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Busnelli M, Colombo A, Manzini S, Franchi E, Chiesa G. The transcriptome profiling of diseased mouse aortas discloses a dysregulation of the sympathetic neurotransmission in atherosclerosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31852. [PMID: 38841495 PMCID: PMC11152669 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous reports suggest an association between the development of atherosclerosis and alterations in the aortic sympathetic nervous system, but there is no agreement on whether atherosclerotic plaques are accompanied by increased or decreased sympathetic innervation in the arterial wall. In the present study, the aortic transcriptional profile of mice with different predisposition to atherosclerosis was investigated to clarify how the expression of genes involved in sympathetic neurotransmission varied. Eight-week-old C57Bl/6J control mice, Apoe knockout mice (EKO), EKO mice overexpressing human apoA-I (EKO/hA-I) and double Apoe/Apoa1 knockout mice (DKO) mice were fed either a standard rodent diet or a Western-type diet for 22 weeks. Atherosclerosis was quantified, and the aortic transcriptome was analyzed by RNAseq. Western-type diet administration deeply modified the aortic transcriptome. In the genetically modified atherosclerosis-prone mouse lines, an upregulated expression of genes associated with the immunomodulatory response was observed, paralleled by a downregulated expression of the genes related to sympathetic nervous system. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the presence of advanced atherosclerosis was accompanied by reduced neuronal generation, modulation of synapse chemical transmission, and catecholamine biosynthesis, supporting a relationship between atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, and sympathetic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Elsa Franchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Zhen J, Li X, Yu H, Du B. High-density lipoprotein mimetic nano-therapeutics targeting monocytes and macrophages for improved cardiovascular care: a comprehensive review. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:263. [PMID: 38760755 PMCID: PMC11100215 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases continues to be a challenge for global health, necessitating innovative solutions. The potential of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) mimetic nanotherapeutics in the context of cardiovascular disease and the intricate mechanisms underlying the interactions between monocyte-derived cells and HDL mimetic showing their impact on inflammation, cellular lipid metabolism, and the progression of atherosclerotic plaque. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that HDL mimetic nanotherapeutics can regulate monocyte recruitment and macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, suggesting their potential to impede the progression of atherosclerosis. The challenges and opportunities associated with the clinical application of HDL mimetic nanotherapeutics, emphasize the need for additional research to gain a better understanding of the precise molecular pathways and long-term effects of these nanotherapeutics on monocytes and macrophages to maximize their therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the use of nanotechnology in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases highlights the potential of nanoparticles for targeted treatments. Moreover, the concept of theranostics combines therapy and diagnosis to create a selective platform for the conversion of traditional therapeutic medications into specialized and customized treatments. The multifaceted contributions of HDL to cardiovascular and metabolic health via highlight its potential to improve plaque stability and avert atherosclerosis-related problems. There is a need for further research to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of HDL mimetic nanotherapeutics and to develop targeted treatment approaches to prevent atherosclerosis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of nanotherapeutics in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions to address the challenges posed by cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhen
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Bing Du
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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3
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Hernandez Torres LD, Rezende F, Peschke E, Will O, Hövener JB, Spiecker F, Özorhan Ü, Lampe J, Stölting I, Aherrahrou Z, Künne C, Kusche-Vihrog K, Matschl U, Hille S, Brandes RP, Schwaninger M, Müller OJ, Raasch W. Incidence of microvascular dysfunction is increased in hyperlipidemic mice, reducing cerebral blood flow and impairing remote memory. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1338458. [PMID: 38469142 PMCID: PMC10925718 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1338458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The development of cognitive dysfunction is not necessarily associated with diet-induced obesity. We hypothesized that cognitive dysfunction might require additional vascular damage, for example, in atherosclerotic mice. Methods We induced atherosclerosis in male C57BL/6N mice by injecting AAV-PCSK9DY (2x1011 VG) and feeding them a cholesterol-rich Western diet. After 3 months, mice were examined for cognition using Barnes maze procedure and for cerebral blood flow. Cerebral vascular morphology was examined by immunehistology. Results In AAV-PCSK9DY-treated mice, plaque burden, plasma cholesterol, and triglycerides are elevated. RNAseq analyses followed by KEGG annotation show increased expression of genes linked to inflammatory processes in the aortas of these mice. In AAV-PCSK9DY-treated mice learning was delayed and long-term memory impaired. Blood flow was reduced in the cingulate cortex (-17%), caudate putamen (-15%), and hippocampus (-10%). Immunohistological studies also show an increased incidence of string vessels and pericytes (CD31/Col IV staining) in the hippocampus accompanied by patchy blood-brain barrier leaks (IgG staining) and increased macrophage infiltrations (CD68 staining). Discussion We conclude that the hyperlipidemic PCSK9DY mouse model can serve as an appropriate approach to induce microvascular dysfunction that leads to reduced blood flow in the hippocampus, which could explain the cognitive dysfunction in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia Rezende
