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Seetharaman S, Devany J, Kim HR, van Bodegraven E, Chmiel T, Tzu-Pin S, Chou WH, Fang Y, Gardel ML. Mechanosensitive FHL2 tunes endothelial function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.16.599227. [PMID: 38948838 PMCID: PMC11212908 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.16.599227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial tissues are essential mechanosensors in the vasculature and facilitate adaptation to various blood flow-induced mechanical cues. Defects in endothelial mechanoresponses can perturb tissue remodelling and functions leading to cardiovascular disease progression. In this context, the precise mechanisms of endothelial mechanoresponses contributing to normal and diseased tissue functioning remain elusive. Here, we sought to uncover how flow-mediated transcriptional regulation drives endothelial mechanoresponses in healthy and atherosclerotic-prone tissues. Using bulk RNA sequencing, we identify novel mechanosensitive genes in response to healthy unidirectional flow (UF) and athero-prone disturbed flow (DF). We find that the transcription as well as protein expression of Four-and-a-half LIM protein 2 (FHL2) are enriched in athero-prone DF both in vitro and in vivo. We then demonstrate that the exogenous expression of FHL2 is necessary and sufficient to drive discontinuous adherens junction morphology and increased tissue permeability. This athero-prone phenotype requires the force-sensitive binding of FHL2 to actin. In turn, the force-dependent localisation of FHL2 to stress fibres promotes microtubule dynamics to release the RhoGEF, GEF-H1, and activate the Rho-ROCK pathway. Thus, we unravelled a novel mechanochemical feedback wherein force-dependent FHL2 localisation promotes hypercontractility. This misregulated mechanoresponse creates highly permeable tissues, depicting classic hallmarks of atherosclerosis progression. Overall, we highlight crucial functions for the FHL2 force-sensitivity in tuning multi-scale endothelial mechanoresponses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Seetharaman
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - John Devany
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ha Ram Kim
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Emma van Bodegraven
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theresa Chmiel
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shentu Tzu-Pin
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wen-hung Chou
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yun Fang
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Margaret Lise Gardel
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Wang E, Andrade MJ, Smith Q. Vascularized liver-on-a-chip model to investigate nicotine-induced dysfunction. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:064108. [PMID: 38155919 PMCID: PMC10754629 DOI: 10.1063/5.0172677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of physiologically relevant in vitro systems for simulating disease onset and progression and predicting drug metabolism holds tremendous value in reducing drug discovery time and cost. However, many of these platforms lack accuracy in replicating the tissue architecture and multicellular interactions. By leveraging three-dimensional cell culture, biomimetic soft hydrogels, and engineered stimuli, in vitro models have continued to progress. Nonetheless, the incorporation of the microvasculature has been met with many challenges, specifically with the addition of parenchymal cell types. Here, a systematic approach to investigating the initial seeding density of endothelial cells and its effects on interconnected networks was taken and combined with hepatic spheroids to form a liver-on-a-chip model. Leveraging this system, nicotine's effects on microvasculature and hepatic function were investigated. The findings indicated that nicotine led to interrupted adherens junctions, decreased guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 expression, impaired angiogenesis, and lowered barrier function, all key factors in endothelial dysfunction. With the combination of the optimized microvascular networks, a vascularized liver-on-a-chip was formed, providing functional xenobiotic metabolism and synthesis of both albumin and urea. This system provides insight into potential hepatotoxicity caused by various drugs and allows for assessing vascular dysfunction in a high throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Melisa J. Andrade
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Colás-Algora N, Muñoz-Pinillos P, Cacho-Navas C, Avendaño-Ortiz J, de Rivas G, Barroso S, López-Collazo E, Millán J. Simultaneous Targeting of IL-1-Signaling and IL-6-Trans-Signaling Preserves Human Pulmonary Endothelial Barrier Function During a Cytokine Storm-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:2213-2222. [PMID: 37732482 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis and severe COVID-19, provoke acute respiratory distress syndrome in which the pathological hyperpermeability of the microvasculature, induced by uncontrolled inflammatory stimulation, causes pulmonary edema. Identifying the inflammatory mediators that induce human lung microvascular endothelial cell barrier dysfunction is essential to find the best anti-inflammatory treatments for critically ill acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. METHODS We have compared the responses of primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells to the main inflammatory mediators involved in cytokine storms induced by sepsis and SARS-CoV2 pulmonary infection and to sera from healthy donors and severely ill patients with sepsis. Endothelial barrier function was measured by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing, quantitative confocal microscopy, and Western blot. RESULTS The human lung microvascular endothelial cell barrier was completely disrupted by IL (interleukin)-6 conjugated with soluble IL-6R (IL-6 receptor) and by IL-1β (interleukin-1beta), moderately affected by TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α and IFN (interferon)-γ and unaffected by other cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, MCP (monocyte chemoattractant protein)-1 and MCP-3. The inhibition of IL-1 and IL-6R simultaneously, but not separately, significantly reduced endothelial hyperpermeability on exposing human lung microvascular endothelial cells to a cytokine storm consisting of 8 inflammatory mediators or to sera from patients with sepsis. Simultaneous inhibition of IL-1 and JAK (Janus kinase)-STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription protein), a signaling node downstream IL-6 and IFN-γ, also prevented septic serum-induced endothelial barrier disruption. CONCLUSIONS These findings strongly suggest a major role for both IL-6 trans-signaling and IL-1β signaling in the pathological increase in permeability of the human lung microvasculature and reveal combinatorial strategies that enable the gradual control of pulmonary endothelial barrier function in response to a cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Colás-Algora
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain (N.C.-A., P.M.-P., C.C.-N., G.d.R., S.B., J.M.)
| | - Pablo Muñoz-Pinillos
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain (N.C.-A., P.M.-P., C.C.-N., G.d.R., S.B., J.M.)
| | - Cristina Cacho-Navas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain (N.C.-A., P.M.-P., C.C.-N., G.d.R., S.B., J.M.)
| | - José Avendaño-Ortiz
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (J.A.O., E.L.-C.)
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain (J.A.O., E.L.-C.)
| | - Gema de Rivas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain (N.C.-A., P.M.-P., C.C.-N., G.d.R., S.B., J.M.)
| | - Susana Barroso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain (N.C.-A., P.M.-P., C.C.-N., G.d.R., S.B., J.M.)
| | - Eduardo López-Collazo
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (J.A.O., E.L.-C.)
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain (J.A.O., E.L.-C.)
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain (N.C.-A., P.M.-P., C.C.-N., G.d.R., S.B., J.M.)
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Slepak TI, Guyot M, Walters W, Eichberg DG, Ivan ME. Dual role of the adhesion G-protein coupled receptor ADRGE5/CD97 in glioblastoma invasion and proliferation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105105. [PMID: 37517698 PMCID: PMC10481366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD97, an adhesion G-protein coupled receptor highly expressed in glioblastoma (GBM), consists of two noncovalently bound domains: the N-terminal fragment (NTF) and C-terminal fragment. The C-terminal fragment contains a GPCR domain that couples to Gα12/13, while the NTF interacts with extracellular matrix components and other receptors. We investigated the effects of changing CD97 levels and its function on primary patient-derived GBM stem cells (pdGSCs) in vitro and in vivo. We created two functional mutants: a constitutively active ΔNTF and the noncleavable dominant-negative H436A mutant. The CD97 knockdown in pdGSCs decreased, while overexpression of CD97 increased tumor size. Unlike other constructs, the ΔNTF mutant promoted tumor cell proliferation, but the tumors were comparable in size to those with CD97 overexpression. As expected, the GBM tumors overexpressing CD97 were very invasive, but surprisingly, the knockdown did not inhibit invasiveness and even induced it in noninvasive U87 tumors. Importantly, our results indicate that NTF was present in the tumor core cells but absent in the pdGSCs invading the brain. Furthermore, the expression of noncleavable H436A mutant led to large tumors that invade by sending massive protrusions, but the invasion of individual tumor cells was substantially reduced. These data suggest that NTF association with CD97 GPCR domain inhibits individual cell dissemination but not overall tumor invasion. However, NTF dissociation facilitates pdGSCs brain infiltration and may promote tumor proliferation. Thus, the interplay between two functional domains regulates CD97 activity resulting in either enhanced cell adhesion or stimulation of tumor cell invasion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana I Slepak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Hospital, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Manuela Guyot
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Hospital, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Winston Walters
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Hospital, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Daniel G Eichberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Hospital, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Michael E Ivan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Hospital, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA.
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Tan C, Kurup S, Dyakiv Y, Kume T. FOXC1 and FOXC2 maintain mitral valve endothelial cell junctions, extracellular matrix, and lymphatic vessels to prevent myxomatous degeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.30.555455. [PMID: 37693499 PMCID: PMC10491158 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.555455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Mitral valve (MV) disease including myxomatous degeneration is the most common form of valvular heart disease with an age-dependent frequency. Genetic evidence indicates mutations of the transcription factor FOXC1 are associated with MV defects, including mitral valve regurgitation. In this study, we sought to determine whether murine Foxc1 and its closely related factor, Foxc2, are required in valvular endothelial cells (VECs) for the maintenance of MV leaflets, including VEC junctions and the stratified trilaminar extracellular matrix (ECM). Methods Adult mice carrying tamoxifen-inducible, endothelial cell (EC)-specific, compound Foxc1;Foxc2 mutations (i.e., EC-Foxc-DKO mice) were used to study the function of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in the maintenance of mitral valves. The EC-mutations of Foxc1/c2 were induced at 7 - 8 weeks of age by tamoxifen treatment, and abnormalities in the MVs of EC-Foxc-DKO mice were assessed via whole-mount immunostaining, immunohistochemistry, and Movat pentachrome/Masson's Trichrome staining. Results EC-deletions of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in mice resulted in abnormally extended and thicker mitral valves by causing defects in regulation of ECM organization with increased proteoglycan and decreased collagen. Notably, reticular adherens junctions were found in VECs of control MV leaflets, and these reticular structures were severely disrupted in EC-Foxc1/c2 mutant mice. PROX1, a key regulator in a subset of VECs on the fibrosa side of MVs, was downregulated in EC-Foxc1/c2 mutant VECs. Furthermore, we determined the precise location of lymphatic vessels in murine MVs, and these lymphatic vessels were aberrantly expanded in EC-Foxc1/c2 mutant mitral valves. Conclusions Our results indicate that Foxc1 and Foxc2 are required for maintaining the integrity of the MV, including VEC junctions, ECM organization, and lymphatic vessels to prevent myxomatous mitral valve degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Tan
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shreya Kurup
- Honors College, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yaryna Dyakiv
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Calcium-dependent cAMP mediates the mechanoresponsive behaviour of endothelial cells to high-frequency nanomechanostimulation. Biomaterials 2023; 292:121866. [PMID: 36526351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial junction plays a central role in regulating intravascular and interstitial tissue permeability. The ability to manipulate its integrity therefore not only facilitates an improved understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms but also provides insight into potential therapeutic solutions. Herein, we explore the effects of short-duration nanometer-amplitude MHz-order mechanostimulation on interendothelial junction stability and hence the barrier capacity of endothelial monolayers. Following an initial transient in which the endothelial barrier is permeabilised due to Rho-ROCK-activated actin stress fibre formation and junction disruption typical of a cell's response to insults, we observe, quite uniquely, the integrity of the endothelial barrier to not only spontaneously recover but also to be enhanced considerably-without the need for additional stimuli or intervention. Central to this peculiar biphasic response, which has not been observed with other stimuli to date, is the role of second messenger calcium and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling. We show that intracellular Ca2+, modulated by the high frequency excitation, is responsible for activating reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton in the barrier recovery phase, in which circumferential actin bundles are formed to stabilise the adherens junctions via a cAMP-mediated Epac1-Rap1 pathway. Despite the short-duration stimulation (8 min), the approximate 4-fold enhancement in the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of endothelial cells from different tissue sources, and the corresponding reduction in paracellular permeability, was found to persist over hours. The effect can further be extended through multiple treatments without resulting in hyperpermeabilisation of the barrier, as found with prolonged use of chemical stimuli, through which only 1.1- to 1.2-fold improvement in TEER has been reported. Such an ability to regulate and enhance endothelial barrier capacity is particularly useful in the development of in vitro barrier models that more closely resemble their in vivo counterparts.
