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Deng X, Wang J, Yu S, Tan S, Yu T, Xu Q, Chen N, Zhang S, Zhang M, Hu K, Xiao Z. Advances in the treatment of atherosclerosis with ligand-modified nanocarriers. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20230090. [PMID: 38939861 PMCID: PMC11189587 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic disease associated with metabolism, poses a significant risk to human well-being. Currently, existing treatments for atherosclerosis lack sufficient efficiency, while the utilization of surface-modified nanoparticles holds the potential to deliver highly effective therapeutic outcomes. These nanoparticles can target and bind to specific receptors that are abnormally over-expressed in atherosclerotic conditions. This paper reviews recent research (2018-present) advances in various ligand-modified nanoparticle systems targeting atherosclerosis by specifically targeting signature molecules in the hope of precise treatment at the molecular level and concludes with a discussion of the challenges and prospects in this field. The intention of this review is to inspire novel concepts for the design and advancement of targeted nanomedicines tailored specifically for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujiao Deng
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Chronic DiseasesJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinghao Wang
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Chronic DiseasesJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of PharmacyZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Suiyi Tan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Chronic DiseasesJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiaxin Xu
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Chronic DiseasesJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Nenghua Chen
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Chronic DiseasesJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Siqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ming‐Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute of Quantum Medical, ScienceNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Kuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute of Quantum Medical, ScienceNational Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Chronic DiseasesJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical TranslationJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Ngai D, Schilperoort M, Tabas I. Efferocytosis-induced lactate enables the proliferation of pro-resolving macrophages to mediate tissue repair. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2206-2219. [PMID: 38012414 PMCID: PMC10782856 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages (efferocytosis) prevents necrosis and inflammation and activates pro-resolving pathways, including continual efferocytosis. A key resolution process in vivo is efferocytosis-induced macrophage proliferation (EIMP), in which apoptotic cell-derived nucleotides trigger Myc-mediated proliferation of pro-resolving macrophages. Here we show that EIMP requires a second input that is integrated with cellular metabolism, notably efferocytosis-induced lactate production. Lactate signalling via GPR132 promotes Myc protein stabilization and subsequent macrophage proliferation. This mechanism is validated in vivo using a mouse model of dexamethasone-induced thymocyte apoptosis, which elevates apoptotic cell burden and requires efferocytosis to prevent inflammation and necrosis. Thus, EIMP, a key process in tissue resolution, requires inputs from two independent processes: a signalling pathway induced by apoptotic cell-derived nucleotides and a cellular metabolism pathway involving lactate production. These findings illustrate how seemingly distinct pathways in efferocytosing macrophages are integrated to carry out a key process in tissue resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ngai
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Maaike Schilperoort
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Angerfors A, Brännmark C, Lagging C, Tai K, Månsby Svedberg R, Andersson B, Jern C, Stanne TM. Proteomic profiling identifies novel inflammation-related plasma proteins associated with ischemic stroke outcome. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:224. [PMID: 37794467 PMCID: PMC10548608 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory response to cerebral ischemia is complex; however, most clinical studies of stroke outcome focus on a few selected proteins. We, therefore, aimed to profile a broad range of inflammation-related proteins to: identify proteins associated with ischemic stroke outcome that are independent of established clinical predictors; identify proteins subsets for outcome prediction; and perform sex and etiological subtype stratified analyses. METHODS Acute-phase plasma levels of 65 inflammation-related proteins were measured in 534 ischemic stroke cases. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations to unfavorable 3-month functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score > 2) and LASSO regressions to identify proteins with independent effects. RESULTS Twenty proteins were associated with outcome in univariable models after correction for multiple testing (FDR < 0.05), and for 5 the association was independent of clinical variables, including stroke severity (TNFSF14 [LIGHT], OSM, SIRT2, STAMBP, and 4E-BP1). LASSO identified 9 proteins that could best separate favorable and unfavorable outcome with a predicted diagnostic accuracy (AUC) of 0.81; three associated with favorable (CCL25, TRAIL [TNFSF10], and Flt3L) and 6 with unfavorable outcome (CSF-1, EN-RAGE [S100A12], HGF, IL-6, OSM, and TNFSF14). Finally, we identified sex- and etiologic subtype-specific associations with the best discriminative ability achieved for cardioembolic, followed by cryptogenic stroke. CONCLUSIONS We identified candidate blood-based protein biomarkers for post-stroke functional outcome involved in, e.g., NLRP3 inflammasome regulation and signaling pathways, such as TNF, JAK/STAT, MAPK, and NF-κB. These proteins warrant further study for stroke outcome prediction as well as investigations into the putative causal role for stroke outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Angerfors
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Brännmark
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Research, Development, Education and Innovation, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lagging
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kara Tai
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Månsby Svedberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Andersson
- Bioinformatics and Data Center, Core Facilities, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Jern
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tara M Stanne
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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4
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Teng D, Chen H, Jia W, Ren Q, Ding X, Zhang L, Gong L, Wang H, Zhong L, Yang J. Identification and validation of hub genes involved in foam cell formation and atherosclerosis development via bioinformatics. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16122. [PMID: 37810795 PMCID: PMC10557941 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Foam cells play crucial roles in all phases of atherosclerosis. However, until now, the specific mechanisms by which these foam cells contribute to atherosclerosis remain unclear. We aimed to identify novel foam cell biomarkers and interventional targets for atherosclerosis, characterizing their potential mechanisms in the progression of atherosclerosis. Methods Microarray data of atherosclerosis and foam cells were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expression genes (DEGs) were screened using the "LIMMA" package in R software. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) annotation were both carried out. Hub genes were found in Cytoscape after a protein-protein interaction (PPI) enrichment analysis was carried out. Validation of important genes in the GSE41571 dataset, cellular assays, and tissue samples. Results A total of 407 DEGs in atherosclerosis and 219 DEGs in foam cells were identified, and the DEGs in atherosclerosis were mainly involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. CSF1R and PLAUR were identified as common hub genes and validated in GSE41571. In addition, we also found that the expression of CSF1R and PLAUR gradually increased with the accumulation of lipids and disease progression in cell and tissue experiments. Conclusion CSF1R and PLAUR are key hub genes of foam cells and may play an important role in the biological process of atherosclerosis. These results advance our understanding of the mechanism behind atherosclerosis and potential therapeutic targets for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Teng
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Jia