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Eva Peschke
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olga Will
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frauke Spiecker
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ümit Özorhan
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Josephine Lampe
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ines Stölting
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University Lübeck; University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carsten Künne
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Kusche-Vihrog
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Physiology, University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Urte Matschl
- Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Hille
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf P. Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- CBBM (Centre for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Oliver J. Müller
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Walter Raasch
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- CBBM (Centre for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Liu K, Wan G, Li Y, Liang Z, Meng Y, Yuan X, Duan J. Co-Analysis of Serum and Urine Differentially Expressed Proteins in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:718-727. [PMID: 38164767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by the deficiency of the enzyme α-l-iduronidase (IDUA), typically leading to devastating secondary pathophysiological cascades. Due to the irreversible nature of the disease's progression, early diagnosis and interventional treatment has become particularly crucial. Considering the fact that serum and urine are the most commonly used specimens in clinical practice for detection, we conducted an analysis to identify the differential protein profile in the serum and urine of MPS I patients using the tandem mass tag (TMT) technique. A total of 182 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected in serum, among which 9 showed significant differences as confirmed by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis. The proteins APOA1 and LGFBP3 were downregulated in serum, while the expression levels of ALDOB, CD163, CRTAC1, DPP4, LAMP2, SHBG, and SPP2 exhibited an increase. In further exploratory studies of urinary proteomics, 32 identified DEPs were consistent with the discovered findings in serum tests, specifically displaying a high diagnostic area under the curve (AUC) value. Thus, our study demonstrates the value of serum-urine integrated proteomic analysis in evaluating the clinical course of MPS I and other potential metabolic disorders, shedding light on the importance of early detection and intervention in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Gefan Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yongcong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhenlong Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaozhou Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinyan Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Zhu M, Jin T, Wu D, Zhang S, Wang A. Transcriptomics Analysis Revealed Key Genes Associated with Macrophage Autophagolysosome in Male ApoE -/- Mice Aortic Atherosclerosis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5125-5144. [PMID: 37965353 PMCID: PMC10642550 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s426155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most common cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying atherosclerotic plaque progression remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the genes associated with the development of atherosclerosis in the aorta of ApoE-/- male mice, which could serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in interventions to halt plaque progression. Methods Eight-week-old ApoE-/- mice were fed a normal purified laboratory diet or a Western Diet (WD) for 6 or 22 weeks. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the transcriptomes of the aortas of four groups of mice that were exposed to different dietary conditions. We retrieved and downloaded the human Arteriosclerosis Disease Chip dataset GSE100927 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and selected 29 cases of carotid atherosclerotic lesions and 12 cases of normal carotid tissues as the experimental and control groups, respectively, to further verify our dataset. In addition, we used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QT-PCR) to verify the expression levels of the core genes in an atherosclerosis mouse model. Results There were 265 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the ApoE-/- Male mice AS22W group and Sham22W group. In addition to the well-known activation of inflammation and immune response, t the autophagy-lysosome system is also an important factor that affects the development of atherosclerosis. We identified five core genes (Atp6ap2, Atp6v0b, Atp6v0d2, Atp6v1a, and Atp6v1d) in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network that were closely related to autophagosomes. Hub genes were highly expressed in the carotid atherosclerosis group in the GSE100927 dataset (P < 0.001). QT-PCR showed that the RNA level of Atp6v0d2 increased significantly during the development of atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE-/- male mice. Conclusion Five core genes which affect the development of aortic atherosclerosis through the autophagy-lysosome system, especially Atp6v0d2, were screened and identified using bioinformatic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongyu Jin
