1
|
Zhao N, Shao Z, Xia G, Liu H, Zhang L, Zhao X, Dang S, Qian L, Xu W, Yu Z, Wang R. Protective role of the CD73-A2AR axis in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy through negative feedback regulation of the NF-κB pathway. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1428551. [PMID: 39086479 PMCID: PMC11288852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1428551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial inflammation and apoptosis induced by cirrhosis are among the primary mechanisms of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. CD73, a common extracellular nucleotidase also known as 5'-nucleotidase, is associated with the progression of inflammation and immunity in multiple organs. However, the mechanism by which CD73 contributes to myocardial inflammation and apoptosis in cirrhosis remains unclear. Methods In this study, a cirrhotic cardiomyopathy model in mice was established by bile duct ligation. Myocardial-specific overexpression of CD73 was achieved by tail vein injection of AAV9 (adeno-associated virus)-cTNT-NT5E-mCherry, and cardiac function in mice was assessed using echocardiography. Myocardial inflammation infiltration and apoptosis were evaluated through pathological observation and ELISA assays. The expression of CD73, A2AR, apoptotic markers, and proteins related to the NF-κB pathway in myocardial tissue were measured. Results In the myocardial tissue of the cirrhotic cardiomyopathy mouse model, the expression of CD73 and A2AR increased. Overexpression of CD73 in the myocardium via AAV9 injection and stimulation of A2AR with CGS 21680 inhibited myocardial inflammation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by cirrhosis. Additionally, overexpression of CD73 suppressed the activation of the NF-κB pathway by upregulating the expression of the adenosine receptor A2A. Conclusion Our study reveals that the CD73/A2AR signaling axis mitigates myocardial inflammation and apoptosis induced by cirrhosis through negative feedback regulation of the NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenhao Shao
- Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guoqing Xia
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhao
- Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shipeng Dang
- Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lingling Qian
- Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruxing Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ferrante EA, Cudrici CD, Rashidi M, Fu YP, Huffstutler R, Carney K, Chen MY, St Hilaire C, Smith K, Bagheri H, Katz JD, Ferreira CR, Gahl WA, Boehm M, Brofferio A. Pilot study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of etidronate treatment for arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73 (ACDC). Vasc Med 2024; 29:245-255. [PMID: 38568107 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x241235669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73 (ACDC; OMIM 211800) is a rare genetic disease resulting in calcium deposits in arteries and small joints causing claudication, resting pain, severe joint pain, and deformities. Currently, there are no standard treatments for ACDC. Our previous work identified etidronate as a potential targeted ACDC treatment, using in vitro and in vivo disease models with patient-derived cells. In this study, we test the safety and effectiveness of etidronate in attenuating the progression of lower-extremity arterial calcification and vascular blood flow based on the computed tomography (CT) calcium score and ankle-brachial index (ABI). METHODS Seven adult patients with a confirmed genetic diagnosis of ACDC were enrolled in an open-label, nonrandomized, single-arm pilot study for etidronate treatment. They took etidronate daily for 14 days every 3 months and were examined at the NIH Clinical Center bi-annually for 3 years. They received a baseline evaluation as well as yearly follow up after treatment. Study visits included imaging studies, exercise tolerance tests with ABIs, clinical blood and urine testing, and full dental exams. RESULTS Etidronate treatment appeared to have slowed the progression of further vascular calcification in lower extremities as measured by CT but did not have an effect in reversing vascular and/or periarticular joint calcifications in our small ACDC cohort. CONCLUSIONS Etidronate was found to be safe and well tolerated by our patients and, despite the small sample size, appeared to show an effect in slowing the progression of calcification in our ACDC patient cohort.(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01585402).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa A Ferrante
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cornelia D Cudrici
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mahmood Rashidi
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Fu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca Huffstutler
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine Carney
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcus Y Chen
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia St Hilaire
- Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Smith
- Clinical Center Nursing Department, Hatfield Clinical Center at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hadi Bagheri
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James D Katz
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manfred Boehm
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alessandra Brofferio
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kauffenstein G, Martin L, Le Saux O. The Purinergic Nature of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:74. [PMID: 38392293 PMCID: PMC10886499 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE) is an inherited disease characterized by elastic fiber calcification in the eyes, the skin and the cardiovascular system. PXE results from mutations in ABCC6 that encodes an ABC transporter primarily expressed in the liver and kidneys. It took nearly 15 years after identifying the gene to better understand the etiology of PXE. ABCC6 function facilitates the efflux of ATP, which is sequentially hydrolyzed by the ectonucleotidases ENPP1 and CD73 into pyrophosphate (PPi) and adenosine, both inhibitors of calcification. PXE, together with General Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI caused by ENPP1 mutations) as well as Calcification of Joints and Arteries (CALJA caused by NT5E/CD73 mutations), forms a disease continuum with overlapping phenotypes and shares steps of the same molecular pathway. The explanation of these phenotypes place ABCC6 as an upstream regulator of a purinergic pathway (ABCC6 → ENPP1 → CD73 → TNAP) that notably inhibits mineralization by maintaining a physiological Pi/PPi ratio in connective tissues. Based on a review of the literature and our recent experimental data, we suggest that PXE (and GACI/CALJA) be considered as an authentic "purinergic disease". In this article, we recapitulate the pathobiology of PXE and review molecular and physiological data showing that, beyond PPi deficiency and ectopic calcification, PXE is associated with wide and complex alterations of purinergic systems. Finally, we speculate on the future prospects regarding purinergic signaling and other aspects of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Kauffenstein
- UMR INSERM 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ludovic Martin
- PXE Consultation Center, MAGEC Nord Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases, Angers University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- MITOVASC-UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM 1083, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Olivier Le Saux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ge GH, Wang QY, Zhang ZH, Zhang X, Guo S, Zhang TJ, Meng FH. Small molecular CD73 inhibitors: Recent progress and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116028. [PMID: 38086190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and development of the tumor are very complex biological processes. In recent years, a large number of research data shows that CD73 is closely related to tumor growth and metastasis. It has been confirmed that the cascade hydrolysis of extracellular ATP to adenosine is one of the most important immunosuppressive regulatory pathways in the tumor microenvironment. The metabolite adenosine can mediate immunosuppression by activating adenosine receptor (such as A2A) on effector Immune cells and enable tumor cells to achieve immune escape. Therefore, attenuating or completely removing adenosine-mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment by inhibiting CD73 is a promising approach in the treatment of solid tumors. This paper focuses on the research progress of CD73 enzyme and CD73 small molecule inhibitors, and is expected to provide some insights into the development of small-molecule antitumor drugs targeting CD73.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Hui Ge
- School of Pharmacy / Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Small Molecule Targeted Antitumor Drugs, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qiu-Yin Wang
- School of Pharmacy / Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Small Molecule Targeted Antitumor Drugs, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhen-Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy / Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Small Molecule Targeted Antitumor Drugs, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy / Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Small Molecule Targeted Antitumor Drugs, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- School of Pharmacy / Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Small Molecule Targeted Antitumor Drugs, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ting-Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy / Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Small Molecule Targeted Antitumor Drugs, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Fan-Hao Meng
