1
|
Ding AK, Wallis ZK, White KS, Sumer CE, Kim WK, Ardeshir A, Williams KC. Galectin-3, Galectin-9, and Interleukin-18 Are Associated with Monocyte/Macrophage Activation and Turnover More so than Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Cardiac Pathology or Encephalitis. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2024; 40:531-542. [PMID: 38787309 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2024.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), among other comorbidities. Studies from ART-treated individuals identified galectin-3 (gal-3) and interleukin (IL)-18 as CVD biomarkers, galectin-9 (gal-9) as a HAND biomarker, and sCD163, a marker of monocyte/macrophage activation, as a biomarker of both. We asked if plasma gal-3, gal-9, and IL-18 are associated with an individual comorbidity or increase in both with animals that develop AIDS with both pathologies versus (CVD-path) alone or simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis (SIVE) alone. We found that no biomarkers were selective between individual pathologies, and all biomarkers increased with co-development of CVD-path and SIVE (gal-3, p = 0.11; gal-9, p = 0.001; IL-18, p = 0.007; sCD163, p < 0.001; %BrdU p = 0.02). Although gal-3, gal-9, and IL-18 did not distinguish between pathologies, they correlated strongly with one another, with sCD163, a marker of monocyte/macrophage activation, and the %BrdU monocytes, a marker of monocyte turnover. Compared to animals with CVD-path or SIVE alone, animals that co-developed both pathologies had consistently elevated IL-18 throughout infection (p = 0.02) and increased sCD163 in late infection (p = 0.01). These data indicate that gal-3, gal-9, and IL-18 are associated with monocyte/macrophage activation by sCD163 and monocyte turnover by the %BrdU+ monocytes more so than CVD-path or SIVE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Ding
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zoey K Wallis
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin S White
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cinar Efe Sumer
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amir Ardeshir
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kenneth C Williams
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng Y, Pang X, Chen L, Peng W, Huang X, Huang P, Zhao S, Li Z, Cai X, Huang Q, Zeng J, Feng Y, Chen B. IFI-16 inhibition attenuates myocardial remodeling following myocardial infarction. iScience 2024; 27:110568. [PMID: 39188985 PMCID: PMC11345598 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial remodeling (MR) following myocardial infarction (MI) contributes to heart failure. Inflammation is a key determinant in cardiac remodeling, with potential prognostic improvements by inhibiting inflammatory factors. Pattern recognition receptors, including interferon gamma-inducible protein-16 (IFI-16), play significant roles in this process, yet its specific involvement remains underexplored. This study investigates IFI-16's role in initiating inflammation via the inflammasome and its direct interaction with galectin-3 protein post-MI. Elevated IFI-16 levels were observed in human and rat myocytes and a mouse MI model under hypoxic, nutrient-deprived conditions, correlating with increased inflammation-associated proteins. Suppression of IFI-16/IFI-204 using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentivirus or adeno-associated virus decreased inflammatory factor activation, thereby mitigating remodeling and enhancing cardiac function post-MI. Co-immunoprecipitation (coIP) and double-fluorescence staining confirmed IFI-16's ability to interact directly with galectin-3. These findings underscore IFI-16's critical role as a pro-inflammatory factor in post-MI MR, suggesting its inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Deng
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- The Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Xiuqing Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Li Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Weihang Peng
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Peiying Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Zhishang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Xingui Cai
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Qiuping Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Yuchao Feng
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| | - Bojun Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
- Emergency Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 511400, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boutin L, Soussi S, Garcia Lavello A, Masson Fron E, Deniau B, Legrand M, Blot-Chabaud M, Figueroa SM, Chadjichristos CE, Azibani F, Dépret F. Galectin-3 and Soluble CD146 Identify Cardiorenal Injuries in Severe Burn Patients: A Biomarker-Based Approach. Cardiorenal Med 2024; 14:460-472. [PMID: 39134005 DOI: 10.1159/000540845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute kidney injury (AKI) and myocardial injury (MI) are severe conditions in patients with severe burn injury, and combination of both is even worst and is called the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Identifying a distinct cardiorenal phenotype could significantly enhance the management of these patients. Galectin-3 (Gal3) and soluble CD146 (sCD146) are biomarkers for renal and cardiac injuries. This study aims to assess the occurrence and reliability of these biomarkers in recognizing CRS in individuals who have been severely burn. METHODS This study is a single-center prospective proof-of-concept study involving patients with severe burn injuries. Plasma samples for Gal3 and sCD146 measurements were collected daily during the initial 7 days following admission. CRS was defined after 24 h of admission by the association of AKI stage 1 or more (KDIGO definition) and MI defined on high sensitive troponin (hsTnT) (variation >20% baseline value or absolute value >40 ng/mL). RESULTS Forty patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Thirty-eight patients had CRS. The pooled values of Gal3 or combination of Gal3 and sCD146 values following 7 days after admission were associated with CRS with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.145 (95% CI: 1.081-1.211), p < 0.001, and 1.147 (95% CI: 1.085-1.212), p < 0.001, respectively. Gal3 values at admission (D0) had a predictive performance for CRS with an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.63-0.93), and this performance improved when using the combination of Gal3 and sCD146 values at admission (D0), with an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.66-0.96). Gal3 levels during the first 7 days were associated with patients experiencing AKI and no MI, with an OR of 1.129 (95% CI: 1.065-1.195), p < 0.001, and MI without AKI with an OR of 1.095 (95% CI: 1.037-1.167), p < 0.001. sCD146 alone was not associated with AKI without MI or MI without AKI and was poorly associated with CRS. CONCLUSION In severely burned patients, CRS is a frequent and severe condition. Gal3 values during the first 7 days following admission were associated with CRS. The use of sCD146 with Gal3 improved prediction performance for CRS identification. The use of such biomarkers to identify CRS is important and needs to be confirmed in other studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Boutin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, DMU Parabol, FHU PROMICE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR 1155, CORAKID, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sabri Soussi
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, University Health Network (UHN), Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- St Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angèle Garcia Lavello
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, DMU Parabol, FHU PROMICE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Masson Fron
- Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Paris, France
| | - Banjamin Deniau
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, DMU Parabol, FHU PROMICE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Legrand
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Peri-Operative Medicine, University of California - UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Feriel Azibani
- INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fançois Dépret
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, DMU Parabol, FHU PROMICE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR 942, MASCOT: Cardiovascular Marker in Stress Condition, Lariboisière Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ge M, Zhang L, Du J, Jin H, Lv B, Huang Y. Sulfenylation of ERK1/2: A novel mechanism for SO 2-mediated inhibition of cardiac fibroblast proliferation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34260. [PMID: 39092251 PMCID: PMC11292236 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) plays a crucial role in protecting heart from myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting the excessive growth of cardiac fibroblasts. This study aimed to investigate potential mechanisms by which SO2 suppressed myocardial fibrosis. Methods and results Mouse model of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac fibrosis and cell model of Ang II-stimulated cardiac fibroblast proliferation were employed. Our findings discovered that SO2 mitigated the aberrant phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) induced by Ang II, leading to a reduction of fibroblast proliferation. Mechanistically, for the first time, we found that SO2 sulfenylated ERK1/2, and inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cardiac fibroblast proliferation, while a sulfhydryl reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) reversed the above effects of SO2. Furthermore, mutant ERK1C183S (cysteine 183 to serine) abolished the sulfenylation of ERK by SO2, thereby preventing the inhibitory effects of SO2 on ERK1 phosphorylation and cardiac fibroblast proliferation. Conclusion Our study suggested that SO2 inhibited cardiac fibroblast proliferation by sulfenylating ERK1/2 and subsequently suppressing ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These new findings might enhance the understanding of the mechanisms underlying myocardial fibrosis and emphasize the potential of SO2 as a novel therapeutic target for myocardial fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ge
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Boyang Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hao WR, Cheng CH, Liu JC, Chen HY, Chen JJ, Cheng TH. Understanding Galectin-3's Role in Diastolic Dysfunction: A Contemporary Perspective. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:906. [PMID: 39063659 PMCID: PMC11277993 DOI: 10.3390/life14070906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction, a prevalent condition characterized by impaired relaxation and filling of the left ventricle, significantly contributes to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, has garnered attention as a potential biomarker and mediator of fibrosis and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. This comprehensive review investigates the impact of galectin-3 on diastolic dysfunction. We explore its molecular mechanisms, including its involvement in cellular signaling pathways and interaction with components of the extracellular matrix. Evidence from both animal models and clinical studies elucidates galectin-3's role in cardiac remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis, shedding light on the underlying pathophysiology of diastolic dysfunction. Additionally, we examine the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of galectin-3 in diastolic dysfunction, emphasizing its potential as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target. This review underscores the significance of comprehending galectin-3's role in diastolic dysfunction and its promise in enhancing diagnosis and treatment approaches for HFpEF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Rui Hao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (W.-R.H.); (J.-C.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11002, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Cheng
- Department of Medical Education, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Ju-Chi Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (W.-R.H.); (J.-C.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11002, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (J.-J.C.)
