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Liang J, Luo S, Huang B. Case Report: SCN5A mutations in three young patients with sick sinus syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1294197. [PMID: 38107266 PMCID: PMC10722160 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1294197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS) is generally regarded as a degenerative disease with aging; however, genetic mutations have been confirmed to be associated with SSS. Among them, mutations in SCN5A are common in patients with SSS. We report three young SSS patients with SCN5A mutations at different sites that have not been previously reported in Asian patients. Case presentation The three patients were all young females who presented with symptoms of severe bradycardia and paroxysmal atrial flutter, for which two patients received ablation therapy. However, after ablation, Holter monitoring indicated a significant long cardiac arrest; therefore, the patients received pacemaker implantation. The three patients had familial SSS, and genetic testing was performed. Mutations were found in SCN5A at different sites in the three families. All three patients received pacemaker implantation, resulting in the symptoms of severe bradycardia disappearing. Conclusion SCN5A heterozygous mutations are common among patients clinically affected by SSS. Their causative role is confirmed by our data and by the co-occurrence of genetic arrhythmias among our patients. Genetic testing for SSS cannot be performed as a single gene panel because of feasible literature results, but in presence of familial and personal history of SSS in association with arrhythmias can provide clinically useful information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suxin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Manoj P, Kim JA, Kim S, Li T, Sewani M, Chelu MG, Li N. Sinus node dysfunction: current understanding and future directions. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H259-H278. [PMID: 36563014 PMCID: PMC9886352 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00618.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the heart. Normal SAN function is crucial in maintaining proper cardiac rhythm and contraction. Sinus node dysfunction (SND) is due to abnormalities within the SAN, which can affect the heartbeat frequency, regularity, and the propagation of electrical pulses through the cardiac conduction system. As a result, SND often increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. SND is most commonly seen as a disease of the elderly given the role of degenerative fibrosis as well as other age-dependent changes in its pathogenesis. Despite the prevalence of SND, current treatment is limited to pacemaker implantation, which is associated with substantial medical costs and complications. Emerging evidence has identified various genetic abnormalities that can cause SND, shedding light on the molecular underpinnings of SND. Identification of these molecular mechanisms and pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of SND is hoped to identify novel therapeutic targets for the development of more effective therapies for this disease. In this review article, we examine the anatomy of the SAN and the pathophysiology and epidemiology of SND. We then discuss in detail the most common genetic mutations correlated with SND and provide our perspectives on future research and therapeutic opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Manoj
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jitae A Kim
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephanie Kim
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Tingting Li
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Maham Sewani
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Mihail G Chelu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Na Li
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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3
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Significance of α-Myosin Heavy Chain ( MYH6) Variants in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9050144. [PMID: 35621855 PMCID: PMC9147009 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe congenital heart disease (CHD) with complex genetic inheritance. HLHS segregates with other left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) malformations in families, and can present as either an isolated phenotype or as a feature of a larger genetic disorder. The multifactorial etiology of HLHS makes it difficult to interpret the clinical significance of genetic variants. Specific genes have been implicated in HLHS, including rare, predicted damaging MYH6 variants that are present in >10% of HLHS patients, and which have been shown to be associated with decreased transplant-free survival in our previous studies. MYH6 (α-myosin heavy chain, α-MHC) variants have been reported in HLHS and numerous other CHDs, including LVOT malformations, and may provide a genetic link to these disorders. In this paper, we outline the MYH6 variants that have been identified, discuss how bioinformatic and functional studies can inform clinical decision making, and highlight the importance of genetic testing in HLHS.
