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Hough RF, Alvira CM, Bastarache JA, Erzurum SC, Kuebler WM, Schmidt EP, Shimoda LA, Abman SH, Alvarez DF, Belvitch P, Bhattacharya J, Birukov KG, Chan SY, Cornfield DN, Dudek SM, Garcia JGN, Harrington EO, Hsia CCW, Islam MN, Jonigk DD, Kalinichenko VV, Kolb TM, Lee JY, Mammoto A, Mehta D, Rounds S, Schupp JC, Shaver CM, Suresh K, Tambe DT, Ventetuolo CE, Yoder MC, Stevens T, Damarla M. Studying the Pulmonary Endothelium in Health and Disease: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 71:388-406. [PMID: 39189891 PMCID: PMC11450313 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2024-0330st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung endothelium resides at the interface between the circulation and the underlying tissue, where it senses biochemical and mechanical properties of both the blood as it flows through the vascular circuit and the vessel wall. The endothelium performs the bidirectional signaling between the blood and tissue compartments that is necessary to maintain homeostasis while physically separating both, facilitating a tightly regulated exchange of water, solutes, cells, and signals. Disruption in endothelial function contributes to vascular disease, which can manifest in discrete vascular locations along the artery-to-capillary-to-vein axis. Although our understanding of mechanisms that contribute to endothelial cell injury and repair in acute and chronic vascular disease have advanced, pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie site-specific vascular disease remain incompletely understood. In an effort to improve the translatability of mechanistic studies of the endothelium, the American Thoracic Society convened a workshop to optimize rigor, reproducibility, and translation of discovery to advance our understanding of endothelial cell function in health and disease.
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Zhong Y, Xia S, Wang G, Liu Q, Ma F, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Qian L, Hu L, Xie J. The interplay between mitophagy and mitochondrial ROS in acute lung injury. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101920. [PMID: 38876297 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria orchestrate the production of new mitochondria and the removal of damaged ones to dynamically maintain mitochondrial homeostasis through constant biogenesis and clearance mechanisms. Mitochondrial quality control particularly relies on mitophagy, defined as selective autophagy with mitochondria-targeting specificity. Most ROS are derived from mitochondria, and the physiological concentration of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) is no longer considered a useless by-product, as it has been proven to participate in immune and autophagy pathway regulation. However, excessive mtROS appears to be a pathogenic factor in several diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI). The interplay between mitophagy and mtROS is complex and closely related to ALI. Here, we review the pathways of mitophagy, the intricate relationship between mitophagy and mtROS, the role of mtROS in the pathogenesis of ALI, and their effects and related progression in ALI induced by different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Siwei Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Gaojian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Qinxue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Fengjie Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yijin Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No.1518 North Huancheng Road, Nanhu District, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Junran Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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杨 坤, 吴 越, 章 容, 雷 小, 康 兰, 董 文. [Role of reactive oxygen species/silent information regulator 1 in hyperoxia-induced bronchial epithelial cell injury]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2024; 26:852-860. [PMID: 39148391 PMCID: PMC11334550 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2404120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) on hyperoxia-induced mitochondrial injury in BEAS-2B cells. METHODS The experiment was divided into three parts. In the first part, cells were divided into H0, H6, H12, H24, and H48 groups. In the second part, cells were divided into control group, H48 group, H48 hyperoxia+SIRT1 inhibitor group (H48+EX 527 group), and H48 hyperoxia+SIRT1 agonist group (H48+SRT1720 group). In the third part, cells were divided into control group, 48-hour hyperoxia+N-acetylcysteine group (H48+NAC group), and H48 group. The ROS kit was used to measure the level of ROS. Western blot and immunofluorescent staining were used to measure the expression levels of SIRT1 and mitochondria-related proteins. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of mitochondria. RESULTS Compared with the H0 group, the H6, H12, H24, and H48 groups had a significantly increased fluorescence intensity of ROS (P<0.05), the H48 group had significant reductions in the expression levels of SIRT1 protein and mitochondria-related proteins (P<0.05), and the H24 and H48 groups had a significant reduction in the fluorescence intensity of mitochondria-related proteins (P<0.05). Compared with the H48 group, the H48+SRT1720 group had significant increases in the expression levels of mitochondria-related proteins and the mitochondrial aspect ratio (P<0.05), and the H48+EX 527 group had a significant reduction in the mitochondrial area (P<0.05). Compared with the H48 group, the H48+NAC group had a significantly decreased fluorescence intensity of ROS (P<0.05) and significantly increased levels of SIRT1 protein, mitochondria-related proteins, mitochondrial area, and mitochondrial aspect ratio (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The ROS/SIRT1 axis is involved in hyperoxia-induced mitochondrial injury in BEAS-2B cells.
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Philpot P, Graumuller F, Melchiorre N, Prahaladan V, Takada X, Chandran S, Guillermo M, Dickler D, Aghai ZH, Das P, Bhandari V. Hyperoxia-Induced miR-195 Causes Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Neonatal Mice. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1208. [PMID: 38927415 PMCID: PMC11201213 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure to hyperoxia is an important factor in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm newborns. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of BPD and provide a potential therapeutic target. Methods: This study was conducted utilizing a postnatal animal model of experimental hyperoxia-induced murine BPD to investigate the expression and function of miR-195 as well as its molecular signaling targets within developing mouse lung tissue. Results: miR-195 expression levels increased in response to hyperoxia in male and female lungs, with the most significant elevation occurring in 40% O2 (mild) and 60% O2 (moderate) BPD. The inhibition of miR-195 improved pulmonary morphology in the hyperoxia-induced BPD model in male and female mice with females showing more resistance to injury and better recovery of alveolar chord length, septal thickness, and radial alveolar count. Additionally, we reveal miR-195-dependent signaling pathways involved in BPD and identify PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2) as a novel specific target protein of miR-195. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that high levels of miR-195 in neonatal lungs cause the exacerbation of hyperoxia-induced experimental BPD while its inhibition results in amelioration. This finding suggests a therapeutic potential of miR-195 inhibition in preventing BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Philpot
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Nemours, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (P.P.); (Z.H.A.)
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (V.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Fred Graumuller
- Division of Neonatology, The Children’s Regional Hospital at Cooper, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (F.G.); (N.M.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (M.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Nicole Melchiorre
- Division of Neonatology, The Children’s Regional Hospital at Cooper, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (F.G.); (N.M.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (M.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Varsha Prahaladan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (V.P.); (P.D.)
- Division of Neonatology, The Children’s Regional Hospital at Cooper, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (F.G.); (N.M.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (M.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Xander Takada
- Division of Neonatology, The Children’s Regional Hospital at Cooper, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (F.G.); (N.M.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (M.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Srinarmadha Chandran
- Division of Neonatology, The Children’s Regional Hospital at Cooper, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (F.G.); (N.M.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (M.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Melissa Guillermo
- Division of Neonatology, The Children’s Regional Hospital at Cooper, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (F.G.); (N.M.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (M.G.); (D.D.)
| | - David Dickler
- Division of Neonatology, The Children’s Regional Hospital at Cooper, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (F.G.); (N.M.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (M.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Zubair H. Aghai
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Nemours, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (P.P.); (Z.H.A.)
| | - Pragnya Das
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (V.P.); (P.D.)
- Division of Neonatology, The Children’s Regional Hospital at Cooper, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (F.G.); (N.M.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (M.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (V.P.); (P.D.)
- Division of Neonatology, The Children’s Regional Hospital at Cooper, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (F.G.); (N.M.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (M.G.); (D.D.)