| | - Jin-Jer Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (J.-J.C.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City 404333, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hurng Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 404333, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kahnert K, Soattin L, Mills RW, Wilson C, Maurya S, Sorrentino A, Al-Othman S, Tikhomirov R, van de Vegte YJ, Hansen FB, Achter J, Hu W, Zi M, Smith M, van der Harst P, Olesen MS, Boisen Olsen K, Banner J, Jensen THL, Zhang H, Boyett MR, D’Souza A, Lundby A. Proteomics couples electrical remodelling to inflammation in a murine model of heart failure with sinus node dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:927-942. [PMID: 38661182 PMCID: PMC11218694 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS In patients with heart failure (HF), concomitant sinus node dysfunction (SND) is an important predictor of mortality, yet its molecular underpinnings are poorly understood. Using proteomics, this study aimed to dissect the protein and phosphorylation remodelling within the sinus node in an animal model of HF with concurrent SND. METHODS AND RESULTS We acquired deep sinus node proteomes and phosphoproteomes in mice with heart failure and SND and report extensive remodelling. Intersecting the measured (phospho)proteome changes with human genomics pharmacovigilance data, highlighted downregulated proteins involved in electrical activity such as the pacemaker ion channel, Hcn4. We confirmed the importance of ion channel downregulation for sinus node physiology using computer modelling. Guided by the proteomics data, we hypothesized that an inflammatory response may drive the electrophysiological remodeling underlying SND in heart failure. In support of this, experimentally induced inflammation downregulated Hcn4 and slowed pacemaking in the isolated sinus node. From the proteomics data we identified proinflammatory cytokine-like protein galectin-3 as a potential target to mitigate the effect. Indeed, in vivo suppression of galectin-3 in the animal model of heart failure prevented SND. CONCLUSION Collectively, we outline the protein and phosphorylation remodeling of SND in heart failure, we highlight a role for inflammation in electrophysiological remodelling of the sinus node, and we present galectin-3 signalling as a target to ameliorate SND in heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Kahnert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Luca Soattin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Robert W Mills
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Claire Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Svetlana Maurya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sami Al-Othman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Roman Tikhomirov
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), 72 Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yordi J van de Vegte
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Finn B Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Achter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Biological Physics Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Min Zi
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Matthew Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), 72 Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Morten S Olesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kristine Boisen Olsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jytte Banner
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henggui Zhang
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Biological Physics Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark R Boyett
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Alicia D’Souza
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), 72 Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alicia Lundby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nair A, Tuan LQ, Jones-Lewis N, Raja DC, Shroff J, Pathak RK. Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction-A Phenotype Waiting to Be Explored. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:148. [PMID: 38786970 PMCID: PMC11121955 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11050148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) presents a significant global health challenge recognised by frequent hospitalisation and high mortality rates. The assessment of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) plays a crucial role in diagnosing and predicting outcomes in HF, leading to its classification into preserved (HFpEF), reduced (HFrEF), and mildly reduced (HFmrEF) EF. HFmrEF shares features of both HFrEF and HFpEF but also exhibits distinct characteristics. Despite advancements, managing HFmrEF remains challenging due to its diverse presentation. Large-scale studies are needed to identify the predictors of clinical outcomes and treatment responses. Utilising biomarkers for phenotyping holds the potential for discovering new treatment targets. Given the uncertainty surrounding optimal management, individualised approaches are imperative for HFmrEF patients. This chapter examines HFmrEF, discusses the rationale for its re-classification, and elucidates HFmrEF's key attributes. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive review of current treatment strategies for HFmrEF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anugrah Nair
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Canberra Heart Rhythm Centre, Canberra, ACT 2605, Australia; (A.N.); (L.Q.T.); (N.J.-L.); (J.S.)
- ANU College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Acton Campus, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;
| | - Lukah Q. Tuan
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Canberra Heart Rhythm Centre, Canberra, ACT 2605, Australia; (A.N.); (L.Q.T.); (N.J.-L.); (J.S.)
- ANU College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Acton Campus, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;
| | - Natasha Jones-Lewis
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Canberra Heart Rhythm Centre, Canberra, ACT 2605, Australia; (A.N.); (L.Q.T.); (N.J.-L.); (J.S.)
| | - Deep Chandh Raja
- ANU College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Acton Campus, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;
| | - Jenish Shroff
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Canberra Heart Rhythm Centre, Canberra, ACT 2605, Australia; (A.N.); (L.Q.T.); (N.J.-L.); (J.S.)
- ANU College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Acton Campus, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;
| | - Rajeev Kumar Pathak
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Canberra Heart Rhythm Centre, Canberra, ACT 2605, Australia; (A.N.); (L.Q.T.); (N.J.-L.); (J.S.)
- ANU College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Acton Campus, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiong Y, Zhang Q. Prognosis value of galectin-3 in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a meta-analysis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17201. [PMID: 38680895 PMCID: PMC11048071 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate prediction and assessment of myocardial fibrosis (MF) and adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) are crucial in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Several studies indicate that galectin-3 (gal-3) as a promising prognostic predictor in patients with DCM. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for relevant studies up to August 2023. The hazard ratios (HRs) of gal-3 for MACEs in DCM patients, and for MACEs in LGE(+) versus LGE(-) groups, were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA SE 14.0 software. Results Seven studies, encompassing 945 patients, met the eligibility criteria. In DCM patients, abnormally elevated gal-3 levels were indicative of an increased MACEs risk (HR = 1.10, 95% CI [1.00-1.21], I2 = 65.7%, p = 0.008). Compared with the LGE(-) group, the level of gal-3 in LGE(+) group was higher (HR = 1.12, 95% CI [1.05-1.19], I2 = 31.4%, p = 0.233), and the combination of gal-3 and LGE significantly improved the prediction of MACEs. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of all results. Conclusions This study's findings suggest that elevated gal-3 levels significantly correlate with increased MACE risk in DCM, highlighting its potential as a biomarker. However, significant heterogeneity among studies necessitates further research to ascertain gal-3's predictive and diagnostic value in DCM prognosis, particularly in conjunction with LGE. PROSPERO ID CRD42023471199.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Echouffo‐Tcheugui JB, Zhang S, Florido R, Pankow JS, Michos ED, Goldberg RB, Nambi V, Gerstenblith G, Post WS, Blumenthal RS, Ballantyne CM, Coresh J, Selvin E, Ndumele CE. Galectin-3, Metabolic Risk, and Incident Heart Failure: The ARIC Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031607. [PMID: 38471823 PMCID: PMC11010020 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear how metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes affect Gal-3 (galectin 3) levels and the resulting implications for heart failure (HF) risk. We assessed relationships of MetS and diabetes with Gal-3, and their joint associations with incident HF. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 8445 participants without HF (mean age, 63 years; 59% men; 16% Black race) at ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study visit 4 (1996-1999). We categorized participants as having MetS only, MetS with diabetes, or neither, and by quartiles of MetS severity Z score. We assessed cross-sectional associations of metabolic risk categories with high Gal-3 level (≥75th percentile) using logistic regression. We used Cox regression to evaluate combined associations of metabolic risk categories and Gal-3 quartiles with HF. In cross-sectional analyses, compared with no MetS and no diabetes, MetS only (odds ratio [OR], 1.24 [95% CI, 1.10-1.41]) and MetS with diabetes (OR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.32-1.92]) were associated with elevated Gal-3. Over a median follow-up of 20.5 years, there were 1749 HF events. Compared with individuals with neither diabetes nor MetS and with Gal-3 in the lowest quartile, the combination of MetS with diabetes and Gal-3 ≥75th percentile was associated with a 4-fold higher HF risk (hazard ratio, 4.35 [95% CI, 3.30-5.73]). Gal-3 provided HF prognostic information above and beyond MetS, NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, and CRP (C-reactive protein) (ΔC statistic for models with versus without Gal-3: 0.003; P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS MetS and diabetes are associated with elevated Gal-3. The HF risk significantly increased with the combination of greater metabolic risk and higher Gal-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Echouffo‐Tcheugui
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | - Sui Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUnited States
| | - Roberta Florido
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - James S. Pankow
- Department of Epidemiology at the University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Ronald B. Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFL
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Section of Cardiovascular ResearchBaylor College of Medicine and Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular CenterHoustonTX
| | - Gary Gerstenblith
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Christie M. Ballantyne
- Section of Cardiovascular ResearchBaylor College of Medicine and Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular CenterHoustonTX
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUnited States
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUnited States
| | - Chiadi E. Ndumele
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferro F, Spelat R, Pandit A, Martin-Ventura JL, Rabinovich GA, Contessotto P. Glycosylation of blood cells during the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:178-196. [PMID: 38142190 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation controls cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) communication in immune, vascular, and inflammatory processes, underlining the critical role of this process in the identification of disease biomarkers and the design of novel therapies. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of blood cell glycosylation in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis (ATH) and myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we review the role of glycosylation in the interplay between blood cells, particularly erythrocytes, and endothelial cells (ECs), highlighting the involvement of this critical post/cotranslational modification in settings of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Importantly, we focus on emerging preclinical studies and clinical trials based on glycan-targeted drugs to validate their therapeutic potential. These findings may help establish new trends in preventive medicine and delineate novel targeted therapies in CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ferro
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Renza Spelat
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Neurobiology Sector, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - José L Martin-Ventura
- Vascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paolo Contessotto
