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Shi C, Wen Z, Yang Y, Shi L, Liu D. NAD+ metabolism and therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular diseases. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2024; 57:1-12. [PMID: 38974325 PMCID: PMC11223091 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central and pleiotropic metabolite involved in cellular energy metabolism, cell signaling, DNA repair, and protein modifications. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolic stress and aging directly affect the cardiovascular system. Compelling data suggest that NAD + levels decrease with age, obesity, and hypertension, which are all notable risk factors for CVD. In addition, the therapeutic elevation of NAD + levels reduces chronic low-grade inflammation, reactivates autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhances oxidative metabolism in vascular cells of humans and rodents with vascular disorders. In preclinical models, NAD + boosting can also expand the health span, prevent metabolic syndrome, and decrease blood pressure. Moreover, NAD + storage by genetic, pharmacological, or natural dietary NAD + -increasing strategies has recently been shown to be effective in improving the pathophysiology of cardiac and vascular health in different animal models, and human health. Here, we review and discuss NAD + -related mechanisms pivotal for vascular health and summarize recent experimental evidence in NAD + research directly related to vascular disease, including atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. Finally, we comparatively assess distinct NAD + precursors for their clinical efficacy and the efficiency of NAD + elevation in the treatment of major CVD. These findings may provide ideas for new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat CVD in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxu Shi
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhaozhi Wen
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yihang Yang
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Linsheng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Müller A, Bradaric C, Kafka A, Joner M, Cassese S, Xhepa E, Kufner S, Kastrati A, Laugwitz KL, Ibrahim T, Koppara T. Prevalence and patterns of in-stent neoatherosclerosis in lower extremity artery disease. EUROINTERVENTION 2023; 18:1462-1470. [PMID: 36714952 PMCID: PMC10111128 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-22-00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In-stent restenosis (ISR) is responsible for a rapid decline of vessel patency after stenting. To date, little is known about the role of in-stent neoatherosclerosis (NA) in stent failure in lower limb arteries. AIMS This study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of in-stent NA in patients with symptomatic ISR of the lower extremity vasculature using intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. METHODS Patients underwent endovascular revascularisation for ISR including angiography and OCT imaging. NA was defined as the presence of at least 1 fibroatheroma or fibrocalcific plaque within the neointima of a stented segment. RESULTS Using OCT, we imaged 24 symptomatic patients with lower extremity artery disease (LEAD), with a total of 30 ISR in the lower limbs, prior to their scheduled endovascular interventions. NA formation was observed in 23 (76.7%) lesions, while all stents with an implant duration >5 years (n=8) showed signs of NA. The time from stent implantation to OCT was significantly increased in lesions with NA (p=0.002). Lesions without NA had a significantly shorter duration from index procedure to OCT than those with ≥50 percent (n=9; p=0.003) or <50 percent (n=14; p=0.015) of frames exhibiting signs of NA. NA was predominantly characterised by fibroatheroma with thick fibrous caps with or without calcification. CONCLUSIONS In-stent NA is frequently identified by OCT imaging after endovascular therapy in lower limb arteries; this increased both in frequency and extent the longer the duration since implantation. Our findings indicate an active atherosclerotic process that may need tailored mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Müller
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Bradaric
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andre Kafka
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Joner
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Abteilung für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Salvatore Cassese
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Abteilung für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Erion Xhepa
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Abteilung für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kufner
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Abteilung für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Adnan Kastrati
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Abteilung für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Tareq Ibrahim
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Koppara
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Xue X, Li F, Xu M, Chen B, Zhao Y, Wang M, Li L. Gastrodin ameliorates atherosclerosis by inhibiting foam cells formation and inflammation through down-regulating NF-κB pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:9. [PMID: 36759876 PMCID: PMC9912514 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrodin is an effective polyphenol extracted from Chinese natural herbal Gastrodiae elata Blume, which exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It has been reported to benefit neurodegenerative diseases, but the effect of Gastrodin on atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of this study is to investigate the function and mechanism of Gastrodin in atherosclerosis. METHODS Atherosclerosis mouse model was established by fed low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice with a high fat diet (HFD, 20% fat and 0.5 cholesterol) for 8 weeks and Gastrodin was administered daily via oral gavage. Plasma lipid levels were measured using commercial kits. En face and