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Ren X, He J, Hu H, Kohsaka S, Zhao LR. Hematopoietic growth factors Regulate Entry of Monocytes into the Adult Brain via Chemokine Receptor CCR5. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594359. [PMID: 38798506 PMCID: PMC11118552 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Monocytes are circulating macrophage precursors and are generated from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells. In the adults, monocytes continuously replenish cerebral border-associated macrophages under a physiological condition. Monocytes also rapidly infiltrate into the brain in the settings of pathological conditions. The mechanisms of recruiting monocyte-derived macrophages into the brain under pathological conditions have been extensively studied. However, it remains unclear how monocytes enter the brain for renewal of border-associated macrophages under the physiological condition. Using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, this study reveals that the combination of two hematopoietic growth factors, stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), complementarily and synergistically enhances adhesion of monocytes to cerebral endothelial cells in a dose dependent manner. Cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in brain endothelial cells, but not cell adhesion molecules mediating neuroinflammation-related infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages, modulates the SCF+G-CSF-enhanced monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Blocking CCR5 or genetically deleting CCR5 reduces monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion induced by SCF+G-CSF. SCF+G-CSF-enhanced recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages in cerebral perivascular space is also reduced in adult CCR5 knockout mice. This study demonstrates the contribution of SCF and G-CSF in regulating the entry of monocytes into the adult brain to replenish perivascular macrophages.
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2
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Hu D, Guan JL. The roles of immune cells in Behçet's disease. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:49. [PMID: 37814339 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis that can affect multiple systems, including the skin, mucous membranes, joints, eyes, gastrointestinal and nervous. However, the pathogenesis of BD remains unclear, and it is believed that immune-inflammatory reactions play a crucial role in its development. Immune cells are a critical component of this process and contribute to the onset and progression of BD. By regulating the function of these immune cells, effective control over the occurrence and development of BD can be achieved, particularly with regards to monocyte activation and aggregation, macrophage differentiation and polarization, as well as T cell subset differentiation. This review provides a brief overview of immune cells and their role in regulating BD progression, which may serve as a theoretical foundation for preventing and treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Huadong Hospital affiliated with Fudan University, #221 Yan'an West Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Long Guan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Huadong Hospital affiliated with Fudan University, #221 Yan'an West Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China.
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3
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Parameters to Predict the Outcome of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Patients when Admitted to the Hospital. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041323. [PMID: 36835858 PMCID: PMC9959673 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Manifestations of COVID-19 are diverse and range from asymptomatic to severe, critical illness and death. Cases requiring hospital care (in severe and critical illnesses) are associated with comorbidities and hyperactivation of the immune system. Therefore, in this exploratory observational study, we analyzed which parameters are associated with mortality. We evaluated: demographic characteristics (age, sex and comorbidities), laboratory data (albumin, leukocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, ferritin), days of hospital stay, interleukins (IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-17) and sP-selectin in 40 Mexican patients admitted to medical emergencies with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, a complete clinical record, and who signed the informed consent. Twenty severe (they required intermediate care with non-invasive ventilation) and twenty critically ill patients (they required mechanical ventilation) were classified, and these were subsequently compared with healthy and recovered subjects. A significant difference was found between the hospitalized groups in the parameters of age, ferritin, days of hospital stay and death with p values = 0.0145, p = 0.0441, p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively. In the determination of cytokines and P-selectin, a significant difference was found between the following groups: recovered patients and healthy volunteers compared with hospitalized patients in severe and critical condition. Importantly, IL-7 remained elevated one year later in recovered patients. Taken together, these values determined at the time of hospital admission could be useful to monitor patients closely and evaluate in-hospital progress, hospital discharge, and out-of-hospital progress.
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Chronic Immune Platelet Activation Is Followed by Platelet Refractoriness and Impaired Contractility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137336. [PMID: 35806341 PMCID: PMC9266422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), have a high risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications associated with altered platelet functionality. We studied platelets from the blood of SLE patients and their reactivity. The surface expression of phosphatidylserine, P-selectin, and active integrin αIIbβ3 were measured using flow cytometry before and after platelet stimulation. Soluble P-selectin was measured in plasma. The kinetics of platelet-driven clot contraction was studied, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy of unstimulated platelets. Elevated levels of membrane-associated phosphatidylserine and platelet-attached and soluble P-selectin correlated directly with the titers of IgG, anti-dsDNA-antibodies, and circulating immune complexes. Morphologically, platelets in SLE lost their resting discoid shape, formed membrane protrusions and aggregates, and had a rough plasma membrane. The signs of platelet activation were associated paradoxically with reduced reactivity to a physiological stimulus and impaired contractility that revealed platelet exhaustion and refractoriness. Platelet activation has multiple pro-coagulant effects, and the inability to fully contract (retract) blood clots can be either a hemorrhagic or pro-thrombotic mechanism related to altered clot permeability, sensitivity of clots to fibrinolysis, obstructiveness, and embologenicity. Therefore, chronic immune platelet activation followed by secondary platelet dysfunction comprise an understudied pathogenic mechanism that supports hemostatic disorders in autoimmune diseases, such as SLE.
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Variations in the Gene Expression Profile in Atherosclerotic Patients with Non-Fatal ACS. A Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095017. [PMID: 35563407 PMCID: PMC9104366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is related to interactions between immune cells, endothelium, and blood platelets. An increasing number of reports confirm the link between excessive immune activation and cellular cross-talk with ACS incidence. Our genetic and proteomic analysis was performed on strictly selected atherosclerotic patients with non-fatal ACS without typical risk factors and healthy donors. Results showed changes in the gene expression levels of the various inflammatory factors derived from the peripheral blood cells that drive the over-activation of the immune system. The enhanced activation of the immune system may lead to the overexpression of the pro-inflammatory mediators, which causes self-perpetuating machinery of processes associated with thrombosis. In our preliminary study, we confirmed an altered expression of genes associated with the inflammation and overall interaction of the vascular microenvironment. Furthermore, 5 of 92 analyzed genes, CCL2, CCR2, CSF2, GZMB, and ICOS, were expressed only in patients with ACS. In conclusion, the augmented expression of the pro-inflammatory genes from the peripheral blood cells may be a crucial genetic factor leading to the occurrence of acute inflammation and thus be significant in ACS pathogenesis.
