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Chidambaram V, Kumar A, Sadaf MI, Lu E, Al’Aref SJ, Tarun T, Galiatsatos P, Gulati M, Blumenthal RS, Leucker TM, Karakousis PC, Mehta JL. COVID-19 in the Initiation and Progression of Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology During and Beyond the Acute Phase. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:101107. [PMID: 39113913 PMCID: PMC11304887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is increasing globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries, despite significant efforts to reduce traditional risk factors. Premature subclinical atherosclerosis has been documented in association with several viral infections. The magnitude of the recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to understand the association between SARS-CoV-2 and atherosclerosis. This review examines various pathophysiological mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and inflammatory and immune hyperactivation triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection, with specific attention on their roles in initiating and promoting the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Additionally, it addresses the various pathogenic mechanisms by which COVID-19 in the post-acute phase may contribute to the development of vascular disease. Understanding the overlap of these syndromes may enable novel therapeutic strategies. We further explore the need for guidelines for closer follow-up for the often-overlooked evidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among patients with recent COVID-19, particularly those with cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Chidambaram
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Amudha Kumar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Murrium I. Sadaf
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Emily Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Subhi J. Al’Aref
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Tushar Tarun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Panagis Galiatsatos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha Gulati
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thorsten M. Leucker
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Petros C. Karakousis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jawahar L. Mehta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Tanzadehpanah H, Lotfian E, Avan A, Saki S, Nobari S, Mahmoodian R, Sheykhhasan M, Froutagh MHS, Ghotbani F, Jamshidi R, Mahaki H. Role of SARS-COV-2 and ACE2 in the pathophysiology of peripheral vascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115321. [PMID: 37597321 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), created a serious challenge worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 has high infectivity, the ability to be transmitted even during the asymptomatic phase, and relatively low virulence, which has resulted in rapid transmission. SARS-CoV-2 can invade epithelial cells, hence, many patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have suffered from vascular diseases (VDs) in addition to pulmonary manifestations. Accordingly, SARS-CoV-2 may can worsen the clinical condition of the patients with pre-existing VDs. Endothelial cells express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is a biological enzyme that converts angiotensin (Ang)- 2 to Ang-(1-7). SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 as a cell receptor for viral entry. Thus, the SARS-CoV-2 virus promotes downregulation of ACE2, Ang-(1-7), and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as, an increase in Ang-2, resulting in pro-inflammatory cytokines. SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause hypertension, and endothelial damage, which can lead to intravascular thrombosis. In this review, we have concentrated on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 in peripheral vascular diseases (PVDs) and ACE2 as an enzyme in Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). A comprehensive search was performed on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, using related keywords. Articles focusing on ("SARS-CoV-2", OR "COVID-19"), AND ("Vascular disease", OR "Peripheral vascular disease", OR interested disease name) with regard to MeSH terms, were selected. According to the studies, it is supposed that vascular diseases may increase susceptibility to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection due to increased thrombotic burden and endothelial dysfunction. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanism and vascular system pathogenesis is crucial for effective management and treatment in pre-existing vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Tanzadehpanah
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Lotfian
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Medical Genetics Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Saki
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan Iran
| | - Sima Nobari
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan Iran
| | - Roghaye Mahmoodian
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Farzaneh Ghotbani
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raoufeh Jamshidi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanie Mahaki
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Molaei A, Molaei E, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Mas receptor: a potential strategy in the management of ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1654-1674. [PMID: 37365840 PMCID: PMC10361149 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2228089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MasR is a critical element in the RAS accessory pathway that protects the heart against myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and pathological remodeling by counteracting the effects of AT1R. This receptor is mainly stimulated by Ang 1-7, which is a bioactive metabolite of the angiotensin produced by ACE2. MasR activation attenuates ischemia-related myocardial damage by facilitating vasorelaxation, improving cell metabolism, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, inhibiting thrombosis, and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaque. It also prevents pathological cardiac remodeling by suppressing hypertrophy- and fibrosis-inducing signals. In addition, the potential of MasR in lowering blood pressure, improving blood glucose and lipid profiles, and weight loss has made it effective in modulating risk factors for coronary artery disease including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Considering these properties, the administration of MasR agonists offers a promising approach to the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease.Abbreviations: Acetylcholine (Ach); AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); Angiotensin (Ang); Angiotensin receptor (ATR); Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB); Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE); Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI); Anti-PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing 16 (PRDM16); bradykinin (BK); Calcineurin (CaN); cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB); Catalase (CAT); C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2); Chloride channel 3 (CIC3); c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK); Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36); Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART); Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF); Coronary artery disease (CAD); Creatine phosphokinase (CPK); C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10); Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR); Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS); Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2); Fatty acid transport protein (FATP); Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21); Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1); Glucokinase (Gk); Glucose transporter (GLUT); Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β); High density lipoprotein (HDL); High sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP); Inositol trisphosphate (IP3); Interleukin (IL); Ischemic heart disease (IHD); Janus kinase (JAK); Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4); Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP); Left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP); Lipoprotein lipase (LPL); L-NG-Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME); Low density lipoprotein (LDL); Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR); Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgpr); Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP); MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1); Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1); NADPH oxidase (NOX); Neuropeptide FF (NPFF); Neutral endopeptidase (NEP); Nitric oxide (NO); Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB); Nuclear-factor of activated T-cells (NFAT); Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1); Peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor γ (PPARγ); Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3k); Phospholipase C (PLC); Prepro-orexin (PPO); Prolyl-endopeptidase (PEP); Prostacyclin (PGI2); Protein kinase B (Akt); Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Renin-angiotensin system (RAS); Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK); Serum amyloid A (SAA); Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT); Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1); Slit guidance ligand 3 (Slit3); Smooth muscle 22α (SM22α); Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c); Stromal-derived factor-1a (SDF); Superoxide dismutase (SOD); Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); Tissue factor (TF); Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4); Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1); Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α); Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1); Ventrolateral medulla (VLM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Molaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Emad Molaei
- PharmD, Assistant of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Devaux CA, Camoin-Jau L. An update on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 structure/functions, polymorphism, and duplicitous nature in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019: Implications for vascular and coagulation disease associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1042200. [PMID: 36519165 PMCID: PMC9742611 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been known for many years that the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a cell surface enzyme involved in the regulation of blood pressure. More recently, it was proven that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) interacts with ACE2 to enter susceptible human cells. This functional duality of ACE2 tends to explain why this molecule plays such an important role in the clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At the very start of the pandemic, a publication from our Institute (entitled "ACE2 receptor polymorphism: susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, hypertension, multi-organ failure, and COVID-19 disease outcome"), was one of the first reviews linking COVID-19 to the duplicitous nature of ACE2. However, even given that COVID-19 pathophysiology may be driven by an imbalance in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), we were still far from understanding the complexity of the mechanisms which are controlled by ACE2 in different cell types. To gain insight into the physiopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is essential to consider the polymorphism and expression levels of the ACE2 gene (including its alternative isoforms). Over the past 2 years, an impressive amount of new results have come to shed light on the role of ACE2 in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, requiring us to update our analysis. Genetic linkage studies have been reported that highlight a relationship between ACE2 genetic variants and the risk of developing hypertension. Currently, many research efforts are being undertaken to understand the links between ACE2 polymorphism and the severity of COVID-19. In this review, we update the state of knowledge on the polymorphism of ACE2 and its consequences on the susceptibility of individuals to SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss the link between the increase of angiotensin II levels among SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and the development of a cytokine storm associated microvascular injury and obstructive thrombo-inflammatory syndrome, which represent the primary causes of severe forms of COVID-19 and lethality. Finally, we summarize the therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing the severe forms of COVID-19 that target ACE2. Changing paradigms may help improve patients' therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Devaux
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU–Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Center National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Camoin-Jau
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU–Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Hôpital de La Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean-Moulin, Marseille, France
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Zhang M, Sui W, Xing Y, Cheng J, Cheng C, Xue F, Zhang J, Wang X, Zhang C, Hao P, Zhang Y. Angiotensin IV attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy via suppressing FoxO1-induced excessive autophagy, apoptosis and fibrosis. Theranostics 2021; 11:8624-8639. [PMID: 34522203 PMCID: PMC8419053 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, but the role of a member of RAAS, angiotensin IV (Ang IV), in this disease and its underlying mechanism are unclear. This study was aimed to clarify the effects of Ang IV and its downstream mediator forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) on diabetic cardiomyopathy. Methods:In vivo, diabetic mice were treated with low-, medium- and high-dose Ang IV, AT4R antagonist divalinal, FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856 (AS), or their combinations. In vitro, H9C2 cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts were treated with different concentrations of glucose, low-, medium- and high-dose Ang IV, divalinal, FoxO1-overexpression plasmid (FoxO1-OE), AS, or their combinations. Results: Ang IV treatment dose-dependently attenuated left ventricular dysfunction, fibrosis, and myocyte apoptosis in diabetic mice. Besides, enhanced autophagy and FoxO1 protein expression by diabetes were dose-dependently suppressed by Ang IV treatment. However, these cardioprotective effects of Ang IV were completely abolished by divalinal administration. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in autophagy, apoptosis, and FoxO signaling pathways among control, diabetes, and diabetes+high-dose Ang IV groups. Similar to Ang IV, AS treatment ameliorated diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice. In vitro, high glucose stimulation increased collagen expression, apoptosis, overactive autophagy flux and FoxO1 nuclear translocation in cardiomyocytes, and upregulated collagen and FoxO1 expression in cardiac fibroblasts, which were substantially attenuated by Ang IV treatment. However, these protective effects of Ang IV were completely blocked by the use of divalinal or FoxO1-OE, and these detrimental effects were reversed by the additional administration of AS. Conclusions: Ang IV treatment dose-dependently attenuated left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in a mouse model of diabetic cardiomyopathy, and the mechanisms involved stimulation of AT4R and suppression of FoxO1-mediated fibrosis, apoptosis, and overactive autophagy.