aortic sinus lipid accumulation were analyzed with Oil Red O staining. In vitro cell models using foam cell formation model and classical atherosclerosis inflammation model, macrophages were incubated with oxygenized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of different concentration of Gastrodin or vehicle solution. Foam cell formation and cellular lipid content were evaluated by Oil Red O staining and intracellular lipids extraction analysis. Gene expression and proteins related to cholesterol influx and efflux were examined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting analysis. Furthermore, the effect of Gastrodin on LPS induced macrophage inflammatory responses and NF-κB pathway were evaluated by RT-qPCR and western blotting analysis. RESULTS Gastrodin administration reduced the body weight, plasma lipid levels in Ldlr-/- mice after fed a high fat diet. Oil Red O staining showed Gastrodin-treated mice displayed less atherosclerosis lesion area. Furthermore, Gastrodin treatment significantly ameliorated ox-LDL-induced macrophage-derived foam cells formation through suppressing genes expression related to cholesterol efflux including scavenger receptor class B and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Moreover, Gastrodin markedly suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and LPS induced inflammatory response in macrophage through downregulating NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that Gastrodin attenuates atherosclerosis by suppressing foam cells formation and LPS-induced inflammatory response and represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Fulei Li
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengke Xu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Bowen Chen
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Wu Y, Jiang D, Zhang H, Yin F, Guo P, Zhang X, Bian C, Chen C, Li S, Yin Y, Böckler D, Zhang J, Han Y. N1-Methyladenosine (m1A) Regulation Associated With the Pathogenesis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Through YTHDF3 Modulating Macrophage Polarization. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:883155. [PMID: 35620523 PMCID: PMC9127271 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.883155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to identify key AAA-related m1A RNA methylation regulators and their association with immune infiltration in AAA. Furthermore, we aimed to explore the mechanism that m1A regulators modulate the functions of certain immune cells as well as the downstream target genes, participating in the progression of AAA. Methods Based on the gene expression profiles of the GSE47472 and GSE98278 datasets, differential expression analysis focusing on m1A regulators was performed on the combined dataset to identify differentially expressed m1A regulatory genes (DEMRGs). Additionally, CIBERSORT tool was utilized in the analysis of the immune infiltration landscape and its correlation with DEMRGs. Moreover, we validated the expression levels of DEMRGs in human AAA tissues by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was also applied in the validation of cellular localization of YTHDF3 in AAA tissues. Furthermore, we established LPS/IFN-γ induced M1 macrophages and ythdf3 knockdown macrophages in vitro, to explore the relationship between YTHDF3 and macrophage polarization. At last, RNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (RIP-Seq) combined with PPI network analysis was used to predict the target genes of YTHDF3 in AAA progression. Results Eight DEMRGs were identified in our study, including YTHDC1, YTHDF1-3, RRP8, TRMT61A as up-regulated genes and FTO, ALKBH1 as down-regulated genes. The immune infiltration analysis showed these DEMRGs were positively correlated with activated mast cells, plasma cells and M1 macrophages in AAA. RT-qPCR analysis also verified the up-regulated expression levels of YTHDC1, YTHDF1, and YTHDF3 in human AAA tissues. Besides, IF staining result in AAA adventitia indicated the localization of YTHDF3 in macrophages. Moreover, our in-vitro experiments found that the knockdown of ythdf3 in M0 macrophages inhibits macrophage M1 polarization but promotes macrophage M2 polarization. Eventually, 30 key AAA-related target genes of YTHDF3 were predicted, including CD44, mTOR, ITGB1, STAT3, etc. Conclusion Our study reveals that m1A regulation is significantly associated with the pathogenesis of human AAA. The m1A “reader,” YTHDF3, may participate in the modulating of macrophage polarization that promotes aortic inflammation, and influence AAA progression by regulating the expression of its target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Wu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Deying Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Fanxing Yin
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Panpan Guo
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Ce Bian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shuixin Li
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yuhan Yin
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Dittmar Böckler
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Zhang
| | - Yanshuo Han
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
- Yanshuo Han ; orcid.org/0000-0002-4897-2998