- School of Pharmacy / Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Small Molecule Targeted Antitumor Drugs, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
O'Neill WC. An Alternate Explanation. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1250-1251. [PMID: 37754299 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2305289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
|
6
|
Pinto-Cardoso R, Bessa-Andrês C, Correia-de-Sá P, Bernardo Noronha-Matos J. Could hypoxia rehabilitate the osteochondral diseased interface? Lessons from the interplay of hypoxia and purinergic signals elsewhere. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115646. [PMID: 37321413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The osteochondral unit comprises the articular cartilage (90%), subchondral bone (5%) and calcified cartilage (5%). All cells present at the osteochondral unit that is ultimately responsible for matrix production and osteochondral homeostasis, such as chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes, can release adenine and/or uracil nucleotides to the local microenvironment. Nucleotides are released by these cells either constitutively or upon plasma membrane damage, mechanical stress or hypoxia conditions. Once in the extracellular space, endogenously released nucleotides can activate membrane-bound purinoceptors. Activation of these receptors is fine-tuning regulated by nucleotides' breakdown by enzymes of the ecto-nucleotidase cascade. Depending on the pathophysiological conditions, both the avascular cartilage and the subchondral bone subsist to significant changes in oxygen tension, which has a tremendous impact on tissue homeostasis. Cell stress due to hypoxic conditions directly influences the expression and activity of several purinergic signalling players, namely nucleotide release channels (e.g. Cx43), NTPDase enzymes and purinoceptors. This review gathers experimental evidence concerning the interplay between hypoxia and the purinergic signalling cascade contributing to osteochondral unit homeostasis. Reporting deviations to this relationship resulting from pathological alterations of articular joints may ultimately unravel novel therapeutic targets for osteochondral rehabilitation. At this point, one can only hypothesize how hypoxia mimetic conditions can be beneficial to the ex vivo expansion and differentiation of osteo- and chondro-progenitors for auto-transplantation and tissue regenerative purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pinto-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Catarina Bessa-Andrês
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - José Bernardo Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP).
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
CD73: Friend or Foe in Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065545. [PMID: 36982618 PMCID: PMC10056814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) plays a strategic role in calibrating the magnitude and chemical nature of purinergic signals that are delivered to immune cells. Its primary function is to convert extracellular ATP to adenosine in concert with ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39) in normal tissues to limit an excessive immune response in many pathophysiological events, such as lung injury induced by a variety of contributing factors. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the location of CD73, in proximity to adenosine receptor subtypes, indirectly determines its positive or negative effect in a variety of organs and tissues and that its action is affected by the transfer of nucleoside to subtype-specific adenosine receptors. Nonetheless, the bidirectional nature of CD73 as an emerging immune checkpoint in the pathogenesis of lung injury is still unknown. In this review, we explore the relationship between CD73 and the onset and progression of lung injury, highlighting the potential value of this molecule as a drug target for the treatment of pulmonary disease.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ndzie Noah ML, Adzika GK, Mprah R, Adekunle AO, Koda S, Adu-Amankwaah J, Xu Y, Kanwore K, Wowui PI, Sun H. Estrogen downregulates CD73/adenosine axis hyperactivity via adaptive modulation PI3K/Akt signaling to prevent myocarditis and arrhythmias during chronic catecholamines stress. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:41. [PMID: 36823590 PMCID: PMC9948346 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During myocardial damage, the sex hormone estrogen and CD73, the main enzyme that converts AMP into adenosine, are cardioprotective molecules. However, it is unclear how these two molecules work together to provide cardioprotection. The current study aimed to elucidate the interaction between estrogen and CD73 under chronic stress. METHODS Ovariectomy and SHAM operations were done on FVB wild-type (WT) female mice. Two weeks after the operation, the mice were treated with daily isoproterenol (10 mg/kg/day) injections for 14 days. The effect of E2 on relevant cardiac injury biomarkers (BNP, ANP), myocardial morphology (cardiomyocyte surface area), electrocardiography, CD73 protein expression and activity, and macrophage (CD86 + and CD206 +) infiltrations were assessed. In vitro, H9C2 cells were treated with 1 nM of estrogen and 10 mM APCP (CD73 inhibitor α, β-methylene adenosine-5'-diphosphate), 10 µM isoproterenol and 20 µm LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) for 24 h and western blot was done to elucidate the mechanism behind the effect of estrogen on the CD73/adenosine axis. RESULTS Estrogen deficiency during chronic catecholamine stress caused myocardial injury, thereby triggering the hyperactivity of the CD73/adenosine axis, which aggravated myocarditis, adverse remodeling, and arrhythmias. However, estrogen normalizes CD73/Adenosine axis via the upregulation of PI3K/Akt pathways to prevent adverse outcomes during stress. In vivo results showed that the inhibition of PI3K significantly decreased PI3K/Akt pathways while upregulating the CD73/adenosine axis and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Estrogen's pleiotropy cardioprotection mechanism during stress includes its normalization of the CD73/Adenosine axis via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Louise Ndzie Noah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, XuzhouJiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Gabriel Komla Adzika
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, XuzhouJiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Richard Mprah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, XuzhouJiangsu, 221004, China
| | | | - Stephane Koda
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Joseph Adu-Amankwaah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, XuzhouJiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Yaxin Xu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, XuzhouJiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Kouminin Kanwore
- Public Experimental Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Prosperl Ivette Wowui
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, XuzhouJiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, XuzhouJiangsu, 221004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia St Hilaire
- Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, Division of Cardiology, and the Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cuevas RA, Wong R, Joolharzadeh P, Moorhead WJ, Chu CC, Callahan J, Crane A, Boufford CK, Parise AM, Parwal A, Behzadi P, St Hilaire C. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (Nt5e/CD73)-mediated adenosine signaling attenuates TGFβ-2 induced elastin and cellular contraction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C327-C338. [PMID: 36503240 PMCID: PMC9902218 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00054.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73 (ACDC) is a rare genetic disease caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the NT5E gene encoding the ecto-5'-nucleotidase (cluster of differentiation 73, CD73) enzyme. Patients with ACDC develop vessel arteriomegaly, tortuosity, and vascular calcification in their lower extremity arteries. Histological analysis shows that patients with ACDC vessels exhibit fragmented elastin fibers similar to that seen in aneurysmal-like pathologies. It is known that alterations in transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway signaling contribute to this elastin phenotype in several connective tissue diseases, as TGFβ regulates extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Our study investigates whether CD73-derived adenosine modifies TGFβ signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We show that Nt5e-/- SMCs have elevated contractile markers and elastin gene expression compared with Nt5e+/+ SMCs. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (Nt5e)-deficient SMCs exhibit increased TGFβ-2 and activation of small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling, elevated elastin transcript and protein, and potentiate SMC contraction. These effects were diminished when the A2b adenosine receptor was activated. Our results identify a novel link between adenosine and TGFβ signaling, where adenosine signaling via the A2b adenosine receptor attenuates TGFβ signaling to regulate SMC homeostasis. We discuss how disruption in adenosine signaling is implicated in ACDC vessel tortuosity and could potentially contribute to other aneurysmal pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolando A Cuevas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan Wong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pouya Joolharzadeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William J Moorhead
