up 2 years. This is the first clinical trial aimed at examining whether methylprednisolone treatment may reduce myocardial injury. The results of this trial may constitute the basis for conducting a larger multicenter trial aimed to evaluate the effect of corticosteroid on cardiovascular events in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Camilla Calvieri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic and Geriatric Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang J, Xiong Y, Zhou L, Huang Y, Chen W, Wang B. Soluble E-cadherin is associated with oxidative stress in patients with chronic HBV infection. J Med Virol 2019; 92:34-44. [PMID: 31429942 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that serum soluble E-cadherin (sE-cadherin) serves as an important player in various physiological and pathological processes. However, the crosstalk between serum sE-cadherin and oxidative stress in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains to be illustrated. The main purpose of this study is to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of sE-cadherin in CHB virus infection. Levels of serum sE-cadherin, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total oxidant activity (TOA), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), and malondialdehyde (MDA), from 51 patients with hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)-negative CHB, 54 patients with HBeAg-positive CHB, and 109 healthy individuals were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In our study, patients with CHB showed significantly higher serum sE-cadherin levels than healthy individuals (P < .01). Furthermore, we also found that the serum sE-cadherin levels were significantly negatively correlated with TAC, antioxidant enzymes (GSH and SOD) in patients with CHB, and that serum sE-cadherin concentrations were significantly positively correlated with liver enzyme markers (alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase) and oxidative markers (TOA, NOX2, and MDA) in patients with CHB. Therefore, serum sE-cadherin may act as a new candidate biomarker for reflecting inflammation and oxidative stress status in the development and progression of hepatitis B virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weixian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Burtenshaw D, Kitching M, Redmond EM, Megson IL, Cahill PA. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Intimal Thickening, and Subclinical Atherosclerotic Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:89. [PMID: 31428618 PMCID: PMC6688526 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriosclerosis causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Central to this process is the development of subclinical non-atherosclerotic intimal lesions before the appearance of pathologic intimal thickening and advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Intimal thickening is associated with several risk factors, including oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines and lipid. The main ROS producing systems in-vivo are reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX). ROS effects are context specific. Exogenous ROS induces apoptosis and senescence, whereas intracellular ROS promotes stem cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Lineage tracing studies using murine models of subclinical atherosclerosis have revealed the contributory role of medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), resident vascular stem cells, circulating bone-marrow progenitors and endothelial cells that undergo endothelial-mesenchymal-transition (EndMT). This review will address the putative physiological and patho-physiological roles of ROS in controlling vascular cell fate and ROS contribution to vascular regeneration and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Burtenshaw
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Eileen M Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ian L Megson
- Centre for Health Science, UHI Institute of Health Research and Innovation, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Cahill
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Loffredo L, Perri L, Battaglia S, Nocella C, Menichelli D, Cammisotto V, Novo M, Carnevale R, Violi F. Hazelnut and cocoa spread improves flow-mediated dilatation in smokers. Intern Emerg Med 2018; 13:1211-1217. [PMID: 30030699 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-018-1913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hazelnut and cocoa spread is an Italian product containing cocoa and hazelnut. Several epidemiological studies suggest that cocoa and hazelnuts cocoa exert beneficial cardiovascular effects. To investigate whether in smokers, hazelnut and cocoa spread elicits artery dilatation via down-regulation of oxidative stress. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), oxidative stress (as assessed by serum isoprostanes excretion, Nox2 activation and NO bioavailability) and antioxidant status [as assessed by vitamin E levels, plasma total polyphenols and H2O2 breaking down activity (HBA)] were studied in 20 smokers in a crossover, single-blind study. Patients were randomly allocated to 60 g of Hazelnut and cocoa spread or 60 g of milk chocolate (≤ 35% cocoa). FMD, serum isoprostanes, Nox2 activation, NOx, vitamin E, HBA and total polyphenols were assessed at baseline and 2 h after chocolate ingestion. After Hazelnut and cocoa spread intake, FMD and NOx significantly increased (from 4.3 ± 2.8 to 8.0 ± 3.2%, p < 0.001 and from 23.1 ± 5.5 to 32.0 ± 12.6 µM, p = 0.016, respectively); conversely, serum isoprostanes and Nox2 activation significantly decreased (from 302.8 ± 59.8 to 240.7 ± 90.8 pmol/l, p = 0.03 and from 25 ± 4.4 to 22.6 ± 3.2, p = 0.03, respectively). After Hazelnut and cocoa spread intake, serum total polyphenols, vitamin E and HBA significantly increased (from 133.8 ± 49.7 to 202.5 ± 69.5 mg/l GAE, p = 0.001; from 3.56 ± 1.4 to 4.5 ± 1.0 μmol/mmol cholesterol, p = 0.002 and from 63.3 ± 13.2 to 74.2 ± 12.4%, p = 0.003, respectively). No changes in the above variables were observed after milk chocolate intake. A linear correlation analysis shows that Δ (expressed by difference of values between before and after chocolate intake) of FMD correlates with Δ of total polyphenols and Δ of vitamin E. This study shows that Hazelnut and cocoa spread improves FMD with a mechanism potentially involving downregulation of oxidative stress and eventually increased NO generation in smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Perri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Battaglia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Danilo Menichelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Novo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dark Chocolate Intake Positively Modulates Redox Status and Markers of Muscular Damage in Elite Football Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4061901. [PMID: 30584461 PMCID: PMC6280237 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4061901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intensive physical exercise may cause increase oxidative stress and muscular injury in elite football athletes. The aim of this study was to exploit the effect of cocoa polyphenols on oxidative stress and muscular injuries induced by intensive physical exercise in elite football players. Oxidant/antioxidant status and markers of muscle damage were evaluated in 24 elite football players and 15 controls. Furthermore, the 24 elite football players were randomly assigned to either a dark chocolate (>85% cocoa) intake (n = 12) or a control group (n = 12) for 30 days in a randomized controlled trial. Oxidative stress, antioxidant status, and muscle damage were assessed at baseline and after 30 days of chocolate intake. Compared to controls, elite football players showed lower antioxidant power and higher oxidative stress paralleled by an increase in muscle damage markers. After 30 days of dark chocolate intake, an increased antioxidant power was found in elite athletes assuming dark chocolate. Moreover, a significant reduction in muscle damage markers (CK and LDH, p < 0.001) was observed. In the control group, no changes were observed with the exception of an increase of sNox2-dp, H2O2, and myoglobin. A simple linear regression analysis showed that sNox2-dp was associated with a significant increase in muscle damage biomarker release (p = 0.001). An in vitro study also confirmed that polyphenol extracts significantly decreased oxidative stress in murine myoblast cell line C2C12-derived. These results indicate that polyphenol-rich nutrient supplementation by means of dark chocolate positively modulates redox status and reduced exercise-induced muscular injury biomarkers in elite football athletes. This trial is registered with NCT03288623.