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Lee-Rueckert M, Lappalainen J, Kovanen PT, Escola-Gil JC. Lipid-Laden Macrophages and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis and Cancer: An Integrative View. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:777822. [PMID: 35237673 PMCID: PMC8882850 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.777822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic arterial plaques and malignant solid tumors contain macrophages, which participate in anaerobic metabolism, acidosis, and inflammatory processes inherent in the development of either disease. The tissue-resident macrophage populations originate from precursor cells derived from the yolk sac and from circulating bone marrow-derived monocytes. In the tissues, they differentiate into varying functional phenotypes in response to local microenvironmental stimulation. Broadly categorized, the macrophages are activated to polarize into proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes; yet, noticeable plasticity allows them to dynamically shift between several distinct functional subtypes. In atherosclerosis, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol accumulates within macrophages as cytoplasmic lipid droplets thereby generating macrophage foam cells, which are involved in all steps of atherosclerosis. The conversion of macrophages into foam cells may suppress the expression of given proinflammatory genes and thereby initiate their transcriptional reprogramming toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. In this particular sense, foam cell formation can be considered anti-atherogenic. The tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) may become polarized into anti-tumoral M1 and pro-tumoral M2 phenotypes. Mechanistically, the TAMs can regulate the survival and proliferation of the surrounding cancer cells and participate in various aspects of tumor formation, progression, and metastasis. The TAMs may accumulate lipids, but their type and their specific roles in tumorigenesis are still poorly understood. Here, we discuss how the phenotypic and functional plasticity of macrophages allows their multifunctional response to the distinct microenvironments in developing atherosclerotic lesions and in developing malignant tumors. We also discuss how the inflammatory reactions of the macrophages may influence the development of atherosclerotic plaques and malignant tumors, and highlight the potential therapeutic effects of targeting lipid-laden macrophages in either disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petri T. Kovanen
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Petri T. Kovanen
| | - Joan Carles Escola-Gil
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain
- Joan Carles Escola-Gil
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6
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Vascular Pathobiology: Atherosclerosis and Large Vessel Disease. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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7
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HDL and Lipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1377:49-61. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-1592-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Rotllan N, Camacho M, Tondo M, Diarte-Añazco EMG, Canyelles M, Méndez-Lara KA, Benitez S, Alonso N, Mauricio D, Escolà-Gil JC, Blanco-Vaca F, Julve J. Therapeutic Potential of Emerging NAD+-Increasing Strategies for Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1939. [PMID: 34943043 PMCID: PMC8750485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Aging and/or metabolic stress directly impact the cardiovascular system. Over the last few years, the contributions of altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism to aging and other pathological conditions closely related to cardiovascular diseases have been intensively investigated. NAD+ bioavailability decreases with age and cardiometabolic conditions in several mammalian tissues. Compelling data suggest that declining tissue NAD+ is commonly related to mitochondrial dysfunction and might be considered as a therapeutic target. Thus, NAD+ replenishment by either genetic or natural dietary NAD+-increasing strategies has been recently demonstrated to be effective for improving the pathophysiology of cardiac and vascular health in different experimental models, as well as human health, to a lesser extent. Here, we review and discuss recent experimental evidence illustrating that increasing NAD+ bioavailability, particularly by the use of natural NAD+ precursors, may offer hope for new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Rotllan
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena M. G. Diarte-Añazco
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
| | - Marina Canyelles
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Karen Alejandra Méndez-Lara
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
| | - Sonia Benitez
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
| | - Núria Alonso
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
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Cholesterol loading suppresses the atheroinflammatory gene polarization of human macrophages induced by colony stimulating factors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4923. [PMID: 33649397 PMCID: PMC7921113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In atherosclerotic lesions, blood-derived monocytes differentiate into distinct macrophage subpopulations, and further into cholesterol-filled foam cells under a complex milieu of cytokines, which also contains macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte–macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Here we generated human macrophages in the presence of either M-CSF or GM-CSF to obtain M-MØ and GM-MØ, respectively. The macrophages were converted into cholesterol-loaded foam cells by incubating them with acetyl-LDL, and their atheroinflammatory gene expression profiles were then assessed. Compared with GM-MØ, the M-MØ expressed higher levels of CD36, SRA1, and ACAT1, and also exhibited a greater ability to take up acetyl-LDL, esterify cholesterol, and become converted to foam cells. M-MØ foam cells expressed higher levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1, and, correspondingly, exhibited higher rates of cholesterol efflux to apoA-I and HDL2. Cholesterol loading of M-MØ strongly suppressed the high baseline expression of CCL2, whereas in GM-MØ the low baseline expression CCL2 remained unchanged during cholesterol loading. The expression of TNFA, IL1B, and CXCL8 were reduced in LPS-activated macrophage foam cells of either subtype. In summary, cholesterol loading converged the CSF-dependent expression of key genes related to intracellular cholesterol balance and inflammation. These findings suggest that transformation of CSF-polarized macrophages into foam cells may reduce their atheroinflammatory potential in atherogenesis.