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Exarchos V, Neuber S, Meyborg H, Giampietro C, Chala N, Moimas S, Hinkov H, Kaufmann F, Pramotton FM, Krüger K, Rodriguez Cetina Biefer H, Cesarovic N, Poulikakos D, Falk V, Emmert MY, Ferrari A, Nazari-Shafti TZ. Anisotropic topographies restore endothelial monolayer integrity and promote the proliferation of senescent endothelial cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:953582. [PMID: 36277782 PMCID: PMC9579341 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.953582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombogenicity remains a major issue in cardiovascular implants (CVIs). Complete surficial coverage of CVIs by a monolayer of endothelial cells (ECs) prior to implantation represents a promising strategy but is hampered by the overall logistical complexity and the high number of cells required. Consequently, extensive cell expansion is necessary, which may eventually lead to replicative senescence. Considering that micro-structured surfaces with anisotropic topography may promote endothelialization, we investigated the impact of gratings on the biomechanical properties and the replicative capacity of senescent ECs. After cultivation on gridded surfaces, the cells showed significant improvements in terms of adherens junction integrity, cell elongation, and orientation of the actin filaments, as well as enhanced yes-associated protein nuclear translocation and cell proliferation. Our data therefore suggest that micro-structured surfaces with anisotropic topographies may improve long-term endothelialization of CVIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Exarchos
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Neuber
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Meyborg
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland,Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nafsika Chala
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Moimas
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hristian Hinkov
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kaufmann
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca M. Pramotton
- Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland,Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Krüger
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hector Rodriguez Cetina Biefer
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Cardiac Surgery, City Hospital of Zürich, Site Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland,Department for Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland,Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland,Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timo Z. Nazari-Shafti
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité (Junior) (Digital) Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Timo Z. Nazari-Shafti,
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Wang R, Dai H. Association of platelet count with all-cause mortality from acute respiratory distress syndrome: A cohort study. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24378. [PMID: 35358347 PMCID: PMC9102613 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate whether platelet count was associated with mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. Methods We analyzed patients with ARDS from Multi‐parameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care Database III (MIMIC‐III). Platelet count was measured at the time of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The cox proportional hazard model and subgroup analysis were used to determine the relationship between the platelet count and mortality of ARDS, as well as the consistency of its association. The primary outcome of this study was 365‐day mortality from the date of ICU admission. Result This study enrolled a total of 395 critically ill patients with ARDS. After adjustment for age, gender and ethnicity, the multivariate cox regression model showed that the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of platelet count <192 × 109/L and >296 × 109/L were 2.08 (1.43, 3.04) and 1.35 (0.91, 2.01), respectively, compared with the reference (192–296 ×109/L). After adjusting for confounding factors, lower platelet count (<192 × 109/L) was associated with increased mortality (adjusted HR, 1.71; 95% CI 1.06–2.76, p = 0.0284). However, there was no similar trend in the 30‐day (adjusted HR,1.02; 95% CI 0.54–1.94) or 90‐day (adjusted HR, 1.65; 95% CI 0.94–2.89) mortality. In the subgroup analysis, lower platelet count showed significant interactions with specific populations (p interaction = 0.0413), especially in patients with atrial fibrillation. Conclusion Taken together, our analysis showed that platelet count is an independent predictor of mortality in critically ill patients with ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rennv Wang
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medical, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiwen Dai
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medical, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ebola Virus GP Activates Endothelial Cells via Host Cytoskeletal Signaling Factors. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010142. [PMID: 35062347 PMCID: PMC8781776 DOI: 10.3390/v14010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a lethal disease caused by the highly pathogenic Ebola virus (EBOV), and its major symptoms in severe cases include vascular leakage and hemorrhage. These symptoms are caused by abnormal activation and disruption of endothelial cells (ECs) whose mediators include EBOV glycoprotein (GP) without the need for viral replication. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying virus-host interactions remain largely unknown. Here, we show that EBOV-like particles (VLPs) formed by GP, VP40, and NP activate ECs in a GP-dependent manner, as demonstrated by the upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) expression. VLPs-mediated ECs activation showed a different kinetic pattern from that of TNF-α-mediated activation and was associated with apoptotic ECs disruption. In contrast to TNF-α, VLPs induced ICAM-1 overexpression at late time points. Furthermore, screening of host cytoskeletal signaling inhibitors revealed that focal adhesion kinase inhibitors were found to be potent inhibitors of ICAM-1 expression mediated by both TNF-α and VLPs. Our results suggest that EBOV GP stimulates ECs to induce endothelial activation and dysfunction with the involvement of host cytoskeletal signaling factors, which represent potential therapeutic targets for EVD.
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Simulated Microgravity Increases the Permeability of HUVEC Monolayer through Up-Regulation of Rap1GAP and Decreased Rap2 Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020630. [PMID: 35054818 PMCID: PMC8776081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Space microgravity condition has great physiological influence on astronauts’ health. The interaction of endothelial cells, which control vascular permeability and immune responses, is sensitive to mechanical stress. However, whether microgravity has significant effects on the physiological function of the endothelium has not been investigated. In order to address such a question, a clinostat-based culture model with a HUVEC monolayer being inside the culture vessel under the simulated microgravity (SMG) was established. The transmittance of FITC-tagged dextran was used to estimate the change of integrity of the adherens junction of the HUVEC monolayer. Firstly, we found that the permeability of the HUVEC monolayer was largely increased after SMG treatment. To elucidate the mechanism of the increased permeability of the HUVEC monolayer under SMG, the levels of total expression and activated protein levels of Rap1 and Rap2 in HUVEC cells, which regulate the adherens junction of endothelial cells, were detected by WB and GST pull-down after SMG. As the activation of both Rap1 and Rap2 was significantly decreased under SMG, the expression of Rap1GEF1 (C3G) and Rap1GAP in HUVECs, which regulate the activation of them, was further determined. The results indicate that both C3G and Rap1GAP showed a time-dependent increase with the expression of Rap1GAP being dominant at 48 h after SMG. The down-regulation of the expression of junctional proteins, VE-cadherin and β-catenin, in HUVEC cells was also confirmed by WB and immunofluorescence after SMG. To clarify whether up-regulation of Rap1GAP is necessary for the increased permeability of the HUVEC monolayer after SMG, the expression of Rap1GAP was knocked down by Rap1GAP-shRNA, and the change of permeability of the HUVEC monolayer was detected. The results indicate that knock-down of Rap1GAP reduced SMG-induced leaking of the HUVEC monolayer in a time-dependent manner. In total, our results indicate that the Rap1GAP-Rap signal axis was necessary for the increased permeability of the HUVEC monolayer along with the down-regulation of junctional molecules including VE-cadherin and β-catenin.
