1
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Wan Z, Zhang S, Zhong AX, Xu L, Coughlin MF, Pavlou G, Shelton SE, Nguyen HT, Hirose S, Kim S, Floryan MA, Barbie DA, Hodi FS, Kamm RD. Transmural Flow Upregulates PD-L1 Expression in Microvascular Networks. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400921. [PMID: 38696611 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is higher in tumors than in normal tissues. Also, tumoral vasculatures tend to be leakier than normal vessels leading to a higher trans-endothelial or transmural fluid flow. However, it is not clear whether such elevated transmural flow can control endothelial PD-L1 expression. Here, a new microfluidic device is developed to investigate the relationship between transmural flow and PD-L1 expression in microvascular networks (MVNs). After treating the MVNs with transmural flow for 24 h, the expression of PD-L1 in endothelial cells is upregulated. Additionally, CD8 T cell activation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) is suppressed when cultured in the MVNs pre-conditioned with transmural flow. Moreover, transmural flow is able to further increase PD-L1 expression in the vessels formed in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, by utilizing blocking antibodies and knock-out assays, it is found that transmural flow-driven PD-L1 upregulation is controlled by integrin αVβ3. Overall, this study provides a new biophysical explanation for high PD-L1 expression in tumoral vasculatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengpeng Wan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Amy X Zhong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Liling Xu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mark F Coughlin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Georgios Pavlou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sarah E Shelton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Huu Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Satomi Hirose
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Seunggyu Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marie A Floryan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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2
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Scheuermann S, Kristmann B, Engelmann F, Nuernbergk A, Scheuermann D, Koloseus M, Abed T, Solass W, Seitz CM. Unveiling spatial complexity in solid tumor immune microenvironments through multiplexed imaging. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1383932. [PMID: 38566984 PMCID: PMC10985204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Deciphering cellular components and the spatial interaction network of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of solid tumors is pivotal for understanding biologically relevant cross-talks and, ultimately, advancing therapies. Multiplexed tissue imaging provides a powerful tool to elucidate spatial complexity in a holistic manner. We established and cross-validated a comprehensive immunophenotyping panel comprising over 121 markers for multiplexed tissue imaging using MACSima™ imaging cyclic staining (MICS) alongside an end-to-end analysis workflow. Applying this panel and workflow to primary cancer tissues, we characterized tumor heterogeneity, investigated potential therapeutical targets, conducted in-depth profiling of cell types and states, sub-phenotyped T cells within the TIME, and scrutinized cellular neighborhoods of diverse T cell subsets. Our findings highlight the advantage of spatial profiling, revealing immunosuppressive molecular signatures of tumor-associated myeloid cells interacting with neighboring exhausted, PD1high T cells in the TIME of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study establishes a robust framework for spatial exploration of TIMEs in solid tumors and underscores the potency of multiplexed tissue imaging and ultra-deep cell phenotyping in unraveling clinically relevant tumor components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Scheuermann
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- iFIT Cluster of Excellence EXC 2180 ‘Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tuebingen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Beate Kristmann
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fabienne Engelmann
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alice Nuernbergk
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - David Scheuermann
- School of Business and Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marie Koloseus
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tayeb Abed
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Solass
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology (ITMP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian M. Seitz
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- iFIT Cluster of Excellence EXC 2180 ‘Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tuebingen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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3
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Al-Hawary SIS, Tayyib NA, Ramaiah P, Parra RMR, Ibrahim AJ, Mustafa YF, Hussien BM, Alsulami SA, Baljon KJ, Nomani I. Functions of LncRNAs, exosomes derived MSCs and immune regulatory molecules in preeclampsia disease. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154795. [PMID: 37774533 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Modulatory signaling pathway such as T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4), P53 signaling and TIM (T-cell immunoglobin and mucin domain) are important in normal pregnancy and loss of their functions or dysregulation of related genes can lead to some disorders. Inflammation is a process by which your body's white blood cells and the things they make protect you from infection from outside invaders, such as bacteria and viruses. Some cellular and molecular signaling have been categorized to demonstrate the mechanism that protects tolerance to antigens. lncRNAs significantly impact physiological processes like immunity and metabolism, and are linked to tumors, cardiovascular diseases, nervous system disorders, and nephropathy.In this review article, we summarized recent studies about the role of TIGIT, CTLA-4, P53 and TIM regulatory molecules and reviewed dysregulation of these pathway in diseases.We will also talk about the role of lncRNAs and mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Beneen M Hussien
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Sana A Alsulami
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm al, Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ibtesam Nomani
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm al, Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Paolini R, Molfetta R. Dysregulation of DNAM-1-Mediated NK Cell Anti-Cancer Responses in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4616. [PMID: 37760586 PMCID: PMC10527063 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells play a pivotal role in anti-cancer immune responses, thanks to the expression of a wide array of inhibitory and activating receptors that regulate their cytotoxicity against transformed cells while preserving healthy cells from lysis. However, NK cells exhibit severe dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment, mainly due to the reduction of activating receptors and the induction or increased expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptors. An activating receptor that plays a central role in tumor recognition is the DNAM-1 receptor. It recognizes PVR and Nectin2 adhesion molecules, which are frequently overexpressed on the surface of cancerous cells. These ligands are also able to trigger inhibitory signals via immune checkpoint receptors that are upregulated in the tumor microenvironment and can counteract DNAM-1 activation. Among them, TIGIT has recently gained significant attention, since its targeting results in improved anti-tumor immune responses. This review aims to summarize how the recognition of PVR and Nectin2 by paired co-stimulatory/inhibitory receptors regulates NK cell-mediated clearance of transformed cells. Therapeutic approaches with the potential to reverse DNAM-1 dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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5