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingmiao Ren
- The Precision Medicine Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Ding
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Kapanadze T, Gamrekelashvili J, Sablotny S, Kijas D, Haller H, Schmidt-Ott K, Limbourg FP. CSF-1 and Notch signaling cooperate in macrophage instruction and tissue repair during peripheral limb ischemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240327. [PMID: 37691936 PMCID: PMC10484478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia causes an inflammatory response featuring monocyte-derived macrophages (MF) involved in angiogenesis and tissue repair. Angiogenesis and ischemic macrophage differentiation are regulated by Notch signaling via Notch ligand Delta-like 1 (Dll1). Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) is an essential MF lineage factor, but its role in ischemic macrophage development and the interaction with Notch signaling is so far unclear. Using a mouse model of hind limb ischemia with CSF-1 inhibitor studies and Dll1 heterozygous mice we show that CSF-1 is induced in the ischemic niche by a subpopulation of stromal cells expressing podoplanin, which was paralleled by the development of ischemic macrophages. Inhibition of CSF-1 signaling with small molecules or blocking antibodies impaired macrophage differentiation but prolonged the inflammatory response, resulting in impaired perfusion recovery and tissue regeneration. Yet, despite high levels of CSF-1, macrophage maturation and perfusion recovery were impaired in mice with Dll1 haploinsufficiency, while inflammation was exaggerated. In vitro, CSF-1 was not sufficient to induce full MF differentiation from donor monocytes in the absence of recombinant DLL1, while the presence of DLL1 in a dose-dependent manner stimulated MF differentiation in combination with CSF-1. Thus, CSF-1 is an ischemic niche factor that cooperates with Notch signaling in a non-redundant fashion to instruct macrophage cell fate and maturation, which is required for ischemic perfusion recovery and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Kapanadze
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jaba Gamrekelashvili
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Sablotny
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dustin Kijas
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian P. Limbourg
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Popa-Fotea NM, Ferdoschi CE, Micheu MM. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1200341. [PMID: 37600028 PMCID: PMC10434786 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in spite of the improved medical and invasive treatment in terms of revascularization. Atherosclerosis is a dynamic, multi-step process in which inflammation is a ubiquitous component participating in the initiation, development, and entanglements of the atherosclerotic plaque. After activation, the immune system, either native or acquired, is part of the atherosclerotic dynamics enhancing the pro-atherogenic function of immune or non-immune cells, such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, or platelets, through mediators such as cytokines or directly by cell-to-cell interaction. Cytokines are molecules secreted by the activated cells mentioned above that mediate the inflammatory component of atherosclerosis whose function is to stimulate the immune cells and the production of further cytokines. This review provides insights of the cell axis activation and specific mechanisms and pathways through which inflammation actuates atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta-Monica Popa-Fotea
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila,”Bucharest, Romania
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina-Elena Ferdoschi
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila,”Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Gouife M, Ban Z, Yue X, Jiang J, Xie J. Molecular characterization, gene expression and functional analysis of goldfish ( Carassius auratus L.) macrophage colony stimulating factor 2. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235370. [PMID: 37593738 PMCID: PMC10431942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 2 (MCSF-2) is an important cytokine that controls how cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage proliferate, differentiate, and survive in vertebrates. Two isoforms of MCSF have been identified in fish, each exhibiting distinct gene organization and expression patterns. In this study, we investigated a goldfish MCSF-2 gene in terms of its immunomodulatory and functional properties. Methods In this study, goldfish were acclimated for 3 weeks and sedated with TMS prior to handling. Two groups of fish were used for infection experiments, and tissues from healthy goldfish were collected for RNA isolation. cDNA synthesis was performed, and primers were designed based on transcriptome database sequences. Analysis of gfMCSF-2 sequences, including nucleotide and amino acid analysis, molecular mass prediction, and signal peptide prediction, was conducted. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to analyze gene expression levels, while goldfish head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) were isolated using standard protocols. The expression of gfMCSF-2 in activated HKLs was investigated, and recombinant goldfish MCSF-2 was expressed and purified. Western blot analysis, cell proliferation assays, and flow cytometric analysis of HKLs were performed. Gene expression analysis of transcription factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines in goldfish head kidney leukocytes exposed to rgMCSF-2 was conducted. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's post hoc test was applied. Results We performed a comparative analysis of MCSF-1 and MCSF-2 at the protein and nucleotide levels using the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm. The results revealed significant differences between the two sequences, supporting the notion that they represent distinct genes rather than isoforms of the same gene. Sequence alignment demonstrated high sequence identity with MCSF-2 homologs from fish species, particularly C. carpio, which was supported by phylogenetic analysis. Expression analysis in various goldfish tissues demonstrated differential expression levels, with the spleen exhibiting the highest expression. In goldfish head kidney leukocytes, gfMCSF-2 expression was modulated by chemical stimuli and bacterial infection, with upregulation observed in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and live Aeromonas hydrophila. Recombinant gfMCSF-2 (rgMCSF-2) was successfully expressed and purified, showing the ability to stimulate cell proliferation in HKLs. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that rgMCSF-2 induced differentiation of sorted leukocytes at a specific concentration. Moreover, rgMCSF-2 treatment upregulated TNFα and IL-1β mRNA levels and influenced the expression of transcription factors, such as MafB, GATA2, and cMyb, in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion Collectively, by elucidating the effects of rgMCSF-2 on cell proliferation, differentiation, and the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors, our findings provided a comprehensive understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying gfMCSF-2-mediated immune regulation. These results contribute to the fundamental knowledge of MCSF-2 in teleosts and establish a foundation for further investigations on the role of gfMCSF-2 in fish immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Gouife
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziqi Ban
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyuan Yue
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhu Jiang