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Poznyak AV, Bharadwaj D, Prasad G, Grechko AV, Sazonova MA, Orekhov AN. Renin-Angiotensin System in Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Treatment of CVD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136702. [PMID: 34206708 PMCID: PMC8269397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis has complex pathogenesis, which involves at least three serious aspects: inflammation, lipid metabolism alterations, and endothelial injury. There are no effective treatment options, as well as preventive measures for atherosclerosis. However, this disease has various severe complications, the most severe of which is cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is important to note, that CVD is among the leading causes of death worldwide. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important part of inflammatory response regulation. This system contributes to the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the injured site and stimulates the production of various cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-a, and COX-2. There is also an association between RAAS and oxidative stress, which is also an important player in atherogenesis. Angiotensin-II induces plaque formation at early stages, and this is one of the most crucial impacts on atherogenesis from the RAAS. Importantly, while stimulating the production of ROS, Angiotensin-II at the same time decreases the generation of NO. The endothelium is known as a major contributor to vascular function. Oxidative stress is the main trigger of endothelial dysfunction, and, once again, links RAAS to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. All these implications of RAAS in atherogenesis lead to an explicable conclusion that elements of RAAS can be promising targets for atherosclerosis treatment. In this review, we also summarize the data on treatment approaches involving cytokine targeting in CVD, which can contribute to a better understanding of atherogenesis and even its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi 110067, India;
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Margarita A. Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
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Kukida M, Sawada H, Ohno-Urabe S, Howatt DA, Moorleghen JJ, Poglitsch M, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Effects of Endogenous Angiotensin II on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms and Atherosclerosis in Angiotensin II-Infused Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020467. [PMID: 33890483 PMCID: PMC8200749 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Lexington KY.,Department of Physiology University of Kentucky Lexington KY
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Lexington KY.,Department of Physiology University of Kentucky Lexington KY
| | - Hong S Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Lexington KY.,Department of Physiology University of Kentucky Lexington KY
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Liu Y, Zhang HG. Vigilance on New-Onset Atherosclerosis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:629413. [PMID: 33553222 PMCID: PMC7855580 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.629413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global challenge to public health. While its typical clinical manifestations are respiratory disorders, emerging evidence of cardiovascular complications indicates the adverse interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiovascular outcomes. Given that viral infection has emerged as an additional risk factor for atherosclerosis, in this paper, we attempt to clarify the susceptibility to new-onset atherosclerosis in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Mechanistically, serving as functional receptors for SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) mediates SARS-CoV-2 infection of endothelial cells (ECs) directly, leading to endothelial dysfunction and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In addition, high expression of CD147, an alternative receptor, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome may also contribute to atherosclerosis in the context of COVID-19. More importantly, SARS-CoV-2 attacks the immune system, which results in excessive inflammation and perpetuates a vicious cycle of deteriorated endothelial dysfunction that further promotes inflammation. The alterations in the blood lipid profile induced by COVID-19 should not be ignored in assessing the predisposition toward atherosclerosis in victims of COVID-19. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the long-term monitoring of inflammatory factors and endothelial function should be considered in the follow-up of patients who have recovered from COVID-19 for early detection and prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hai-Gang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Luo J, Zhu X, Jian J, Chen XU, Yin K. Cardiovascular disease in patients with COVID-19: evidence from cardiovascular pathology to treatment. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:273-282. [PMID: 33428706 PMCID: PMC7929476 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly developed into a global pneumonia pandemic. Cardiovascular disease is the major comorbidity of COVID-19 patients and is closely related to the severity of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection can directly or indirectly cause a series of cardiac complications, including acute myocardial injury and myocarditis, heart failure and cardiac arrest, arrhythmia, acute myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and coagulation abnormalities. Intensive research on the SARS-CoV-2-associated cardiovascular complications is urgently needed to elucidate its exact mechanism and to identify potential drug targets, which will help to formulate effective prevention and treatment strategies. Hence, this review will summarize recent progress regarding the effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system and describe the underlying mechanism of cardiovascular injury caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jie Jian
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - X u Chen
- *Correspondence address. Tel: +86-13907736890; E-mail: (X.C.) / Tel: +86-773-5369253; E-mail: (K.Y.)
| | - Kai Yin
- *Correspondence address. Tel: +86-13907736890; E-mail: (X.C.) / Tel: +86-773-5369253; E-mail: (K.Y.)
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10
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ACE2: from protection of liver disease to propagation of COVID-19. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:3137-3158. [PMID: 33284956 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Twenty years ago, the discovery of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was an important breakthrough dramatically enhancing our understanding of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The classical RAS is driven by its key enzyme ACE and is pivotal in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. More recently, it has been recognised that the protective RAS regulated by ACE2 counterbalances many of the deleterious effects of the classical RAS. Studies in murine models demonstrated that manipulating the protective RAS can dramatically alter many diseases including liver disease. Liver-specific overexpression of ACE2 in mice with liver fibrosis has proved to be highly effective in antagonising liver injury and fibrosis progression. Importantly, despite its highly protective role in disease pathogenesis, ACE2 is hijacked by SARS-CoV-2 as a cellular receptor to gain entry to alveolar epithelial cells, causing COVID-19, a severe respiratory disease in humans. COVID-19 is frequently life-threatening especially in elderly or people with other medical conditions. As an unprecedented number of COVID-19 patients have been affected globally, there is an urgent need to discover novel therapeutics targeting the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and ACE2. Understanding the role of ACE2 in physiology, pathobiology and as a cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection provides insight into potential new therapeutic strategies aiming to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection related tissue injury. This review outlines the role of the RAS with a strong focus on ACE2-driven protective RAS in liver disease and provides therapeutic approaches to develop strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.
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Cao C, Hasegawa Y, Hayashi K, Takemoto Y, Kim-Mitsuyama S. Chronic Angiotensin 1-7 Infusion Prevents Angiotensin-II-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction and Skeletal Muscle Injury in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:297-309. [PMID: 30958350 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly viewed as a neurological disease accompanied by a systemic disorder. Accumulating evidence supports that angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 exert opposite effects on various organs including the brain. However, the interaction between angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 in AD remains to be defined. The present study was undertaken to examine the interaction between these peptides in AD. 5XFAD mice, a useful model of AD, were separated into three groups: 1) saline-infused, 2) angiotensin II-infused, and 3) angiotensin II-infused and angiotensin 1-7-co-infused. These peptides were systemically given to 5XFAD mice via osmotic minipump for 4 weeks. Systemic angiotensin II infusion for 4 weeks induced significant hypertension in both wild-type and 5XFAD mice. Angiotensin II induced cognitive abnormality in 5XFAD mice as estimated by the Morris water maze test and the nest building test, and this effect was associated with cerebral blood flow reduction, cortical arterial amyloid-β deposition, hippocampal inflammation, and neuron loss in 5XFAD mice. In addition, angiotensin II infusion led to gastrocnemius muscle atrophy in 5XFAD mice. Co-infusion of angiotensin 1-7 prevented the above mentioned detrimental effects of angiotensin II in the brain and gastrocnemius muscle in 5XFAD mice, without significant influence on blood pressure. The left ventricular hypertrophic response to angiotensin II was attenuated in 5XFAD mice compared with wild-type mice, which was not significantly altered by co-administration of angiotensin 1-7. Our results show that angiotensin 1-7 counteracts angiotensin II-induced cognitive impairment, brain injury, and skeletal muscle injury in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program", Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenyu Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yushin Takemoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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12
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Silva GM, França-Falcão MS, Calzerra NTM, Luz MS, Gadelha DDA, Balarini CM, Queiroz TM. Role of Renin-Angiotensin System Components in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Ang-II, ACE2, and Ang-1-7. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1067. [PMID: 33013457 PMCID: PMC7494970 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of vascular disease worldwide and contributes significantly to deaths from cardiovascular complications. There is a remarkably close relationship between atherosclerotic plaque formation and the activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). However, depending on which RAS pathway is activated, pro- or anti-atherogenic outcomes may be observed. This brief review focuses on the role of three of the most important pieces of RAS axis, angiotensin II (Ang-II), angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2), and angiotensin 1-7 (Ang-1-7) and their involvement in atherosclerosis. We focused on the effects of these molecules on vascular function and inflammation, which are important determinants of atherogenesis. Furthermore, we highlighted potential pharmacological approaches to treat this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mickael S Luz
- Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Camille M Balarini
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Thyago M Queiroz
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
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13