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Kamali AN, Bautista JM, Eisenhut M, Hamedifar H. Immune checkpoints and cancer immunotherapies: insights into newly potential receptors and ligands. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2023; 11:25151355231192043. [PMID: 37662491 PMCID: PMC10469281 DOI: 10.1177/25151355231192043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint markers and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been increasingly identified and developed as potential immunotherapeutic targets in various human cancers. Despite valuable efforts to discover novel immune checkpoints and their ligands, the precise roles of their therapeutic functions, as well as the broad identification of their counterpart receptors, remain to be addressed. In this context, it has been suggested that various putative checkpoint receptors can be induced upon activation. In the tumor microenvironment, T cells, as crucial immune response against malignant diseases as well as other immune central effector cells, such as natural killer cells, are regulated via co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory signals from immune or tumor cells. Studies have shown that exposure of T cells to tumor antigens upregulates the expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptors, leading to T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion. Although targeting immune checkpoint regulators has shown relative clinical efficacy in some tumor types, most trials in the field of cancer immunotherapies have revealed unsatisfactory results due to de novo or adaptive resistance in cancer patients. To overcome these obstacles, combinational therapies with newly discovered inhibitory molecules or combined blockage of several checkpoints provide a rationale for further research. Moreover, precise identification of their receptors counterparts at crucial checkpoints is likely to promise effective therapies. In this review, we examine the prospects for the application of newly emerging checkpoints, such as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3, lymphocyte activation gene-3, T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), new B7 family proteins, and B- and T-cell lymphocyte attenuator, in association with immunotherapy of malignancies. In addition, their clinical and biological significance is discussed, including their expression in various human cancers, along with their roles in T-cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali N. Kamali
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Simin Dasht Industrial Area, Karaj, Iran
- CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz 3165933155, Iran
| | - José M. Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Eisenhut
- Department of Pediatrics, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - Haleh Hamedifar
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz, Iran
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6
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Paolini R, Molfetta R. CD155 and Its Receptors as Targets for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12958. [PMID: 37629138 PMCID: PMC10455395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CD155, also known as the poliovirus receptor, is an adhesion molecule often overexpressed in tumors of different origins where it promotes cell migration and proliferation. In addition to this pro-tumorigenic function, CD155 plays an immunomodulatory role during tumor progression since it is a ligand for both the activating receptor DNAM-1 and the inhibitory receptor TIGIT, expressed on cytotoxic innate and adaptative lymphocytes. DNAM-1 is a well-recognized receptor involved in anti-tumor immune surveillance. However, in advanced tumor stages, TIGIT is up-regulated and acts as an immune checkpoint receptor, counterbalancing DNAM-1-mediated cancer cell clearance. Pre-clinical studies have proposed the direct targeting of CD155 on tumor cells as well as the enhancement of DNAM-1-mediated anti-tumor functions as promising therapeutic approaches. Moreover, immunotherapeutic use of anti-TIGIT blocking antibody alone or in combined therapy has already been included in clinical trials. The aim of this review is to summarize all these potential therapies, highlighting the still controversial role of CD155 during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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7
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Yan W, Rafieerad A, Alagarsamy KN, Saleth LR, Arora RC, Dhingra S. Immunoengineered MXene nanosystem for mitigation of alloantigen presentation and prevention of transplant vasculopathy. NANO TODAY 2023; 48:None. [PMID: 37187503 PMCID: PMC10181944 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
MXenes are an emerging class of nanomaterials with significant potential for applications in nanomedicine. Amongst MXene technologies, titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) nanomaterials are the most mature and have received significant attention to tackle longstanding clinical challenges due to its tailored physical and material properties. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy is an aggressive form of atherosclerosis and a major cause of mortality among patients with heart transplants. Blood vessel endothelial cells (ECs) stimulate alloreactive T-lymphocytes to result in sustained inflammation. Herein, we report the first application of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets for prevention of allograft vasculopathy. MXene nanosheets interacted with human ECs and downregulated the expression of genes involved in alloantigen presentation, and consequently reduced the activation of allogeneic lymphocytes. RNA-Seq analysis of lymphocytes showed that treatment with MXene downregulated genes responsible for transplant-induced T-cell activation, cell-mediated rejection, and development of allograft vasculopathy. In an in vivo rat model of allograft vasculopathy, treatment with MXene reduced lymphocyte infiltration and preserved medial smooth muscle cell integrity within transplanted aortic allografts. These findings highlight the potential of Ti3C2Tx MXene in treatment of allograft vasculopathy and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiang Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Alireza Rafieerad
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Keshav Narayan Alagarsamy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Leena Regi Saleth
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Rakesh C. Arora
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
- Correspondence to: Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, R-3028-2, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg R2H2A6, Canada.
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8
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CD155 in tumor progression and targeted therapy. Cancer Lett 2022; 545:215830. [PMID: 35870689 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CD155, also known as the poliovirus receptor (PVR), has received considerable attention in recent years because of its intrinsic and extrinsic roles in tumor progression. Although barely expressed in host cells, CD155 is upregulated in tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. High expression of CD155 in tumor cells across multiple cancer types is common and associated with poor patient outcomes. The intrinsic functions of CD155 in tumor cells promote tumor progression and metastasis, whereas its extrinsic immunoregulatory functions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) involve interaction with the upregulated inhibitory immune cell receptor and checkpoint TIGIT, suggesting that CD155 and CD155 pathways are promising tumor immunotherapy targets. Preclinical studies demonstrate that targeting CD155 and its receptor (anti-TIGIT) using a single treatment or in combination with anti-PD-1 can improve immune-mediated tumor control. However, there is still a limited understanding of CD155 and its associated targeting strategies, especially antibody and immune cell editing-related strategies of CD155 in cancer. Here, we review the role of CD155 in host and tumor cells in controlling tumor progression and discuss the potential of targeting CD155 for tumor therapy.