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Zhejiang Institule of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiasong Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- National Engineering Research Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Abe JI, Imanishi M, Li S, Zhang A, Ae Ko K, Samanthapudi VSK, Lee LL, Bojorges AP, Gi YJ, Hobbs BP, Deswal A, Herrmann J, Lin SH, Chini EN, Shen YH, Schadler KL, Nguyen THM, Gupte AA, Reyes-Gibby C, Yeung SCJ, Abe RJ, Olmsted-Davis EA, Krishnan S, Dantzer R, Palaskas NL, Cooke JP, Pownall HJ, Yoshimoto M, Fujiwara K, Hamilton DJ, Burks JK, Wang G, Le NT, Kotla S. An ERK5-NRF2 Axis Mediates Senescence-Associated Stemness and Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2023; 133:25-44. [PMID: 37264926 PMCID: PMC10357365 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ERK5 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5) is a dual kinase transcription factor containing an N-terminal kinase domain and a C-terminal transcriptional activation domain. Many ERK5 kinase inhibitors have been developed and tested to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, recent data have raised questions about the role of the catalytic activity of ERK5 in proliferation and inflammation. We aimed to investigate how ERK5 reprograms myeloid cells to the proinflammatory senescent phenotype, subsequently leading to atherosclerosis. METHODS A ERK5 S496A (dephosphorylation mimic) knock in (KI) mouse model was generated using CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated 9), and atherosclerosis was characterized by hypercholesterolemia induction. The plaque phenotyping in homozygous ERK5 S496A KI and wild type (WT) mice was studied using imaging mass cytometry. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were isolated from hypercholesterolemic mice and characterized using RNA sequencing and functional in vitro approaches, including senescence, mitochondria reactive oxygen species, and inflammation assays, as well as by metabolic extracellular flux analysis. RESULTS We show that atherosclerosis was inhibited in ERK5 S496A KI mice. Furthermore, ERK5 S496 phosphorylation mediates both senescence-associated secretory phenotype and senescence-associated stemness by upregulating AHR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) in plaque and bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from hypercholesterolemic mice. We also discovered that ERK5 S496 phosphorylation could induce NRF2 (NFE2-related factor 2) SUMOylation at a novel K518 site to inhibit NRF2 transcriptional activity without altering ERK5 catalytic activity and mediates oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-induced senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Specific ERK5 kinase inhibitors (AX15836 and XMD8-92) also inhibited ERK5 S496 phosphorylation, suggesting the involvement of ERK5 S496 phosphorylation in the anti-inflammatory effects of these ERK5 kinase inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS We discovered a novel mechanism by which the macrophage ERK5-NRF2 axis develops a unique senescence-associated secretory phenotype/stemness phenotype by upregulating AHR to engender atherogenesis. The finding of senescence-associated stemness phenotype provides a molecular explanation to resolve the paradox of senescence in proliferative plaque by permitting myeloid cells to escape the senescence-induced cell cycle arrest during atherosclerosis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work and were designated as co-first authors
| | - Masaki Imanishi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work and were designated as co-first authors
| | - Shengyu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work and were designated as co-first authors
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas, and Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ling-Ling Lee
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Young Jin Gi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian P. Hobbs
- Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Cardio Oncology Clinic, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eduardo N. Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ying H. Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keri L. Schadler
- Department of Pediatric Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thi-Hong-Minh Nguyen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anisha A. Gupte
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas, and Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cielito Reyes-Gibby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sai-Ching J. Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rei J. Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicolas L. Palaskas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Henry J. Pownall
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas, and Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keigi Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dale J. Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas, and Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jared K. Burks
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors were equivalent co-senior authors
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors were equivalent co-senior authors
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors were equivalent co-senior authors
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Xiong J, Li Z, Tang H, Duan Y, Ban X, Xu K, Guo Y, Tu Y. Bulk and single-cell characterisation of the immune heterogeneity of atherosclerosis identifies novel targets for immunotherapy. BMC Biol 2023; 21:46. [PMID: 36855107 PMCID: PMC9974063 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune cells that infiltrate lesions are important for atherosclerosis progression and immunotherapies. This study was aimed at gaining important new insights into the heterogeneity of these cells by integrating the sequencing results of multiple samples and using an enhanced single-cell sequencing workflow to overcome the limitations of a single study. RESULTS Integrative analyses identified 28 distinct subpopulations based on gene expression profiles. Further analysis demonstrated that these cells manifested high heterogeneity at the levels of tissue preferences, genetic perturbations, functional variations, immune dynamics, transcriptional regulators, metabolic changes, and communication patterns. Of the T cells, interferon-induced CD8+ T cells were involved in the progression of atherosclerosis. In contrast, proinflammatory CD4+ CD28null T cells predicted a poor outcome in atherosclerosis. Notably, we identified two subpopulations of foamy macrophages that exhibit contrasting phenotypes. Among them, TREM2- SPP1+ foamy macrophages were preferentially distributed in the hypoxic core of plaques. These glycolytic metabolism-enriched cells, with impaired cholesterol metabolism and robust pro-angiogenic capacity, were phenotypically regulated by CSF1 secreted by co-localised mast cells. Moreover, combined with deconvolution of the bulk datasets, we revealed that these dysfunctional cells had a higher proportion of ruptured and haemorrhagic lesions and were significantly associated with poor atherosclerosis prognoses. CONCLUSIONS We systematically explored atherosclerotic immune heterogeneity and identified cell populations underlying atherosclerosis progression and poor prognosis, which may be valuable for developing new and precise immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Zhaoyue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yuchen Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiaofang Ban
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yutong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Cytokines and HIF-1α as dysregulation factors of migration and differentiation of monocyte progenitor cells of endotheliocytes in the pathogenesis of ischemic cardiomyopathy. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2022-7.5-2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Angiogenic endothelial dysfunction and progenitor endothelial cells (EPCs) in ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) have not been studied enough.The aim. To establish the nature of changes in the cytokine profile and HIF-1α in blood and bone marrow associated with impaired differentiation of monocytic progenitor cells of endotheliocytes (CD14+VEGFR2+) in the bone marrow and their migration into the blood in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), suffering and not suffering from ICMP.Materials and methods. A single-stage, single-centre, observational case-control study was conducted involving 74 patients with CHD, suffering and not suffering from ICMP (30 and 44 people, respectively), and 25 healthy donors. In patients with CHD, bone marrow was obtained during coronary bypass surgery, peripheral blood – before surgery. Healthy donors were taken peripheral blood. The number of CD14+VEGFR2+ in bone marrow and blood was determined by flow cytometry; the concentration of IL-6, TNF-α, M-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1 and HIF-1α – by the method of enzyme immunoassay.Results. A high content of CD14+VEGFR2+ cells in the blood of patients with CHD without cardiomyopathy was established relative to patients with ICMP against the background of a comparable number of these cells in myeloid tissue. Regardless of the presence of ICMP in the blood, patients with CHD showed an excess of TNF-α, a normal concentration of IL-6, GM-CSF, HIF-1α and a deficiency of M-CSF, and in the bone marrow supernatant, the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α exceeded that in the blood plasma (the level of GM-CSF – only in patients without cardiomyopathy). With ICMP, the normal concentration of MCP-1 was determined in the blood plasma, and with CHD without cardiomyopathy, its elevated content was determined.Conclusion. The formation of ICMP is accompanied by insufficient activation of EPCs migration with the CD14+VEGFR2+ phenotype in blood without disruption of their differentiation in the bone marrow, which associated with the absence of an increase in the concentration of MCP-1 in blood plasma and not associated with the plasma content of M-CSF, GM-CSF, HIF-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α.