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6
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Shaikhnia F, Ghasempour G, Mohammadi A, Shabani M, Najafi M. miR-27a inhibits molecular adhesion between monocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells; systemic approach. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:31. [PMID: 35144666 PMCID: PMC8830077 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The endothelial cells overexpress the adhesion molecules in the leukocyte diapedesis pathway, developing vessel subendothelial molecular events. In this study, miR-194 and miR-27a were predicted and investigated on the expression of adhesion molecules in HUVEC cells. The SELE, SELP, and JAM-B adhesion molecules involved in the leukocyte tethering were predicted on the GO-enriched gene network. Following transfection of PEI-miRNA particles into HUVEC cells, the SELE, SELP, and JAM-B gene expression levels were evaluated by real-time qPCR. Furthermore, the monocyte-endothelial adhesion was performed using adhesion assay kit. RESULTS In agreement with the prediction results, the cellular data showed that miR-27a and miR-194 decrease significantly the SELP and JAM-B expression levels in HUVECs (P < 0.05). Moreover, both the miRNAs suppressed the monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Since the miR-27a inhibited significantly the monocyte-endothelial adhesion (P = 0.0001) through the suppression of SELP and JAM-B thus it might relate to the leukocyte diapedesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shaikhnia
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghasempour
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Phillippi DT, Daniel S, Pusadkar V, Youngblood VL, Nguyen KN, Azad RK, McFarlin BK, Lund AK. Inhaled diesel exhaust particles result in microbiome-related systemic inflammation and altered cardiovascular disease biomarkers in C57Bl/6 male mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:10. [PMID: 35135577 PMCID: PMC8827295 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota plays a vital role in host homeostasis and is associated with inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is a known mediator of inflammation and CVD and is reported to promote dysbiosis and decreased intestinal integrity. However, the role of inhaled traffic-generated PM on the gut microbiome and its corresponding systemic effects are not well-characterized. Thus, we investigated the hypothesis that exposure to inhaled diesel exhaust particles (DEP) alters the gut microbiome and promotes microbial-related inflammation and CVD biomarkers. 4–6-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice on either a low-fat (LF, 10% fat) or high-fat (HF, 45% fat) diet were exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration to 35 μg DEP suspended in 35 μl saline or saline only (CON) 2x/week for 30 days. To determine whether probiotics could prevent diet or DEP exposure mediated alterations in the gut microbiome or systemic outcomes, a subset of animals on the HF diet were treated orally with 0.3 g/day (~ 7.5 × 108 CFU/day) of Winclove Ecologic® Barrier probiotics throughout the study. Results Our results show that inhaled DEP exposure alters gut microbial profiles, including reducing Actinobacteria and expanding Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria. We observed increased circulating LPS, altered circulating cytokines (IL-1α, IL-3, IL-13, IL-15, G-CSF, LIF, MIP-2, and TNF-α), and CVD biomarkers (siCAM, PAI-1, sP-Selectin, thrombomodulin, and PECAM) in DEP-exposed and/or HF diet mice. Furthermore, probiotics attenuated the observed reduction of Actinobacteria and expansion of Proteobacteria in DEP-exposed and HF-diet mice. Probiotics mitigated circulating cytokines (IL-3, IL-13, G-CSF, RANTES, and TNF- α) and CVD biomarkers (siCAM, PAI-1, sP-Selectin, thrombomodulin, and PECAM) in respect to DEP-exposure and/or HF diet. Conclusion Key findings of this study are that inhaled DEP exposure alters small intestinal microbial profiles that play a role in systemic inflammation and early CVD biomarkers. Probiotic treatment in this study was fundamental in understanding the role of inhaled DEP on the microbiome and related systemic inflammatory and CVD biomarkers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00452-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle T Phillippi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, EESAT - 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Sarah Daniel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, EESAT - 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Vaidehi Pusadkar
- BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Victoria L Youngblood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, EESAT - 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Kayla N Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, EESAT - 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Rajeev K Azad
- BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.,Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Brian K McFarlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.,UNT Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Amie K Lund
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, EESAT - 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
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8
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Popp SK, Vecchio F, Brown DJ, Fukuda R, Suzuki Y, Takeda Y, Wakamatsu R, Sarma MA, Garrett J, Giovenzana A, Bosi E, Lafferty AR, Brown KJ, Gardiner EE, Coupland LA, Thomas HE, Chong BH, Parish CR, Battaglia M, Petrelli A, Simeonovic CJ. Circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates characterize the development of type 1 diabetes in humans and NOD mice. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153993. [PMID: 35076023 PMCID: PMC8855805 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-neutrophil aggregates (PNAs) facilitate neutrophil activation and migration and could underpin the recruitment of neutrophils to the pancreas during type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis. PNAs, measured by flow cytometry, were significantly elevated in the circulation of autoantibody-positive (Aab+) children and new-onset T1D children, as well as in pre-T1D (at 4 weeks and 10–12 weeks) and T1D-onset NOD mice, compared with relevant controls, and PNAs were characterized by activated P-selectin+ platelets. PNAs were similarly increased in pre-T1D and T1D-onset NOD isolated islets/insulitis, and immunofluorescence staining revealed increased islet-associated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) products (myeloperoxidase [MPO] and citrullinated histones [CitH3]) in NOD pancreata. In vitro, cell-free histones and NETs induced islet cell damage, which was prevented by the small polyanionic drug methyl cellobiose sulfate (mCBS) that binds to histones and neutralizes their pathological effects. Elevated circulating PNAs could, therefore, act as an innate immune and pathogenic biomarker of T1D autoimmunity. Platelet hyperreactivity within PNAs appears to represent a previously unrecognized hematological abnormality that precedes T1D onset. In summary, PNAs could contribute to the pathogenesis of T1D and potentially function as a pre-T1D diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Popp
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia
| | - Federica Vecchio
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Debra J. Brown
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia
| | - Riho Fukuda
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuma Takeda
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rikako Wakamatsu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahalakshmi A. Sarma
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia
| | - Jessica Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anna Giovenzana
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Vita Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Antony R.A. Lafferty
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - Karen J. Brown
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E. Gardiner
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU, Canberra, Australia
| | - Lucy A. Coupland
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU, Canberra, Australia
| | - Helen E. Thomas
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Beng H. Chong
- Hematology Research Unit, St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher R. Parish
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU, Canberra, Australia
| | - Manuela Battaglia
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Petrelli
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Charmaine J. Simeonovic
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia
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9
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Barale C, Melchionda E, Morotti A, Russo I. Prothrombotic Phenotype in COVID-19: Focus on Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413638. [PMID: 34948438 PMCID: PMC8705811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection is associated with a broad spectrum of presentations, but alveolar capillary microthrombi have been described as a common finding in COVID-19 patients, appearing as a consequence of a severe endothelial injury with endothelial cell membrane disruption. These observations clearly point to the identification of a COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, which may contribute to thrombosis, multi-organ damage, and cause of severity and fatality. One significant finding that emerges in prothrombotic abnormalities observed in COVID-19 patients is that the coagulation alterations are mainly mediated by the activation of platelets and intrinsically related to viral-mediated endothelial inflammation. Beyond the well-known role in hemostasis, the ability of platelets to also release various potent cytokines and chemokines has elevated these small cells from simple cell fragments to crucial modulators in the blood, including their inflammatory functions, that have a large influence on the immune response during infectious disease. Indeed, platelets are involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury also by promoting NET formation and affecting vascular permeability. Specifically, the deposition by activated platelets of the chemokine platelet factor 4 at sites of inflammation promotes adhesion of neutrophils on endothelial cells and thrombogenesis, and it seems deeply involved in the phenomenon of vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Importantly, the hyperactivated platelet phenotype along with evidence of cytokine storm, high levels of P-selectin, D-dimer, and, on the other hand, decreased levels of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and thrombocytopenia may be considered suitable biomarkers that distinguish the late stage of COVID-19 progression in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabella Russo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6705447; Fax: +39-011-9038639
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10
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Yatim N, Boussier J, Chocron R, Hadjadj J, Philippe A, Gendron N, Barnabei L, Charbit B, Szwebel TA, Carlier N, Pène F, Azoulay C, Khider L, Mirault T, Diehl JL, Guerin CL, Rieux-Laucat F, Duffy D, Kernéis S, Smadja DM, Terrier B. Platelet activation in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Ann Intensive Care 2021; 11:113. [PMID: 34273008 PMCID: PMC8286043 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-021-00899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular, arterial and venous thrombotic events have been largely described during severe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). However, mechanisms underlying hemostasis dysregulation remain unclear. METHODS We explored two independent cross-sectional cohorts to identify soluble markers and gene-expression signatures that discriminated COVID-19 severity and outcomes. RESULTS We found that elevated soluble (s)P-selectin at admission was associated with disease severity. Elevated sP-selectin was predictive of intubation and death (ROC AUC = 0.67, p = 0.028 and AUC = 0.74, p = 0.0047, respectively). An optimal cutoff value was predictive of intubation with 66% negative predictive value (NPV) and 61% positive predictive value (PPV), and of death with 90% NPV and 55% PPV. An unbiased gene set enrichment analysis revealed that critically ill patients had increased expression of genes related to platelet activation. Hierarchical clustering identified ITG2AB, GP1BB, PPBP and SELPLG to be upregulated in a grade-dependent manner. ROC curve analysis for the prediction of intubation was significant for SELPLG and PPBP (AUC = 0.8, p = 0.046 for both). An optimal cutoff value for PBPP was predictive of intubation with 100% NPV and 45% PPV, and for SELPLG with 100% NPV and 50% PPV. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that platelets contribute to COVID-19 severity. Plasma sP-selectin level was associated with severity and in-hospital mortality. Transcriptional analysis identified PPBP/CXCL7 and SELPLG as biomarkers for intubation. These findings provide additional evidence for platelet activation in driving critical COVID-19. Specific studies evaluating the performance of these biomarkers are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Yatim
- Translational Immunology Lab, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Jeremy Boussier
- Translational Immunology Lab, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Richard Chocron
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U970, PARCC, Paris, France.,Emergency Department, APHP-CUP, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Hadjadj
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, UMR 1163, Université de Paris, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Philippe
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France.,Hematology Department, APHP-CUP, 75015, Paris, France.,Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation), Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Gendron
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France.,Hematology Department, APHP-CUP, 75015, Paris, France.,Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation), Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Laura Barnabei
- Imagine Institute Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, UMR 1163, Université de Paris, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Charbit
- Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, CRT, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Tali-Anne Szwebel
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Carlier
- Department of Pulmonology, APHP-CUP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Pène
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, 75006, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive and Réanimation, APHP-CUP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Célia Azoulay
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Lina Khider
- Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation), Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015, Paris, France.,Vascular Medicine Department, APHP-CUP, Université de Paris, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Tristan Mirault
- Vascular Medicine Department, APHP-CUP, Université de Paris, 75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, INSERM, U970, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Diehl
- Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation), Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015, Paris, France.,Department of Pulmonology, APHP-CUP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.,Intensive Care Unit, APHP-CUP, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Coralie L Guerin
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- Imagine Institute Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, INSERM, UMR 1163, Université de Paris, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Lab, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, CRT, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Solen Kernéis
- Equipe Mobile d'Infectiologie, APHP-CUP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.,Epidemiology and Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion (EMAE), Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, INSERM, IAME, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - David M Smadja
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France.,Hematology Department, APHP-CUP, 75015, Paris, France.,Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation), Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Terrier
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, INSERM, U970, PARCC, Paris, France. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Cochin, 27, Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75679, Paris Cedex 14, France.