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Claire C Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jack Callahan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alex Crane
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Camille K Boufford
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Angelina M Parise
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aneesha Parwal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Parya Behzadi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia St Hilaire
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lau H, Han DW, Park J, Lehner E, Kals C, Arzt C, Bayer E, Auer D, Schally T, Grasmann E, Fang H, Lee J, Lee HS, Han J, Gimona M, Rohde E, Bae S, Oh SW. GMP-compliant manufacturing of biologically active cell-derived vesicles produced by extrusion technology. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e70. [PMID: 38938599 PMCID: PMC11080851 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by a variety of cell types have been shown to act as a natural delivery system for bioactive molecules such as RNAs and proteins. EV therapy holds great promise as a safe and cell-free therapy for many immunological and degenerative diseases. However, translation to clinical application is limited by several factors, including insufficient large-scale manufacturing technologies and low yield. We have developed a novel drug delivery platform technology, BioDrone™, based on cell-derived vesicles (CDVs) produced from diverse cell sources by using a proprietary extrusion process. This extrusion technology generates nanosized vesicles in far greater numbers than naturally obtained EVs. We demonstrate that the CDVs are surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane with a correct membrane topology. Physical, biochemical and functional characterisation results demonstrate the potential of CDVs to act as effective therapeutics. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC)-derived CDVs exhibit a biological activity that is similar to UCMSCs or UCMSC-derived EVs. Lastly, we present the establishment of a GMP-compliant process to allow the production of a large number of UCMSC-CDVs in a reproducible manner. GMP-compliant manufacturing of CDVs will facilitate the preclinical and clinical evaluation of these emerging therapeutics in anti-inflammatory or regenerative medicine. This study also represents a crucial step in the development of this novel drug delivery platform based on CDVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong Woo Han
- BioDrone Research InstituteMDimune Inc.SeoulKorea
| | - Jinhee Park
- BioDrone Research InstituteMDimune Inc.SeoulKorea
| | - Edwine Lehner
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Carina Kals
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Claudia Arzt
- Transfer Centre for Extracellular Vesicle Theralytic Technologies (EV‐TT)SalzburgAustria
| | - Elisabeth Bayer
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Daniela Auer
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Tanja Schally
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Eva Grasmann
- Transfer Centre for Extracellular Vesicle Theralytic Technologies (EV‐TT)SalzburgAustria
| | - Han Fang
- Transfer Centre for Extracellular Vesicle Theralytic Technologies (EV‐TT)SalzburgAustria
| | - Jae‐Young Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Jinah Han
- BioDrone Therapeutics Inc.SeattleUSA
| | - Mario Gimona
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Transfer Centre for Extracellular Vesicle Theralytic Technologies (EV‐TT)SalzburgAustria
- Research Program “Nanovesicular Therapies”Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Eva Rohde
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University HospitalSalzburger Landeskliniken GesmbH (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Shingyu Bae
- BioDrone Research InstituteMDimune Inc.SeoulKorea
| | - Seung Wook Oh
- BioDrone Research InstituteMDimune Inc.SeoulKorea
- BioDrone Therapeutics Inc.SeattleUSA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yegutkin GG, Boison D. ATP and Adenosine Metabolism in Cancer: Exploitation for Therapeutic Gain. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:797-822. [PMID: 35738682 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an evolutionary ancient metabolic regulator linking energy state to physiologic processes, including immunomodulation and cell proliferation. Tumors create an adenosine-rich immunosuppressive microenvironment through the increased release of ATP from dying and stressed cells and its ectoenzymatic conversion into adenosine. Therefore, the adenosine pathway becomes an important therapeutic target to improve the effectiveness of immune therapies. Prior research has focused largely on the two major ectonucleotidases, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1/cluster of differentiation (CD)39 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73, which catalyze the breakdown of extracellular ATP into adenosine, and on the subsequent activation of different subtypes of adenosine receptors with mixed findings of antitumor and protumor effects. New findings, needed for more effective therapeutic approaches, require consideration of redundant pathways controlling intratumoral adenosine levels, including the alternative NAD-inactivating pathway through the CD38-ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase (ENPP)1-CD73 axis, the counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathway, and cellular adenosine uptake and its phosphorylation by adenosine kinase. This review provides a holistic view of extracellular and intracellular adenosine metabolism as an integrated complex network and summarizes recent data on the underlying mechanisms through which adenosine and its precursors ATP and ADP control cancer immunosurveillance, tumor angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, cancer-associated thrombosis, blood flow, and tumor perfusion. Special attention is given to differences and commonalities in the purinome of different cancers, heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, subcellular compartmentalization of the adenosine system, and novel roles of purine-converting enzymes as targets for cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The discovery of the role of adenosine as immune checkpoint regulator in cancer has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting extracellular adenosine metabolism and signaling in multiple clinical trials and preclinical models. Here we identify major gaps in knowledge that need to be filled to improve the therapeutic gain from agents targeting key components of the adenosine metabolic network and, on this basis, provide a holistic view of the cancer purinome as a complex and integrated network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennady G Yegutkin
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson and New Jersey Medical Schools, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (D.B.); and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey (D.B.)
| | - Detlev Boison
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson and New Jersey Medical Schools, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (D.B.); and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey (D.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Allard D, Chrobak P, Bareche Y, Allard B, Tessier P, Bergeron MA, Johnson NA, Stagg J. CD73 Promotes Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133130. [PMID: 35804900 PMCID: PMC9264813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) still fail current therapies. CD73 is a novel therapeutic target for solid tumors, but its role in CLL remains unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting CD73 in CLL. Using genetically engineered mice, our study reports a pro-leukemic role for CD73 in an autochthonous mouse model of CLL. Furthermore, we observed an association between PD-L1 expression on CLL cells and adenosine signaling according to sex. Our findings provide a rationale for targeting CD73 in CLL in combination with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies and suggest that sex may contribute to responses to adenosine-targeting agents. Abstract The ecto-nucleotidase CD73 is an important immune checkpoint in tumor immunity that cooperates with CD39 to hydrolyze pro-inflammatory extracellular ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine. While the role of CD73 in immune evasion of solid cancers is well established, its role in leukemia remains unclear. To investigate the role of CD73 in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Eµ-TCL1 transgenic mice that spontaneously develop CLL were crossed with CD73−/− mice. Disease progression in peripheral blood and spleen, and CLL markers were evaluated by flow cytometry and survival was compared to CD73-proficient Eµ-TCL1 transgenic mice. We observed that CD73 deficiency significantly delayed CLL progression and prolonged survival in Eµ-TCL1 transgenic mice, and was associated with increased accumulation of IFN-γ+ T cells and effector-memory CD8+ T cells. Neutralizing IFN-γ abrogated the survival advantage of CD73-deficient Eµ-TCL1 mice. Intriguingly, the beneficial effects of CD73 deletion were restricted to male mice. In females, CD73 deficiency was uniquely associated with the upregulation of CD39 in normal lymphocytes and sustained high PD-L1 expression on CLL cells. In vitro studies revealed that adenosine signaling via the A2a receptor enhanced PD-L1 expression on Eµ-TCL1-derived CLL cells, and a genomic analysis of human CLL samples found that PD-L1 correlated with adenosine signaling. Our study, thus, identified CD73 as a pro-leukemic immune checkpoint in CLL and uncovered a previously unknown sex bias for the CD73-adenosine pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.A.); (P.C.); (Y.B.); (B.A.); (P.T.); (M.A.B.)