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11
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Chesnais F, Hue J, Roy E, Branco M, Stokes R, Pellon A, Le Caillec J, Elbahtety E, Battilocchi M, Danovi D, Veschini L. High content Image Analysis to study phenotypic heterogeneity in endothelial cell monolayers. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:273879. [PMID: 34982151 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) are heterogeneous across and within tissues, reflecting distinct, specialised functions. EC heterogeneity has been proposed to underpin EC plasticity independently from vessel microenvironments. However, heterogeneity driven by contact-dependent or short-range cell-cell crosstalk cannot be evaluated with single cell transcriptomic approaches as spatial and contextual information is lost. Nonetheless, quantification of EC heterogeneity and understanding of its molecular drivers is key to developing novel therapeutics for cancer, cardiovascular diseases and for revascularisation in regenerative medicine. Here, we developed an EC profiling tool (ECPT) to examine individual cells within intact monolayers. We used ECPT to characterise different phenotypes in arterial, venous and microvascular EC populations. In line with other studies, we measured heterogeneity in terms of cell cycle, proliferation, and junction organisation. ECPT uncovered a previously under-appreciated single-cell heterogeneity in NOTCH activation. We correlated cell proliferation with different NOTCH activation states at the single cell and population levels. The positional and relational information extracted with our novel approach is key to elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinning EC heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Chesnais
- Academic centre of reconstructive science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jonas Hue
- Academic centre of reconstructive science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Errin Roy
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marco Branco
- Academic centre of reconstructive science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ruby Stokes
- Academic centre of reconstructive science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Aize Pellon
- Centre for host-microbiome interactions, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Juliette Le Caillec
- Academic centre of reconstructive science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Eyad Elbahtety
- Academic centre of reconstructive science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Matteo Battilocchi
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Davide Danovi
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.,bit.bio, Babraham Research Campus, The Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Cambridge CB22 3FH, UK
| | - Lorenzo Veschini
- Academic centre of reconstructive science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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12
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Liu J, Kuang S, Zheng Y, Liu M, Wang L. Prognostic and predictive significance of the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:99-110. [PMID: 34092607 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of molecular markers that reflect the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) may be beneficial to predict the prognosis of post-operative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS A total of 100 tissue samples from HCC patients were separately stained by immunohistochemistry to examine the expression levels of CD56, CD8α, CD68, FoxP3, CD31 and pan-Keratin. The prognostic values were analyzed by Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis showed that FoxP3 was the independent factor associated with microvascular invasion (MVI), tumor size and envelop invasion; CD68 was associated with envelope invasion and AFP. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that CD68 and FoxP3 expression were significantly associated with relapse free survival (RFS) of HCC patients (P< 0.05). The ROC curve indicated that the combination of tumor number, MVI present and CD68 expression yielded a ROC curve area of 82.3% (86.36% specificity, 68.75% sensitivity) to evaluate the prognosis of HCC patients, which was higher than the classifier established by the combination of tumor number and MVI (78.8% probability, 63.64% specificity and 85.42% sensitivity). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that CD68 and FoxP3 are associated with prognosis of HCC patients, and CD68 can be considered as a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibing Liu
- Department of Interventional Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Interventional Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuwen Kuang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Interventional Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yiling Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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13
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Reglero-Real N, Pérez-Gutiérrez L, Yoshimura A, Rolas L, Garrido-Mesa J, Barkaway A, Pickworth C, Saleeb RS, Gonzalez-Nuñez M, Austin-Williams SN, Cooper D, Vázquez-Martínez L, Fu T, De Rossi G, Golding M, Benoit-Voisin M, Boulanger CM, Kubota Y, Muller WA, Tooze SA, Nightingale TD, Collinson L, Perretti M, Aksoy E, Nourshargh S. Autophagy modulates endothelial junctions to restrain neutrophil diapedesis during inflammation. Immunity 2021; 54:1989-2004.e9. [PMID: 34363750 PMCID: PMC8459396 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The migration of neutrophils from the blood circulation to sites of infection or injury is a key immune response and requires the breaching of endothelial cells (ECs) that line the inner aspect of blood vessels. Unregulated neutrophil transendothelial cell migration (TEM) is pathogenic, but the molecular basis of its physiological termination remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that ECs of venules in inflamed tissues exhibited a robust autophagic response that was aligned temporally with the peak of neutrophil trafficking and was strictly localized to EC contacts. Genetic ablation of EC autophagy led to excessive neutrophil TEM and uncontrolled leukocyte migration in murine inflammatory models, while pharmacological induction of autophagy suppressed neutrophil infiltration into tissues. Mechanistically, autophagy regulated the remodeling of EC junctions and expression of key EC adhesion molecules, facilitating their intracellular trafficking and degradation. Collectively, we have identified autophagy as a modulator of EC leukocyte trafficking machinery aimed at terminating physiological inflammation. Inflamed venular ECs exhibit an autophagic response that localizes to EC contacts EC ATG5 deficiency promotes excessive and faster neutrophil TEM Ablation of EC autophagy increases cell surface expression of adhesion molecules Non-canonical autophagy operates in inflamed ECs and controls neutrophil migration
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Reglero-Real
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Lorena Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Azumi Yoshimura
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Loïc Rolas
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - José Garrido-Mesa
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anna Barkaway
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Catherine Pickworth
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rebeca S Saleeb
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Nuñez
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Shani N Austin-Williams
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Dianne Cooper
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Laura Vázquez-Martínez
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tao Fu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Giulia De Rossi
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V9EL, UK
| | - Matthew Golding
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mathieu Benoit-Voisin
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0022, Japan
| | - William A Muller
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sharon A Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Thomas D Nightingale
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Lucy Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mauro Perretti
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ezra Aksoy
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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14
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Eshaq RS, Harris NR. The role of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ in the hyperglycemia-induced ubiquitination and loss of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 in rat retinal endothelial cells. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12717. [PMID: 34008903 PMCID: PMC10078990 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of the hyperglycemia-induced increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the ubiquitination and degradation of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in the diabetic retina. METHODS Type I diabetes was induced in rats by the injection of streptozotocin, with age-matched non-diabetic rats as controls. Primary rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells were grown in normal or high glucose media for 6 days or in normal glucose media for 24 h with addition of TNF-α and/or IFN-γ. PECAM-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and ubiquitin levels were assessed using Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation assays. Additionally, proteasome activity was assessed both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Under hyperglycemic conditions, total ubiquitination levels in the retina and RRMECs, and PECAM-1 ubiquitination levels in RRMECs, were significantly increased. Additionally, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were significantly increased under hyperglycemic conditions. PECAM-1 levels in RRMECs treated with TNF-α and/or IFN-γ were significantly decreased. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in proteasome activity in the diabetic retina, hyperglycemic RRMECs, and RRMECs treated with TNF-α or IFN-γ. CONCLUSION Tumor necrosis factor-α and IFN-γ may contribute to the hyperglycemia-induced loss of PECAM-1 in retinal endothelial cells, possibly by upregulating PECAM-1 ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa S Eshaq
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Norman R Harris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
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15
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Declercq M, de Zeeuw P, Conchinha NV, Geldhof V, Ramalho AS, García-Caballero M, Brepoels K, Ensinck M, Carlon MS, Bird MJ, Vinckier S, Proesmans M, Vermeulen F, Dupont L, Ghesquière B, Dewerchin M, Carmeliet P, Cassiman D, Treps L, Eelen G, Witters P. Transcriptomic analysis of CFTR-impaired endothelial cells reveals a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.00261-2020. [PMID: 33184117 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00261-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening disorder characterised by decreased pulmonary mucociliary and pathogen clearance, and an exaggerated inflammatory response leading to progressive lung damage. CF is caused by bi-allelic pathogenic variants of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which encodes a chloride channel. CFTR is expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and EC dysfunction has been reported in CF patients, but a role for this ion channel in ECs regarding CF disease progression is poorly described.We used an unbiased RNA sequencing approach in complementary models of CFTR silencing and blockade (by the CFTR inhibitor CFTRinh-172) in human ECs to characterise the changes upon CFTR impairment. Key findings were further validated in vitro and in vivo in CFTR-knockout mice and ex vivo in CF patient-derived ECs.Both models of CFTR impairment revealed that EC proliferation, migration and autophagy were downregulated. Remarkably though, defective CFTR function led to EC activation and a persisting pro-inflammatory state of the endothelium with increased leukocyte adhesion. Further validation in CFTR-knockout mice revealed enhanced leukocyte extravasation in lung and liver parenchyma associated with increased levels of EC activation markers. In addition, CF patient-derived ECs displayed increased EC activation markers and leukocyte adhesion, which was partially rescued by the CFTR modulators VX-770 and VX-809.Our integrated analysis thus suggests that ECs are no innocent bystanders in CF pathology, but rather may contribute to the exaggerated inflammatory phenotype, raising the question of whether normalisation of vascular inflammation might be a novel therapeutic strategy to ameliorate the disease severity of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Declercq
- Dept of Development and Regeneration, CF Centre, Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauline de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nadine V Conchinha
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Geldhof
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anabela S Ramalho
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, CF Centre, Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Brepoels
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marjolein Ensinck
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Drug Discovery, Dept of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marianne S Carlon
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Drug Discovery, Dept of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew J Bird
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Dept of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Metabolomics Expertise Centre, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - François Vermeulen
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Dupont
- Dept of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Centre, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Metabolomics Expertise Centre, Dept of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Cassiman
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Dept of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Equal co-authorship
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Equal co-authorship
| | - Peter Witters
- Dept of Development and Regeneration, CF Centre, Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Dept of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Equal co-authorship
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16
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Quan X, Liu X, Qin X, Wang Y, Sun T, Li Z, Zhu L, Chen J, Zhou Y, Singh S, Dong H, Zhang Z, Zhang H. The role of LR-TIMAP/PP1c complex in the occurrence and development of no-reflow. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103251. [PMID: 33639401 PMCID: PMC7921471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of no-reflow can increase the risk of major adverse cardiac events and is widely regarded as an important sign of serious prognosis. Previous studies show that laminin receptor (LR) is closely related to the morphology and function of microvessels. However, whether LR is involved in the occurrence and development of no-reflow is still unknown. METHODS In vivo, positron emission tomography (PET) perfusion imaging was performed to detect the effects of intramyocardial gene (LR-AAV and LR-siRNA-AAV) delivery treatment on the degree of no-reflow. In vitro, LC-MS/MS analysis was conducted to identify the LR phosphorylation sites of human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 4 h. Western blot analyses were used to evaluate the phosphorylation levels of LR at residues Tyr47 (phospho-Tyr47-LR/pY47-LR) and Thr125 (phospho-Thr125-LR/pT125-LR) and their effects on the phosphorylation of VE-cadherin residue Ser665 (phospho-Ser665-VE-cad). FINDINGS LR over-expression, LRT125A (phosphonull) and LRY47A (phosphonull) treatments were found to reduce the level of phospho-Ser665-VE-cad, and subsequently maintain adherent junctions and endothelial barrier integrity in hypoxic environments. Mechanistically, TIMAP/PP1c can combine with LR on the cell membrane to form a novel LR-TIMAP/PP1c complex. The level of pY47-LR determined the stability of LR-TIMAP/PP1c complex. The binding of TIMAP/PP1c on LR activated the protein phosphatase activity of PP1c and regulated the level of pT125-LR. INTERPRETATION This study demonstrates that low level of phospho-LR reduces no-reflow area through stabilizing the LR-TIMAP/PP1c complex and promoting the stability of adherens junctions, and may help identify new therapeutic targets for the treatment of no-reflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Quan
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, the First College of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, the First College of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Xichun Qin
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, the First College of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Teng Sun
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, the First College of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Lidong Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Yeqing Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Sandeep Singh
- School of International Education, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Hongyan Dong
- Morphological Research Experiment Center, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, the First College of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China.