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11
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Shesternya PA, Savchenko AA, Gritsenko OD, Vasileva AO, Kudryavtsev IV, Masterova AA, Isakov DV, Borisov AG. Features of Peripheral Blood Th-Cell Subset Composition and Serum Cytokine Level in Patients with Activity-Driven Ankylosing Spondylitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111370. [PMID: 36355542 PMCID: PMC9695783 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Th cells may exhibit pathological activity depending on the regulatory and functional signals sensed under a wide range of immunopathological conditions, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The relationship between Th cells and cytokines is important for diagnoses and for determining treatment. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Th-cell subset composition and serum cytokine profile for patients with activity-driven AS. In our study, patients were divided into two groups according to disease activity: low-activity AS (ASDAS-CRP < 2.1) and high-activity AS (ASDAS-CRP > 2.1). The peripheral blood Th cell subset composition was studied by flow cytometry. Using multiplex analysis, serum cytokine levels were quantified and investigated. It was found that only patients with high-activity AS had reduced central memory (CM) Th1 cells (p = 0.035) but elevated numbers of CM (p = 0.014) and effector memory (EM) Th2 cells (p < 0.001). However, no activity-driven change in the Th17 cell subset composition was observed in AS patients. Moreover, low-AS activity patients had increased numbers of Tfh17 EM cells (p < 0.001), whereas high-AS activity was associated with elevated Tfh2 EM level (p = 0.031). The serum cytokine profiles in AS patients demonstrated that cues stimulating cellular immunity were increased, but patients with high-AS activity reveled increased IL-5 level (p = 0.017). Analyzing the data obtained from AS patients allowed us to conclude that Th cell subset differentiation was mainly affected during the CM stage and characterized the IL-23/IL-17 regulatory axis, whereas increased humoral immunity was observed in the high-AS activity group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Shesternya
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrei A. Savchenko
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Olga D. Gritsenko
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra O. Vasileva
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | | | - Alena A. Masterova
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Isakov
- Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare, 197022 St. Peterburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr G. Borisov
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Tetramethylpyrazine and Paeoniflorin Synergistically Attenuate Cholesterol Efflux in Macrophage Cells via Enhancing ABCA1 and ABCG1 Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4304790. [PMID: 36387364 PMCID: PMC9653297 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4304790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The formation of foam cells is a characteristic of the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. ATP-binding cassette subfamily A1 and G1 (ABCA1 and ABCG1) and scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) play critical roles in promoting intracellular cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1). We attempted to test the effect of the tetramethylpyrazine-paeoniflorin pair (TP) on cholesterol outflow in foam cells derived from macrophages. In this study, RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with 80 mg/L oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 24 h to obtain foam cells. Then they were intervened with TP (tetramethylpyrazine 40 ug/ml plus paeoniflorin 80 ug/ml) for additional 24 h. The distribution of cholesterol in foam cells was evaluated by oil red O staining. The contents of total cholesterol (TC) and free cholesterol (FC) were assessed with commercial kits. Fluorescent imaging was observed with a fluorescent inverted microscope. The capacity of cholesterol efflux was measured with a fluorescent plate reader, and the transcript and protein levels of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 were detected by Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reactions (Q-PCRs). Cytokines in the medium were detected by ELISA and adjusted by total cellular proteins. The results showed that TP decreased ox-LDL-induced cholesterol deposition and foam cell formation by promoting cholesterol efflux to apoA1, which was related to the upregulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1. Moreover, TP decreased the secretion of ox-LDL-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), an important profoam cell cytokine in atherosclerosis.
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Ma X, Wang J, Li Z, Zhou X, Liang X, Wang J, Duan Y, Zhao P. Early Assessment of Atherosclerotic Lesions and Vulnerable Plaques in vivo by Targeting Apoptotic Macrophages with AV Nanobubbles. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4933-4946. [PMID: 36275481 PMCID: PMC9581080 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s382738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The early detection of atherosclerotic lesions is particularly important for risk prediction of acute cardiovascular events. Macrophages apoptosis was significantly associated with the degree of AS lesions and especially contributed to plaque vulnerability. In this research, we mainly sought to explore the feasibility of a home-made AV-nanobubbles (NBAV) for visualization of apoptotic macrophages and assessment of atherosclerosis (AS) lesions by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging. Methods NBAV were prepared by “Optimized Thin-Film Hydration” and “Biotin-Avidin-Biotin” methods. Then, the characterization and echogenicity of NBAV were measured and analyzed in vitro. The targeting ability of NBAV to ox-LDL–induced apoptotic macrophages was observed by laser scanning confocal microscope. The ApoE−/− mice mode fed with high fat diet were observed by high-frequency ultrasound, microanatomy and oil red O staining. CEUS imaging in vivo was performed on AS plaques with NBAV and NBCtrl injection through the tail vein in turn in ApoE−/− mice. After CEUS imaging, the plaques were confirmed and analyzed by histopathological and immunological assessment. Results The prepared NBAV had a nano-scale size distribution with a low PDI and a negative zeta potential. Moreover, NBAV showed an excellent stability and exhibited a significantly echogenic signal than saline in vitro. In addition, we found that NBAV could target apoptotic macrophages induced by ox-LDL. Compared with NBCtrl, CEUS imaging of NBAV showed strong and sustained echo enhancement in plaque area of aortic arch in vivo. Further research showed that NBAV sensitive plaques presented more significant pathological changes with several vulnerable plaque features and abundant TUNEL-positive area. Conclusion NBAV displayed a sensitive indicator to evaluate apoptotic macrophages, indicating a promising CEUS molecular probe for AS lesions and vulnerable plaques identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Ma
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Tang Du Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, People’s Republic of China,Ultrasonic Department, Lin Tong Rehabilitation and Convalescent Center, Lintong, 710600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Tang Du Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhelong Li
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Tang Du Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueying Zhou
- Ultrasonic Department, Air Force Hospital of Central Theater, Datong, 037006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Tang Du Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tang Du Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunyou Duan
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Tang Du Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Tang Du Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Ping Zhao; Yunyou Duan, Email ;