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Pavel Chrobak
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.A.); (P.C.); (Y.B.); (B.A.); (P.T.); (M.A.B.)
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Yacine Bareche
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.A.); (P.C.); (Y.B.); (B.A.); (P.T.); (M.A.B.)
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Bertrand Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.A.); (P.C.); (Y.B.); (B.A.); (P.T.); (M.A.B.)
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Priscilla Tessier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.A.); (P.C.); (Y.B.); (B.A.); (P.T.); (M.A.B.)
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marjorie A. Bergeron
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.A.); (P.C.); (Y.B.); (B.A.); (P.T.); (M.A.B.)
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Nathalie A. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (D.A.); (P.C.); (Y.B.); (B.A.); (P.T.); (M.A.B.)
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kristóf Z, Baranyi M, Tod P, Mut-Arbona P, Demeter K, Bitter I, Sperlágh B. Elevated Serum Purine Levels in Schizophrenia: A Reverse Translational Study to Identify Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:645-659. [PMID: 35443035 PMCID: PMC9380717 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological markers and related signaling molecules in the blood are altered in schizophrenia mouse models, in acutely relapsed patients with schizophrenia, and in persons at a clinically high risk for subsequently developing psychosis, highlighting their potential as prognostic and theranostic biomarkers. Therefore, we herein aimed to identify novel potential biomarkers in the serum that are associated with purinergic signaling. METHODS To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the correlations among the levels of human serum adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP), adenosine, P2X7 receptor, and disease activity in patients hospitalized due to an acute relapse of schizophrenia (n = 53) and healthy controls (n = 47). In addition, to validate these findings using a reverse translational approach, we examined the same parameters in an acute phencyclidine-induced schizophrenia mouse model. RESULTS We found consistently elevated levels of ATP, ADP, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in both schizophrenia groups compared with the controls. The levels of adenosine, IL-1β, IL-12, and C-reactive protein were also increased in the human patient samples. Moreover, ATP and ADP were significantly positively correlated with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale item "lack of judgment and insight"; IL-1β, IL-12, and tumour necrosis factor alpha were significantly positively correlated with "tension" and "depression"; and "disorientation" and "poor attention" were correlated significantly with IL-6 and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the promising potential of blood purines and inflammatory markers as future prognostic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsüliet Kristóf
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary,Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Baranyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Tod
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paula Mut-Arbona
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary,János Szentágothai Neuroscience Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornél Demeter
- Behavior Unit, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Beáta Sperlágh
- Correspondence: Beáta Sperlágh, MD, PhD, 1083 Budapest, Szigony 43, Hungary ()
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
St. Hilaire C. Medial Arterial Calcification: A Significant and Independent Contributor of Peripheral Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:253-260. [PMID: 35081727 PMCID: PMC8866228 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over 200 million individuals worldwide are estimated to have peripheral artery disease (PAD). Although the term peripheral can refer to any outer branch of the vasculature, the focus of this review is on lower-extremity arteries. The initial sequelae of PAD often include movement-induced cramping pain in the hips and legs or loss of hair and thinning of the skin on the lower limbs. PAD progresses, sometimes rapidly, to cause nonhealing ulcers and critical limb ischemia which adversely affects mobility and muscle tone; acute limb ischemia is a medical emergency. PAD causes great pain and a high risk of amputation and ultimately puts patients at significant risk for major adverse cardiovascular events. The negative impact on patients' quality of life, as well as the medical costs incurred, are huge. Atherosclerotic plaques are one cause of PAD; however, emerging clinical data now shows that nonatherosclerotic medial arterial calcification (MAC) is an equal and distinct contributor. This ATVB In Focus article will present the recent clinical findings on the prevalence and impact of MAC in PAD, discuss the known pathways that contribute specifically to MAC in the lower extremity, and highlight gaps in knowledge and tools that limit our understanding of MAC pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia St. Hilaire
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Scortichini M, Idris RM, Moschütz S, Keim A, Salmaso V, Dobelmann C, Oliva P, Losenkova K, Irjala H, Vaittinen S, Sandholm J, Yegutkin GG, Sträter N, Junker A, Müller CE, Jacobson KA. Structure-Activity Relationship of 3-Methylcytidine-5'-α,β-methylenediphosphates as CD73 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2409-2433. [PMID: 35080883 PMCID: PMC8865918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported N4-substituted 3-methylcytidine-5'-α,β-methylenediphosphates as CD73 inhibitors, potentially useful in cancer immunotherapy. We now expand the structure-activity relationship of pyrimidine nucleotides as human CD73 inhibitors. 4-Chloro (MRS4598 16; Ki = 0.673 nM) and 4-iodo (MRS4620 18; Ki = 0.436 nM) substitution of the N4-benzyloxy group decreased Ki by ∼20-fold. Primary alkylamine derivatives coupled through a p-amido group with a varying methylene chain length (24 and 25) were functionalized congeners, for subsequent conjugation to carrier or reporter moieties. X-ray structures of hCD73 with two inhibitors indicated a ribose ring conformational adaptation, and the benzyloxyimino group (E configuration) binds to the same region (between the C-terminal and N-terminal domains) as N4-benzyl groups in adenine inhibitors. Molecular dynamics identified stabilizing interactions and predicted conformational diversity. Thus, by N4-benzyloxy substitution, we have greatly enhanced the inhibitory potency and added functionality enabling molecular probes. Their potential as anticancer drugs was confirmed by blocking CD73 activity in tumor tissues in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Scortichini
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Riham Mohammed Idris
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Moschütz
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Keim
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Clemens Dobelmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Paola Oliva
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | - Heikki Irjala
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and Turku University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Samuli Vaittinen
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital and Turku University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jouko Sandholm
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Norbert Sträter
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Junker
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