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17
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Morsing SKH, Al-Mardini C, van Stalborch AMD, Schillemans M, Bierings R, Vlaar AP, van Buul JD. Double-Hit-Induced Leukocyte Extravasation Driven by Endothelial Adherens Junction Destabilization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:511-520. [PMID: 32532835 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During inflammation, endothelial cells are bombarded with cytokines and other stimuli from surrounding cells. Leukocyte extravasation and vascular leakage are both prominent but believed to be uncoupled as they occur in separate spatiotemporal patterns. In this study, we investigated a "double-hit" approach on primary human endothelial cells primed with LPS followed by histamine. Using neutrophil transendothelial migration (TEM) under physiological flow assays, we found that an LPS-primed endothelium synergistically enhanced neutrophil TEM when additionally treated with histamine, whereas the effects on neutrophil TEM of the individual stimuli were moderate to undetectable. Interestingly, the double-hit-induced TEM increase was not due to decreased endothelial barrier, increased adhesion molecule expression, or Weibel-Palade body release. Instead, we found that it was directly correlated with junctional remodeling. Compounds that increased junctional "linearity" (i.e., stability) counteracted the double-hit effect on neutrophil TEM. We conclude that a compound, in this case histamine (which has a short primary effect on vascular permeability), can have severe secondary effects on neutrophil TEM in combination with an inflammatory stimulus. This effect is due to synergic modifications of the endothelial cytoskeleton and junctional remodeling. Therefore, we hypothesize that junctional linearity is a better and more predictive readout than endothelial resistance for compounds aiming to attenuate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia K H Morsing
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Homeostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Al-Mardini
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Homeostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marieke D van Stalborch
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Homeostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike Schillemans
- Plasma Proteins Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Homeostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bierings
- Plasma Proteins Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Homeostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander P Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Homeostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; .,Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Section of Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences at University of Amsterdam, 1098 HX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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18
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Colás-Algora N, García-Weber D, Cacho-Navas C, Barroso S, Caballero A, Ribas C, Correas I, Millán J. Compensatory increase of VE-cadherin expression through ETS1 regulates endothelial barrier function in response to TNFα. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2125-2140. [PMID: 31396656 PMCID: PMC11105044 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
VE-cadherin plays a central role in controlling endothelial barrier function, which is transiently disrupted by proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNFα). Here we show that human endothelial cells compensate VE-cadherin degradation in response to TNFα by inducing VE-cadherin de novo synthesis. This compensation increases adherens junction turnover but maintains surface VE-cadherin levels constant. NF-κB inhibition strongly reduced VE-cadherin expression and provoked endothelial barrier collapse. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and TNFα upregulated the transcription factor ETS1, in vivo and in vitro, in an NF-κB dependent manner. ETS1 gene silencing specifically reduced VE-cadherin protein expression in response to TNFα and exacerbated TNFα-induced barrier disruption. We propose that TNFα induces not only the expression of genes involved in increasing permeability to small molecules and immune cells, but also a homeostatic transcriptional program in which NF-κB- and ETS1-regulated VE-cadherin expression prevents the irreversible damage of endothelial barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego García-Weber
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.
| | | | - Susana Barroso
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Caballero
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Ribas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII (CIBERCV), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Inhibition of Protein Prenylation of GTPases Alters Endothelial Barrier Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010002. [PMID: 31861297 PMCID: PMC6981884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of Rho family of GTPases, RhoA and Rac1 regulate endothelial cytoskeleton dynamics and hence barrier integrity. The spatial activities of these GTPases are regulated by post-translational prenylation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of prenylation inhibition on the endothelial cytoskeleton and barrier properties. The study was carried out in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and protein prenylation is manipulated with various pharmacological inhibitors. Inhibition of either complete prenylation using statins or specifically geranylgeranylation but not farnesylation has a biphasic effect on HUVEC cytoskeleton and permeability. Short-term treatment inhibits the spatial activity of RhoA/Rho kinase (Rock) to actin cytoskeleton resulting in adherens junctions (AJ) stabilization and ameliorates thrombin-induced barrier disruption whereas long-term inhibition results in collapse of endothelial cytoskeleton leading to increased basal permeability. These effects are reversed by supplementing the cells with geranylgeranyl but not farnesyl pyrophosphate. Moreover, long-term inhibition of protein prenylation results in basal hyper activation of RhoA/Rock signaling that is antagonized by a specific Rock inhibitor or an activation of cAMP signaling. In conclusion, inhibition of geranylgeranylation in endothelial cells (ECs) exerts biphasic effect on endothelial barrier properties. Short-term inhibition stabilizes AJs and hence barrier function whereas long-term treatment results in disruption of barrier properties.
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20
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Li Y, Wittchen ES, Monaghan-Benson E, Hahn C, Earp HS, Doerschuk CM, Burridge K. The role of endothelial MERTK during the inflammatory response in lungs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225051. [PMID: 31805065 PMCID: PMC6894824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key homeostasis regulator in mammals, the MERTK receptor tyrosine kinase is crucial for efferocytosis, a process that requires remodeling of the cell membrane and adjacent actin cytoskeleton. Membrane and cytoskeletal reorganization also occur in endothelial cells during inflammation, particularly during neutrophil transendothelial migration (TEM) and during changes in permeability. However, MERTK’s function in endothelial cells remains unclear. This study evaluated the contribution of endothelial MERTK to neutrophil TEM and endothelial barrier function. In vitro experiments using primary human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells found that neutrophil TEM across the endothelial monolayers was enhanced when MERTK expression in endothelial cells was reduced by siRNA knockdown. Examination of endothelial barrier function revealed increased passage of dextran across the MERTK-depleted monolayers, suggesting that MERTK helps maintain endothelial barrier function. MERTK knockdown also altered adherens junction structure, decreased junction protein levels, and reduced basal Rac1 activity in endothelial cells, providing potential mechanisms of how MERTK regulates endothelial barrier function. To study MERTK’s function in vivo, inflammation in the lungs of global Mertk-/- mice was examined during acute pneumonia. In response to P. aeruginosa, more neutrophils were recruited to the lungs of Mertk-/- than wildtype mice. Vascular leakage of Evans blue dye into the lung tissue was also greater in Mertk-/- mice. To analyze endothelial MERTK’s involvement in these processes, we generated inducible endothelial cell-specific (iEC) Mertk-/- mice. When similarly challenged with P. aeruginosa, iEC Mertk-/- mice demonstrated no difference in neutrophil TEM into the inflamed lungs or in vascular permeability compared to control mice. These results suggest that deletion of MERTK in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro and in all cells in vivo aggravates the inflammatory response. However, selective MERTK deletion in endothelial cells in vivo failed to replicate this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erika S Wittchen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Monaghan-Benson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cornelia Hahn
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.,Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - H Shelton Earp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Claire M Doerschuk
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.,Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Keith Burridge
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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21
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Gómez-Escudero J, Clemente C, García-Weber D, Acín-Pérez R, Millán J, Enríquez JA, Bentley K, Carmeliet P, Arroyo AG. PKM2 regulates endothelial cell junction dynamics and angiogenesis via ATP production. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15022. [PMID: 31636306 PMCID: PMC6803685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, occurs in pathophysiological contexts such as wound healing, cancer, and chronic inflammatory disease. During sprouting angiogenesis, endothelial tip and stalk cells coordinately remodel their cell-cell junctions to allow collective migration and extension of the sprout while maintaining barrier integrity. All these processes require energy, and the predominant ATP generation route in endothelial cells is glycolysis. However, it remains unclear how ATP reaches the plasma membrane and intercellular junctions. In this study, we demonstrate that the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) is required for sprouting angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo through the regulation of endothelial cell-junction dynamics and collective migration. We show that PKM2-silencing decreases ATP required for proper VE-cadherin internalization/traffic at endothelial cell-cell junctions. Our study provides fresh insight into the role of ATP subcellular compartmentalization in endothelial cells during angiogenesis. Since manipulation of EC glycolysis constitutes a potential therapeutic intervention route, particularly in tumors and chronic inflammatory disease, these findings may help to refine the targeting of endothelial glycolytic activity in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gómez-Escudero
- Vascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC). Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Tumour Biology Department, Barts Cancer Institute, John´s Vane Centre, Queen Mary´s University of London. Charterhouse Sq, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Cristina Clemente
- Vascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC). Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC). Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego García-Weber
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Acín-Pérez
- Myocardial Pathology Areas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC). Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Enríquez
- Myocardial Pathology Areas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC). Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Katie Bentley
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cellular Adaptive Behaviour Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongsan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Vascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC). Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC). Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Eshaq RS, Harris NR. Loss of Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in the Diabetic Retina: Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:748-760. [PMID: 30793207 PMCID: PMC6385619 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To test the hypothesis that high glucose and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to the diabetes-induced loss of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in the retinal microvasculature. Methods PECAM-1 and MMP protein, activity, and interactions with PECAM-1 were assessed using western blotting, zymography, immunofluorescence, or coimmunoprecipitation assays. These assays were conducted using primary rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RRMECs) grown either in normal glucose (5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM) conditions and using retinas collected from streptozotocin-induced diabetic or control rats. The broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor GM6001 was administered in vivo and in vitro to ascertain the role of MMPs in the hyperglycemia-induced loss of PECAM-1. Results A dramatic decrease in PECAM-1 (western blotting, immunofluorescence) was observed in both the diabetic retina and in hyperglycemic RRMECs. The decrease in PECAM-1 was accompanied by a significant increase in the presence and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (but not matrix metalloproteinase-9 [MMP-9]) in the diabetic plasma (P < 0.05) and in hyperglycemic RRMECs (P < 0.05). Moreover, RRMEC PECAM-1 significantly decreased when treated with plasma collected from diabetic rats. Several MMP-2 cleavage sites on PECAM-1 were identified using in silico analysis. Moreover, PECAM-1/MMP-2 interactions were confirmed using coimmunoprecipitation. PECAM-1 was significantly decreased in RRMECs treated with MMP-2 (P < 0.05), but became comparable to controls with the MMP inhibitor GM6001 in both the diabetic retina and hyperglycemic RRMECs. Conclusions These results indicate a possible role of MMP-2 in hyperglycemia-induced PECAM-1 loss in retinal endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa S Eshaq
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States
| | - Norman R Harris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States
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23
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Klomp JE, Shaaya M, Matsche J, Rebiai R, Aaron JS, Collins KB, Huyot V, Gonzalez AM, Muller WA, Chew TL, Malik AB, Karginov AV. Time-Variant SRC Kinase Activation Determines Endothelial Permeability Response. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1081-1094.e6. [PMID: 31130521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the current model of endothelial barrier regulation, the tyrosine kinase SRC is purported to induce disassembly of endothelial adherens junctions (AJs) via phosphorylation of VE cadherin, and thereby increase junctional permeability. Here, using a chemical biology approach to temporally control SRC activation, we show that SRC exerts distinct time-variant effects on the endothelial barrier. We discovered that the immediate effect of SRC activation was to transiently enhance endothelial barrier function as the result of accumulation of VE cadherin at AJs and formation of morphologically distinct reticular AJs. Endothelial barrier enhancement via SRC required phosphorylation of VE cadherin at Y731. In contrast, prolonged SRC activation induced VE cadherin phosphorylation at Y685, resulting in increased endothelial permeability. Thus, time-variant SRC activation differentially phosphorylates VE cadherin and shapes AJs to fine-tune endothelial barrier function. Our work demonstrates important advantages of synthetic biology tools in dissecting complex signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Klomp
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mark Shaaya
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jacob Matsche
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rima Rebiai
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jesse S Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center at Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Kerrie B Collins
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vincent Huyot
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Annette M Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - William A Muller
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center at Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andrei V Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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24
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Colás-Algora N, Millán J. How many cadherins do human endothelial cells express? Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1299-1317. [PMID: 30552441 PMCID: PMC11105309 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vasculature is the paradigm of a compartment generated by parallel cellular barriers that aims to transport oxygen, nutrients and immune cells in complex organisms. Vascular barrier dysfunction leads to fatal acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. The endothelial barrier lines the inner side of vessels and is the main regulator of vascular permeability. Cadherins comprise a superfamily of 114 calcium-dependent adhesion proteins that contain conserved cadherin motifs and form cell-cell junctions in metazoans. In mature human endothelial cells, only VE (vascular endothelial)-cadherin and N (neural)-cadherin have been investigated in detail. Although both cadherins are essential for regulating endothelial permeability, no comprehensive expression studies to identify which other family members could play a relevant role in endothelial cells has so far been performed. Here, we have reviewed gene and protein expression databases to analyze cadherin expression in mature human endothelium and found that at least 24 cadherin superfamily members are significantly expressed. Based on data obtained from other cell types, organisms and experimental models, we discuss their potential functions, many of them unrelated to the formation of endothelial cell-cell junctions. The expression of this new set of endothelial cadherins highlights the important but still poorly defined roles of planar cell polarity, the Hippo pathway and mitochondria metabolism in human vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Colás-Algora
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Caveolin-1α regulates primary cilium length by controlling RhoA GTPase activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1116. [PMID: 30718762 PMCID: PMC6362014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a single non-motile protrusion of the plasma membrane of most types of mammalian cell. The structure, length and function of the primary cilium must be tightly controlled because their dysfunction is associated with disease. Caveolin 1 (Cav1), which is best known as a component of membrane invaginations called caveolae, is also present in non-caveolar membrane domains whose function is beginning to be understood. We show that silencing of α and β Cav1 isoforms in different cell lines increases ciliary length regardless of the route of primary ciliogenesis. The sole expression of Cav1α, which is distributed at the apical membrane, restores normal cilium size in Cav1 KO MDCK cells. Cells KO for only Cav1α, which also show long cilia, have a disrupted actin cytoskeleton and reduced RhoA GTPase activity at the apical membrane, and a greater accumulation of Rab11 vesicles at the centrosome. Subsequent experiments showed that DIA1 and ROCK help regulate ciliary length. Since MDCK cells lack apical caveolae, our results imply that non-caveolar apical Cav1α is an important regulator of ciliary length, exerting its effect via RhoA and its effectors, ROCK and DIA1.