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Chumakova SP, Urazova OI, Shipulin VM, Denisenko OA, Kononova TE, Nevskaya KV, Andreev SL. Differentiation and subpopulation composition of VEGFR2+ cells in the blood and bone marrow in ischemic cardiomyopathy. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2022-3-120-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aim. To identify disturbances of differentiation and subpopulation composition of VEGFR2+ cells in the blood and bone marrow associated with the features of the cytokine profile in the blood and bone marrow in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with and without ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).Materials and methods. The study included 74 patients with СAD with and without ICM (30 and 44 people, respectively) and 18 healthy donors. In all patients with СAD, peripheral blood sampling was performed immediately before coronary artery bypass grafting, and bone marrow samples were taken during the surgery via a sternal incision. In the healthy donors, only peripheral blood sampling was performed. In the bone marrow and blood samples, the number of VEGFR2+ cells (CD14+VEGFR2+ cells) and their immunophenotypes CD14++CD16-VEGFR2+, CD14++CD16+VEGFR2+, CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+, and CD14+CD16-VEGFR2+ was determined by flow cytometry. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of VЕGF-А, TNFα, M-CSF, and IL-13, as well as the content of MCP-1 (only in the blood) and the M-CSF / IL-13 ratio (only in the bone marrow) were determined.Results. The content of CD14+VEGFR2+ cells in the blood of CAD patients with and without ICM was higher than normal values due to the greater number of CD14++CD16-VEGFR2+, CD14++CD16+VEGFR2+, and CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+. In the bone marrow of the patients with ICM, the content of CD14++CD16-VEGFR2+, CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+, and CD14+CD16-VEGFR2+ was lower than in patients with CAD without ICM, and the number of CD14++CD16+VEGFR2+ cells corresponded to that in the controls. Regardless of the presence of ICM in CAD, a high concentration of TNFα and normal levels of VEGF-A and IL-13 were observed in the blood. In CAD without ICM, an excess of MCP-1 and deficiency of M-CSF were revealed in the blood. In the bone marrow, the levels of VEGF-A, TNFα, M-CSF, and IL-13 were comparable between the groups of patients against the background of a decrease in the M-CSF / IL-13 ratio in the patients with ICM.Conclusion. Unlike CAD without cardiomyopathy, in ICM, no excess of VEGFR2+ cells and MCP-1 in the blood is observed, which hinders active migration of CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+ cells from the myeloid tissue, and a decrease in the M-CSF / IL-13 ratio in the bone marrow disrupts differentiation of other forms of VEGFR2+ cells, preventing vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O. I. Urazova
- Siberian State Medical University; Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR)
| | - V. M. Shipulin
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC), Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - O. A. Denisenko
- Siberian State Medical University; Tomsk Regional Blood Center
| | | | | | - S. L. Andreev
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC), Russian Academy of Sciences
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15
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Tang PCT, Chung JYF, Liao J, Chan MKK, Chan ASW, Cheng G, Li C, Huang XR, Ng CSH, Lam EWF, Zhang D, Ho YP, To KF, Leung KT, Jiang X, Ko H, Lee TL, Lan HY, Tang PMK. Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovers a neuron-like macrophage subset associated with cancer pain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5535. [PMID: 36206343 PMCID: PMC9544324 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumor innervation is a common phenomenon with unknown mechanism. Here, we discovered a direct mechanism of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) for promoting de novo neurogenesis via a subset showing neuronal phenotypes and pain receptor expression associated with cancer-driven nocifensive behaviors. This subset is rich in lung adenocarcinoma associated with poorer prognosis. By elucidating the transcriptome dynamics of TAM with single-cell resolution, we discovered a phenomenon "macrophage to neuron-like cell transition" (MNT) for directly promoting tumoral neurogenesis, evidenced by macrophage depletion and fate-mapping study in lung carcinoma models. Encouragingly, we detected neuronal phenotypes and activities of the bone marrow-derived MNT cells (MNTs) in vitro. Adoptive transfer of MNTs into NOD/SCID mice markedly enhanced their cancer-associated nocifensive behaviors. We identified macrophage-specific Smad3 as a pivotal regulator for promoting MNT at the genomic level; its disruption effectively blocked the tumor innervation and cancer-dependent nocifensive behaviors in vivo. Thus, MNT may represent a precision therapeutic target for cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jeff Yat-Fai Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jinyue Liao
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Max Kam-Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Alex Siu-Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Guangyao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chunjie Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Calvin Sze-Hang Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510060, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ho Ko
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tin-Lap Lee
- Reproduction, Development and Endocrinology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077 Hong Kong SAR
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Sudhahar V, Shi Y, Kaplan JH, Ushio-Fukai M, Fukai T. Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing Analyses of Nuclear Antixoxidant-1 in Endothelial Cells: Role in Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. Cells 2022; 11:2919. [PMID: 36139494 PMCID: PMC9496719 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, oxidative stress, and copper (Cu) play an important role in cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis. We previously reported that cytosolic Cu chaperone antioxidant-1 (Atox1) translocates to the nucleus in response to inflammatory cytokines or exogenous Cu and that Atox1 is localized at the nucleus in the endothelium of inflamed atherosclerotic aorta. However, the roles of nuclear Atox1 and their function are poorly understood. Here we showed that Atox1 deficiency in ApoE-/- mice with a Western diet exhibited a significant reduction of atherosclerotic lesion formation. In vitro, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of nuclear-targeted Atox1 (Ad-Atox1-NLS) in cultured human endothelial cells (ECs) increased monocyte adhesion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production compared to control cells (Ad-null). To address the underlying mechanisms, we performed genome-wide mapping of Atox1-regulated targets in ECs, using an unbiased systemic approach integrating sequencing data. Combination of ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq analyses in ECs transfected with Ad-Atox1-NLS or Ad-null identified 1387 differentially expressed genes (DEG). Motif enrichment assay and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 248 differentially expressed genes, including inflammatory and angiogenic genes, were regulated by Atox1-NLS, which was then confirmed by real-time qPCR. Among these genes, functional analysis of inflammatory responses identified CD137, CSF1, and IL5RA as new nuclear Atox1-targeted inflammatory genes, while CD137 is also a key regulator of Atox1-NLS-induced ROS production. These findings uncover new nuclear Atox1 downstream targets involved in inflammation and ROS production and provide insights into the nuclear Atox1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varadarajan Sudhahar
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Population Health Science, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jack H. Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Tohru Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA
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Cao Z, Yuan G, Zeng L, Bai L, Liu X, Wu M, Sun R, Chen Z, Jiang Y, Gao Q, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Wang J. Macrophage-Targeted Sonodynamic/Photothermal Synergistic Therapy for Preventing Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression Using CuS/TiO 2 Heterostructured Nanosheets. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10608-10622. [PMID: 35759554 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are two effective strategies for the treatment of atherosclerotic plaques. However, the low yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of conventional organic sonosensitizers and the low biosafety of hyperthermia limit the therapeutic efficacy of SDT and PTT. Herein, we report copper sulfide/titanium oxide heterostructure nanosheets modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) and PEG (HA-HNSs) for low-intensity sonodynamic and mild-photothermal synergistic therapy for early atherosclerotic plaques. CuS/TiO2 heterostructure nanosheets (HNSs) show high electron-hole separation efficiency and superior sonodynamic performance, because it has high surface energy crystal facets as well as a narrow band. Moreover, HNSs exhibit intense absorbance in the NIR-II region, which endows the nanosheets with excellent photothermal performance. With a further modification of HA, HA-HNSs can selectively target intraplaque proinflammatory macrophages through CD44-HA interaction. Because SDT reduces the expression of heat shock protein 90 and PTT facilitates the sonocatalytic process, the combination of SDT and PTT based on HA-HNSs could synergistically induce proinflammatory macrophage apoptosis. More importantly, the synergistic therapy prevents the progression of early atherosclerotic plaque by removing lesional macrophages and mitigating inflammation. Taken together, this work provides a macrophage-targeting sonodynamic/photothermal synergistic therapy, which is an effective translational clinical intervention for early atherosclerotic plaques.
