1
|
Kong YX, Chiu J, Passam FH. "Sticki-ER": Functions of the Platelet Endoplasmic Reticulum. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38284332 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2024.0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Significance: The primary role of platelets is to generate a thrombus by platelet activation. Platelet activation relies on calcium mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER resident proteins, which are externalized upon platelet activation, are essential for the function of platelet surface receptors and intercellular interactions. Recent Advances: The platelet ER is a conduit for changes in cellular function in response to the extracellular milieu. ER homeostasis is maintained by an appropriate redox balance, regulated calcium stores and normal protein folding. Alterations in ER function and ER stress results in ER proteins externalizing to the cell surface, including members of the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDIs) and chaperones. Critical Issues: The platelet ER is central to platelet function, but our understanding of its regulation is incomplete. Previous studies have focused on the function of PDIs in the extracellular space, and much less on their intracellular role. How platelets maintain ER homeostasis and how they direct ER chaperone proteins to facilitate intercellular signalling is unknown. Future Directions: An understanding of ER functions in the platelet is essential as these may determine critical platelet activities such as secretion and adhesion. Studies are necessary to understand the redox reactions of PDIs in the intracellular versus extracellular space, as these differentially affect platelet function. An unresolved question is how platelet ER proteins control calcium release. Regulation of protein folding in the platelet and downstream pathways of ER stress require further evaluation. Targeting the platelet ER may have therapeutic application in metabolic and neoplastic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne X Kong
- Haematology Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joyce Chiu
- ACRF Centenary Cancer Research Centre, The Centenary Institute; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Freda H Passam
- Haematology Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Urao N, Liu J, Takahashi K, Ganesh G. Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Wound Healing Response. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:598-621. [PMID: 34353116 PMCID: PMC9419985 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Emerging evidence has shown a link between the status of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and wound healing responses. Thus, better understanding HSCs will contribute to further advances in wound healing research. Recent Advances: Myeloid cells such as neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages are critical players in the process of wound healing. HSCs actively respond to wound injury and other tissue insults, including infection and produce the effector myeloid cells, and a failing of the HSC response can result in impaired wound healing. Technological advances such as transcriptome at single-cell resolution, epigenetics, three-dimensional imaging, transgenic animals, and animal models, have provided novel concepts of myeloid generation (myelopoiesis) from HSCs, and have revealed cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms that can impact HSC functions in the context of health conditions. Critical Issues: The newer concepts include-the programmed cellular fate at a differentiation stage that is used to be considered as the multilineage, the signaling pathways that can activate HSCs directly and indirectly, the mechanisms that can deteriorate HSCs, the roles and remodeling of the surrounding environment for HSCs and their progenitors (the niche). Future Directions: The researches on HSCs, which produce blood cells, should contribute to the development of blood biomarkers predicting a risk of chronic wounds, which may transform clinical practice of wound care with precision medicine for patients at high risk of poor healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Urao
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Correspondence: Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Weiskotten Hall Room 5322, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Kentaro Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Gayathri Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He M, Chen T, Lv Y, Song P, Deng B, Guo X, Rui S, Boey J, Armstrong DG, Ma Y, Deng W. The role of allogeneic platelet-rich plasma in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: Current perspectives and future challenges. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:993436. [PMID: 36246379 PMCID: PMC9557159 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.993436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequency of chronic cutaneous wounds are sharply increasing in aging populations. Patients with age-related diseases, such as diabetes, tumors, renal failure and stroke are prone to soft tissue and skin injury, compounded by slowed healing in aging. Imbalance of wound inflammation, loss of growth factor secretion, and impairment of tissue repair abilities are all possible reasons for failed healing. Therefore, it is vital to explore novel approaches to accelerate wound healing. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a cell therapy has been widely applied for tissue repair and regeneration. PRP promotes wound healing by releasing antimicrobial peptides, growth factors and micro-RNAs. Medical evidence indicates that autologous platelet-rich plasma (au-PRP) can promote wound healing effectively, safely and rapidly. However, its clinical application is usually restricted to patients with chronic cutaneous wounds, generally because of other severe complications and poor clinical comorbidities. Allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (al-PRP), with abundant sources, has demonstrated its superiority in the field of chronic wound treatment. Al-PRP could overcome the limitations of au-PRP and has promising prospects in clinical applications. The aim of this review is to summarize the current status and future challenges of al-PRP in chronic cutaneous wound management. We also summarized clinical cases to further describe the application of al-PRP for chronic wounds in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- General Practice Department, Chongqing Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhuan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peiyang Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuewen Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunli Rui
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Johnson Boey
- Department of Podiatry, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David G. Armstrong