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26
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Cao J, Schnittler H. Putting VE-cadherin into JAIL for junction remodeling. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/1/jcs222893. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Junction dynamics of endothelial cells are based on the integration of signal transduction, cytoskeletal remodeling and contraction, which are necessary for the formation and maintenance of monolayer integrity, but also enable repair and regeneration. The VE-cadherin–catenin complex forms the molecular basis of the adherence junctions and cooperates closely with actin filaments. Several groups have recently described small actin-driven protrusions at the cell junctions that are controlled by the Arp2/3 complex, contributing to cell junction regulation. We identified these protrusions as the driving force for VE-cadherin dynamics, as they directly induce new VE-cadherin-mediated adhesion sites, and have accordingly referred to these structures as junction-associated intermittent lamellipodia (JAIL). JAIL extend over only a few microns and thus provide the basis for a subcellular regulation of adhesion. The local (subcellular) VE-cadherin concentration and JAIL formation are directly interdependent, which enables autoregulation. Therefore, this mechanism can contribute a subcellularly regulated adaptation of cell contact dynamics, and is therefore of great importance for monolayer integrity and relative cell migration during wound healing and angiogenesis, as well as for inflammatory responses. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms and functions underlying these actin-driven protrusions and consider their contribution to the dynamic regulation of endothelial cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Cao
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster Germany
| | - Hans Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster Germany
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27
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Fong LY, Ng CT, Yong YK, Hakim MN, Ahmad Z. Asiatic acid stabilizes cytoskeletal proteins and prevents TNF-α-induced disorganization of cell-cell junctions in human aortic endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 117:15-26. [PMID: 30114509 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial hyperpermeability represents an initiating step in early atherosclerosis and it often occurs as a result of endothelial barrier dysfunction. Asiatic acid, a major triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, has previously been demonstrated to protect against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the barrier protective effect of asiatic acid in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The localization of F-actin, diphosphorylated myosin light chain (diphospho-MLC), adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs) was studied using immunocytochemistry techniques and confocal microscopy. Their total protein expressions were examined using western blot analysis. The endothelial permeability was assessed using In Vitro Vascular Permeability Assay kits. In addition, intracellular redistribution of the junctional proteins was evaluated using subcellular fractionation kits. We show that asiatic acid stabilized F-actin and diphospho-MLC at the cell periphery and prevented their rearrangement stimulated by TNF-α. However, asiatic acid failed to attenuate cytochalasin D-induced increased permeability. Besides, asiatic acid abrogated TNF-α-induced structural reorganization of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and β-catenin by preserving their reticulum structures at cell-cell contact areas. In addition, asiatic acid also inhibited TNF-α-induced redistribution of occludin and zona occludens (ZO)-1 in different subcellular fractions. In conclusion, the barrier-stabilizing effect of asiatic acid might be associated with preservation of AJs and prevention of TJ redistribution caused by TNF-α. This study provides evidence to support the potential use of asiatic acid in the prevention of early atherosclerosis, which is initiated by endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Yen Fong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chin Theng Ng
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nazrul Hakim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zuraini Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hajal C, Campisi M, Mattu C, Chiono V, Kamm RD. In vitro models of molecular and nano-particle transport across the blood-brain barrier. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:042213. [PMID: 29887937 PMCID: PMC5980570 DOI: 10.1063/1.5027118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the tightest endothelial barrier in humans. Characterized by the presence of tight endothelial junctions and adherens junctions, the primary function of the BBB is to maintain brain homeostasis through the control of solute transit across the barrier. The specific features of this barrier make for unique modes of transport of solutes, nanoparticles, and cells across the BBB. Understanding the different routes of traffic adopted by each of these is therefore critical in the development of targeted therapies. In an attempt to move towards controlled experimental assays, multiple groups are now opting for the use of microfluidic systems. A comprehensive understanding of bio-transport processes across the BBB in microfluidic devices is therefore necessary to develop targeted and efficient therapies for a host of diseases ranging from neurological disorders to the spread of metastases in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Hajal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Technology Square, MIT Building, Room NE47-321, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Clara Mattu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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29
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Ng CT, Fong LY, Yong YK, Hakim MN, Ahmad Z. Interferon-γ induces biphasic changes in caldesmon localization as well as adherens junction organization and expression in HUVECs. Cytokine 2018; 111:541-550. [PMID: 29909980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial barrier dysfunction leads to increased endothelial permeability and is an early step in the development of vascular inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a proinflammatory cytokine, is known to cause increased endothelial permeability. However, the mechanisms by which IFN-γ disrupts the endothelial barrier have not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate how IFN-γ impairs the endothelial barrier integrity by specifically examining the roles of caldesmon, adherens junctions (AJs) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in IFN-γ-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. IFN-γ exhibited a biphasic effect on caldesmon localization and both the structural organization and protein expression of AJs. In the early phase (4-8 h), IFN-γ induced the formation of peripheral caldesmon bands and discontinuous AJs, while AJ protein expression was unchanged. Interestingly, IFN-γ also stimulated caldesmon phosphorylation, resulting in actin dissociation from caldesmon at 8 h. Conversely, changes seen in the late phase (16-24 h) included cytoplasmic caldesmon dispersal, AJ linearization and junctional area reduction, which were associated with reduced membrane, cytoskeletal and total AJ protein expression. In addition, IFN-γ enhanced myosin binding to caldesmon at 12 h and persisted up to 24 h. Furthermore, inhibition of p38 MAP kinase by SB203580 did not reverse either the early or late phase changes observed. These data suggest that IFN-γ may activate signaling molecules other than p38 MAP kinase. In conclusion, our findings enhance the current understanding of how IFN-γ disrupts endothelial barrier function and reveal potential therapeutic targets, such as caldesmon and AJs, for the treatment of IFN-γ-associated vascular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Theng Ng
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
| | - Lai Yen Fong
- Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Nazrul Hakim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zuraini Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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30
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Zhang YY, Kong LQ, Zhu XD, Cai H, Wang CH, Shi WK, Cao MQ, Li XL, Li KS, Zhang SZ, Chai ZT, Ao JY, Ye BG, Sun HC. CD31 regulates metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma via the ITGB1-FAK-Akt signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2018; 429:29-40. [PMID: 29746931 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1 or CD31) is a well-known marker of endothelial cells and a key factor for adhesion and accumulation of platelets. CD31 plays roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and cellular immunity. CD31 is also expressed on tumor cells, such as breast cancer cells and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and contributes to tumor cell invasion. Here, our experiments show that CD31 promotes metastasis by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma by up-regulating integrin β1 via the FAK/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, The Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling-Qun Kong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Binzhou Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, The Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, The Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Fudan University Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Kai Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, The Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Man-Qing Cao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, The Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Long Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, The Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kang-Shuai Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, The Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, The Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zong-Tao Chai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jian-Yang Ao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Bo-Gen Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hui-Chuan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, The Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, The Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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31
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Sternak M, Bar A, Adamski MG, Mohaissen T, Marczyk B, Kieronska A, Stojak M, Kus K, Tarjus A, Jaisser F, Chlopicki S. The Deletion of Endothelial Sodium Channel α (αENaC) Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation and Endothelial Barrier Integrity in Endotoxemia in Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:178. [PMID: 29692722 PMCID: PMC5902527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in the regulation of endothelial function is not clear. Here, we analyze the role of ENaC in the regulation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and endothelial permeability in vivo in mice with conditional αENaC subunit gene inactivation in the endothelium (endo-αENaCKO mice) using unique MRI-based analysis of acetylcholine-, flow-mediated dilation and vascular permeability. Mice were challenged or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, from Salmonella typhosa, 10 mg/kg, i.p.). In addition, changes in vascular permeability in ex vivo organs were analyzed by Evans Blue assay, while changes in vascular permeability in perfused mesenteric artery were determined by a FITC-dextran-based assay. In basal conditions, Ach-induced response was completely lost, flow-induced vasodilation was inhibited approximately by half but endothelial permeability was not changed in endo-αENaCKO vs. control mice. In LPS-treated mice, both Ach- and flow-induced vasodilation was more severely impaired in endo-αENaCKO vs. control mice. There was also a dramatic increase in permeability in lungs, brain and isolated vessels as evidenced by in vivo and ex vivo analysis in endotoxemic endo-αENaCKO vs. control mice. The impaired endothelial function in endotoxemia in endo-αENaCKO was associated with a decrease of lectin and CD31 endothelial staining in the lung as compared with control mice. In conclusion, the activity of endothelial ENaC in vivo contributes to endothelial-dependent vasodilation in the physiological conditions and the preservation of endothelial barrier integrity in endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz G Adamski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tasnim Mohaissen
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Chair and Department of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Brygida Marczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Kieronska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Stojak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Kus
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Antoine Tarjus
- INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,INSERM, Clinical Investigation Centre 1433, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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32
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Urbano RL, Furia C, Basehore S, Clyne AM. Stiff Substrates Increase Inflammation-Induced Endothelial Monolayer Tension and Permeability. Biophys J 2017; 113:645-655. [PMID: 28793219 PMCID: PMC5550298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness and inflammation are associated with atherosclerosis, and each have individually been shown to increase endothelial monolayer tension and permeability. The objective of this study was to determine if substrate stiffness enhanced endothelial monolayer tension and permeability in response to inflammatory cytokines. Porcine aortic endothelial cells were cultured at confluence on polyacrylamide gels of varying stiffness and treated with either tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) or thrombin. Monolayer tension was measured through vinculin localization at the cell membrane, traction force microscopy, and phosphorylated myosin light chain quantity and actin fiber colocalization. Cell permeability was measured by cell-cell junction confocal microscopy and a dextran permeability assay. When treated with TNFα or thrombin, endothelial monolayers on stiffer substrates showed increased traction forces, vinculin at the cell membrane, and vinculin phosphorylation, suggesting elevated monolayer tension. Interestingly, VE-cadherin shifted toward a smaller molecular weight in endothelial monolayers on softer substrates, which may relate to increased VE-cadherin endocytosis and degradation. Phosphorylated myosin light chain colocalization with actin stress fibers increased in endothelial monolayers treated with TNFα or thrombin on stiffer substrates, indicating elevated cell monolayer contractility. Endothelial monolayers also developed focal adherens intercellular junctions and became more permeable when cultured on stiffer substrates in the presence of the inflammatory cytokines. Whereas each of these effects was likely mitigated by Rho/ROCK, Rho/ROCK pathway inhibition via Y27632 disrupted cell-cell junction morphology, showing that cell contractility is required to maintain adherens junction integrity. These data suggest that stiff substrates change intercellular junction protein localization and degradation, which may counteract the inflammation-induced increase in endothelial monolayer tension and thereby moderate inflammation-induced junction loss and associated endothelial monolayer permeability on stiffer substrates.