Collapse
|
22
|
Loffredo L, Zicari AM, Occasi F, Perri L, Carnevale R, Battaglia S, Angelico F, Del Ben M, Martino F, Nocella C, Farcomeni A, De Castro G, Duse M, Violi F. Passive Smoking Exacerbates Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase Isoform 2-Induced Oxidative Stress and Arterial Dysfunction in Children with Persistent Allergic Rhinitis. J Pediatr 2018; 202:252-257. [PMID: 30172425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2), oxidative stress, and endothelial function in children with and without allergic rhinitis and to ascertain the effect of passive smoke exposure on these factors, because there is an established association between allergic rhinitis and increased cardiovascular risk in adults. METHODS We recruited 130 children-65 with persistent allergic rhinitis and 65 healthy controls. A cross-sectional study was performed to compare endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation, blood levels of isoprostanes, serum activity of soluble NOX2-dp (sNOX2-dp), and nitric oxide bioavailability, in these 2 groups of children. Serum cotinine levels were assessed to measure exposure to passive smoking. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, children with persistent allergic rhinitis had significantly higher sNOX2-dp and isoprostanes levels, lower flow-mediated dilation, and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that flow-mediated dilation, isoprostanes, and cotinine were independently associated with sNOX2-dp levels. Of note, sNOX2-dp serum levels were significantly higher in children with allergic rhinitis exposed to smoke, as compared with unexposed children with allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSION NOX2 is activated in children with persistent allergic rhinitis and passive smoke exposure exacerbates this effect. We further demonstrate an association between higher sNOX2-dp and oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Francesca Occasi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Perri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Battaglia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelico
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessio Farcomeni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Duse
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Platelet Activation in Coronary Thrombus of STEMI Patients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7070083. [PMID: 29970802 PMCID: PMC6070897 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7070083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet activation and oxidative stress seem to play a key role in coronary thrombus formation and are associated with thrombus burden in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the interplay between oxidative stress and platelet activation has not been fully elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS For 32 patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and 10 patients with stable angina (SA) and oxidative stress, as assessed by NADPH isoform 2 activity (soluble Nox2-derived peptide, sNox2-dp), levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) and platelet activation markers such as soluble CD40 Ligand (sCD40L) and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) were measured in the retrieved material (coronary thrombi plus blood waste) of STEMI patients and in intracoronary blood of SA patients, respectively, and in peripheral blood samples of both groups. RESULTS In aspirated thrombi and blood waste of STEMI patients we found higher serum levels of sNox2-dp, oxLDLs, sCD40L, and sP-selectin, as compared to the intracoronary blood samples of SA patients. Moreover, in thrombi and blood waste of STEMI patients, a direct correlation between markers of oxidative stress and of platelet activation was found. Also, in STEMI patients a progressive increase of oxidative stress and platelet activation markers was observed according to the thrombus score burden. STEMI patients showed higher peripheral blood Nox2 activity and oxLDL levels as compared to SA patients. CONCLUSION This study shows a close relationship between oxidative stress and platelet activation in the intracoronary blood waste and aspirated thrombi of STEMI patients, suggesting a role of oxidative stress in promoting thrombus formation and growth.
Collapse
|
24
|
van 't Erve TJ. Strategies to decrease oxidative stress biomarker levels in human medical conditions: A meta-analysis on 8-iso-prostaglandin F 2α. Redox Biol 2018; 17:284-296. [PMID: 29775960 PMCID: PMC6007822 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread detection of elevated oxidative stress levels in many medical conditions has led to numerous efforts to design interventions to reduce its effects. Efforts have been wide-ranging, from dietary changes to administration of antioxidants, supplements, e.g., omega-3-fatty acids, and many medications. However, there is still no systemic assessment of the efficacy of treatments for oxidative stress reduction across a variety of medical conditions. The goal of this meta-analysis is, by combining multiple studies, to quantitate the change in the levels of the popular oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) after a variety of treatment strategies in human populations. Nearly 350 unique publications with 180 distinct strategies were included in the analysis. For each strategy, the difference between pre- or placebo and post-treatment levels calculated using Hedges' g value of effect. In general, administration of antibiotics, antihyperlipidemic agents, or changes in lifestyle (g = - 0.63, - 0.54, and 0.56) had the largest effect. Administration of supplements, antioxidants, or changes in diet (g = - 0.09, - 0.28, - 0.12) had small quantitative effects. To fully interpret the effectiveness of these treatments, comparisons to the increase in g value for each medical condition is required. For example, antioxidants in populations with coronary artery disease (CAD) reduce the 8-iso-PGF2α levels by g = - 0.34 ± 0.1, which is quantitatively considered a small effect. However, CAD populations, in comparison to healthy populations, have an increase in 8-iso-PGF2α levels by g = 0.38 ± 0.04; therefore, the overall reduction of 8-iso-PGF2α levels is ≈ 90% by this treatment in this specific medical condition. In conclusion, 8-iso-PGF2α levels can be reduced not only by antioxidants but by many other strategies. Not all strategies are equally effective at reducing 8-iso-PGF2α levels. In addition, the effectiveness of any strategy can be assessed only in relation to the medical condition investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J van 't Erve
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Carnevale R, Pastori D, Nocella C, Cammisotto V, Bartimoccia S, Novo M, Del Ben M, Farcomeni A, Angelico F, Violi F. Gut-derived lipopolysaccharides increase post-prandial oxidative stress via Nox2 activation in patients with impaired fasting glucose tolerance: effect of extra-virgin olive oil. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:843-851. [PMID: 29766292 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Post-prandial phase is characterized by enhanced oxidative stress but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We investigated if gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is implicated in this phenomenon and the effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). METHODS This is a randomized cross-over interventional study including 30 IFG patients, to receive a lunch with or without 10 g of EVOO. Serum LPS, Apo-B48, markers of oxidative stress such as oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and soluble Nox2-derived peptide (sNox2-dp), a marker of nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-phosphate oxidase isoform Nox2 activation, and plasma polyphenols were determined before, 60 and 120 min after lunch. RESULTS In patients not given EVOO oxidative stress as assessed by sNox2-dp and oxLDL significantly increased at 60 and 120 min concomitantly with an increase of LPS and Apo-B48. In these patients, changes of LPS were correlated with Apo-B48 (Rs = 0.542, p = 0.002) and oxLDL (Rs = 0.463, p = 0.010). At 120 min, LPS (β - 15.73, p < 0.001), Apo-B48 (β - 0.14, p = 0.004), sNox2-dp (β - 5.47, p = 0.030), and oxLDL (β - 42.80, p < 0.001) significantly differed between the two treatment groups. An inverse correlation was detected between polyphenols and oxLDL (R - 0.474, p < 0.005). In vitro study showed that LPS, at the same concentrations found in the human circulation, up-regulated Nox2-derived oxidative stress via interaction with Toll-like receptor 4. CONCLUSIONS Post-prandial phase is characterized by an oxidative stress-related inflammation potentially triggered by LPS, a phenomenon mitigated by EVOO administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Novo