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wuquan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jain K, Tyagi T, Du J, Hu X, Patell K, Martin KA, Hwa J. Unfolded Protein Response Differentially Modulates the Platelet Phenotype. Circ Res 2022; 131:290-307. [PMID: 35862006 PMCID: PMC9357223 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unfolded protein response (UPR) is a multifaceted signaling cascade that alleviates protein misfolding. Although well studied in nucleated cells, UPR in absence of transcriptional regulation has not been described. Intricately associated with cardiovascular diseases, platelets, despite being anucleate, respond rapidly to stressors in blood. We investigate the UPR in anucleate platelets and explore its role, if any, on platelet physiology and function. METHODS Human and mouse platelets were studied using a combination of ex vivo and in vivo experiments. Platelet lineage-specific knockout mice were generated independently for each of the 3 UPR pathways, PERK (protein kinase RNA [PKR]-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), XBP1 (X-binding protein), and ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6). Diabetes patients were prospectively recruited, and platelets were evaluated for activation of UPR under chronic pathophysiological disease conditions. RESULTS Tunicamycin induced the IRE1α (inositol-requiring enzyme-1alpha)-XBP1 pathway in human and mouse platelets, while oxidative stress predominantly activated the PERK pathway. PERK deletion significantly increased platelet aggregation and apoptosis and phosphorylation of PLCγ2, PLCβ3, and p38 MAPK. Deficiency of XBP1 increased platelet aggregation, with higher PLCβ3 and PKCδ activation. ATF6 deletion mediated a relatively modest effect on platelet phenotype with increased PKA (protein kinase A). Platelets from diabetes patients exhibited a positive correlation between disease severity, platelet activation, and protein aggregation, with only IRE1α-XBP1 activation. Moreover, IRE1α inhibition increased platelet aggregation, while clinically approved chemical chaperone, sodium 4-phenylbutyrate reduced the platelet hyperactivation. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time, that UPR activation occurs in platelets and can be independent of genomic regulation, with selective induction being specific to the source and severity of stress. Each UPR pathway plays a key role and can differentially modulate the platelet activation pathways and phenotype. Targeting the specific arms of UPR may provide a new antiplatelet strategy to mitigate thrombotic risk in diabetes and other cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Jain
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 759, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Tarun Tyagi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 759, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Jing Du
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 759, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 759, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Kanchi Patell
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 759, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Kathleen A. Martin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 759, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 759, New Haven, CT 06511
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Oliveira AA, Mendoza VO, Rastogi S, Nunes KP. New insights into the role and therapeutic potential of HSP70 in diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106173. [PMID: 35278625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that HSP70 represents a key mechanism in the pathophysiology of β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and various diabetic complications, including micro- and macro-vascular alterations, as well as impaired hemostasis. Hyperglycemia, a hallmark of both types of diabetes, increases the circulating levels of HSP70 (eHSP70), but there is still divergence about whether diabetes up- or down-regulates the intracellular fraction of this protein (iHSP70). Here, we consider that iHSP70 levels reduce in diabetic arterial structures and that the vascular system is in direct contact with all other systems in the body suggesting that a systemic response might also be happening for iHSP70, which is characterized by decreased levels of HSP70 in the vasculature. Furthermore, although many pathways have been proposed to explain HSP70's functions in diabetes, and organs/tissues/cells-specific variations occur, the membrane-bound receptor of the innate immune system, Toll-like receptor 4, and its downstream signal transduction pathways appear to be a constant, not only when we explore the actions of eHSP70, but also when we assess the contributions of iHSP70. In this review, we focus on discussing the multiple roles of HSP70 across organs/tissues/cells affected by hyperglycemia to further explore the possibility of targeting this protein with pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches in the context of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Almeida de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Valentina Ochoa Mendoza
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Swasti Rastogi
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chiva-Blanch G, Peña E, Cubedo J, García-Arguinzonis M, Pané A, Gil PA, Perez A, Ortega E, Padró T, Badimon L. Molecular mapping of platelet hyperreactivity in diabetes: the stress proteins complex HSPA8/Hsp90/CSK2α and platelet aggregation in diabetic and normal platelets. Transl Res 2021; 235:1-14. [PMID: 33887528 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The molecular understanding of the pathophysiological changes elicited by diabetes in platelets may help in further elucidating the involvement of this pseudo-cell in the increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and thrombosis in diabetic subjects. We aimed to investigate the differential characteristics of platelets from diabetic patients and nondiabetic controls to unveil the molecular mechanisms behind the increased platelet reactivity in diabetes. We compared platelets from diabetic and control subjects by 2 dimensional-electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. Changes in selected differential proteins were validated by immunoprecipitation assays and western blot. Platelet aggregation was measured by light transmittance aggregometry induced by collagen and ADP, and dynamic coagulation analysis of whole blood was measured by thromboelastometry. We observed significant differences in proteins related to platelet aggregation, cell migration, and cell homeostasis. Subjects with diabetes showed higher platelet aggregation and thrombogenicity and higher contents of the stress-related protein complex HSPA8/Hsp90/CSK2α than nondiabetic subjects. Changes in the chaperones HSPA8 and Hsp90, and in CSK2α protein contents correlated with changes in platelet aggregation and blood coagulation activity. In conclusion, the complex HSPA8/Hsp90/CSK2α is involved in diabetes-related platelet hyperreactivity. The role of the HSPA8/Hsp90/CSK2α complex may become a molecular target for the development of future preventive and therapeutic strategies for platelet dysfunction associated with diabetes and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther Peña