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4
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Lee HM, Kim AH, Hwang S, Jung J, Seol H, Sung JJ, Jeong SM, Choi YM, Jun JK, Kim HS, Jang J. Generation of αMHC-EGFP knock-in in human pluripotent stem cell line, SNUe003-A-3 using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene targeting. Stem Cell Res 2022; 61:102779. [PMID: 35427904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac muscle-specific protein, α-myosin heavy chain (αMHC), is a major component of cardiac muscle filaments involved in cardiac muscle contraction. Here, we established an αMHC-enhanced fluorescent protein (EGFP) knock-in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) line by linking the EGFP gene to the C-terminal region of αMHC via a 2A non-joining peptide using CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease. The EGFP reporter precisely reflected the endogenous level of αMHC upon the induction of cardiac differentiation. This reporter cell line will be a valuable platform for cardiotoxicity tests, drug screening, and investigating the pathological mechanisms of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Myoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunsook Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwon Jung
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Seol
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jea Sung
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Choi
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kwan Jun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiho Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Cytoskeletal Protein Variants Driving Atrial Fibrillation: Potential Mechanisms of Action. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030416. [PMID: 35159226 PMCID: PMC8834312 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common clinical tachyarrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF), is present in 1-2% of the population. Although common risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, frequently underlie AF onset, it has been recognized that in 15% of the AF population, AF is familial. In these families, genome and exome sequencing techniques identified variants in the non-coding genome (i.e., variant regulatory elements), genes encoding ion channels, as well as genes encoding cytoskeletal (-associated) proteins. Cytoskeletal protein variants include variants in desmin, lamin A/C, titin, myosin heavy and light chain, junctophilin, nucleoporin, nesprin, and filamin C. These cytoskeletal protein variants have a strong association with the development of cardiomyopathy. Interestingly, AF onset is often represented as the initial manifestation of cardiac disease, sometimes even preceding cardiomyopathy by several years. Although emerging research findings reveal cytoskeletal protein variants to disrupt the cardiomyocyte structure and trigger DNA damage, exploration of the pathophysiological mechanisms of genetic AF is still in its infancy. In this review, we provide an overview of cytoskeletal (-associated) gene variants that relate to genetic AF and highlight potential pathophysiological pathways that drive this arrhythmia.
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6
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Thompson WA, Shvartsburd Z, Vijayan MM. The antidepressant venlafaxine perturbs cardiac development and function in larval zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 242:106041. [PMID: 34856460 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Venlafaxine, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is a highly prescribed antidepressant and is detected at µg/L concentrations in waterways receiving municipal wastewater effluents. We previously showed that early-life venlafaxine exposure disrupted the normal development of the nervous system and reduces larval activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). However, it is unclear whether the reduced swimming activity may be associated with impaired cardiac function. Here we tested the hypothesis that zygotic exposure to venlafaxine impacts the development and function of the larval zebrafish heart. Venlafaxine (0, 1 or 10 ng) was administered by microinjection into freshly fertilized zebrafish embryos (1-4 cell stage) to assess heart development and function during early-life stages. Venlafaxine deposition in the zygote led to precocious development of the embryo heart, including the timing of the first heartbeat, increased heart size, and a higher heart rate at 24- and 48-hours post-fertilization (hpf). Also, waterborne exposure to environmental levels of this antidepressant during early development increased the heart rate at 48 hpf of zebrafish larvae mimicking the zygotic deposition. The venlafaxine-induced higher heart rate in the embryos was abolished in the presence of NAN-190, an antagonist of the 5HT1A receptor. Also, heart rate dropped below control levels in the 10 ng, but not 1 ng venlafaxine group at 72 and 96 hpf. An acute stressor reduced the venlafaxine-induced heart rate at 48 hpf but did not affect the already reduced heart rate at 72 and 96 hpf in the 10 ng venlafaxine group. Our results suggest that the higher heart rate in the venlafaxine group may be due to an enhanced serotonin stimulation of the 5HT1A receptor. Taken together, early-life venlafaxine exposure disrupts cardiac development and has the potential to compromise the cardiovascular performance of larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Andrew Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Zachary Shvartsburd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.