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Wu
- Vascular Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanchao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Colombo A, Franchi E, Chiara M, Zaffaroni G, Horner D, Chiesa G. Effect of diet and genotype on the miRNome of mice with altered lipoprotein metabolism. iScience 2023; 26:107615. [PMID: 37664585 PMCID: PMC10474470 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism by which lipid/lipoprotein biosynthesis is regulated in mammals involves a very large number of genes that are subject to multiple levels of regulation. miRNAs are recognized contributors to lipid homeostasis at the post-transcriptional level, although the elucidation of their role is made difficult by the multiplicity of their targets and the ability of more miRNAs to affect the same mRNAs. In this study, an evaluation of how miRNA expression varies in organs playing a key role in lipid/lipoprotein metabolism was conducted in control mice and in two mouse models carrying genetic ablations which differently affect low-density lipoprotein metabolism. Mice were fed a lipid-poor standard diet and a diet enriched in cholesterol and saturated fat. The results obtained showed that there are no miRNAs whose expression constantly vary with dietary or genetic changes. Furthermore, it appears that diet, more than genotype, impacts on organ-specific miRNA expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elsa Franchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Chiara
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Gaia Zaffaroni
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Horner
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Shi K, Hou J, Zhang Q, Bi Y, Zeng X, Wang X. Neutrophil-to-high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio and mortality among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1127913. [PMID: 37215223 PMCID: PMC10198653 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1127913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism disorders contribute to the development and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of lipid-related inflammatory parameters in patients with HCC. Methods From January 2010 to June 2017, we enrolled 1,639 patients with HCC at Beijing Ditan Hospital. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) analysis were used to evaluate and compare the predictability and reliability of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), neutrophil-to-HDL-C ratio (NHR), monocyte-to-HDL-C ratio (MHR), and lymphocyte-to-HDL-C ratio (LHR) values. A restricted cubic spline was used to explore the association between the NHR and 3-year mortality in patients with HCC. Differences in survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. The results were validated in an internal cohort between July 2017 and October 2019 (n = 373). Results After adjusting for confounding variables, NHR was independently associated with 3-year mortality, both as a continuous and categorical variable (both p < 0.05). The correlation between the mortality and the MHR and LHR was not statistically significant. The NHR showed a suitable prognostic value (AUC at 3 years: 0.740), similar to that of the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) (AUC at 3 years: 0.761). In the validation cohort, the AUC of the NHR was 0.734 at 3 years. The optimal cut-off values of NHR and MELD were 3.5 and 9, respectively. The 3-year survival rates in the low- (NHR < 3.5 and MELD <9) and high-risk (NHR ≥ 3.5 and MELD ≥9) groups were 81.8 and 19.4%, respectively, in the training cohort, and 84.6 and 27.5%, respectively, in the validation cohort. Conclusion Baseline NHR is a promising prognostic parameter for mortality in patients with HCC and patients with NHR ≥ 3.5 and MELD ≥9 have a high mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shi
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Hengshui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Bi
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanwei Zeng
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbo Wang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hernandez R, Shi J, Liu J, Li X, Wu J, Zhao L, Zhou T, Chen Q, Zhou C. PANDORA-Seq unveils the hidden small noncoding RNA landscape in atherosclerosis of LDL receptor-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100352. [PMID: 36871792 PMCID: PMC10119612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) play diverse roles in numerous biological processes. While the widely used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) method has advanced sncRNA discovery, RNA modifications can interfere with the complementary DNA library construction process, preventing the discovery of highly modified sncRNAs including transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) and ribosomal RNA-derived small RNAs (rsRNAs) that may have important functions in disease development. To