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Jiang Y, Cai Y, Hu J, Zhang X, Lei J, Peng Z, Huang Q, Xu Z, Li B, Qin J, Li W, Sun D, Ye K, Lu X. Adhesive hydrogel wrap loaded with Netrin-1-modified adipose-derived stem cells: An effective approach against periarterial inflammation after endovascular intervention. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:944435. [PMID: 35935480 PMCID: PMC9355160 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.944435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endovascular interventions, such as balloon dilation and stent implantation, are currently recommended as the primary treatment for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), greatly improving patient prognosis. However, the consequent lumen restenosis that occurs after endovascular interventions has become an important clinical problem. Inflammation has been proven to be crucial to postoperative restenosis. In previous studies we have identified that Netrin-1-modified adipose-derived stem cells (N-ADSCs) transplantation is an effective anti-inflammatory strategy to repair vascular damage. Nevertheless, it remained to be explored how one could constantly deliver N-ADSCs onto damaged arteries. Therefore, we developed an adhesive double network (DN) hydrogel wrap loaded with N-ADSCs for sustained perivascular delivery. Inspired by the adhesion mechanism of mussels, we developed an adhesive and tough polyacrylamide/calcium-alginate/reduced graphene oxide/polydopamine (PAM/CA/rGO/PDA) hydrogel. Dopamine was attached to graphene sheets and limitedly oxidized to generate free catechol groups. The hydrogel could wrap damaged arteries and induce anti-inflammatory effects through N-ADSCs. In vitro experiments demonstrated that N-ADSCs significantly promoted the M2 polarization of macrophages to anti-inflammatory phenotypes and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors. In vivo experiments in a rat carotid artery guidewire injury model showed that the adhesive hydrogel wrap loaded with N-ADSCs could significantly reduce arterial inflammation, inhibit intimal hyperplasia and improve re-endothelialization. Altogether, this newly developed N-ADSCs-loaded hydrogel wrap provides an effective slow-releasing system, which may be a promising way to prevent and treat restenosis after endovascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiateng Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xing Zhang, ; Dazhi Sun, ; Kaichuang Ye, ; Xinwu Lu,
| | - Jiahao Lei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxi Peng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijue Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinbao Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dazhi Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Xing Zhang, ; Dazhi Sun, ; Kaichuang Ye, ; Xinwu Lu,
| | - Kaichuang Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xing Zhang, ; Dazhi Sun, ; Kaichuang Ye, ; Xinwu Lu,
| | - Xinwu Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xing Zhang, ; Dazhi Sun, ; Kaichuang Ye, ; Xinwu Lu,
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19
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Duong L, Pixley FJ, Nelson DJ, Jackaman C. Aging Leads to Increased Monocytes and Macrophages With Altered CSF-1 Receptor Expression and Earlier Tumor-Associated Macrophage Expansion in Murine Mesothelioma. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:848925. [PMID: 35821822 PMCID: PMC9261395 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.848925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Increased cancer incidence occurs with the emergence of immunosenescence, highlighting the indispensability of the immune system in preventing cancer and its dysregulation with aging. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are often present in high numbers and are associated with poor clinical outcomes in solid cancers, including mesothelioma. Monocytes and macrophages from the bone marrow and spleen can respond to tumor-derived factors, such as CSF-1, and initiation of the CSF-1R signaling cascade results in their proliferation, differentiation, and migration to the tumor. Age-related changes occur in monocytes and macrophages in terms of numbers and function, which in turn can impact tumor initiation and progression. Whether this is due to changes in CSF-1R expression with aging is currently unknown and was investigated in this study. We examined monocytes and macrophages in the bone marrow and spleen during healthy aging in young (3–4 months) and elderly (20–24 months) female C57BL/6J mice. Additionally, changes to these tissues and in TAMs were examined during AE17 mesothelioma tumor growth. Healthy aging resulted in an expansion of Ly6Chigh monocytes and macrophages in the bone marrow and spleen. CSF-1R expression levels were reduced in elderly splenic macrophages only, suggesting differences in CSF-1R signaling between both cell type and tissue site. In tumor-bearing mice, Ly6Chigh monocytes increased with tumor growth in the spleen in the elderly and increased intracellular CSF-1R expression occurred in bone marrow Ly6Chigh monocytes in elderly mice bearing large tumors. Age-related changes to bone marrow and splenic Ly6Chigh monocytes were reflected in the tumor, where we observed increased Ly6Chigh TAMs earlier and expansion of Ly6Clow TAMs later during AE17 tumor growth in the elderly compared to young mice. F4/80high TAMs increased with tumor growth in both young and elderly mice and were the largest subset of TAMs in the tumor. Together, this suggests there may be a faster transition of Ly6Chigh towards F4/80high TAMs with aging. Amongst TAM subsets, expression of CSF-1R was lowest in F4/80high TAMs, however Ly6Clow TAMs had higher intracellular CSF-1R expression. This suggests downstream CSF-1R signaling may vary between macrophage subsets, which can have implications towards CSF-1R blockade therapies targeting macrophages in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelinh Duong
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fiona J. Pixley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Delia J. Nelson
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Connie Jackaman
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Connie Jackaman,
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20
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von Ehr A, Bode C, Hilgendorf I. Macrophages in Atheromatous Plaque Developmental Stages. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:865367. [PMID: 35548412 PMCID: PMC9081876 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.865367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathomechanism leading to cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction or stroke. There is consensus that atherosclerosis is not only a metabolic disorder but rather a chronic inflammatory disease influenced by various immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Macrophages constitute the largest population of inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic lesions. They play a critical role in all stages of atherogenesis. The heterogenous macrophage population can be subdivided on the basis of their origins into resident, yolk sac and fetal liver monocyte-derived macrophages and postnatal monocyte-derived, recruited macrophages. Recent transcriptomic analyses revealed that the major macrophage populations in atherosclerosis include resident, inflammatory and foamy macrophages, representing a more functional classification. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the trafficking, fate, and functional aspects of the different macrophage populations in the "life cycle" of an atheromatous plaque. Understanding the chronic inflammatory state in atherosclerotic lesions is an important basis for developing new therapeutic approaches to abolish lesion growth and promote plaque regression in addition to general cholesterol lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander von Ehr
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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21
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Li H, Cao Z, Wang L, Liu C, Lin H, Tang Y, Yao P. Macrophage Subsets and Death Are Responsible for Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843712. [PMID: 35432323 PMCID: PMC9007036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, the notorious killer, are mainly caused by atherosclerosis (AS) characterized by lipids, cholesterol, and iron overload in plaques. Macrophages are effector cells and accumulate to the damaged and inflamed sites of arteries to internalize native and chemically modified lipoproteins to transform them into cholesterol-loaded foam cells. Foam cell formation is determined by the capacity of phagocytosis, migration, scavenging, and the features of phenotypes. Macrophages are diverse, and the subsets and functions are controlled by their surrounding microenvironment. Generally, macrophages are divided into classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2). Recently, intraplaque macrophage phenotypes are recognized by the stimulation of CXCL4 (M4), oxidized phospholipids (Mox), hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes [HA-mac/M(Hb)], and heme (Mhem). The pro-atherogenic or anti-atherosclerotic phenotypes of macrophages decide the progression of AS. Besides, apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, autophagy and pyrotopsis determine plaque formation and cardiovascular vulnerability, which may be associated with macrophage polarization phenotypes. In this review, we first summarize the three most popular hypotheses for AS and find the common key factors for further discussion. Secondly, we discuss the factors affecting macrophage polarization and five types of macrophage death in AS progression, especially ferroptosis. A comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of plaque formation is conducive to disentangling the candidate targets of macrophage-targeting therapies for clinical intervention at various stages of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongkun Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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22