St. Hilaire C, Jansen F, Goettsch C. Editorial: Comorbidities and Aortic Valve Stenosis: Molecular Mechanism, Risk Factors and Novel Therapeutic Options. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:811310. [PMID: 35059452 PMCID: PMC8765718 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.811310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia St. Hilaire
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Cynthia St. Hilaire
| | - Felix Jansen
- Heart Center Bonn, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Felix Jansen
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I—Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Claudia Goettsch
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hesse J, Rosse MK, Steckel B, Blank-Landeshammer B, Idel S, Reinders Y, Sickmann A, Sträter N, Schrader J. Mono-ADP-ribosylation sites of human CD73 inhibit its adenosine-generating enzymatic activity. Purinergic Signal 2021; 18:115-121. [PMID: 34961895 PMCID: PMC8850506 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CD73-derived adenosine plays a major role in damage-induced tissue responses by inhibiting inflammation. Damage-associated stimuli, such as hypoxia and mechanical stress, induce the cellular release of ATP and NAD+ and upregulate the expression of the nucleotide-degrading purinergic ectoenzyme cascade, including adenosine-generating CD73. Extracellular NAD+ also serves as substrate for mono-ADP-ribosylation of cell surface proteins, which in human cells is mediated by ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 (ARTC1). Here we explored, whether human CD73 enzymatic activity is regulated by mono-ADP-ribosylation, using recombinant human CD73 in the presence of ARTC1 with etheno-labelled NAD+ as substrate. Multi-colour immunoblotting with an anti-etheno-adenosine antibody showed ARTC1-mediated transfer of ADP-ribose together with the etheno label to CD73. HPLC analysis of the enzymatic activity of in vitro-ribosylated CD73 revealed strong inhibition of adenosine generation in comparison to non-ribosylated CD73. Mass spectrometry of in vitro-ribosylated CD73 identified six ribosylation sites. 3D model analysis indicated that three of them (R328, R354, R545) can interfere with CD73 enzymatic activity. Our study identifies human CD73 as target for ARTC1-mediated mono-ADP-ribosylation, which can profoundly modulate its adenosine-generating activity. Thus, in settings with enhanced release of NAD+ as substrate for ARTC1, assessment of CD73 protein expression in human tissues may not be predictive of adenosine formation resulting in anti-inflammatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hesse
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mona K Rosse
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Steckel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Svenja Idel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yvonne Reinders
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tintut Y, Honda HM, Demer LL. Biomolecules Orchestrating Cardiovascular Calcification. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101482. [PMID: 34680115 PMCID: PMC8533507 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification, once considered a degenerative, end-stage, and inevitable condition, is now recognized as a complex process regulated in a manner similar to skeletal bone at the molecular and cellular levels. Since the initial discovery of bone morphogenetic protein in calcified human atherosclerotic lesions, decades of research have now led to the recognition that the regulatory mechanisms and the biomolecules that control cardiovascular calcification overlap with those controlling skeletal mineralization. In this review, we focus on key biomolecules driving the ectopic calcification in the circulation and their regulation by metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory stimuli. Although calcium deposits in the vessel wall introduce rupture stress at their edges facing applied tensile stress, they simultaneously reduce rupture stress at the orthogonal edges, leaving the net risk of plaque rupture and consequent cardiac events depending on local material strength. A clinically important consequence of the shared mechanisms between the vascular and bone tissues is that therapeutic agents designed to inhibit vascular calcification may adversely affect skeletal mineralization and vice versa. Thus, it is essential to consider both systems when developing therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.T.); (H.M.H.)
- Department of Physiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Henry M. Honda
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.T.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Linda L. Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.T.); (H.M.H.)
- Department of Physiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(310)-206-2677
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alcedo KP, Bowser JL, Snider NT. The elegant complexity of mammalian ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:829-842. [PMID: 34116887 PMCID: PMC8448938 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is a fundamental mechanism used by all cells to control their internal activities and interact with the environment. A key component of the purinergic system, the enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) catalyzes the last step in the extracellular metabolism of ATP to form adenosine. Efforts to harness the therapeutic potential of endogenous adenosine in cancer have culminated in the ongoing clinical development of multiple CD73-targeting antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors. However, recent studies are painting an increasingly complex picture of CD73 mRNA and protein regulation and function in cellular homeostasis, physiological adaptation, and disease development. This review discusses the latest conceptual and methodological advances that are helping to unravel the complexity of this important enzyme that was identified nearly 90 years ago.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karel P Alcedo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jessica L Bowser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Natasha T Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lanzer P, Hannan FM, Lanzer JD, Janzen J, Raggi P, Furniss D, Schuchardt M, Thakker R, Fok PW, Saez-Rodriguez J, Millan A, Sato Y, Ferraresi R, Virmani R, St Hilaire C. Medial Arterial Calcification: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:1145-1165. [PMID: 34503684 PMCID: PMC8439554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Medial arterial calcification (MAC) is a chronic systemic vascular disorder distinct from atherosclerosis that is frequently but not always associated with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and aging. MAC is also a part of more complex phenotypes in numerous less common diseases. The hallmarks of MAC include disseminated and progressive precipitation of calcium phosphate within the medial layer, a prolonged and clinically silent course, and compromise of hemodynamics associated with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. MAC increases the risk of complications during vascular interventions and mitigates their outcomes. With the exception of rare monogenetic defects affecting adenosine triphosphate metabolism, MAC pathogenesis remains unknown, and causal therapy is not available. Implementation of genetics and omics-based approaches in research recognizing the critical importance of calcium phosphate thermodynamics holds promise to unravel MAC molecular pathogenesis and to provide guidance for therapy. The current state of knowledge concerning MAC is reviewed, and future perspectives are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lanzer
- Middle German Heart Center-Bitterfeld, Bitterfeld-Wolfen Health Care Center, Bitterfeld, Germany.