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Zhao Y, Wang X, He M, Zeng G, Xu Z, Zhang L, Kang Y, Xue P. Vacancy-Rich Bismuth-Based Nanosheets for Mitochondrial Destruction via CO Poisoning, Ca 2+ Dyshomeostasis, and Oxidative Damage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307404. [PMID: 38054772 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are core regulators of tumor cell homeostasis, and their damage has become an arresting therapeutic modality against cancer. Despite the development of many mitochondrial-targeted pharmaceutical agents, the exploration of more powerful and multifunctional medications is still underway. Herein, oxygen vacancy-rich BiO2-x wrapped with CaCO3 (named BiO2-x@CaCO3/PEG, BCP) is developed for full-fledged attack on mitochondrial function. After endocytosis of BCP by tumor cells, the CaCO3 shell can be decomposed in the acidic lysosomal compartment, leading to immediate Ca2+ release and CO2 production in the cytoplasm. Near-infrared irradiation enhances the adsorption of CO2 onto BiO2-x defects, which enables highly efficient photocatalysis of CO2-to-CO. Meanwhile, such BiO2-x nanosheets possess catalase-, peroxidase- and oxidase-like catalytic activities under acidic pH conditions, allowing hypoxia relief and the accumulation of diverse reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumor microenvironment. Ca2+ overload-induced ion dyshomeostasis, CO-mediated respiratory chain poisoning, ROS-triggered oxidative stress aggravation, and cytosolic hyperoxia can cause severe mitochondrial disorders, which further lead to type I cell death in carcinoma. Not only does BCP cause irreversible apoptosis, but immunogenic cell death is simultaneously triggered to activate antitumor immunity for metastasis inhibition. Collectively, this platform promises high benefits in malignant tumor therapy and may expand the medical applications of bismuth-based nanoagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinmin Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mengting He
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guicheng Zeng
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin, 644000, China
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Liang Y, Ruan W, Jiang Y, Smalling R, Yuan X, Eltzschig HK. Interplay of hypoxia-inducible factors and oxygen therapy in cardiovascular medicine. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:723-737. [PMID: 37308571 PMCID: PMC11014460 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mammals have evolved to adapt to differences in oxygen availability. Although systemic oxygen homeostasis relies on respiratory and circulatory responses, cellular adaptation to hypoxia involves the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Given that many cardiovascular diseases involve some degree of systemic or local tissue hypoxia, oxygen therapy has been used liberally over many decades for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. However, preclinical research has revealed the detrimental effects of excessive use of oxygen therapy, including the generation of toxic oxygen radicals or attenuation of endogenous protection by HIFs. In addition, investigators in clinical trials conducted in the past decade have questioned the excessive use of oxygen therapy and have identified specific cardiovascular diseases in which a more conservative approach to oxygen therapy could be beneficial compared with a more liberal approach. In this Review, we provide numerous perspectives on systemic and molecular oxygen homeostasis and the pathophysiological consequences of excessive oxygen use. In addition, we provide an overview of findings from clinical studies on oxygen therapy for myocardial ischaemia, cardiac arrest, heart failure and cardiac surgery. These clinical studies have prompted a shift from liberal oxygen supplementation to a more conservative and vigilant approach to oxygen therapy. Furthermore, we discuss the alternative therapeutic strategies that target oxygen-sensing pathways, including various preconditioning approaches and pharmacological HIF activators, that can be used regardless of the level of oxygen therapy that a patient is already receiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafen Liang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yandong Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard Smalling
- Department of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA
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7
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Marchetti M, Ronda L, Cozzi M, Bettati S, Bruno S. Genetically Encoded Biosensors for the Fluorescence Detection of O 2 and Reactive O 2 Species. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8517. [PMID: 37896609 PMCID: PMC10611200 DOI: 10.3390/s23208517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular concentrations of oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living cells represent critical information for investigating physiological and pathological conditions. Real-time measurement often relies on genetically encoded proteins that are responsive to fluctuations in either oxygen or ROS concentrations. The direct binding or chemical reactions that occur in their presence either directly alter the fluorescence properties of the binding protein or alter the fluorescence properties of fusion partners, mostly consisting of variants of the green fluorescent protein. Oxygen sensing takes advantage of several mechanisms, including (i) the oxygen-dependent hydroxylation of a domain of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1, which, in turn, promotes its cellular degradation along with fluorescent fusion partners; (ii) the naturally oxygen-dependent maturation of the fluorophore of green fluorescent protein variants; and (iii) direct oxygen binding by proteins, including heme proteins, expressed in fusion with fluorescent partners, resulting in changes in fluorescence due to conformational alterations or fluorescence resonance energy transfer. ROS encompass a group of highly reactive chemicals that can interconvert through various chemical reactions within biological systems, posing challenges for their selective detection through genetically encoded sensors. However, their general reactivity, and particularly that of the relatively stable oxygen peroxide, can be exploited for ROS sensing through different mechanisms, including (i) the ROS-induced formation of disulfide bonds in engineered fluorescent proteins or fusion partners of fluorescent proteins, ultimately leading to fluorescence changes; and (ii) conformational changes of naturally occurring ROS-sensing domains, affecting the fluorescence properties of fusion partners. In this review, we will offer an overview of these genetically encoded biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Marchetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (L.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Luca Ronda
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (L.R.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Biophysics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Cozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (L.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (L.R.); (M.C.)
- Institute of Biophysics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
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Sun T, Yu H, Li D, Zhang H, Fu J. Emerging role of metabolic reprogramming in hyperoxia-associated neonatal diseases. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102865. [PMID: 37659187 PMCID: PMC10480540 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen therapy is common during the neonatal period to improve survival, but it can increase the risk of oxygen toxicity. Hyperoxia can damage multiple organs and systems in newborns, commonly causing lung conditions such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension, as well as damage to other organs, including the brain, gut, and eyes. These conditions are collectively referred to as newborn oxygen radical disease to indicate the multi-system damage caused by hyperoxia. Hyperoxia can also lead to changes in metabolic pathways and the production of abnormal metabolites through a process called metabolic reprogramming. Currently, some studies have analyzed the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming induced by hyperoxia. The focus has been on mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dynamics, and multi-organ interactions, such as the lung-gut, lung-brain, and brain-gut axes. In this article, we provide an overview of the major metabolic pathway changes reported in hyperoxia-associated neonatal diseases and explore the potential mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming. Metabolic reprogramming induced by hyperoxia can cause multi-organ metabolic disorders in newborns, including abnormal glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, abnormal metabolites may predict the occurrence of disease, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets. Although the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming caused by hyperoxia requires further elucidation, mitochondria and the gut-lung-brain axis may play a key role in metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- Department of Pediatics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Pediatics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Mandal K, Sangabathuni S, Haghniaz R, Kawakita S, Mecwan M, Nakayama A, Zhang X, Edalati M, Huang W, Lopez Hernandez A, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Oxygen-generating microparticles downregulate HIF-1α expression, increase cardiac contractility, and mitigate ischemic injury. Acta Biomater 2023; 159:211-225. [PMID: 36669549 PMCID: PMC9992239 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial hypoxia is the low oxygen tension in the heart tissue implicated in many diseases, including ischemia, cardiac dysfunction, or after heart procurement for transplantation. Oxygen-generating microparticles have recently emerged as a potential strategy for supplying oxygen to sustain cell survival, growth, and tissue functionality in hypoxia. Here, we prepared oxygen-generating microparticles with poly D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid, and calcium peroxide (CPO), which yielded a continuous morphology capable of sustained oxygen release for up to 24 h. We demonstrated that CPO microparticles increased primary rat cardiomyocyte metabolic activity while not affecting cell viability during hypoxia. Moreover, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, which is upregulated during hypoxia, can be downregulated by delivering oxygen using CPO microparticles. Single-cell traction force microscopy data demonstrated that the reduced energy generated by hypoxic cells could be restored using CPO microparticles. We engineered cardiac tissues that showed higher contractility in the presence of CPO microparticles compared to hypoxic cells. Finally, we observed reduced myocardial injuries in ex vivo rabbit hearts treated with CPO microparticles. In contrast, an acute early myocardial injury was observed for the hearts treated with control saline solution in hypoxia. In conclusion, CPO microparticles improved cell and tissue contractility and gene expression while reducing hypoxia-induced myocardial injuries in the heart. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Oxygen-releasing microparticles can reduce myocardial ischemia, allograft rejection, or irregular heartbeats after heart transplantation. Here we present biodegradable oxygen-releasing microparticles that are capable of sustained oxygen release for more than 24 hrs. We then studied the impact of sustained oxygen release from microparticles on gene expresseion and cardiac cell and tissue function. Previous studies have not measured cardiac tissue or cell mechanics during hypoxia, which is important for understanding proper cardiac function and beating. Using traction force microscopy and an engineered tissue-on-a-chip, we demonstrated that our oxygen-releasing microparticles improve cell and tissue contractility during hypoxia while downregulating the HIF-1α expression level. Finally, using the microparticles, we showed reduced myocardial injuries in rabbit heart tissue, confirming the potential of the particles to be used for organ transplantation or tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Mandal
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, USA.
| | - Sivakoti Sangabathuni
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Satoru Kawakita
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, USA
| | - Marvin Mecwan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, USA
| | - Aya Nakayama
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, USA
| | - Xuexiang Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Masoud Edalati
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, USA
| | - Ana Lopez Hernandez
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, USA.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, USA.