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Macrophage pyroptosis is mediated by immunoproteasome subunit β5i (LMP7) in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1012-1020. [PMID: 33019975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages contribute to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but the effect of macrophage on AAA formation is not totally understood. Recent research proved that macrophage pyroptosis plays an important role in many cardiovascular disease. However, whether macrophage pyroptosis is involved in AAA and its mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we found that the pyroptosis significantly increased in AAA tissues. β5i inhibitor PR-957 treatment or β5i deficiency markedly ameliorated AAA formation and decreased the pyroptosis. Pyroptosis were also significantly attenuated in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) from β5i-/- mice compared with the control group when they were subjected to OXLDL. Mechanistically, β5i may promote activation of NFκB which augment NLRP3 expression. In conclusion, this study suggested macrophages pyroptosis are involved in AAA and inhibition or knockout of β5i decreased macrophage pyroptosis via IκB/NFκB pathway.
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Shen W, Anwaier G, Cao Y, Lian G, Chen C, Liu S, Tuerdi N, Qi R. Atheroprotective Mechanisms of Tilianin by Inhibiting Inflammation Through Down-Regulating NF-κB Pathway and Foam Cells Formation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:825. [PMID: 31333487 PMCID: PMC6614704 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilianin, a representative flavonoid ingredient of Dracocephalum moldavica L., has been used to treat several diseases for centuries, including atherosclerosis (AS). However, pharmacological mechanisms underlying its biological functions remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated the anti-AS mechanisms of tilianin through establishing in vitro models using three types of cells that contributed to AS progression, including macrophage, vascular smooth muscle cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which were proved to be involve in LPS/TNF-α/oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced inflammation and ox-LDL induced foam cell formation. Our results indicate that tilianin significantly suppressed LPS induced inflammatory responses on macrophage and remarkably inhibited TNF-α induced VSMCs proliferation and migration. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of tilianin on macrophages and VSMCs was proved to be mainly by downregulating TNF-α/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, our results demonstrate that tilianin significantly ameliorated ox-LDL induced macrophages oriented foam cells formation through repressing mRNA expression of SR-A1 and inducting the expression of genes related to cholesterol efflux including SRB-1 and ABCA1. However, tilianin had no effect on ox-LDL induced HUVECs injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Gulinigaer Anwaier
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Yini Cao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Guan Lian
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Nuerbiye Tuerdi
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Qi
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
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12
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Lin Z, Altaf N, Li C, Chen M, Pan L, Wang D, Xie L, Zheng Y, Fu H, Han Y, Ji Y. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates oxidative stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation via S-sulfhydrating c-Jun at Cys269 in macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2890-2900. [PMID: 29859240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely related to cardiovascular diseases. Although hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to have powerful anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, its role in macrophage inflammation was poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of H2S in the regulation of macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We reported here that H2S attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which led to caspase-1 activation and IL-1β production in macrophages. Moreover, H2S exerted its protective effects by lowering the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Mechanistically, S-sulfhydration of c-Jun by H2S enhanced its transcriptional activity on SIRT3 and p62, which contributed to the decrease of mtROS production. S-sulfhydration sites are investigated by site directed mutagenesis. Findings showed that S-sulfhydrated c-Jun exerted its protective influences via a c-Jun Cys269-dependent manner. Moreover, the protective effects of H2S were absent in macrophage from SIRT3 knockout mice. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that H2S attenuates oxidative stress-induced mtROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via S-sulfhydrating c-Jun at cysteine 269 in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Naila Altaf
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lihong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Animal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Heling Fu
- Animal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yi Han
- Departments of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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13