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Judit Cubedo
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maisa García-Arguinzonis
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Pané
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro A Gil
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Perez
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ortega
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vilahur G, Nguyen PH, Badimon L. Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on the Potential of Autologous Stem Cells and Stem Cell-Derived Microvesicles to Repair the Ischemic Heart. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:933-949. [PMID: 34251593 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the advances in medical management and catheter-based therapy, mortality remains high, as does the risk of developing heart failure. Regenerative therapies have been widely used as an alternative option to repair the damaged heart mainly because of their paracrine-related beneficial effects. Although cell-based therapy has been demonstrated as feasible and safe, randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses show little consistent benefit from treatments with adult-derived stem cells. Mounting evidence from our group and others supports that cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities impair stem cell potential thus hampering their autologous use. This review aims to better understand the influence of diabetes on stem cell potential. For this purpose, we will first discuss the most recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of the effects of diabetes on stem cell phenotype, function, and molecular fingerprint to further elaborate on diabetes-induced alterations in stem cell extracellular vesicle profile. Although we acknowledge that multiple sources of stem or progenitor cells are used for regenerative purposes, we will focus on bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells residing in the bone marrow, and adipose tissue and briefly discuss endothelial colony-forming cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber CV - ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Phuong Hue Nguyen
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain. .,Ciber CV - ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Cardiovascular Research Chair UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ajjan RA, Kietsiriroje N, Badimon L, Vilahur G, Gorog DA, Angiolillo DJ, Russell DA, Rocca B, Storey RF. Antithrombotic therapy in diabetes: which, when, and for how long? Eur Heart J 2021; 42:2235-2259. [PMID: 33764414 PMCID: PMC8203081 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the main cause of mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) and also results in significant morbidity. Premature and more aggressive atherosclerotic disease, coupled with an enhanced thrombotic environment, contributes to the high vascular risk in individuals with DM. This prothrombotic milieu is due to increased platelet activity together with impaired fibrinolysis secondary to quantitative and qualitative changes in coagulation factors. However, management strategies to reduce thrombosis risk remain largely similar in individuals with and without DM. The current review covers the latest in the field of antithrombotic management in DM. The role of primary vascular prevention is discussed together with options for secondary prevention following an ischaemic event in different clinical scenarios including coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral artery diseases. Antiplatelet therapy combinations as well as combination of antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents are examined in both the acute phase and long term, including management of individuals with sinus rhythm and those with atrial fibrillation. The difficulties in tailoring therapy according to the variable atherothrombotic risk in different individuals are emphasized, in addition to the varying risk within an individual secondary to DM duration, presence of complications and predisposition to bleeding events. This review provides the reader with an up-to-date guide for antithrombotic management of individuals with DM and highlights gaps in knowledge that represent areas for future research, aiming to improve clinical outcome in this high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi A Ajjan
- The LIGHT Laboratories, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 7JT, UK
| | - Noppadol Kietsiriroje
- The LIGHT Laboratories, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 7JT, UK.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Sant Antoni M. Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sant Antoni M. Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Sant Antoni M. Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Sant Antoni M. Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sant Antoni M. Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana A Gorog
- University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Dovehouse St, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Dominick J Angiolillo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, 655 West, 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - David A Russell
- The LIGHT Laboratories, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 7JT, UK.,Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Bianca Rocca
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert F Storey
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rocca B, Patrono C. Aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus: A new perspective. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 160:108008. [PMID: 31926190 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the improved control of hyperglycaemia and other cardiovascular risk factors was associated with a parallel decline of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and death in both type 1 (T1) and type 2 (T2) diabetes mellitus (DM), the burden of death and hospitalization for ASCVD remains significantly higher by about 2-fold versus the matched non-DM population. Life style interventions, such as physical activity and healthy diet, and drugs, such as statins and low-dose aspirin, may have beneficial effects by targeting one or multiple pathways responsible for accelerated atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications. The debate on the benefit-risk balance of primary cardiovascular prevention with aspirin has been especially vivacious over the past two years, following the publication of three large randomized, placebo-controlled, primary prevention trials in different settings, spanning from healthy elderly to DM subjects. The aim of this review is to discuss the pathophysiological, pharmacological and clinical evidence supporting the appropriate use of low-dose aspirin in DM, within the context of the current multifactorial approach to primary cardiovascular prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rocca