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Farcomeni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelico
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Carnevale R, Silvestri R, Loffredo L, Novo M, Cammisotto V, Castellani V, Bartimoccia S, Nocella C, Violi F. Oleuropein, a component of extra virgin olive oil, lowers postprandial glycaemia in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:1566-1574. [PMID: 29577365 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Extra virgin olive oil lowers postprandial glycaemia. We investigated if oleuropein, a component of extra virgin olive oil, exerts a similar effect on postprandial glycaemia and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Twenty healthy subjects were randomly allocated in a cross-over design to 20 mg oleuropein or placebo immediately before lunch. Postprandial glycaemia along with blood insulin, dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and glucagon-like peptide-1 and oxidative stress, which included soluble NADPH oxidase-derived peptide activity (sNox2-dp), 8-iso-prostaglandin-2α and platelet p47phox phosphorylation, were analysed before and 2 h after meal. RESULTS After 2 h, subjects who assumed oleuropein had significantly lower blood glucose, DPP-4 activity and higher insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 compared to placebo. Furthermore, sNox2-dp, 8-iso-PGF2α and platelet p47phox phosphorylation were significantly lower in oleuropein- compared to placebo-treated subjects. DPP-4 significantly correlated with sNox2-dp [Spearman's rho (Rs) = 0.615; P < 0.001], p47phox phosphorylation (Rs = 0.435; P < 0.05) and 8-iso- prostaglandin-2α (Rs = 0.33; P < 0.05). In vitro study demonstrated that hydroxytyrosol, a metabolite of oleuropein, significantly reduced p47phox phosphorylation and isoprostane formation. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that oleuropein improves postprandial glycaemic profile via hampering Nox2-derived oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Novo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Castellani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Carnevale R, Nocella C, Cammisotto V, Bartimoccia S, Monticolo R, D'Amico A, Stefanini L, Pagano F, Pastori D, Cangemi R, Violi F. Antioxidant activity from extra virgin olive oil via inhibition of hydrogen peroxide-mediated NADPH-oxidase 2 activation. Nutrition 2018; 55-56:36-40. [PMID: 29960154 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) supplementation is associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular disease but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. METHODS In platelets that were taken from healthy subjects (n = 5), agonist-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activation in the presence of or without catalase, which catabolizes H2O2, were investigated. Platelet H2O2 production, NOX2 activation, EVOO vitamin E, and total polyphenols as well as EVOO's ability to scavenge H2O2 were also measured. RESULTS Platelet NOX2 activation and H2O2 production were significantly inhibited in catalase-treated platelets and platelets that were incubated with five different EVOOs. The EVOO content of vitamin E was 53 to 223 mg/kg and total polyphenols 145 to 392 mg/L Gallic acid equivalent. EVOOs quenched in vitro H2O2 by 39 to 62%, which is an effect that is significantly correlated with vitamin E and total polyphenol concentrations (R = 0.688; P <0.001 and R = 0.541; P <0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This in vitro study provides the first evidence that EVOO downregulates platelet H2O2 and in turn NOX2 activity via H2O2 scavenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Monticolo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Lucia Stefanini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Garramone A, Cangemi R, Bresciani E, Carnevale R, Bartimoccia S, Fante E, Corinti M, Brunori M, Violi F, Bertazzoni G, Pignatelli P. Early decrease of oxidative stress by non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. Intern Emerg Med 2018; 13:183-190. [PMID: 28914417 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-017-1750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in chronic respiratory diseases where the use of non-invasive ventilation seems to reduce the oxidative damage. Data on acute respiratory failure are still lacking. The aim of the study is to investigate the interplay between oxidative stress and acute respiratory failure, and the role of non-invasive ventilation in this setting. We enrolled 60 patients suffering from acute respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2 ratio <300): 30 consecutive patients treated with non-invasive ventilation and 30 consecutive patients treated with conventional oxygen therapy. Serum levels of soluble Nox2-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp), a marker of NADPH-oxidase activation, and 8-iso-PGF2α and H2O2, markers of oxidative stress, were evaluated at baseline and after 3 h of treatment. At baseline, higher values of sNOX2-dp, 8-iso-PGF2α and H2O2 are associated with lower values of PaO2/FiO2 ratio (p < 0.001). After 3 h, serum levels of sNOX2-dp, H2O2, and 8-iso-PGF2α significantly decrease in patients treated with non-invasive ventilation, but not in patients treated with conventional oxygen therapy. Delta changes of oxidative stress parameters correlate inversely with the delta changes of PaO2/FiO2 (R = -0.623, p < 0.001 for sNOX2-dp; R = -0.428, p < 0.001 for H2O2; R = -0.548, p < 0.001 for 8-iso-PGF2α). In the acute respiratory failure setting, treatment with non-invasive ventilation reduces the levels of oxidative stress in the first hours. This reduction is associated with an improvement of PaO2/FiO2 ratio as well as in a reduction of NADPH-oxidase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Garramone
- UOC Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bresciani
- UOC Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Fante
- Department of Emergency, M.G. Vannini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Corinti
- UOC Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Brunori
- Respiratory Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bertazzoni
- UOC Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Carnevale R, Nocella C, Petrozza V, Cammisotto V, Pacini L, Sorrentino V, Martinelli O, Irace L, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Pastori D, Violi F. Localization of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia Coli into human atherosclerotic plaque. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3598. [PMID: 29483584 PMCID: PMC5826929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies showed that gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is pro-atherogenic, however, its relationship with human atherosclerosis is still to be defined. We investigate if gut-derived LPS from Escherichia Coli localizes in human carotid plaque and its potential role as pro-inflammatory molecule in the atherosclerotic lesion. LPS from Escherichia Coli and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were studied in specimens from carotid and thyroid arteries of 10 patients undergoing endarterectomy and 15 controls matched for demographic and clinical characteristics. Blood LPS were significantly higher in patients compared to controls. Immunochemistry analysis revealed positivity for antibodies against LPS and TLR4 coincidentally with positivity for CD68 only in the atherosclerotic plaque of carotid arteries but not in thyroid arteries; the positivity for LPS and TLR4 was greater in the area with activated macrophages. LPS concentration similar to that detected in atherosclerotic plaque resulted in a dose-dependent TLR4-mediated Nox2 up-regulation by human monocytes. These data provide the first evidence that LPS from Escherichia Coli localizes in human plaque and may contribute to atherosclerotic damage via TLR4-mediated oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- I Medical Clinic, Atherothrombosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pacini
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Veronica Sorrentino
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Ombretta Martinelli
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Department "Paride Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Irace