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11
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Zamora C, Cantó E, Vidal S. The Dual Role of Platelets in the Cardiovascular Risk of Chronic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625181. [PMID: 33868242 PMCID: PMC8046936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases often exhibit cardiovascular risk. This risk is associated with the systemic inflammation that persists in these patients, causing a sustained endothelial activation. Different mechanisms have been considered responsible for this systemic inflammation, among which activated platelets have been regarded as a major player. However, in recent years, the role of platelets has become controversial. Not only can this subcellular component release pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, but it can also bind to different subsets of circulating lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils modulating their function in either direction. How platelets exert this dual role is not yet fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Zamora
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cantó
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Vidal
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Thromboinflammation Model-on-A-Chip by Whole Blood Microfluidics on Fixed Human Endothelium. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020203. [PMID: 33573079 PMCID: PMC7911484 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have an established role in the study of platelets and coagulation factors in thrombosis, with potential diagnostic applications. However, few microfluidic devices have assessed the contribution of neutrophils to thrombus formation, despite increasing knowledge of neutrophils’ importance in cardiovascular thrombosis. We describe a thromboinflammation model which uses straight channels, lined with fixed human umbilical vein endothelial cells, after treatment with tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Re-calcified whole blood is perfused over the endothelium at venous and arterial shear rate. Neutrophil adhesion, platelet and fibrin thrombus formation, is measured over time by the addition of fluorescent antibodies to a whole blood sample. Fixed endothelium retains surface expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and E-Selectin. Neutrophils adhere preferentially to platelet thrombi on the endothelium. Inhibitors of neutrophil adhesion and anti-inflammatory agents, such as isoquercetin, decrease neutrophil adhesion. Our model offers the advantage of the use of (1) fixed endothelium, (2) whole blood, instead of isolated neutrophils, and (3) a small amount of blood (1 mL). The characteristics of this thromboinflammation model provide the potential for further development for drug screening and point-of-care applications.
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13
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Grobler C, Maphumulo SC, Grobbelaar LM, Bredenkamp JC, Laubscher GJ, Lourens PJ, Steenkamp J, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Covid-19: The Rollercoaster of Fibrin(Ogen), D-Dimer, Von Willebrand Factor, P-Selectin and Their Interactions with Endothelial Cells, Platelets and Erythrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145168. [PMID: 32708334 PMCID: PMC7403995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), also known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced infection, is strongly associated with various coagulopathies that may result in either bleeding and thrombocytopenia or hypercoagulation and thrombosis. Thrombotic and bleeding or thrombotic pathologies are significant accompaniments to acute respiratory syndrome and lung complications in COVID-19. Thrombotic events and bleeding often occur in subjects with weak constitutions, multiple risk factors and comorbidities. Of particular interest are the various circulating inflammatory coagulation biomarkers involved directly in clotting, with specific focus on fibrin(ogen), D-dimer, P-selectin and von Willebrand Factor (VWF). Central to the activity of these biomarkers are their receptors and signalling pathways on endothelial cells, platelets and erythrocytes. In this review, we discuss vascular implications of COVID-19 and relate this to circulating biomarker, endothelial, erythrocyte and platelet dysfunction. During the progression of the disease, these markers may either be within healthy levels, upregulated or eventually depleted. Most significant is that patients need to be treated early in the disease progression, when high levels of VWF, P-selectin and fibrinogen are present, with normal or slightly increased levels of D-dimer (however, D-dimer levels will rapidly increase as the disease progresses). Progression to VWF and fibrinogen depletion with high D-dimer levels and even higher P-selectin levels, followed by the cytokine storm, will be indicative of a poor prognosis. We conclude by looking at point-of-care devices and methodologies in COVID-19 management and suggest that a personalized medicine approach should be considered in the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corlia Grobler
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.G.); (S.C.M.); (L.M.G.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Siphosethu C. Maphumulo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.G.); (S.C.M.); (L.M.G.); (J.C.B.)
| | - L. Mireille Grobbelaar
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.G.); (S.C.M.); (L.M.G.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Jhade C. Bredenkamp
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.G.); (S.C.M.); (L.M.G.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Gert J. Laubscher
- Elsie du Toit Street, Stellenbosch MediClinic, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; (G.J.L.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Petrus J. Lourens
- Elsie du Toit Street, Stellenbosch MediClinic, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; (G.J.L.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Janami Steenkamp
- PathCare Laboratories, PathCare Business Centre, Neels Bothma Street, N1 City, Cape Town 7460, South Africa;
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.G.); (S.C.M.); (L.M.G.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Building 220, Kemitorve Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Correspondence: (D.B.K.); (E.P.)
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.G.); (S.C.M.); (L.M.G.); (J.C.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.B.K.); (E.P.)
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14
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Zheng J, Wang W, Hong T, Yang S, Shen J, Liu C. Suppression of microRNA-155 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on CD4+ T cell-mediated inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:654-664. [PMID: 32372074 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effects of miR-155 on CD4+ T cell-mediated immune response in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were harvested from the same donor. Knockdown of miR-155 in the CD4+ T cells was achieved by lentiviral transfection, whereas control RNA-transfected or untransfected lymphocytes were used as controls. The transfected CD4+ T cells were activated by incubating with oxidized low-density lipoprotein-treated dendritic cells. The proliferative capacities, phenotype distribution, and cytokine secretion profiles of the activated CD4+ T cells from different groups were evaluated. The activated lymphocytes were used to treat ECs co-cultivated with VSMCs. The ability of the CD4+ T cells to induce the apoptosis of the ECs and to promote the proliferation of the VSMCs was investigated. Inhibition of miR-155 was found to significantly reduce the proliferation rate of the transfected CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T lymphocytes transfected with the miR-155 inhibitor showed increased populations of T helper type 2 and regulatory T cells, as well as more production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. MiR-155 knockdown was also shown to significantly hamper the ability to CD4+ T cells to induce EC apoptosis and to promote the growth of VSMCs. Our data suggested that inhibition of miR-155 in CD4+ T cells could slow down the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. These results lay the groundwork for future research on the therapeutic potential of miR-155 against atherosclerosis-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenshuo Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shouguo Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinqiang Shen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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Dietary weight loss intervention improves subclinical atherosclerosis and oxidative stress markers in leukocytes of obese humans. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:2200-2209. [PMID: 30622308 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between caloric restriction-mediated weight loss and the generation of ROS and its effects on atherosclerotic markers in obesity is not fully understood. Therefore, we set out to investigate whether dietary weight loss intervention improves markers of oxidative stress in leukocytes and subclinical parameters of atherosclerosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was an interventional study of 59 obese subjects (BMI > 35 kg/m2) who underwent 6 months of dietary therapy, including a 6-week very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) followed by an 18-week low-calorie diet (LCD). We determined clinical parameters, inflammatory markers-hsCRP, TNFα and NFκB -, oxidative stress parameters-total superoxide, glutathione, catalase activity and protein carbonyl groups-, soluble cellular adhesion molecules-sICAM, sP-selectin, sPSGL-1 -, myeloperoxidase (MPO), leukocyte-endothelium cell interactions-rolling flux, velocity and adhesion-and LDL subfractions, before and after the dietary intervention. RESULTS After losing weight, an improvement was observed in the patients' anthropometric, blood pressure and metabolic parameters, and was associated with reduced inflammatory response (hsCRP, TNFα and NFκB). Oxidative stress parameters improved, since superoxide production and protein carbonyl content were reduced and antioxidant systems were enhanced. In addition, a significant reduction of subclinical markers of atherosclerosis-small and dense LDL particles, MPO, sP-selectin and leukocyte adhesion-and an increase in soluble PSGL-1 were reported. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the improvement of subclinical atherosclerotic markers after dietary weight loss intervention is associated with a reduction of oxidative stress in leukocytes and inflammatory pathways, suggesting that these are the underlying mechanisms responsible for the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in obese subjects after losing weight.