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33
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García-Weber D, Millán J. Parallels between single cell migration and barrier formation: The case of RhoB and Rac1 trafficking. Small GTPases 2016; 9:332-338. [PMID: 27598909 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1231655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of multicellularity implied the adaptation of signaling networks required for unicellular life to new functions arising in this remarkable evolutionary transition. A hallmark of multicellular organisms is the formation of cellular barriers that compartmentalize spaces and functions. Here we discuss recent findings concerning the role of RhoB in the negative control of Rac1 trafficking from endosomes to the cell border, in order to induce membrane extensions to restore endothelial barrier function after acute contraction. This role closely resembles that proposed for RhoB in controlling single cell migration through Rac1, which has also been observed in cancer cell invasion. We highlight these similarities as a signaling paradigm that shows that endothelial barrier integrity is controlled not only by the formation of cell-cell junctions, but also by a balance between ancestral mechanisms of cell spreading and contraction conserved from unicellular organisms and orchestrated by Rho GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime Millán
- a Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM , Madrid , Spain
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34
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Santander-García D, Ortega MC, Benito-Martínez S, Barroso S, Jiménez-Alfaro I, Millán J. A human cellular system for analyzing signaling during corneal endothelial barrier dysfunction. Exp Eye Res 2016; 153:8-13. [PMID: 27697549 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Correct corneal endothelial barrier function is essential for maintaining corneal transparency. However, research on cell signaling pathways mediating corneal endothelial barrier dysfunction has progressed more slowly than that involving other cellular barriers because of the lack of human corneal endothelial cell models. Here we have optimized the culture of the human corneal endothelial cell (HCEC) line B4G12 as a model for studying paracellular permeability. We show that B4G12-HCECs form confluent monolayers with stable cell-cell junctions when cultured on plastic, but not glass, surfaces precoated with various extracellular matrix components. Cell morphometry and measuring intercellular spaces and transendothelial electric resistance indicate that B4G12-HCECs form optimal monolayers on collagen and fibronectin. Based on the use of specific inhibitors, it has been proposed that the Rho-regulated kinases, ROCK-I and ROCK-II, mediate actomyosin-induced contraction in corneal endothelial cell barriers. ROCKs are effectors of RhoA, RhoB and RhoC. We show that the GTPase RhoA and its effector ROCK-II are predominantly expressed in B4G12-HCECs and primary human corneal endothelial cells. The activation of Rho GTPases during acute barrier disruption has not been investigated in corneal endothelial cells. RhoA, but not other related GTPases that are highly expressed in B4G12-HCECs, such as Rac1 and Cdc42, is transiently activated during barrier disruption in response to the inflammatory mediator thrombin. Pharmacological inhibition of RhoA and ROCK reduces B4G12-HCEC acute contraction. We propose that exploiting B4G12-HCECs is a useful experimental strategy for gaining further insight into the signaling pathways involved in human corneal endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Santander-García
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Spain; Department of Ophthalmology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Susana Barroso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Jiménez-Alfaro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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35
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Endothelial PECAM-1 and its function in vascular physiology and atherogenic pathology. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 100:409-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Super resolution imaging is becoming an increasingly important tool in the arsenal of methods available to cell biologists. In recognition of its potential, the Nobel Prize for chemistry was awarded to three investigators involved in the development of super resolution imaging methods in 2014. The availability of commercial instruments for super resolution imaging has further spurred the development of new methods and reagents designed to take advantage of super resolution techniques. Super resolution offers the advantages traditionally associated with light microscopy, including the use of gentle fixation and specimen preparation methods, the ability to visualize multiple elements within a single specimen, and the potential to visualize dynamic changes in living specimens over time. However, imaging of living cells over time is difficult and super resolution imaging is computationally demanding. In this review, we discuss the advantages/disadvantages of different super resolution systems for imaging fixed live specimens, with particular regard to cytoskeleton structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Shelden
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Zachary T Colburn
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan C R Jones
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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37
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Marcos-Ramiro B, García-Weber D, Barroso S, Feito J, Ortega MC, Cernuda-Morollón E, Reglero-Real N, Fernández-Martín L, Durán MC, Alonso MA, Correas I, Cox S, Ridley AJ, Millán J. RhoB controls endothelial barrier recovery by inhibiting Rac1 trafficking to the cell border. J Cell Biol 2016; 213:385-402. [PMID: 27138256 PMCID: PMC4862328 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201504038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial barrier dysfunction underlies chronic inflammatory diseases. In searching for new proteins essential to the human endothelial inflammatory response, we have found that the endosomal GTPase RhoB is up-regulated in response to inflammatory cytokines and expressed in the endothelium of some chronically inflamed tissues. We show that although RhoB and the related RhoA and RhoC play additive and redundant roles in various aspects of endothelial barrier function, RhoB specifically inhibits barrier restoration after acute cell contraction by preventing plasma membrane extension. During barrier restoration, RhoB trafficking is induced between vesicles containing RhoB nanoclusters and plasma membrane protrusions. The Rho GTPase Rac1 controls membrane spreading and stabilizes endothelial barriers. We show that RhoB colocalizes with Rac1 in endosomes and inhibits Rac1 activity and trafficking to the cell border during barrier recovery. Inhibition of endosomal trafficking impairs barrier reformation, whereas induction of Rac1 translocation to the plasma membrane accelerates it. Therefore, RhoB-specific regulation of Rac1 trafficking controls endothelial barrier integrity during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Marcos-Ramiro
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego García-Weber
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Barroso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Feito
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María C Ortega
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Cernuda-Morollón
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Natalia Reglero-Real
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria C Durán
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susan Cox
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, England, UK
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, England, UK
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Chen B, Sun K, Liu YY, Xu XS, Wang CS, Zhao KS, Huang QB, Han JY. Effect of salvianolic acid B on TNF-α induced cerebral microcirculatory changes in a micro-invasive mouse model. Chin J Traumatol 2016; 19:85-93. [PMID: 27140215 PMCID: PMC4897852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of salvianolic acid B (SAB) on tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α) induced alterations of cerebral microcirculation with a bone-abrading model. METHODS The influences of craniotomy model and bone-abrading model on cerebral microcirculation were compared. The bone-abrading method was used to detect the effects of intracerebroventricular application of 40 μg/kg·bw TNF-α on cerebral venular leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)- albulmin and the rolling and adhesion of leukocytes on venules with fluorescence tracer rhodamine 6G. The therapeutical effects of SAB on TNF-α induced microcirculatory alteration were observed, with continuous intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg·h SAB starting at 20 min before or 20 min after TNF-α administration, respectively. The expressions of CD11b/CD18 and CD62L in leukocytes were measured with flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical staining was also used to detect E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. RESULTS Compared with craniotomy method, the bone-abrading method preserved a higher erythrocyte velocity in cerebral venules and more opening capillaries. TNF-α intervention only caused responses of vascular hyperpermeability and leukocyte rolling on venular walls, without leukocyte adhesion and other hemodynamic changes. Pre- or post-SAB treatment attenuated those responses and suppressed the enhanced expressions of CD11b/CD18 and CD62L in leukocytes and E-selectin and ICAM-1 in endothelial cells induced by TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS The pre- and post-applications of SAB during TNF-α stimulation could suppress adhesive molecular expression and subsequently attenuate the increase of cerebral vascular permeability and leukocyte rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laborotory for Shock and Microcirculation Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Shun Xu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-She Wang
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ke-Seng Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laborotory for Shock and Microcirculation Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiao-Bing Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laborotory for Shock and Microcirculation Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China,Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 20 61648465.