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Vriz O, AlSergani H, Elshaer AN, Shaik A, Mushtaq AH, Lioncino M, Alamro B, Monda E, Caiazza M, Mauro C, Bossone E, Al-Hassnan ZN, Albert-Brotons D, Limongelli G. A complex unit for a complex disease: the HCM-Family Unit. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2021; 92. [PMID: 34964577 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2021.2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a group of heterogeneous disorders that are most commonly passed on in a heritable manner. It is a relatively rare disease around the globe, but due to increased rates of consanguinity within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we speculate a high incidence of undiagnosed cases. The aim of this paper is to elucidate a systematic approach in dealing with HCM patients and since HCM has variable presentation, we have summarized differentials for diagnosis and how different subtypes and genes can have an impact on the clinical picture, management and prognosis. Moreover, we propose a referral multi-disciplinary team HCM-Family Unit in Saudi Arabia and an integrated role in a network between King Faisal Hospital and Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit-Monaldi Hospital, Italy (among the 24 excellence centers of the European Reference Network (ERN) GUARD-Heart). Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vriz
- Department of Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | - Hani AlSergani
- Department of Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | | | | | | | - Michele Lioncino
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples.
| | - Bandar Alamro
- Department of Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | - Emanuele Monda
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples.
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples.
| | - Ciro Mauro
- Department of Cardiology, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples.
| | | | - Zuhair N Al-Hassnan
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program and Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh.
| | - Dimpna Albert-Brotons
- Department of Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples.
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8
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Saadeh K, Chadda KR, Ahmad S, Valli H, Nanthakumar N, Fazmin IT, Edling CE, Huang CLH, Jeevaratnam K. Molecular basis of ventricular arrhythmogenicity in a Pgc-1α deficient murine model. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 27:100753. [PMID: 33898262 PMCID: PMC8059080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction underlying metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Murine Pgc-1α-/- hearts replicate disrupted mitochondrial function and model the associated pro-arrhythmic electrophysiological abnormalities. Quantitative PCR, western blotting and histological analysis were used to investigate the molecular basis of the electrophysiological changes associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. qPCR analysis implicated downregulation of genes related to Na+-K+ ATPase activity (Atp1b1), surface Ca2+ entry (Cacna1c), action potential repolarisation (Kcnn1), autonomic function (Adra1d, Adcy4, Pde4d, Prkar2a), and morphological properties (Myh6, Tbx3) in murine Pgc-1α-/- ventricles. Western blotting revealed reduced NaV1.5 but normal Cx43 expression. Histological analysis revealed increased tissue fibrosis in the Pgc-1α-/- ventricles. These present findings identify altered transcription amongst a strategically selected set of genes established as encoding proteins involved in cardiac electrophysiological activation and therefore potentially involved in alterations in ventricular activation and Ca2+ homeostasis in arrhythmic substrate associated with Pgc-1α deficiency. They complement and complete previous studies examining such expression characteristics in the atria and ventricles of Pgc-1 deficient murine hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Saadeh
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karan R. Chadda
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Shiraz Ahmad
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
- Physiological Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Haseeb Valli
- Physiological Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nakulan Nanthakumar
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School. University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim T. Fazmin
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E. Edling
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher L.-H. Huang
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
- Physiological Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7AL Guildford, United Kingdom
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Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling of myosin Family Genes in Sebastes schlegelii. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060808. [PMID: 34070681 PMCID: PMC8228858 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosins are important eukaryotic motor proteins that bind actin and utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to perform a broad range of functions such as muscle contraction, cell migration, cytokinesis, and intracellular trafficking. However, the characterization and function of myosin is poorly studied in teleost fish. In this study, we identified 60 myosin family genes in a marine teleost, black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), and further characterized their expression patterns. myosin showed divergent expression patterns in adult tissues, indicating they are involved in different types and compositions of muscle fibers. Among 12 subfamilies, S. schlegelii myo2 subfamily was significantly expanded, which was driven by tandem duplication events. The up-regulation of five representative genes of myo2 in the skeletal muscle during fast-growth stages of juvenile and adult S. schlegelii revealed their active role in skeletal muscle fiber synthesis. Moreover, the expression regulation of myosin during the process of myoblast differentiation in vitro suggested that they contribute to skeletal muscle growth by involvement of both myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Taken together, our work characterized myosin genes systemically and demonstrated their diverse functions in a marine teleost species. This lays foundation for the further studies of muscle growth regulation and molecular mechanisms of indeterminate skeletal muscle growth of large teleost fishes.