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16
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Mawhin MA, Tilly P, Zirka G, Charles AL, Slimani F, Vonesch JL, Michel JB, Bäck M, Norel X, Fabre JE. Neutrophils recruited by leukotriene B4 induce features of plaque destabilization during endotoxaemia. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1656-1666. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Anne Mawhin
- UMR 1148 INSERM, Xavier Bichat Hospital, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris, France
- IGMBC, Illkirch, France
- UMR 7104 CNRS, Illkirch, France
- U964 INSERM, Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Peggy Tilly
- IGMBC, Illkirch, France
- UMR 7104 CNRS, Illkirch, France
- U964 INSERM, Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gaia Zirka
- UMR 1148 INSERM, Xavier Bichat Hospital, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- Equipe d'accueil 3072, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Medicine Federation, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Farid Slimani
- IGMBC, Illkirch, France
- UMR 7104 CNRS, Illkirch, France
- U964 INSERM, Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- INSERM U1116, University of Lorraine and CHRU, Nancy, France
| | - Xavier Norel
- UMR 1148 INSERM, Xavier Bichat Hospital, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Etienne Fabre
- UMR 1148 INSERM, Xavier Bichat Hospital, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris, France
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17
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Ray M, Autieri MV. Regulation of pro- and anti-atherogenic cytokines. Cytokine 2017; 122:154175. [PMID: 29221669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in prevention and treatment, vascular diseases continue to account for significant morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Incidence is expected to worsen as the number of patients with common co-morbidities linked with atherosclerotic vascular disease, such as obesity and diabetes, continues to increase, reaching epidemic proportions. Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven vascular inflammatory disease involving multiple cell types in various stages of inflammation, activation, apoptosis, and necrosis. One commonality among these cell types is that they are activated and communicate with each other in a paracrine fashion via a complex network of cytokines. Cytokines mediate atherogenesis by stimulating expression of numerous proteins necessary for induction of a host of cellular responses, including inflammation, extravasation, proliferation, apoptosis, and matrix production. Cytokine expression is regulated by a number of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. In this context, proteins that control and fine-tune cytokine expression can be considered key players in development of atherosclerosis and also represent targets for rational drug therapy to combat this disease. This review will describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive atherosclerotic plaque progression and present key cytokines that participate in this process. We will also describe RNA binding proteins that mediate cytokine mRNA stability and regulate cytokine abundance. Identification and characterization of the cytokines and proteins that regulate their abundance are essential to our ability to identify therapeutic approaches to ameliorate atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Ray
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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18
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Aleva FE, van de Veerdonk FL, Li Y, Tunjungputri RN, Simons S, De Groot PG, Netea MM, Heijdra YF, de Mast Q, van der Ven AJAM. The effects of signal transducer and activator of transcription three mutations on human platelets. Platelets 2017; 29:602-609. [PMID: 28960117 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1349309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in inflammation is well known. Recently, a role for STAT3 in platelet activation and platelet production has been suggested. Platelets exhibit important immune functions and engagement of STAT3 in platelet physiology may link inflammation and hemostasis. This study investigated the effects of STAT3 loss-of-function mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in STAT3 on glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-mediated platelet activation and platelet numbers in humans. Two cohorts were studied. The first cohort concerned patients with STAT3 loss-of-function mutations. Platelet numbers were investigated in eight patients and GPVI-mediated platelet activation was functionally tested in four patients. Additional experiments were performed to investigate underlying mechanisms. The second cohort concerned 334 healthy volunteers and investigated the consequences of SNPs in STAT3 on GPVI-mediated platelet activation and platelet numbers. Platelet activation was lower in STAT3 loss-of-function patients at baseline and after stimulation of the GPVI receptor, reflected by decreased P-selectin expression. This was independent of gene transcription. Blockade of the adenosine di-phosphate (ADP) pathway resulted in a further decrease of P-selectin expression, particularly in STAT3 loss-of-function patients. In contrast, the SNPs in STAT3 did not influence GPVI-mediated platelet activation. Also, platelet numbers were not affected by STAT3 loss-of-function mutations, nor was there an association with the SNPs. In conclusion, STAT3 signaling does not seem to play a major role in thrombopoiesis. We confirm that STAT3 is involved in GPVI-mediated platelet activation in humans, independent of gene transcription. GPVI-mediated platelet activation is highly dependent on secondary ADP release. Our findings suggest that STAT3 modulation may affect inflammation, hemostasis, and their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor E Aleva
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- d Department of Genetics , University Medical Center Groningen , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Rahajeng N Tunjungputri
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Sami Simons
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Philip G De Groot
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Mihai M Netea
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne F Heijdra
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - André J A M van der Ven
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
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19
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Anti-Inflammatory Chromatinscape Suggests Alternative Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Receptor Action. Immunity 2017; 47:298-309.e5. [PMID: 28801231 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of glucocorticoids (GCs), their anti-inflammatory effects are not understood mechanistically. Numerous investigations have examined the effects of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation prior to inflammatory challenges. However, clinical situations are emulated by a GC intervention initiated in the midst of rampant inflammatory responses. To characterize the effects of a late GC treatment, we profiled macrophage transcriptional and chromatinscapes with Dexamethasone (Dex) treatment before or after stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The late activation of GR had a similar gene-expression profile as from GR pre-activation, while ameliorating the disruption of metabolic genes. Chromatin occupancy of GR was not predictive of Dex-regulated gene expression, contradicting the "trans-repression by tethering" model. Rather, GR activation resulted in genome-wide blockade of NF-κB interaction with chromatin and directly induced inhibitors of NF-κB and AP-1. Our investigation using GC treatments with clinically relevant timing highlights mechanisms underlying GR actions for modulating the "inflamed epigenome."
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20
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Nowak JK, Wojsyk-Banaszak I, Mądry E, Wykrętowicz A, Krzyżanowska P, Drzymała-Czyż S, Nowicka A, Pogorzelski A, Sapiejka E, Skorupa W, Szczepanik M, Lisowska A, Walkowiak J. Increased Soluble VCAM-1 and Normal P-Selectin in Cystic Fibrosis: a Cross-Sectional Study. Lung 2017. [PMID: 28646244 PMCID: PMC5522656 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-017-0029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose As life expectancy in cystic fibrosis (CF) increases, questions regarding its potential impact on cardiovascular health arise. Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), P-selectin (sP-selectin) are proposed as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to: compare their concentrations in clinically stable CF patients and healthy subjects (HS) and verify whether they independently correlate with CF characteristics. Methods Serum sVCAM-1 and sP-selectin levels were measured using ELISA. CF was characterized using: forced expiratory volume in 1 s, exocrine pancreatic and CF-related liver disease status, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and body mass index (BMI). CFTR genotypes were classified as severe (classes I and II) or other. Results 108 CF patients and 51 healthy subjects volunteered for the study. In the CF group BMI was lower (median [IQR]: 20.5 kg/m2 [18.4–22.2] vs. 21.6 kg/m2 [19.9–23.4], p = 0.02) and hsCRP levels were higher (3.6 mg/L [1.1–7.1] vs. 0.5 mg/dL [0.3–1.0], p < 10−10). While sVCAM-1 concentrations were greater in CF patients (1018 ng/mL [851–1279] vs. 861 ng/mL [806–979], p < 10−4), sP-selectin levels did not differ (155 ng/mL [129–188] vs. 156 ng/mL [144–177], p = 0.48). None of the multivariable regression models was valid for the prediction of sVCAM-1 and sP-selectin in CF. Conclusions We found higher sVCAM-1 concentrations in CF patients than in healthy subjects, which were not explained by CF characteristics. Further research is required to check whether sVCAM-1 is a marker of microangiopathy in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan K Nowak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Irena Wojsyk-Banaszak
- Department of Pediatric Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Edyta Mądry
- Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wykrętowicz
- Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Patrycja Krzyżanowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Nowicka
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pogorzelski
- Department of Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Rabka, Poland
| | - Ewa Sapiejka
- Outpatient Clinic for CF Patients, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Skorupa
- Department of Lung Diseases, National Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szczepanik
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Lisowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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21
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Circulating soluble P-selectin must dimerize to promote inflammation and coagulation in mice. Blood 2017; 130:181-191. [PMID: 28515093 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-02-770479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion to P-selectin on activated platelets and endothelial cells induces shedding of the P-selectin ectodomain into the circulation. Plasma soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) is elevated threefold to fourfold in patients with cardiovascular disease. Circulating sP-selectin is thought to trigger signaling in leukocytes that directly contributes to inflammation and thrombosis. However, sP-selectin likely circulates as a monomer, and in vitro studies suggest that sP-selectin must dimerize to induce signaling in leukocytes. To address this discrepancy, we expressed the entire ectodomain of mouse P-selectin as a monomer (sP-selectin) or as a disulfide-linked dimer fused to the Fc portion of mouse immunoglobulin G (sP-selectin-Fc). Dimeric sP-selectin-Fc, but not monomeric sP-selectin, triggered integrin-dependent adhesion of mouse leukocytes in vitro. Antibody-induced oligomerization of sP-selectin or sP-selectin-Fc was required to trigger formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Injecting sP-selectin-Fc, but not sP-selectin, into mice augmented integrin-dependent adhesion of neutrophils in venules, generated tissue factor-bearing microparticles, shortened plasma-clotting times, and increased thrombus frequency in the inferior vena cava. Furthermore, transgenic mice that overexpressed monomeric sP-selectin did not exhibit increased inflammation or thrombosis. We conclude that elevated plasma sP-selectin is a consequence rather than a cause of cardiovascular disease.
