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Struck EC, Belova T, Hsieh PH, Odeberg JO, Kuijjer ML, Dusart PJ, Butler LM. Global Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Distinct Phases of the Endothelial Response to TNF. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:117-129. [PMID: 38019121 PMCID: PMC10733583 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium acts as a dynamic interface between blood and tissue. TNF-α, a major regulator of inflammation, induces endothelial cell (EC) transcriptional changes, the overall response dynamics of which have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we conducted an extended time-course analysis of the human EC response to TNF, from 30 min to 72 h. We identified regulated genes and used weighted gene network correlation analysis to decipher coexpression profiles, uncovering two distinct temporal phases: an acute response (between 1 and 4 h) and a later phase (between 12 and 24 h). Sex-based subset analysis revealed that the response was comparable between female and male cells. Several previously uncharacterized genes were strongly regulated during the acute phase, whereas the majority in the later phase were IFN-stimulated genes. A lack of IFN transcription indicated that this IFN-stimulated gene expression was independent of de novo IFN production. We also observed two groups of genes whose transcription was inhibited by TNF: those that resolved toward baseline levels and those that did not. Our study provides insights into the global dynamics of the EC transcriptional response to TNF, highlighting distinct gene expression patterns during the acute and later phases. Data for all coding and noncoding genes is provided on the Web site (http://www.endothelial-response.org/). These findings may be useful in understanding the role of ECs in inflammation and in developing TNF signaling-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike C. Struck
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tatiana Belova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ping-Han Hsieh
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacob O. Odeberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- The University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marieke L. Kuijjer
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Center for Computational Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Philip J. Dusart
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lynn M. Butler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nour J, Bonacina F, Norata GD. Gonadal sex vs genetic sex in experimental atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2023; 384:117277. [PMID: 37775425 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data and interventional studies with hormone replacement therapy suggest that women, at least until menopause, are at decreased cardiovascular risk compared to men. Still the molecular mechanisms beyond this difference are debated and the investigation in experimental models of atherosclerosis has been pivotal to prove that the activation of the estrogen receptor is atheroprotective, despite not enough to explain the differences reported in cardiovascular disease between male and female. This casts also for investigating the importance of the sex chromosome complement (genetic sex) beyond the contribution of sex hormones (gonadal sex) on atherosclerosis. Aim of this review is to present the dualism between gonadal sex and genetic sex with a focus on the data available from experimental models. The molecular mechanisms driving changes in lipid metabolism, immuno-inflammatory reactivity and vascular response in males and females that affect atherosclerosis progression will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Nour
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Italy.
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Jebari-Benslaiman S, Galicia-García U, Larrea-Sebal A, Olaetxea JR, Alloza I, Vandenbroeck K, Benito-Vicente A, Martín C. Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063346. [PMID: 35328769 PMCID: PMC8954705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium activation and, followed by a cascade of events (accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification), triggers the vessel narrowing and activation of inflammatory pathways. The resultant atheroma plaque, along with these processes, results in cardiovascular complications. This review focuses on the different stages of atherosclerosis development, ranging from endothelial dysfunction to plaque rupture. In addition, the post-transcriptional regulation and modulation of atheroma plaque by microRNAs and lncRNAs, the role of microbiota, and the importance of sex as a crucial risk factor in atherosclerosis are covered here in order to provide a global view of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Jebari-Benslaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
| | - Unai Galicia-García
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Fundación Biofisika Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Larrea-Sebal
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Fundación Biofisika Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Iraide Alloza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Benito-Vicente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-V.); (C.M.); Tel.: +34-946-01-2741 (C.M.)
| | - César Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-V.); (C.M.); Tel.: +34-946-01-2741 (C.M.)
