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Gao Y, Zhao P, Wang C, Fang K, Pan Y, Zhang Y, Miao Z, Wang M, Wei M, Zou W, Liu M, Peng K. Buqi Huoxue Tongnao prescription protects against chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via regulating PI3K/AKT and LXRα/CYP7A1 signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155844. [PMID: 38959552 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) has been confirmed as one of the pathogenesis underlying vascular cognitive impairment. A series of pathological changes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, are involved in this pathophysiology and contribute to cognitive impairment and neuropathological alterations. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of Buqi Huoxue Tongnao (BQHXTN) prescription possesses a remarkable clinical efficacy for treating patients with CCH, but still lacks a scientific foundation for its pharmacological mechanisms. PURPOSE To investigate the role and underlying mechanism of the effects of BQHXTN on CCH both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS In this study, we established a two-vessel occlusion (2-VO) induced CCH model in Sprague-Dawley rats, an oxygen-glucose deprivation model in BV2 cells, and a steatosis cell model in L02 cells to reveal the underlying mechanisms of BQHXTN by behavioral test, histopathological analysis and the detection of pro-inflammatory cytokine, apoptotic factors and reactive oxide species. Donepezil hydrochloride and Buyang Huanwu decoction were used as positive drugs. RESULTS Compared with the 2-VO group, BQHXTN treatment at three doses significantly enhanced the memory and learning abilities in the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. The hematoxylin-eosin staining indicated that BQHXTN protected against hippocampal injury induced by CCH. Of note, in both in vivo and in vitro experiments, BQHXTN prominently inhibited the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, cleaved-caspase 3, and iNOS by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway, consequently exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects. Moreover, it provided the first initial evidence that BQHXTN treatment mitigated dyslipidemia by increasing the LXRα/CYP7A1 expression, thereby delaying the neuropathological process. CONCLUSION In summary, these findings firstly revealed the pharmacodynamics and mechanism of BQHXTN, that is, BQHXTN could alleviate cognitive impairment, neuropathological alterations and dyslipidemia in CCH rats by activating PI3K/AKT and LXRα/CYP7A1 signaling pathways, as well as providing a TCM treatment strategy for CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhuang Gao
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Southern Medicine University, Guangzhou 510315, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Southern Medicine University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Southern Medicine University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Keren Fang
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Southern Medicine University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Yueqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhishuo Miao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Meirong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Minlong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Changsha Research and Development Center on Obstetric and Gynecologic Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Southern Medicine University, Guangzhou 510315, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Kang Peng
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peng Kang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio, Southern Medicine University, Guangzhou 510315, China.
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Bian EJ, Chen CW, Cheng CM, Kuan CY, Sun YY. Impaired post-stroke collateral circulation in sickle cell anemia mice. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1215876. [PMID: 37822524 PMCID: PMC10562566 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1215876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) have a high incidence of ischemic stroke, but are usually excluded from thrombolytic therapy due to concerns for cerebral hemorrhage. Maladaptation to cerebral ischemia may also contribute to the stroke propensity in SCA. Here we compared post-stroke cortical collateral circulation in transgenic sickle (SS) mice, bone marrow grafting-derived SS-chimera, and wildtype (AA) controls, because collateral circulation is a critical factor for cell survival within the ischemic penumbra. Further, it has been shown that SS mice develop poorer neo-collateral perfusion after limb ischemia. We used the middle cerebral artery (MCA)-targeted photothrombosis model in this study, since it is better tolerated by SS mice and creates a clear infarct core versus peri-infarct area. Compared to AA mice, SS mice showed enlarged infarction and lesser endothelial proliferation after photothrombosis. SS-chimera showed anemia, hypoxia-induced erythrocyte sickling, and attenuated recovery of blood flow in the ipsilateral cortex after photothrombosis. In AA chimera, cerebral blood flow in the border area between MCA and the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) trees improved from 44% of contralateral level after stroke to 78% at 7 d recovery. In contrast, blood flow in the MCA-ACA and MCA-PCA border areas only increased from 35 to 43% at 7 d post-stroke in SS chimera. These findings suggest deficits of post-stroke collateral circulation in SCA. Better understanding of the underpinnings may suggest novel stroke therapies for SCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Bian