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Perrelli A, Ferraris C, Berni E, Glading AJ, Retta SF. KRIT1: A Traffic Warden at the Busy Crossroads Between Redox Signaling and the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:496-528. [PMID: 36047808 PMCID: PMC10039281 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: KRIT1 (Krev interaction trapped 1) is a scaffolding protein that plays a critical role in vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis. Its loss-of-function has been unequivocally associated with the pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM), a major cerebrovascular disease of genetic origin characterized by defective endothelial cell-cell adhesion and ensuing structural alterations and hyperpermeability in brain capillaries. KRIT1 contributes to the maintenance of endothelial barrier function by stabilizing the integrity of adherens junctions and inhibiting the formation of actin stress fibers. Recent Advances: Among the multiple regulatory mechanisms proposed so far, significant evidence accumulated over the past decade has clearly shown that the role of KRIT1 in the stability of endothelial barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, is largely based on its involvement in the complex machinery governing cellular redox homeostasis and responses to oxidative stress and inflammation. KRIT1 loss-of-function has, indeed, been demonstrated to cause an impairment of major redox-sensitive mechanisms involved in spatiotemporal regulation of cell adhesion and signaling, which ultimately leads to decreased cell-cell junction stability and enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress and inflammation. Critical Issues: This review explores the redox mechanisms that influence endothelial cell adhesion and barrier function, focusing on the role of KRIT1 in such mechanisms. We propose that this supports a novel model wherein redox signaling forms the common link between the various pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches hitherto associated with CCM disease. Future Directions: A comprehensive characterization of the role of KRIT1 in redox control of endothelial barrier physiology and defense against oxy-inflammatory insults will provide valuable insights into the development of precision medicine strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 496-528.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perrelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Berni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Angela J. Glading
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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11
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Gauthier AG, Lin M, Zefi S, Kulkarni A, Thakur GA, Ashby CR, Mantell LL. GAT107-mediated α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling attenuates inflammatory lung injury and mortality in a mouse model of ventilator-associated pneumonia by alleviating macrophage mitochondrial oxidative stress via reducing MnSOD-S-glutathionylation. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102614. [PMID: 36717349 PMCID: PMC9950665 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia) can compromise host defense and increase susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections, causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Compromised host defense and inflammatory lung injury are mediated, in part, by high extracellular concentrations of HMGB1, which can be decreased by GTS-21, a partial agonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Here, we report that a novel α7nAChR agonistic positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM), GAT107, at 3.3 mg/kg, i.p., significantly decreased animal mortality and markers of inflammatory injury in mice exposed to hyperoxia and subsequently infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The incubation of macrophages with 3.3 μM of GAT107 significantly decreased hyperoxia-induced extracellular HMGB1 accumulation and HMGB1-induced macrophage phagocytic dysfunction. Hyperoxia-compromised macrophage function was correlated with impaired mitochondrial membrane integrity, increased superoxide levels, and decreased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity. This compromised MnSOD activity is due to a significant increase in its level of glutathionylation. The incubation of hyperoxic macrophages with 3.3 μM of GAT107 significantly decreases the levels of glutathionylated MnSOD, and restores MnSOD activity and mitochondrial membrane integrity. Thus, GAT107 restored hyperoxia-compromised phagocytic functions by decreasing HMGB1 release, most likely via a mitochondrial-directed pathway. Overall, our results suggest that GAT107 may be a potential treatment to decrease acute inflammatory lung injury by increasing host defense in patients with VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G. Gauthier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Mosi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Sidorela Zefi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Lin L. Mantell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA,Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 128 St. Albert Hall, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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12
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Long Y, Chen H, Deng J, Ning J, Yang P, Qiao L, Cao Z. Deficiency of endothelial FGFR1 alleviates hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonatal mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1039103. [PMID: 36467073 PMCID: PMC9716472 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1039103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted neonatal lung angiogenesis and alveologenesis often give rise to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common chronic lung disease in children. Hyperoxia-induced pulmonary vascular and alveolar damage in premature infants is one of the most common and frequent factors contributing to BPD. The purpose of the present study was to explore the key molecules and the underlying mechanisms in hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal mice and to provide a new strategy for the treatment of BPD. In this work, we reported that hyperoxia decreased the proportion of endothelial cells (ECs) in the lungs of neonatal mice. In hyperoxic lung ECs of neonatal mice, we detected upregulated fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression, accompanied by upregulation of the classic downstream signaling pathway of activated FGFR1, including the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Specific deletion of Fgfr1 in the ECs of neonatal mice protected the lungs from hyperoxia-induced lung injury, with improved angiogenesis, alveologenesis and respiratory metrics. Intriguingly, the increased Fgfr1 expression was mainly attributed to aerosol capillary endothelial (aCap) cells rather than general capillary endothelial (gCap) cells. Deletion of endothelial Fgfr1 increased the expression of gCap cell markers but decreased the expression of aCap cell markers. Additionally, inhibition of FGFR1 by an FGFR1 inhibitor improved alveologenesis and respiratory metrics. In summary, this study suggests that in neonatal mice, hyperoxia increases the expression of endothelial FGFR1 in lung ECs and that deficiency of endothelial Fgfr1 can ameliorate hyperoxia-induced BPD. These data suggest that FGFR1 may be a potential therapeutic target for BPD, which will provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lina Qiao
- *Correspondence: Lina Qiao, ; Zhongwei Cao,
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13
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Bikomeye JC, Terwoord JD, Santos JH, Beyer AM. Emerging mitochondrial signaling mechanisms in cardio-oncology: beyond oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H702-H720. [PMID: 35930448 PMCID: PMC9529263 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00231.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many anticancer therapies (CTx) have cardiotoxic side effects that limit their therapeutic potential and cause long-term cardiovascular complications in cancer survivors. This has given rise to the field of cardio-oncology, which recognizes the need for basic, translational, and clinical research focused on understanding the complex signaling events that drive CTx-induced cardiovascular toxicity. Several CTx agents cause mitochondrial damage in the form of mitochondrial DNA deletions, mutations, and suppression of respiratory function and ATP production. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the cardiovascular complications of clinically used CTx agents and discuss current knowledge of local and systemic secondary signaling events that arise in response to mitochondrial stress/damage. Mitochondrial oxidative stress has long been recognized as a contributor to CTx-induced cardiotoxicity; thus, we focus on emerging roles for mitochondria in epigenetic regulation, innate immunity, and signaling via noncoding RNAs and mitochondrial hormones. Because data exploring mitochondrial secondary signaling in the context of cardio-oncology are limited, we also draw upon clinical and preclinical studies, which have examined these pathways in other relevant pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Bikomeye
- Doctorate Program in Public and Community Health, Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Janée D Terwoord
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, Utah
| | - Janine H Santos
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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14
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Alva R, Mirza M, Baiton A, Lazuran L, Samokysh L, Bobinski A, Cowan C, Jaimon A, Obioru D, Al Makhoul T, Stuart JA. Oxygen toxicity: cellular mechanisms in normobaric hyperoxia. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 39:111-143. [PMID: 36112262 PMCID: PMC9483325 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In clinical settings, oxygen therapy is administered to preterm neonates and to adults with acute and chronic conditions such as COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis, sepsis, cardiac arrest, carbon monoxide poisoning, and acute heart failure. In non-clinical settings, divers and astronauts may also receive supplemental oxygen. In addition, under current standard cell culture practices, cells are maintained in atmospheric oxygen, which is several times higher than what most cells experience in vivo. In all the above scenarios, the elevated oxygen levels (hyperoxia) can lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species from mitochondria, NADPH oxidases, and other sources. This can cause cell dysfunction or death. Acute hyperoxia injury impairs various cellular functions, manifesting ultimately as physiological deficits. Chronic hyperoxia, particularly in the neonate, can disrupt development, leading to permanent deficiencies. In this review, we discuss the cellular activities and pathways affected by hyperoxia, as well as strategies that have been developed to ameliorate injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Alva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Maha Mirza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Adam Baiton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Lucas Lazuran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Lyuda Samokysh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ava Bobinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Cale Cowan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Alvin Jaimon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Dede Obioru
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Tala Al Makhoul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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15
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Ait-Aissa K, Norwood-Toro LE, Terwoord J, Young M, Paniagua LA, Hader SN, Hughes WE, Hockenberry JC, Beare JE, Linn J, Kohmoto T, Kim J, Betts DH, LeBlanc AJ, Gutterman DD, Beyer AM. Noncanonical Role of Telomerase in Regulation of Microvascular Redox Environment With Implications for Coronary Artery Disease. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2022; 3:zqac043. [PMID: 36168588 PMCID: PMC9508843 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) (catalytic subunit of telomerase) is linked to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD); however, whether the role of nuclear vs. mitchondrial actions of TERT is involved is not determined. Dominant-negative TERT splice variants contribute to decreased mitochondrial integrity and promote elevated reactive oxygen species production. We hypothesize that a decrease in mitochondrial TERT would increase mtDNA damage, promoting a pro-oxidative redox environment. The goal of this study is to define whether mitochondrial TERT is sufficient to maintain nitric oxide as the underlying mechanism of flow-mediated dilation by preserving mtDNA integrity.Immunoblots and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to show elevated levels of splice variants α- and β-deletion TERT tissue from subjects with and without CAD. Genetic, pharmacological, and molecular tools were used to manipulate TERT localization. Isolated vessel preparations and fluorescence-based quantification of mtH2O2 and NO showed that reduction of TERT in the nucleus increased flow induced NO and decreased mtH2O2 levels, while prevention of mitochondrial import of TERT augmented pathological effects. Further elevated mtDNA damage was observed in tissue from subjects with CAD and initiation of mtDNA repair mechanisms was sufficient to restore NO-mediated dilation in vessels from patients with CAD. The work presented is the first evidence that catalytically active mitochondrial TERT, independent of its nuclear functions, plays a critical physiological role in preserving NO-mediated vasodilation and the balance of mitochondrial to nuclear TERT is fundamentally altered in states of human disease that are driven by increased expression of dominant negative splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ait-Aissa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - L E Norwood-Toro