| | - Fadil M Hannan
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jan D Lanzer
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Paolo Raggi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dominic Furniss
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mirjam Schuchardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität and Humboldt Universität Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rajesh Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pak-Wing Fok
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angel Millan
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yu Sato
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Cynthia St Hilaire
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. In Search of a Role for Extracellular Purine Enzymes in Bone Function. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050679. [PMID: 33946568 PMCID: PMC8147220 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the major tissues that undergoes continuous remodeling throughout life, thus ensuring both organic body growth during development and protection of internal organs as well as repair of trauma during adulthood. Many endogenous substances contribute to bone homeostasis, including purines. Their role has increasingly emerged in recent decades as compounds which, by interacting with specific receptors, can help determine adequate responses of bone cells to physiological or pathological stimuli. Equally, it is recognized that the activity of purines is closely dependent on their interconversion or metabolic degradation ensured by a series of enzymes present at extracellular level as predominantly bound to the cell membrane or, also, as soluble isoforms. While the effects of purines mediated by their receptor interactions have sufficiently, even though not entirely, been characterized in many tissues including bone, those promoted by the extracellular enzymes providing for purine metabolism have not been. In this review, we will try to circumstantiate the presence and the role of these enzymes in bone to define their close relationship with purine activities in maintaining bone homeostasis in normal or pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- StemTeCh Group, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease sits at the confluence of multiple world-wide epidemics of aging, obesity, diabetes, and renal dysfunction, and its prevalence is expected to nearly triple over the next 3 decades. This is of particularly dire clinical relevance, as calcific aortic valve disease can progress rapidly to aortic stenosis, heart failure, and eventually premature death. Unlike in atherosclerosis, and despite the heavy clinical toll, to date, no pharmacotherapy has proven effective to halt calcific aortic valve disease progression, with invasive and costly aortic valve replacement representing the only treatment option currently available. This substantial gap in care is largely because of our still-limited understanding of both normal aortic valve biology and the key regulatory mechanisms that drive disease initiation and progression. Drug discovery is further hampered by the inherent intricacy of the valvular microenvironment: a unique anatomic structure, a complex mixture of dynamic biomechanical forces, and diverse and multipotent cell populations collectively contributing to this currently intractable problem. One promising and rapidly evolving tactic is the application of multiomics approaches to fully define disease pathogenesis. Herein, we summarize the application of (epi)genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to the study of valvular heart disease. We also discuss recent forays toward the omics-based characterization of valvular (patho)biology at single-cell resolution; these efforts promise to shed new light on cellular heterogeneity in healthy and diseased valvular tissues and represent the potential to efficaciously target and treat key cell subpopulations. Last, we discuss systems biology- and network medicine-based strategies to extract meaning, mechanisms, and prioritized drug targets from multiomics datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Blaser
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Kraler
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, CH
| | - Thomas F. Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, CH
- Heart Division, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cudrici CD, Newman KA, Ferrante EA, Huffstutler R, Carney K, Betancourt B, Miettinen M, Siegel R, Katz JD, Nesti LJ, St Hilaire C, Lakshmipathy D, Wen H, Bagheri MH, Boehm M, Brofferio A. Multifocal Calcific Periarthritis with Distinctive Clinical and Radiological Features in Patients with CD73 Deficiency. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:163-173. [PMID: 33744914 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73 (ACDC) is a hereditary autosomal recessive ectopic mineralization syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations in the 5'-nucleotidase Ecto (NT5E) gene. Periarticular calcification has been reported but the clinical characterization of arthritis as well as the microstructure and chemical composition of periarticular calcifications and synovial fluid crystals has not been systematically investigated. METHODS Eight ACDC patients underwent extensive rheumatological and radiological evaluation over a period of 11 years. Periarticular and synovial biopsies were obtained from four patients. Characterization of crystal composition was evaluated by compensated polarized light microscopy, Alizarin red staining for synovial fluid along with x-ray diffraction and x-ray micro tomosynthesis for periarticular calcification. RESULTS Arthritis in ACDC patients has a clinical presentation of mixed erosive-degenerative joint changes with a median onset of articular symptoms at 17 years of age and progresses over time to the development of fixed deformities and functional limitations of small peripheral joints with eventually, larger joint and distinct axial involvement later in life. We have identified calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) and calcium hydroxyapatite (CHA) crystals in synovial fluid specimens and determined that CHA crystals are the principal component of periarticular calcifications. CONCLUSION This is the largest study in ACDC patients to describe erosive peripheral arthropathy and axial enthesopathic calcifications over a period of 11 years and the first to identify the composition of periarticular calcifications and synovial fluid crystals. ACDC should be considered among the genetic causes of early-onset osteoarthritis, as musculoskeletal disease signs may often precede vascular symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia D Cudrici
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kam A Newman
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elisa A Ferrante
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca Huffstutler
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine Carney
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blas Betancourt
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.,University of Florida, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Markku Miettinen
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Siegel
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Translational Medicine, Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation Disease Area, Basel, CH USA
| | - James D Katz
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leon J Nesti
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia St Hilaire
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Bioengineering, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deepak Lakshmipathy
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Han Wen
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad H Bagheri
- National Institutes of Health, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manfred Boehm
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alessandra Brofferio
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
CD73 + CD127 high Long-Term Memory CD4 T Cells Are Highly Proliferative in Response to Recall Antigens and Are Early Targets in HIV-1 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020912. [PMID: 33477692 PMCID: PMC7831934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection rapidly leads to a loss of the proliferative response of memory CD4+ T lymphocytes, when cultured with recall antigens. We report here that CD73 expression defines a subset of resting memory CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood, which highly express the α-chain of the IL-7 receptor (CD127), but not CD38 or Ki-67, yet are highly proliferative in response to mitogen and recall antigens, and to IL-7, in vitro. These cells also preferentially express CCR5 and produce IL-2. We reasoned that CD73+ memory CD4+ T cells decrease very early in HIV-1 infection. Indeed, CD73+ memory CD4+ T cells comprised a median of 7.5% (interquartile range: 4.5-10.4%) of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood from healthy adults, but were decreased in primary HIV-1 infection to a median of 3.7% (IQR: 2.6-6.4%; p = 0.002); and in chronic HIV-1 infection to 1.9% (IQR: 1.1-3%; p < 0.0001), and were not restored by antiretroviral therapy. Moreover, we found that a significant proportion of CD73+ memory CD4+ T cells were skewed to a gut-homing phenotype, expressing integrins α4 and β7, CXCR3, CCR6, CD161 and CD26. Accordingly, 20% of CD4+ T cells present in gut biopsies were CD73+. In HIV+ subjects, purified CD73+ resting memory CD4+ T cells in PBMC were infected with HIV-1 DNA, determined by real-time PCR, to the same level as for purified CD73-negative CD4+ T cells, both in untreated and treated subjects. Therefore, the proliferative CD73+ subset of memory CD4+ T cells is disproportionately reduced in HIV-1 infection, but, unexpectedly, their IL-7 dependent long-term resting phenotype suggests that residual infected cells in this subset may contribute significantly to the very long-lived HIV proviral DNA reservoir in treated subjects.