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kryczka KE, Demkow M, Dzielińska Z. Biomarkers in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy-What We Know and What Is Still to Be Found. Biomolecules 2024; 14:103. [PMID: 38254703 PMCID: PMC10813209 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a form of heart failure, often severe, that occurs in previously healthy women at the end of their pregnancy or in the first few months after delivery. In PPCM, the recovery of heart function reaches 45-50%. However, the all-cause mortality in long-term observation remains high, reaching 20% irrespective of recovery status. The incidence of PPCM is increasing globally; therefore, effort is required to clarify the pathophysiological background of the disease, as well as to discover specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The etiology of the disease remains unclear, including oxidative stress; inflammation; hormonal disturbances; endothelial, microcirculatory, cardiomyocyte and extracellular matrix dysfunction; fibrosis; and genetic mutations. Currently, antiangiogenic 16-kDa prolactin (PRL), cleaved from standard 23-kDa PRL in the case of unbalanced oxidative stress, is recognized as the main trigger of the disease. In addition, 16-kDa PRL causes damage to cardiomyocytes, acting via microRNA-146a secreted from endothelial cells as a cause of the NF-κβ pathway. Bromocriptine, which inhibits the secretion of PRL from the pituitary gland, is now the only specific treatment for PPCM. Many different phenotypes of the disease, as well as cases of non-responders to bromocriptine treatment, indicate other pathophysiological pathways that need further investigation. Biomarkers in PPCM are not well established. There is a deficiency in specific diagnostic biomarkers. Pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal BNP are the best, however unspecific, diagnostic biomarkers of heart failure at the moment. Therefore, more efforts should be engaged in investigating more specific biomolecules of a diagnostic and prognostic manner such as 16-kDa PRL, galectin-3, myeloperoxidase, or soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor ratio. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge and future directions of exploring PPCM pathophysiology, including microRNA and heat shock proteins, which may improve diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and the development of specific treatment strategies, and consequently improve patients' prognosis and outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina E. Kryczka
- Department of Coronary and Structural Heart Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu H, Naser JA, Lin G, Lee SS. Cardiomyopathy in cirrhosis: From pathophysiology to clinical care. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100911. [PMID: 38089549 PMCID: PMC10711481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is defined as systolic or diastolic dysfunction in the absence of prior heart disease or another identifiable cause in patients with cirrhosis, in whom it is an important determinant of outcome. Its underlying pathogenic/pathophysiological mechanisms are rooted in two distinct pathways: 1) factors associated with portal hypertension, hyperdynamic circulation, gut bacterial/endotoxin translocation and the resultant inflammatory phenotype; 2) hepatocellular insufficiency with altered synthesis or metabolism of substances such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, bile acids and hormones. Different criteria have been proposed to diagnose CCM; the first in 2005 by the World Congress of Gastroenterology, and more recently in 2019 by the Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy Consortium. These criteria mainly utilised echocardiographic evaluation, with the latter refining the evaluation of diastolic function and integrating global longitudinal strain into the evaluation of systolic function, an important addition since the haemodynamic changes that occur in advanced cirrhosis may lead to overestimation of systolic function by left ventricular ejection fraction. Advances in cardiac imaging, such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and the incorporation of an exercise challenge, may help further refine the diagnosis of CCM. Over recent years, CCM has been shown to contribute to increased mortality and morbidity after major interventions, such as liver transplantation and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion, and to play a pathophysiologic role in the genesis of hepatorenal syndrome. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis/pathophysiology of CCM, its clinical implications, and the role of cardiac imaging modalities including MRI. We also compare diagnostic criteria and review the potential diagnostic role of electrocardiographic QT prolongation. At present, no definitive medical therapy exists, but some promising potential treatment strategies for CCM are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongqun Liu
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jwan A. Naser
- Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Grace Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samuel S. Lee
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Seropian IM, Cassaglia P, Miksztowicz V, González GE. Unraveling the role of galectin-3 in cardiac pathology and physiology. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1304735. [PMID: 38170009 PMCID: PMC10759241 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1304735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding protein with multiple functions. Gal-3 regulates cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis by orchestrating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. It is implicated in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, and its expression is increased in patients with heart failure. In atherosclerosis, Gal-3 promotes monocyte recruitment to the arterial wall boosting inflammation and atheroma. In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the expression of Gal-3 increases in infarcted and remote zones from the beginning of AMI, and plays a critical role in macrophage infiltration, differentiation to M1 phenotype, inflammation and interstitial fibrosis through collagen synthesis. Genetic deficiency of Gal-3 delays wound healing, impairs cardiac remodeling and function after AMI. On the contrary, Gal-3 deficiency shows opposite results with improved remodeling and function in other cardiomyopathies and in hypertension. Pharmacologic inhibition with non-selective inhibitors is also protective in cardiac disease. Finally, we recently showed that Gal-3 participates in normal aging. However, genetic absence of Gal-3 in aged mice exacerbates pathological hypertrophy and increases fibrosis, as opposed to reduced fibrosis shown in cardiac disease. Despite some gaps in understanding its precise mechanisms of action, Gal-3 represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the management of cardiac aging. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of Gal-3 in the pathophysiology of heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocarditis, and ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, we describe the physiological role of Gal-3 in cardiac aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M. Seropian
- Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Servicio de Hemodinamia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Cassaglia
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Salud Comunitaria, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán E. González
- Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Salud Comunitaria, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Seropian IM, Fontana Estevez FS, Villaverde A, Cacciagiú L, Bustos R, Touceda V, Penas F, Selser C, Morales C, Miksztowicz V, González GE. Galectin-3 contributes to acute cardiac dysfunction and toxicity by increasing oxidative stress and fibrosis in doxorubicin-treated mice. Int J Cardiol 2023; 393:131386. [PMID: 37741348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) leads to cardiovascular toxicity through direct cardiomyocyte injury and inflammation. We aimed to study the role of Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactosidase binding lectin associated with inflammation and fibrosis in DOX-induced acute cardiotoxicity in mice. METHODS Male C57 and Gal-3 knockout (KO) mice were given a single dose of DOX (15 mg/kg, i.p) or placebo. Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and cardiac thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) were measured at 3 days to assess cardiac injury and oxidative stress. Cardiac remodeling and function were studied by echocardiography and catheterization at 7 days. Myocardial fibrosis was quantified in picrosirius red stained slices. RESULTS Absence of Gal-3 tended to reduce the mortality after DOX. DOX significantly increased CPK, LDH, AST and TBARS while treated Gal-3 KO mice showed reduced injury and oxidative stress. After 7 days, adverse remodeling, fibrosis and dysfunction in treated-C57 mice were severely affected while those effects were prevented by absence of Gal-3. CONCLUSION In summary, genetic deletion of Gal-3 prevented cardiac damage, adverse remodeling and dysfunction, associated with reduced cardiac oxidative stress and fibrosis. Understanding the contribution of GAL-3 to doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity reinforces its potential use as a therapeutic target in patients with several cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M Seropian
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Servicio de Hemodinamia y Cardiología Intervencionista, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia S Fontana Estevez
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejo Villaverde
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Cacciagiú
- Hospital General de Agudos Teodoro Álvarez, Laboratorio Central, Sección Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Romina Bustos
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanessa Touceda
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Penas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Selser
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán E González
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UCA-CONICET, Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Frangogiannis NG. Targeting galectin-3 in myocardial infarction: a unique opportunity for biomarker-guided therapy. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2495-2496. [PMID: 37772841 PMCID: PMC10676455 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Forchheimer G46B, Bronx NY 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang X, Gaur M, Mounzih K, Rodriguez HJ, Qiu H, Chen M, Yan L, Cooper BA, Narayan S, Derakhshandeh R, Rao P, Han DD, Nabavizadeh P, Springer ML, John CM. Inhibition of galectin-3 post-infarction impedes progressive fibrosis by regulating inflammatory profibrotic cascades. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2536-2549. [PMID: 37602717 PMCID: PMC10676456 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Acute myocardial infarction (MI) causes inflammation, collagen deposition, and reparative fibrosis in response to myocyte death and, subsequently, a pathological myocardial remodelling process characterized by excessive interstitial fibrosis, driving heart failure (HF). Nonetheless, how or when to limit excessive fibrosis for therapeutic purposes remains uncertain. Galectin-3, a major mediator of organ fibrosis, promotes cardiac fibrosis and remodelling. We performed a preclinical assessment of a protein inhibitor of galectin-3 (its C-terminal domain, Gal-3C) to limit excessive fibrosis resulting from MI and prevent ventricular enlargement and HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Gal-3C was produced by enzymatic cleavage of full-length galectin-3 or by direct expression of the truncated form in Escherichia coli. Gal-3C was intravenously administered for 7 days in acute MI models of young and aged rats, starting either pre-MI or 4 days post-MI. Echocardiography, haemodynamics, histology, and molecular and cellular analyses were performed to assess post-MI cardiac functionality and pathological fibrotic progression. Gal-3C profoundly benefitted left ventricular ejection fraction, end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, haemodynamic parameters, infarct scar size, and interstitial fibrosis, with better therapeutic efficacy than losartan and spironolactone monotherapies over the 56-day study. Gal-3C therapy in post-MI aged rats substantially improved pump function and attenuated ventricular dilation, preventing progressive HF. Gal-3C in vitro treatment of M2-polarized macrophage-like cells reduced their M2-phenotypic expression of arginase-1 and interleukin-10. Gal-3C inhibited M2 polarization of cardiac macrophages during reparative response post-MI. Gal-3C impeded progressive fibrosis post-MI by down-regulating galectin-3-mediated profibrotic signalling cascades including a reduction in endogenous arginase-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). CONCLUSION Gal-3C treatment improved long-term cardiac function post-MI by reduction in the wound-healing response, and inhibition of inflammatory fibrogenic signalling to avert an augmentation of fibrosis in the periinfarct region. Thus, Gal-3C treatment prevented the infarcted heart from extensive fibrosis that accelerates the development of HF, providing a potential targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Wang
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Meenakshi Gaur
- MandalMed, Inc., 665 3rd Street, Suite 250, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Khalid Mounzih
- MandalMed, Inc., 665 3rd Street, Suite 250, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Hilda J Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- MandalMed, Inc., 665 3rd Street, Suite 250, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Huiliang Qiu
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Liqiu Yan
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Brian A Cooper
- MandalMed, Inc., 665 3rd Street, Suite 250, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Shilpa Narayan
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ronak Derakhshandeh
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Poonam Rao
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel D Han
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pooneh Nabavizadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matthew L Springer
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Constance M John