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Department "Paride Stefanini", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- I Medical Clinic, Atherothrombosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- I Medical Clinic, Atherothrombosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Carpino G, Pastori D, Baratta F, Overi D, Labbadia G, Polimeni L, Di Costanzo A, Pannitteri G, Carnevale R, Del Ben M, Arca M, Violi F, Angelico F, Gaudio E. PNPLA3 variant and portal/periportal histological pattern in patients with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a possible role for oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15756. [PMID: 29150621 PMCID: PMC5693899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is influenced by predisposing genetic variations, dysmetabolism, systemic oxidative stress, and local cellular and molecular cross-talks. Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene I148M variant is a known determinant of NAFLD. Aims were to evaluate whether PNPLA3 I148M variant was associated with a specific histological pattern, hepatic stem/progenitor cell (HpSC) niche activation and serum oxidative stress markers. Liver biopsies were obtained from 54 NAFLD patients. The activation of HpSC compartment was evaluated by the extension of ductular reaction (DR); hepatic stellate cells, myofibroblasts (MFs), and macrophages were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Systemic oxidative stress was assessed measuring serum levels of soluble NOX2-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp) and 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α). PNPLA3 carriers showed higher steatosis, portal inflammation and HpSC niche activation compared to wild-type patients. DR was correlated with NAFLD activity score (NAS) and fibrosis score. Serum 8-iso-PGF2α were significantly higher in I148M carriers compared to non-carriers and were correlated with DR and portal inflammation. sNox2-dp was correlated with NAS and with HpSC niche activation. In conclusion, NAFLD patients carrying PNPLA3 I148M are characterized by a prominent activation of HpSC niche which is associated with a more aggressive histological pattern (portal fibrogenesis) and increased oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Baratta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Overi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Labbadia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Licia Polimeni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Costanzo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pannitteri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anaesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Arca
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelico
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Loffredo L, Baratta F, Ludovica P, Battaglia S, Carnevale R, Nocella C, Novo M, Pannitteri G, Ceci F, Angelico F, Violi F, Del Ben M. Effects of dark chocolate on endothelial function in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 28:143-149. [PMID: 29329924 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in inducing endothelial dysfunction and progression from simple fatty liver steatosis (FLD) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Polyphenols could reduce oxidative stress and restore endothelial function by inhibiting the nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-phosphate (NADPH) oxidase isoform Nox2. The aim of this study was to assess endothelial function and oxidative stress in a population affected by simple FLD and NASH. Furthermore, we analysed the effect of high vs low content of cocoa polyphenols on endothelial function and oxidative stress in patients with NASH. METHODS In a cross-sectional study we analysed endothelial function, as assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and oxidative stress, as assessed by Nox2 activation, serum isoprostanes and nitric oxide bioavailability (NOx), in patients with NASH (n = 19), FLD (n = 19) and controls (n = 19). Then, we performed a randomized, cross-over study in 19 subjects with NASH comparing the effect of 14-days administration of 40 g of chocolate at high (dark chocolate, cocoa >85%) versus low content (milk chocolate, cocoa <35%) of polyphenols on FMD and oxidative stress. Compared to controls, NASH and FLD patients had higher Nox2 activity and isoprostanes levels and lower FMD and NOx, with a significant gradient between FLD and NASH. The interventional study showed that, compared to baseline, FMD and NOx increased (from 2.9 ± 2.4 to 7.2 ± 3.0% p < 0.001 and from 15.9 ± 3.6 to 20.6 ± 4.9 μM, p < 0.001, respectively) in subjects given dark but not in those given milk chocolate. A simple linear regression analysis showed that Δ (expressed by difference of values between before and after 14 days of chocolate assumption) of FMD was associated with Δ of Nox2 activity (Rs = -0.323; p = 0.04), serum isoprostanes (Rs: -0.553; p < 0.001) and NOx (Rs: 0.557; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cocoa polyphenols improve endothelial function via Nox2 down-regulation in NASH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Loffredo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - F Baratta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P Ludovica
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Battaglia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Carnevale
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Nocella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Novo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Pannitteri
- Department of Heart and Great Vessels "A. Reale", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - F Ceci
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Angelico
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - F Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Del Ben
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Violi F, Loffredo L, Carnevale R, Pignatelli P, Pastori D. Atherothrombosis and Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Management in Elderly. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1083-1124. [PMID: 28816059 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs) increases with age, representing the main cause of death in an elderly population. Aging is associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may affect clotting and platelet activation, and impair endothelial function, thus predisposing elderly patients to thrombotic complications. Recent Advances: There is increasing evidence to suggest that aging is associated with an imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Thus, upregulation of ROS-producing enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and myeloperoxidase, along with downregulation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, occurs during aging. This imbalance may predispose to thrombosis by enhancing platelet and clotting activation and eliciting endothelial dysfunction. Recently, gut-derived products, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and lipopolysaccharide, are emerging as novel atherosclerotic risk factors, and gut microbiota composition has been shown to change by aging, and may concur with the increased cardiovascular risk in the elderly. CRITICAL ISSUES Antioxidant treatment is ineffective in patients at risk or with cardiovascular disease. Further, anti-thrombotic treatment seems to work less in the elderly population. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Interventional trials with antioxidants targeting enzymes implicated in aging-related atherothrombosis are warranted to explore whether modulation of redox status is effective in lowering CVEs in the elderly. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1083-1124.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Violi
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy .,2 Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome , Latina, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
C2238 ANP gene variant promotes increased platelet aggregation through the activation of Nox2 and the reduction of cAMP. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630469 PMCID: PMC5476672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjects carrying the C2238 variant of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene have a higher occurrence of stroke and acute coronary syndrome, suggesting an increased predisposition to acute thrombotic events in these subjects. We evaluated for the first time the direct effects of mutant ANP (C2238/αANP) on platelet activation in vitro and in human subjects. In vitro, platelets were incubated with no peptide, with T2238/αANP (WT) or with C2238/αANP at different concentrations. C2238/αANP (10−10 M) induced higher collagen-induced platelet aggregation with respect to both control without ANP and T2238/αANP. This effect was even stronger at a higher concentration (10−6 M). Mechanistically, C2238/αANP significantly lowered platelet cAMP levels, increased ROS production and activated Nox2, with respect to both control and T2238/αANP. Forskolin, a cAMP activator, and sNOX2-tat, a Nox2 inhibitor, significantly reduced the pro-aggregant effects of C2238/αANP. In vivo, we found that platelet aggregation resulted to be higher in patients with atrial fibrillation carrying the C2238 ANP gene variant with respect to non-carriers. In conclusions, C2238/αANP promotes platelet aggregation through the activation of Nox2 and the reduction of cAMP.