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Howe KL, Cybulsky M, Fish JE. The Endothelium as a Hub for Cellular Communication in Atherogenesis: Is There Directionality to the Message? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:888390. [PMID: 35498030 PMCID: PMC9051343 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.888390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells line every blood vessel and thereby serve as an interface between the blood and the vessel wall. They have critical functions for maintaining homeostasis and orchestrating vascular pathogenesis. Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease where cholesterol and inflammatory cells accumulate in the artery wall below the endothelial layer and ultimately form plaques that can either progress to occlude the lumen or rupture with thromboembolic consequences – common outcomes being myocardial infarction and stroke. Cellular communication lies at the core of this process. In this review, we discuss traditional (e.g., cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide) and novel (e.g., extracellular vesicles) modes of endothelial communication with other endothelial cells as well as circulating and vessel wall cells, including monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, vascular smooth muscle cells and other immune cells, in the context of atherosclerosis. More recently, the growing appreciation of endothelial cell plasticity during atherogenesis suggests that communication strategies are not static. Here, emerging data on transcriptomics in cells during the development of atherosclerosis are considered in the context of how this might inform altered cell-cell communication. Given the unique position of the endothelium as a boundary layer that is activated in regions overlying vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque, there is a potential to exploit the unique features of this group of cells to deliver therapeutics that target the cellular crosstalk at the core of atherosclerotic disease. Data are discussed supporting this concept, as well as inherent pitfalls. Finally, we briefly review the literature for other regions of the body (e.g., gut epithelium) where cells similarly exist as a boundary layer but provide discrete messages to each compartment to govern homeostasis and disease. In this light, the potential for endothelial cells to communicate in a directional manner is explored, along with the implications of this concept – from fundamental experimental design to biomarker potential and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Howe
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Kathryn L. Howe
| | - Myron Cybulsky
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason E. Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Misra A, Rehan R, Lin A, Patel S, Fisher EA. Emerging Concepts of Vascular Cell Clonal Expansion in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e74-e84. [PMID: 35109671 PMCID: PMC8988894 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clonal expansion is a process that can drive pathogenesis in human diseases, with atherosclerosis being a prominent example. Despite advances in understanding the etiology of atherosclerosis, clonality studies of vascular cells remain in an early stage. Recently, several paradigm-shifting preclinical studies have identified clonal expansion of progenitor cells in the vasculature in response to atherosclerosis. This review provides an overview of cell clonality in atherosclerotic progression, focusing particularly on smooth muscle cells and macrophages. We discuss key findings from the latest research that give insight into the mechanisms by which clonal expansion of vascular cells contributes to disease pathology. The further probing of these mechanisms will provide innovative directions for future progress in the understanding and therapy of atherosclerosis and its associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Misra
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rajan Rehan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Alexander Lin
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Tang PC, Chung JY, Xue VW, Xiao J, Meng X, Huang X, Zhou S, Chan AS, Tsang AC, Cheng AS, Lee T, Leung K, Lam EW, To K, Tang PM, Lan H. Smad3 Promotes Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Generation via Macrophage-Myofibroblast Transition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2101235. [PMID: 34791825 PMCID: PMC8728853 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important in tumor microenvironment (TME) driven cancer progression. However, CAFs are heterogeneous and still largely underdefined, better understanding their origins will identify new therapeutic strategies for cancer. Here, the authors discovered a new role of macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) in cancer for de novo generating protumoral CAFs by resolving the transcriptome dynamics of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) with single-cell resolution. MMT cells (MMTs) are observed in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) associated with CAF abundance and patient mortality. By fate-mapping study, RNA velocity, and pseudotime analysis, existence of novel macrophage-lineage-derived CAF subset in the TME of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model is confirmed, which is directly transited via MMT from M2-TAM in vivo and bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) in vitro. Adoptive transfer of BMDM-derived MMTs markedly promote CAF formation in LLC-bearing mice. Mechanistically, a Smad3-centric regulatory network is upregulated in the MMTs of NSCLC, where chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq) detects a significant enrichment of Smad3 binding on fibroblast differentiation genes in the macrophage-lineage cells in LLC-tumor. More importantly, macrophage-specific deletion and pharmaceutical inhibition of Smad3 effectively block MMT, therefore, suppressing the CAF formation and cancer progression in vivo. Thus, MMT may represent a novel therapeutic target of CAF for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Chiu‐Tsun Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyState Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Jeff Yat‐Fai Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyState Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Vivian Wei‐wen Xue
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyState Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | | | - Xiao‐Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney DiseasesGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyTongji University School of MedicineTongji University Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
| | - Alex Siu‐Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social SciencesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Anna Chi‐Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyState Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | | | - Tin‐Lap Lee
- ReproductionDevelopment and Endocrinology ProgramSchool of Biomedical SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Kam‐Tong Leung
- Department of PaediatricsPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Eric W.‐F. Lam
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510060China
| | - Ka‐Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyState Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Patrick Ming‐Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyState Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Hui‐Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong‐Guangdong Academy of Sciences/Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Joint Research Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney DiseasesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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25
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Farahi L, Sinha SK, Lusis AJ. Roles of Macrophages in Atherogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:785220. [PMID: 34899348 PMCID: PMC8660976 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that may ultimately lead to local proteolysis, plaque rupture, and thrombotic vascular disease, resulting in myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. Circulating monocytes are recruited to the arterial wall in response to inflammatory insults and differentiate into macrophages which make a critical contribution to tissue damage, wound healing, and also regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Within plaques, macrophages take up aggregated lipoproteins which have entered the vessel wall to give rise to cholesterol-engorged foam cells. Also, the macrophage phenotype is influenced by various stimuli which affect their polarization, efferocytosis, proliferation, and apoptosis. The heterogeneity of macrophages in lesions has recently been addressed by single-cell sequencing techniques. This article reviews recent advances regarding the roles of macrophages in different stages of disease pathogenesis from initiation to advanced atherosclerosis. Macrophage-based therapies for atherosclerosis management are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Farahi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Satyesh K. Sinha
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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26