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - J Terwoord
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - M Young
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - L A Paniagua
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - S N Hader
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - W E Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - J C Hockenberry
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - J E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA,Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - J Linn
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - T Kohmoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - J Kim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - D H Betts
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - A J LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - D D Gutterman
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - A M Beyer
- Address correspondence to A.M.B. (e-mail: )
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16
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Reiterer M, Eakin A, Johnson RS, Branco CM. Hyperoxia Reprogrammes Microvascular Endothelial Cell Response to Hypoxia in an Organ-Specific Manner. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162469. [PMID: 36010546 PMCID: PMC9406746 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ function relies on microvascular networks to maintain homeostatic equilibrium, which varies widely in different organs and during different physiological challenges. The endothelium role in this critical process can only be evaluated in physiologically relevant contexts. Comparing the responses to oxygen flux in primary murine microvascular EC (MVEC) obtained from brain and lung tissue reveals that supra-physiological oxygen tensions can compromise MVEC viability. Brain MVEC lose mitochondrial activity and undergo significant alterations in electron transport chain (ETC) composition when cultured under standard, non-physiological atmospheric oxygen levels. While glycolytic capacity of both lung and brain MVEC are unchanged by environmental oxygen, the ability to trigger a metabolic shift when oxygen levels drop is greatly compromised following exposure to hyperoxia. This is particularly striking in MVEC from the brain. This work demonstrates that the unique metabolism and function of organ-specific MVEC (1) can be reprogrammed by external oxygen, (2) that this reprogramming can compromise MVEC survival and, importantly, (3) that ex vivo modelling of endothelial function is significantly affected by culture conditions. It further demonstrates that physiological, metabolic and functional studies performed in non-physiological environments do not represent cell function in situ, and this has serious implications in the interpretation of cell-based pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Reiterer
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amanda Eakin
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Randall S. Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Cristina M. Branco
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Correspondence:
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17
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Li C, Pan Y, Tan Y, Wang Y, Sun X. PINK1-Dependent Mitophagy Reduced Endothelial Hyperpermeability and Cell Migration Capacity Under Simulated Microgravity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:896014. [PMID: 35874841 PMCID: PMC9300855 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.896014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of cardiovascular dysfunction including orthostatic intolerance and disability on physical exercise is one of the health problems induced by long-term spaceflight astronauts face. As an important part of vascular structure, the vascular endothelium, uniquely sensitive to mechanical force, plays a pivotal role in coordinating vascular functions. Our study found that simulated microgravity induced PINK1-dependent mitophagy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Here, we explored the underlying mechanism of mitophagy induction. The ER stress induced by proteostasis failure in HUVECs promoted the Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria, resulting in mitochondria Ca2+ overload, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondria fission, and accumulation of Parkin and p62 in mitochondria and mitophagy under simulated microgravity. Moreover, we assumed that mitophagy played a vital role in functional changes in endothelial cells under simulated microgravity. Using mdivi-1 and PINK1 knockdown, we found that NLRP3 inflammasome activation was enhanced after mitophagy was inhibited. The NLRP3 inflammasome contributed to endothelial hyperpermeability and cellular migration by releasing IL-1β. Thus, mitophagy inhibited cell migration ability and hyperpermeability in HUVECs exposed to clinostat-simulated microgravity. Collectively, we here clarify the mechanism of mitophagy induction by simulated microgravity in vitro and demonstrate the relationship between mitophagy and vascular endothelial functional changes including cellular migration and permeability. This study deepens the understanding of vascular functional changes under microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Li
- Department of Aerospace Medical Training, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yikai Pan
- Department of Aerospace Medical Training, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yingjun Tan
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchun Wang
- Department of Aerospace Medical Training, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiqing Sun, , Yongchun Wang,
| | - Xiqing Sun
- Department of Aerospace Medical Training, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiqing Sun, , Yongchun Wang,
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18
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Grensemann J, Mader MMD, Westphal M, Kluge S, Czorlich P. Hyperoxia is Dose-Dependently Associated with an Increase of Unfavorable Outcomes in Ventilated Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Neurocrit Care 2022; 37:523-530. [PMID: 35672497 PMCID: PMC9519732 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-022-01534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Adequate oxygenation in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is imperative. However, hyperoxia increases formation of reactive oxygen species and may be associated with a dose-dependent toxicity. We postulated a threshold for arterial partial pressure of oxygen (paO2) above which toxicity effects precipitate and sought to study the effects on 30-day mortality, favorable outcome at discharge and at 3 months, and delayed cerebral ischemia. Methods In this retrospective single-center cohort study, patients with SAH and mechanical ventilation > 72 h were included. Oxygen integrals were calculated above the following thresholds: 80, 100, 120, and 150 mm Hg and time-weighted mean paO2. All calculations were done from admission to end of day 1, day 3, and day 14. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, duration of ventilation, and Hunt and Hess grade. Time-weighted mean paO2 was categorized by quartiles. Favorable outcome was defined as Glasgow Outcome Scale scores of 4 and 5. Results From November 2010 to February 2021, 282 of 549 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Odds ratios for 30-day mortality increased dose dependently and were as follows: 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.11; p = 0.001) for each 1 mm Hg per day above 80 mm Hg; 1.16 (95% CI 1.07–1.27), above 100 mm Hg; 1.36 (95% CI 1.15–1.61), above 120 mm Hg; and 1.59 (95% CI 1.22–2.08), above 150 mm Hg (all p < 0.001) at day 14. For favorable outcome at 3 months, odds ratios were 0.96 (95% CI 0.92–0.99) for each 1 mm Hg per day above 80 mm Hg; 0.90 (95% CI 0.84–0.98), above 100 mm Hg; 0.83 (95% CI 0.72–0.97), above 120 mm Hg; and 0.77 (95% CI 0.61–0.97), above 150 mm Hg (all p < 0.05). For time-weighted mean paO2, lowest 30-day mortality and highest favorable outcome at 3 months were found in the second quartile (78–85 mm Hg). Thirty-day mortality increased above 93 mm Hg (fourth quartile), with an odds ratio of 3.4 (95% CI 1.4–8.4, p = 0.007). Odds ratios for favorable outcome at 3 months were 0.28 (95% CI 0.12–0.69), 0.27 (95% CI 0.11–0.67), and 0.24 (95% CI 0.10–0.59) for the first, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively (all p < 0.01). No significant association was found at day 1 and day 3, for favorable outcome at discharge, or for delayed cerebral ischemia. Conclusions Integrals above the defined paO2 thresholds were dose-dependently associated with an increase in mortality in ventilated patients with SAH. When we considered time-weighted mean paO2, unfavorable outcomes and 30-day mortality were more frequent both below and above a certain range. Unfavorable outcomes increased in paO2 ranges usually defined as normoxia. This emphasizes the necessity to further characterize oxygenation thresholds in ventilated patients with SAH in prospective clinical studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12028-022-01534-y.
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19
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Hof S, Truse R, Weber L, Herminghaus A, Schulz J, Weber APM, Maleckova E, Bauer I, Picker O, Vollmer C. Local Mucosal CO 2 but Not O 2 Insufflation Improves Gastric and Oral Microcirculatory Oxygenation in a Canine Model of Mild Hemorrhagic Shock. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:867298. [PMID: 35573010 PMCID: PMC9096873 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.867298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute hemorrhage results in perfusion deficit and regional hypoxia. Since failure of intestinal integrity seem to be the linking element between hemorrhage, delayed multi organ failure, and mortality, it is crucial to maintain intestinal microcirculation in acute hemorrhage. During critical bleeding physicians increase FiO2 to raise total blood oxygen content. Likewise, a systemic hypercapnia was reported to maintain microvascular oxygenation (μHbO2). Both, O2 and CO2, may have adverse effects when applied systemically that might be prevented by local application. Therefore, we investigated the effects of local hyperoxia and hypercapnia on the gastric and oral microcirculation. Methods Six female foxhounds were anaesthetized, randomized into eight groups and tested in a cross-over design. The dogs received a local CO2-, O2-, or N2-administration to their oral and gastric mucosa. Hemorrhagic shock was induced through a withdrawal of 20% of estimated blood volume followed by retransfusion 60 min later. In control groups no shock was induced. Reflectance spectrophotometry and laser Doppler were performed at the gastric and oral surface. Oral microcirculation was visualized by incident dark field imaging. Systemic hemodynamic parameters were recorded continuously. Statistics were performed using a two-way-ANOVA for repeated measurements and post hoc analysis was conducted by Bonferroni testing (p < 0.05). Results The gastric μHbO2 decreased from 76 ± 3% to 38 ± 4% during hemorrhage in normocapnic animals. Local hypercapnia ameliorated the decrease of μHbO2 from 78 ± 4% to 51 ± 8%. Similarly, the oral μHbO2 decreased from 81 ± 1% to 36 ± 4% under hemorrhagic conditions and was diminished by local hypercapnia (54 ± 4%). The oral microvascular flow quality but not the total microvascular blood flow was significantly improved by local hypercapnia. Local O2-application failed to change microvascular oxygenation, perfusion or flow quality. Neither CO2 nor O2 changed microcirculatory parameters and macrocirculatory hemodynamics under physiological conditions. Discussion Local hypercapnia improved microvascular oxygenation and was associated with a continuous blood flow in hypercapnic individuals undergoing hemorrhagic shock. Local O2 application did not change microvascular oxygenation, perfusion and blood flow profiles in hemorrhage. Local gas application and change of microcirculation has no side effects on macrocirculatory parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hof
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard Truse
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lea Weber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Herminghaus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Schulz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva Maleckova