- MandalMed, Inc., 665 3rd Street, Suite 250, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 100, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fries RC. Current use of cardiac MRI in animals. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 51:13-23. [PMID: 38052149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has evolved to become an indispensable tool in human cardiology. It is a non-invasive technique that enables objective assessment of myocardial function, size, and tissue composition. Recent innovations in magnetic resonance imaging scanner technology and parallel imaging techniques have facilitated the generation of parametric mapping to explore tissue characteristics, and the emergence of strain imaging has enabled cardiologists to evaluate cardiac function beyond conventional metrics. As veterinary cardiology continues to utilize CMR beyond the reference standard, clinical application of CMR will further expand our capabilities. This article describes the current use of CMR and adoption of more recent advances such as T1/T2 mapping in veterinary cardiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R C Fries
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fries R. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Advances in Imaging and Diagnostic Strategies. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:1325-1342. [PMID: 37423845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most important and prevalent cardiac disease in cats. Due to the highly variable nature of HCM, a multimodal approach including physical examination, genetic evaluation, cardiac biomarkers, and imaging are all essential elements to appropriate and timely diagnosis. These foundational elements are advancing rapidly in veterinary medicine. Newer biomarkers such as galectin-3 are currently being researched and advances in tissue speckle-tracking and contrast-enhanced echocardiography are readily available. Advanced imaging techniques, such as cardiac MRI, are providing previously unavailable information about myocardial fibrosis and paving the way for enhanced diagnostic capabilities and risk-stratification in cats with HCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Fries
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dogdu O, Karasu M, Karaca Y, Harman M. Effect of diabetes mellitus on association between galectin-3 and H2FPEF score in patients with unexplained dyspnea and a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2023; 51:1429-1435. [PMID: 37694561 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the association between Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and the H2FPEF score in patients with unexplained dyspnea and a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on patients with unexplained dyspnea and a preserved LVEF in the Cardiology Department of Elazıg Medical Park Hospital, Turkey. The patients were evaluated based on the presence of DM and the H2FPEF score. Gal-3 levels were compared between groups, and the effect of DM on Gal-3 was assessed. The level of statistical significance in all tests was set at p < .05. RESULTS Gal-3 and H2FPEF scores were higher in patients with DM (p < .001 and p = .027, respectively). Gal-3 and HbA1C values were elevated in patients with moderate to high H2FPEF scores (p < .01 and p = .036, respectively). DM and Hypertension were more prevalent in patients with moderate to high H2FPEF scores (p = 0.024, p < 0.001, respectively). A strong correlation was observed between Gal-3 and the H2FPEF score (r = 0.375, p < .001). Gal-3 could predict patients with a moderate to high H2FPEF score using a cut-off value of 14.7, with a sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 67% (AUC: 0.702). CONCLUSIONS Gal-3 serves as an independent predictor of the H2FPEF score in the presence of DM, and the diagnostic capability of Gal-3 for Heart Failure with preserved LVEF remains unaffected by DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Dogdu
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Park Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehdi Karasu
- Department of Cardiology, Fethi Sekin Şehir Hastanesi, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Yücel Karaca
- Department of Cardiology, Fethi Sekin Şehir Hastanesi, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Murat Harman
- Department of Cardiology, Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Elazig, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vucic RM, Andrejic OM, Stokanovic D, Stoimenov TJ, McClements L, Nikolic VN, Sreckovic M, Veselinovic M, Aleksandric S, Popadic V, Zdravkovic M, Pavlovic M. Galectin-3 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with First Acute Myocardial Infarction without Heart Failure. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3348. [PMID: 37958244 PMCID: PMC10647840 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a biomarker involved in a wide range of diseases including cardiac remodeling following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Identification of prognostic markers in patients with AMI can guide strategies towards improved survival and quality of life. METHODS Our study included 59 patients with AMI and a preserved ejection fraction. We determined the Gal-3 plasma concentration within 24 h of chest pain onset from the aortic root, femoral/radial artery, coronary sinus and cubital vein. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were evaluated at six months follow-up. RESULTS MACE at six months post-AMI was recorded in 20 patients (34%). The Gal-3 plasma concentration from the aortic root and the femoral/radial artery were independent predictors of MACE at six months follow-up after the first AMI (OR 1.228; 95%CI: 1.011-1.491; p = 0.038; OR 3.438; 95%CI: 1.275-9.265; p = 0.015). ROC analysis identifies the Gal-3 plasma concentration from the aortic root as a better predictor of MACE or death (cut-off ≥ 10.86 ng/mL; AUC 0.858; 95%CI: 0.744-0.973; p < 0.001) than Gal-3 plasma concentration from the femoral/radial artery (cut-off ≥ 10.18 ng/mL; AUC 0.742; 95%CI: 0.596-0.888; p = 0.006). CONCLUSION the Gal-3 plasma concentration in patients with AMI determined during coronary angiography, especially from the aortic root, within 24 h after chest pain onset is a valuable biomarker of prognosis at six months follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rada M. Vucic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica Street 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.S.); (M.V.)
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina Street 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Olivera M. Andrejic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina Street 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Dragana Stokanovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (D.S.); (V.N.N.)
| | - Tatjana Jevtovic Stoimenov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Valentina N. Nikolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (D.S.); (V.N.N.)
| | - Miodrag Sreckovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica Street 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.S.); (M.V.)
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina Street 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Veselinovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica Street 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Srdjan Aleksandric
- Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Viseslav Popadic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center Bezanijska Kosa, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Marija Zdravkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center Bezanijska Kosa, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milan Pavlovic
- Department of Internal Medicine—Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Centre Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Djindjica 48, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun Y, Wang CS, Ren J. Galectin-3 as a Novel Biomarker of Cardiovascular Disease. Angiology 2023; 74:900-901. [PMID: 37041666 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231170093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Chun-Song Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Jian Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, PR China
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng Dongchangfu People's Hospital. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yuen T, Gouda P, Margaryan R, Ezekowitz J. Do Heart Failure Biomarkers Influence Heart Failure Treatment Response? Curr Heart Fail Rep 2023; 20:358-373. [PMID: 37676613 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-023-00625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of cardiac morbidity and mortality around the world. Our evolving understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways of HF has led to the identification and evaluation of a growing number of HF biomarkers. Natriuretic peptides remain the best studied and understood HF biomarkers, with demonstrated clinical utility in the diagnosis and prognostication of HF. Less commonly understood is the utility of HF biomarkers for guiding and monitoring treatment response. In this review, we outline the current HF biomarker landscape and identify novel biomarkers that have potential to influence HF treatment response. RECENT FINDINGS An increasing number of biomarkers have been identified through the study of HF mechanisms. While these biomarkers hold promise, they have not yet been proven to be effective in guiding HF therapy. A more developed understanding of HF mechanisms has resulted in an increased number of available pharmacologic HF therapies. In the past, biomarkers have been useful for the diagnosis and prognostication of HF. Future evaluation on their use to guide pharmacologic therapy is ongoing, and there is promise that biomarker-guided therapy will allow clinicians to begin personalizing treatment for their HF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Yuen
- Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Pishoy Gouda
- Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Robert Margaryan
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre, 4-120 Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Justin Ezekowitz
- Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre, 4-120 Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Akin S, Gucuk-Ipek E, Hayta U, Gungor I, Kubat GB, Akin Y, Guray U, Demirel HA. Long-term Dexamethasone Treatment Increases Cardiac Galectin-3 Levels. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:1027-1029. [PMID: 35554772 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucocorticoids, which are widely prescribed around the world, cause cardiac remodeling in long-term treatment by triggering insulin resistance and increasing blood pressure. However, its role in cardiac remodeling remains unclear. Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a member of a beta-galactoside-binding animal lectins, upregulated as a result of insulin resistance and in the pressure-overloaded myocardium and regulate cardiac remodeling. We hypothesized that gal-3 may be upregulated in the myocardium with prolonged use of glucocorticoids and associated with cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS To examine the involvement of glucocorticoids in gal-3 levels in rat myocardium, sixteen female Wistar Albino rats were assigned to control (C; n = 8) and dexamethasone (Dex; n = 8) groups. Daily dexamethasone was injected subcutaneously for 28 days at a dose of 1 mg.kg-1. Control animals were injected with the same volume of saline. The body weight and heart weights were determined. Gal-3 levels in myocardium were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Our data shows that dexamethasone administration resulted in significant increase in heart weight (p < 0.05) and HW/BW ratios (p < 0.001) and 28 days of dexamethasone administration with the dose of 1 mg.kg-1 caused a twofold increase in the gal-3 expression in the left ventricle (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The finding of the current study is the first to show that dexamethasone causes an increase in gal-3 levels in myocardium. Our study provides an important step in the development of possible therapeutics by determining that dexamethasone causes an increase in gal-3 levels in the myocardium and raises awareness about the follow-up of patients receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senay Akin
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esra Gucuk-Ipek
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Umit Hayta
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irem Gungor
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Burcin Kubat
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pathology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yesim Akin
- Department of Cardiology, Karabuk University School of Medicine, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Umit Guray
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haydar A Demirel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ravassa S, López B, Treibel TA, San José G, Losada-Fuentenebro B, Tapia L, Bayés-Genís A, Díez J, González A. Cardiac Fibrosis in heart failure: Focus on non-invasive diagnosis and emerging therapeutic strategies. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101194. [PMID: 37384998 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of mortality and hospitalization worldwide. Cardiac fibrosis, resulting from the excessive deposition of collagen fibers, is a common feature across the spectrum of conditions converging in heart failure. Eventually, either reparative or reactive in nature, in the long-term cardiac fibrosis contributes to heart failure development and progression and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Despite this, specific cardiac antifibrotic therapies are lacking, making cardiac fibrosis an urgent unmet medical need. In this context, a better patient phenotyping is needed to characterize the heterogenous features of cardiac fibrosis to advance toward its personalized management. In this review, we will describe the different phenotypes associated with cardiac fibrosis in heart failure and we will focus on the potential usefulness of imaging techniques and circulating biomarkers for the non-invasive characterization and phenotyping of this condition and for tracking its clinical impact. We will also recapitulate the cardiac antifibrotic effects of existing heart failure and non-heart failure drugs and we will discuss potential strategies under preclinical development targeting the activation of cardiac fibroblasts at different levels, as well as targeting additional extracardiac processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ravassa