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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39
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Throughout history, development of novel microscopy techniques has been of fundamental importance to advance the vascular biology field.This review offers a concise summary of the most recently developed imaging techniques and discusses how they can be applied to vascular biology. In addition, we reflect upon the most important fluorescent reporters for vascular research that are currently available. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in light sheet-based imaging techniques now offer the ability to live image the vascular system in whole organs or even in whole animals during development and in pathological conditions with a satisfactory spatial and temporal resolution. Conversely, super resolution microscopy now allows studying cellular processes at a near-molecular resolution. SUMMARY Major recent improvements in a number of imaging techniques now allow study of vascular biology in ways that could not be considered previously. Researchers now have well-developed tools to specifically examine the dynamic nature of vascular development during angiogenic sprouting, remodeling and regression as well as the vascular responses in disease situations in vivo. In addition, open questions in endothelial and lymphatic cell biology that require subcellular resolution such as actin dynamics, junctional complex formation and stability, vascular permeability and receptor trafficking can now be approached with high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Controls Vascular Integrity by Regulating VE-Cadherin Trafficking. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145684. [PMID: 26714278 PMCID: PMC4694698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor, is expressed and secreted by endothelial cells. Patients with PAI-1 deficiency show a mild to moderate bleeding diathesis, which has been exclusively ascribed to the function of PAI-1 in down-regulating fibrinolysis. We tested the hypothesis that PAI-1 function plays a direct role in controlling vascular integrity and permeability by keeping endothelial cell-cell junctions intact. Methodology/Principal Findings We utilized PAI-039, a specific small molecule inhibitor of PAI-1, to investigate the role of PAI-1 in protecting endothelial integrity. In vivo inhibition of PAI-1 resulted in vascular leakage from intersegmental vessels and in the hindbrain of zebrafish embryos. In addition PAI-1 inhibition in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers leads to a marked decrease of transendothelial resistance and disrupted endothelial junctions. The total level of the endothelial junction regulator VE-cadherin was reduced, whereas surface VE-cadherin expression was unaltered. Moreover, PAI-1 inhibition reduced the shedding of VE-cadherin. Finally, we detected an accumulation of VE-cadherin at the Golgi apparatus. Conclusions/Significance Our findings indicate that PAI-1 function is important for the maintenance of endothelial monolayer and vascular integrity by controlling VE-cadherin trafficking to and from the plasma membrane. Our data further suggest that therapies using PAI-1 antagonists like PAI-039 ought to be used with caution to avoid disruption of the vessel wall.
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Sabine A, Bovay E, Demir CS, Kimura W, Jaquet M, Agalarov Y, Zangger N, Scallan JP, Graber W, Gulpinar E, Kwak BR, Mäkinen T, Martinez-Corral I, Ortega S, Delorenzi M, Kiefer F, Davis MJ, Djonov V, Miura N, Petrova TV. FOXC2 and fluid shear stress stabilize postnatal lymphatic vasculature. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3861-77. [PMID: 26389677 DOI: 10.1172/jci80454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical forces, such as fluid shear stress, govern multiple aspects of endothelial cell biology. In blood vessels, disturbed flow is associated with vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, and promotes endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here, we identified an important role for disturbed flow in lymphatic vessels, in which it cooperates with the transcription factor FOXC2 to ensure lifelong stability of the lymphatic vasculature. In cultured lymphatic endothelial cells, FOXC2 inactivation conferred abnormal shear stress sensing, promoting junction disassembly and entry into the cell cycle. Loss of FOXC2-dependent quiescence was mediated by the Hippo pathway transcriptional coactivator TAZ and, ultimately, led to cell death. In murine models, inducible deletion of Foxc2 within the lymphatic vasculature led to cell-cell junction defects, regression of valves, and focal vascular lumen collapse, which triggered generalized lymphatic vascular dysfunction and lethality. Together, our work describes a fundamental mechanism by which FOXC2 and oscillatory shear stress maintain lymphatic endothelial cell quiescence through intercellular junction and cytoskeleton stabilization and provides an essential link between biomechanical forces and endothelial cell identity that is necessary for postnatal vessel homeostasis. As FOXC2 is mutated in lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome, our data also underscore the role of impaired mechanotransduction in the pathology of this hereditary human disease.
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Wilson CW, Ye W. Regulation of vascular endothelial junction stability and remodeling through Rap1-Rasip1 signaling. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:76-83. [PMID: 24622510 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of blood vessels to sense and respond to stimuli such as fluid flow, shear stress, and trafficking of immune cells is critical to the proper function of the vascular system. Endothelial cells constantly remodel their cell-cell junctions and the underlying cytoskeletal network in response to these exogenous signals. This remodeling, which depends on regulation of the linkage between actin and integral junction proteins, is controlled by a complex signaling network consisting of small G proteins and their various downstream effectors. In this commentary, we summarize recent developments in understanding the small G protein RAP1 and its effector RASIP1 as critical mediators of endothelial junction stabilization, and the relationship between RAP1 effectors and modulation of different subsets of endothelial junctions. The vasculature is a dynamic organ that is constantly exposed to a variety of signaling stimuli and mechanical stresses. In embryogenesis, nascent blood vessels form via a process termed vasculogenesis, wherein mesodermally derived endothelial precursor cells aggregate into cords, which subsequently form a lumen that permits trafficking of plasma and erythrocytes. (1)(,) (2) Angiogenesis occurs after establishment of this primitive vascular network, where new vessels sprout from existing vessels, migrate into newly expanded tissues, and anastomose to form a functional and complex circulatory network. (1)(,) (2) In the mouse, this process occurs through the second half of embryogenesis and into postnatal development in some tissues, such as the developing retinal vasculature. (3) Further, angiogenesis occurs in a variety of pathological conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, wound healing, and tumor growth. (1)(,) (2)(,) (4) Both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are driven through signaling by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and therapeutic agents targeting this pathway have shown efficacy in a number of diseases. (5)(-) (9) Blood vessels must have a sufficient degree of integrity so as to not allow indiscriminate leak of plasma proteins and blood cells into the underlying tissue. However, vessels must be able to sense their environment, respond to local conditions, and mediate the regulated passage of protein, fluid, and cells. For example, endothelial cells are the primary point of attachment for immune cells leaving the blood stream and entering tissue, and leukocytes subsequently migrate either through the endothelial cell body itself (the transcellular route), or through transient disassembly of cell-cell junctions (the paracellular route). (10) Precise regulation of endothelial junctions is critical to the proper maintenance of vascular integrity and related processes, and disruption of vascular cell-cell contacts is an underlying cause or contributor to numerous pathologies such as cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). (11)(-) (13) Understanding the basic mechanisms of endothelial junction formation and maintenance will therefore lead to a greater chance of success of therapeutic intervention in these pathologic conditions, especially in instances where targeting of VEGF signaling is insufficient to resolve vascular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weilan Ye
- Genentech, Inc.; Molecular Oncology Department; South San Francisco, CA USA
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Fraccaroli A, Pitter B, Taha AA, Seebach J, Huveneers S, Kirsch J, Casaroli-Marano RP, Zahler S, Pohl U, Gerhardt H, Schnittler HJ, Montanez E. Endothelial alpha-parvin controls integrity of developing vasculature and is required for maintenance of cell-cell junctions. Circ Res 2015; 117:29-40. [PMID: 25925587 PMCID: PMC4470528 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.305818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Angiogenesis and vessel integrity depend on the adhesion of endothelial cells (ECs) to the extracellular matrix and to adjacent ECs. The focal adhesion protein α-parvin (α-pv) is essential for vascular development. However, the role of α-pv in ECs in vivo is not known. Objective: To determine the function of α-pv in ECs during vascular development in vivo and the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results: We deleted the α-pv gene specifically in ECs of mice to study its role in angiogenesis and vascular development. Here, we show that endothelial-specific deletion of α-pv in mice results in late embryonic lethality associated with hemorrhages and reduced vascular density. Postnatal-induced EC-specific deletion of α-pv leads to retinal hypovascularization because of reduced vessel sprouting and excessive vessel regression. In the absence of α-pv, blood vessels display impaired VE-cadherin junction morphology. In vitro, α-pv–deficient ECs show reduced stable adherens junctions, decreased monolayer formation, and impaired motility, associated with reduced formation of integrin-mediated cell–extracellular matrix adhesion structures and an altered actin cytoskeleton. Conclusions: Endothelial α-pv is essential for vessel sprouting and for vessel stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Fraccaroli
- From the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine (A.F., B.P., J.K., U.P., E.M.) and Department of Pharmacy (S.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, WWU-Münster, Münster, Germany (A.A.T., J.S., H.-J.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.H.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.P.C.-M.); and Vascular Biology Laboratory, London Research Institute-Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom (H.G.)
| | - Bettina Pitter
- From the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine (A.F., B.P., J.K., U.P., E.M.) and Department of Pharmacy (S.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, WWU-Münster, Münster, Germany (A.A.T., J.S., H.-J.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.H.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.P.C.-M.); and Vascular Biology Laboratory, London Research Institute-Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom (H.G.)
| | - Abdallah Abu Taha
- From the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine (A.F., B.P., J.K., U.P., E.M.) and Department of Pharmacy (S.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, WWU-Münster, Münster, Germany (A.A.T., J.S., H.-J.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.H.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.P.C.-M.); and Vascular Biology Laboratory, London Research Institute-Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom (H.G.)
| | - Jochen Seebach
- From the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine (A.F., B.P., J.K., U.P., E.M.) and Department of Pharmacy (S.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, WWU-Münster, Münster, Germany (A.A.T., J.S., H.-J.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.H.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.P.C.-M.); and Vascular Biology Laboratory, London Research Institute-Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom (H.G.)