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Xu Y, Wang Y, Dai F, Hu H, Jiang T, Lu Y, Zhang Q. The management correlation between metabolic index, cardiovascular health, and diabetes combined with cardiovascular disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1036146. [PMID: 36778594 PMCID: PMC9911412 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1036146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although there is also evidence that multifactorial interventions to control blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profiles can reduce macrovascular complications and mortality in patients with T2DM, the link between these risk factors has not been established. METHODS On 10 December 2018, 1,920 people in four cities in Anhui Province were included. Latent category analysis (LCA) was used to explore the clustering mode of HRBs (health risk behaviors). The primary exposure was HRBs and exercise and diet interventions, and the primary outcome was CVD and other variables, including zMS, triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), TyG-WC (waist circumference), TyG-BMI, TG/HDL, and cardiovascular health (CVH). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to establish the relationship between HRBs, exercise, diet interventions, and CVD. Moderate analysis and mediation moderation analysis were employed by the PROCESS method to explore the relationship between these variables. Sensitivity analysis explored the robustness of the model. RESULTS The mean age was 57.10 ± 10.0 years old. Overall, CVD affects approximately 19.9% of all persons with T2DM. Macrovascular complications of T2DM include coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac insufficiency, and cerebrovascular disease. Elderly age (χ 2 = 22.70), no occupation (χ 2 = 20.97), medium and high socioeconomic status (SES) (χ 2 = 19.92), higher level of TyG-WC (χ 2 = 6.60), and higher zMS (χ 2 = 7.59) were correlated with high CVD. Many metabolic indices have shown a connection with T2DM combined with CVD, and there was a dose-response relationship between HRB co-occurrence and clustering of HRBs and zMS; there was a dose-response relationship between multifactorial intervention and CVH. In the mediation moderation analysis, there was an association between HRB, gender, TyG, TyG-BMI, and CVD. From an intervention management perspective, exercise and no diet intervention were more significant with CVD; moreover, there was an association between intervention management, gender, zMS, TyG-WC, TyG-BMI, TG/HDL, and CVD. Finally, there was an association between sex, CVH, and CVD. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that our results were robust. CONCLUSIONS CVD is one of the common complications in patients with type 2 diabetes, and its long-term outcome will have more or less impact on patients. Our findings suggest the potential benefits of scaling up multifactorial and multifaceted interventions to prevent CVD in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yijing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanlei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Honglin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Qiu Zhang, ; Tian Jiang, ; Yunxia Lu,
| | - Yunxia Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Comprehensive Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Qiu Zhang, ; Tian Jiang, ; Yunxia Lu,
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Qiu Zhang, ; Tian Jiang, ; Yunxia Lu,
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5
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease and the predominant cause of heart attack and ischemic stroke. Despite the well-known sexual dimorphism in the incidence and complications of atherosclerosis, there are relatively limited data in the clinical and preclinical literature to rigorously address mechanisms underlying sex as a biological variable in atherosclerosis. In multiple histological and imaging studies, overall plaque burden and markers of inflammation appear to be greater in men than women and are predictive of cardiovascular events. However, while younger women are relatively protected from cardiovascular disease, by the seventh decade, the incidence of myocardial infarction in women ultimately surpasses that of men, suggesting an interaction between sex and age. Most preclinical studies in animal atherosclerosis models do not examine both sexes, and even in those that do, well-powered direct statistical comparisons for sex as an independent variable remain rare. This article reviews the available data. Overall, male animals appear to have more inflamed yet smaller plaques compared to female animals. Plaque inflammation is often used as a surrogate end point for plaque vulnerability in animals. The available data support the notion that rather than plaque size, plaque inflammation may be more relevant in assessing sex-specific mechanisms since the findings correlate with the sex difference in ischemic events and mortality and thus may be more reflective of the human condition. Overall, the number of preclinical studies directly comparing plaque inflammation between the sexes is extremely limited relative to the vast literature exploring atherosclerosis mechanisms. Failure to include both sexes and to address age in mechanistic atherosclerosis studies are missed opportunities to uncover underlying sex-specific mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms driving sex as a biological variable in atherosclerotic disease is critical to future precision medicine strategies to mitigate what is still the leading cause of death of men and women worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Man
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua A. Beckman
- Cardiovascular Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Iris Z. Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Lu HS, Schmidt AM, Hegele RA, Mackman N, Rader DJ, Weber C, Daugherty A. Annual Report on Sex in Preclinical Studies: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Publications in 2018. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 40:e1-e9. [PMID: 31869272 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong S Lu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (A.M.S.)
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.A.H.)
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (N.M.)
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Departments of Medicine and Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (D.J.R.)
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Vascular Diseases/genetics
- Vascular Diseases/pathology
- Vascular Diseases/physiopathology
- Vascular Remodeling/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Department of Physiology & pharmacology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Xiaohan Mei
- Department of Physiology & pharmacology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Department of Physiology & pharmacology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Correspondence to: Shi-You Chen, PhD, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, , Tel: (573) 882-3137, Fax: (573)884-4585
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8
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Schmidt AM. Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:558-568. [PMID: 30786741 PMCID: PMC6532416 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.310961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with types 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. Although beneficial roles for strict control of hyperglycemia have been suggested, such a strategy is not without liabilities. Specifically, the risk of hypoglycemia and its consequences remain an omnipresent threat with such approaches. The advent of the CVOT (Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials) for new antidiabetes mellitus treatments has uncovered unexpected benefits of cardiovascular protection in some of the new classes of agents, such as the GLP-1 RAs (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) and the SGLT-2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2) inhibitors. Further, state-of-the-art approaches, such as antibodies to PCKSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9); RNA therapeutics; agents targeting distinct components of the immune/inflammatory response; and novel small molecules that block the actions of RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) signaling, also hold potential as new therapies for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Finally, interventions such as weight loss, through bariatric surgery, may hold promise for benefit in diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this Brief Review, some of the novel approaches and emerging targets for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease are discussed. Ultimately, identification of the optimal timing and combinations of such interventions, especially in the context of personalized approaches, together with emerging disease-modifying agents, holds great promise to reduce the burden that diabetes poses to the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Schmidt
- From the Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York
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