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Han W, Wei Z, Dang R, Guo Y, Zhang H, Geng C, Wang C, Feng Q, Jiang P. Angiotensin-Ⅱ and angiotensin-(1-7) imbalance affects comorbidity of depression and coronary heart disease. Peptides 2020; 131:170353. [PMID: 32599080 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A large body of evidence suggests a relationship between depression and coronary heart disease (CHD). Angiotensin-Ⅱ (Ang-Ⅱ) and angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] are considered to exert biological effects in both conditions. Here, we aimed to determine the role of Ang-Ⅱ and Ang-(1-7) in the occurrence of comorbid depression in patients with CHD. Our study included 214 CHD patients and 100 matched healthy controls. Serum Ang-Ⅱ and Ang-(1-7) levels were assessed by ELISA, and the depression symptoms were evaluated by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Linear regression and correlation analyses were used to estimate the associations between PHQ-9 scores and Ang-Ⅱ and Ang-(1-7) serum levels. Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and MAS1 genes were genotyped. The associations between SNPs and depression risk in CHD patients were examined using logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and gender. Decreased Ang-(1-7) (P < 0.05) and an elevated Ang-Ⅱ/Ang-(1-7) ratio (P < 0.01) were observed in CHD patients with depression compared to CHD patients without depression. PHQ-9 scores were negatively correlated with Ang-(1-7) level (r=-0.44, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with the Ang-Ⅱ/Ang-(1-7) ratio (r = 0.33, P < 0.05). Furthermore, carriers of risk allele T for CHD with depression had significantly higher PHQ-9 scores (P < 0.05), lower Ang-(1-7) level (P < 0.01), and higher Ang-Ⅱ/Ang-(1-7) ratio (P < 0.05) than those CC carriers. Collectively, our results firstly showed that Ang-(1-7) serum level in CHD patients may protect against comorbid depression. Moreover, the imbalance between Ang-Ⅱ and Ang-(1-7) may contribute to depression in CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Han
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Zhijie Wei
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Ruili Dang
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Changshui Wang
- Department of Clinical & Translational Medicine, Jining Life Science Center, Jining 272000, China
| | - Qingyan Feng
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
| | - Pei Jiang
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
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14
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Choi HS, Kim IJ, Kim CS, Ma SK, Scholey JW, Kim SW, Bae EH. Angiotensin-[1-7] attenuates kidney injury in experimental Alport syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4225. [PMID: 32144368 PMCID: PMC7060323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-[1–7] (Ang-[1–7]) antagonize the actions of the renin-angiotensin-system via the Mas receptor and thereby exert renoprotective effects. Murine recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 was reported to show renoprotective effects in an experimental Alport syndrome model; however, the protective effect of direct administration of Ang-[1–7] is unknown. Here, we used Col4a3−/− mice as a model of Alport syndrome, which were treated with saline or Ang- [1–7]; saline-treated wild-type mice were used as a control group. The mice were continuously infused with saline or Ang-[1–7] (25 μg/kg/h) using osmotic mini-pumps. Col4a3−/− mice showed increased α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen, and fibronectin expression levels, which were attenuated by Ang-[1–7] treatment. Moreover, Ang-[1–7] alleviated activation of transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling, and attenuated the protein expression of ED-1 and heme oxygenase-1, indicating reduction of renal inflammation. Ang-[1–7] treatment further reduced the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules and attenuated apoptosis in human kidney cells. Finally, Ang-[1–7] downregulated TNF-α converting enzyme and upregulated ACE2 expression. Thus, treatment with Ang-[1–7] altered the ACE2-Ang-[1–7]-Mas receptor axis in the kidneys of Col4a3−/− mice to attenuate the nephropathy progression of Alport syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sang Choi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - In Jin Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chang Seong Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong Kwon Ma
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - James W Scholey
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
| | - Eun Hui Bae
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
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15
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Xue F, Yang J, Cheng J, Sui W, Cheng C, Li H, Zhang M, Zhang J, Xu X, Ma J, Lu L, Xu J, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhang C. Angiotensin-(1-7) mitigated angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1719-1734. [PMID: 31658493 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] may attenuate abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) via inhibiting vascular inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis, an animal model of AAA was established by angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion to apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/- ) mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH All mice and cultured SMCs or macrophages were divided into control, Ang II-treated, Ang II + Ang-(1-7)-treated, Ang II + Ang-(1-7) + A779-treated and Ang II + Ang-(1-7) + PD123319-treated groups respectively. In vivo, aortic mechanics and serum lipids were assessed. Ex vivo, AAA were examined by histology, immunohistochemistry and zymography. Cultured cells were analysed by RT-PCR, western blots and TUNEL assays. KEY RESULTS In vivo, Ang-(1-7) reduced the incidence and severity of AAA induced by Ang II infusion, by inhibiting macrophage infiltration, attenuating expression of IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2 and MMP2, and decreasing SMC apoptosis in abdominal aortic tissues. Addition of A779 or PD123319 reversed Ang-(1-7)-mediated beneficial effects on AAA. In vitro, Ang-(1-7) decreased expression of mRNA for IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL2 induced by Ang II in macrophages. In addition, Ang-(1-7) suppressed apoptosis and MMP2 expression and activity in Ang II-treated SMCs. These effects were accompanied by inhibition of the ERK1/2 signalling pathways via Ang-(1-7) stimulation of Mas and AT2 receptors. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Ang-(1-7) treatment attenuated Ang II-induced AAA via inhibiting vascular inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and SMC apoptosis. Ang-(1-7) may provide a novel and promising approach to the prevention and treatment of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhai Sui
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongxuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingli Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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16
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Ma H, Wang YL, Hei NH, Li JL, Cao XR, Dong B, Yan WJ. AVE0991, a nonpeptide angiotensin-(1-7) mimic, inhibits angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:541-551. [PMID: 32060588 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AVE0991, a nonpeptide angiotensin-(1-7) mimic, has similar protective effects for cardiovascular system to Ang-(1-7). In this article, we aimed to explore the effects of AVE0991 and Ang-(1-7) on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) induced by Ang II in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. The mice AAA model was established by Ang II infusion, and then mice received different treatment with saline, Ang II (1.44 mg/kg/day), different dose AVE0991 (0.58 or 1.16 μmol/kg/day), or Ang-(1-7) (400 ng/kg/min). The incidence of AAA was 76%, 48%, 28%, and 24% in the vehicle, the low-dose AVE0991, high-dose AVE0991, and the Ang-(1-7) group, respectively. In comparison with control group, AVE0991 and Ang-(1-7) treatment significantly increased smooth muscle cells and decreased macrophage accumulation, the expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and the expression and activity of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in mice AAA model or in human smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs). The therapeutic effects may be contributed to reduction of oxidative stress and downregulation of P38 and ERK1/2 signal pathways via Mas receptor activation, whereas the positive impacts were reversed by co-administration with the Mas antagonist A779 (400 ng/kg/min) and AVE0991 in Ang II-infused mice or in hVSMCs. Therefore, AVE0991 and Ang-(1-7) might be novel and promising interventions in the prevention and treatment of AAA. KEY MESSAGES: • AVE0991 dose-dependently inhibited Ang II-induced AAA formation in Apoe-/- mice. • Ang-(1-7) played the same protective role as high-dose AVE0991. • Inhibition of Mas receptor with A779 could reverse the protective effect of AVE0991. • The therapeutic effects may be contributed to reduction of oxidative stress and downregulation of P38 and ERK1/2 signal pathways via Mas receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Lin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nai-Hao Hei
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Ran Cao
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Wen-Jiang Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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17
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Zhang K, Kong J, Liu B, Meng X. Regulatory T cells suppress the expression of COX-2 in vulnerable plaque. Heart Vessels 2019; 35:278-283. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Zhou X, Zhang P, Liang T, Chen Y, Liu D, Yu H. Relationship between circulating levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin-(1-7)-MAS axis and coronary heart disease. Heart Vessels 2019; 35:153-161. [PMID: 31359146 PMCID: PMC7100072 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a counter-regulatory arm of the renin angiotensin system (RAS), the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin-(1–7)-MAS axis (ACE2-Ang-(1–7)-MAS axis) plays a protective role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the link between circulating levels of ACE2-Ang-(1–7)-Mas axis and coronary atherosclerosis in humans is not determined. The object of present study was to investigate the association of circulating levels of ACE2, Ang-(1–7) and Ang-(1–9) with coronary heart disease (CHD) defined by coronary angiography (CAG). 275 patients who were referred to CAG for the evaluation of suspected CHD were enrolled and divided into two groups: CHD group (diameter narrowing ≥ 50%, n = 218) and non-CHD group (diameter narrowing < 50%, n = 57). Circulating ACE2, Ang-(1–7) and Ang-(1–9) levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In females, circulating ACE2 levels were higher in the CHD group than in the non-CHD group (5617.16 ± 5206.67 vs. 3124.06 ± 3005.36 pg/ml, P = 0.009), and subgroup analysis showed the significant differences in ACE2 levels between the two groups only exist in patients with multi-vessel lesions (P = 0.009). In multivariate logistic regression, compared with the people in the lowest ACE2 quartile, those in the highest quartile had an OR of 4.33 (95% CI 1.20–15.61) for the CHD (P for trend = 0.025), the OR was 5.94 (95% CI 1.08–32.51) for the third ACE2 quartile and 9.58 (95% CI 1.61–56.95) for the highest ACE2 quartile after adjusting for potential confounders (P for trend = 0.022). However, circulating Ang-(1–7) and Ang-(1–9) levels had no significant differences between the two groups. In males, there were no significant differences in the levels of ACE2-Ang-(1–7)-MAS axis between two groups. Together, circulating ACE2 levels, but not Ang-(1–7) and Ang-(1–9) levels, significantly increased in female CHD group when compared with non-CHD group, increased ACE2 was independently associated with CHD in female and in patients with multi-vessel lesions even after adjusting for the confounding factors, indicating that ACE2 may participate as a compensatory mechanism in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shantou Central Hospital and Affiliated Shantou Hospital of SunYat-Sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong General Hospital's Nanhai Hospital, Foshan, China.
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19
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Silencing of junctional adhesion molecule-like protein attenuates atherogenesis and enhances plaque stability in ApoE -/- mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1215-1228. [PMID: 31101724 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Although junctional adhesion molecule-like protein (JAML) has recently been implicated in leukocyte recruitment during inflammation and wound repair, its role in atherosclerosis remains to be elucidated. Methods and results: First, we showed that JAML was strongly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques of cardiovascular patients. Similar results were obtained with atherosclerotic plaques of ApoE-/- mice. Co-immunofluorescence staining showed that JAML was mainly expressed in macrophages. Enhanced expression of JAML in cultured macrophages was observed following exposure of the cells to oxLDL. The functional role of JAML in atherosclerosis and macrophages function was assessed by interference of JAML with shRNA in vivo and siRNA in vitro Silencing of JAML in mice significantly attenuated atherosclerotic lesion formation, reduced necrotic core area, increased plaque fibrous cap thickness, decreased macrophages content and inflammation. In addition, histological staining showed that JAML deficiency promoted plaques to stable phenotype. In vitro, JAML siRNA treatment lowered the expression of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages treated with oxLDL. The mechanism by which JAML mediated the inflammatory responses may be related to the ERK/NF-κB activation. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that therapeutic drugs which antagonize the function of JAML may be a potentially effective approach to attenuate atherogenesis and enhance plaque stability.