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Zuchtriegel G, Uhl B, Puhr-Westerheide D, Pörnbacher M, Lauber K, Krombach F, Reichel CA. Platelets Guide Leukocytes to Their Sites of Extravasation. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002459. [PMID: 27152726 PMCID: PMC4859536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective immune responses require the directed migration of leukocytes from the vasculature to the site of injury or infection. How immune cells “find” their site of extravasation remains largely obscure. Here, we identified a previously unrecognized role of platelets as pathfinders guiding leukocytes to their exit points in the microvasculature: upon onset of inflammation, circulating platelets were found to immediately adhere at distinct sites in venular microvessels enabling these cellular blood components to capture neutrophils and, in turn, inflammatory monocytes via CD40-CD40L-dependent interactions. In this cellular crosstalk, ligation of PSGL-1 by P-selectin leads to ERK1/2 MAPK-dependent conformational changes of leukocyte integrins, which promote the successive extravasation of neutrophils and monocytes to the perivascular tissue. Conversely, blockade of this cellular partnership resulted in misguided, inefficient leukocyte responses. Our experimental data uncover a platelet-directed, spatiotemporally organized, multicellular crosstalk that is essential for effective trafficking of leukocytes to the site of inflammation. This study identifies a previously unanticipated role for platelets as pathfinders, guiding leukocytes to the sites at which they can exit the microvasculature; this process appears to be critical for an effective immune response. White blood cells (leukocytes) are the effector cells of the immune system. The movement (extravasation) of leukocytes from the bloodstream to the surrounding tissue is a prerequisite for proper host defense. Platelets are anucleate cell particles that circulate in the blood and play a fundamental role in hemostasis. Here, we report a previously unrecognized function of platelets as "pathfinders" guiding leukocytes to their site of extravasation. Upon onset of the inflammatory response, platelets were found to immediately adhere to specific sites in the smallest venular microvessels. At these "hot spots", platelets capture intravascularly crawling neutrophils and, in turn, inflammatory monocytes. The cellular crosstalk arising from these interactions leads to conformational changes of distinct adhesion molecules on the surface of leukocytes, subsequently promoting the extravasation of these immune cells to the inflamed tissue. Conversely, blockade of this cellular partnership leads to misguided and inefficient leukocyte responses. Thus, platelet-directed guidance of leukocytes to confined sites of extravasation appears to be a critical step in the recruitment process of immune cells, which might emerge as a promising therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Zuchtriegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Uhl
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Puhr-Westerheide
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Pörnbacher
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fritz Krombach
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Andreas Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Murphy AJ, Tall AR. Disordered haematopoiesis and athero-thrombosis. Eur Heart J 2016; 37:1113-21. [PMID: 26869607 PMCID: PMC4823636 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, is characterized by a lipid-driven infiltration of inflammatory cells in large and medium arteries. Increased production and activation of monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets, driven by hypercholesterolaemia and defective high-density lipoproteins-mediated cholesterol efflux, tissue necrosis and cytokine production after myocardial infarction, or metabolic abnormalities associated with diabetes, contribute to atherogenesis and athero-thrombosis. This suggests that in addition to traditional approaches of low-density lipoproteins lowering and anti-platelet drugs, therapies directed at abnormal haematopoiesis, including anti-inflammatory agents, drugs that suppress myelopoiesis, and excessive platelet production, rHDL infusions and anti-obesity and anti-diabetic agents, may help to prevent athero-thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3165, Australia
| | - Alan R Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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24
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Sampson AK, Irvine JC, Shihata WA, Dragoljevic D, Lumsden N, Huet O, Barnes T, Unger T, Steckelings UM, Jennings GL, Widdop RE, Chin-Dusting JPF. Compound 21, a selective agonist of angiotensin AT2 receptors, prevents endothelial inflammation and leukocyte adhesion in vitro and in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:729-40. [PMID: 25560767 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiotensin AT2 receptors are upregulated in disease states such as atherosclerosis and blockade of the AT2 receptors exacerbates plaque formation. Direct stimulation of these receptors is anti-atherogenic but the mechanisms and pathways involved remain unknown. We examined the effect of direct AT2 receptor stimulation with Compound 21 (C21) on the leukocyte adhesion cascade in vitro, right through to plaque formation in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of C21 on TNFα-induced inflammation were assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), activation of monocytes, polarisation of monocyte-derived macrophages and in intact mouse aortae. KEY RESULTS C21 attenuated TNFα-induced: monocyte adhesion to cultured HUVECs, adhesion molecule expression and abolished TNFα-induced ROS production. TNFα-induced NFκB translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, essential for cytokine production, was prevented by C21. C21 did not influence monocyte activation or macrophage polarisation but did reduce TNFα and IL-6 mRNA expression in M1 macrophages. The anti-inflammatory effects of C21 were abolished by an AT2 receptor antagonist confirming that the effects of C21 were AT2 receptor-mediated. Also, leukocyte adhesion and cytokine gene expression, induced by high-fat diet (HFD), was attenuated in ApoE(-/-) mice treated with C21. Plaque size and stability were improved with C21 treatment with increased smooth muscle cell composition and decreased lipid size, compared with HFD-saline treated mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS C21 prevented TNFα-induced and HFD-induced vascular inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Our data provide strong evidence that the anti-atherosclerotic actions of C21 were due to vascular anti-inflammatory effects, mediated by AT2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Sampson
- Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jennifer C Irvine
- Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Waled A Shihata
- Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Dragana Dragoljevic
- Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Natalie Lumsden
- Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Olivier Huet
- Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Tyrone Barnes
- Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Thomas Unger
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrike M Steckelings
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Garry L Jennings
- Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jaye P F Chin-Dusting
- Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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25
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Pan G, Xie ZF, Zhang Y, Long SC, Xu XP, Zhang ZW. Platelet Activation Through the Efficacy of Aspirin in Congenital Heart Disease Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects or Ventricular Septal Defects. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:832-8. [PMID: 25330142 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Feng Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Chun Long
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Ping Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Woollard KJ, Lumsden NG, Andrews KL, Aprico A, Harris E, Irvine JC, Jefferis AM, Fang L, Kanellakis P, Bobik A, Chin-Dusting JPF. Raised soluble P-selectin moderately accelerates atherosclerotic plaque progression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97422. [PMID: 24846287 PMCID: PMC4028245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), a biomarker of inflammatory related pathologies including cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases, also has pro-atherosclerotic effects including the ability to increase leukocyte recruitment and modulate thrombotic responses in vivo. The current study explores its role in progressing atherosclerotic plaque disease. Apoe−/− mice placed on a high fat diet (HFD) were given daily injections of recombinant dimeric murine P-selectin (22.5 µg/kg/day) for 8 or 16 weeks. Saline or sE-selectin injections were used as negative controls. In order to assess the role of sP-selectin on atherothrombosis an experimental plaque remodelling murine model, with sm22α-hDTR Apoe−/− mice on a HFD in conjunction with delivery of diphtheria toxin to induce targeted vascular smooth muscle apoptosis, was used. These mice were similarly given daily injections of sP-selectin for 8 or 16 weeks. While plaque mass and aortic lipid content did not change with sP-selectin treatment in Apoe−/− or SM22α-hDTR Apoe−/− mice on HFD, increased plasma MCP-1 and a higher plaque CD45 content in Apoe−/− HFD mice was observed. As well, a significant shift towards a more unstable plaque phenotype in the SM22α-hDTR Apoe−/− HFD mice, with increased macrophage accumulation and lower collagen content, leading to a lower plaque stability index, was observed. These results demonstrate that chronically raised sP-selectin favours progression of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Woollard
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Karen L. Andrews
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Aprico
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Harris
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Lu Fang
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Suto B, Szitter I, Bagoly T, Pinter E, Szolcsányi J, Loibl C, Nemeth T, Tanczos K, Molnar T, Leiner T, Varnai B, Bardonicsek Z, Helyes Z. Plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity increases in the plasma of septic patients and rats with systemic inflammatory reaction: experimental evidence for its sensory origin and protective role. Peptides 2014; 54:49-57. [PMID: 24457113 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SST-LI) in the plasma of 11 systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) patients were investigated in correlation with cytokines, adhesion molecules and coagulation markers repeatedly during 4 days. The origin and role of SST were studied in the cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) rat SIRS model. Capsaicin-sensitive peptidergic sensory nerves were defunctionalized by resiniferatoxin (RTX) pretreatment 2 weeks earlier, in a separate group animals were treated with the somatostatin receptor antagonist cyclo-somatostatin (C-SOM). Plasma SST-LI significantly elevated in septic patients compared to healthy volunteers during the whole 4-day period. Significantly decreased Horowitz score showed severe lung injury, increased plasma C-reactive protein and procalcitonin confirmed SIRS. Soluble P-selectin, tissue plasminogen activator and the interleukin 8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 significantly increased, interleukin 6 and soluble CD40 ligand did not change, and soluble Vascular Adhesion Molecule-1 decreased. SST-LI significantly increased in rats both in the plasma and the lung 6h after CLP compared to sham-operation. After RTX pretreatment SST-LI was not altered in intact animals, but the SIRS-induced elevation was absent. Lung MPO activity significantly increased 6h following CLP compared to sham operation, which was significantly higher both after RTX-desensitization and C-SOM-treatment. Most non-pretreated operated rats survived the 6h, but 60% of the RTX-pretreated ones died showing a significantly worse survival. This is the first comprehensive study in humans and animal experiments providing evidence that SST is released from the activated peptidergic sensory nerves. It gets into the bloodstream and mediates a potent endogenous protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Suto
- Department of Accident and Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Istvan Szitter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Terez Bagoly
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pinter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi Gy. u. 10., H-7629 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Janos Szolcsányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi Gy. u. 10., H-7629 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Loibl
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Timea Nemeth
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Tanczos
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tihamer Molnar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamas Leiner
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bianka Varnai
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Bardonicsek
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2., H-7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi Gy. u. 10., H-7629 Pécs, Hungary.