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña López
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gorka San José
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Losada-Fuentenebro
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Tapia
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Servei de Cardiologia i Unitat d'Insuficiència Cardíaca, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zaborska B, Sikora-Frąc M, Smarż K, Pilichowska-Paszkiet E, Budaj A, Sitkiewicz D, Sygitowicz G. The Role of Galectin-3 in Heart Failure-The Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential-Where Do We Stand? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13111. [PMID: 37685918 PMCID: PMC10488150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an important factor in the pathophysiology of HF, mainly due to its role in cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and ventricular remodeling. Fibrosis is a hallmark of cardiac remodeling, HF, and atrial fibrillation development. This review aims to explore the involvement of Gal-3 in HF and its role in the pathogenesis and clinical diagnostic and prognostic significance. We report data on Gal-3 structure and molecular mechanisms of biological function crucial for HF development. Over the last decade, numerous studies have shown an association between echocardiographic and CMR biomarkers in HF and Gal-3 serum concentration. We discuss facts and concerns about Gal-3's utility in acute and chronic HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction for diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification. Finally, we present attempts to use Gal-3 as a therapeutic target in HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zaborska
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Sikora-Frąc
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Smarż
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Ewa Pilichowska-Paszkiet
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrzej Budaj
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Dariusz Sitkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Grażyna Sygitowicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu H, Hwang SY, Lee SS. Role of Galectin in Cardiovascular Conditions including Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:978. [PMID: 37513890 PMCID: PMC10386075 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal cardiac function in the setting of cirrhosis and in the absence of a primary cardiac disease is known as cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. The pathogenesis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is multifactorial but broadly is comprised of two pathways. The first is due to cirrhosis and synthetic liver failure with abnormal structure and function of many substances, including proteins, lipids, hormones, and carbohydrates such as lectins. The second is due to portal hypertension which invariably accompanies cirrhosis. Portal hypertension leads to a leaky, congested gut with resultant endotoxemia and systemic inflammation. This inflammatory phenotype comprises oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Galectins exert all these pro-inflammatory mechanisms across many different tissues and organs, including the heart. Effective therapies for improving cardiac function in patients with cirrhosis are not available. Conventional strategies for other noncirrhotic heart diseases, including vasodilators, are not feasible because of the significant baseline vasodilation in cirrhotic patients. Therefore, exploring new treatment modalities for cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is of great importance. Galectin-3 inhibitors such as modified citrus pectin, N-acetyllactosamine, TD139 and GB0139 exert anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and thus have potential therapeutic interest. This review briefly summarizes the physiological and pathophysiological role of galectin and specifically examines its role in cardiac disease processes. We present a more detailed discussion of galectin in cardiovascular complications of cirrhosis, particularly cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Finally, therapeutic studies of galectin-3 inhibitors in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongqun Liu
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sang-Youn Hwang
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel S Lee
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Stack JP, Fries RC, Kruckman L, Kadotani S, Wallace G. Galectin-3 as a novel biomarker in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 48:54-62. [PMID: 37480722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a circulating biomarker of fibrosis. In humans, increased Gal-3 is predictive of myocardial fibrosis and adverse cardiac events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for Gal-3 as a cardiac biomarker in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty cats were enrolled (25 healthy cats with normal hearts, 35 with HCM American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stage B, and 21 with HCM ACVIM stage C). Each cat received a full echocardiogram, health panel, and total thyroxin level. Galectin-3 levels were measured for each enrolled patient. Troponin I and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were obtained for the majority of cats. Additionally, 17 ACVIM stage B cats underwent cardiac-gated magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to assess myocardial extracellular volume (ECV), a noninvasive measure of myocardial fibrosis. RESULTS Galectin-3 levels are increased in cats with HCM ACVIM stage B and C compared to healthy cats; however, no significant differences were detected between ACVIM stage B and ACVIM stage C cats. In HCM-affected cats, Galectin-3 showed statistically significant correlations with left atrial dimensions, left atrial:aorta ratio, and CMR-derived ECV. Quantitative NT-proBNP showed excellent discrimination between all groups and troponin I was able to discriminate between ACVIM stage C and normal cats, but not between other groups. CONCLUSIONS Circulating Gal-3 levels are increased in cats with HCM and is positively correlated with left atrial dimensions and ECV in affected cats. Further studies evaluating the relationship between Gal-3, myocardial fibrosis, and clinical outcomes are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Stack
- VCA Loomis Basin Veterinary Clinic, Loomis, CA, USA
| | - R C Fries
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - L Kruckman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - S Kadotani
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - G Wallace
- Pacific Northwest Pet ER and Specialty Center, Vancouver, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Făgărășan A, Săsăran M, Gozar L, Crauciuc A, Bănescu C. The Role of Galectin-3 in Predicting Congenital Heart Disease Outcome: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10511. [PMID: 37445687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a novel pro-fibrotic biomarker that can predict both right and left cardiac dysfunction caused by various cardiovascular conditions. Its expression seems to be progressively altered with evolving cardiac remodeling processes, even before the onset of heart failure. Hence, Gal-3 has been found to be an individual predictor of acute and chronic heart failure or to serve as part of an integrated biomarker panel that can foresee adverse cardiac outcomes. In congenital heart disease (CHD), Gal-3 correlates with cardiac mortality and complications in both children and adults and is proposed as a therapeutic target in order to reverse the activation of pro-fibrosis pathways that lead to heart failure. Positive associations between serum Gal-3 levels, post-operatory hospitalization rates, complications and ventricular dysfunction have also been reported within studies conducted on patients with CHD who underwent corrective surgery. Thus, this review tried to address the potential utility of Gal-3 in patients with CHD and particularly in those who undergo corrective surgery. The heterogeneity of the literature data and the lack of validation of the results obtained by the current studies on larger cohorts cannot be neglected, though. Further longitudinal research is required to establish how Gal-3 can relate to long-term outcomes in pediatric CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Făgărășan
- Department of Pediatrics III, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street no 38, 540136 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Maria Săsăran
- Department of Pediatrics III, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street no 38, 540136 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Liliana Gozar
- Department of Pediatrics III, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street no 38, 540136 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Andrei Crauciuc
- Department of Medical Genetics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street no 38, 540136 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Claudia Bănescu
- Genetics Department, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street no 38, 540136 Târgu Mures, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Luo H, Zhao L, Ou Z, Li T, Liu Y, Yu Z. Novel lncRNA LNC_000113 Drives the Activation of Pulmonary Adventitial Fibroblasts through Modulating PTEN/Akt/FoxO1 Pathway. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:262. [PMID: 37367427 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10060262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts (PAFs) is one of the key components of pulmonary arterial remodelling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs may play fibrotic roles in a range of diseases. In this present study, we identified a novel lncRNA, LNC_000113, in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts (PAFs) and characterised its role in the Galectin-3-induced activation of PAFs in rats. Galectin-3 led to elevated expression of lncRNA LNC_000113 in PAFs. The expression of this lncRNA was primarily PAF enriched. A progressive increase in lncRNA LNC_000113 expression was observed in rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats. Knockdown of lncRNA LNC_000113 cancelled the Galectin-3's fibroproliferative effect on PAFs and prevented the transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. The loss-of-function study demonstrated that lncRNA LNC_000113 activated PAFs through the PTEN/Akt/FoxO1 pathway. These results propose lncRNA LNC_000113 drives the activation of PAFs and promotes fibroblast phenotypic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Changsha (Xiangya Medical College Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Central South University), Changsha 410005, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ziwei Ou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Tangzhiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yanghong Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zaixin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Raposo L, Cerqueira RJ, Leite S, Moreira-Costa L, Laundos TL, Miranda JO, Mendes-Ferreira P, Coelho JA, Gomes RN, Pinto-do-Ó P, Nascimento DS, Lourenço AP, Cardim N, Leite-Moreira A. Human-umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal cells improved left ventricular contractility independently of infarct size in swine myocardial infarction with reperfusion. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1186574. [PMID: 37342444 PMCID: PMC10277821 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1186574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human umbilical cord matrix-mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCM-MSC) have demonstrated beneficial effects in experimental acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Reperfusion injury hampers myocardial recovery in a clinical setting and its management is an unmet need. We investigated the efficacy of intracoronary (IC) delivery of xenogeneic hUCM-MSC as reperfusion-adjuvant therapy in a translational model of AMI in swine. Methods In a placebo-controlled trial, pot-belied pigs were randomly assigned to a sham-control group (vehicle-injection; n = 8), AMI + vehicle (n = 12) or AMI + IC-injection (n = 11) of 5 × 105 hUCM-MSC/Kg, within 30 min of reperfusion. AMI was created percutaneously by balloon occlusion of the mid-LAD. Left-ventricular function was blindly evaluated at 8-weeks by invasive pressure-volume loop analysis (primary endpoint). Mechanistic readouts included histology, strength-length relationship in skinned cardiomyocytes and gene expression analysis by RNA-sequencing. Results As compared to vehicle, hUCM-MSC enhanced systolic function as shown by higher ejection fraction (65 ± 6% vs. 43 ± 4%; p = 0.0048), cardiac index (4.1 ± 0.4 vs. 3.1 ± 0.2 L/min/m2; p = 0.0378), preload recruitable stroke work (75 ± 13 vs. 36 ± 4 mmHg; p = 0.0256) and end-systolic elastance (2.8 ± 0.7 vs. 2.1 ± 0.4 mmHg*m2/ml; p = 0.0663). Infarct size was non-significantly lower in cell-treated animals (13.7 ± 2.2% vs. 15.9 ± 2.7%; Δ = -2.2%; p = 0.23), as was interstitial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the remote myocardium. Sarcomere active tension improved, and genes related to extracellular matrix remodelling (including MMP9, TIMP1 and PAI1), collagen fibril organization and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis were downregulated in animals treated with hUCM-MSC. Conclusion Intracoronary transfer of xenogeneic hUCM-MSC shortly after reperfusion improved left-ventricular systolic function, which could not be explained by the observed extent of infarct size reduction alone. Combined contributions of favourable modification of myocardial interstitial fibrosis, matrix remodelling and enhanced cardiomyocyte contractility in the remote myocardium may provide mechanistic insight for the biological effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Raposo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Cruz - Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Cardiovascular, Hospital da Luz – Lisboa, Luz Saúde, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui J. Cerqueira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Leite
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Anta Family Health Unit, Espinho/Gaia Healthcare Centre, Espinho, Portugal