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Hayashi K, Teramoto R, Nomura A, Asano Y, Beerens M, Kurata Y, Kobayashi I, Fujino N, Furusho H, Sakata K, Onoue K, Chiang DY, Kiviniemi TO, Buys E, Sips P, Burch ML, Zhao Y, Kelly AE, Namura M, Kita Y, Tsuchiya T, Kaku B, Oe K, Takeda Y, Konno T, Inoue M, Fujita T, Kato T, Funada A, Tada H, Hodatsu A, Nakanishi C, Sakamoto Y, Tsuda T, Nagata Y, Tanaka Y, Okada H, Usuda K, Cui S, Saito Y, MacRae CA, Takashima S, Yamagishi M, Kawashiri MA, Takamura M. Impact of functional studies on exome sequence variant interpretation in early-onset cardiac conduction system diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:2116-2130. [PMID: 31977013 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The genetic cause of cardiac conduction system disease (CCSD) has not been fully elucidated. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) can detect various genetic variants; however, the identification of pathogenic variants remains a challenge. We aimed to identify pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in CCSD patients by using WES and 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) standards and guidelines as well as evaluating the usefulness of functional studies for determining them. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed WES of 23 probands diagnosed with early-onset (<65 years) CCSD and analysed 117 genes linked to arrhythmogenic diseases or cardiomyopathies. We focused on rare variants (minor allele frequency < 0.1%) that were absent from population databases. Five probands had protein truncating variants in EMD and LMNA which were classified as 'pathogenic' by 2015 ACMG standards and guidelines. To evaluate the functional changes brought about by these variants, we generated a knock-out zebrafish with CRISPR-mediated insertions or deletions of the EMD or LMNA homologs in zebrafish. The mean heart rate and conduction velocities in the CRISPR/Cas9-injected embryos and F2 generation embryos with homozygous deletions were significantly decreased. Twenty-one variants of uncertain significance were identified in 11 probands. Cellular electrophysiological study and in vivo zebrafish cardiac assay showed that two variants in KCNH2 and SCN5A, four variants in SCN10A, and one variant in MYH6 damaged each gene, which resulted in the change of the clinical significance of them from 'Uncertain significance' to 'Likely pathogenic' in six probands. CONCLUSION Of 23 CCSD probands, we successfully identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 11 probands (48%). Functional analyses of a cellular electrophysiological study and in vivo zebrafish cardiac assay might be useful for determining the pathogenicity of rare variants in patients with CCSD. SCN10A may be one of the major genes responsible for CCSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Ryota Teramoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akihiro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Manu Beerens
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noboru Fujino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furusho
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kenji Onoue
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - David Y Chiang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tuomas O Kiviniemi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva Buys
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Sips
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Micah L Burch
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy E Kelly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masanobu Namura
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Cardiovascular Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wajima Municipal Hospital, Wajima, Japan
| | - Taketsugu Tsuchiya
- Trans-catheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Bunji Kaku
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toyama Red Cross Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Oe
- Division of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Kanazawa Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Konno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masaru Inoue
- Department of Cardiology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Division of Cardiology, Kouseiren Takaoka Hospital, Takaoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Akira Funada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hayato Tada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hodatsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Chiaki Nakanishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | | | - Toyonobu Tsuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Keisuke Usuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shihe Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan.,Osaka University of Human Sciences, Settu, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Kawashiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
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11
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Scholman KT, Meijborg VMF, Gálvez-Montón C, Lodder EM, Boukens BJ. From Genome-Wide Association Studies to Cardiac Electrophysiology: Through the Maze of Biological Complexity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:557. [PMID: 32536879 PMCID: PMC7267057 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have provided an enormous amount of data on genomic loci associated with cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias. Clinical relevance, however, remains unclear since GWAS do not provide a mechanistic explanation for this association. Determining the electrophysiological relevance of variants for arrhythmias would aid development of risk stratification models for patients with arrhythmias. In this review, we give an overview of genetic variants related to ECG intervals and arrhythmogenic pathologies and discuss how these variants may influence cardiac electrophysiology and the occurrence of arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen T Scholman