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20
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Liao W, Fan H, Davidge ST, Wu J. Egg White-Derived Antihypertensive Peptide IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) Reduces Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats via the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas Receptor Axis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900063. [PMID: 30913349 PMCID: PMC6594022 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Scope It is found in the previous study that egg‐white‐derived antihypertensive peptide Ile‐Arg‐Trp (IRW) upregulated angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The objective of this study is to evaluate the contribution of ACE2 activation by IRW to blood‐pressure‐lowering activity in vivo. Methods and results Adult male SHRs (13–15 week old) are assigned into four groups: 1) untreated with saline infusion; 2) IRW administration (15 mg per kg body weight) with saline infusion; 3) Mas receptor (MasR) antagonist A779 (48 µg per kg body weight per h) infusion; 4) A779 infusion and IRW. Animals are implanted with telemetry transmitter first, and then an osmotic pump filled with saline or A779 is implanted. A779/saline is infused for 7 days, continued with an additional 7 days of treatments. Results indicate that blocking MasR abolished the blood‐pressure‐lowering effect of IRW. Akt/eNOS signaling in aorta is upregulated by IRW treatment but deactivated by A779 infusion. Circulating levels of interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, along with cyclooxygenase 2 in aorta are reduced by IRW but restored by A779 infusion. Conclusion IRW reduces blood pressure of SHR via the ACE2/Ang (1‐7)/MasR axis. Mechanisms pertaining to IRW as an ACE2 activator in vivo include enhanced endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation and reduced vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2P5.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2R7
| | - Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2P5.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2R7
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2R7.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2R7.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2R7.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2R7
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2P5.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2R7
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21
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Chen Y, Wang X, Yang C, Su X, Yang W, Dai Y, Han H, Jiang J, Lu L, Wang H, Chen Q, Jin W. Decreased circulating catestatin levels are associated with coronary artery disease: The emerging anti-inflammatory role. Atherosclerosis 2018; 281:78-88. [PMID: 30658195 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The neuropeptide catestatin (CST) is an endogenous nicotinic cholinergic antagonist that acts as pleiotropic cardiac protective hormone. This study investigated the association between CST and coronary artery disease (CAD) and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS The serum concentration of CST among 224 CAD patients and 204 healthy controls was compared, and its association with atherosclerosis severity in 921 CAD patients was further analyzed. Compared to healthy subjects, serum CST concentration was lower in patients with CAD [1.14 (1.05-1.24) ng/mL vs. 2.15 (1.92-2.39) ng/mL, p < 0.001] and was inversely correlated with disease severity (r = -0.208, p < 0.001). In cultured endothelial cells, CST suppressed TNF-α-elicited expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules by activating angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). Administration of CST reduced leukocyte-endothelium interactions in vitro and in vivo, and attenuated the development of atherosclerotic in ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. These protective effects by CST were blocked by an ACE2 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Serum CST concentration is lower in CAD patients and is inversely associated with the severity of atherosclerosis. CST acts as a novel anti-atherogenic peptide that inhibits inflammatory response and EC-leukocyte interactions via an ACE2-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Chendie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Su
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yang Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Qiujing Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
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22
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de Souza-Neto FP, Carvalho Santuchi M, de Morais E Silva M, Campagnole-Santos MJ, da Silva RF. Angiotensin-(1-7) and Alamandine on Experimental Models of Hypertension and Atherosclerosis. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018. [PMID: 29541937 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the role of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] and alamandine in experimental hypertension and atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a very complex system, composed of a cascade of enzymes, peptides, and receptors, known to be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Ang-(1-7), identified and characterized in 1987, and alamandine, discovered 16 years after, are the newest two main effector molecules from the RAS, protecting the vascular system against hypertension and atherosclerosis. While the beneficial effects of Ang-(1-7) have been widely studied in several experimental models of hypertension, much less studies were performed in experimental models of atherosclerosis. Alamandine has shown similar vascular effects to Ang-(1-7), namely, endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation mediated by nitric oxide and hypotensive effects in experimental hypertension. There are few studies on the effects of alamandine on atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pedro de Souza-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos. 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Melissa Carvalho Santuchi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos. 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mario de Morais E Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos. 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria José Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos. 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Fernandes da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos. 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Angiotensin-(1-7)-induced Mas receptor activation attenuates atherosclerosis through a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism in apolipoproteinE-KO mice. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:661-667. [PMID: 29352340 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) ameliorates vascular injury by increasing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Evidence that Ang-(1-7) attenuates the development of atherosclerosis through a NO-dependent mechanism is still missing. Moreover, it has been postulated that Ang-(1-7) may mediate its effects by other mechanisms than Mas receptor activation. To investigate Ang-(1-7)-dependent Mas receptor function, we treated apoE-KO and apoE/Mas-KO mice chronically with Ang-(1-7) (82 μg/kg per hour) or saline for 6 weeks. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), a measure for NO-dependent vasodilation and the most accepted prognostic marker for the development of atherosclerosis, was measured in vivo. Chronic Ang-(1-7) treatment improved FMD and attenuated the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoproteinE (apoE)-KO but not in apoE/Mas-KO mice. These effects were accompanied by increased aortic nitrite and cGMP levels. To test whether Ang-(1-7) modulates atherosclerosis through a NO-dependent mechanism, apoE-KO mice were treated with the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (20 mg/kg/day) in the presence or absence of Ang-(1-7). L-NAME treatment reduced aortic nitrite content and increased blood pressure and exaggerated atherosclerosis compared to untreated apoE-KO mice. In L-NAME-treated apoE-KO mice, chronic Ang-(1-7) treatment did not increase aortic nitrite content and consequently showed no effect on blood pressure and the development of atherosclerosis. The present study proves that Ang-(1-7) mediates its protective vascular effects through Mas receptor activation. Moreover, Ang-(1-7)-mediated NO generation is essential for improving vascular function and prevents atherosclerosis in apoE-KO mice.
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24
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Pan Y, Zhou F, Song Z, Huang H, Chen Y, Shen Y, Jia Y, Chen J. Oleanolic acid protects against pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, possibly via FXR-mediated angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) upregulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:1694-1700. [PMID: 29793333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases in the world, is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the dysfunction of arteries. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a bioactive nature product which exists in various plants and herbs. Previous studies have demonstrated that OA was involved in numerous of biological processes, including atherosclerosis. However, the exact mechanisms of the anti-atherosclerosis effects of OA remain unknown. Here, in our study, we analyzed the effects and possible underlying mechanisms of OA in atherosclerosis depending a cell model and an animal model of atherosclerosis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL, 100 μg/mL) for 24 h to establish an atherosclerotic cell model. New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits were fed with high-fat (HF) diets for three months to establish an atherosclerotic animal model. Then, cell viability and expression of cytokines (ANG, NO, eNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) were measured with CCK-8 assay and ELISA kits, cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry in the atherosclerotic cell model. Results showed that ox-LDL induced effects of anti-proliferation, cytokines alterations, and cell apoptosis were abolished by the application of OA or Ang (1-7). Further study indicated that OA increased the expression of ANG by upregulating the FXR expression in the ox-LDL induced HUVECs arthrosclerosis model. And the in vivo experiment in the HF diet induced animal model suggested that OA may inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. The atherosclerosis of aortas was assessed by Hematoxylin Eosin (HE), Oil Red O and Picrosirius Red staining; the expression levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined by the fully automatic biochemical analyzer, in the atherosclerotic animal model. All the results showed that OA treatment improved the cell viability in the cell model, inhibited the atherosclerosis development in the animal model. OA play as an anti-atherosclerosis agent in both the cell model and animal model by upregulating the production of Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) through FXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhenhua Song
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Huiping Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yonggang Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuhua Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jisheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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25
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Pai WY, Lo WY, Hsu T, Peng CT, Wang HJ. Angiotensin-(1-7) Inhibits Thrombin-Induced Endothelial Phenotypic Changes and Reactive Oxygen Species Production via NADPH Oxidase 5 Downregulation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:994. [PMID: 29375391 PMCID: PMC5770656 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: The angiotensin-(1-7)/angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/Mas receptor axis counter-regulates the detrimental effects of angiotensin II. Beneficial effects of angiotensin-(1-7), including anti-inflammation, oxidative stress reduction, and anti-thrombosis, have been reported. Previous studies documented that ramipril decreased thrombin generation in human hypertension and that the anti-thrombotic effects of captopril and losartan were angiotensin-(1-7)-dependent, suggesting an interaction between thrombin and angiotensin-(1-7). However, it is not clear whether angiotensin-(1-7) can alleviate the endothelial phenotypic changes induced by thrombin. We have previously documented cytoskeleton remodeling, cell adhesion, and cell migration as dominant altered phenotypes in thrombin-stimulated human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). In this study, we investigated whether angiotensin-(1-7) can modulate thrombin-induced phenotypic changes. Furthermore, we investigated whether NAPDH oxidase 5 (Nox5)-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in angiotensin-(1-7)-mediated phenotypic changes. Methods: HAECs were pretreated with 100 nM angiotensin-(1-7) for 1 h, followed by stimulation with 2 units/mL thrombin for different times. Immunofluorescent assay, monocyte adhesion assay, wound-healing assay, ROS assay, real-time PCR, Western blotting, and Nox5 siRNA transfection were conducted. HAECs were pretreated with the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to determine whether thrombin-induced phenotypic changes depended on ROS production. Results: Angiotensin-(1-7) prevented thrombin-induced actin cytoskeleton derangements, monocyte adhesion, and migratory impairment. Nox5 siRNA transfection confirmed that thrombin-induced Nox5 expression stimulated ROS production and increased HO-1/NQO-1/ICAM-1/VCAM-1 gene expression, all of which were decreased by angiotensin-(1-7). Phenotypic changes induced by thrombin were prevented by NAC pretreatment. Conclusion: Angiotensin-(1-7) prevents actin cytoskeleton derangement, monocyte adhesion, and migration impairment induced by thrombin via downregulation of ROS production. In addition, thrombin-induced Nox5 expression is involved in the production of ROS, and angiotensin-(1-7) decreases ROS through its inhibitory effect on Nox5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Pai