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Patrono
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Walker J, Cattaneo M, Badimon L, Agnelli G, Chan AT, Lanas A, Rocca B, Rothwell P, Patrignani P, Langley R, Vilahur G, Cosentino F. Highlights from the 2019 International Aspirin Foundation Scientific Conference, Rome, 28 June 2019: benefits and risks of antithrombotic therapy for cardiovascular disease prevention. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:998. [PMID: 32153653 PMCID: PMC7032943 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
At the 2019 International Aspirin Foundation Scientific Conference 'Benefits and Risks of Antithrombotic Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention', held in Rome, Italy, international experts sought to discuss and debate the optimal antithrombotic strategy for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to seek agreement around dosing and target populations for aspirin use in primary disease prevention. Getting the best evidence to support real-life decisions in the clinic can be complex, and individualising management in order to balance both the risks and benefits of different disease prevention strategies appears to be the best approach. It is hoped that future decision-making tools and biomarkers will help direct treatments at those most likely to benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqui Walker
- International Aspirin Foundation, 34 Bower Mount Road, Maidstone, Kent ME16 8AU, UK
| | - Marco Cattaneo
- Medicina 2, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy - Dipartimento di Science della Salute, Università degli studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu, I Sant Pau and CiberCV, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Agnelli
- Internal Vascular and Emergency Medicine-Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Angel Lanas
- University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Bianca Rocca
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Rothwell
- Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia and Professor of Clinical Neurology, Oxford, UK
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and CeSI-MeT, 'G.d'Annunizio' University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ruth Langley
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, WC1V 6LJ London, UK
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC-Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain and CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, 28903 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on platelet tissue factor expression in stroke-prone rats. J Hypertens 2019; 36:1360-1371. [PMID: 29470366 PMCID: PMC6037281 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: Hypertension is a well known risk factor for thrombotic events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Platelets express tissue factor (TF), the key activator of blood coagulation and thrombus formation. The number of TF-positive platelets increases in pathological conditions characterized by thrombotic complications but whether this occurs in hypertension is unknown. Here we investigated whether platelet TF expression is increased in a hypertensive status through a mechanism acting on megakaryocytes; the phenomenon could be modulated by antihypertensive drug as captopril; angiotensin (AngII) influences platelet TF expression. Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone (SHRSP) rats received standard diet (StD) or a Japanese high-salt permissive diet (JpD). After 3 weeks, JpD animals were randomized to receive captopril or vehicle. Normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as controls. Cell-associated TF expression and activity were analyzed by flow cytometry and calibrated automated thrombogram, respectively. Results: Hypertensive StD-SHRSP showed an increased number of TF-positive platelets compared with normotensive WKY. After JpD administration, SHRSP developed severe hypertension and renal damage; the number of TF-positive megakaryocytes significantly increased compared with StD-SHRSP resulting in a higher number of TF-positive platelets with a faster kinetic of thrombin generation. These effects were reverted by captopril. Ex-vivo stimulation of platelets, isolated from normotensive WKY and from healthy individuals, with AngII induced a concentration-dependent increase of surface-associated TF expression. Conclusion: The current study shows for the first time that in hypertension the number of TF-positive megakaryocytes increases thus releasing in the circulation more platelets carrying a functionally active TF. AngII stimulates platelets to express TF.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mezzapesa A, Bastelica D, Crescence L, Poggi M, Grino M, Peiretti F, Panicot-Dubois L, Dupont A, Valero R, Maraninchi M, Bordet JC, Alessi MC, Dubois C, Canault M. Increased levels of the megakaryocyte and platelet expressed cysteine proteases stefin A and cystatin A prevent thrombosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9631. [PMID: 31270351 PMCID: PMC6610149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased platelet activity occurs in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and such platelet dysregulation likely originates from altered megakaryopoiesis. We initiated identification of dysregulated pathways in megakaryocytes in the setting of T2DM. We evaluated through transcriptomic analysis, differential gene expressions in megakaryocytes from leptin receptor-deficient mice (db/db), exhibiting features of human T2DM, and control mice (db/+). Functional gene analysis revealed an upregulation of transcripts related to calcium signaling, coagulation cascade and platelet receptors in diabetic mouse megakaryocytes. We also evidenced an upregulation (7- to 9.7-fold) of genes encoding stefin A (StfA), the human ortholog of Cystatin A (CSTA), inhibitor of cathepsin B, H and L. StfA/CSTA was present in megakaryocytes and platelets and its expression increased during obesity and diabetes in rats and humans. StfA/CSTA was primarily localized at platelet membranes and granules and was released upon agonist stimulation and clot formation through a metalloprotease-dependent mechanism. StfA/CSTA did not affect platelet aggregation, but reduced platelet accumulation on immobilized collagen from flowing whole blood (1200 s-1). In-vivo, upon laser-induced vascular injury, platelet recruitment and thrombus formation were markedly reduced in StfA1-overexpressing mice without affecting bleeding time. The presence of CA-074Me, a cathepsin B specific inhibitor significantly reduced thrombus formation in-vitro and in-vivo in human and mouse, respectively. Our study identifies StfA/CSTA as a key contributor of platelet-dependent thrombus formation in both rodents and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mezzapesa