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Tomas L, Prica F, Schulz C. Trafficking of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Healthy Arteries and Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718432. [PMID: 34759917 PMCID: PMC8573388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages play essential roles in all stages of atherosclerosis – from early precursor lesions to advanced stages of the disease. Intima-resident macrophages are among the first cells to be confronted with the influx and retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins at the onset of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis development. In this review, we outline the trafficking of monocytes and macrophages in and out of the healthy aorta, as well as the adaptation of their migratory behaviour during hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, we discuss the functional and ontogenetic composition of the aortic pool of mononuclear phagocytes and its link to the atherosclerotic disease process. The development of mouse models of atherosclerosis regression in recent years, has enabled scientists to investigate the behaviour of monocytes and macrophages during the resolution of atherosclerosis. Herein, we describe the dynamics of these mononuclear phagocytes upon cessation of hypercholesterolemia and how they contribute to the restoration of tissue homeostasis. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into the trafficking, fate and disease-relevant dynamics of monocytes and macrophages during atherosclerosis, and to highlight remaining questions. We focus on the results of rodent studies, as analysis of cellular fates requires experimental manipulations that cannot be performed in humans but point out findings that could be replicated in human tissues. Understanding of the biology of macrophages in atherosclerosis provides an important basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to limit lesion formation and promote plaque regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Tomas
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Filip Prica
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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27
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Park SH. Regulation of Macrophage Activation and Differentiation in Atherosclerosis. J Lipid Atheroscler 2021; 10:251-267. [PMID: 34621697 PMCID: PMC8473962 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.3.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and macrophages play a central role in controlling inflammation at all stages of atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages are continuously exposed to cholesterol, oxidized lipids, cell debris, cytokines, and chemokines. Not only do these stimuli induce a specific macrophage phenotype, but they also interact extensively, leading to macrophage heterogeneity in atherosclerotic plaques. Herein, we review the diverse phenotypes of macrophages, the mechanisms underlying macrophage activation, and the contributions of macrophages to atherosclerosis in this context. We also summarize recent studies on foamy macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages in plaque during disease progression. We provide a comprehensive overview of transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic reprogramming of macrophages and discuss the emerging concepts of targeting cytokines and macrophages to modulate atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea
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Rasheed A, Rayner KJ. Macrophage Responses to Environmental Stimuli During Homeostasis and Disease. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:407-435. [PMID: 33523133 PMCID: PMC8284619 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Work over the last 40 years has described macrophages as a heterogeneous population that serve as the frontline surveyors of tissue immunity. As a class, macrophages are found in almost every tissue in the body and as distinct populations within discrete microenvironments in any given tissue. During homeostasis, macrophages protect these tissues by clearing invading foreign bodies and/or mounting immune responses. In addition to varying identities regulated by transcriptional programs shaped by their respective environments, macrophage metabolism serves as an additional regulator to temper responses to extracellular stimuli. The area of research known as "immunometabolism" has been established within the last decade, owing to an increase in studies focusing on the crosstalk between altered metabolism and the regulation of cellular immune processes. From this research, macrophages have emerged as a prime focus of immunometabolic studies, although macrophage metabolism and their immune responses have been studied for centuries. During disease, the metabolic profile of the tissue and/or systemic regulators, such as endocrine factors, become increasingly dysregulated. Owing to these changes, macrophage responses can become skewed to promote further pathophysiologic changes. For instance, during diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis, macrophages favor a proinflammatory phenotype; whereas in the tumor microenvironment, macrophages elicit an anti-inflammatory response to enhance tumor growth. Herein we have described how macrophages respond to extracellular cues including inflammatory stimuli, nutrient availability, and endocrine factors that occur during and further promote disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Rasheed
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katey J Rayner
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Kim KW, Ivanov S, Williams JW. Monocyte Recruitment, Specification, and Function in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 10:E15. [PMID: 33374145 PMCID: PMC7823291 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic lesions progress through the continued recruitment of circulating blood monocytes that differentiate into macrophages within plaque. Lesion-associated macrophages are the primary immune cells present in plaque, where they take up cholesterol and store lipids in the form of small droplets resulting in a unique morphology termed foam cell. Recent scientific advances have used single-cell gene expression profiling, live-cell imaging, and fate mapping approaches to describe macrophage and monocyte contributions to pro- or anti-inflammatory mechanisms, in addition to functions of motility and proliferation within lesions. Yet, many questions regarding tissue-specific regulation of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and the contribution of recruited monocytes at stages of atherosclerotic disease progression remain unknown. In this review, we highlight recent advances regarding the role of monocyte and macrophage dynamics in atherosclerotic disease and identify gaps in knowledge that we hope will allow for advancing therapeutic treatment or prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Stoyan Ivanov
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire C3M, Université Côte Azur, 06204 Nice, France;
| | - Jesse W. Williams
- Center for Immunology, Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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30
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Härdtner C, Kornemann J, Krebs K, Ehlert CA, Jander A, Zou J, Starz C, Rauterberg S, Sharipova D, Dufner B, Hoppe N, Dederichs TS, Willecke F, Stachon P, Heidt T, Wolf D, von Zur Mühlen C, Madl J, Kohl P, Kaeser R, Boettler T, Pieterman EJ, Princen HMG, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Swirski FK, Robbins CS, Bode C, Zirlik A, Hilgendorf I. Inhibition of macrophage proliferation dominates plaque regression in response to cholesterol lowering. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:78. [PMID: 33296022 PMCID: PMC7725697 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-00838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Statins induce plaque regression characterized by reduced macrophage content in humans, but the underlying mechanisms remain speculative. Studying the translational APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mouse model with a humanized lipoprotein metabolism, we find that systemic cholesterol lowering by oral atorvastatin or dietary restriction inhibits monocyte infiltration, and reverses macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques. Contrary to current believes, none of (1) reduced monocyte influx (studied by cell fate mapping in thorax-shielded irradiation bone marrow chimeras), (2) enhanced macrophage egress (studied by fluorescent bead labeling and transfer), or (3) atorvastatin accumulation in murine or human plaque (assessed by mass spectrometry) could adequately account for the observed loss in macrophage content in plaques that undergo phenotypic regression. Instead, suppression of local proliferation of macrophages dominates phenotypic plaque regression in response to cholesterol lowering: the lower the levels of serum LDL-cholesterol and lipid contents in murine aortic and human carotid artery plaques, the lower the rates of in situ macrophage proliferation. Our study identifies macrophage proliferation as the predominant turnover determinant and an attractive target for inducing plaque regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Härdtner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Kornemann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Krebs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carolin A Ehlert
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alina Jander
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jiadai Zou
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Starz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Rauterberg
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Diana Sharipova
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Dufner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Hoppe
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tsai-Sang Dederichs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Willecke
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Stachon
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timo Heidt
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constantin von Zur Mühlen
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josef Madl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rafael Kaeser
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elsbeth J Pieterman
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)-Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hans M G Princen
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)-Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Benoît Ho-Tin-Noé
- INSERM Unit 1148, University Paris Diderot, and Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center of Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clinton S Robbins
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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