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Inge Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Picker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Vollmer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
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20
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Narala VR, Thimmana LV, Panati K, Kolliputi N. Nitrated fatty acid, 10-nitrooleate protects against hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108838. [PMID: 35561478 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of electrophilic nitrated fatty acid (NFA); 10-nitrooleate, have been reported. The present study investigated whether 10-nitrooleate has a protective role against hyperoxic-induced acute lung injury (HALI). Using a C57BL/6 mice model of HALI, we investigated the protective effect of 10-nitrooleate. C57BL/6 mice were administered with NFA intratracheally, exposed to hyperoxia for 48 h to induce HALI, and kept at room air for 24 h. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung samples were collected after 24 h of post hyperoxia to analyze markers associated with HALI. Intratracheal (IT) and intraperitoneal (IP) administration of NFA notably attenuated hyperoxia-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells, alveolar-capillary leakage, upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6 and TNFα) into the BAL fluid, and resolution of inflammation in the lung. Western blot analyses showed that 10-nitrooleate reduced the expression of the inflammatory transcription factor NFκB p65 subunit and increased antioxidant proteins HO-1 and NQO1 expression in the lung tissues compared to vehicle-treated animals. Moreover, 10-nitrooleate reversed the hyperoxia-induced expression of mitophagy-associated markers (PINK1 and p62/SQSTM1), thereby protecting the HALI/ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). IT and IP delivery of 10-nitrooleate reduces hyperoxia-induced ALI/ARDS by regulating the antioxidant pathways and restoring the mitochondrial homeostasis by regulating mitophagy. It is suggested that NFAs can be further evaluated as supplementary therapy for critically ill patients like COVID-19/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lokesh V Thimmana
- Department of Zoology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kalpana Panati
- Department of Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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21
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Tian C, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhu P, Zhao M. Mitochondria Related Cell Death Modalities and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:832356. [PMID: 35321239 PMCID: PMC8935059 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.832356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as the centre of energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells. However, they can not only generate ATP through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation but also control the mode of cell death through various mechanisms, especially regulated cell death (RCD), such as apoptosis, mitophagy, NETosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, entosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, alkaliptosis, autosis, clockophagy and oxeiptosis. These mitochondria-associated modes of cell death can lead to a variety of diseases. During cell growth, these modes of cell death are programmed, meaning that they can be induced or predicted. Mitochondria-based treatments have been shown to be effective in many trials. Therefore, mitochondria have great potential for the treatment of many diseases. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria are involved in modes of cell death, as well as basic research and the latest clinical progress in related fields. We also detail a variety of organ system diseases related to mitochondria, including nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, digestive system diseases, respiratory diseases, endocrine diseases, urinary system diseases and cancer. We highlight the role that mitochondria play in these diseases and suggest possible therapeutic directions as well as pressing issues that need to be addressed today. Because of the key role of mitochondria in cell death, a comprehensive understanding of mitochondria can help provide more effective strategies for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuwen Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuoshu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Zhu, ; Mingyi Zhao,
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Zhu, ; Mingyi Zhao,
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22
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Audi SH, Jacobs ER, Taheri P, Ganesh S, Clough AV. Assessment of Protection Offered By the NRF2 Pathway Against Hyperoxia-Induced Acute Lung Injury in NRF2 Knockout Rats. Shock 2022; 57:274-280. [PMID: 34738958 PMCID: PMC8758548 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that responds to oxidative stress by activating expressions of key antioxidant and cytoprotective enzymes via the Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway. Our objective was to characterize hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI) in Nrf2 knock-out (KO) rats to elucidate the role of this pathway in HALI. Adult Nrf2 wildtype (WT), and KO rats were exposed to room air (normoxia) or >95% O2 (hyperoxia) for 48 h, after which selected injury and functional endpoints were measured in vivo and ex vivo. Results demonstrate that the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway provides some protection against HALI, as reflected by greater hyperoxia-induced histological injury and higher pulmonary endothelial filtration coefficient in KO versus WT rats. We observed larger hyperoxia-induced increases in lung expression of glutathione (GSH) synthetase, 3-nitrotyrosine (index of oxidative stress), and interleukin-1β, and in vivo lung uptake of the GSH-sensitive SPECT biomarker 99mTc-HMPAO in WT compared to KO rats. Hyperoxia also induced increases in lung expression of myeloperoxidase in both WT and KO rats, but with no difference between WT and KO. Hyperoxia had no effect on expression of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) or peroxiredoxin-1. These results suggest that the protection offered by the Nrf2-ARE pathway against HALI is in part via its regulation of the GSH redox pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the role of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in protection against HALI using a rat Nrf2 knockout model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said H. Audi
- Marquette University-Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Clement J. Zablocki V.A. Medical Center
| | - Elizabeth R. Jacobs
- Marquette University-Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Pardis Taheri
- Marquette University-Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Clement J. Zablocki V.A. Medical Center
| | - Swetha Ganesh
- Marquette University-Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Clement J. Zablocki V.A. Medical Center
| | - Anne V. Clough
- Clement J. Zablocki V.A. Medical Center
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Marquette University
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23
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Audi SH, Ganesh S, Taheri P, Zhang X, Dash RK, Clough AV, Jacobs ER. Depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential and protection with duroquinone in isolated perfused lungs from rats exposed to hyperoxia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:346-356. [PMID: 34941441 PMCID: PMC8816614 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00565.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) is a hallmark of mitochondrial dysfunction. Our objective was to use a previously developed experimental-computational approach to estimate tissue Δψm in intact lungs of rats exposed to hyperoxia and to evaluate the ability of duroquinone (DQ) to reverse any hyperoxia-induced depolarization of lung Δψm. Rats were exposed to hyperoxia (>95% O2) or normoxia (room air) for 48 h, after which lungs were excised and connected to a ventilation-perfusion system. The experimental protocol consisted of measuring the concentration of the fluorescent dye rhodamine 6 G (R6G) during three single-pass phases: loading, washing, and uncoupling, in which the lungs were perfused with and without R6G and with the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP, respectively. For normoxic lungs, the protocol was repeated with 1) rotenone (complex I inhibitor), 2) rotenone and either DQ or its vehicle (DMSO), and 3) rotenone, glutathione (GSH), and either DQ or DMSO added to the perfusate. Hyperoxic lungs were studied with and without DQ and GSH added to the perfusate. Computational modeling was used to estimate lung Δψm from R6G data. Rat exposure to hyperoxia resulted in partial depolarization (-33 mV) of lung Δψm and complex I inhibition depolarized lung Δψm by -83 mV. Results also demonstrate the efficacy of DQ to fully reverse both rotenone- and hyperoxia-induced lung Δψm depolarization. This study demonstrates hyperoxia-induced Δψm depolarization in intact lungs and the utility of this approach for assessing the impact of potential therapies such as exogenous quinones that target mitochondria in intact lungs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to measure hyperoxia-induced Δψm depolarization in isolated perfused lungs. Hyperoxia resulted in a partial depolarization of Δψm, which was fully reversed with duroquinone, demonstrating the utility of this approach for assessing the impact of potential therapies that target mitochondria such as exogenous quinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said H. Audi
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University-Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,2Clement J. Zablocki V.A. Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,3Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Swetha Ganesh
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University-Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Pardis Taheri
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University-Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Xiao Zhang
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University-Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ranjan K. Dash
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University-Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anne V. Clough
- 2Clement J. Zablocki V.A. Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,3Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,4Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Elizabeth R. Jacobs
- 2Clement J. Zablocki V.A. Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,3Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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24
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Thomas JM, Sudhadevi T, Basa P, Ha AW, Natarajan V, Harijith A. The Role of Sphingolipid Signaling in Oxidative Lung Injury and Pathogenesis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031254. [PMID: 35163176 PMCID: PMC8835774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature infants are born with developing lungs burdened by surfactant deficiency and a dearth of antioxidant defense systems. Survival rate of such infants has significantly improved due to advances in care involving mechanical ventilation and oxygen supplementation. However, a significant subset of such survivors develops the chronic lung disease, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), characterized by enlarged, simplified alveoli and deformed airways. Among a host of factors contributing to the pathogenesis is oxidative damage induced by exposure of the developing lungs to hyperoxia. Recent data indicate that hyperoxia induces aberrant sphingolipid signaling, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation (ROS). The role of sphingolipids such as ceramides and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), in the development of BPD emerged in the last decade. Both ceramide and S1P are elevated in tracheal aspirates of premature infants of <32 weeks gestational age developing BPD. This was faithfully reflected in the murine models of hyperoxia and BPD, where there is an increased expression of sphingolipid metabolites both in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage. Treatment of neonatal pups with a sphingosine kinase1 specific inhibitor, PF543, resulted in protection against BPD as neonates, accompanied by improved lung function and reduced airway remodeling as adults. This was accompanied by reduced mitochondrial ROS formation. S1P receptor1 induced by hyperoxia also aggravates BPD, revealing another potential druggable target in this pathway for BPD. In this review we aim to provide a detailed description on the role played by sphingolipid signaling in hyperoxia induced lung injury and BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya M. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.M.T.); (T.S.); (P.B.); (A.W.H.)
| | - Tara Sudhadevi
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.M.T.); (T.S.); (P.B.); (A.W.H.)
| | - Prathima Basa
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.M.T.); (T.S.); (P.B.); (A.W.H.)