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9
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Jin AL, Zhang CY, Zheng WJ, Xian JR, Yang WJ, Liu T, Chen W, Li T, Wang BL, Pan BS, Li Q, Cheng JW, Wang PX, Hu B, Zhou J, Fan J, Yang XR, Guo W. CD155/SRC complex promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via inhibiting the p38 MAPK signalling pathway and correlates with poor prognosis. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e794. [PMID: 35384345 PMCID: PMC8982318 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy with poor prognosis. As a cell adhesion molecule, poliovirus receptor (PVR/CD155) is abnormally overexpressed in tumour cells, and related to tumour proliferation and invasion. However, the potential role and mechanism of CD155 have not yet been elucidated in HCC. Methods Immunohistochemistry, RT‐PCR and Western blot assays were used to determine CD155 expression in HCC cell lines and tissues. Cell Counting Kit‐8 and colony formation assays were used to examine cell proliferation. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to evaluate cell migration and invasion. Cell apoptosis and cycle distribution were assessed by flow cytometry. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed to explore the clinical significance of CD155. The role of CD155 in vivo was evaluated by establishing liver orthotropic xenograft mice model. RNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis and co‐immunoprecipitation assay were used to explore the downstream signalling pathway of CD155. Results CD155 was upregulated in HCC tissues and represented a promising prognostic indicator for HCC patients (n = 189) undergoing curative resection. High CD155 expression enhanced cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and contributed to cell survival in HCC. CD155 overexpression also induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in HCC cells. CD155 function in HCC involved SRC/p38 MAPK signalling pathway. CD155 interacted with SRC homology‐2 domain of SRC and promoted SRC activation, further inhibiting the downstream p38 MAPK signalling pathway in HCC. Conclusions CD155 promotes HCC progression via the SRC/p38 MAPK signalling pathway. CD155 may represent a predictor for poor postsurgery prognosis in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Li Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Rong Xian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Te Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bei-Li Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Shen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wen Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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10
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Rotte A, Sahasranaman S, Budha N. Targeting TIGIT for Immunotherapy of Cancer: Update on Clinical Development. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1277. [PMID: 34572463 PMCID: PMC8472042 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockers have dramatically improved the chances of survival in patients with metastatic cancer, but only a subset of the patients respond to treatment. Search for novel targets that can improve the responder rates and overcome the limitations of adverse events commonly seen with combination therapies, like PD-1 plus CTLA-4 blockade and PD-1/PD-L1 plus chemotherapy, led to the development of monoclonal antibodies blocking T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), a inhibitory checkpoint receptor expressed on activated T cells and NK cells. The strategy showed potential in pre-clinical and early clinical studies, and 5 molecules are now in advanced stages of evaluation (phase II and above). This review aims to provide an overview of clinical development of anti-TIGIT antibodies and describes the factors considered and thought process during early clinical development. Critical aspects that can decide the fate of clinical programs, such as origin of the antibody, Ig isotype, FCγR binding, and the dose as well as dosing schedule, are discussed along with the summary of available efficacy and safety data from clinical studies and the challenges in the development of anti-TIGIT antibodies, such as identifying patients who can benefit from therapy and getting payer coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Rotte
- Arcellx, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
- Doloxe, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA
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11
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Peled M, Bar-Lev TH, Talalai E, Aspitz HZ, Daniel-Meshulam I, Bar J, Kamer I, Ofek E, Mor A, Onn A. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor is secreted from interferon-γ-activated tumor cells through ER calcium depletion. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250178. [PMID: 33891607 PMCID: PMC8064521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The most successful immunotherapeutic agents are blocking antibodies to either programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), an inhibitory receptor expressed on T lymphocytes, or to its ligand, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Nevertheless, many patients do not respond, and additional approaches, specifically blocking other inhibitory receptors on T cells, are being explored. Importantly, the source of the ligands for these receptors are often the tumor cells. Indeed, cancer cells express high levels of PD-L1 upon stimulation with interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a major cytokine in the tumor microenvironment. The increase in PD-L1 expression serves as a negative feedback towards the immune system, and allows the tumor to evade the attack of immune cells. A potential novel immunoregulator is mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein that is secreted from pancreatic beta cells upon cytokines activation, and can induce an alternatively activated macrophage phenotype (M2), and thus may support tumor growth. While MANF was shown to be secreted from pancreatic beta cells, its IFN-γ-induced secretion from tumor cells has never been assessed. Here we found that IFN-γ induced MANF secretion from diverse tumor cell-lines-melanoma cells, colon carcinoma cells and hepatoma cells. Mechanistically, there was no increase in MANF RNA or intracellular protein levels upon IFN-γ stimulation. However, IFN-γ induced ER calcium depletion, which was necessary for MANF secretion, as Dantrolene, an inhibitor of ER calcium release, prevented its secretion. Thus, MANF is secreted from IFN-γ-stimulated tumor cells, and further studies are required to assess its potential as a drug target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Peled