- ICBAS- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Moreira-Costa
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago L. Laundos
- ICBAS- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana O. Miranda
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Mendes-Ferreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Paris-Porto Pulmonary Hypertension Collaborative Laboratory (3PH), UMR_S 999, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - João Almeida Coelho
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita N. Gomes
- ICBAS- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Perpétua Pinto-do-Ó
- ICBAS- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana S. Nascimento
- ICBAS- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André P. Lourenço
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cardim
- Centro Cardiovascular, Hospital da Luz – Lisboa, Luz Saúde, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ahmed R, Anam K, Ahmed H. Development of Galectin-3 Targeting Drugs for Therapeutic Applications in Various Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8116. [PMID: 37175823 PMCID: PMC10179732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal3) is one of the most studied members of the galectin family that mediate various biological processes such as growth regulation, immune function, cancer metastasis, and apoptosis. Since Gal3 is pro-inflammatory, it is involved in many diseases that are associated with chronic inflammation such as cancer, organ fibrosis, and type 2 diabetes. As a multifunctional protein involved in multiple pathways of many diseases, Gal3 has generated significant interest in pharmaceutical industries. As a result, several Gal3-targeting therapeutic drugs are being developed to address unmet medical needs. Based on the PubMed search of Gal3 to date (1987-2023), here, we briefly describe its structure, carbohydrate-binding properties, endogenous ligands, and roles in various diseases. We also discuss its potential antagonists that are currently being investigated clinically or pre-clinically by the public and private companies. The updated knowledge on Gal3 function in various diseases could initiate new clinical or pre-clinical investigations to test therapeutic strategies, and some of these strategies could be successful and recognized as novel therapeutics for unmet medical needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hafiz Ahmed
- GlycoMantra Inc., Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Simu GR, Tomoaia R, Rosu RO, Gusetu G, Puiu M, Cismaru G, Caloian B, Terec A, Buliga T, Boer A, Minciuna IA, Bodizs G, Zdrenghea D, Pop D. Galectin-3, Inflammation, and the Risk of Atrial High-Rate Episodes in Patients with Dual Chamber Pacemakers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7710. [PMID: 37175417 PMCID: PMC10178632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) are atrial tachyarrhythmias that are exclusively detected by cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) with an atrial lead. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and predictive factors for AHREs, and to evaluate the ability of inflammation biomarkers to predict the occurrence of AHREs. 102 patients undergoing CIED procedure who received a dual chamber pacemaker were included. CIED interrogation was performed 1 year after the implantation procedure. Patients were divided into groups according to the occurrence of AHREs, which was the primary endpoint of the study. The mean age of the patients was of 73 ± 8.6 years and 48% were male. The incidence of AHREs was 67% at 1 year follow-up. Patients with AHREs were older, had higher left atrial indexed volume (LAVi), higher baseline galectin-3 levels (1007.5 ± 447.3 vs. 790 ± 411.7 pg/mL) and received betablockers more often, along with amiodarone and anticoagulants. Interestingly, the CHADSVASC score did not differ significantly between the two groups. A cut-off value of galectin > 990 pg/mL predicted AHREs with moderate accuracy (AUC of 0.63, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.73, p = 0.04), and this association was confirmed in the univariate regression analysis (OR 1.0012, 95% CI 1.0001 to 1.0023, p = 0.0328). However, based on the multivariate regression analysis, galectin lost its prognostic significance under the effect of LAVi, which remained the only independent predictor of AHREs (OR 1.0883, 95% CI 1.0351 to 1.1441, p = 0.0009). AHREs are common in CIEDs patients. Galectin-3 may bring additional data in the prediction of AHREs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gelu Radu Simu
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.R.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Tomoaia
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.R.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Ovidiu Rosu
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.R.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Gusetu
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.R.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Puiu
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Cismaru
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.R.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Caloian
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.R.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Terec
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodor Buliga
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.R.S.)
| | - Armand Boer
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.R.S.)
| | - Ioan Alexandru Minciuna
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.R.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gyorgy Bodizs
- Clinical Laboratory, Rehabilitation Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dumitru Zdrenghea
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.R.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Pop
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.R.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hung MJ, Yeh CT, Kounis NG, Koniari I, Hu P, Hung MY. Coronary Artery Spasm-Related Heart Failure Syndrome: Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087530. [PMID: 37108691 PMCID: PMC10145866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that becomes worse over time, certain cases can be reversed with appropriate treatments. While coronary artery spasm (CAS) is still underappreciated and may be misdiagnosed, ischemia due to coronary artery disease and CAS is becoming the single most frequent cause of HF worldwide. CAS could lead to syncope, HF, arrhythmias, and myocardial ischemic syndromes such as asymptomatic ischemia, rest and/or effort angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. Albeit the clinical significance of asymptomatic CAS has been undervalued, affected individuals compared with those with classic Heberden's angina pectoris are at higher risk of syncope, life-threatening arrhythmias, and sudden death. As a result, a prompt diagnosis implements appropriate treatment strategies, which have significant life-changing consequences to prevent CAS-related complications, such as HF. Although an accurate diagnosis depends mainly on coronary angiography and provocative testing, clinical characteristics may help decision-making. Because the majority of CAS-related HF (CASHF) patients present with less severe phenotypes than overt HF, it underscores the importance of understanding risk factors correlated with CAS to prevent the future burden of HF. This narrative literature review summarises and discusses separately the epidemiology, clinical features, pathophysiology, and management of patients with CASHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jui Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung City 24201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Continuing Education Program of Food Biotechnology Applications, College of Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Nicholas G Kounis
- Department of Cardiology, University of Patras Medical School, 26221 Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Koniari
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK
| | - Patrick Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Riverside Medical Clinic, Riverside, CA 92506, USA
| | - Ming-Yow Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Teixeira C, Martins HS, Saraiva MJ. Cellular environment of TTR deposits in an animal model of ATTR—Cardiomyopathy. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1144049. [PMID: 36968272 PMCID: PMC10030511 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1144049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiac amyloidoses are the most fatal manifestation of systemic amyloidoses. It is believed the number of cases to be greatly underestimated mostly due to misdiagnosis. Particularly, the involvement of TTR V30M in the heart of ATTRV30M amyloidosis has not been completely understood specifically in terms of implicated cellular pathways, heart function and cardiac physiology. In the present work we proposed to characterize TTR V30M cardiac involvement particularly at the tissue cellular level in a mouse model.Methods: HSF ± hTTR V30M mice, a model that expresses human TTRV30M in a Ttr null background, widely used for the characterization and modulation of neurological features of ATTRV30M amyloidosis was used. SDS-PAGE of cardiac homogenates followed by Western blot was performed. Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence analyses were carried out to determine TTR deposition pattern and sub-localization.Results: Western blots were able to detect TTR in its monomeric state at ∼14 kDa. Immunofluorescent images showed TTR was found mostly in the intercellular spaces. Blood contamination was excluded by CD31 staining. Tissues were Congo Red negative. Upon TTR and macrophages (CD68) staining in the cardiac tissue a clear tendency of macrophage convergence to the tissue regions where TTR was more abundant was observed. Moreover, in some instances it was possible to detect co-localization of both fluorophores. Cardiac fibroblasts were stained with PDGFr-alpha, and here the co-localization was not so evident although there was some degree of co-occurrence. The hearts of transgenic mice revealed higher content of Galectin-3.Conclusion: This animal model and associated features observed as result of cardiac TTR deposition provide a promising and invaluable research tool for a better understanding of the implicated pathways that lead to the lethality associated to TTR cardiac amyloidosis. New therapeutic strategies can be tested and ultimately this will lead to improved treatment alternatives capable of increasing patient’s quality of life and life expectancy and, hopefully to eradicate a condition that is silently spreading worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Teixeira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Sofia Martins
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Saraiva
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Maria João Saraiva,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ahmad F, Karim A, Khan J, Qaisar R. Plasma Galectin-3 and H-FABP correlate with poor physical performance in patients with congestive heart failure. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:532-540. [PMID: 36803120 PMCID: PMC10281532 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231151980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is often associated with compromised physical capacity in patients. However, it is unclear if established HF markers correlate with the physical performance of patients with congestive HF (CHF). We assessed the left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) and ejection fraction (LVEF) and, physical performance parameters, including short physical performance battery (SPPB), gait speed (GS), and handgrip strength (HGS) in 80 patients with CHF along with 59 healthy controls. Furthermore, levels of plasma HF markers galectin-3 and heart-specific fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) were measured in relation to the severity of HF and physical performance. Irrespective of etiology, significantly greater LVESD and lower LVEF were observed in HF patients versus controls. As expected, the levels of HF markers galectin-3 and H-FABP were upregulated in the CHF patients which were accompanied by significantly elevated levels of plasma zonulin and inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP). The SPPB scores, GS, and HGS were significantly lower in the ischemic and non-ischemic HF patients than controls. The level of galectin-3 was inversely correlated with SPPB scores (r2 = 0.089, P = 0.01) and HGS (r2 = 0.078, P = 0.01). Similarly, H-FABP levels were also inversely correlated with SPPB scores (r2 = 0.06, P = 0.03) and HGS (r2 = 0.109, P = 0.004) in the patients with CHF. Taken together, CHF adversely affects physical performance, and galectin-3 and H-FABP may serve as biomarkers of physical disability in patients with CHF. The robust correlations of galectin-3 and H-FABP with the physical performance parameters and CRP in CHF patients suggest that the poor physical performance may partly be caused due to systemic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firdos Ahmad
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, 59911 United Arab Emirates
| | - Asima Karim
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javaidullah Khan
- Department of Cardiology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gunata M, Parlakpinar H. Experimental heart failure models in small animals. Heart Fail Rev 2023; 28:533-554. [PMID: 36504404 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the most critical health and economic burdens worldwide, and its prevalence is continuously increasing. HF is a disease that occurs due to a pathological change arising from the function or structure of the heart tissue and usually progresses. Numerous experimental HF models have been created to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms that cause HF. An understanding of the pathophysiology of HF is essential for the development of novel efficient therapies. During the past few decades, animal models have provided new insights into the complex pathogenesis of HF. Success in the pathophysiology and treatment of HF has been achieved by using animal models of HF. The development of new in vivo models is critical for evaluating treatments such as gene therapy, mechanical devices, and new surgical approaches. However, each animal model has advantages and limitations, and none of these models is suitable for studying all aspects of HF. Therefore, the researchers have to choose an appropriate experimental model that will fully reflect HF. Despite some limitations, these animal models provided a significant advance in the etiology and pathogenesis of HF. Also, experimental HF models have led to the development of new treatments. In this review, we discussed widely used experimental HF models that continue to provide critical information for HF patients and facilitate the development of new treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gunata