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Xiao Y, Li C, Gu M, Wang H, Chen W, Luo G, Yang G, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Xian G, Li Z, Sheng P. Protein Disulfide Isomerase Silence Inhibits Inflammatory Functions of Macrophages by Suppressing Reactive Oxygen Species and NF-κB Pathway. Inflammation 2018; 41:614-625. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Pathology of Tuberculosis: How the Pathology of Human Tuberculosis Informs and Directs Animal Models. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 5. [PMID: 28597826 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.tbtb2-0029-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A wide variety of host- and pathogen-associated variables influence the clinical manifestation of TB in different individuals within the human population. As a consequence, the characteristic granulomatous lesions that develop within the lung are heterogeneous in size and cellular composition. Due to the lack of appropriate tissues from human TB patients, a variety of animal models are used as surrogates to study the basic pathogenesis and to test experimental vaccines and new drug therapies. Few animal models mimic the clinical course and pathological response of M. tuberculosis seen in the naturally occurring disease in people. In particular, post-primary TB, which accounts for the majority of cases of active TB and is responsible for transmission between individuals via aerosol exposers, cannot be reproduced in animals and therefore cannot be adequately modeled experimentally. This article describes a new paradigm that explains the pathogenesis of post-primary TB in humans. This new evidence was derived from histological examination of tissues from patients with different stages of M. tuberculosis infection and that had not been treated with antimicrobial drugs. Gaining a better understanding of this unique stage of TB disease will lead to more effective treatment, diagnostic, and prevention strategies.
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15
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Zupančič E, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJM. Cardiovascular Immunotherapy and the Role of Imaging. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:e167-e171. [PMID: 29070539 PMCID: PMC5743324 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zupančič
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (E.Z., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.)
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (E.Z., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.)
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (E.Z., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.).
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16
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Aortic Wall Inflammation Predicts Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion, Rupture, and Need for Surgical Repair. Circulation 2017; 136:787-797. [PMID: 28720724 PMCID: PMC5571881 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.028433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO) detect cellular inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm, we assessed whether USPIO-enhanced MRI can predict aneurysm growth rates and clinical outcomes. Methods In a prospective multicenter open-label cohort study, 342 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (diameter ≥40 mm) were classified by the presence of USPIO enhancement and were monitored with serial ultrasound and clinical follow-up for ≥2 years. The primary end point was the composite of aneurysm rupture or repair. Results Participants (85% male, 73.1±7.2 years) had a baseline aneurysm diameter of 49.6±7.7 mm, and USPIO enhancement was identified in 146 (42.7%) participants, absent in 191 (55.8%), and indeterminant in 5 (1.5%). During follow-up (1005±280 days), 17 (5.0%) abdominal aortic aneurysm ruptures, 126 (36.8%) abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs, and 48 (14.0%) deaths occurred. Compared with those without uptake, patients with USPIO enhancement have increased rates of aneurysm expansion (3.1±2.5 versus 2.5±2.4 mm/year, P=0.0424), although this was not independent of current smoking habit (P=0.1993). Patients with USPIO enhancement had higher rates of aneurysm rupture or repair (47.3% versus 35.6%; 95% confidence intervals, 1.1–22.2; P=0.0308). This finding was similar for each component of rupture (6.8% versus 3.7%, P=0.1857) or repair (41.8% versus 32.5%, P=0.0782). USPIO enhancement was associated with reduced event-free survival for aneurysm rupture or repair (P=0.0275), all-cause mortality (P=0.0635), and aneurysm-related mortality (P=0.0590). Baseline abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter (P<0.0001) and current smoking habit (P=0.0446) also predicted the primary outcome, and the addition of USPIO enhancement to the multivariate model did not improve event prediction (c-statistic, 0.7935–0.7936). Conclusions USPIO-enhanced MRI is a novel approach to the identification of aortic wall cellular inflammation in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and predicts the rate of aneurysm growth and clinical outcome. However, it does not provide independent prediction of aneurysm expansion or clinical outcomes in a model incorporating known clinical risk factors. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://www.isrctn.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN76413758.