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Tali H. Bar-Lev
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Efrosiniia Talalai
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Haggar Zoë Aspitz
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Jair Bar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Iris Kamer
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Efrat Ofek
- Pathology Department, Tel HaShomer Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Adam Mor
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Amir Onn
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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12
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Kamrani A, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Shiri S, Yousefzadeh Y, Pourakbari R, Aghebati-Maleki L, Mehdizadeh A, Danaii S, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yousefi B, Kafil HS, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Motavalli R, Zolfaghari M, Haji-Fatahaliha M, Mahmoodpoor A, Ahmadian Heris J, Emdadi A, Yousefi M. TIGIT and CD155 as Immune-Modulator Receptor and Ligand on CD4 + T cells in Preeclampsia Patients. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1023-1038. [PMID: 33855917 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1904976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the main characteristics of preeclampsia (PE) is systemic inflammation. CD4+ FoxP3+ cells play a critical role in both fetomaternal tolerance and successful pregnancy. T-cell immunoglobulin, as well as immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT)/CD155 pathway, possesses critical parts in the development of normal pregnancy by promoting regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, in PE, the relationship between TIGIT/CD155 and Treg differentiation has not been entirely clarified. In the current report, we aimed to assess the frequency of TIGIT and CD155 expressing TCD4+ cells in both PE and healthy pregnant women, as well as evaluating the amount of inflammatory and inhibitory cytokines at both mRNA and protein levels before and after blocking TIGIT and CD155. In the present report, 59 healthy, and 52 PE patients were designated to obtain their venous blood. The isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was performed from the blood samples, and PBMCs were then cultured in the RPMI1640 medium. The percentage of CD155+ and TIGIT+ CD4+ cells was assessed by flow cytometry in PBMCs. Cell culture supernatants were utilized to evaluate the secretory levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1 β, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique in pregnant women with or without PE both before and after blocking TIGIT and CD155. The mRNA expression of Foxp3, TIGIT, CD155, SHP-1, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-1β was also assessed by qRT-PCR in PBMCs before and after blocking TIGIT and CD155 in both populations. The data showed a significant decrease in the frequency of TIGIT+ CD4+ and CD155+ CD4+ T cells in PE women, compared to the control group. Our results showed decreased protein and mRNA levels of TIGIT, CD155, IL-10, FOXP3, and SHP-1 in PE patients. In addition, significant improvements in the levels of IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-1β were observed in PE patients, as compared with the controls. However, blocking TIGIT and CD155 could increase these inflammatory cytokines and decrease anti-inflammatory cytokines. The data obtained in this report illustrated that there existed an imbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profiles, with an inflammatory status polarization, in PE patients. Additionally, TIGIT/CD155 showed a positive effect on immune regulation by activating ITIM, demonstrating the potential therapeutic value of the TIGIT/CD155 pathway in PE treatment. Also, using some proteins or materials that increased TIGIT/CD155 pathways activity and can be a therapeutic approach in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Kamrani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sadaf Shiri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Yousefzadeh
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Pourakbari
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahla Danaii
- Gynecology Department, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Center, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center. Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roza Motavalli
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Haji-Fatahaliha
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asma Emdadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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13
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Depleting Tumor Cells Expressing Immune Checkpoint Ligands-A New Approach to Combat Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040872. [PMID: 33921301 PMCID: PMC8069236 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules (ICPMs), referred to as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have gained a prominent place in cancer therapy. Several ICIs in clinical use have been engineered to be devoid of effector functions because of the fear that ICIs with preserved effector functions could deplete immune cells, thereby curtailing antitumor immune responses. ICPM ligands (ICPMLs), however, are often overexpressed on a sizeable fraction of tumor cells of many tumor types and these tumor cells display an aggressive phenotype with changes typical of tumor cells undergoing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, immune cells expressing ICPMLs are often endowed with immunosuppressive or immune-deviated functionalities. Taken together, these observations suggest that compounds with the potential of depleting cells expressing ICPMLs may become useful tools for tumor therapy. In this article, we summarize the current state of the art of these compounds, including avelumab, which is the only ICI targeting an ICPML with preserved effector functions that has gained approval so far. We also discuss approaches allowing to obtain compounds with enhanced tumor cell-depleting potential compared to native antibodies. Eventually, we propose treatment protocols that may be applied in order to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of compounds that deplete cells expressing ICPMLs.