Collapse
|
26
|
Rutsch F, Buers I, Nitschke Y. Hereditary Disorders of Cardiovascular Calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:35-47. [PMID: 33176451 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Arterial calcification is a common phenomenon in the elderly, in patients with atherosclerosis or renal failure and in diabetes. However, when present in very young individuals, it is likely to be associated with an underlying hereditary disorder of arterial calcification. Here, we present an overview of the few monogenic disorders presenting with early-onset cardiovascular calcification. These disorders can be classified according to the function of the respective disease gene into (1) disorders caused by an altered purine and phosphate/pyrophosphate metabolism, (2) interferonopathies, and (3) Gaucher disease. The finding of arterial calcification in early life should alert the clinician and prompt further genetic work-up to define the underlying genetic defect, to establish the correct diagnosis, and to enable appropriate therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Rutsch
- Department of General Pediatrics, Muenster University Children's Hospital, Germany
| | - Insa Buers
- Department of General Pediatrics, Muenster University Children's Hospital, Germany
| | - Yvonne Nitschke
- Department of General Pediatrics, Muenster University Children's Hospital, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chakrabarti A, Goldstein DR, Sutton NR. Age-associated arterial calcification: the current pursuit of aggravating and mitigating factors. Curr Opin Lipidol 2020; 31:265-272. [PMID: 32773466 PMCID: PMC7891872 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The incidence of arterial calcification increases with age, can occur independently of atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia, contributes to vessel stiffening, and is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of how aging leads to arterial calcification and discuss potential therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction (impaired efficiency of the respiratory chain, increased reactive oxygen species production, and a high mutation rate of mitochondrial DNA), cellular senescence, ectonucleotidases, and extrinsic factors such as hyperglycemia promote age-determined calcification. We discuss the future potential impact of antilipidemics, senolytics, and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases inhibitors on age-associated arterial calcification. SUMMARY Understanding how mechanisms of aging lead to arterial calcification will allow us to pinpoint prospective strategies to mitigate arterial calcification, even after the effects of aging have already begun to occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apurba Chakrabarti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sutton NR, Hofmann Bowman MA. Reining in Peripheral Arterial Calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1614-1616. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia R. Sutton
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Marion A. Hofmann Bowman
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bertoni APS, de Campos RP, Tamajusuku ASK, Stefani GP, Braganhol E, Battastini AMO, Wink MR. Biochemical analysis of ectonucleotidases on primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells and in silico investigation of their role in vascular diseases. Life Sci 2020; 256:117862. [PMID: 32473244 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exhibit a high degree of plasticity when they undergo the progression from a normal to a disease condition, which makes them a potential target for evaluating early markers and for the development of new therapies. Purinergic signalling plays a key role in vascular tonus control, ATP being an inductor of vasoconstriction, whereas adenosine mediates a vasodilation effect antagonising the ATP actions. The control of extracellular ATP and adenosine levels is done by ectonucleotidases, which represent a potential target to be evaluated in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we analysed the basal activity and expression of the ectonucleotidases in aortic rat VSMCs, and we further performed in silico analysis to determine the expression of those enzymes in conditions that mimicked vascular diseases. Cultured in vitro VSMCs showed a prominent expression of Entpd1 followed by Entpd2 and Nt5e (CD73) and very low levels of Entpd3. Slightly faster AMP hydrolysis was observed when compared to ATP and ADP nucleotides. In silico analysis showed that the ectonucleotidases were modulated after induction of conditions that can lead to vascular diseases such as, hypertensive and hypotensive mice models (Nt5e); exposition to high-fat (Entpd1 and Entpd2) or high-phosphate (Nt5e) diet; mechanical stretch (Entpd1, Entpd2 and Nt5e); and myocardial infarction (Entpd1). Our data show that VSMCs are able to efficiently metabolise the extracellular nucleotides generating adenosine. The modulation of Entpd1, Entdp2 and Nt5e in vascular diseases suggests these ectoenzymes as potential targets or markers to be investigated in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Santin Bertoni
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde and Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Paschoal de Campos
- Laboratório de Sinalização e Plasticidade Celular, Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Giuseppe Potrick Stefani
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde and Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; PPG-Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Battastini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rosângela Wink
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde and Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; PPG-Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Reversal of endothelial dysfunction by nicotinamide mononucleotide via extracellular conversion to nicotinamide riboside. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114019. [PMID: 32389638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) are effective substrates for NAD synthesis, which may act as vasoprotective agents. Here, we characterize the effects of NMN and NR on endothelial inflammation and dysfunction and test the involvement of CD73 in these effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of NMN and NR on IL1β- or TNFα-induced endothelial inflammation (ICAM1 and vWF expression), intracellular NAD concentration and NAD-related enzyme expression (NAMPT, CD38, CD73), were studied in HAECs. The effect of NMN and NR on angiotensin II-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation was analyzed in murine aortic rings. The involvement of CD73 in NMN and NR effects was tested using CD73 inhibitor-AOPCP, or CD73-/- mice. RESULTS 24 h-incubation with NMN and NR induced anti-inflammatory effects in HAEC stimulated by IL1β or TNFα, as evidenced by a reduction in ICAM1 and vWF expression. Effects of exogenous NMN but not NR was abrogated in the presence of AOPCP, that efficiently inhibited extracellular endothelial conversion of NMN to NR, without a significant effect on the metabolism of NMN to NA. Surprisingly, intracellular NAD concentration increased in HAEC stimulated by IL1β or TNFα and this effect was associated with upregulation of NAMPT and CD73, whereas changes in CD38 expression were less pronounced. NMN and NR further increased NAD in IL1β-stimulated HAECs and AOPCP diminished NMN-induced increase in NAD, without an effect on NR-induced response. In ex vivo aortic rings stimulated with angiotensin II for 24 h, NO-dependent vasorelaxation induced by acetylcholine was impaired. NMN and NR, both prevented Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction in the aorta. In aortic rings taken from CD73-/- mice NMN effect was lost, whereas NR effect was preserved. CONCLUSION NMN and NR modulate intracellular NAD content in endothelium, inhibit endothelial inflammation and improve NO-dependent function by CD73-dependent and independent pathways, respectively. Extracellular conversion of NMN to NR by CD73 localized in the luminal surface of endothelial cells represent important vasoprotective mechanisms to maintain intracellular NAD.
Collapse
|
31
|
Moorhead WJ, Chu CC, Cuevas RA, Callahan J, Wong R, Regan C, Boufford CK, Sur S, Liu M, Gomez D, MacTaggart JN, Kamenskiy A, Boehm M, St Hilaire C. Dysregulation of FOXO1 (Forkhead Box O1 Protein) Drives Calcification in Arterial Calcification due to Deficiency of CD73 and Is Present in Peripheral Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1680-1694. [PMID: 32375544 PMCID: PMC7310306 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: The recessive disease arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73 (ACDC) presents with extensive nonatherosclerotic medial layer calcification in lower extremity arteries. Lack of CD73 induces a concomitant increase in TNAP (tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase; ALPL), a key enzyme in ectopic mineralization. Our aim was to investigate how loss of CD73 activity leads to increased ALPL expression and calcification in CD73-deficient patients and assess whether this mechanism may apply to peripheral artery disease calcification. Approach and Results: We previously developed a patient-specific disease model using ACDC primary dermal fibroblasts that recapitulates the calcification phenotype in vitro. We found that lack of CD73-mediated adenosine signaling reduced cAMP production and resulted in increased activation of AKT. The AKT/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) axis blocks autophagy and inducing autophagy prevented calcification; however, we did not observe autophagy defects in ACDC cells. In silico analysis identified a putative FOXO1 (forkhead box O1 protein) binding site in the human ALPL promoter. Exogenous AMP induced FOXO1 nuclear localization in ACDC but not in control cells, and this was prevented with a cAMP analogue or activation of A2a/2b adenosine receptors. Inhibiting FOXO1 reduced ALPL expression and TNAP activity and prevented calcification. Mutating the FOXO1 binding site reduced ALPL promoter activation. Importantly, we provide evidence that non-ACDC calcified femoropopliteal arteries exhibit decreased CD73 and increased FOXO1 levels compared with control arteries. Conclusions: These data show that lack of CD73-mediated cAMP signaling promotes expression of the human ALPL gene via a FOXO1-dependent mechanism. Decreased CD73 and increased FOXO1 was also observed in more common peripheral artery disease calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Moorhead
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.).,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.)