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17
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Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease associated with high morbidity, and high mortality in the event of aortic rupture. Major advances in open surgical and endovascular repair of AAA have been achieved during the past 2 decades. However, drug-based therapies are still lacking, highlighting a real need for better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in AAA formation and progression. The main pathological features of AAA include extracellular matrix remodelling associated with degeneration and loss of vascular smooth muscle cells and accumulation and activation of inflammatory cells. The inflammatory process has a crucial role in AAA and substantially influences many determinants of aortic wall remodelling. In this Review, we focus specifically on the involvement of monocytes and macrophages, summarizing current knowledge on the roles, origin, and functions of these cells in AAA development and its complications. Furthermore, we show and propose that distinct monocyte and macrophage subsets have critical and differential roles in initiation, progression, and healing of the aneurysmal process. On the basis of experimental and clinical studies, we review potential translational applications to detect, assess, and image macrophage subsets in AAA, and discuss the relevance of these applications for clinical practice.
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18
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Harada T, Yoshimura K, Yamashita O, Ueda K, Morikage N, Sawada Y, Hamano K. Focal Adhesion Kinase Promotes the Progression of Aortic Aneurysm by Modulating Macrophage Behavior. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:156-165. [PMID: 27856458 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening vascular disease that is associated with persistent inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation. The molecular mechanisms underlying the macrophage-mediated progression of AAA remain largely unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS We show that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression and activity are enhanced in macrophages that are recruited to AAA tissue. FAK potentiates tumor necrosis factor-α-induced secretion of matrix-degrading enzymes and chemokines by cultured macrophages. FAK also promotes macrophage chemotaxis. In mice, the administration of a FAK inhibitor that tempers local macrophage accumulation markedly suppresses the development and progression of chemically induced AAA. CONCLUSIONS FAK plays a key role in macrophage behavior, which underlies the chronic progression of AAA. These findings provide insights into AAA progression and identify FAK as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takasuke Harada
- From the Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (T.H., K.Y., O.Y., K.U., N.M., K.H.); Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan (Y.S.)
| | - Koichi Yoshimura
- From the Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (T.H., K.Y., O.Y., K.U., N.M., K.H.); Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan (Y.S.).
| | - Osamu Yamashita
- From the Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (T.H., K.Y., O.Y., K.U., N.M., K.H.); Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan (Y.S.)
| | - Koshiro Ueda
- From the Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (T.H., K.Y., O.Y., K.U., N.M., K.H.); Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan (Y.S.)
| | - Noriyasu Morikage
- From the Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (T.H., K.Y., O.Y., K.U., N.M., K.H.); Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan (Y.S.)
| | - Yasuhiro Sawada
- From the Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (T.H., K.Y., O.Y., K.U., N.M., K.H.); Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan (Y.S.)
| | - Kimikazu Hamano
- From the Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan (T.H., K.Y., O.Y., K.U., N.M., K.H.); Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Japan (K.Y.); Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan (Y.S.)