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14
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Montgomery A, Tam F, Gursche C, Cheneval C, Besler K, Enns W, Manku S, Rey K, Hanson PJ, Rose-John S, McManus BM, Choy JC. Overlapping and distinct biological effects of IL-6 classic and trans-signaling in vascular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C554-C565. [PMID: 33471622 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00323.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
IL-6 affects tissue protective/reparative and inflammatory properties of vascular endothelial cells (ECs). This cytokine can signal to cells through classic and trans-signaling mechanisms, which are differentiated based on the expression of IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) on the surface of target cells. The biological effects of these IL-6-signaling mechanisms are distinct and have implications for vascular pathologies. We have directly compared IL-6 classic and trans-signaling in ECs. Human ECs expressed IL-6R in culture and in situ in coronary arteries from heart transplants. Stimulation of human ECs with IL-6, to model classic signaling, triggered the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, whereas stimulation with IL-6 + sIL-6R, to model trans-signaling, triggered activation of STAT3, PI3K-Akt, and ERK1/2 pathways. IL-6 classic signaling reduced persistent injury of ECs in an allograft model of vascular rejection and inhibited cell death induced by growth factor withdrawal. When inflammatory effects were examined, IL-6 classic signaling did not induce ICAM or CCL2 expression but was sufficient to induce secretion of CXCL8 and support transmigration of neutrophil-like cells. IL-6 trans-signaling induced all inflammatory effects studied. Our findings show that IL-6 classic and trans-signaling have overlapping but distinct properties in controlling EC survival and inflammatory activation. This has implications for understanding the effects of IL-6 receptor-blocking therapies as well as for vascular responses in inflammatory and immune conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/transplantation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokine Receptor gp130/agonists
- Cytokine Receptor gp130/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/transplantation
- Female
- Graft Rejection/metabolism
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Graft Rejection/prevention & control
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/agonists
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashani Montgomery
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Franklin Tam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris Gursche
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine Cheneval
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katrina Besler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Winnie Enns
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sukhkbir Manku
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Rey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bruce M McManus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan C Choy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Fan J, Wang X, Xiao R, Li M. Detecting cell-type-specific allelic expression imbalance by integrative analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009080. [PMID: 33661921 PMCID: PMC7963069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Allelic expression imbalance (AEI), quantified by the relative expression of two alleles of a gene in a diploid organism, can help explain phenotypic variations among individuals. Traditional methods detect AEI using bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, a data type that averages out cell-to-cell heterogeneity in gene expression across cell types. Since the patterns of AEI may vary across different cell types, it is desirable to study AEI in a cell-type-specific manner. Although this can be achieved by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), it requires full-length transcript to be sequenced in single cells of a large number of individuals, which are still cost prohibitive to generate. To overcome this limitation and utilize the vast amount of existing disease relevant bulk tissue RNA-seq data, we developed BSCET, which enables the characterization of cell-type-specific AEI in bulk RNA-seq data by integrating cell type composition information inferred from a small set of scRNA-seq samples, possibly obtained from an external dataset. By modeling covariate effect, BSCET can also detect genes whose cell-type-specific AEI are associated with clinical factors. Through extensive benchmark evaluations, we show that BSCET correctly detected genes with cell-type-specific AEI and differential AEI between healthy and diseased samples using bulk RNA-seq data. BSCET also uncovered cell-type-specific AEIs that were missed in bulk data analysis when the directions of AEI are opposite in different cell types. We further applied BSCET to two pancreatic islet bulk RNA-seq datasets, and detected genes showing cell-type-specific AEI that are related to the progression of type 2 diabetes. Since bulk RNA-seq data are easily accessible, BSCET provides a convenient tool to integrate information from scRNA-seq data to gain insight on AEI with cell type resolution. Results from such analysis will advance our understanding of cell type contributions in human diseases. Detection of allelic expression imbalance (AEI), a phenomenon where the two alleles of a gene differ in their expression magnitude, is a key step towards the understanding of phenotypic variations among individuals. Existing methods detect AEI using bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data and ignore AEI variations among different cell types. Although single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled the characterization of cell-to-cell heterogeneity in gene expression, the high costs have limited its application in AEI analysis. To overcome this limitation, we developed BSCET to characterize cell-type-specific AEI using the widely available bulk RNA-seq data by integrating cell-type composition information inferred from scRNA-seq samples. Since the degree of AEI may vary with disease phenotypes, we further extended BSCET to detect genes whose cell-type-specific AEIs are associated with clinical factors. Through extensive benchmark evaluations and analyses of two pancreatic islet bulk RNA-seq datasets, we demonstrated BSCET’s ability to refine bulk-level AEI to cell-type resolution, and to identify genes whose cell-type-specific AEIs are associated with the progression of type 2 diabetes. With the vast amount of easily accessible bulk RNA-seq data, we believe BSCET will be a valuable tool for elucidating cell type contributions in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xuran Wang
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RX); (ML)
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RX); (ML)
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16
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Johnston RJ, Lee PS, Strop P, Smyth MJ. Cancer Immunotherapy and the Nectin Family. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-060920-084910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly clear that the nectin family and its immunoreceptors shape the immune response to cancer through several pathways. Yet, even as antibodies against TIGIT, CD96, and CD112R advance into clinical development, biological and therapeutic questions remain unanswered. Here, we review recent progress, prospects, and challenges to understanding and tapping this family in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Johnston
- Oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California 94063, USA
| | - Peter S. Lee
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California 94063, USA;,
| | - Pavel Strop
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California 94063, USA;,
| | - Mark J. Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
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17