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Veronique M F Meijborg
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carolina Gálvez-Montón
- ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth M Lodder
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan J Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Tsai SY, Ghazizadeh Z, Wang HJ, Amin S, Ortega FA, Badieyan ZS, Hsu ZT, Gordillo M, Kumar R, Christini DJ, Evans T, Chen S. A human embryonic stem cell reporter line for monitoring chemical-induced cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:658-670. [PMID: 31173076 PMCID: PMC7252441 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be used to generate scalable numbers of cardiomyocytes (CMs) for studying cardiac biology, disease modelling, drug screens, and potentially for regenerative therapies. A fluorescence-based reporter line will significantly enhance our capacities to visualize the derivation, survival, and function of hESC-derived CMs. Our goal was to develop a reporter cell line for real-time monitoring of live hESC-derived CMs. METHODS AND RESULTS We used CRISPR/Cas9 to knock a mCherry reporter gene into the MYH6 locus of hESC lines, H1 and H9, enabling real-time monitoring of the generation of CMs. MYH6:mCherry+ cells express atrial or ventricular markers and display a range of cardiomyocyte action potential morphologies. At 20 days of differentiation, MYH6:mCherry+ cells show features characteristic of human CMs and can be used successfully to monitor drug-induced cardiotoxicity and oleic acid-induced cardiac arrhythmia. CONCLUSION We created two MYH6:mCherry hESC reporter lines and documented the application of these lines for disease modelling relevant to cardiomyocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yi Tsai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Zaniar Ghazizadeh
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hou-Jun Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sadaf Amin
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Francis A Ortega
- Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Zi-Ting Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Miriam Gordillo
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ritu Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David J Christini
- Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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13
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Bjornsson T, Thorolfsdottir RB, Sveinbjornsson G, Sulem P, Norddahl GL, Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, Magnusdottir A, Danielsen R, Sigurdsson EL, Adalsteinsdottir B, Gunnarsson SI, Jonsdottir I, Arnar DO, Helgason H, Gudbjartsson T, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Holm H, Stefansson K. A rare missense mutation in MYH6 associates with non-syndromic coarctation of the aorta. Eur Heart J 2019; 39:3243-3249. [PMID: 29590334 PMCID: PMC6127890 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) accounts for 4–8% of congenital heart defects (CHDs) and confers substantial morbidity despite treatment. It is increasingly recognized as a highly heritable condition. The aim of the study was to search for sequence variants that affect the risk of CoA. Methods and results We performed a genome-wide association study of CoA among Icelanders (120 cases and 355 166 controls) based on imputed variants identified through whole-genome sequencing. We found association with a rare (frequency = 0.34%) missense mutation p.Arg721Trp in MYH6 (odds ratio = 44.2, P = 5.0 × 10−22), encoding the alpha-heavy chain subunit of cardiac myosin, an essential sarcomere protein. Approximately 20% of individuals with CoA in Iceland carry this mutation. We show that p.Arg721Trp also associates with other CHDs, in particular bicuspid aortic valve. We have previously reported broad effects of p.Arg721Trp on cardiac electrical function and strong association with sick sinus syndrome and atrial fibrillation. Conclusion Through a population approach, we found that a rare missense mutation p.Arg721Trp in the sarcomere gene MYH6 has a strong effect on the risk of CoA and explains a substantial fraction of the Icelanders with CoA. This is the first mutation associated with non-familial or sporadic form of CoA at a population level. The p.Arg721Trp in MYH6 causes a cardiac syndrome with highly variable expressivity and emphasizes the importance of sarcomere integrity for cardiac development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ragnar Danielsen
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Emil L Sigurdsson
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Development, Primary Health Care of the Capital Area, Alfabakki 16, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Berglind Adalsteinsdottir
- Department of Cardiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 83, Bergen, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sverrir I Gunnarsson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David O Arnar
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Medicine, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hrodmar Helgason
- Children's Hospital, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tomas Gudbjartsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 4, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik, Iceland
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14