| | - Claire C Chu
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.).,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.)
| | - Rolando A Cuevas
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.).,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.)
| | - Jack Callahan
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.).,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.)
| | - Ryan Wong
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.).,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.)
| | - Cailyn Regan
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.).,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.)
| | - Camille K Boufford
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.).,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.)
| | - Swastika Sur
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.).,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.)
| | - Mingjun Liu
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.).,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.)
| | - Delphine Gomez
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.).,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.)
| | - Jason N MacTaggart
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (J.N.M.)
| | | | - Manfred Boehm
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (M.B.)
| | - Cynthia St Hilaire
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.).,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (W.J.M., C.C.C., R.A.C., J.C., R.W., C.R., C.K.B., S.S., M.L., D.G., C.S.H.).,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA (C.S.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Harvey JB, Phan LH, Villarreal OE, Bowser JL. CD73's Potential as an Immunotherapy Target in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Immunol 2020; 11:508. [PMID: 32351498 PMCID: PMC7174602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD73, a cell surface 5'nucleotidase that generates adenosine, has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for reprogramming cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment to dampen antitumor immune cell evasion. Decades of studies have paved the way for these findings, starting with the discovery of adenosine signaling, particularly adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) signaling, as a potent suppressor of tissue-devastating immune cell responses, and evolving with studies focusing on CD73 in breast cancer, melanoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a major cause of cancer-related deaths. Evidence is mounting that shows promise for improving patient outcomes through incorporation of immunomodulatory strategies as single agents or in combination with current treatment options. Recently, several immune checkpoint inhibitors received FDA approval for use in GI cancers; however, clinical benefit is limited. Investigating molecular mechanisms promoting immunosuppression, such as CD73, in GI cancers can aid in current efforts to extend the efficacy of immunotherapy to more patients. In this review, we discuss current clinical and basic research studies on CD73 in GI cancers, including gastric, liver, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer, with special focus on the potential of CD73 as an immunotherapy target in these cancers. We also present a summary of current clinical studies targeting CD73 and/or A2AR and combination of these therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry B. Harvey
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Luan H. Phan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Oscar E. Villarreal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jessica L. Bowser
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia St Hilaire
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sutton NR, Bouïs D, Mann KM, Rashid IM, McCubbrey AL, Hyman MC, Goldstein DR, Mei A, Pinsky DJ. CD73 Promotes Age-Dependent Accretion of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:61-71. [PMID: 31619062 PMCID: PMC7956240 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD73 is an ectonucleotidase which catalyzes the conversion of AMP (adenosine monophosphate) to adenosine. Adenosine has been shown to be anti-inflammatory and vasorelaxant. The impact of ectonucleotidases on age-dependent atherosclerosis remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the role of CD73 in age-dependent accumulation of atherosclerosis. Approach and results: Mice doubly deficient in CD73 and ApoE (apolipoprotein E; (cd73-/-/apoE-/-) were generated, and the extent of aortic atherosclerotic plaque was compared with apoE-/- controls at 12, 20, 32, and 52 weeks. By 12 weeks of age, cd73-/-/apoE-/- mice exhibited a significant increase in plaque (1.4±0.5% of the total vessel surface versus 0.4±0.1% in apoE-/- controls, P<0.005). By 20 weeks of age, this difference disappeared (2.9±0.4% versus 3.3±0.7%). A significant reversal in phenotype emerged at 32 weeks (9.8±1.2% versus 18.3±1.4%; P<0.0001) and persisted at the 52 week timepoint (22.4±2.1% versus 37.0±2.1%; P<0.0001). The inflammatory response to aging was found to be comparable between cd73-/-/apoE-/- mice and apoE-/- controls. A reduction in lipolysis in CD73 competent mice was observed, even with similar plasma lipid levels (cd73-/-/apoE-/- versus apoE-/- at 12 weeks [16.2±0.7 versus 9.5±1.4 nmol glycerol/well], 32 weeks [24.1±1.5 versus 7.4±0.4 nmol/well], and 52 weeks [13.8±0.62 versus 12.7±2.0 nmol/well], P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS At early time points, CD73 exerts a subtle antiatherosclerotic influence, but with age, the pattern reverses, and the presence of CD73 promoted suppression of lipid catabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia R. Sutton
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Diane Bouïs
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Kris M. Mann
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Imran M. Rashid
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Alexandra L. McCubbrey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (A.L.M.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Matt C. Hyman
- the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (M.C.H., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Daniel R. Goldstein
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Annie Mei
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - David J. Pinsky
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
- the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (M.C.H., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Boison D, Yegutkin GG. Adenosine Metabolism: Emerging Concepts for Cancer Therapy. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:582-596. [PMID: 31821783 PMCID: PMC7224341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a key metabolic and immune-checkpoint regulator implicated in the tumor escape from the host immune system. Major gaps in knowledge that impede the development of effective adenosine-based therapeutics include: (1) lack of consideration of redundant pathways controlling ATP and adenosine levels; (2) lack of distinction between receptor-dependent and -independent effects of adenosine, and (3) focus on extracellular adenosine without consideration of intracellular metabolism and compartmentalization. In light of current clinical trials, we provide an overview of adenosine metabolism and point out the need for a more careful evaluation of the entire purinome in emerging cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Detlev Boison
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson & New Jersey Medical Schools, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Gennady G Yegutkin
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, 20520, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Minor M, Alcedo KP, Battaglia RA, Snider NT. Cell type- and tissue-specific functions of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C1079-C1092. [PMID: 31461341 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00285.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase [cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73)] is a ubiquitously expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that converts extracellular adenosine 5'-monophosphate to adenosine. Anti-CD73 inhibitory antibodies are currently undergoing clinical testing for cancer immunotherapy. However, many protective physiological functions of CD73 need to be taken into account for new targeted therapies. This review examines CD73 functions in multiple organ systems and cell types, with a particular focus on novel findings from the last 5 years. Missense loss-of-function mutations in the CD73-encoding gene NT5E cause the rare disease "arterial calcifications due to deficiency of CD73." Aside from direct human disease involvement, cellular and animal model studies have revealed key functions of CD73 in tissue homeostasis and pathology across multiple organ systems. In the context of the central nervous system, CD73 is antinociceptive and protects against inflammatory damage, while also contributing to age-dependent decline in cortical plasticity. CD73 preserves barrier function in multiple tissues, a role that is most evident in the respiratory system, where it inhibits endothelial permeability in an adenosine-dependent manner. CD73 has important cardioprotective functions during myocardial infarction and heart failure. Under ischemia-reperfusion injury conditions, rapid and sustained induction of CD73 confers protection in the liver and kidney. In some cases, the mechanism by which CD73 mediates tissue injury is less clear. For example, CD73 has a promoting role in liver fibrosis but is protective in lung fibrosis. Future studies that integrate CD73 regulation and function at the cellular level with physiological responses will improve its utility as a disease target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marquet Minor
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Karel P Alcedo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rachel A Battaglia
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Natasha T Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|