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Zhao K, Ma L, Feng L, Huang Z, Meng X, Yu J. CD155 Overexpression Correlates With Poor Prognosis in Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:608404. [PMID: 33490104 PMCID: PMC7817973 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.608404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD155/TIGIT overexpression has been detected in various human malignancies; however, its expression status in primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (PSCCE) and its prognostic significance remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression and prognostic value of CD155 and TIGIT in PSCCE. We detected CD155 and TIGIT expression in 114 cases of PSCCE using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and evaluated their relationship with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival of the patients. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. Nomogram performance was assessed via the concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate the net benefit of the nomogram. We found that CD155 and TIGIT were overexpressed in PSCCE tissues, CD155 expression correlated positively with TIGIT (p < 0.001) and was significantly associated with tumor size, T stage, distant metastasis, TNM stage, and Ki-67 score. TIGIT expression was also significantly associated with T stage, distant metastasis, and TNM stage. Patients with high CD155 and TIGIT expression had a significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), while the multivariate model showed that CD155 expression and the therapeutic strategy are independent prognostic factors for PSCCE. In the validation step, OS was shown to be well-calibrated (C-index = 0.724), and a satisfactory clinical utility was proven by DCA. In conclusion, our findings revealed that CD155 and TIGIT are highly expressed in patients with PSCCE and are associated with shorter OS and PFS, supporting their role as prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoqin Huang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangjiao Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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18
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The immune suppressive factors CD155 and PD-L1 show contrasting expression patterns and immune correlates in ovarian and other cancers. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 158:167-177. [PMID: 32446718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.04.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We recently showed that tumors with an immunologically 'cold' phenotype are enriched for expression of stemness-associated genes and PVR/CD155, the ligand of the immunosuppressive molecule TIGIT. To explore the therapeutic implications of this finding, we investigated the relationship between PVR/CD155 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and prognosis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) and other cancers. METHODS Expression of CD155, TIGIT, PD-1, PD-L1, and other immune markers in HGSC was assessed by high-dimensional flow cytometry, multi-color histological imaging, and/or gene expression profiling. The prognostic significance of PVR/CD155 and CD274/PD-L1 expression was assessed bioinformatically in HGSC and 32 other cancers in The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS T cells from HGSC frequently co-expressed TIGIT and PD-1, and the ratio of TIGIT to PD-1 expression increased markedly after in vitro expansion with a clinically relevant protocol. CD155 was commonly expressed on malignant epithelium in HGSC and showed a negative or non-significant association with TIL. In contrast, PD-L1 was predominantly expressed by tumor-associated macrophages and positively associated with TIL. These contrasts between CD155 and PD-L1 were seen across HGSC patients, across metastatic sites within individual patients, and even within individual tumor deposits. PVR/CD155 and CD274/PD-L1 exhibited divergent prognostic associations across diverse cancer types in TCGA, including HGSC. CONCLUSIONS CD155 and PD-L1 exhibit contrasting expression patterns, TIL associations and prognostic significance, suggesting they represent non-redundant immunosuppressive mechanisms. The CD155/TIGIT pathway represents a compelling immunotherapeutic target for HGSC and for immunologically cold tumors in general.
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19
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O'Donnell JS, Madore J, Li XY, Smyth MJ. Tumor intrinsic and extrinsic immune functions of CD155. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 65:189-196. [PMID: 31883911 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD155 (PVR/necl5/Tage4), a member of the nectin-like family of adhesion molecules, is highly upregulated on tumor cells across multiple cancer types and has been associated with worse patient outcomes. In addition to well described cell-intrinsic roles promoting tumor progression and metastasis, CD155 has now been implicated in immune regulation. The role of CD155 as a potent immune ligand with diverse cell-extrinsic functions is now being defined. CD155 signaling to immune cells is mediated through interactions with the co-stimulatory immune receptor CD226 (DNAM-1) and the inhibitory checkpoint receptors TIGIT and CD96, which are differentially regulated at the cell surface on T cells and NK cells. The integration of signals from CD155 cognate receptors modifies the activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in a context-dependent manner, making CD155 an attractive target for immune-oncology. Preclinical studies suggest that targeting this axis can improve immune-mediated tumor control, particularly when combined with existing anti-PD-1 checkpoint therapies. In this review, we discuss the roles of CD155 on host and tumor cells in controlling tumor progression and discuss the possibility of targeting CD155 for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S O'Donnell
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason Madore
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Xian-Yang Li
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
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20
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Harjunpää H, Guillerey C. TIGIT as an emerging immune checkpoint. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 200:108-119. [PMID: 31828774 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed on lymphocytes that was recently propelled under the spotlight as a major emerging target in cancer immunotherapy. TIGIT interacts with CD155 expressed on antigen-presenting cells or tumour cells to down-regulate T cell and natural killer (NK) cell functions. TIGIT has emerged as a key inhibitor of anti-tumour responses that can hinder multiple steps of the cancer immunity cycle. Pre-clinical studies indicated that TIGIT blockade may protect against various solid and haematological cancers. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block the inhibitory activity of human TIGIT have been developed. Clinical trials are ongoing, investigating TIGIT blockade as a monotherapy or in combination with anti-PD1/PD-L1 mAbs for the treatment of patients with advanced solid malignancies. In this review, we cover our current knowledge on TIGIT, from its discovery in 2009 to its current status as a clinical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Harjunpää
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Guillerey
- Cancer Immunotherapies Laboratory, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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21
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Kučan Brlić P, Lenac Roviš T, Cinamon G, Tsukerman P, Mandelboim O, Jonjić S. Targeting PVR (CD155) and its receptors in anti-tumor therapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:40-52. [PMID: 30275538 PMCID: PMC6318332 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Poliovirus receptor (PVR, CD155) has recently been gaining scientific interest as a therapeutic target in the field of tumor immunology due to its prominent endogenous and immune functions. In contrast to healthy tissues, PVR is expressed at high levels in several human malignancies and seems to have protumorigenic and therapeutically attractive properties that are currently being investigated in the field of recombinant oncolytic virotherapy. More intriguingly, PVR participates in a considerable number of immunoregulatory functions through its interactions with activating and inhibitory immune cell receptors. These functions are often modified in the tumor microenvironment, contributing to tumor immunosuppression. Indeed, increasing evidence supports the rationale for developing strategies targeting these interactions, either in terms of checkpoint therapy (i.e., targeting inhibitory receptors) or in adoptive cell therapy, which targets PVR as a tumor marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Kučan Brlić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51 000, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Tihana Lenac Roviš
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51 000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Guy Cinamon
- Nectin Therapeutics Ltd., Hi-Tech Campus Givat Ram, POB 39135, 91390, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Pini Tsukerman
- Nectin Therapeutics Ltd., Hi-Tech Campus Givat Ram, POB 39135, 91390, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51 000, Rijeka, Croatia.