address this technical obstacle, we recently developed a novel PANDORA-Seq (Panoramic RNA Display by Overcoming RNA Modification Aborted Sequencing) method to overcome RNA modification-elicited sequence interferences. To identify novel sncRNAs associated with atherosclerosis development, LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice were fed a low-cholesterol diet or high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 9 weeks. Total RNAs isolated from the intima were subjected to PANDORA-Seq and traditional RNA-Seq. By overcoming RNA modification-elicited limitations, PANDORA-Seq unveiled an rsRNA/tsRNA-enriched sncRNA landscape in the atherosclerotic intima of LDLR-/- mice, which was strikingly different from that detected by traditional RNA-Seq. While microRNAs were the dominant sncRNAs detected by traditional RNA-Seq, PANDORA-Seq substantially increased the reads of rsRNAs and tsRNAs. PANDORA-Seq also detected 1,383 differentially expressed sncRNAs induced by HCD feeding, including 1,160 rsRNAs and 195 tsRNAs. One of HCD-induced intimal tsRNAs, tsRNA-Arg-CCG, may contribute to atherosclerosis development by regulating the proatherogenic gene expression in endothelial cells. Overall, PANDORA-Seq revealed a hidden rsRNA and tsRNA population associated with atherosclerosis development. These understudied tsRNAs and rsRNAs, which are much more abundant than microRNAs in the atherosclerotic intima of LDLR-/- mice, warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hernandez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Junchao Shi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jake Wu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA; Molecular Medicine Program, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Colombo A, Franchi E, Lääperi M, Laaksonen R, Chiesa G. Effect of Diets on Plasma and Aorta Lipidome: A Study in the apoE Knockout Mouse Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200367. [PMID: 36419336 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Specific lipid molecules circulating in plasma at low concentrations have emerged as biomarkers of atherosclerotic risk. The aim of the present study is that of evaluating, in an athero-prone mouse model, how different diets can affect plasma and aorta lipidome. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-six apoE knockout mice are divided in three groups and feed 12 weeks with diets differing for cholesterol and fatty acid content. Atherosclerosis is measured at the aortic sinus and aorta. Lipids are quantified in plasma and aorta with mass spectrometry. The cholesterol content of the diets is the main driver of lipid accumulation in plasma and aorta. The fatty acid composition of the diets affects plasma levels both of essential (linoleic acid) and nonessential (myristic and arachidonic acid) ones. Lipidomics show a comparable distribution, in plasma and aorta, of the main lipid components of oxidized LDL, including cholesteryl esters and lysophosphatidylcholines. Interestingly, lactosylceramide, glucosyl/galactosylceramide, and individual ceramide species are found to accumulate in diseased aortic segments. CONCLUSION Both the cholesterol and fatty acid content of the diets profoundly affect plasma lipidome. Aorta lipidome is likewise affected with the accumulation of specific lipids known as markers of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti, 9, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti, 9, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Alice Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti, 9, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Elsa Franchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti, 9, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | | | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Zora Biosciences Oy, Espoo, 02150, Finland.,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti, 9, Milan, 20133, Italy
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Dynamic Resistance Exercise Alters Blood ApoA-I Levels, Inflammatory Markers, and Metabolic Syndrome Markers in Elderly Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101982. [PMID: 36292427 PMCID: PMC9601716 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined endurance and dynamic-resistance exercise has important anti-inflammatory effects, altering vascular endothelial function, and helping to prevent and treat aging-related metabolic syndrome (MS). We studied changes in 40 elderly women aged ≥ 65 years (control group (no MS), n = 20, mean age: 68.23 ± 2.56 years; MS group, n = 19, mean age: 71.42 ± 5.87 years; one left). The exercise program comprised dynamic-resistance training using elastic bands, three times weekly, for six months. We analyzed body composition, blood pressure, physical fitness, and MS-related blood variables including ApoA-I, antioxidant factors, and inflammatory markers. After the program, the MS group showed significant reductions in waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, blood insulin, and HOMA-IR, and a significant increase in HSP70 (p < 0.05). Both groups showed significant increases in ApoA-I levels, ApoA-I/HDL-C ratio, SOD2, IL-4, and IL-5 levels (p < 0.05). Active-resistance training-induced changes in ApoA-I were significantly positively correlated with changes in HDL-C and HSP70, and significantly negatively correlated with changes in triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Active-resistance training qualitatively altered HDL, mostly by altering ApoA-I levels, relieving vascular inflammation, and improving antioxidant function. This provides evidence that dynamic-resistance exercise can improve physical fitness and MS risk factors in elderly women.