Collapse
|
34
|
Nocella C, Carnevale R, Bartimoccia S, Novo M, Cangemi R, Pastori D, Calvieri C, Pignatelli P, Violi F. Lipopolysaccharide as trigger of platelet aggregation via eicosanoid over-production. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1558-1570. [PMID: 28492699 DOI: 10.1160/th16-11-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on platelet aggregation is still controversial. We performed in vitro and ex vivo studies in controls and in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to assess the effect of LPS on platelet activation (PA). LPS (15-100 pg/ml) significantly increased PA only if combined with sub-threshold concentrations (STC) of collagen or ADP; this effect was associated with increased platelet H2O2 production, Nox2 activation, PLA2 phosphorylation, thromboxane (Tx)A2 and 8-iso-PGF2α-III, and was inhibited by aspirin, TxA2 receptor antagonist or by Toll-like receptor 4 blocking peptide (TLR4bp). Analysis of up-stream signalling potentially responsible for Nox2 and PLA2 activation demonstrated that LPS-mediated PA was associated with phosphorylation of AKT, p38 and p47phox translocation. In 10 consecutive CAP patients serum endotoxins were significantly higher compared to 10 controls (145 [115-187] vs 18 [6-21] pg/ml; p<0.01). Ex vivo study showed that agonist-stimulated platelets were associated with enhanced PA (p<0.01), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression (p<0.05), TxA2 (p<0.01) and 8-iso-PGF2α-III (p<0.01) production in CAP patients compared to controls. The study provides evidence that LPS amplifies the platelet response to common agonists via TLR4-mediated eicosanoid production and suggests LPS as a potential trigger for PA in CAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Violi
- Francesco Violi, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy, Tel.: +39 064461933, Fax: +39 0649970103, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Violi F, Carnevale R, Loffredo L, Pignatelli P, Gallin JI. NADPH Oxidase-2 and Atherothrombosis: Insight From Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:218-225. [PMID: 27932349 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The phagocytic cell enzyme NADPH oxidase-2 (Nox2) is critical for killing micro-organisms via production of reactive oxygen species and thus is a key element of the innate immune system. Nox2 is also detectable in endothelial cells and platelets where it has vasoconstrictive and aggregating properties, respectively. Patients with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease with hereditary Nox2 deficiency not only have impaired bacterial killing but, in association with loss of Nox2 function, also have enhanced carotid artery dilation, impaired platelet-related thrombosis, and reduced carotid atherosclerotic burden. Experimental studies corroborated these reports in chronic granulomatous disease by demonstrating (1) Nox2 is upregulated in atherosclerotic plaque, and this upregulation significantly correlates with oxidative stress and (2) pharmacological inhibition of Nox2 is associated with a delayed atherosclerotic progression in animal models. Furthermore, the role of Nox2 in platelet-associated thrombosis was substantiated by experiments showing impaired platelet activation in animals treated with a Nox2 inhibitor or impaired platelet aggregation along with reduced platelet-related thrombosis in the mouse knockout model of Nox2. Interestingly, in chronic granulomatous disease patients and in the mouse knockout model of Nox2, no defects of primary hemostasis were detected. This review analyses experimental and clinical data suggesting Nox2 is a potential target for counteracting the atherothrombotic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Violi
- From the Division of I Clinica Medica, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.V., L.L., P.P.); Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy (R.C.); and Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.I.G.).
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- From the Division of I Clinica Medica, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.V., L.L., P.P.); Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy (R.C.); and Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.I.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- From the Division of I Clinica Medica, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.V., L.L., P.P.); Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy (R.C.); and Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.I.G.)
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- From the Division of I Clinica Medica, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.V., L.L., P.P.); Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy (R.C.); and Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.I.G.)