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Türkiye.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Screever EM, Gorter TM, Willems TP, Aboumsallem JP, Suthahar N, Mahmoud B, van Veldhuisen DJ, de Boer RA, Meijers WC. Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Related to Galectin-3 and Predicts Outcome in Heart Failure. Biomolecules 2023; 13:410. [PMID: 36979345 PMCID: PMC10046101 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Ongoing adverse remodeling is a hallmark of heart failure (HF), which might be reflected by either focal or diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Therefore, in (pre)clinical settings, we used immunohistochemistry or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) to investigate the association of (focal or diffuse) fibrosis with cardiac biomarkers and adverse events in HF. METHODS AND RESULTS In C57Bl/6J mice, we determined the presence and extent of myocardial fibrosis 6 weeks post-myocardial infarction (MI). Furthermore, we studied 159 outpatient HF patients who underwent CMR, and determined focal and diffuse fibrosis by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and post-contrast T1 time of the non-LGE myocardium, respectively. HF patients were categorized based on the presence of LGE, and by the median post-contrast T1 time. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to determine the association of fibrosis with HF hospitalization and all-cause mortality. LGE was detected in 61 (38%) patients. Cardiac biomarker levels were comparable between LGE-positive and LGE-negative patients. LGE-positive patients with a short T1 time had elevated levels of both NT-proBNP and galectin-3 (1611 vs. 453 ng/L, p = 0.026 and 20 vs. 15 μg/L, p = 0.004, respectively). This was not observed in LGE-negative patients. Furthermore, a short T1 time in LGE-positive patients was associated with a higher risk of adverse events (log-rank p = 0.01). CONCLUSION This study implies that cardiac biomarkers reflect active remodeling of the non-infarcted myocardium of patients with focal myocardial scarring. Diffuse fibrosis, in contrast to focal scarring, might have a higher prognostic value regarding adverse outcomes in HF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elles M. Screever
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M. Gorter
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke P. Willems
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph Pierre Aboumsallem
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Navin Suthahar
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Belend Mahmoud
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter C. Meijers
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li W, Jin Q, Zhang L, He S, Song Y, Xu L, Deng C, Wang L, Qin X, Xie M. Ultrasonic Microbubble Cavitation Deliver Gal-3 shRNA to Inhibit Myocardial Fibrosis after Myocardial Infarction. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030729. [PMID: 36986588 PMCID: PMC10051524 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) participates in myocardial fibrosis (MF) in a variety of ways. Inhibiting the expression of Gal-3 can effectively interfere with MF. This study aimed to explore the value of Gal-3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) transfection mediated by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) in anti-myocardial fibrosis and its mechanism. A rat model of myocardial infarction (MI) was established and randomly divided into control and Gal-3 shRNA/cationic microbubbles + ultrasound (Gal-3 shRNA/CMBs + US) groups. Echocardiography measured the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) weekly, and the heart was harvested to analyze fibrosis, Gal-3, and collagen expression. LVEF in the Gal-3 shRNA/CMB + US group was improved compared with the control group. On day 21, the myocardial Gal-3 expression decreased in the Gal-3 shRNA/CMBs + US group. Furthermore, the proportion of the myocardial fibrosis area in the Gal-3 shRNA/CMBs + US group was 6.9 ± 0.41% lower than in the control group. After inhibition of Gal-3, there was a downregulation in collagen production (collagen I and III), and the ratio of Col I/Col III decreased. In conclusion, UTMD-mediated Gal-3 shRNA transfection can effectively silence the expression of Gal-3 in myocardial tissue, reduce myocardial fibrosis, and protect the cardiac ejection function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqu Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qiaofeng Jin
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shukun He
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yishu Song
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Cheng Deng
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lufang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qin
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: (X.Q.); (M.X.); Tel.: +86-136-0710-8938 (M.X.); Fax: +86-27-85726386 (M.X.)
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: (X.Q.); (M.X.); Tel.: +86-136-0710-8938 (M.X.); Fax: +86-27-85726386 (M.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ribeiro ASF, Zerolo BE, López-Espuela F, Sánchez R, Fernandes VS. Cardiac System during the Aging Process. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.0115. [PMID: 37163425 PMCID: PMC10389818 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process is accompanied by a continuous decline of the cardiac system, disrupting the homeostatic regulation of cells, organs, and systems. Aging increases the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, thus heart failure and mortality. Understanding the cardiac aging process is of pivotal importance once it allows us to design strategies to prevent age-related cardiac events and increasing the quality of live in the elderly. In this review we provide an overview of the cardiac aging process focus on the following topics: cardiac structural and functional modifications; cellular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction in the aging; genetics and epigenetics in the development of cardiac diseases; and aging heart and response to the exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca Egea Zerolo
- Escuela de Enfermería y Fisioterapia San Juan de Dios. Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fidel López-Espuela
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Raúl Sánchez
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Congénitas, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vítor S Fernandes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Parra-Lucares A, Romero-Hernández E, Villa E, Weitz-Muñoz S, Vizcarra G, Reyes M, Vergara D, Bustamante S, Llancaqueo M, Toro L. New Opportunities in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: From Bench to Bedside… and Back. Biomedicines 2022; 11:70. [PMID: 36672578 PMCID: PMC9856156 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing public health problem in nearly 50% of patients with heart failure. Therefore, research on new strategies for its diagnosis and management has become imperative in recent years. Few drugs have successfully improved clinical outcomes in this population. Therefore, numerous attempts are being made to find new pharmacological interventions that target the main mechanisms responsible for this disease. In recent years, pathological mechanisms such as cardiac fibrosis and inflammation, alterations in calcium handling, NO pathway disturbance, and neurohumoral or mechanic impairment have been evaluated as new pharmacological targets showing promising results in preliminary studies. This review aims to analyze the new strategies and mechanical devices, along with their initial results in pre-clinical and different phases of ongoing clinical trials for HFpEF patients. Understanding new mechanisms to generate interventions will allow us to create methods to prevent the adverse outcomes of this silent pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Parra-Lucares
- Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
- MD PhD Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Esteban Romero-Hernández
- MD PhD Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Eduardo Villa
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Sebastián Weitz-Muñoz
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Geovana Vizcarra
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Martín Reyes
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Diego Vergara
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Sergio Bustamante
- Coronary Care Unit, Cardiovascular Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Marcelo Llancaqueo
- Coronary Care Unit, Cardiovascular Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Luis Toro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Relaxin-2 plasma levels in atrial fibrillation are linked to inflammation and oxidative stress markers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22287. [PMID: 36566255 PMCID: PMC9789945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Relaxin-2 exerts many favourable cardiovascular effects in pathological circumstances such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure, but the mechanisms underlying its actions are not completely understood. Since inflammation and fibrosis are pivotal processes in the pathogenesis of AF, our aim was to study the relationship between relaxin-2 plasma levels in left atrium (LA) and peripheral vein with molecules implicated in fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in AF patients, and to evaluate the anti-fibrotic ability of relaxin-2 in normal human atrial cardiac fibroblasts (NHCF-A). Peripheral vein relaxin-2 plasma levels were higher than LA relaxin-2 plasma levels in men while, in women, peripheral vein relaxin-2 levels were increased compared to men. AF patients with higher levels of relaxin-2 exhibited a reduction in H2O2 plasma levels and in mRNA levels of alpha-defensin 3 (DEFA3) and IL-6 in leucocytes from LA plasma. Relaxin-2-in-vitro treatment inhibited NHCF-A migration and decreased mRNA and protein levels of the pro-fibrotic molecule transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Our results support an association between relaxin-2 and molecules involved in fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in AF patients, and reinforce an anti-fibrotic protective role of this hormone in NHCF-A; strengthening the relevance of relaxin-2 in AF physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang T, Ou L, Li X, Zhang P, Miao Q, Niu R, Chen Y. Inhibition of Galectin-3 attenuates silica particles-induced silicosis via regulating the GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
43
|
Haid ME, Zylla S, Paulista Markus MR, Friedrich N, Ewert R, Gläser S, Felix SB, Dörr M, Bahls M. Sex-specific associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and galectin-3 in the general population. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:4240-4249. [PMID: 36113868 PMCID: PMC9773777 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with greater mortality and morbidity. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a prognostic biomarker for fibrosis and heart failure. Gal-3 is also associated with a greater risk for cardiovascular mortality. Whether CRF is related with Gal-3 is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the sex-specific associations of CRF and Gal-3 levels in the general population. METHODS Gal-3 concentrations were determined using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay in the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND-0). Sex-stratified linear regression models adjusted for age, current smoking status, and renal function were used. Individuals with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%, previous myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, chronic lung disease, severe renal disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/mm2 ), a history of cancer, and extreme values for Gal-3 (<1st percentile; >99th percentile) were excluded. RESULTS A total of n = 1515 participants with a median age of 49 (IQR: 39-60 years, 48% males) were included. In men, a 1 L/min greater VO2 peak was significantly related to 0.50 ng/mL (95% CI -0.8068 to -0.1938, P < 0.01) less Gal-3. In males, a 1 mL/min/kg higher VO2 peak adjusted for body weight was associated with -0.0286 ng/mL (95% CI -0.0052 to -0.0005, P = 0.02) less Gal-3. When VO2 peak was adjusted for lean mass 1 mL/kg/min more was correlated with a -0.0022 ng/mL (95% CI -0.0043 to -0.0007, P = 0.04) less Gal-3. In women, VO2 peak (β -0.2046 95% CI -0.6541 to 0.2449, P = 0.37) and VO2 peak adjusted for lean mass (β -0.0019 95% CI -0.0421 to -0.0050, P = 0.12) were not related with Gal-3, whereas a 1 mL/min/kg higher VO2 peak adjusted for body weight was significantly associated with a -0.0064 ng/mL lower Gal-3 (95% CI -0.0092 to -0.0035, P < 0.01). There were no differences between pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women. CONCLUSIONS VO2 peak was associated with Gal-3 only in men, but VO2 peak adjusted for body weight in women and men. Our results suggest that the adverse consequences of low CRF may be mediated by Gal-3. Further research is needed to understand the sex-specific association between CRF and Gal-3 and whether they are clinically relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena E. Haid
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Stephanie Zylla
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Marcello Ricardo Paulista Markus