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
| | | | - Lydie Crescence
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
| | - Marjorie Poggi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
| | - Michel Grino
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
| | - Franck Peiretti
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
| | | | - Annabelle Dupont
- CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Inserm U1011 - EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - René Valero
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
| | - Marie Maraninchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
| | - Jean-Claude Bordet
- Laboratoire d'Hémostase, Centre de Biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Hémophilie, UCBL1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Matthias Canault
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, 13385, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vilahur G. Red Blood Cells Deserve Attention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:781-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
14
|
Vilahur G, Ben-Aicha S, Badimon L. New insights into the role of adipose tissue in thrombosis. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1046-1054. [PMID: 28472252 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Central obesity is independently associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly thrombotic complications. Increasing data supports a link between excess body weight and the risk to suffer acute myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis after percutaneous interventions, ischemic stroke and vein thrombosis. Experimental and in vitro data have provided insights as to the mechanisms currently presumed to increase the thrombotic risk in obese subjects. Obesity is characterized by a chronic low grade inflammation and systemic oxidative stress that eventually damage the endothelium losing its antithrombotic properties. Obesity also stimulates the expression of leptin and attenuates adiponectin release, a protective adipokine. Although the contribution of adipokines to thrombosis has been questioned, recent work has suggested that they enhance platelet activation and, although to a lesser extent, induce the coagulation cascade through tissue factor (TF) expression. Increased body weight also impairs platelet sensitivity to insulin signaling and enhances the production of bioactive isoprostanes further promoting platelet reactivity. Finally, obese subjects have shown elevated circulating levels of von Willebrand factor, TF, factor VII and VIII, and fibrinogen, favoring a mild-to-moderate hypercoagulable state, and, on the other hand, increased secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) contributing to impair the fibrinolytic system. In the present review, we provide an overview of the impact of excess body weight on thrombosis. We will focus on the link between dysfunctional adipose tissue and endothelial damage, platelet reactivity, enhanced coagulation and impaired fibrinolysis; mechanisms currently recognized to increase arterial thrombotic risk in obese subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Science Institute-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soumaya Ben-Aicha
- Cardiovascular Science Institute-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Science Institute-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hernández Vera R, Padró T, Vilahur G, Badimon L. Antithrombotic therapy in obesity. Thromb Haemost 2017; 110:681-8. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-12-0928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
summaryClinical management of obese subjects to reduce their risk of suffering cardiovascular events is complex. Obese patients typically require preventive strategies, life-style modifications, and multi-drug therapy to address obesity-induced co-morbidities. Data regarding the effects of excess weight on the pharmacokinetics of most drugs is scarce as these individuals are often excluded from clinical trials. However, the physiological alterations observed in obese patients and their lower response to some antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants have suggested that dosage regimes need to be adjusted for these subjects. In this review we will briefly discuss platelet alterations that can contributeto increased thrombotic risk, analyse existing data regarding the effects of obesity on drug pharmacokinetics focusing on antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, and we will describe the beneficial effects of weight loss on thrombosis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zaccardi F, Rocca B, Rizzi A, Ciminello A, Teofili L, Ghirlanda G, De Stefano V, Pitocco D. Platelet indices and glucose control in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case-control study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:902-909. [PMID: 28838851 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The relationship between platelet indices and glucose control may differ in type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes. We aimed to investigate differences in mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count, and platelet mass between patients with T1DM, T2DM, and healthy controls and to explore associations between these platelet indices and glucose control. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 691 T1DM and 459 T2DM patients and 943 control subjects (blood donors) were included. HbA1c was measured in all subjects with diabetes and 36 T1DM patients further underwent 24 h-continuous glucose monitoring to estimate short-term glucose control (glucose mean and standard deviation). Adjusting for age and sex, platelet count was higher and MPV lower in both T1DM and T2DM patients vs control subjects, while platelet mass (MPV × platelet count) resulted higher only in T2DM. Upon further adjustment for HbA1c, differences in platelet count and mass were respectively 19.5 × 109/L (95%CI: 9.8-29.3; p < 0.001) and 101 fL/nL (12-191; p = 0.027) comparing T2DM vs T1DM patients. MPV and platelet count were significantly and differently related in T2DM patients vs both T1DM and control subjects; this difference was maintained also accounting for HbA1c, age, and sex. Platelet mass and the volume-count relationship were significantly related to HbA1c only in T1DM patients. No associations were found between platelet indices and short-term glucose control. CONCLUSION By accounting for confounders and glucose control, our data evidenced higher platelet mass and different volume-count kinetics in subjects with T2DM vs T1DM. Long-term glucose control seemed to influence platelet mass and the volume-count relationship only in T1DM subjects. These findings suggest different mechanisms behind platelet formation in T1DM and T2DM patients with long-term glycaemic control being more relevant in T1DM than T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Zaccardi
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
| | - B Rocca