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22
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Li XY, Das I, Lepletier A, Addala V, Bald T, Stannard K, Barkauskas D, Liu J, Aguilera AR, Takeda K, Braun M, Nakamura K, Jacquelin S, Lane SW, Teng MW, Dougall WC, Smyth MJ. CD155 loss enhances tumor suppression via combined host and tumor-intrinsic mechanisms. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2613-2625. [PMID: 29757192 DOI: 10.1172/jci98769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical immune-suppressive pathways beyond programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) require greater attention. Nectins and nectin-like molecules might be promising targets for immunotherapy, since they play critical roles in cell proliferation and migration and exert immunomodulatory functions in pathophysiological conditions. Here, we show CD155 expression in both malignant cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells in humans and mice. Cd155-/- mice displayed reduced tumor growth and metastasis via DNAM-1 upregulation and enhanced effector function of CD8+ T and NK cells, respectively. CD155-deleted tumor cells also displayed slower tumor growth and reduced metastases, demonstrating the importance of a tumor-intrinsic role of CD155. CD155 absence on host and tumor cells exerted an even greater inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. Blockade of PD-1 or both PD-1 and CTLA4 was more effective in settings in which CD155 was limiting, suggesting the clinical potential of cotargeting PD-L1 and CD155 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yang Li
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and
| | - Indrajit Das
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and
| | | | - Venkateswar Addala
- Medical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tobias Bald
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and
| | | | | | - Jing Liu
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and
| | | | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Sebastien Jacquelin
- Gordon and Jessie Gilmour Leukaemia Research Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven W Lane
- Gordon and Jessie Gilmour Leukaemia Research Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michele Wl Teng
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy and
| | - William C Dougall
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and.,Immuno-oncology Discovery, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory and.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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23
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Kraus AK, Chen J, Edenhofer I, Ravens I, Gaspert A, Cippà PE, Mueller S, Wuthrich RP, Segerer S, Bernhardt G, Fehr T. The Role of T Cell Costimulation via DNAM-1 in Kidney Transplantation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147951. [PMID: 26840537 PMCID: PMC4739582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNAX accessory protein-1 (DNAM-1, CD226) is a co-stimulatory and adhesion molecule expressed mainly by natural killer cells and T cells. DNAM-1 and its two ligands CD112 and CD155 are important in graft-versus-host disease, but their role in solid organ transplantation is largely unknown. We investigated the relevance of this pathway in a mouse kidney transplantation model. CD112 and CD155 are constitutively expressed on renal tubular cells and strongly upregulated in acutely rejected renal allografts. In vitro DNAM-1 blockade during allogeneic priming reduced the allospecific T cell response but not the allospecific cytotoxicity against renal tubular epithelial cells. Accordingly, absence of DNAM-1 in recipient mice or absence of CD112 or CD155 in the kidney allograft did not significantly influence renal function and severity of rejection after transplantation, but led to a higher incidence of infarcts in CD112 and CD155 deficient kidney allografts. Thus, DNAM-1 blockade is not effective in preventing transplant rejection. Despite of being highly expressed, CD112 and CD155 do not appear to play a major immunogenic role in kidney transplantation. Considering the high incidence of renal infarcts in CD112 and CD155 deficient grafts, blocking these molecules might be detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Kraus
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilka Edenhofer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ariana Gaspert
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pietro E. Cippà
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Mueller
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rudolf P. Wuthrich
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Segerer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Fehr
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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24
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Nishiwada S, Sho M, Yasuda S, Shimada K, Yamato I, Akahori T, Kinoshita S, Nagai M, Konishi N, Nakajima Y. Nectin-4 expression contributes to tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and patient prognosis in human pancreatic cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:30. [PMID: 25888293 PMCID: PMC4387735 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nectin-4 belongs to the nectin family that has diverse physiological and pathological functions in humans. Recent studies have also suggested some roles for Nectin-4 in several human cancers. However, the precise roles and clinical relevance of Nectin-4 in tumors are largely unknown. METHODS Nectin-4 expression was investigated in 123 patients with pancreatic cancer by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we investigated the association of Nectin-4 in pancreatic cancer with tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and immunity by using immunohistochemistry and siRNA interference method. RESULTS Patients with high Nectin-4 expression had poorer postoperative prognosis than those with low expression. Importantly, multivariate analysis indicated that Nectin-4 expression had a significant independent prognostic value in pancreatic cancer (HR = 1.721, 1.085-2.730; P = 0.021). Tumor Nectin-4 expression was significantly correlated with Ki67 expression. In addition, siRNA-mediated gene silencing of Nectin-4 significantly inhibited the cell proliferation in human pancreatic cancer cells, Capan-2 and BxPC-3. Furthermore, Nectin-4 expression was also positively correlated with VEGF expression and intratumoral microvessel density. However, there were no significant correlations of tumor Nectin-4 expression with tumor-infiltrating T cells. CONCLUSION Nectin-4 is a significant prognostic predictor, and may play a critical role in pancreatic cancer. Nectin-4 may be novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nishiwada
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Keiji Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Yamato
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Akahori
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Shoichi Kinoshita
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Minako Nagai
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Noboru Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Nakajima
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
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25
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von Rossum A, Laher I, Choy JC. Immune-mediated vascular injury and dysfunction in transplant arteriosclerosis. Front Immunol 2015; 5:684. [PMID: 25628623 PMCID: PMC4290675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation is the only treatment for end-stage organ failure but this life-saving procedure is limited by immune-mediated rejection of most grafts. Blood vessels within transplanted organs are targeted by the immune system and the resultant vascular damage is a main contributor to acute and chronic graft failure. The vasculature is a unique tissue with specific immunological properties. This review discusses the interactions of the immune system with blood vessels in transplanted organs and how these interactions lead to the development of transplant arteriosclerosis, a leading cause of heart transplant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna von Rossum