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Ralf Ewert
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Sven Gläser
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- Vivantes Klinikum SpandauBerlinGermany
- Vivantes Klinikum NeuköllnBerlinGermany
| | - Stephan B. Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Martin Bahls
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hu G, Wu J, Gu H, Deng X, Xu W, Feng S, Wang S, Song Y, Pang Z, Deng X, Vendrov AE, Madamanchi NR, Runge MS, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xiao H, Dong E. Galectin-3-centered paracrine network mediates cardiac inflammation and fibrosis upon β-adrenergic insult. SCIENCE CHINA LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 66:1067-1078. [PMID: 36449214 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Rapid over-activation of β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) following acute stress initiates cardiac inflammation and injury by activating interleukin-18 (IL-18), however, the process of inflammation cascades has not been fully illustrated. The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms of cardiac inflammatory amplification following acute sympathetic activation. With bioinformatics analysis, galectin-3 was identified as a potential key downstream effector of β-AR and IL-18 activation. The serum level of galectin-3 was positively correlated with norepinephrine or IL-18 in patients with chest pain. In the heart of mice treated with β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO, 5 mg kg-1), galectin-3 expression was upregulated markedly later than IL-18 activation, and Nlrp3-/- and Il18-/- mice did not show ISO-induced galectin-3 upregulation. It was further revealed that cardiomyocyte-derived IL-18 induced galectin-3 expression in macrophages following ISO treatment. Moreover, galectin-3 deficiency suppressed ISO-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis without blocking ISO-induced IL-18 increase. Treatment with a galectin-3 inhibitor, but not a β-blocker, one day after ISO treatment effectively attenuated cardiac inflammation and injury. In conclusion, galectin-3 is upregulated to exaggerate cardiac inflammation and injury following acute β-AR activation, a galectin-3 inhibitor effectively blocks cardiac injury one day after β-AR insult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Hu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jimin Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huijun Gu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100087, China
| | - Xiangning Deng
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenli Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shan Feng
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuaixing Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhengda Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiuling Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Aleksandr E Vendrov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nageswara R Madamanchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Marschall S Runge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Erdan Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mansour AA, Krautter F, Zhi Z, Iqbal AJ, Recio C. The interplay of galectins-1, -3, and -9 in the immune-inflammatory response underlying cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:253. [PMID: 36403025 PMCID: PMC9675972 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are β-galactoside-binding proteins that bind and crosslink molecules via their sugar moieties, forming signaling and adhesion networks involved in cellular communication, differentiation, migration, and survival. Galectins are expressed ubiquitously across immune cells, and their function varies with their tissue-specific and subcellular location. Particularly galectin-1, -3, and -9 are highly expressed by inflammatory cells and are involved in the modulation of several innate and adaptive immune responses. Modulation in the expression of these proteins accompany major processes in cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, obesity, and diabetes, making them attractive therapeutic targets. In this review we consider the broad cellular activities ascribed to galectin-1, -3, and -9, highlighting those linked to the progression of different inflammatory driven pathologies in the context of cardiovascular and metabolic disease, to better understand their mechanism of action and provide new insights into the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abo Mansour
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Franziska Krautter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zhaogong Zhi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Asif Jilani Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Carlota Recio
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional -BIOPharm, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Association between Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule 1 and Galectin-3 in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1723309. [PMID: 36388167 PMCID: PMC9646309 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1723309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The biomarkers galectin-3 (Gal-3) and endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM-1) reflect endothelial function and inflammation. As a consequence, they play an important role in both the diagnosis and characterization of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, no prior study has explored the association between ESM-1 and Gal-3 in STEMI patients. This study is aimed at determining the ESM-1 and Gal-3 levels in the serum of STEMI patients and then exploring the correlation between the levels of these two biomarkers and their clinical significance in STEMI patients. The participants were divided into two groups: the ST group comprised 35 hospitalized STEMI patients while the control group comprised 24 people with normal coronary arteries. In all the patients, venous blood was taken from the middle of the antecubital fossa. The serum ESM-1 and Gal-3 concentrations were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results revealed that the ESM-1 and Gal-3 levels in the STEMI patients were 1.6 and 2.8 times higher, respectively, when compared with the controls (P < 0.001). Moreover, the ESM-1 and Gal-3 levels exhibited a positive linear correlation (r = 0.758, P < 0.001) in the acute STEMI patients. In conclusion, the ESM-1 and Gal-3 levels were found to be significantly elevated and correlated in the STEMI patients. Thus, combining these two biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation might be useful for the diagnosis and assessment of STEMI.
Collapse
|
47
|
Richter B, Koller L, Hofer F, Kazem N, Hammer A, Silbert BI, Laufer G, Steinlechner B, Wojta J, Hengstenberg C, Niessner A, Sulzgruber P. Galectin-3 is an independent predictor of postoperative atrial fibrillation and survival after elective cardiac surgery. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:1774-1780. [PMID: 35718316 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication after heart surgery and is associated with thromboembolic events, prolonged hospital stay, and adverse outcomes. Inflammation and fibrosis are involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess whether galectin-3, which reflects preexisting atrial fibrosis, has the potential to predict POAF and mortality after cardiac surgery. METHODS Four hundred seventy-five consecutive patients (mean age 67.4 ± 11.8 years; 336 (70.7%) male) undergoing elective heart surgery at the Medical University of Vienna were included in this prospective single-center cohort study. Galectin-3 plasma levels were assessed on the day before surgery. RESULTS The 200 patients (42.1%) who developed POAF had significantly higher galectin-3 levels (9.60 ± 6.83 ng/mL vs 7.10 ± 3.54 ng/mL; P < .001). Galectin-3 significantly predicted POAF in multivariable logistic regression analysis (adjusted odds ratio per 1-SD increase 1.44; 95% confidence interval 1.15-1.81; P = .002). During a median follow-up of 4.3 years (interquartile range 3.4-5.4 years), 72 patients (15.2%) died. Galectin-3 predicted all-cause mortality in multivariable Cox regression analysis (adjusted hazard ratio per 1-SD increase 1.56; 95% confidence interval 1.16-2.09; P = .003). Patients with the highest-risk galectin-3 levels according to classification and regression tree analysis (>11.70 ng/mL) had a 3.3-fold higher risk of developing POAF and a 4.4-fold higher risk of dying than did patients with the lowest-risk levels (≤5.82 ng/mL). CONCLUSION The profibrotic biomarker galectin-3 is an independent predictor of POAF and mortality after cardiac surgery. This finding highlights the role of the underlying arrhythmogenic substrate in the genesis of POAF. Galectin-3 may help to identify patients at risk of POAF and adverse outcome after cardiac surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Richter
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Koller
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Hofer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Niema Kazem
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hammer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin I Silbert
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Guenther Laufer
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Steinlechner
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Niessner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Patrick Sulzgruber
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sato R, Vatic M, da Fonseca GWP, von Haehling S. Sarcopenia and Frailty in Heart Failure: Is There a Biomarker Signature? Curr Heart Fail Rep 2022; 19:400-411. [PMID: 36261756 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-022-00575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sarcopenia and frailty are common in patients with heart failure (HF) and are strongly associated with prognosis. This review aims to examine promising biomarkers that can guide physicians in identifying sarcopenia and frailty in HF. RECENT FINDINGS Traditional biomarkers including C-reactive protein, aminotransaminase, myostatin, and urinary creatinine as well as novel biomarkers including microRNAs, suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), galectin-3, and procollagen type III N-terminal peptide may help in predicting the development of sarcopenia and frailty in HF patients. Among those biomarkers, aminotransferase, urinary creatinine, and ST2 predicted the prognosis in HF patients with sarcopenia and frailty. This review outlines the current knowledge of biomarkers that are considered promising for diagnosing sarcopenia and frailty in HF. The listed biomarkers might support the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic decisions for sarcopenia and frailty in HF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sato
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Mirela Vatic
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Gottingen, Germany
| | | | - Stephan von Haehling
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mao Y, Zhao K, Li P, Sheng Y. The emerging role of leptin in obesity-associated cardiac fibrosis: evidence and mechanism. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:991-1011. [PMID: 36214893 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases, which is quite commonly found in obesity, and may contribute to the increased incidence of heart failure arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death in obese populations. As an endogenous regulator of adiposity metabolism, body mass, and energy balance, obesity, characterized by increased circulating levels of the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin, is a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Although there are some gaps in our knowledge linking leptin and cardiac fibrosis, this review will focus on the interplay between leptin and major effectors involved in the pathogenesis underlying cardiac fibrosis at both cellular and molecular levels based on the current reports. The profibrotic effect of leptin is predominantly mediated by activated cardiac fibroblasts but may also involve cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and immune cells. Moreover, a series of molecular signals with a known profibrotic property is closely involved in leptin-induced fibrotic events. A more comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms through which leptin contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis may open up a new avenue for the rapid emergence of a novel therapy for preventing or even reversing obesity-associated cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanhui Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Li G, Yang J, Zhang D, Wang X, Han J, Guo X. Research Progress of Myocardial Fibrosis and Atrial Fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:889706. [PMID: 35958428 PMCID: PMC9357935 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.889706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aging population and the increasing incidence of basic illnesses such as hypertension and diabetes (DM), the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) has increased significantly. AF is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, which can cause heart failure (HF) and ischemic stroke (IS), increasing disability and mortality. Current studies point out that myocardial fibrosis (MF) is one of the most critical substrates for the occurrence and maintenance of AF. Although myocardial biopsy is the gold standard for evaluating MF, it is rarely used in clinical practice because it is an invasive procedure. In addition, serological indicators and imaging methods have also been used to evaluate MF. Nevertheless, the accuracy of serological markers in evaluating MF is controversial. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of MF, serological evaluation, imaging evaluation, and anti-fibrosis treatment to discuss the existing problems and provide new ideas for MF and AF evaluation and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangling Li
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Demei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueya Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xueya Guo,
| |
Collapse
|