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Lo
- Cardiovascular and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Todd Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tien Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Joe Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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26
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Yang G, Chu PL, Rump LC, Le TH, Stegbauer J. ACE2 and the Homolog Collectrin in the Modulation of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress in Blood Pressure Homeostasis and Vascular Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:645-659. [PMID: 27889958 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hypertension is the leading risk factor causing mortality and morbidity worldwide. Angiotensin (Ang) II, the most active metabolite of the renin-angiotensin system, plays an outstanding role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and vascular injury. Activation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has shown to attenuate devastating effects of Ang II in the cardiovascular system by reducing Ang II degradation and increasing Ang-(1-7) generation leading to Mas receptor activation. Recent Advances: Activation of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis reduces hypertension and improves vascular injury mainly through an increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and decreased reactive oxygen species production. Recent studies reported that shedding of the enzymatically active ectodomain of ACE2 from the cell surface seems to regulate its activity and serves as an interorgan communicator in cardiovascular disease. In addition, collectrin, an ACE2 homolog with no catalytic activity, regulates blood pressure through an NO-dependent mechanism. CRITICAL ISSUES Large body of experimental data confirmed sustained beneficial effects of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis activation on hypertension and vascular injury. Experimental studies also suggest that activation of collectrin might be beneficial in hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. Their role in clinical hypertension is unclear as selective and reliable activators of both axes are not yet available. FUTURE DIRECTIONS This review will highlight the results of recent research progress that illustrate the role of both ACE and collectrin in the modulation of NO and oxidative stress in blood pressure homeostasis and vascular injury, providing evidence for the potential therapeutic application of ACE2 and collectrin in hypertension and vascular disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 645-659.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- 1 Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pei-Lun Chu
- 2 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lars C Rump
- 1 Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thu H Le
- 2 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- 1 Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
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27
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Zhang F, Li S, Song J, Liu J, Cui Y, Chen H. Angiotensin-(1-7) regulates angiotensin II-induced matrix metalloproteinase-8 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 2017; 261:90-98. [PMID: 28283184 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a bioactive peptide that is related to cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis, whereas angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) is a counter-regulator of angiotensin II, which protects against cardiovascular disease. Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) is thought to participate in plaque destabilization though degradation of extracellular matrix, improving the development of atherosclerosis. Whether Ang-(1-7) modulates Ang II-induced MMP-8 remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of Ang-(1-7) on Ang II-induced MMP-8 expression in smooth muscle cells. METHODS Smooth muscle cells were treated with Ang II, Ang-(1-7) and their antagonists. In addition, ApoE knockout mice were fed a high fat diet and subcutaneously injected with Ang II, Ang-(1-7), Ang II+Ang-(1-7) (±A779). RESULTS We found that Ang II increased MMP-8 mRNA and protein expression in vascular smooth muscle cells, while Ang-(1-7) alone had no effect. However, Ang-(1-7) inhibited Ang II-induced MMP-8 expression. The inhibitory effect of Ang-(1-7) could be abolished by the competitive antagonist of Ang-(1-7) at the MAS receptor. Furthermore, Ang II induced p38 MAPK activation, and this was inhibited by the treatment of Ang-(1-7). Ang II-induced MMP-8 expression could be attenuated by the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Ang-(1-7) also significantly suppressed Ang II-induced MMP-8 in both atherosclerotic plaques and serum in ApoE-/- mice. The atherosclerotic plaques in mice treated with Ang-(1-7) and Ang II appeared to be more stable with more type I collagen contents than those in mice treated with Ang II. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Ang-(1-7) plays an important role in protecting against atherosclerosis via counter-regulation of Ang II-induced MMP-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sufang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junxian Song
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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28
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Han H, Chen Y, Zhu Z, Su X, Ni J, Du R, Zhang R, Jin W. p-Cresyl sulfate promotes the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and induces plaque instability by targeting vascular smooth muscle cells. Front Med 2016; 10:320-9. [PMID: 27527366 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-016-0463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is a major complication of chronic kidney disease. This condition contributes to the increased mortality in dialysis patients. p-Cresyl sulfate (PCS) is a prototype of protein-bound uremic toxins that cannot be efficiently removed through routine dialysis procedures. In the present study, ApoE(-/-) mice that underwent 5/6 nephrectomy were randomly divided into two groups, namely, vehicle-treated group (n = 20) and PCS-treated group (n = 20). Mice were sacrificed for en face and immunohistological analyses after 8 or 24 weeks of high-fat diet. Rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with phosphate buffer solution or 500 μmol/L PCS for in vitro evaluation. PCS-treated mice were observed to suffer increased atherosclerotic lesions after eight weeks of PCS administration. Moreover, 24 weeks of PCS administration also markedly increased the vulnerability index of aortic plaques. PCS was also observed to facilitate the migration and proliferation of VSMCs during the progression of the disease. Moreover, PCS disturbed the balance between matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases within the plaques. Thus, PCS played a vital role in promoting atherogenesis and disturbing the stability of formed plaques probably by targeting VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yanjia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhengbin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiuxiu Su
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jingwei Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Run Du
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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29
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Li W, Li J, Hao P, Chen W, Meng X, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Yang J. Imbalance between angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) in human coronary atherosclerosis. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 17:17/3/1470320316659618. [PMID: 27432541 PMCID: PMC5843867 DOI: 10.1177/1470320316659618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our previous studies found that angiotensin-(1–7) (Ang-(1–7)) is an endogenous counter-factor of angiotensin II (Ang-II). However, the balance between Ang-II and Ang-(1–7) in the development of human coronary atherosclerosis is not determined. Methods and results: The plasma levels of Ang-II and Ang-(1–7) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 112 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing coronary angiography. Patients were divided into three groups based on the coronary angiography as follows: (1) normal (n = 13); (2) noncritical CAD (<50% stenosis, n = 17); and (3) critical CAD (⩾50% stenosis, n = 82). The plasma levels of Ang-II, Ang-(1–7) and the ratio of Ang-II and Ang-(1–7) (Ang-II/Ang-(1–7) were comparable between the normal and noncritical CAD groups. However, Ang-II, Ang-(1–7), and especially Ang-II/Ang-(1–7), were elevated in patients with critical CAD, compared with patients with normal or noncritical CAD. The level of Ang-II/Ang-(1–7) was positively associated with serious coronary stenosis, and correlated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level. Conclusion: Both Ang-II and Ang-(1–7) expression are significantly increased in patients with critical CAD. However, increased Ang-II/Ang-(1–7) ratios may lead to Ang-II over-activation and aggravate atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, P.R. China Fine Arts School of Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Jifu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Hongxuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, P.R. China
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Ng HY, Bolati W, Lee CT, Chien YS, Yisireyili M, Saito S, Pei SN, Nishijima F, Niwa T. Indoxyl Sulfate Downregulates Mas Receptor via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor/Nuclear Factor-kappa B, and Induces Cell Proliferation and Tissue Factor Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Nephron Clin Pract 2016; 133:205-12. [PMID: 27352232 DOI: 10.1159/000447096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Angiotensin converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase 2/angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis is protective in the development of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. This study is aimed at investigating whether indoxyl sulfate (IS) affects Mas receptor expression, cell proliferation and tissue factor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells, and if Ang-(1-7), an activator of Mas receptor, counteracts the IS-induced effects. METHODS IS was administered to normotensive and hypertensive rats. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were cultured with IS. RESULTS IS reduced the expression of Mas receptor in the aorta of normotensive and hypertensive rats. IS downregulated the Mas receptor expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner in HASMCs. Knockdown of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-x03BA;B) inhibited IS-induced downregulation of Mas receptor. Further, IS stimulated cell proliferation and tissue factor expression in HASMCs. Ang-(1-7) attenuated IS-induced cell proliferation and tissue factor expression in HASMCs. Ang-(1-7) suppressed phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and NF-x03BA;B in HASMCs. CONCLUSION IS downregulated the expression of Mas receptor via AhR/NF-x03BA;B, and induced cell proliferation and tissue factor expression in HASMCs. Ang-(1-7) inhibited IS-induced cell proliferation and tissue factor expression by suppressing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and NF-x03BA;B p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee-Yeong Ng
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Uremia, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is recognized as a new bioactive peptide in renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Ang-(1-7) is a counter-regulatory mediator of Ang-II which appears to be protective against cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have found that Ang-(1-7) played an important role in reducing smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, improving endothelial function and regulating lipid metabolism, leading to inhibition of atherosclerotic lesions and increase of plaque stability. Although clinical application of Ang-(1-7) is restricted due to its pharmacokinetic properties, identification of stabilized compounds, including more stable analogues and specific delivery compounds, has enabled clinical application of Ang-(1-7). In this review, we discussed recent findings concerning the biological role of Ang-(1-7) and related mechanism during atherosclerosis development. In addition, we highlighted the perspective to develop therapeutic strategies using Ang-(1-7) to treat atherosclerosis.