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - A Rizzi
- Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - A Ciminello
- Institute of Haematology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - L Teofili
- Institute of Haematology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - G Ghirlanda
- Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - V De Stefano
- Institute of Haematology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - D Pitocco
- Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dai Z, Nie GD. Recipients Inherit a Cardiovascular Risk Factor From Bone Marrow Donors: Implications for Screening of Donors? Am J Transplant 2016; 16:3318-3319. [PMID: 27554804 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Dai
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - G D Nie
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bejar MT, Hernández-Vera R, Vilahur G, Badimon L. Bone Marrow Cell Transplant From Donors With Cardiovascular Risk Factors Increases the Pro-atherosclerotic Phenotype in the Recipients. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:3392-3403. [PMID: 27421708 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of long-term survival after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has revealed that these patients have an increased appearance of de novo cardiovascular risk factors. Even though in these clinical studies no relation to transplant-related factors has been found, no attention has been paid to the influence of cardiovascular risk factors affecting the bone marrow donors on the cardiovascular risk of the recipients. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze, using an animal model, whether transplantation of bone marrow from donors with cardiovascular risk factors increases cardiovascular risk in healthy recipients. Results from transplantation experiments have shown that bone marrow from donors with cardiovascular risk factors induced pro-atherogenic modifications in the cholesterol profile of healthy recipients, increasing the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction in comparison to those transplanted with control bone marrow. Moreover, bone marrow from donors with cardiovascular risk factors induced significant alterations in liver pro-inflammatory state and lipid metabolism-related gene expression that could contribute to alter cholesterol homeostasis. Altogether, these results suggest that cardiovascular risk factors in the donor confer a cardiometabolic alteration to their bone marrow cells that is transferred to noncardiovascular disease transplant recipients, affecting their liver function and increasing their cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Bejar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (UAB) and IIB-Santpau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Hernández-Vera
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (UAB) and IIB-Santpau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (UAB) and IIB-Santpau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (UAB) and IIB-Santpau, Barcelona, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hirano M, Imagawa A, Totani K. Stratified analysis of lectin-like chaperones in the folding disease-related metabolic syndrome rat model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:247-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
20
|
Ham JR, Lee HI, Choi RY, Sim MO, Choi MS, Kwon EY, Yun KW, Kim MJ, Lee MK. Anti-obesity and anti-hepatosteatosis effects of dietary scopoletin in high-fat diet fed mice. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
21
|
Glycated LDL increase VCAM-1 expression and secretion in endothelial cells and promote monocyte adhesion through mechanisms involving endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 417:169-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
22
|
Abstract
There are clear age-related changes in platelet count and function, driven by changes in hematopoietic tissue, the composition of the blood and vascular health. Platelet count remains relatively stable during middle age (25–60 years old) but falls in older people. The effect of age on platelet function is slightly less clear. The longstanding view is that platelet reactivity increases with age in an almost linear fashion. There are, however, serious limitations to the data supporting this dogma. We can conclude that platelet function increases during middle age, but little evidence exists on the changes in platelet responsiveness in old age (>75 years old). This change in platelet function is driven by differential mRNA and microRNA expression, an increase in oxidative stress and changes in platelet receptors. These age-related changes in platelets are particularly pertinent given that thrombotic disease and use of anti-platelet drugs is much more prevalent in the elderly population, yet the majority of platelet research is carried out in young to middle-aged (20–50 years old) human volunteers and young mice (2–6 months old). We know relatively little about exactly how platelets from people over 75 years old differ from those of middle-aged subjects, and we know even less about the mechanisms that drive these changes. Addressing these gaps in our knowledge will provide substantial understanding in how cell signalling changes during ageing and will enable the development of more precise anti-platelet therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris I Jones
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Harborne Building, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ali ZA, Qureshi YH, Karimi Galougahi K, Poludasu S, Roye S, Krishnan P, Zalewski A, Shah ZZ, Bhatti N, Kalapatapu K, Mehran R, Dangas G, Kini AS, Sharma SK. Effects of baseline and early acquired thrombocytopaenia on long-term mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with bivalirudin. EUROINTERVENTION 2016; 11:e1627-38. [DOI: 10.4244/eijv11i14a314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
Ferrer-Lorente R, Bejar MT, Badimon L. Notch signaling pathway activation in normal and hyperglycemic rats differs in the stem cells of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 23:3034-48. [PMID: 25035907 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise mechanisms underlying the differential function and cardiometabolic risk of white adipose tissue (WAT) remain unclear. Visceral adipose tissue (VWAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCWAT) have different metabolic functions that seem to be ascribed to their different intrinsic expansion capacities. Here we have hypothesized that the WAT characteristics are determined by the resident adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) found in the different WAT depots. Therefore, our objective has been to investigate adipogenesis in anatomically distinct fat depots. ASCs from five different WAT depots were characterized in both healthy lean and diabetic obese rats, showing significant differences in expression of some of genes governing the stemness and the earlier adipogenic differentiation steps. Notch-target genes [Hes (hairy and enhancer of split) and Hey (hairy/enhancer of split related with YRPW motif) families] were upregulated in ASCs derived from visceral depots. Upon adipogenic differentiation, adipocyte cell markers were downregulated in ASCs from VWAT in comparison to ASCs from SCWAT, revealing a lower adipogenic capacity in ASCs of visceral origin than in those of SCWAT in accordance with the differential activation of Notch signaling. Notch upregulation by its activator phenethyl isothiocyanate attenuated the adipogenic differentiation of ASCs from SCWAT whereas Notch inhibition by N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) increased the adipogenic differentiation of ASCs from visceral origin. In conclusion, the differential activation of Notch in ASCs is the origin of the different intrinsic WAT expansion capacities that contribute to the regional variations in WAT homeostasis and to its associated cardiometabolic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ferrer-Lorente