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, BC , Canada
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Jonathan C Choy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, BC , Canada
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26
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Lee M, Choy JC. Positive feedback regulation of human inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression by Ras protein S-nitrosylation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15677-86. [PMID: 23599434 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.475319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) regulates many aspects of physiology and pathology. The expression of iNOS needs to be tightly regulated to balance the broad ranging properties of NO. We have investigated the feedback regulation of cytokine-induced iNOS expression by NO in human cells. The pharmacological inhibition of iNOS activity reduced iNOS protein levels in response to cytokine stimulation in a human epithelial cell line (A549 cells) as well as in primary human astrocytes and bronchial epithelial cells. The addition of exogenous NO using a NO donor prevented the reduction in iNOS levels caused by blockade of iNOS activity. Examination of signaling pathways affected by iNOS indicated that NO S-nitrosylated Ras. Transfection of cells with a S-nitrosylation-resistant Ras mutant reduced iNOS protein levels, indicating a role for this Ras modification in the amplification of iNOS levels. Further, the induction of iNOS protein levels correlated with the late activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, and inhibition of these signaling molecules reduced iNOS levels. Altogether, our findings reveal a previously unknown regulatory pathway that amplifies iNOS expression in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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27
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Tang X, Jing L, Chen J. Changes in the molecular phenotype of nucleus pulposus cells with intervertebral disc aging. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52020. [PMID: 23284858 PMCID: PMC3526492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) disorder and age-related degeneration are believed to contribute to low back pain. Cell-based therapies represent a promising strategy to treat disc degeneration; however, the cellular and molecular characteristics of disc cells during IVD maturation and aging still remain poorly defined. This study investigated novel molecular markers and their age-related changes in the rat IVD. Affymetrix cDNA microarray analysis was conducted to identify a new set of genes characterizing immature nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Among these markers, select neuronal-related proteins (Basp1, Ncdn and Nrp-1), transcriptional factor (Brachyury T), and cell surface receptors (CD24, CD90, CD155 and CD221) were confirmed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for differential expression between IVD tissue regions and among various ages (1, 12 and 21 months). NP cells generally possessed higher levels of mRNA or protein expression for all aforementioned markers, with the exception of CD90 in anulus fibrosus (AF) cells. In addition, CD protein (CD24 and CD90) and Brachyury (T) expression in immature disc cells were also confirmed via flow cytometry. Similar to IHC staining, results revealed a higher percentage of immature NP cells expressing CD24 and Brachyury, while higher percentage of immature AF cells was stained positively for CD90. Altogether, this study identifies that tissue-specific gene expression and age-related differential expression of the above markers do exist in immature and aged disc cells. These age-related phenotype changes provide a new insight for a molecular profile that may be used to characterize NP cells for developing cell-based regenerative therapy for IVD regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Liufang Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Wigren M, Nilsson J, Kolbus D. Lymphocytes in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1562-8. [PMID: 22565046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that atherosclerosis is caused by an inflammatory process in the arterial intima. However, it is only in recent years that it has become clear that this inflammation is modulated by immune responses against plaque antigens. These antigens are primarily believed to be modified self-antigens such as oxidized LDL. The immune system is challenged to determine whether these antigens should be regarded self and tolerated or non-self and eliminated. The latter will result in plaque development while the first will be protective. T cells are key effectors of both types of responses. An activation of regulatory T cells inhibits auto-reactive T effector cells and is anti-inflammatory. In contrast, if Th1 cells become activated in the plaque this is associated with increased inflammation and disease progression. The role of B cells in atherosclerosis remains to be clarified but some species of athero-protective antibodies have been identified. The elucidation of role of immune system in atherosclerosis has revealed new targets for intervention and both vaccines and antibody-based therapies are presently in or due to enter clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wigren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
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29
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Liu AC, Lee M, McManus BM, Choy JC. Induction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression by IL-17 in human vascular endothelial cells: implications for vascular remodeling in transplant vasculopathy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:1544-50. [PMID: 22219320 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IL-17 is a signature cytokine of Th17 cells, a recently described subset of effector CD4 T cells implicated in the development of several pathologies. We have examined the role of IL-17 in regulating endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression in human vascular endothelial cells (ECs) because of the key role of eNOS in determining the pathological outcome of immune-mediated vascular diseases. In cultured ECs, IL-17 increased expression of eNOS, eNOS phosphorylation at Ser(1177), and NO production. The induction of eNOS expression by IL-17 was prevented by the pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB, MEK, and JNK, as well as by small interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing of these signaling pathways. The expression of IL-17 was then examined by immunohistochemistry in human arteries affected by transplant vasculopathy (TV), a vascular condition that is a leading reflection of chronic heart transplant rejection. IL-17 was expressed by infiltrating leukocytes in the intima of arteries with TV, and the majority of IL-17-positive cells were T cells. The number of IL-17-positive cells was not correlated with the intima/media ratio, but was negatively correlated with the amount of luminal occlusion. There was also a significant positive correlation between the number of IL-17-positive cells and the density of eNOS-expressing luminal ECs in arteries with TV. Altogether, these findings show that IL-17 induces the expression of eNOS in human ECs and that this may facilitate outward expansion of arteries afflicted with TV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur C Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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