| | - Alison W. Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.M.T.); (T.S.); (P.B.); (A.W.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.M.T.); (T.S.); (P.B.); (A.W.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(216)-286-7038
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25
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Jiang J, Wang J, Li C, Mo L, Huang D. Hyperoxia induces alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial function through small mothers against decapentaplegic 3 (SMAD3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Bioengineered 2021; 13:242-252. [PMID: 34898379 PMCID: PMC8805928 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2012953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation are widely used to treat and manage neonatal emergencies in critically ill newborns. However, they are often associated with adverse effects and result in conditions such as chronic lung disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Hence, aclear understanding of the mechanisms underlying hyperoxia-induced lung damage is crucial in order to mitigate the side effects of oxygen-based therapy. Here, we have established an in vitro model of hyperoxia-induced lung damage in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) and delineated the molecular basis of oxygen therapy-induced impaired alveolar development. Thus, AECIIs were exposed to a hyperoxic environment and their cell viability, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, mitochondrial integrity and dynamics, and energy metabolism were assessed. The results showed that hyperoxia has no significant effect as an inhibitor of SMAD3 and ERK1/2 in AECIIs, but leads to significant inhibition of cell viability. Further, hyperoxia was found to promote AECII apoptosis and mitochondrial, whereas chemical inhibition of SMAD3 or ERK1/2 further exacerbated the detrimental effects of hyperoxia in AECIIs. Overall, these findings presented herein demonstrate the critical role of SMAD/ERK signaling in the regulation of AECII behavior in varying oxygen environments. Thus, this study offers novel insights for the prevention of neonatal lung dysfunction in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Cen Li
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Lianqin Mo
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Dong Huang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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26
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Beyer AM, Norwood Toro LE, Hughes WE, Young M, Clough AV, Gao F, Medhora M, Audi SH, Jacobs ER. Autophagy, TERT, and mitochondrial dysfunction in hyperoxia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H985-H1003. [PMID: 34559580 PMCID: PMC8616608 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00166.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ventilation with gases containing enhanced fractions of oxygen is the cornerstone of therapy for patients with hypoxia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Yet, hyperoxia treatment increases free reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced lung injury, which is reported to disrupt autophagy/mitophagy. Altered extranuclear activity of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), plays a protective role in ROS injury and autophagy in the systemic and coronary endothelium. We investigated interactions between autophagy/mitophagy and TERT that contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and pulmonary injury in cultured rat lung microvascular endothelial cells (RLMVECs) exposed in vitro, and rat lungs exposed in vivo to hyperoxia for 48 h. Hyperoxia-induced mitochondrial damage in rat lungs [TOMM20, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)], which was paralleled by increased markers of inflammation [myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-1β, TLR9], impaired autophagy signaling (Beclin-1, LC3B-II/1, and p62), and decreased the expression of TERT. Mitochondrial-specific autophagy (mitophagy) was not altered, as hyperoxia increased expression of Pink1 but not Parkin. Hyperoxia-induced mitochondrial damage (TOMM20) was more pronounced in rats that lack the catalytic subunit of TERT and resulted in a reduction in cellular proliferation rather than cell death in RLMVECs. Activation of TERT or autophagy individually offset mitochondrial damage (MTT). Combined activation/inhibition failed to alleviate hyperoxic-induced mitochondrial damage in vitro, whereas activation of autophagy in vivo decreased mitochondrial damage (MTT) in both wild type (WT) and rats lacking TERT. Functionally, activation of either TERT or autophagy preserved transendothelial membrane resistance. Altogether, these observations show that activation of autophagy/mitophagy and/or TERT mitigate loss of mitochondrial function and barrier integrity in hyperoxia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells and in lungs exposed in vivo to hyperoxia, autophagy is activated, but clearance of autophagosomes is impaired in a manner that suggests cross talk between TERT and autophagy. Stimulation of autophagy prevents hyperoxia-induced decreases in mitochondrial metabolism and sustains monolayer resistance. Hyperoxia increases mitochondrial outer membrane (TOMM20) protein, decreases mitochondrial function, and reduces cellular proliferation without increasing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Beyer
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Laura E Norwood Toro
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - William E Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Micaela Young
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anne V Clough
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Research Service, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee Wisconsin
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Meetha Medhora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Research Service, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Said H Audi
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Research Service, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee Wisconsin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Elizabeth R Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Research Service, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee Wisconsin
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27
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Zhou M, Yu Y, Luo X, Wang J, Lan X, Liu P, Feng Y, Jian W. Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Therapeutics from a Mitochondria-Centric Perspective. Cardiology 2021; 146:781-792. [PMID: 34547747 DOI: 10.1159/000518879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronary arterial disease is the most common cardiovascular disease. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by the initial interruption of organ blood flow and subsequent restoration of organ blood flow is an important clinical problem with various cardiac reperfusion strategies after acute myocardial infarction. Even though blood flow recovery is necessary for oxygen and nutrient supply, reperfusion causes pathological sequelae that lead to the aggravation of ischemic injury. At present, although it is known that injury will occur after reperfusion, clinical treatment always focuses on immediate recanalization. Mitochondrial fusion, fission, biogenesis, autophagy, and their intricate interaction constitute an effective mitochondrial quality control system. The mitochondrial quality control system plays an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis and cell survival. The removal of damaged, aging, and dysfunctional mitochondria is mediated by mitochondrial autophagy. With the help of appropriate changes in mitochondrial dynamics, new mitochondria are produced through mitochondrial biogenesis to meet the energy needs of cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction and the resulting oxidative stress have been associated with the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which play a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of myocardial injury. This review aimed at elucidating the mitochondrial quality control system and establishing the possibility of using mitochondria as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of I/R injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China,
| | - Yunfeng Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxin Luo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaodong Lan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Feng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Weixiong Jian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,National Key Discipline of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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28
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Teixeira RB, Karbasiafshar C, Sabra M, Abid MR. Optimization of mito-roGFP protocol to measure mitochondrial oxidative status in human coronary artery endothelial cells. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100753. [PMID: 34458871 PMCID: PMC8377591 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Endothelial cells (ECs) produce most ATP through glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation; thus mitochondrial ROS production is lower than in other cell types. This makes quantification of changes in EC mitochondrial oxidative status challenging. Here, we present an optimized protocol using mitochondrial-targeted adenovirus-based redox sensor for ratiometric quantification of specific changes in mitochondrial ROS in live human coronary artery EC. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Waypa et al. (2010); Liao et al. (2020); Gao et al. (2021). An optimized protocol for measuring mitochondrial oxidative status of primary HCAEC Use of mito-roGFP adenovirus transduction Live imaging using reducing and oxidizing factors Applicable to other types of murine and human cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Brinck Teixeira
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Catherine Karbasiafshar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Mohamed Sabra
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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29
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Sharma A, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ali S, Syed MA. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in lung disorders. Life Sci 2021; 284:119876. [PMID: 34389405 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are biosynthetic, bioenergetic, and signaling organelles which are critical for physiological adaptations and cellular stress responses to the environment. Various endogenous and environmental stress affects critical processes in mitochondrial homeostasis such as oxidative phosphorylation, biogenesis, mitochondrial redox system which leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. The state of function of the mitochondrion is particularly dependent on the dynamic balance between mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and fission, and degradation of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy. Increasing evidence has suggested a prominent role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset and progression of various lung pathologies, ranging from acute to chronic disorders. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the emerging findings of multifaceted regulations of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in normal lung homeostasis as well as the prominence of mitochondrial dysfunction as a determining factor in different lung disorders such as lung cancer, COPD, IPF, ALI/ARDS, BPD, and asthma. The review will contribute to the existing understanding of critical molecular machinery regulating mitochondrial dynamic state during these pathological states. Furthermore, we have also highlighted various molecular checkpoints involved in mitochondrial dynamics, which may serve as hopeful therapeutic targets for the development of potential therapies for these lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Sharma
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shaniya Ahmad
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advance Research and Studies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shakir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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30
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Gagan JM, Cao K, Zhang YA, Zhang J, Davidson TL, Pastor JV, Moe OW, Hsia CCW. Constitutive transgenic alpha-Klotho overexpression enhances resilience to and recovery from murine acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L736-L749. [PMID: 34346778 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00629.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Normal lungs do not express alpha-Klotho (Klotho) protein but derive cytoprotection from circulating soluble Klotho. It is unclear whether chronic supranormal Klotho levels confer additional benefit. To address this, we tested the age-related effects of Klotho overexpression on acute lung injury (ALI) and recovery. METHODS Transgenic Klotho-overexpressing (Tg-Kl) and wild-type (WT) mice (2 and 6 months old) were exposed to hyperoxia (95% O2; 72 h) then returned to normoxia (21% O2; 24 h) (Hx-R). Control mice were kept in normoxia. Renal and serum Klotho, lung histology, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid oxidative damage markers were assessed. Effects of hyperoxia were tested in human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing Klotho. A549 lung epithelial cells transfected with Klotho cDNA or vector were exposed to cigarette smoke; lactate dehydrogenase and double-strand DNA breaks were measured. RESULTS Serum Klotho decreased with age. Hyperoxia suppressed renal Klotho at both ages and serum Klotho at 2-months of age. Tg-Kl mice at both ages and 2-months-old WT mice survived Hx-R; 6-months-old Tg-Kl mice showed lower lung damage than age-matched WT mice. Hyperoxia directly inhibited Klotho expression and release in vitro; Klotho transfection attenuated cigarette smoke-induced cytotoxicity and DNA double-strand breaks in lung epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Young animals with chronic high baseline Klotho expression are more resistant to ALI. Chronic constitutive Klotho overexpression in older Tg-Kl animals attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung damage and improves survival and short-term recovery despite an acute reduction in serum Klotho level during injury. We conclude that chronic enhancement of Klotho expression increases resilience to ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshuah M Gagan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Khoa Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yu-An Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Taylor L Davidson
- Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Johanne V Pastor
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Orson W Moe
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Connie C W Hsia
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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31
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Garcia D, Carr JF, Chan F, Peterson AL, Ellis KA, Scaffa A, Ghio AJ, Yao H, Dennery PA. Short exposure to hyperoxia causes cultured lung epithelial cell mitochondrial dysregulation and alveolar simplification in mice. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:58-65. [PMID: 33144707 PMCID: PMC8089115 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged exposure to high oxygen concentrations in premature infants, although lifesaving, can induce lung oxidative stress and increase the risk of developing BPD, a form of chronic lung disease. The lung alveolar epithelium is damaged by sustained hyperoxia, causing oxidative stress and alveolar simplification; however, it is unclear what duration of exposure to hyperoxia negatively impacts cellular function. METHODS Here we investigated the role of a very short exposure to hyperoxia (95% O2, 5% CO2) on mitochondrial function in cultured mouse lung epithelial cells and neonatal mice. RESULTS In epithelial cells, 4 h of hyperoxia reduced oxidative phosphorylation, respiratory complex I and IV activity, utilization of mitochondrial metabolites, and caused mitochondria to form elongated tubular networks. Cells allowed to recover in air for 24 h exhibited a persistent global reduction in fuel utilization. In addition, neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia for only 12 h demonstrated alveolar simplification at postnatal day 14. CONCLUSION A short exposure to hyperoxia leads to changes in lung cell mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics and has a long-term impact on alveolarization. These findings may help inform our understanding and treatment of chronic lung disease. IMPACT Many studies use long exposures (up to 14 days) to hyperoxia to mimic neonatal chronic lung disease. We show that even a very short exposure to hyperoxia leads to long-term cellular injury in type II-like epithelial cells. This study demonstrates that a short (4 h) period of hyperoxia has long-term residual effects on cellular metabolism. We show that neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia for a short time (12 h) demonstrate later alveolar simplification. This work suggests that any exposure to clinical hyperoxia leads to persistent lung dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jennifer F. Carr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Felix Chan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Abigail L. Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kimberlyn A. Ellis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alejandro Scaffa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Andrew J. Ghio
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Phyllis A. Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.,Corresponding author information: Phyllis A. Dennery; Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903; ; (401) 444-5648
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32
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Chang X, Lochner A, Wang HH, Wang S, Zhu H, Ren J, Zhou H. Coronary microvascular injury in myocardial infarction: perception and knowledge for mitochondrial quality control. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6766-6785. [PMID: 34093852 PMCID: PMC8171103 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) constitute the innermost layer in all blood vessels to maintain the structural integrity and microcirculation function for coronary microvasculature. Impaired endothelial function is demonstrated in various cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction (MI), which is featured by reduced myocardial blood flow as a result of epicardial coronary obstruction, thrombogenesis, and inflammation. In this context, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the function of coronary ECs is essential for the early diagnosis and optimal treatment of MI. Although ECs contain relatively fewer mitochondria compared with cardiomyocytes, they function as key sensors of environmental and cellular stress, in the regulation of EC viability, structural integrity and function. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) machineries respond to a broad array of stress stimuli to regulate fission, fusion, mitophagy and biogenesis in mitochondria. Impaired MQC is a cardinal feature of EC injury and dysfunction. Hence, medications modulating MQC mechanisms are considered as promising novel therapeutic options in MI. Here in this review, we provide updated insights into the key role of MQC mechanisms in coronary ECs and microvascular dysfunction in MI. We also discussed the option of MQC as a novel therapeutic target to delay, reverse or repair coronary microvascular damage in MI. Contemporary available MQC-targeted therapies with potential clinical benefits to alleviate coronary microvascular injury during MI are also summarized.