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19
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Jeurissen MLJ, Walenbergh SMA, Houben T, Gijbels MJJ, Li J, Hendrikx T, Oligschlaeger Y, van Gorp PJ, Binder CJ, Donners MMPC, Shiri-Sverdlov R. Prevention of oxLDL uptake leads to decreased atherosclerosis in hematopoietic NPC1-deficient Ldlr -/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2016; 255:59-65. [PMID: 27816810 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of medium and large vessels and is typically characterized by the predominant accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol inside macrophages that reside in the vessel walls. Previous studies clearly demonstrated an association specifically between the oxidized type of LDL (oxLDL) and atherosclerotic lesion formation. Further observations revealed that these atherosclerotic lesions displayed enlarged, lipid-loaded lysosomes. By increasing natural antibodies against oxLDL, pneumococcal vaccination has been shown to reduce atherosclerosis in LDL receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) mice. Relevantly, loss of the lysosomal membrane protein Niemann-Pick Type C1 (NPC1) led to lysosomal accumulation of various lipids and promoted atherosclerosis. Yet, the importance of lysosomal oxLDL accumulation inside macrophages, compared to non-modified LDL, in atherosclerosis has never been established. METHODS By transplanting NPC1 bone marrow into lethally irradiated Ldlr-/- mice, a hematopoietic mouse model for lysosomal cholesterol accumulation was created. Through injections with heat-inactivated pneumococci, we aimed to demonstrate the specific contribution of lysosomal oxLDL accumulation inside macrophages in atherosclerosis development. RESULTS While there were no differences in plaque morphology, a reduction in plaque size and plaque inflammation was found in immunized NPC1mut-transplanted mice, compared to non-immunized NPC1mut-transplanted mice. CONCLUSIONS Lysosomal oxLDL accumulation within macrophages contributes to murine atherosclerosis. Future intervention strategies should focus specifically on preventing oxLDL, unlike non-modified LDL, from being internalized into lysosomes. Such an intervention can have an additive effect to current existing treatments against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike L J Jeurissen
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie M A Walenbergh
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Houben
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marion J J Gijbels
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jieyi Li
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Hendrikx
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Oligschlaeger
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick J van Gorp
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marjo M P C Donners
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
High-energy intake which exceeds energy expenditure leads to the accumulation of triglycerides in adipose tissue, predominantly in large-size adipocytes. This metabolic shift, which drives the liver to produce atherogenic dyslipidemia, is well documented. In addition, an increasing amount of monocytes/macrophages, predominantly the proinflammatory M1-type, cumulates in ectopic adipose tissue. The mechanism of this process, the turnover of macrophages in adipose tissue and their direct atherogenic effects all remain to be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Poledne
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic.
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21
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Abstract
Elevated levels of cholesteryl ester (CE)-enriched apoB containing plasma lipoproteins lead to increased foam cell formation, the first step in the development of atherosclerosis. Unregulated uptake of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by circulating monocytes and other peripheral blood cells takes place through scavenger receptors and over time causes disruption in cellular cholesterol homeostasis. As lipoproteins are taken up, their CE core is hydrolyzed by liposomal lipases to generate free cholesterol (FC). FC can be either re-esterified and stored as CE droplets or shuttled to the plasma membrane for ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-mediated efflux. Because cholesterol is an essential component of all cellular membranes, some FC may be incorporated into microdomains or lipid rafts. These platforms are essential for receptor signaling and transduction, requiring rapid assembly and disassembly. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 plays a major role in regulating microdomain cholesterol and is most efficient when lipid-poor apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) packages raft cholesterol into soluble particles that are eventually catabolized by the liver. If FC is not effluxed from the cell, it becomes esterified, CE droplets accumulate and microdomain cholesterol content becomes poorly regulated. This dysregulation leads to prolonged activation of immune cell signaling pathways, resulting in receptor oversensitization. The availability of apoAI or other amphipathic α-helix-rich apoproteins relieves the burden of excess microdomain cholesterol in immune cells allowing a reduction in immune cell proliferation and infiltration, thereby stimulating regression of foam cells in the artery. Therefore, cellular balance between FC and CE is essential for proper immune cell function and prevents chronic immune cell overstimulation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine and Senior Investigator, Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin (M.G.S.-T.) and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.J.T.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
| | - Michael J Thomas
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine and Senior Investigator, Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin (M.G.S.-T.) and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.J.T.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Smith
- From the Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH
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24