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Colombo A, Franchi E, Bonacina F, Chiara M, Arnaboldi F, Donetti E, Ambrogi F, Oleari R, Lettieri A, Horner D, Scanziani E, Norata GD, Chiesa G. Lack of ApoA-I in ApoEKO Mice Causes Skin Xanthomas, Worsening of Inflammation, and Increased Coronary Atherosclerosis in the Absence of Hyperlipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:839-856. [PMID: 35587694 PMCID: PMC9205301 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and its major protein component, apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I), play a unique role in cholesterol homeostasis and immunity. ApoA-I deficiency in hyperlipidemic, atheroprone mice was shown to drive cholesterol accumulation and inflammatory cell activation/proliferation. The present study was aimed at investigating the impact of apoA-I deficiency on lipid deposition and local/systemic inflammation in normolipidemic conditions. Methods: ApoE deficient mice, apoE/apoA-I double deficient (DKO) mice, DKO mice overexpressing human apoA-I, and C57Bl/6J control mice were fed normal laboratory diet until 30 weeks of age. Plasma lipids were quantified, atherosclerosis development at the aortic sinus and coronary arteries was measured, skin ultrastructure was evaluated by electron microscopy. Blood and lymphoid organs were characterized through histological, immunocytofluorimetric, and whole transcriptome analyses. Results: DKO were characterized by almost complete HDL deficiency and by plasma total cholesterol levels comparable to control mice. Only DKO showed xanthoma formation and severe inflammation in the skin-draining lymph nodes, whose transcriptome analysis revealed a dramatic impairment in energy metabolism and fatty acid oxidation pathways. An increased presence of CD4+ T effector memory cells was detected in blood, spleen, and skin-draining lymph nodes of DKO. A worsening of atherosclerosis at the aortic sinus and coronary arteries was also observed in DKO versus apoE deficient. Human apoA-I overexpression in the DKO background was able to rescue the skin phenotype and halt atherosclerosis development. Conclusions: HDL deficiency, in the absence of hyperlipidemia, is associated with severe alterations of skin morphology, aortic and coronary atherosclerosis, local and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Elsa Franchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Chiara
- Department of Biosciences (M.C., D.H.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy (M.C., D.H.)
| | - Francesca Arnaboldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (F. Arnaboldi, E.D.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Donetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (F. Arnaboldi, E.D.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Ambrogi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (F. Ambrogi), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Oleari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Antonella Lettieri
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - David Horner
- Department of Biosciences (M.C., D.H.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy (M.C., D.H.)
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (E.S.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, Milan, Italy (E.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Centro per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello B, Milan, Italy (G.D.N.)