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Prasad RM, Jin X, Aboualaiwi WA, Nauli SM. Real-time vascular mechanosensation through ex vivo artery perfusion. Biol Proced Online 2014; 16:6. [PMID: 24685068 PMCID: PMC4392510 DOI: 10.1186/1480-9222-16-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-based perfusion studies have provided great insight into fluid-sensing mechanisms, such as primary cilia in the renal and vascular systems. However, the intrinsic limitations of in vitro cell culture, such as the inability to reflect cellular organization within tissues, has distanced observed paradigms from possible clinical developments. Here we describe a protocol that applies ex vivo artery perfusion and calcium imaging to observe real-time cellular responses to fluid-shear stress. Results Through our ex vivo artery perfusion method, we were able to simulate physiological flow and initiate distinct fluid shear stress mechanosensory responses, as well as induced acetylcholine responses in mouse aortic tissue. The observed calcium profiles confirm results found through previous in vitro cell culture experiments. The overall procedure, including dissection, sample preparation and perfusion, takes around 3 hours to complete. Conclusion Through our unique method, we are able to induce laminar flow within intact mouse aortic tissue and illicit subsequent cellular responses. This method of ex vivo artery perfusion provides the opportunity to bridge the novel findings of in vitro studies with subsequent physiological models of fluid-shear stress mechanosensation in vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Surya M Nauli
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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29
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Ipp H, Zemlin AE, Erasmus RT, Glashoff RH. Role of inflammation in HIV-1 disease progression and prognosis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 51:98-111. [PMID: 24479745 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2013.865702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and immune activation have been thrust to center stage in the understanding of HIV-1 disease pathogenesis and progression. Early work demonstrated that heightened levels of immune activation correlated with the extent of CD4 + T cell death in lymphoid tissue; however, this concept was not incorporated into the general view of disease pathogenesis. Since these early studies, the extension of life for patients on combination antiretroviral therapies (cART) has heralded a new era of non-AIDS-related diseases and incomplete restoration of immune function. The common link appears to be ongoing inflammation and immune activation. Thus, despite good control of viral loads, persons living with HIV (PLWH) remain at increased risk of inflammatory-associated complications such as cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. HIV-specific mechanisms as well as non-specific generalized responses to infection contribute to ongoing activation of the immune system. An early loss of gastrointestinal (GI) tract mucosal integrity, the pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, co-infections and marked destruction of lymph node architecture are all factors contributing to the ongoing activation of the immune system as well as impaired immune recovery. It is becoming increasingly evident that the CD4 count and viral load do not provide a complete picture of the underlying state of the immune system. Heightened levels of inflammatory markers have been shown to predict increased mortality and other adverse events. Therefore, it will be important to incorporate these markers into management algorithms as soon as possible. This is particularly relevant in resource-poor countries where difficulties in cART roll-out and access are still encountered and, therefore, a mechanism for prioritizing individuals for therapy would be of value. This review will focus on the closely inter-related concepts of immune activation and inflammation. Both are broad concepts involving the interaction of various key players in the immune system. Importantly, immune activation promotes inflammation and thrombosis and similarly, inflammation and thrombosis induce immune activation. These concepts are thus intricately linked. Studies highlighting the potentially harmful effects of ongoing inflammation/immune activation are reviewed and the contributions of the GI tract "damage" and other co-infections such as CMV are explored. The complications resulting from persistent immune activation include enhanced CD4 + T cell death, lymphoid tissue destruction, and various pathologies related to chronic inflammation. Ultimately, we envision that the long-term management of the disease will incorporate both the identification and the amelioration of the potentially harmful effects of ongoing immune activation and inflammation.
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Shantsila E, Montoro-Garcia S, Lip GYH. Monocytes circulate in constant reversible interaction with platelets in a [Ca2+]-dependent manner. Platelets 2013; 25:197-201. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2013.784248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in several countries. The underlying process is atherosclerosis, a slowly progressing chronic disorder that can lead to intravascular thrombosis. There is overwhelming evidence for the underlying importance of our immune system in atherosclerosis. Monocytes, which comprise part of the innate immune system, can be recruited to inflamed endothelium and this recruitment has been shown to be proportional to the extent of atherosclerotic disease. Monocytes undergo migration into the vasculature, they differentiate into macrophage phenotypes, which are highly phagocytic and can scavenge modified lipids, leading to foam cell formation and development of the lipid-rich atheroma core. This increased influx leads to a highly inflammatory environment and along with other immune cells can increase the risk in the development of the unstable atherosclerotic plaque phenotype. The present review provides an overview and description of the immunological aspect of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets in atherosclerosis, by defining their interaction with the vascular environment, modified lipids and other cellular exchanges. There is a particular focus on monocytes and macrophages, but shorter descriptions of dendritic cells, lymphocyte populations, neutrophils, mast cells and platelets are also included.