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Hartwig H, Silvestre-Roig C, Hendrikse J, Beckers L, Paulin N, Van der Heiden K, Braster Q, Drechsler M, Daemen MJ, Lutgens E, Soehnlein O. Atherosclerotic Plaque Destabilization in Mice: A Comparative Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141019. [PMID: 26492161 PMCID: PMC4619621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-associated diseases are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in western societies. The progression of atherosclerosis is a dynamic process evolving from early to advanced lesions that may become rupture-prone vulnerable plaques. Acute coronary syndromes are the clinical manifestation of life-threatening thrombotic events associated with high-risk vulnerable plaques. Hyperlipidemic mouse models have been extensively used in studying the mechanisms controlling initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. However, the understanding of mechanisms leading to atherosclerotic plaque destabilization has been hampered by the lack of proper animal models mimicking this process. Although various mouse models generate atherosclerotic plaques with histological features of human advanced lesions, a consensus model to study atherosclerotic plaque destabilization is still lacking. Hence, we studied the degree and features of plaque vulnerability in different mouse models of atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and find that the model based on the placement of a shear stress modifier in combination with hypercholesterolemia represent with high incidence the most human like lesions compared to the other models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Hartwig
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Silvestre-Roig
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Hendrikse
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Paulin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kim Van der Heiden
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quinte Braster
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maik Drechsler
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mat J. Daemen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Bihl JC, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Xiao X, Ma X, Chen Y, Chen S, Zhao B, Chen Y. Angiotensin-(1-7) counteracts the effects of Ang II on vascular smooth muscle cells, vascular remodeling and hemorrhagic stroke: Role of the NFкB inflammatory pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 73:115-123. [PMID: 26264508 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is a potential vasoprotective peptide. In the present study, we investigated its counteractive effects to Ang II on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (ICH) through inflammatory mechanism. In in vitro experiments, human brain VSMCs (HBVSMCs) were treated with vehicle, Ang II, Ang II+Ang-(1-7), Ang II+A-779 or Ang II+Ang-(1-7)+A-779 (Mas receptor antagonist). HBVSMC proliferation, migration and apoptosis were determined by methyl thiazolyltetrazolium, wound healing assay and flow cytometry, respectively. In in vivo experiments, C57BL/6 mice were divided into vehicle, Ang II, Ang II+Ang-(1-7), Ang II+A-779 or Ang II+Ang-(1-7)+A-779 groups before they were subjected to collagenase-induced ICH or sham surgery. Hemorrhage volume and middle cerebral artery (MCA) remodeling were determined by histological analyses. Levels of NFκB, inhibitor of κBα (IκBα), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin (IL-8) were measured by western blot or ELISA. We found that 1) Ang II increased HBVSMC migration, proliferation and apoptosis, and increased the blood pressure (BP), neurological deficit score, MCA remodeling and hemorrhage volume in ICH mice. 2) Ang-(1-7) counteracted these effects of Ang II, which was independent of BP, with the down-regulation of NFκB, up-regulation of IκBα, and decreased levels of TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-8. 3) The beneficial effects of Ang-(1-7) could be abolished by A-779. In conclusion, Ang-(1-7) counteracts the effects of Ang II on ICH via modulating NFκB inflammation pathway in HBVSMCs and cerebral microvessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji C Bihl
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Yuhui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Xiaotang Ma
- Clinical Research Center and Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Yusen Chen
- Clinical Research Center and Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Clinical Research Center and Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.,Clinical Research Center and Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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Kong J, Zhang K, Meng X, Zhang Y, Zhang C. Dose-Dependent Bidirectional Effect of Angiotensin IV on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm via Variable Angiotensin Receptor Stimulation. Hypertension 2015; 66:617-26. [PMID: 26238445 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin IV (Ang IV), as an effector peptide of the rennin-angiotensin system, possesses many biological properties yet not completely known. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of Ang IV in the development of Ang II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. We used Ang II infusion to induce AAA, and animals were treated with Ang II (1.44 mg/kg per day) plus no treatment, Ang II (1.44 mg/kg per day) plus low-, medium-, and high-dose Ang IV (0.72, 1.44, and 2.88 mg/kg per day, respectively). The incidence of AAA was 87.5%, 66.7%, 37.5%, and 83.3% in the no treatment, the low-, medium-, or high-dose Ang IV group, respectively. Compared with the no treatment group, medium-dose Ang IV treatment markedly reduced macrophage infiltration; levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin 6, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1; the expression and activity of metalloproteinases 2 and 9; but increased smooth muscle cells, and collagen content in AAA. However, high-dose Ang IV treatment did not have obvious protective effect. The beneficial effect of medium-dose Ang IV may be contributed to the stimulation of type 4 angiotensin receptor (AT4R) and AT2R with suppression of AT1R, activation of Akt, and inhibition of nuclear factor-κB, as these beneficial effects were largely reversed by cotreatment with the AT4R antagonist divalinal-Ang IV in Ang II-infused mice or with the Akt inhibitor A6730 in Ang II-stimulated human smooth muscle cells. Therefore, medium dose of Ang IV may provide a novel and promising approach to the treatment of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kong
- From the The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- From the The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- From the The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- From the The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- From the The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Shimada K, Furukawa H, Wada K, Wei Y, Tada Y, Kuwabara A, Shikata F, Kanematsu Y, Lawton MT, Kitazato KT, Nagahiro S, Hashimoto T. Angiotensin-(1-7) protects against the development of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1163-8. [PMID: 25757758 PMCID: PMC4640268 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) can regulate vascular inflammation and remodeling, which are processes that have important roles in the pathophysiology of intracranial aneurysms. In this study, we assessed the effects of Ang-(1-7) in the development of intracranial aneurysm rupture using a mouse model of intracranial aneurysms in which aneurysmal rupture (i.e., aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage) occurs spontaneously and causes neurologic symptoms. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) (0.5 mg/kg/day), Mas receptor antagonist (A779 0.5 mg/kg/day or 2.5 mg/kg/day), or angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) antagonist (PD 123319, 10 mg/kg/day) was started 6 days after aneurysm induction and continued for 2 weeks. Angiotensin-(1-7) significantly reduced the rupture rate of intracranial aneurysms without affecting the overall incidence of aneurysms. The protective effect of Ang-(1-7) was blocked by the AT2R antagonist, but not by the Mas receptor antagonist. In AT2R knockout mice, the protective effect of Ang-(1-7) was absent. While AT2R mRNA was abundantly expressed in the cerebral arteries and aneurysms, Mas receptor mRNA expression was very scarce in these tissues. Angiotensin-(1-7) reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in cerebral arteries. These findings indicate that Ang-(1-7) can protect against the development of aneurysmal rupture in an AT2R-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Shimada
- 1] Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA [2] Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima City, Japan
| | - Hajime Furukawa
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kosuke Wada
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yoshiteru Tada
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima City, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuwabara
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fumiaki Shikata
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yasuhisa Kanematsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima City, Japan
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Keiko T Kitazato
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima City, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagahiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima City, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Endogenous activated angiotensin-(1-7) plays a protective effect against atherosclerotic plaques unstability in high fat diet fed ApoE knockout mice. Int J Cardiol 2015; 184:645-652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Traditional Chinese medication Tongxinluo inhibits inflammatory angiogenesis via Bmx/NF- B/MAPK pathways. Eur Heart J Suppl 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suv020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Klimas J, Olvedy M, Ochodnicka-Mackovicova K, Kruzliak P, Cacanyiova S, Kristek F, Krenek P, Ochodnicky P. Perinatally administered losartan augments renal ACE2 expression but not cardiac or renal Mas receptor in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1965-74. [PMID: 25766467 PMCID: PMC4549047 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the identification of the alternative angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a new complex target for a pharmacological intervention. We investigated the expression of RAS components in the heart and kidney during the development of hypertension and its perinatal treatment with losartan in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Expressions of RAS genes were studied by the RT-PCR in the left ventricle and kidney of rats: normotensive Wistar, untreated SHR, SHR treated with losartan since perinatal period until week 9 of age (20 mg/kg/day) and SHR treated with losartan only until week 4 of age and discontinued until week 9. In the hypertrophied left ventricle of SHR, cardiac expressions of Ace and Mas were decreased while those of AT1 receptor (Agtr1a) and Ace2 were unchanged. Continuous losartan administration reduced LV weight (0.43 ± 0.02; P < 0.05 versus SHR) but did not influence altered cardiac RAS expression. Increased blood pressure in SHR (149 ± 2 in SHR versus 109 ± 2 mmHg in Wistar; P < 0.05) was associated with a lower renal expressions of renin, Agtr1a and Mas and with an increase in ACE2. Continuous losartan administration lowered blood pressure to control levels (105 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.05 versus SHR), however, only renal renin and ACE2 were significantly up-regulated (for both P < 0.05 versus SHR). Conclusively, prevention of hypertension and LV hypertrophy development by losartan was unrelated to cardiac or renal expression of Mas. Increased renal Ace2, and its further increase by losartan suggests the influence of locally generated Ang-(1-7) in organ response to the developing hypertension in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Klimas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michael Olvedy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Cacanyiova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frantisek Kristek
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Krenek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Ochodnicky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Comparison of angiotensin-(1-7), losartan and their combination on atherosclerotic plaque formation in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:544-9. [PMID: 25957120 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inhibition of the classical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been proved to reduce atherosclerosis. Recently, angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], a new component of RAS, has been shown to attenuate atherosclerosis formation. However, direct comparison of Ang-(1-7) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) on atherogenesis is sparse. Here, we investigated whether large dose of Ang-(1-7) and losartan are equivalent or the combination of both is superior in reducing atherosclerotic plaque formation. METHODS AND RESULTS In vivo, we established an atherosclerosis model in ApoE-/- mice. All mice were fed a high fat diet during experiments. Mice were divided into control, Ang-(1-7), losartan, Ang-(1-7)+losartan groups for 4 weeks treatment. Ang-(1-7) did not change the blood pressure (BP) levels, while losartan produced a significant decrease in systolic BP. The attenuation of Ang-(1-7) and losartan in atherosclerosis plaque formation was similar. However, the decrease of atherosclerosis in mice with combination of Ang-(1-7) and losartan was more remarkable relative to that of Ang-(1-7) or losartan alone. The decreases of macrophages infiltration, superoxide production and improvement of endothelium function in aortic lesions were more significant in combination group. In vitro study, we found that combination of Ang-(1-7) and losartan notably inhibited VSMCs proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS The anti-atherosclerosis effects of Ang-(1-7) and losartan in early lesion formation were equivalent. Combination use of both agents further enhanced the beneficial effects. Ang-(1-7) might add additional beneficial effect for patients with adequate ARB treatment.