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Giunzioni I, Tavori H, Covarrubias R, Major AS, Ding L, Zhang Y, DeVay RM, Hong L, Fan D, Predazzi IM, Rashid S, Linton MF, Fazio S. Local effects of human PCSK9 on the atherosclerotic lesion. J Pathol 2015; 238:52-62. [PMID: 26333678 DOI: 10.1002/path.4630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) promotes atherosclerosis by increasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels through degradation of hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR). Studies have described the systemic effects of PCSK9 on atherosclerosis, but whether PCSK9 has local and direct effects on the plaque is unknown. To study the local effect of human PCSK9 (hPCSK9) on atherosclerotic lesion composition, independently of changes in serum cholesterol levels, we generated chimeric mice expressing hPCSK9 exclusively from macrophages, using marrow from hPCSK9 transgenic (hPCSK9tg) mice transplanted into apoE(-/-) and LDLR(-/-) mice, which were then placed on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. We further characterized the effect of hPCSK9 expression on the inflammatory responses in the spleen and by mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM) in vitro. We found that MPMs from transgenic mice express both murine (m) Pcsk9 and hPCSK9 and that the latter reduces macrophage LDLR and LRP1 surface levels. We detected hPCSK9 in the serum of mice transplanted with hPCSK9tg marrow, but did not influence lipid levels or atherosclerotic lesion size. However, marrow-derived PCSK9 progressively accumulated in lesions of apoE(-/-) recipient mice, while increasing the infiltration of Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocytes by 32% compared with controls. Expression of hPCSK9 also increased CD11b- and Ly6C(hi) -positive cell numbers in spleens of apoE(-/-) mice. In vitro, expression of hPCSK9 in LPS-stimulated macrophages increased mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory markers Tnf and Il1b (40% and 45%, respectively) and suppressed those of the anti-inflammatory markers Il10 and Arg1 (30% and 44%, respectively). All PCSK9 effects were LDLR-dependent, as PCSK9 protein was not detected in lesions of LDLR(-/-) recipient mice and did not affect macrophage or splenocyte inflammation. In conclusion, PCSK9 directly increases atherosclerotic lesion inflammation in an LDLR-dependent but cholesterol-independent mechanism, suggesting that therapeutic PCSK9 inhibition may have vascular benefits secondary to LDL reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Giunzioni
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hagai Tavori
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Roman Covarrubias
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy S Major
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Youmin Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Liang Hong
- Rinat-Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daping Fan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Irene M Predazzi
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shirya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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25
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Romero ME, Yahagi K, Kolodgie FD, Virmani R. Neoatherosclerosis From a Pathologist’s Point of View. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:e43-9. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Chang TW, Gracon ASA, Murphy MP, Wilkes DS. Exploring autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H719-27. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00273.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a disease process that carries significant morbidity and mortality in the absence of early identification and treatment. While current management includes surveillance and surgical treatment of low- and high-risk aneurysms, respectively, our narrow understanding of the pathophysiology of AAAs limits our ability to more effectively manage and perhaps even prevent the occurrence of this highly morbid disease. Over the past couple of decades, there has been considerable interest in exploring the role of autoimmunity as an etiological component of AAA. This review covers the current literature pertaining to this immunological process, focusing on research that highlights the local and systemic immune components found in both human patients and murine models. A better understanding of the autoimmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AAAs can pave the way to novel and improved treatment strategies in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany W. Chang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Adam S. A. Gracon
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - David S. Wilkes
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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27
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Ketelhuth DFJ, Hansson GK. Modulation of autoimmunity and atherosclerosis - common targets and promising translational approaches against disease. Circ J 2015; 79:924-33. [PMID: 25766275 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall that is influenced by several risk factors, including hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Autoimmune diseases substantially increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although atherosclerotic CVD, such as myocardial and stroke, is much more prevalent than classical autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, these types of pathology have many similarities, raising the possibility that therapies against autoimmune disease can have beneficial effects on CVD. Substantial clinical and experimental data support the potential for immunomodulatory approaches to combating both autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases, including classical immunosuppressants, anticytokine therapy, the targeting of T and B cells and their responses, and vaccination. In this review, we discuss experimental and clinical studies that have used immunomodulatory approaches to mitigate autoimmune reactions and examine their potential to prevent and treat atherosclerotic CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital
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28
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Carbone F, Montecucco F. Inflammation in arterial diseases. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:18-28. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; University of Genoa School of Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro; Genoa Italy
- Division of Cardiology; Foundation for Medical Researches; Department of Medical Specialties; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; University of Genoa School of Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro; Genoa Italy
- Division of Cardiology; Foundation for Medical Researches; Department of Medical Specialties; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Division of Laboratory Medicine; Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva Switzerland
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