| | - John I Gallin
- From the Division of I Clinica Medica, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.V., L.L., P.P.); Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy (R.C.); and Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.I.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Loffredo L, Del Ben M, Perri L, Carnevale R, Nocella C, Catasca E, Baratta F, Ceci F, Polimeni L, Gozzo P, Violi F, Angelico F. Effects of dark chocolate on NOX-2-generated oxidative stress in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:279-86. [PMID: 27265388 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is considered a pathogenetic mechanism determining fibrosis and disease progression in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Polyphenols exert antioxidant action and inhibit NADPH oxidase in humans. AIM To analyse the effect of cocoa polyphenols on NADPH oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2) activation, oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis in a population affected by NASH. METHODS In a cross-sectional study comparing 19 NASH and 19 controls, oxidative stress, as assessed by serum NOX2 activity and F2-isoprostanes, and hepatocyte apoptosis, as assessed by serum cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) levels, were measured. Furthermore, the 19 NASH patients were randomly allocated in a crossover design to 40 g/day of dark chocolate (>85% cocoa) or 40 g/day of milk chocolate (<35% cocoa), for 2 weeks. sNOX2-dp, serum isoprostanes and CK-18 were assessed at baseline and after 2 weeks of chocolate intake. RESULTS Compared to controls, NASH patients had higher sNOX2-dp, serum isoprostanes and CK-18 levels. A significant difference for treatments was found in subjects with respect to sNOX2-dp, serum isoprostanes and serum CK-18. The pairwise comparisons showed that, compared to baseline, after 14 days of dark chocolate intake, a significant reduction in sNOX2-dp serum isoprostanes and CK-18 M30 was found. No change was observed after milk chocolate ingestion. A simple linear regression analysis showed that ∆ of sNOX2-dp was associated with ∆ of serum isoprostanes. CONCLUSION Cocoa polyphenols exert an antioxidant activity via NOX2 down-regulation in NASH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Loffredo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Del Ben
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Perri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Carnevale
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Nocella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E Catasca
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Baratta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Ceci
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Polimeni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P Gozzo
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - F Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Angelico
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dimassi S, Chahed K, Boumiza S, Canault M, Tabka Z, Laurant P, Riva C. Role of eNOS- and NOX-containing microparticles in endothelial dysfunction in patients with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1305-12. [PMID: 27130266 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the pathophysiological profile of patients who have obesity and to investigate the potential role of circulating microparticles (MPs) in endothelial dysfunction in patients who have obesity. METHODS The inflammatory and oxidative status and the cutaneous microvascular blood flow were characterized in 69 patients with android obesity and 46 subjects with normal weight (controls) by using laser Doppler flowmetry. Circulating MP levels were measured by flow cytometry, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression in MPs was investigated by Western blotting. MP effect on vascular reactivity was assessed in rat aorta rings. RESULTS Patients with obesity showed endothelial dysfunction, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In controls, low MP levels were positively correlated with normal microvascular function. Western blot analysis revealed reduced eNOS and increased NOX4D expression in MPs from subjects with obesity compared with controls. However, this was not correlated with endothelial dysfunction parameters and did not impair ex vivo endothelium-dependent vasodilation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MPs do not contribute directly to endothelial dysfunction associated with obesity. Conversely, eNOS- and NOX-containing MPs could be involved in the compensatory mechanism of vascular endothelial cells to counteract the pathologic mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saloua Dimassi
- Avignon University, LAPEC EA4278, Avignon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Sousse University, UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire, Biologie, Médecine et Santé, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Karim Chahed
- Faculty of Medicine, Sousse University, UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire, Biologie, Médecine et Santé, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Boumiza
- Faculty of Medicine, Sousse University, UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire, Biologie, Médecine et Santé, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Matthias Canault
- INRA, UMR 1260, Marseille, France
- INSERM, UMR 1062, Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Zouhair Tabka
- Faculty of Medicine, Sousse University, UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire, Biologie, Médecine et Santé, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
De Falco E, Carnevale R, Pagano F, Chimenti I, Fianchini L, Bordin A, Siciliano C, Monticolo R, Equitani F, Carrizzo A, Peruzzi M, Vecchione C, Rubattu S, Sciarretta S, Frati G. Role of NOX2 in mediating doxorubicin-induced senescence in human endothelial progenitor cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 159:37-43. [PMID: 27181082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Senescence exerts a great impact on both biological and functional properties of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), especially in cardiovascular diseases where the physiological process of aging is accelerated upon clinical administration of certain drugs such as doxorubicin. EPC impairment contributes to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Doxorubicin accelerates EPC aging, although mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain to be fully clarified. Here we investigated if Nox2 activity is able to modulate the premature senescence induced in vitro by doxorubicin in human EPCs. Results showed that in conditioned media obtained from late EPC cultures, the levels of interleukin-6, isoprostanes and nitric oxide bioavailability were increased and reduced respectively after 3h of doxorubicin treatment. These derangements returned to physiological levels when cells were co-treated with apocynin or gp91ds-tat (antioxidant and specific Nox2 inhibitors, respectively). Accordingly, Nox2 activity resulted to be activated by doxorubicin. Importantly, we found that Nox2 inhibition reduced doxorubicin-induced EPC senescence, as indicated by a lower percentage of β-gal positive EPCs. In conclusion, Nox2 activity efficiently contributes to the mechanism of oxidative stress-induced increase in premature aging conferred by doxorubicin. The importance of modulation of Nox2 in human EPCs could reveal a useful tool to restore EPC physiological function and properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Luca Fianchini
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Antonella Bordin
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Camilla Siciliano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Roberto Monticolo
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Equitani
- Transfusion Medicine and Immuno-Hematology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy.