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Carbone F, Nencioni A, Mach F, Vuilleumier N, Montecucco F. Pathophysiological role of neutrophils in acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:501-14. [PMID: 23740239 DOI: 10.1160/th13-03-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction is known to be mediated by systemic, intraplaque and myocardial inflammatory processes. Among different immune cell subsets, compelling evidence now indicates a pivotal role for neutrophils in acute coronary syndromes. Neutrophils infiltrate coronary plaques and the infarcted myocardium and mediate tissue damage by releasing matrix-degrading enzymes and reactive oxygen species. In addition, neutrophils are also involved in post-infarction adverse cardiac remodelling and neointima formation after angioplasty. The promising results obtained in preclinical modelswith pharmacological approaches interfering with neutrophil recruitment or function have confirmed the pathophysiological relevance of these immune cells in acute coronary syndromes and prompted further studies of these therapeutic interventions. This narrative review will provide an update on the role of neutrophils in acute myocardial infarction and on the pharmacological means that were devised to prevent neutrophil-mediated tissue damage and to reduce post-ischaemic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Carbone
- Fabrizio Montecucco, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Foundation for Medical Researches, 64 Avenue Roseraie, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland, Tel.: +41 223827238, Fax: +41 223827245, E-mail:
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33
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Gray SP, Di Marco E, Okabe J, Szyndralewiez C, Heitz F, Montezano AC, de Haan JB, Koulis C, El-Osta A, Andrews KL, Chin-Dusting JPF, Touyz RM, Wingler K, Cooper ME, Schmidt HHHW, Jandeleit-Dahm KA. NADPH Oxidase 1 Plays a Key Role in Diabetes Mellitus–Accelerated Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2013; 127:1888-902. [PMID: 23564668 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.132159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Gray
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
| | - Elyse Di Marco
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
| | - Jun Okabe
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
| | - Cedric Szyndralewiez
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
| | - Freddy Heitz
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
| | - Augusto C. Montezano
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
| | - Judy B. de Haan
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
| | - Christine Koulis
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
| | - Assam El-Osta
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
| | - Karen L. Andrews
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
| | - Jaye P. F. Chin-Dusting
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
| | - Kirstin Wingler
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
| | - Mark E. Cooper
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
| | - Harald H. H. W. Schmidt
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
| | - Karin A Jandeleit-Dahm
- From the Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.P.G., E.D.M., J.B.d.H., C.K., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); the Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash, Australia (E.D.M., M.E.C., K.A.J.-D.); Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., A.E.-O.); GenKyoTex SA, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S., F.H.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (A.C.M., R.M.T.); Institute of
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England RN, Preston KJ, Scalia R, Autieri MV. Interleukin-19 decreases leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions by reduction in endothelial cell adhesion molecule mRNA stability. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 305:C255-65. [PMID: 23596173 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00069.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell (EC) inflammation is a key event in the pathogenesis of multiple vascular diseases. We tested the hypothesis that interleukin-19 (IL-19), an anti-inflammatory Th2 interleukin, could have a direct anti-inflammatory effect on ECs to decrease inflammation. IL-19 can significantly decrease tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-driven intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 mRNA and protein abundance in cultured human coronary artery ECs (P < 0.01). IL-19 treatment of ECs, but not monocytes, significantly reduced monocyte adhesion to EC monolayers (P < 0.01). In vivo, systemic administration of IL-19 could significantly reduce TNF-α-induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion in wild-type mice as assayed by intravital microscopy (P < 0.05). IL-19 does not reduce TNF-α-stimulated NF-κB activation in ECs but does decrease serine phosphorylation and cytoplasmic translocation of the mRNA stability factor HuR and significantly reduces stability of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA (P < 0.01). These data are the first to report that IL-19 can reduce leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and the first to propose reduction in HuR-mediated mRNA stability of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 as a mechanism. Expression of IL-19 by ECs may represent a protective mechanism to promote resolution of the vascular response to inflammation. Function of IL-19 outside of the immune system is a novel concept, suggesting that resident vascular cells can adopt a Th2 phenotype, and has important ramifications for numerous inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross N England
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ipp H, Zemlin A. The paradox of the immune response in HIV infection: when inflammation becomes harmful. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 416:96-9. [PMID: 23228847 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
HIV-infection is associated with ongoing activation of the immune system and persistent inflammation. These are key driving forces in the loss of CD4+ T cells, progression to AIDS and development of non-HIV-related complications such as cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. Diseases associated with accelerated aging are increasing in incidence despite good anti-retroviral therapy (ART). The common underlying mechanism appears to be chronic inflammation. HIV-specific mechanisms as well as non-specific generalized responses to infection contribute to the chronic and aberrant activation of the immune system. An early loss of gut mucosal integrity, the pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, co-infections and later, marked destruction of lymph node architecture are all factors contributing to the ongoing activation of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. These factors paradoxically promote CD4+ T cell loss, both by providing additional substrate for viral infection in the form of activated CD4+ T cells, as well as by priming non-infected 'bystander' CD4+ T cells for death by apoptosis. However, the relative contributions of each of these mechanisms to ongoing immune activation remain to be determined. Cost-effective markers of inflammation and selective anti-inflammatory agents are important fields of current and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Ipp
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Abstract
Despite advances in prevention and treatment, atherosclerotic vascular disease continues to account for significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden in the western world. Our current understanding of this disease presents atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory process involving multiple cell types in various stages of activation, apoptosis, and necrosis. These cells include monocyte/macrophage, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Activation of these cells and their processes is initiated and sustained by a complex network of soluble factors termed cytokines. Cytokines are produced and recognized by both inflammatory and resident vascular cells, allowing crosstalk between these two systems. Cytokines also regulate the phenotype of many of these cell types. Recognizing functions of these cytokines and their effects on cells which populate atherosclerotic plaque is key to uncovering targets of therapeutic intervention. This paper will present recent studies which describe the cellular protagonists of atherosclerosis and the role they play in formation of atherosclerotic plaque. It will also describe the cytokines which have been identified as produced by and directly affecting dysfunction of these cells. Because atherosclerosis is considered an inflammatory condition, emphasis will be placed on inflammatory cytokines and their effects on atherogenesis. We will conclude with new directions in therapeutic strategies and points of emphasis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V. Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Room 1050, MERB, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Jenssen EK, Brosstad F, Pedersen T, Bjørnsen S, Jørgensen JJ, Sandbæk G. Thrombin generation and platelet activation related to subintimal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2011; 72:23-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2011.616220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Michell DL, Andrews KL, Woollard KJ, Chin-Dusting JPF. Imaging leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium at high intraluminal pressure. J Vis Exp 2011:3221. [PMID: 21876531 PMCID: PMC3217645 DOI: 10.3791/3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, hypertension is reported to be in approximately a quarter of the population and is the leading biomedical risk factor for mortality worldwide. In the vasculature hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased inflammation leading to atherosclerosis and various disease states such as chronic kidney disease2, stroke3 and heart failure4. An initial step in vascular inflammation leading to atherogenesis is the adhesion cascade which involves the rolling, tethering, adherence and subsequent transmigration of leukocytes through the endothelium. Recruitment and accumulation of leukocytes to the endothelium is mediated by an upregulation of adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin as well as increases in cytokine and chemokine release and an upregulation of reactive oxygen species5. In vitro methods such as static adhesion assays help to determine mechanisms involved in cell-to-cell adhesion as well as the analysis of cell adhesion molecules. Methods employed in previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that acute increases in pressure on the endothelium can lead to monocyte adhesion, an upregulation of adhesion molecules and inflammatory markers6 however, similar to many in vitro assays, these findings have not been performed in real time under physiological flow conditions, nor with whole blood. Therefore, in vivo assays are increasingly utilised in animal models to demonstrate vascular inflammation and plaque development. Intravital microscopy is now widely used to assess leukocyte adhesion, rolling, migration and transmigration7-9. When combining the effects of pressure on leukocyte to endothelial adhesion the in vivo studies are less extensive. One such study examines the real time effects of flow and shear on arterial growth and remodelling but inflammatory markers were only assessed via immunohistochemistry10. Here we present a model for recording leukocyte adhesion in real time in intact pressurised blood vessels using whole blood perfusion. The methodology is a modification of an ex vivo vessel chamber perfusion model9 which enables real-time analysis of leukocyte -endothelial adhesive interactions in intact vessels. Our modification enables the manipulation of the intraluminal pressure up to 200 mmHg allowing for study not only under physiological flow conditions but also pressure conditions. While pressure myography systems have been previously demonstrated to observe vessel wall and lumen diameter11 as well as vessel contraction this is the first time demonstrating leukocyte-endothelial interactions in real time. Here we demonstrate the technique using carotid arteries harvested from rats and cannulated to a custom-made flow chamber coupled to a fluorescent microscope. The vessel chamber is equipped with a large bottom coverglass allowing a large diameter objective lens with short working distance to image the vessel. Furthermore, selected agonist and/or antagonists can be utilized to further investigate the mechanisms controlling cell adhesion. Advantages of this method over intravital microscopy include no involvement of invasive surgery and therefore a higher throughput can be obtained. This method also enables the use of localised inhibitor treatment to the desired vessel whereas intravital only enables systemic inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Michell
- Vascular Pharmacology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Monash University