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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12
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Liu J, Wang Q, Wei Y, Zhang S, Chai E, Tang F. Calpain inhibitor prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice by regulating mRNA expression of genes related to cholesterol uptake and efflux. Microvasc Res 2022; 140:104276. [PMID: 34742813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported that a calpain inhibitor (CAI) prevents the development of atherosclerosis in rats. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CAI (1 mg/kg) on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and explore the underlying mechanism by analyzing the expression of genes related to the uptake and efflux of cholesterol. METHODS Atherosclerotic plaques were evaluated. The activity of calpain in the aorta and that of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum were assessed. Lipid profiles in the serum and liver were examined. Serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured. The mRNA expressions of CD68, TNF-α, IL-6, CD36, scavenger receptor (SR-A), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), liver-x-receptor alpha (LXR-α), and ATP-binding cassette transporter class A1 (ABCA1) in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages were also evaluated. RESULTS CAI reduced calpain activity in the aorta. CAI also impeded atherosclerotic lesion formation and mRNA expression of CD68 in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages of ApoE KO mice compared with those of mice receiving HFD. However, CAI had no effect on body weight and lipid levels in both the serum and liver. CAI significantly decreased MDA, oxLDL, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and increased SOD activity in the serum. Moreover, CAI significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 genes in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages. In addition, CAI significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A and upregulated the expression of genes involved in the cholesterol efflux pathway, i.e., PPAR-γ, LXR-α, and ABCA1 in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages. CONCLUSIONS CAI inhibited the development of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE KO mice, and this effect might be related to the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation and the improvement of cholesterol intake and efflux pathways.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/enzymology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Calpain/antagonists & inhibitors
- Calpain/metabolism
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Leupeptins/pharmacology
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Liver X Receptors/genetics
- Liver X Receptors/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/enzymology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Scavenger Receptors, Class A/genetics
- Scavenger Receptors, Class A/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Liu
- Medical Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiuning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shining Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Erqing Chai
- Emergency General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China.
| | - Futian Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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13
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Manzini S, Busnelli M, Colombo A, Franchi E, Grossano P, Chiesa G. reString: an open-source Python software to perform automatic functional enrichment retrieval, results aggregation and data visualization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23458. [PMID: 34873191 PMCID: PMC8648753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional enrichment analysis is an analytical method to extract biological insights from gene expression data, popularized by the ever-growing application of high-throughput techniques. Typically, expression profiles are generated for hundreds to thousands of genes/proteins from samples belonging to two experimental groups, and after ad-hoc statistical tests, researchers are left with lists of statistically significant entities, possibly lacking any unifying biological theme. Functional enrichment tackles the problem of putting overall gene expression changes into a broader biological context, based on pre-existing knowledge bases of reference: database collections of known expression regulation, relationships and molecular interactions. STRING is among the most popular tools, providing both protein–protein interaction networks and functional enrichment analysis for any given set of identifiers. For complex experimental designs, manually retrieving, interpreting, analyzing and abridging functional enrichment results is a daunting task, usually performed by hand by the average wet-biology researcher. We have developed reString, a cross-platform software that seamlessly retrieves from STRING functional enrichments from multiple user-supplied gene sets, with just a few clicks, without any need for specific bioinformatics skills. Further, it aggregates all findings into human-readable table summaries, with built-in features to easily produce user-customizable publication-grade clustermaps and bubble plots. Herein, we outline a complete reString protocol, showcasing its features on a real use-case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elsa Franchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Grossano
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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14
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Colombo A, Bonacina F, Norata GD, Franchi E, Castiglioni S, Andronis C, Lekka E, Scanziani E, Chiesa G. Rupatadine treatment is associated to atherosclerosis worsening and altered T lymphocyte recruitment. Thromb Haemost 2021; 122:853-856. [PMID: 34695872 PMCID: PMC9197591 DOI: 10.1055/a-1678-4031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
No Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Busnelli
- Pharmacological and Biomolecular sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alice Colombo
- DISFEB, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Pharmacological and Biomolecular sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Elsa Franchi
- Pharmacological and Biomolecular sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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