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Carnevale R, Sciarretta S, Violi F, Nocella C, Loffredo L, Perri L, Peruzzi M, Marullo AGM, De Falco E, Chimenti I, Valenti V, Biondi-Zoccai G, Frati G. Acute Impact of Tobacco vs Electronic Cigarette Smoking on Oxidative Stress and Vascular Function. Chest 2016; 150:606-12. [PMID: 27108682 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular safety of electronic cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) must still be clarified. We compared the impact of e-Cigarettes vs traditional tobacco cigarettes on oxidative stress and endothelial function in healthy smokers and nonsmoker adults. METHODS A crossover, single-blind study was performed in 40 healthy subjects (20 smokers and 20 nonsmokers, matched for age and sex). First, all subjects smoked traditional tobacco cigarettes. One week later, the same subjects smoked an e-Cigarette with the same nominal nicotine content. Blood samples were drawn just before and after smoking, and markers of oxidative stress, nitric oxide bioavailability, and vitamin E levels were measured. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was also measured. RESULTS Smoking both e-Cigarettes and traditional cigarettes led to a significant increase in the levels of soluble NOX2-derived peptide and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and a significant decrease in nitric oxide bioavailability, vitamin E levels, and FMD. Generalized estimating equation analysis confirmed that all markers of oxidative stress and FMD were significantly affected by smoking and showed that the biologic effects of e-Cigarettes vstraditional cigarettes on vitamin E levels (P = .413) and FMD (P = .311) were not statistically different. However, e-Cigarettes seemed to have a lesser impact than traditional cigarettes on levels of soluble NOX2-derived peptide (P = .001), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (P = .046), and nitric oxide bioavailability (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that both cigarettes have unfavorable effects on markers of oxidative stress and FMD after single use, although e-Cigarettes seemed to have a lesser impact. Future studies are warranted to clarify the chronic vascular effects of e-Cigarette smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Perri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino G M Marullo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Valenti
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, Pozzilli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mehrzadi S, Kamrava SK, Dormanesh B, Motevalian M, Hosseinzadeh A, Hosseini Tabatabaei SMT, Ghaznavi H. Melatonin synergistically enhances protective effect of atorvastatin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat kidney. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:265-71. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The risk of serious side-effects such as nephrotoxicity is the principal limitation of gentamicin (GEN) therapeutic efficacy. Oxidative stress is considered to be an important mediator of GEN-induced nephrotoxicity. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of melatonin (MT) plus atorvastatin (ATO) against GEN-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. We utilized 30 male Wistar albino rats allocated in 5 groups, each containing 6 rats: control, GEN (100 mg/kg/day), ATO (10 mg/kg/day) + GEN, MT (20 mg/kg/day) + GEN, and ATO (10 mg/kg/day) plus MT (20 mg/kg/day) + GEN. Kidney weight, serum creatinine and urea concentration, renal ROS, MDA, GSH levels, SOD, and CAT activity were determined. GEN-induced nephrotoxicity was evidenced by marked elevations in serum urea and creatinine, kidney weight, renal ROS, and MDA levels and reduction in renal GSH level, SOD and CAT activity. MT pretreatment significantly lowered the elevated serum creatinine concentration, kidney weight, renal ROS and MDA levels. However ATO could not reduce these parameters, but similarly to MT, it was able to enhance the renal GSH level, CAT and SOD activity. In addition, a combination therapy of MT plus ATO enhanced the beneficial effects of ATO, while not changing the effects of MT effects or even improving them. The present study indicates that a combination therapy of MT plus ATO can attenuate renal injury in rats treated with GEN, possibly by reducing oxidative stress, and it seems that MT can enhance the beneficial effects of ATO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- ENT- Head & Neck Research Center, Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafshe Dormanesh
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Razi Drug Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Santilli F, D'Ardes D, Davì G. Oxidative stress in chronic vascular disease: From prediction to prevention. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 74:23-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
42
|
Zhang W, Liu Z, Liu C. Effect of lipid-modifying therapy on long-term mortality after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a systemic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg 2015; 39:794-801. [PMID: 25385163 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-014-2858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several observational studies have demonstrated that lipid-modifying therapy may improve long-term survival in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients after repair. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating the effect of lipid-modifying therapy on long-term mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic search of multiple databases up to April 2014. Studies that evaluated exposure to lipid-modifying therapy, reported mortality data and hazard ratio (HR) or provided survival curve for their estimation were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled HR estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model. RESULTS Eight studies (seven cohorts, one post hoc study of a randomization controlled trial) reporting 2,605 patients on lipid-modifying therapy were included. Meta-analysis showed a significant 39% reduction in long-term mortality with lipid-modifying therapy (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.51-0.73). After exclusion of one study which was contributing to considerable heterogeneity, a significant 33% reduction in mortality risk was a more conservative, consistent estimate (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.59-0.77). CONCLUSION Meta-analysis of studies supports a protective role of lipid-modifying therapy on mortality risk after AAA repair. Aggressive lipid intervention should be recommended to those who receiving AAA repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Violi F, Pignatelli P. Clinical Application of NOX Activity and Other Oxidative Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease: A Critical Review. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:514-32. [PMID: 24382131 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The oxidative stress theory of atherosclerosis is based on the assumption that the production of reactive oxidant species (ROS) by blood, as well as resident cells of the artery wall, elicits the formation of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), which, in turn, promotes a series of inflammatory responses, ultimately leading to atherosclerotic plaque. This theory prompted the development of new laboratory methodologies that aimed at assessing the relationship between oxidative stress and clinical progression of human atherosclerosis. CRITICAL ISSUES Markers assessing the oxidation of phospholipid and protein components of LDL were among the first to be developed. Clinical trials included cross-sectional as well as retrospective and prospective studies that, however, provided equivocal results. Thus, clear evidence that oxidative biomarkers add more to the risk stratification by common atherosclerotic risk factors is still lacking. RECENT ADVANCES More recently, the analysis of oxidative stress focused on enzymatic pathways generating ROS, such as NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Experimental and clinical studies suggest that both enzymes may be implicated in promoting atherosclerotic disease. Novel laboratory methodologies have been, therefore, developed to study NADPH oxidase and MPO in patients with stable atherosclerosis as well as in patients with acute coronary and cerebro-vascular syndromes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS This review will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the current methodology to study these enzymes in human atherosclerosis with particular regard to their clinical application in several settings of cardiovascular disease. Clinical methodology and results of previous studies with regard to markers of LDL oxidation have also been reviewed as a useful background for the future development of clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Violi
- I Clinica Medica , Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- I Clinica Medica , Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Violi F, Carnevale R, Calvieri C, Nocella C, Falcone M, Farcomeni A, Taliani G, Cangemi R. Nox2 up-regulation is associated with an enhanced risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with pneumonia. Thorax 2015; 70:961-6. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
45
|
HIV-1 induces in vivo platelet activation by enhancing platelet NOX2 activity. J Infect 2015; 70:651-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
46
|