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Murphy AJ, Westerterp M, Yvan-Charvet L, Tall AR. Anti-atherogenic mechanisms of high density lipoprotein: effects on myeloid cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:513-21. [PMID: 21864714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In some settings increasing high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels has been associated with a reduction in experimental atherosclerosis. This has been most clearly seen in apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) transgenic mice or in animals infused with HDL or its apolipoproteins. A major mechanism by which these treatments are thought to delay progression or cause regression of atherosclerosis is by promoting efflux of cholesterol from macrophage foam cells. In addition, HDL has been described as having anti-inflammatory and other beneficial effects. Some recent research has linked anti-inflammatory effects to cholesterol efflux pathways but likely multiple mechanisms are involved. Macrophage cholesterol efflux may have a role in facilitating emigration of macrophages from lesions during regression. While macrophages can mediate cholesterol efflux by several pathways, studies in knockout mice or cells point to the importance of active efflux mediated by ATP binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 and G1. In addition to traditional roles in macrophages, these transporters have been implicated in the control of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, monocytosis and neutrophilia, as well as activation of monocytes and neutrophils. Thus, HDL and cholesterol efflux pathways may have important anti-atherogenic effects at all stages of the myeloid cell/monocyte/dendritic cell/macrophage lifecycle. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in High Density Lipoprotein Formation and Metabolism: A Tribute to John F. Oram (1945-2010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Murphy
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Spinella PC, Sparrow RL, Hess JR, Norris PJ. Properties of stored red blood cells: understanding immune and vascular reactivity. Transfusion 2011; 51:894-900. [PMID: 21496052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Spinella
- Blood Systems Research Institute and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Murphy AJ, Woollard KJ, Suhartoyo A, Stirzaker RA, Shaw J, Sviridov D, Chin-Dusting JPF. Neutrophil activation is attenuated by high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A-I in in vitro and in vivo models of inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1333-41. [PMID: 21474825 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.226258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neutrophils play a key role in the immune response but can undesirably exacerbate inflammation. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are antiinflammatory particles, exerting beneficial cardiovascular influences. We determined whether HDL exerts antiinflammatory effects on neutrophils and explored the mechanisms by which these occur. METHODS AND RESULTS CD11b on activated human neutrophils was significantly attenuated by apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and HDL. The effects of apoA-I were mediated via ABCA1, whereas the effects of HDL were via scavenger receptor BI. Both were associated with a reduction in the abundance of lipid rafts, and a strong correlation between raft abundance and CD11b activation was observed. ApoA-I and HDL reduced neutrophil adhesion to a platelet monolayer under shear flow, as well as neutrophil spreading and migration. ApoA-I also inhibited leukocyte recruitment to the endothelium in an acute in vivo model of inflammation. Finally, infusion of reconstituted HDL in patients with peripheral vascular disease was demonstrated to significantly attenuate neutrophil activation. CONCLUSION We describe here a novel role for HDL and apoA-I in regulating neutrophil activation using in vitro, in vivo, and clinical approaches. We also show that these effects of HDL and apoA-I involve a mechanism requiring changes in membrane domain content rather than in cholesterol efflux per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Murphy
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Ibebuogu UN, Gladysheva IP, Houng AK, Reed GL. Decompensated heart failure is associated with reduced corin levels and decreased cleavage of pro-atrial natriuretic peptide. Circ Heart Fail 2011; 4:114-20. [PMID: 21216831 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.109.895581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By promoting salt and water excretion, the corin and the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) system should help to maintain fluid balance in heart failure. Yet, the development of fluid retention despite high levels of ANP-related peptides suggests that this compensatory system is limited. METHODS AND RESULTS Levels of circulating corin (the pro-ANP-converting enzyme) and pro-ANP were measured in hospitalized patients with heart failure, using novel immunoassays. Patients (n=14) had severe heart failure (New York Heart Association class III-IV) with a median ejection fraction of 18% and median brain natriuretic peptide levels of 1940 pg/mL. In heart failure, median plasma corin levels were 7.6-fold lower than measured in plasma from 16 normal control subjects (180 versus 1368 pg/mL, P<0.01). In contrast, in patients with heart failure, levels of plasma N-terminal ANP peptides (N-ANP and pro-ANP) levels were markedly elevated (42.0 versus 7.5 ng/mL, P<0.01). Levels of uncleaved pro-ANP, measured by novel immunoassays, were significantly higher in patients with heart failure (P<0.01), suggesting that corin cleavage of pro-ANP was impaired. Median plasma levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate were elevated in patients with heart failure (150.0 versus 7.6 pmol/mL, P<0.01), and plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels positively correlated with the fractional amount of cleaved pro-ANP (r(s)=0.59, P<0.03) but not with levels of uncleaved pro-ANP, implying that the cellular response to ANP remained intact. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that there may be patients for whom low corin levels and impaired pro-ANP cleavage contribute to acute decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzoma N Ibebuogu
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
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Abacavir and didanosine induce the interaction between human leukocytes and endothelial cells through Mac-1 upregulation. AIDS 2010; 24:1259-66. [PMID: 20453628 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32833a2b02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abacavir and didanosine are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) widely used in therapy for HIV-infection but which have been linked to cardiovascular complications. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of clinically relevant doses of abacavir and didanosine on human leukocyte-endothelium interactions and to compare them with those of other NRTIs. DESIGN AND METHODS The interactions between human leukocytes - specifically peripheral blood polymorphonuclear (PMN) or mononuclear (PBMC) cells - and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were evaluated in a flow chamber system that reproduces conditions in vivo. The expression of adhesion molecules was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Abacavir induced a dose-dependent increase in PMN and PBMC rolling and adhesion. This was reproduced by didanosine but not by lamivudine or zidovudine. Both abacavir and didanosine increased Mac-1 expression in neutrophils and monocytes, but produced no effects on either lymphocytes or the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules. The PMN/PBMC rolling and adhesion induced by abacavir or didanosine did not occur when antibodies against Mac-1 or its ligand ICAM-1 were blocked. CONCLUSION Abacavir induces significant human leukocyte accumulation through the activation of Mac-1, which in turn interacts with its endothelial ligand ICAM-1. The fact that didanosine exhibits similar effects and that lamivudine and zidovudine do not points to a relationship between the chemical structure of NRTIs and the induction of leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions. This mechanism may be especially relevant to the progression of the vascular damage associated with atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in abacavir and didanosine-treated patients.
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation drives atherosclerosis, the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Over the past two decades, data have emerged showing that immune cells are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaques. The accumulation and continued recruitment of leukocytes are associated with the development of 'vulnerable' plaques. These plaques are prone to rupture, leading to thrombosis, myocardial infarction or stroke, all of which are frequent causes of death. Plaque macrophages account for the majority of leukocytes in plaques, and are believed to differentiate from monocytes recruited from circulating blood. However, monocytes represent a heterogenous circulating population of cells. Experiments are needed to address whether monocyte recruitment to plaques and effector functions, such as the formation of foam cells, the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, and proteolysis are critical for the development and rupture of plaques, and thus for the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, as well as elucidate the precise mechanisms involved.
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Murphy AJ, Woollard KJ. High-density lipoprotein: A potent inhibitor of inflammation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 37:710-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Packard RRS, Lichtman AH, Libby P. Innate and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis. Semin Immunopathol 2009; 31:5-22. [PMID: 19449008 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-009-0153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disorder, involves both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response that mediate the initiation, progression, and ultimate thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis. Most fatal thromboses, which may manifest as acute myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke, result from frank rupture or superficial erosion of the fibrous cap overlying the atheroma, processes that occur in inflammatorily active, rupture-prone plaques. Appreciation of the inflammatory character of atherosclerosis has led to the application of C-reactive protein as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk and the characterization of the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions of the statin class of drugs. An improved understanding of the pathobiology of atherosclerosis and further studies of its immune mechanisms provide avenues for the development of future strategies directed toward better risk stratification of patients as well as the identification of novel anti-inflammatory therapies. This review retraces leukocyte subsets involved in innate and adaptive immunity and their contributions to atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- René R S Packard
- Leducq Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB 7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Elevated levels of soluble P-selectin in mice alter blood-brain barrier function, exacerbate stroke, and promote atherosclerosis. Blood 2009; 113:6015-22. [PMID: 19349621 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-10-186650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) is a biomarker for platelet/endothelial activation and is considered a risk factor for vascular disease. sP-selectin enhances procoagulant activity by inducing leukocyte-derived microparticle production and promotes activation of leukocyte integrins. However, it is not known whether it directly contributes to vascular complications. We investigated the effect of increased levels of sP-selectin on blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, stroke outcome, and atherosclerosis by comparing wild-type mice with P-sel(DeltaCT/DeltaCT) mice in which the endogenous P-selectin gene was replaced with a mutant that produces abnormally high plasma levels of sP-selectin. P-sel(DeltaCT/DeltaCT) mice presented several abnormalities, including (1) higher BBB permeability, with 25% of the animals showing differential permeability between the right and left hemispheres; (2) altered social behavior with increased aggression; (3) larger infarcts in the middle cerebral artery occlusion ischemic stroke model; and (4) increased susceptibility to atherosclerotic, macrophage-rich lesion development in both male and female mice on the apoE(-/-) genetic background. Thus, elevated sP-selectin is not only a biomarker for vascular disease, but also may contribute directly to atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular complications.
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Woollard KJ, Sturgeon S, Chin-Dusting JPF, Salem HH, Jackson SP. Erythrocyte hemolysis and hemoglobin oxidation promote ferric chloride-induced vascular injury. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:13110-8. [PMID: 19276082 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m809095200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of redox-active iron and heme into the blood-stream is toxic to the vasculature, contributing to the development of vascular diseases. How iron induces endothelial injury remains ill defined. To investigate this, we developed a novel ex vivo perfusion chamber that enables direct analysis of the effects of FeCl(3) on the vasculature. We demonstrate that FeCl(3) treatment of isolated mouse aorta, perfused with whole blood, was associated with endothelial denudation, collagen exposure, and occlusive thrombus formation. Strikingly exposing vessels to FeCl(3) alone, in the absence of perfused blood, was associated with only minor vascular injury. Whole blood fractionation studies revealed that FeCl(3)-induced vascular injury was red blood cell (erythrocyte)-dependent, requiring erythrocyte hemolysis and hemoglobin oxidation for endothelial denudation. Overall these studies define a unique mechanism of Fe(3+)-induced vascular injury that has implications for the understanding of FeCl(3)-dependent models of thrombosis and vascular dysfunction associated with severe intravascular hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Woollard
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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