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Zhang Y, Dong H, Xu Y, Shi R, Gu J, Lang H, Gao J, Zhang WW. External ultrasound for carotid atherosclerotic plaque treatment. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2015; 34:451-459. [PMID: 25715366 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.34.3.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of external ultrasound in the treatment of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS In the prospective study, 357 patients with 363 carotid atherosclerotic plaques were divided into an ultrasound treatment group and a control group. For 30 days, conventional medical treatment was conducted on 54 plaques in the control group, whereas irradiation therapy in addition to conventional medical treatment was conducted on 309 plaques in the ultrasound group. Carotid sonography was conducted before and after treatment, and the maximum plaque thickness and area were measured in a longitudinal section. RESULTS No patients withdrew from the treatment because of related side effects. After treatment, the maximum thickness and area of 79.94% of the plaques in the ultrasound group were reduced, whereas in the control group, the thickness and area of 18.52% were reduced. The mean changes in plaque thickness and area ± SD in the ultrasound and control groups were 0.22 ± 0.19 mm (7.61% ± 5.67%) versus 0.02 ± 0.05 mm (0.74% ± 1.64%) and 0.047 ± 0.039 cm(2) (13.28% ± 9.8%) versus 0.0044 ± 0.0102 cm(2) (1.1% ± 2.46%), respectively. Changes in both plaque thickness and area in the ultrasound group were significantly greater than those in the control group (P< .0001). Furthermore, the plaque echo type was another prognostic factor affecting efficacy (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS External ultrasound treatment is safe and effective for carotid atherosclerotic plaques and is worthy of further research and applications. The efficacy in anechoic/hypoechoic plaques is significantly higher than that in mixed echoic and calcified echoic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Departments of Ultrasound (Y.Z.), Neurology (Y.X.), and Radiology (J.Gao), First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China (H.D.); Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (R.S.); Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (J.Gu, H.L.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (W.W.Z.)
| | - Honglin Dong
- Departments of Ultrasound (Y.Z.), Neurology (Y.X.), and Radiology (J.Gao), First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China (H.D.); Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (R.S.); Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (J.Gu, H.L.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (W.W.Z.)
| | - Yuming Xu
- Departments of Ultrasound (Y.Z.), Neurology (Y.X.), and Radiology (J.Gao), First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China (H.D.); Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (R.S.); Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (J.Gu, H.L.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (W.W.Z.)
| | - Runhua Shi
- Departments of Ultrasound (Y.Z.), Neurology (Y.X.), and Radiology (J.Gao), First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China (H.D.); Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (R.S.); Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (J.Gu, H.L.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (W.W.Z.)
| | - Jingming Gu
- Departments of Ultrasound (Y.Z.), Neurology (Y.X.), and Radiology (J.Gao), First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China (H.D.); Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (R.S.); Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (J.Gu, H.L.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (W.W.Z.)
| | - Hongzhi Lang
- Departments of Ultrasound (Y.Z.), Neurology (Y.X.), and Radiology (J.Gao), First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China (H.D.); Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (R.S.); Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (J.Gu, H.L.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (W.W.Z.)
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Departments of Ultrasound (Y.Z.), Neurology (Y.X.), and Radiology (J.Gao), First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China (H.D.); Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (R.S.); Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (J.Gu, H.L.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (W.W.Z.).
| | - Wayne W Zhang
- Departments of Ultrasound (Y.Z.), Neurology (Y.X.), and Radiology (J.Gao), First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China (H.D.); Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (R.S.); Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China (J.Gu, H.L.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Louisiana USA (W.W.Z.)
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da Silva AR, Fraga-Silva RA, Stergiopulos N, Montecucco F, Mach F. Update on the role of angiotensin in the pathophysiology of coronary atherothrombosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:274-87. [PMID: 25586671 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary atherothrombosis due to atherosclerotic plaque rupture or erosion is frequently associated with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Significant efforts have been made to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying acute coronary events. MATERIALS AND METHODS This narrative review is based on the material searched for and obtained via PubMed up to August 2014. The search terms we used were as follows: 'angiotensin, acute coronary syndromes, acute myocardial infarction' in combination with 'atherosclerosis, vulnerability, clinical trial, ACE inhibitors, inflammation'. RESULTS Among several regulatory components, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was shown as a key pathway modulating coronary atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. Indeed, these molecules are involved in all stages of atherogenesis. Classically, the RAS is composed by a series of enzymatic reactions leading to the angiotensin (Ang) II generation and activity. However, the knowledge of RAS has expanded and become more complex. The discovery of novel components and their functions has revealed additional pathways that contribute to or counterbalance the actions of Ang II. In this review, we discussed on recent findings concerning the role of different angiotensin peptides in the pathophysiology of ACS and coronary atherothrombosis, exploring the link between these molecules and atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS Treatments selectively targeting angiotensins (including Mas and AT2 agonists, ACE2 recombinant, or Ang-(1-7) and almandine in oral formulations) have been tested in animal studies or in small human subgroups, expanding the perspective in the ACS prevention. These novel strategies, especially in the counter-regulatory axis ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas, might be promising to reduce plaque vulnerability and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analina R da Silva
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Jiang F, Yang J, Zhang Y, Dong M, Wang S, Zhang Q, Liu FF, Zhang K, Zhang C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin 1-7: novel therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Cardiol 2014; 11:413-26. [PMID: 24776703 PMCID: PMC7097196 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2014.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 and its product angiotensin 1–7 are thought to have effects that counteract the adverse actions of other, better-known renin–angiotensin system (RAS) components Numerous experimental studies have suggested that ACE2 and angiotensin 1–7 have notable protective effects in the heart and blood vessels ACE2-mediated catabolism of angiotensin II is likely to have a major role in cardiovascular protection, whereas the functional importance and signalling mechanisms of angiotensin-1–7-induced actions remain unclear New pharmacological interventions targeting ACE2 are expected to be useful in clinical treatment of cardiovascular disease, especially those associated with overactivation of the conventional RAS More studies, especially randomized controlled clinical trials, are needed to clearly delineate the benefits of therapies targeting angiotensin 1–7 actions
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and its product angiotensin 1–7, are thought to have counteracting effects against the adverse actions of the better-known members of the renin–angiotensin system and might, therefore, be useful therapeutic targets in patients with cardiovascular disease. Professor Jiang and colleagues review the evidence for the potential roles of these proteins in various cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial remodelling, heart failure, ischaemic stroke, and diabetes. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has pivotal roles in the regulation of normal physiology and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, and its product angiotensin 1–7, are thought to have counteracting effects against the adverse actions of other, better known and understood, members of the RAS. The physiological and pathological importance of ACE2 and angiotensin 1–7 in the cardiovascular system are not completely understood, but numerous experimental studies have indicated that these components have protective effects in the heart and blood vessels. Here, we provide an overview on the basic properties of ACE2 and angiotensin 1–7 and a summary of the evidence from experimental and clinical studies of various pathological conditions, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial remodelling, heart failure, ischaemic stroke, and diabetes mellitus. ACE2-mediated catabolism of angiotensin II is likely to have a major role in cardiovascular protection, whereas the relevant functions and signalling mechanisms of actions induced by angiotensin 1–7 have not been conclusively determined. The ACE2–angiotensin 1–7 pathway, however, might provide a useful therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, especially in patients with overactive RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuangxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qunye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fang Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin-(1-9): function in cardiac and vascular remodelling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 126:815-27. [PMID: 24593683 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The RAS (renin-angiotensin system) is integral to cardiovascular physiology; however, dysregulation of this system largely contributes to the pathophysiology of CVD (cardiovascular disease). It is well established that AngII (angiotensin II), the main effector of the RAS, engages the AT1R (angiotensin type 1 receptor) and promotes cell growth, proliferation, migration and oxidative stress, all processes which contribute to remodelling of the heart and vasculature, ultimately leading to the development and progression of various CVDs, including heart failure and atherosclerosis. The counter-regulatory axis of the RAS, which is centred on the actions of ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) and the resultant production of Ang-(1-7) [angiotensin-(1-7)] from AngII, antagonizes the actions of AngII via the receptor Mas, thereby providing a protective role in CVD. More recently, another ACE2 metabolite, Ang-(1-9) [angiotensin-(1-9)], has been reported to be a biologically active peptide within the counter-regulatory axis of the RAS. The present review will discuss the role of the counter-regulatory RAS peptides Ang-(1-7) and Ang-(1-9) in the cardiovascular system, with a focus on their effects in remodelling of the heart and vasculature.