Schär MY, Curtis PJ, Hazim S, Ostertag LM, Kay CD, Potter JF, Cassidy A. Orange juice-derived flavanone and phenolic metabolites do not acutely affect cardiovascular risk biomarkers: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in men at moderate risk of cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:931-8. [PMID: 25788001 PMCID: PMC4409690 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.104364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic data suggest inverse associations between citrus flavanone intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, insufficient randomized controlled trial data limit our understanding of the mechanisms by which flavanones and their metabolites potentially reduce cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of orange juice or a dose-matched hesperidin supplement on plasma concentrations of established and novel flavanone metabolites and their effects on cardiovascular risk biomarkers in men at moderate CVD risk. DESIGN In an acute, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 16 fasted participants (aged 51-69 y) received orange juice or a hesperidin supplement (both providing 320 mg hesperidin) or control (all matched for sugar and vitamin C content). At baseline and 5 h postintake, endothelial function (primary outcome), blood pressure, arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic function, platelet activation, and NADPH oxidase gene expression and plasma flavanone metabolites were assessed. Before each intervention, a diet low in flavonoids, nitrate/nitrite, alcohol, and caffeine was followed, and a standardized low-flavonoid evening meal was consumed. RESULTS Orange juice intake significantly elevated mean ± SEM plasma concentrations of 8 flavanone (1.75 ± 0.35 μmol/L, P < 0.0001) and 15 phenolic (13.27 ± 2.22 μmol/L, P < 0.0001) metabolites compared with control at 5 h postconsumption. Despite increased plasma flavanone and phenolic metabolite concentrations, cardiovascular risk biomarkers were unaltered. After hesperidin supplement intake, flavanone metabolites were not different from the control, suggesting altered absorption/metabolism compared with the orange juice matrix. CONCLUSIONS After single-dose flavanone intake within orange juice, circulating flavanone and phenolic metabolites collectively reached a concentration of 15.20 ± 2.15 μmol/L, but no effects were observed on cardiovascular risk biomarkers. Longer-duration randomized controlled trials are required to examine previous associations between higher flavanone intakes and improved cardiovascular health and to ascertain the relative importance of food matrix and flavanone-derived phenolic metabolites. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530893.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Y Schär
- From the Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Curtis
- From the Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Hazim
- From the Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa M Ostertag
- From the Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Colin D Kay
- From the Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - John F Potter
- From the Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- From the Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Karimi Galougahi K, Antoniades C, Nicholls SJ, Channon KM, Figtree GA. Redox biomarkers in cardiovascular medicine. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:1576-82, 1582a-b. [PMID: 25888005 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The central role of oxidative signalling in cardiovascular pathophysiology positions biometric measures of redox state as excellent markers for research and clinical application. However, despite this tantalizing biological plausibility, no redox biomarker is currently in widespread clinical use. Major recent insights into the mechanistic complexities of redox signalling may yet provide the opportunity to identify markers that most closely reflect the underlying pathobiology. Such redox biomarkers may, in principle, quantify the integrated effects of various known and unknown pathophysiological drivers of cardiovascular disease processes. Recent advances with the greatest potential include assays measuring post-translational oxidative modifications that have significant cellular effects. However, analytical issues, including the relative instability of redox-modified products, remain a major technical obstacle. Appreciation of these challenges may facilitate future development of user-friendly markers with prognostic value in addition to traditional risk factors, and which could be used to guide personalized cardiovascular therapies. We review both established and recently identified biomarkers of redox signalling, and provide a realistic discussion of the many challenges that remain if they are to be incorporated into clinical practice. Despite the current lack of redox biomarkers in clinical application, the integral role of reactive oxygen species in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease provides a strong incentive for continued efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Karimi Galougahi
- Oxidative Signalling Group, Department of Cardiology, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Stephen J Nicholls
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Department of Cardiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Gemma A Figtree
- Oxidative Signalling Group, Department of Cardiology, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tsikas D, Pham VV, Suchy MT, van de Ree MA, Huisman MV, Frölich JC, Princen HM. No effects of atorvastatin (10mg/d or 80mg/d) on nitric oxide, prostacyclin, thromboxane and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of the DALI study. Pharmacol Res 2015; 94:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
49
|
Loffredo L, Zicari AM, Occasi F, Perri L, Carnevale R, Angelico F, Del Ben M, Martino F, Nocella C, Savastano V, Cesoni Marcelli A, Duse M, Violi F. Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in children with sleep disordered breathing: role of NADPH oxidase. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:222-7. [PMID: 25805361 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in impairing endothelial function in sleep disordered breathing (SDB) but the underlying mechanism is still undefined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interplay between oxidative stress, assessed by serum isoprostanes (8-iso-PGF2α) and soluble NOX2-dp (sNOX2-dp), and endothelial function, assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), in children with SDB and healthy controls (HC). METHODS One-hundred forty-four children including 45 with primary snoring (PS), 22 with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and 67 HC were recruited in this study; in 15 out of 22 OSA children FMD, serum 8-iso-PGF2α and sNOX2-dp were assessed before and after one month post adeno-tonsillectomy (AT). RESULTS Compared with HC, OSA and PS children had significantly higher sNOX2-dp and serum 8-iso-PGF2α levels and lower FMD; compared with PS, FMD was significantly lower in OSA children. No significant difference for sNOX2-dp and serum 8-iso-PGF2α was observed between OSA and PS children. FMD was inversely correlated with sNOX2-dp levels (p<0.001) and with serum 8-iso-PGF2α (p<0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, sNOX2-dp (p<0.001) and serum 8-iso-PGF2α (p<0.001) were the only independent predictive variables associated with FMD. AT significantly decreased sNOX2-dp and serum 8-iso-PGF2α levels (from 38.2±8.8 to 22.4±11.1 pg/ml, p<0.001, and from 281.4±69.7 to 226.0±66.4 pg/ml, p<0.001, respectively); conversely, FMD significantly increased after AT in OSA children (from 3.0±1.5 to 8.0±2.8%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION This study suggests that NOX2-derived oxidative stress is involved in artery dysfunction in SDB children. Such hypothesis is reinforced by FMD improvement after AT coincidentally with oxidative stress lowering. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02247167.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Ludovica Perri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelico
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Marzia Duse
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Apostolova N, Victor VM. Molecular strategies for targeting antioxidants to mitochondria: therapeutic implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:686-729. [PMID: 25546574 PMCID: PMC4350006 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function and specifically its implication in cellular redox/oxidative balance is fundamental in controlling the life and death of cells, and has been implicated in a wide range of human pathologies. In this context, mitochondrial therapeutics, particularly those involving mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, have attracted increasing interest as potentially effective therapies for several human diseases. For the past 10 years, great progress has been made in the development and functional testing of molecules that specifically target mitochondria, and there has been special focus on compounds with antioxidant properties. In this review, we will discuss several such strategies, including molecules conjugated with lipophilic cations (e.g., triphenylphosphonium) or rhodamine, conjugates of plant alkaloids, amino-acid- and peptide-based compounds, and liposomes. This area has several major challenges that need to be confronted. Apart from antioxidants and other redox active molecules, current research aims at developing compounds that are capable of modulating other mitochondria-controlled processes, such as apoptosis and autophagy. Multiple chemically different molecular strategies have been developed as delivery tools that offer broad opportunities for mitochondrial manipulation. Additional studies, and particularly in vivo approaches under physiologically relevant conditions, are necessary to confirm the clinical usefulness of these molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Apostolova
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, University Jaume I , Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|