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Stiller B, Schunkert H. Fifty generations of Icelanders help to explain a cause of aortic coarctation. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:3250-3252. [PMID: 29697798 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Stiller
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Lazarettstrasse 36, Munich, Germany.,Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Lazarettstrasse 36, Munich, Germany.,Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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15
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Pott A, Bock S, Berger IM, Frese K, Dahme T, Keßler M, Rinné S, Decher N, Just S, Rottbauer W. Mutation of the Na +/K +-ATPase Atp1a1a.1 causes QT interval prolongation and bradycardia in zebrafish. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 120:42-52. [PMID: 29750993 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The genetic underpinnings that orchestrate the vertebrate heart rate are not fully understood yet, but of high clinical importance, since diseases of cardiac impulse formation and propagation are common and severe human arrhythmias. To identify novel regulators of the vertebrate heart rate, we deciphered the pathogenesis of the bradycardia in the homozygous zebrafish mutant hiphop (hip) and identified a missense-mutation (N851K) in Na+/K+-ATPase α1-subunit (atp1a1a.1). N851K affects zebrafish Na+/K+-ATPase ion transport capacity, as revealed by in vitro pump current measurements. Inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase in vivo indicates that hip rather acts as a hypomorph than being a null allele. Consequently, reduced Na+/K+-ATPase function leads to prolonged QT interval and refractoriness in the hip mutant heart, as shown by electrocardiogram and in vivo electrical stimulation experiments. We here demonstrate for the first time that Na+/K+-ATPase plays an essential role in heart rate regulation by prolonging myocardial repolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pott
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Bock
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ina M Berger
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karen Frese
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tillman Dahme
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mirjam Keßler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Rinné
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, AG Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, AG Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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16
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Mitchell T, MacDonald JW, Srinouanpranchanh S, Bammler TK, Merillat S, Boldenow E, Coleman M, Agnew K, Baldessari A, Stencel-Baerenwald JE, Tisoncik-Go J, Green RR, Gale MJ, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf KM. Evidence of cardiac involvement in the fetal inflammatory response syndrome: disruption of gene networks programming cardiac development in nonhuman primates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218:438.e1-438.e16. [PMID: 29475580 PMCID: PMC6070341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most early preterm births are associated with intraamniotic infection and inflammation, which can lead to systemic inflammation in the fetus. The fetal inflammatory response syndrome describes elevations in the fetal interleukin-6 level, which is a marker for inflammation and fetal organ injury. An understanding of the effects of inflammation on fetal cardiac development may lead to insight into the fetal origins of adult cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether the fetal inflammatory response syndrome is associated with disruptions in gene networks that program fetal cardiac development. STUDY DESIGN We obtained fetal cardiac tissue after necropsy from a well-described pregnant nonhuman primate model (pigtail macaque, Macaca nemestrina) of intrauterine infection (n=5) and controls (n=5). Cases with the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (fetal plasma interleukin-6 >11 pg/mL) were induced by either choriodecidual inoculation of a hypervirulent group B streptococcus strain (n=4) or intraamniotic inoculation of Escherichia coli (n=1). RNA and protein were extracted from fetal hearts and profiled by microarray and Luminex (Millipore, Billerica, MA) for cytokine analysis, respectively. Results were validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Statistical and bioinformatics analyses included single gene analysis, gene set analysis, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), and Wilcoxon rank sum. RESULTS Severe fetal inflammation developed in the context of intraamniotic infection and a disseminated bacterial infection in the fetus. Interleukin-6 and -8 in fetal cardiac tissues were elevated significantly in fetal inflammatory response syndrome cases vs controls (P<.05). A total of 609 probe sets were expressed differentially (>1.5-fold change, P<.05) in the fetal heart (analysis of variance). Altered expression of select genes was validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction that included several with known functions in cardiac injury, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling (eg, angiotensin I converting enzyme 2, STEAP family member 4, natriuretic peptide A, and secreted frizzled-related protein 4; all P<.05). Multiple gene sets and pathways that are involved in cardiac morphogenesis and vasculogenesis were downregulated significantly by gene set and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (hallmark transforming growth factor beta signaling, cellular morphogenesis during differentiation, morphology of cardiovascular system; all P<.05). CONCLUSION Disruption of gene networks for cardiac morphogenesis and vasculogenesis occurred in the preterm fetal heart of nonhuman primates with preterm labor, intraamniotic infection, and severe fetal inflammation. Inflammatory injury to the fetal heart in utero may contribute to the development of heart disease later in life. Development of preterm labor therapeutics must also target fetal inflammation to lessen organ injury and potential long-term effects on cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Mitchell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - James W MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Theodor K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sean Merillat