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC , Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Santilli F, Simeone P, Liani R, Davì G. Platelets and diabetes mellitus. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 120:28-39. [PMID: 25986598 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Platelet activation plays a key role in atherothrombosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and increased in vivo platelet activation with enhanced thromboxane (TX) biosynthesis has been reported in patients with impairment of glucose metabolism even in the earlier stages of disease and in the preclinical phases. In this regards, platelets appear as addresses and players carrying and transducing metabolic derangement into vascular injury. The present review critically addresses key pathophysiological aspects including (i) hyperglycemia, glycemic variability and insulin resistance as determinants and predictors of platelet activation, (ii) inflammatory mediators derived from platelets, such as soluble CD40 ligand, soluble CD36, Dickkopf-1 and probably soluble receptor for advanced glycation-end-products (sRAGE), which expand the functional repertoire of platelets from players of hemostasis and thrombosis to powerful amplifiers of inflammation by promoting the release of cytokines and chemokines, cell activation, and cell-cell interactions; (iii) molecular mechanisms underpinning the less-than-expected antithrombotic protection by aspirin (ASA), despite regular antiplatelet prophylaxis at the standard dosing regimen, and (iv) stratification of patients deserving different antiplatelet strategies, based on the metabolic phenotype. Taken together, these pathophysiological aspects may contribute to the development of promising mechanism-based therapeutic strategies to reduce the progression of atherothrombosis in diabetic subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santilli
- Internal Medicine and Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Simeone
- Internal Medicine and Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossella Liani
- Internal Medicine and Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Davì
- Internal Medicine and Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Schmidt
- From the Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Long-term supplementation of umbelliferone and 4-methylumbelliferone alleviates high-fat diet induced hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 216:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
28
|
Badimon L, Hernández Vera R, Vilahur G. Atherothrombotic risk in obesity. Hamostaseologie 2014; 33:259-68. [PMID: 24190286 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-13-07-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A link between obesity and coronary artery disease development has been repeatedly proposed, possibly in part due to the development of a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state in obese subjects. Adipocytes secrete numerous hormones and cytokines (adipokines) which influence gene expression and cell functions in endothelial cells, arterial smooth muscle cells, and monocytes/macrophages favouring the development of an atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque. Moreover, the release of such biologically active molecules also promotes endothelial function impairment, disturbs the haemostatic and fibrinolytic systems, and produces alterations in platelet function affecting the initiation, progression, and stabilization of thrombus formation upon atherosclerotic plaque rupture. In this review we will discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms by which obesity contributes to increase atherothrombosis paying special attention to its effects over thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Badimon
- Prof. Lina Badimon, Cardiovascular Research Center, C/ Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain, Tel. +34/93/556 58 80; Fax +34/93/556 55 59, E-mail:
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fuentes E, Fuentes F, Vilahur G, Badimon L, Palomo I. Mechanisms of chronic state of inflammation as mediators that link obese adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2013. [PMID: 23843680 DOI: 10.1115/2013/136584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiometabolic alterations that include the presence of arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity. Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory response, characterized by abnormal adipokine production, and the activation of proinflammatory signalling pathways resulting in the induction of several biological markers of inflammation. Macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration in adipose tissue may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-mediated metabolic disorders. Adiponectin can either act directly on macrophages to shift polarization and/or prime human monocytes into alternative M2-macrophages with anti-inflammatory properties. Meanwhile, the chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is regulated by a series of transcription factors, mainly PPARs and C/EBPs, that in conjunction regulate the expression of hundreds of proteins that participate in the metabolism and storage of lipids and, as such, the secretion by adipocytes. Therefore, the management of the metabolic syndrome requires the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed to alter the main genetic pathways involved in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes