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- From the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine (A.F., B.P., J.K., U.P., E.M.) and Department of Pharmacy (S.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, WWU-Münster, Münster, Germany (A.A.T., J.S., H.-J.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.H.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.P.C.-M.); and Vascular Biology Laboratory, London Research Institute-Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom (H.G.)
| | - Julian Kirsch
- From the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine (A.F., B.P., J.K., U.P., E.M.) and Department of Pharmacy (S.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, WWU-Münster, Münster, Germany (A.A.T., J.S., H.-J.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.H.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.P.C.-M.); and Vascular Biology Laboratory, London Research Institute-Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom (H.G.)
| | - Ricardo P Casaroli-Marano
- From the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine (A.F., B.P., J.K., U.P., E.M.) and Department of Pharmacy (S.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, WWU-Münster, Münster, Germany (A.A.T., J.S., H.-J.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.H.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.P.C.-M.); and Vascular Biology Laboratory, London Research Institute-Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom (H.G.)
| | - Stefan Zahler
- From the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine (A.F., B.P., J.K., U.P., E.M.) and Department of Pharmacy (S.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, WWU-Münster, Münster, Germany (A.A.T., J.S., H.-J.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.H.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.P.C.-M.); and Vascular Biology Laboratory, London Research Institute-Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom (H.G.)
| | - Ulrich Pohl
- From the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine (A.F., B.P., J.K., U.P., E.M.) and Department of Pharmacy (S.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, WWU-Münster, Münster, Germany (A.A.T., J.S., H.-J.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.H.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.P.C.-M.); and Vascular Biology Laboratory, London Research Institute-Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom (H.G.)
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- From the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine (A.F., B.P., J.K., U.P., E.M.) and Department of Pharmacy (S.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, WWU-Münster, Münster, Germany (A.A.T., J.S., H.-J.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.H.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.P.C.-M.); and Vascular Biology Laboratory, London Research Institute-Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom (H.G.)
| | - Hans-J Schnittler
- From the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine (A.F., B.P., J.K., U.P., E.M.) and Department of Pharmacy (S.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, WWU-Münster, Münster, Germany (A.A.T., J.S., H.-J.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.H.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.P.C.-M.); and Vascular Biology Laboratory, London Research Institute-Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom (H.G.)
| | - Eloi Montanez
- From the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine (A.F., B.P., J.K., U.P., E.M.) and Department of Pharmacy (S.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, WWU-Münster, Münster, Germany (A.A.T., J.S., H.-J.S.); Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.H.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.P.C.-M.); and Vascular Biology Laboratory, London Research Institute-Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom (H.G.).
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Sarelius IH, Glading AJ. Control of vascular permeability by adhesion molecules. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e985954. [PMID: 25838987 DOI: 10.4161/21688370.2014.985954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular permeability is a vital function of the circulatory system that is regulated in large part by the limited flux of solutes, water, and cells through the endothelial cell layer. One major pathway through this barrier is via the inter-endothelial junction, which is driven by the regulation of cadherin-based adhesions. The endothelium also forms attachments with surrounding proteins and cells via 2 classes of adhesion molecules, the integrins and IgCAMs. Integrins and IgCAMs propagate activation of multiple downstream signals that potentially impact cadherin adhesion. Here we discuss the known contributions of integrin and IgCAM signaling to the regulation of cadherin adhesion stability, endothelial barrier function, and vascular permeability. Emphasis is placed on known and prospective crosstalk signaling mechanisms between integrins, the IgCAMs- ICAM-1 and PECAM-1, and inter-endothelial cadherin adhesions, as potential strategic signaling nodes for multipartite regulation of cadherin adhesion.
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Key Words
- ICAM-1
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1
- IgCAM, immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule
- JAM, junctional adhesion molecule
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- PECAM-1
- PECAM-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1
- PKC, protein kinase C
- RDG, arginine-aspartic acid- glutamine
- S1P, sphingosine 1 phosphate
- SHP-2, Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
- VE-PTP, Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase β
- VE-cadherin
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- adhesion
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- endothelial barrier function
- fMLP, f-Met-Leu-Phe
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- integrins
- permeability
- transendothelial migration
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid H Sarelius
- University of Rochester; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology ; Rochester, NY USA
| | - Angela J Glading
- University of Rochester; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology ; Rochester, NY USA
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Raasch M, Rennert K, Jahn T, Peters S, Henkel T, Huber O, Schulz I, Becker H, Lorkowski S, Funke H, Mosig A. Microfluidically supported biochip design for culture of endothelial cell layers with improved perfusion conditions. Biofabrication 2015; 7:015013. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/1/015013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chattopadhyay R, Tinnikov A, Dyukova E, Singh NK, Kotla S, Mobley JA, Rao GN. 12/15-Lipoxygenase-dependent ROS production is required for diet-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:562-577. [PMID: 25556764 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m055566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the mechanisms of 15(S)-HETE-induced endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction, we examined the role of xanthine oxidase (XO). 15(S)-HETE induced junction adhesion molecule A (JamA) phosphorylation on Y164, Y218, and Y280 involving XO-mediated reactive oxygen species production and Src and Pyk2 activation, resulting in its dissociation from occludin, thereby causing tight junction (TJ) disruption, increased vascular permeability, and enhanced leukocyte and monocyte transmigration in vitro using EC monolayer and ex vivo using arteries as models. The phosphorylation of JamA on Y164, Y218, and Y280 appears to be critical for its role in 15(S)-HETE-induced EC barrier dysfunction, as mutation of any one of these amino acid residues prevented its dissociation from occludin and restored TJ integrity and barrier function. In response to high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, WT, but not 12/15-lipoxygenase (LO)(-/-), mice showed enhanced XO expression and its activity in the artery, which was correlated with increased aortic TJ disruption and barrier permeability with enhanced leukocyte adhesion and these responses were inhibited by allopurinol. These observations provide novel insights on the role of XO in 12/15-LO-induced JamA tyrosine phosphorylation and TJ disruption leading to increased vascular permeability in response to HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38138
| | - Alexander Tinnikov
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38138
| | - Elena Dyukova
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38138
| | - Nikhlesh K Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38138
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38138
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35291
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38138.
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Microparticles in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome: effect on endothelial barrier function. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:110. [PMID: 25242463 PMCID: PMC4261570 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-derived microparticles are secreted in response to cell damage or dysfunction. Endothelial and platelet dysfunction are thought to contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Our aim here is, first, to compare the presence of microparticles of endothelial and platelet origin in plasma from patients with different clinical forms of MS and with clinically isolated syndrome. Second, to investigate the effect of microparticles on endothelial barrier function. RESULTS Platelet-poor plasma from 95 patients (12 with clinically isolated syndrome, 51 relapsing-remitting, 23 secondary progressive, 9 primary progressive) and 49 healthy controls were analyzed for the presence of platelet-derived and endothelium-derived microparticles by flow cytometry. The plasma concentration of platelet-derived and endothelium-derived microparticles increased in all clinical forms of MS and in clinically isolated syndrome versus controls. The response of endothelial barriers to purified microparticles was measured by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing. Microparticles from relapsing-remitting MS patients induced, at equivalent concentrations, a stronger disruption of endothelial barriers than those from healthy donors or from patients with clinically isolated syndrome. MS microparticles acted synergistically with the inflammatory mediator thrombin to disrupt the endothelial barrier function. CONCLUSIONS Plasma microparticles should be considered not only as markers of early stages of MS, but also as pathological factors with the potential to increase endothelial permeability and leukocyte infiltration.
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Marcos-Ramiro B, García-Weber D, Millán J. TNF-induced endothelial barrier disruption: beyond actin and Rho. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:1088-102. [PMID: 25078148 DOI: 10.1160/th14-04-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The decrease of endothelial barrier function is central to the long-term inflammatory response. A pathological alteration of the ability of endothelial cells to modulate the passage of cells and solutes across the vessel underlies the development of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and multiple sclerosis. The inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF) mediates changes in the barrier properties of the endothelium. TNF activates different Rho GTPases, increases filamentous actin and remodels endothelial cell morphology. However, inhibition of actin-mediated remodelling is insufficient to prevent endothelial barrier disruption in response to TNF, suggesting that additional molecular mechanisms are involved. Here we discuss, first, the pivotal role of Rac-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to regulate the integrity of endothelial cell-cell junctions and, second, the ability of endothelial adhesion receptors such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1, involved in leukocyte transendothelial migration, to control endothelial permeability to small molecules, often through ROS generation. These adhesion receptors regulate endothelial barrier function in ways both dependent on and independent of their engagement by immune cells, and orchestrate the crosstalk between leukocyte transendothelial migration and endothelial permeability during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Millán
- Jaime Millán, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Tel.: +34 911964713, Fax: +34 911964420, E-mail:
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Recapitulating physiological and pathological shear stress and oxygen to model vasculature in health and disease. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4951. [PMID: 24818558 PMCID: PMC4018609 DOI: 10.1038/srep04951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying human vascular disease in conventional cell cultures and in animal models does not effectively mimic the complex vascular microenvironment and may not accurately predict vascular responses in humans. We utilized a microfluidic device to recapitulate both shear stress and O2 levels in health and disease, establishing a microfluidic vascular model (μVM). Maintaining human endothelial cells (ECs) in healthy-mimicking conditions resulted in conversion to a physiological phenotype namely cell elongation, reduced proliferation, lowered angiogenic gene expression and formation of actin cortical rim and continuous barrier. We next examined the responses of the healthy μVM to a vasotoxic cancer drug, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), in comparison with an in vivo mouse model. We found that 5-FU does not induce apoptosis rather vascular hyperpermeability, which can be alleviated by Resveratrol treatment. This effect was confirmed by in vivo findings identifying a vasoprotecting strategy by the adjunct therapy of 5-FU with Resveratrol. The μVM of ischemic disease demonstrated the transition of ECs from a quiescent to an activated state, with higher proliferation rate, upregulation of angiogenic genes, and impaired barrier integrity. The μVM offers opportunities to study and predict human ECs with physiologically relevant phenotypes in healthy, pathological and drug-treated environments.
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50
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Privratsky JR, Newman PJ. PECAM-1: regulator of endothelial junctional integrity. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:607-19. [PMID: 24435645 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PECAM-1 (also known as CD31) is a cellular adhesion and signaling receptor comprising six extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like homology domains, a short transmembrane domain and a 118 amino acid cytoplasmic domain that becomes serine and tyrosine phosphorylated upon cellular activation. PECAM-1 expression is restricted to blood and vascular cells. In circulating platelets and leukocytes, PECAM-1 functions largely as an inhibitory receptor that, via regulated sequential phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic domain, limits cellular activation responses. PECAM-1 is also highly expressed at endothelial cell intercellular junctions, where it functions as a mechanosensor, as a regulator of leukocyte trafficking and in the maintenance of endothelial cell junctional integrity. In this review, we will describe (1) the functional domains of PECAM-1 and how they contribute to its barrier-enhancing properties, (2) how the physical properties of PECAM-1 influence its subcellular localization and its ability to influence endothelial cell barrier function, (3) various stimuli that initiate PECAM-1 signaling and/or function at the endothelial junction and (4) cross-talk of PECAM-1 with other junctional molecules, which can influence endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Privratsky
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, P.O. Box 2178, 638N. 18th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
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