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Ohshima K, Mogi M, Nakaoka H, Iwanami J, Min LJ, Kanno H, Tsukuda K, Chisaka T, Bai HY, Wang XL, Ogimoto A, Higaki J, Horiuchi M. Possible Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Activation of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor by Angiotensin-(1–7) in Improvement of Vascular Remodeling by Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockade. Hypertension 2014; 63:e53-9. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cross talk between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin II (Ang II)/Ang II type 1 (AT
1
) receptor axis and the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas axis plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular remodeling. Furthermore, possible stimulation of the Ang II type 2 (AT
2
) receptor by Ang-(1–7) has been highlighted as a new pathway. Therefore, we examined the possibility of whether the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas axis and Ang-(1–7)/AT
2
receptor axis are involved in the inhibitory effects of AT
1
receptor blockers on vascular remodeling. Wild-type, Mas-knockout, and AT
2
receptor knockout mice were used in this study. Vascular injury was induced by polyethylene-cuff placement around the mouse femoral artery. Some mice were treated with azilsartan, an AT
1
receptor blocker, or Ang-(1–7). Neointimal formation 2 weeks after cuff placement was more marked in Mas-knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. Treatment with azilsartan or Ang-(1–7) attenuated neointimal area, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, increases in the mRNA levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β, and superoxide anion production in the injured artery; however, these inhibitory effects of azilsartan and Ang-(1–7) were less marked in Mas-knockout mice. Administration of azilsartan or Ang-(1–7) attenuated the decrease in ACE2 mRNA and increased AT
2
receptor mRNA but did not affect AT
1
receptor mRNA or the decrease in Mas mRNA. The inhibitory effect of Ang-(1–7) on neointimal formation was less marked in AT
2
receptor knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. These results suggest that blockade of the AT
1
receptor by azilsartan could enhance the activities of the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas axis and ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/AT
2
receptor axis, thereby inhibiting neointimal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousei Ohshima
- From the Departments of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology (K.O., M.M., H.N., J.I., L.-J.M., H.K., K.T., H.-Y.B., X.-L.W., M.H.), Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology (K.O., A.O., J.H.), and Pediatrics (T.C.), Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- From the Departments of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology (K.O., M.M., H.N., J.I., L.-J.M., H.K., K.T., H.-Y.B., X.-L.W., M.H.), Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology (K.O., A.O., J.H.), and Pediatrics (T.C.), Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nakaoka
- From the Departments of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology (K.O., M.M., H.N., J.I., L.-J.M., H.K., K.T., H.-Y.B., X.-L.W., M.H.), Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology (K.O., A.O., J.H.), and Pediatrics (T.C.), Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun Iwanami
- From the Departments of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology (K.O., M.M., H.N., J.I., L.-J.M., H.K., K.T., H.-Y.B., X.-L.W., M.H.), Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology (K.O., A.O., J.H.), and Pediatrics (T.C.), Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Li-Juan Min
- From the Departments of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology (K.O., M.M., H.N., J.I., L.-J.M., H.K., K.T., H.-Y.B., X.-L.W., M.H.), Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology (K.O., A.O., J.H.), and Pediatrics (T.C.), Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Harumi Kanno
- From the Departments of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology (K.O., M.M., H.N., J.I., L.-J.M., H.K., K.T., H.-Y.B., X.-L.W., M.H.), Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology (K.O., A.O., J.H.), and Pediatrics (T.C.), Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kana Tsukuda
- From the Departments of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology (K.O., M.M., H.N., J.I., L.-J.M., H.K., K.T., H.-Y.B., X.-L.W., M.H.), Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology (K.O., A.O., J.H.), and Pediatrics (T.C.), Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Chisaka
- From the Departments of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology (K.O., M.M., H.N., J.I., L.-J.M., H.K., K.T., H.-Y.B., X.-L.W., M.H.), Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology (K.O., A.O., J.H.), and Pediatrics (T.C.), Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hui-Yu Bai
- From the Departments of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology (K.O., M.M., H.N., J.I., L.-J.M., H.K., K.T., H.-Y.B., X.-L.W., M.H.), Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology (K.O., A.O., J.H.), and Pediatrics (T.C.), Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- From the Departments of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology (K.O., M.M., H.N., J.I., L.-J.M., H.K., K.T., H.-Y.B., X.-L.W., M.H.), Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology (K.O., A.O., J.H.), and Pediatrics (T.C.), Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Ogimoto
- From the Departments of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology (K.O., M.M., H.N., J.I., L.-J.M., H.K., K.T., H.-Y.B., X.-L.W., M.H.), Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology (K.O., A.O., J.H.), and Pediatrics (T.C.), Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jitsuo Higaki
- From the Departments of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology (K.O., M.M., H.N., J.I., L.-J.M., H.K., K.T., H.-Y.B., X.-L.W., M.H.), Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology (K.O., A.O., J.H.), and Pediatrics (T.C.), Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Horiuchi
- From the Departments of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology (K.O., M.M., H.N., J.I., L.-J.M., H.K., K.T., H.-Y.B., X.-L.W., M.H.), Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology (K.O., A.O., J.H.), and Pediatrics (T.C.), Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
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Potthoff SA, Fähling M, Clasen T, Mende S, Ishak B, Suvorava T, Stamer S, Thieme M, Sivritas SH, Kojda G, Patzak A, Rump LC, Stegbauer J. Angiotensin-(1–7) Modulates Renal Vascular Resistance Through Inhibition of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice. Hypertension 2014; 63:265-72. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E–deficient (apoE(−/−)) mice fed on Western diet are characterized by increased vascular resistance and atherosclerosis. Previously, we have shown that chronic angiotensin (Ang)-(1–7) treatment ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in apoE(−/−) mice. However, the mechanism of Ang-(1–7) on vasoconstrictor response to Ang II is unknown. To examine Ang-(1–7) function, we used apoE(−/−) and wild-type mice fed on Western diet that were treated via osmotic minipumps either with Ang-(1–7) (82 μg/kg per hour) or saline for 6 weeks. We show that Ang II–induced renal pressor response was significantly increased in apoE(−/−) compared with wild-type mice. This apoE(−/−)-specific response is attributed to reactive oxygen species–mediated p38 mitogen–activated protein kinase activation and subsequent phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC
20
), causing renal vasoconstriction. Here, we provide evidence that chronic Ang-(1–7) treatment attenuated the renal pressor response to Ang II in apoE(−/−) mice to wild-type levels. Ang-(1–7) treatment significantly decreased renal inducible nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate subunit p47phox levels and, thus, reactive oxygen species production that in turn causes decreased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. The latter has been confirmed by administration of a specific p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 (5 μmol/L), causing a reduced renal pressor response to Ang II in apoE(−/−) but not in apoE(−/−) mice treated with Ang-(1–7). Moreover, Ang-(1–7) treatment had no effect in Mas(−/−)/apoE(−/−) double-knockout mice confirming the specificity of Ang-(1–7) action through the Mas-receptor. In summary, Ang-(1–7) modulates vascular function via Mas-receptor activation that attenuates pressor response to Ang II in apoE(−/−) mice by reducing reactive oxygen species–mediated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Potthoff
- From the Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (S.A.P., T.C., S.M., B.I., S.S., M.T., S.H.S., L.C.R., J.S.); Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.F., A.P.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany (T.S., G.K.)
| | - Michael Fähling
- From the Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (S.A.P., T.C., S.M., B.I., S.S., M.T., S.H.S., L.C.R., J.S.); Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.F., A.P.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany (T.S., G.K.)
| | - Tilman Clasen
- From the Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (S.A.P., T.C., S.M., B.I., S.S., M.T., S.H.S., L.C.R., J.S.); Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.F., A.P.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany (T.S., G.K.)
| | - Susanne Mende
- From the Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (S.A.P., T.C., S.M., B.I., S.S., M.T., S.H.S., L.C.R., J.S.); Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.F., A.P.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany (T.S., G.K.)
| | - Bassam Ishak
- From the Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (S.A.P., T.C., S.M., B.I., S.S., M.T., S.H.S., L.C.R., J.S.); Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.F., A.P.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany (T.S., G.K.)
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- From the Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (S.A.P., T.C., S.M., B.I., S.S., M.T., S.H.S., L.C.R., J.S.); Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.F., A.P.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany (T.S., G.K.)
| | - Stefanie Stamer
- From the Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (S.A.P., T.C., S.M., B.I., S.S., M.T., S.H.S., L.C.R., J.S.); Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.F., A.P.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany (T.S., G.K.)
| | - Manuel Thieme
- From the Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (S.A.P., T.C., S.M., B.I., S.S., M.T., S.H.S., L.C.R., J.S.); Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.F., A.P.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany (T.S., G.K.)
| | - Sema H. Sivritas
- From the Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (S.A.P., T.C., S.M., B.I., S.S., M.T., S.H.S., L.C.R., J.S.); Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.F., A.P.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany (T.S., G.K.)
| | - Georg Kojda
- From the Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (S.A.P., T.C., S.M., B.I., S.S., M.T., S.H.S., L.C.R., J.S.); Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.F., A.P.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany (T.S., G.K.)
| | - Andreas Patzak
- From the Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (S.A.P., T.C., S.M., B.I., S.S., M.T., S.H.S., L.C.R., J.S.); Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.F., A.P.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany (T.S., G.K.)
| | - Lars C. Rump
- From the Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (S.A.P., T.C., S.M., B.I., S.S., M.T., S.H.S., L.C.R., J.S.); Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.F., A.P.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany (T.S., G.K.)
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- From the Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (S.A.P., T.C., S.M., B.I., S.S., M.T., S.H.S., L.C.R., J.S.); Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M.F., A.P.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany (T.S., G.K.)
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YANG HUIYU, BIAN YUNFEI, XIAO CHUANSHI, LIANG BIN, ZHANG NANA, GAO FEN, YANG ZHIMING. Angiotensin-(1-7) stimulates cholesterol efflux from angiotensin II-treated cholesterol-loaded THP-1 macrophages through the suppression of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling. Mol Med Rep 2012; 12:1387-92. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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