- Immunology and Haematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fuentes E, Fuentes F, Vilahur G, Badimon L, Palomo I. Mechanisms of chronic state of inflammation as mediators that link obese adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:136584. [PMID: 23843680 PMCID: PMC3697419 DOI: 10.1155/2013/136584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiometabolic alterations that include the presence of arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity. Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory response, characterized by abnormal adipokine production, and the activation of proinflammatory signalling pathways resulting in the induction of several biological markers of inflammation. Macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration in adipose tissue may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-mediated metabolic disorders. Adiponectin can either act directly on macrophages to shift polarization and/or prime human monocytes into alternative M2-macrophages with anti-inflammatory properties. Meanwhile, the chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is regulated by a series of transcription factors, mainly PPARs and C/EBPs, that in conjunction regulate the expression of hundreds of proteins that participate in the metabolism and storage of lipids and, as such, the secretion by adipocytes. Therefore, the management of the metabolic syndrome requires the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed to alter the main genetic pathways involved in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes
- Immunology and Haematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Conicyt-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile
| | - Francisco Fuentes
- Interno Sexto Año, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular, ICCC-CSIC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, CiberOBN, Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular, ICCC-CSIC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, CiberOBN, Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iván Palomo
- Immunology and Haematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Conicyt-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Oggianu L, Lancellotti S, Pitocco D, Zaccardi F, Rizzo P, Martini F, Ghirlanda G, De Cristofaro R. The oxidative modification of von Willebrand factor is associated with thrombotic angiopathies in diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55396. [PMID: 23383177 PMCID: PMC3561310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The thrombogenic activity of Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is proportional to its molecular size and inversely related to its proteolysis by ADAMTS-13. Oxidation of VWF severely impairs its proteolysis by the metalloprotease. This study was aimed at assessing in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes whether protein carbonyls, marker of oxidative stress, are associated with both the level and oxidation status of VWF as well as with micro- and macroangiopathic complications. Eighty-three diabetic patients (41 type 1 and 42 type 2 diabetic subjects) and their respective eighty-three healthy controls were studied after verifying the availability, through institutional databases, of clinical biochemistry records spanning at least 3 years. VWF and protein carbonyls were measured by immunoassays, whereas VWF multimers were studied by SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis. Type 2 diabetic subjects had higher levels of VWF antigen (VWF:ag), VWF activity (VWF:act) and plasma proteins’ carbonyls compared to both their controls and type 1 diabetic subjects. Moreover, high molecular weight VWF multimers and specific VWF-bound carbonyls were significantly increased in subjects with micro- and macro-angiopathic complications. In both type 1 and type 2 diabetic subjects, ADAMTS-13 activity was in the normal range. In a multivariable analysis, only VWF-bound carbonyls were significantly associated with any form of thrombotic angiopathy in the entire group of T1- and T2 diabetic patients. These data provide first evidence that not only high VWF levels but also its oxidation status and the presence of high molecular weight VWF multimers that are not observed in SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis of normal subjects are associated with thrombotic angiopathies in diabetes mellitus. These findings may help identify diabetic patients particularly at risk for these complications and elucidate a new pathophysiological mechanism of thrombotic angiopathies in this clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Oggianu
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Haemostasis Research Centre, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
- Section of Biology Applied to Human Health, “Rome Tre” University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Lancellotti
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Haemostasis Research Centre, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Pitocco
- Diabetes Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Diabetes Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Haemostasis Research Centre, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
- Diabetes Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Martini
- Diabetes Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ghirlanda
- Diabetes Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Raimondo De Cristofaro
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Haemostasis Research Centre, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hernández Vera R, Vilahur G, Badimon L. Obesity with insulin resistance increase thrombosis in wild-type and bone marrow-transplanted Zucker Fatty rats. Thromb Haemost 2012; 109:319-27. [PMID: 23238129 DOI: 10.1160/th12-09-0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity induces metabolic and inflammatory alterations that contribute to the presentation of cardiovascular events. Although obesity is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and vascular disease, its role on thrombosis has not been directly explored. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which obesity affects thrombosis. Thrombus formation was monitored by real-time intravital microscopy in Zucker Fatty rats (ZF) and lean controls (ZC). Crossed bone marrow (BM) transplants between ZF and ZC were performed. Intravital microscopy showed that ZF had significantly shorter occlusion times (OTs) than ZC, reflecting a three-fold higher thrombotic risk. Transplantation of ZC-BM to ZF recipients significantly reduced thrombosis, reducing their thrombotic risk to one third of that observed in non-transplanted ZF. Wild-type ZF showed increased platelet counts and increased platelet size compared to wild-type ZC and platelet number remained unaltered after transplantation. However, ZF-BM produced a significant increase in platelet size in ZC recipients. Thrombotic risk was found to be inversely correlated with both weight and insulin levels and directly correlated to HOMA-IR, while platelet number and size were directly correlated with weight. Thus, our data shows that obesity with insulin resistance significantly increases thrombosis and that alterations in BM-derived cells significantly contribute to this prothrombotic behaviour. Importantly, the reduction of insulin resistance was associated with reduced thrombotic risk even in the presence of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Hernández Vera
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|