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Erica Boldenow
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Kathy Agnew
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Audrey Baldessari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jennifer E Stencel-Baerenwald
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Richard R Green
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael J Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Kristina M Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Rezazadeh S, Duff HJ. Genetic Determinants of Hereditary Bradyarrhythmias: A Contemporary Review of a Diverse Group of Disorders. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:758-767. [PMID: 28545623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradyarrhythmia is a common clinical presentation. Although the majority of cases are acquired, genetic screening of families with bradyarrhythmia has led to the discovery of a growing number of causative hereditary mutations. These mutations can interfere with any of the steps required for the occurrence of each cardiac cycle, including generation of an action potential in the sinoatrial node, successful exit of the action potential from the node, propagation of the action potential throughout the atria until the depolarization waves reach the atrioventricular node, and finally transmission of the action potential to the ventricles through the His-Purkinje system. As expected, channelopathies are the predominant culprit for hereditary bradyarrhythmias, because they play a crucial role in action potential generation and propagation. Interestingly, there are an increasing number of genes that encode for various regulatory or structural cellular components that have been linked to hereditary bradyarrhythmias. Furthermore, population-based genetic screening has revealed that age-related conduction defects may in fact be caused by genetic predispositions rather than the simple process of aging. With recent advances in genetic testing and the creation of animal models, not only have we discovered new culprit genes but it has also has become evident that there are still significant gaps in our knowledge of cardiac pathophysiology. In this review, we discuss the clinical presentations of known hereditary bradyarrhythmias and their associated conditions in addition to detailing our current molecular understanding of the mechanisms by which they are manifested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Rezazadeh
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Henry J Duff
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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18
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Kakimoto Y, Tanaka M, Kamiguchi H, Hayashi H, Ochiai E, Osawa M. MicroRNA deep sequencing reveals chamber-specific miR-208 family expression patterns in the human heart. Int J Cardiol 2016; 211:43-8. [PMID: 26974694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart chamber-specific mRNA expression patterns have been extensively studied, and dynamic changes have been reported in many cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also important regulators of normal cardiac development and functions that generally suppress gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Recent focus has been placed on circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers for cardiac disorders. However, miRNA expression levels in human normal hearts have not been thoroughly studied, and chamber-specific miRNA expression signatures in particular remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed miRNA deep sequencing on human paired left atria (LA) and ventricles (LV) under normal physiologic conditions. Among 438 miRNAs, miR-1 was the most abundant in both chambers, representing 21% of the miRNAs in LA and 26% in LV. A total of 25 miRNAs were differentially expressed between LA and LV; 14 were upregulated in LA, and 11 were highly expressed in LV. Notably, the miR-208 family in particular showed prominent chamber specificity; miR-208a-3p and miR-208a-5p were abundant in LA, whereas miR-208b-3p and miR-208b-5p were preferentially expressed in LV. Subsequent real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis validated the predominant expression of miR-208a in LA and miR-208b in LV. CONCLUSIONS Human atrial and ventricular tissues display characteristic miRNA expression signatures under physiological conditions. Notably, miR-208a and miR-208b show significant chamber-specificity as do their host genes, α-MHC and β-MHC, which are mainly expressed in the atria and ventricles, respectively. These findings might also serve to enhance our understanding of cardiac miRNAs and various heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kakimoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamiguchi
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eriko Ochiai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Osawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
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