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33
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Xuefei Y, Xinyi Z, Qing C, Dan Z, Ziyun L, Hejuan Z, Xindong X, Jianhua F. Effects of Hyperoxia on Mitochondrial Homeostasis: Are Mitochondria the Hub for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642717. [PMID: 33996802 PMCID: PMC8120003 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism and redox reactions in the cell. Emerging data indicate that mitochondria play an essential role in physiological and pathological processes of neonatal lung development. Mitochondrial damage due to exposure to high concentrations of oxygen is an indeed important factor for simplification of lung structure and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), as reported in humans and rodent models. Here, we comprehensively review research that have determined the effects of oxygen environment on alveolar development and morphology, summarize changes in mitochondria under high oxygen concentrations, and discuss several mitochondrial mechanisms that may affect cell plasticity and their effects on BPD. Thus, the pathophysiological effects of mitochondria may provide insights into targeted mitochondrial and BPD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xuefei
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Zhao Xinyi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Cai Qing
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Zhang Dan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Liu Ziyun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Zheng Hejuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Xue Xindong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Fu Jianhua
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
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34
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Ihenacho UK, Meacham KA, Harwig MC, Widlansky ME, Hill RB. Mitochondrial Fission Protein 1: Emerging Roles in Organellar Form and Function in Health and Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:660095. [PMID: 33841340 PMCID: PMC8027123 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.660095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) was identified in yeast as being essential for mitochondrial division or fission and subsequently determined to mediate human mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. Yet, its exact functions in humans, especially in regard to mitochondrial fission, remains an enigma as genetic deletion of Fis1 elongates mitochondria in some cell types, but not others. Fis1 has also been identified as an important component of apoptotic and mitophagic pathways suggesting the protein may have multiple, essential roles. This review presents current perspectives on the emerging functions of Fis1 and their implications in human health and diseases, with an emphasis on Fis1's role in both endocrine and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey A. Meacham
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Megan Cleland Harwig
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael E. Widlansky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - R. Blake Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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35
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Snyder RJ, Kleeberger SR. Role of Mitochondrial DNA in Inflammatory Airway Diseases. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1485-1499. [PMID: 33577124 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome is a small, circular, and highly conserved piece of DNA which encodes only 13 protein subunits yet is vital for electron transport in the mitochondrion and, therefore, vital for the existence of multicellular life on Earth. Despite this importance, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is located in one of the least-protected areas of the cell, exposing it to high concentrations of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and threat from exogenous substances and pathogens. Until recently, the quality control mechanisms which ensured the stability of the nuclear genome were thought to be minimal or nonexistent in the mitochondria, and the thousands of redundant copies of mtDNA in each cell were believed to be the primary mechanism of protecting these genes. However, a vast network of mechanisms has been discovered that repair mtDNA lesions, replace and recycle mitochondrial chromosomes, and conduct alternate RNA processing for previously undescribed mitochondrial proteins. New mtDNA/RNA-dependent signaling pathways reveal a mostly undiscovered biochemical landscape in which the mitochondria interface with their host cells/organisms. As the myriad ways in which the function of the mitochondrial genome can affect human health have become increasingly apparent, the use of mitogenomic biomarkers (such as copy number and heteroplasmy) as toxicological endpoints has become more widely accepted. In this article, we examine several pathologies of human airway epithelium, including particle exposures, inflammatory diseases, and hyperoxia, and discuss the role of mitochondrial genotoxicity in the pathogenesis and/or exacerbation of these conditions. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1485-1499, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Snyder
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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36
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K 2P2.1 (TREK-1) potassium channel activation protects against hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22011. [PMID: 33319831 PMCID: PMC7738539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
No targeted therapies exist to counteract Hyperoxia (HO)-induced Acute Lung Injury (HALI). We previously found that HO downregulates alveolar K2P2.1 (TREK-1) K+ channels, which results in worsening lung injury. This decrease in TREK-1 levels leaves a subset of channels amendable to pharmacological intervention. Therefore, we hypothesized that TREK-1 activation protects against HALI. We treated HO-exposed mice and primary alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) with the novel TREK-1 activators ML335 and BL1249, and quantified physiological, histological, and biochemical lung injury markers. We determined the effects of these drugs on epithelial TREK-1 currents, plasma membrane potential (Em), and intracellular Ca2+ (iCa) concentrations using fluorometric assays, and blocked voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (CaV) as a downstream mechanism of cytokine secretion. Once-daily, intra-tracheal injections of HO-exposed mice with ML335 or BL1249 improved lung compliance, histological lung injury scores, broncho-alveolar lavage protein levels and cell counts, and IL-6 and IP-10 concentrations. TREK-1 activation also decreased IL-6, IP-10, and CCL-2 secretion from primary AECs. Mechanistically, ML335 and BL1249 induced TREK-1 currents in AECs, counteracted HO-induced cell depolarization, and lowered iCa2+ concentrations. In addition, CCL-2 secretion was decreased after L-type CaV inhibition. Therefore, Em stabilization with TREK-1 activators may represent a novel approach to counteract HALI.
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37
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Tretter V, Zach ML, Böhme S, Ullrich R, Markstaller K, Klein KU. Investigating Disturbances of Oxygen Homeostasis: From Cellular Mechanisms to the Clinical Practice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:947. [PMID: 32848874 PMCID: PMC7417655 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soon after its discovery in the 18th century, oxygen was applied as a therapeutic agent to treat severely ill patients. Lack of oxygen, commonly termed as hypoxia, is frequently encountered in different disease states and is detrimental to human life. However, at the end of the 19th century, Paul Bert and James Lorrain Smith identified what is known as oxygen toxicity. The molecular basis of this phenomenon is oxygen's readiness to accept electrons and to form different variants of aggressive radicals that interfere with normal cell functions. The human body has evolved to maintain oxygen homeostasis by different molecular systems that are either activated in the case of oxygen under-supply, or to scavenge and to transform oxygen radicals when excess amounts are encountered. Research has provided insights into cellular mechanisms of oxygen homeostasis and is still called upon in order to better understand related diseases. Oxygen therapy is one of the prime clinical interventions, as it is life saving, readily available, easy to apply and economically affordable. However, the current state of research also implicates a reconsidering of the liberal application of oxygen causing hyperoxia. Increasing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggest detrimental outcomes as a consequence of liberal oxygen therapy. In this review, we summarize concepts of cellular mechanisms regarding different forms of disturbed cellular oxygen homeostasis that may help to better define safe clinical application of oxygen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Tretter
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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38
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Rosdah AA, Smiles WJ, Oakhill JS, Scott JW, Langendorf CG, Delbridge LMD, Holien JK, Lim SY. New perspectives on the role of Drp1 isoforms in regulating mitochondrial pathophysiology. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107594. [PMID: 32473962 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles constantly undergoing fusion and fission. A concerted balance between the process of mitochondrial fusion and fission is required to maintain cellular health under different physiological conditions. Mutation and dysregulation of Drp1, the major driver of mitochondrial fission, has been associated with various neurological, oncological and cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, when subjected to pathological insults, mitochondria often undergo excessive fission, generating fragmented and dysfunctional mitochondria leading to cell death. Therefore, manipulating mitochondrial fission by targeting Drp1 has been an appealing therapeutic approach for cytoprotection. However, studies have been inconsistent. Studies employing Drp1 constructs representing alternate Drp1 isoforms, have demonstrated differing impacts of these isoforms on mitochondrial fission and cell death. Furthermore, there are distinct expression patterns of Drp1 isoforms in different tissues, suggesting idiosyncratic engagement in specific cellular functions. In this review, we will discuss these inherent variations among human Drp1 isoforms and how they could affect Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeshah A Rosdah
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William J Smiles
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W Scott
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Victoria, Australia; Protein Chemistry and Metabolism Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Langendorf
- Protein Chemistry and Metabolism Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica K Holien
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Structural Bioinformatics and Drug Discovery, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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39
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Singh C, Tran V, McCollum L, Bolok Y, Allan K, Yuan A, Hoppe G, Brunengraber H, Sears JE. Hyperoxia induces glutamine-fuelled anaplerosis in retinal Müller cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1277. [PMID: 32152301 PMCID: PMC7062830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although supplemental oxygen is required to promote survival of severely premature infants, hyperoxia is simultaneously harmful to premature developing tissues such as in the retina. Here we report the effect of hyperoxia on central carbon metabolism in primary mouse Müller glial cells and a human Müller glia cell line (M10-M1 cells). We found decreased flux from glycolysis entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Müller cells accompanied by increased glutamine consumption in response to hyperoxia. In hyperoxia, anaplerotic catabolism of glutamine by Müller cells increased ammonium release two-fold. Hyperoxia induces glutamine-fueled anaplerosis that reverses basal Müller cell metabolism from production to consumption of glutamine. Prematurely born babies need extra oxygen to survive, but this can cause damage to the eyes and lead to infant blindness. Here the authors show that this hyperoxia changes the metabolism of Müller cells in the retina such that they use up, rather than produce, glutamine and secrete excess ammonium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charandeep Singh
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Vincent Tran
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Leah McCollum
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Youstina Bolok
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Kristin Allan
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Alex Yuan
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - George Hoppe
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Henri Brunengraber
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan E Sears
- Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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40
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Audi SH, Cammarata A, Clough AV, Dash RK, Jacobs ER. Quantification of mitochondrial membrane potential in the isolated rat lung using rhodamine 6G. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:892-906. [PMID: 32134711 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00789.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) plays a key role in vital mitochondrial functions, and its dissipation is a hallmark of mitochondrial dysfunction. The objective of this study was to develop an experimental and computational approach for estimating Δψm in intact rat lungs using the lipophilic fluorescent cationic dye rhodamine 6G (R6G). Rat lungs were excised and connected to a ventilation-perfusion system. The experimental protocol consisted of three single-pass phases, loading, washing, and uncoupling, in which the lungs were perfused with R6G-containing perfusate, fresh R6G-free perfusate, or R6G-free perfusate containing the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP, respectively. This protocol was carried out with lung perfusate containing verapamil vehicle or verapamil, an inhibitor of the multidrug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Results show that the addition of FCCP resulted in an increase in R6G venous effluent concentration and that this increase was larger in the presence of verapamil than in its absence. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for the pulmonary disposition of R6G was developed and used for quantitative interpretation of the kinetic data, including estimating Δψm. The estimated value of Δψm [-144 ± 24 (SD) mV] was not significantly altered by inhibiting Pgp with verapamil and is comparable with that estimated previously in cultured pulmonary endothelial cells. These results demonstrate the utility of the proposed approach for quantifying Δψm in intact functioning lungs. This approach has potential to provide quantitative assessment of the effect of injurious conditions on lung mitochondrial function and to evaluate the impact of therapies that target mitochondria.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A novel experimental and computational approach for estimating mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) in intact functioning lungs is presented. The isolated rat lung inlet-outlet concentrations of the fluorescent cationic dye rhodamine 6G were measured and analyzed by using a computational model of its pulmonary disposition to determine Δψm. The approach has the potential to provide quantitative assessment of the effect of injurious conditions and their therapies on lung mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said H Audi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University-Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Clement J. Zablocki Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anthony Cammarata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University-Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anne V Clough
- Clement J. Zablocki Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ranjan K Dash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University-Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Elizabeth R Jacobs
- Clement J. Zablocki Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Lu HS, Schmidt AM, Hegele RA, Mackman N, Rader DJ, Weber C, Daugherty A. Annual Report on Sex in Preclinical Studies: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Publications in 2018. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 40:e1-e9. [PMID: 31869272 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong S Lu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (A.M.S.)
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.A.H.)
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (N.M.)
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Departments of Medicine and Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (D.J.R.)
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
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Li XF, Jiang D, Jiang YL, Yu H, Jiang JL, He LL, Yang XY, Yu H. PROtective Ventilation with a low versus high Inspiratory Oxygen fraction (PROVIO) and its effects on postoperative pulmonary complications: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:619. [PMID: 31675982 PMCID: PMC6823955 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are the most common perioperative complications following surgical site infection (SSI). They prolong the hospital stay and increase health care costs. A lung-protective ventilation strategy is considered better practice in abdominal surgery to prevent PPCs. However, the role of the inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2) in the strategy remains disputed. Previous trials have focused on reducing SSI by increasing the inhaled oxygen concentration but higher FiO2 (80%) was found to be associated with a greater incidence of atelectasis and mortality in recent research. The trial aims at evaluating the effect of different FiO2 added to the lung-protective ventilation strategy on the incidence of PPCs during general anesthesia for abdominal surgery. METHODS AND DESIGN PROtective Ventilation with a low versus high Inspiratory Oxygen fraction trial (PROVIO) is a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial planning to recruit 252 patients undergoing abdominal surgery lasting for at least 2 h. The patients will be randomly assigned to (1) a low-FiO2 (30% FiO2) group and (2) a high-FiO2 (80% FiO2) group in the lung-protective ventilation strategy. The primary outcome of the study is the occurrence of PPCs within the postoperative 7 days. Secondary outcomes include the severity grade of PPCs, the occurrence of postoperative extrapulmonary complications and all-cause mortality within the postoperative 7 and 30 days. DISCUSSION The PROVIO trial assesses the effect of low versus high FiO2 added to a lung-protective ventilation strategy on PPCs for abdominal surgery patients and the results should provide practical approaches to intraoperative oxygen management. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ChiCTR.org.cn , identifier: ChiCTR18 00014901 . Registered on 13 February 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Lian Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-Li Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei-Lei He
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Yang
- Department of Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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43
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Protective Features of Autophagy in Pulmonary Infection and Inflammatory Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020123. [PMID: 30717487 PMCID: PMC6406971 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process involving autolysosomal degradation of cellular components, including protein aggregates, damaged organelles (such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and others), as well as various pathogens. Thus, the autophagy pathway represents a major adaptive response for the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis in response to numerous cellular stressors. A growing body of evidence suggests that autophagy is closely associated with diverse human diseases. Specifically, acute lung injury (ALI) and inflammatory responses caused by bacterial infection or xenobiotic inhalation (e.g., chlorine and cigarette smoke) have been reported to involve a spectrum of alterations in autophagy phenotypes. The role of autophagy in pulmonary infection and inflammatory diseases could be protective or harmful dependent on the conditions. In this review, we describe recent advances regarding the protective features of autophagy in pulmonary diseases, with a focus on ALI, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and cystic fibrosis.
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Kiboub FZ, Møllerløkken A, Hjelde A, Flatberg A, Loennechen Ø, Eftedal I. Blood Gene Expression and Vascular Function Biomarkers in Professional Saturation Diving. Front Physiol 2018; 9:937. [PMID: 30061845 PMCID: PMC6054983 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saturation diving is an established way to conduct subsea operations with human intervention. While working, the divers must acclimatize to the hyperbaric environments. In this study, genome-wide gene expression and selected plasma biomarkers for vascular function were investigated. We also examined whether antioxidant vitamin supplements affected the outcome. The study included 20 male professional divers, 13 of whom took vitamin C and E supplements in doses of 1,000 and 30 mg daily during saturation periods that lasted 7-14 days. The dives were done in a heliox atmosphere with 40 kPa oxygen partial pressure (ppO2) to a depth of 100-115 m of sea-water (msw), from which the divers performed in-water work excursions to a maximum depth of 125 msw with 60 kPa ppO2. Venous blood was collected immediately before and after saturation. Following gene expression profiling, post-saturation gene activity changes were analyzed. Protein biomarkers for inflammation, endothelial function, and fibrinolysis: Il-6, CRP, ICAM-1, fibrinogen, and PAI-1, were measured in plasma. Post-saturation gene expression changes indicated acclimatization to elevated ppO2 by extensive downregulation of factors involved in oxygen transport, including heme, hemoglobin, and erythrocytes. Primary endogenous antioxidants; superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, and glutathione synthetase, were upregulated, and there was increased expression of genes involved in immune activity and inflammatory signaling pathways. The antioxidant vitamin supplements had no effect on post-saturation gene expression profiles or vascular function biomarkers, implying that the divers preserved their homeostasis through endogenous antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Z. Kiboub
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- TechnipFMC, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Andreas Møllerløkken
- Institute of Aviation Medicine, Norwegian Defense Medical Services, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Hjelde
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arnar Flatberg
- Microarray Core Facility, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Ingrid Eftedal
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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Zhang X, Dash RK, Jacobs ER, Camara AKS, Clough AV, Audi SH. Integrated computational model of the bioenergetics of isolated lung mitochondria. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197921. [PMID: 29889855 PMCID: PMC5995348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated computational modeling provides a mechanistic and quantitative framework for describing lung mitochondrial bioenergetics. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop and validate a thermodynamically-constrained integrated computational model of the bioenergetics of isolated lung mitochondria. The model incorporates the major biochemical reactions and transport processes in lung mitochondria. A general framework was developed to model those biochemical reactions and transport processes. Intrinsic model parameters such as binding constants were estimated using previously published isolated enzymes and transporters kinetic data. Extrinsic model parameters such as maximal reaction and transport velocities were estimated by fitting the integrated bioenergetics model to published and new tricarboxylic acid cycle and respirometry data measured in isolated rat lung mitochondria. The integrated model was then validated by assessing its ability to predict experimental data not used for the estimation of the extrinsic model parameters. For example, the model was able to predict reasonably well the substrate and temperature dependency of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, kinetics of NADH redox status, and the kinetics of mitochondrial accumulation of the cationic dye rhodamine 123, driven by mitochondrial membrane potential, under different respiratory states. The latter required the coupling of the integrated bioenergetics model to a pharmacokinetic model for the mitochondrial uptake of rhodamine 123 from buffer. The integrated bioenergetics model provides a mechanistic and quantitative framework for 1) integrating experimental data from isolated lung mitochondria under diverse experimental conditions, and 2) assessing the impact of a change in one or more mitochondrial processes on overall lung mitochondrial bioenergetics. In addition, the model provides important insights into the bioenergetics and respiration of lung mitochondria and how they differ from those of mitochondria from other organs. To the best of our knowledge, this model is the first for the bioenergetics of isolated lung mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ranjan K. Dash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Jacobs
- Zablocki V.A. Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amadou K. S. Camara
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Anne V. Clough
- Zablocki V.A. Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Said H. Audi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Zablocki V.A. Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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