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chih-Mei Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Kuan
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Yu-Yo Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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3
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Chigogidze M, Mantskava M, Sanikidze T, Pagava Z, Urdulashvili T, Tsimakuridze M, Momtselidze N, Sharashidze N. Study of blood rheological parameters and NO in coronary artery disease patients with and without collaterals. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2023; 84:193-203. [PMID: 37066905 DOI: 10.3233/ch-231745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In coronary artery disease (CAD), an alternative way of improvement of blood circulation in the ischemic area of the myocardium is coronary collateral circulation. Our study aimed to investigate the rheological parameters of blood and nitric oxide (NO) content in patients with various degrees of collateral development and the likelihood of the influence of blood fluidity on collateral angiogenesis. METHODS We studied patients with stable CAD who underwent elective coronary angiography and a control group with the same mean age. We investigated patients with different degrees of developing collaterals and those without them. In studied patients, the blood plasma viscosity, aggregability, and deformability of erythrocytes, as the main indicators of blood rheology. We recorded content of stable metabolic end products of nitric oxide (NOx). RESULTS Results of the studies showed that in the blood of studied patients with CAD erythrocyte aggregation was increased and NO content decreased compared to the control level; NO content was as lower, as less was the number of developed collaterals was recorded. CONCLUSION In this work, the role of the aggregation ability of erythrocytes and the endothelial origin of NO in the direct and feedback regulatory mechanism of angiogenesis in patients with CAD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Chigogidze
- Faculty of Medicine, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Maia Mantskava
- Laboratory of Rheology and Diagnosti Analytical Services, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Clinical Research, Multidisciplinary Science High School, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tamar Sanikidze
- Department of Physics, Biophysics, Biomechanics and IT Technologies, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Zurab Pagava
- Department of Cardiopulmonary, Bokhua Memorial Cardiovascular Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tamar Urdulashvili
- Laboratory of Rheology and Diagnosti Analytical Services, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Clinical Research, Multidisciplinary Science High School, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Marina Tsimakuridze
- Department of Nutrition, Aging Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nana Momtselidze
- Laboratory of Rheology and Diagnosti Analytical Services, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Medicine, UNIK-Kutaisi University, Kutaisi, Georgia
| | - Nino Sharashidze
- Faculty of Medicine, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. Tbilisi, Georgia
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Numaga-Tomita T, Shimauchi T, Kato Y, Nishiyama K, Nishimura A, Sakata K, Inada H, Kita S, Iwamoto T, Nabekura J, Birnbaumer L, Mori Y, Nishida M. Inhibition of transient receptor potential cation channel 6 promotes capillary arterialization during post-ischaemic blood flow recovery. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:94-110. [PMID: 36068079 PMCID: PMC10092707 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Capillary arterialization, characterized by the coverage of pre-existing or nascent capillary vessels with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is critical for the development of collateral arterioles to improve post-ischaemic blood flow. We previously demonstrated that the inhibition of transient receptor potential 6 subfamily C, member 6 (TRPC6) channels facilitate contractile differentiation of VSMCs under ischaemic stress. We here investigated whether TRPC6 inhibition promotes post-ischaemic blood flow recovery through capillary arterialization in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were subjected to hindlimb ischaemia by ligating left femoral artery. The recovery rate of peripheral blood flow was calculated by the ratio of ischaemic left leg to non-ischaemic right one. The number and diameter of blood vessels were analysed by immunohistochemistry. Expression and phosphorylation levels of TRPC6 proteins were determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS Although the post-ischaemic blood flow recovery is reportedly dependent on endothelium-dependent relaxing factors, systemic TRPC6 deletion significantly promoted blood flow recovery under the condition that nitric oxide or prostacyclin production were inhibited, accompanying capillary arterialization. Cilostazol, a clinically approved drug for peripheral arterial disease, facilitates blood flow recovery by inactivating TRPC6 via phosphorylation at Thr69 in VSMCs. Furthermore, inhibition of TRPC6 channel activity by pyrazole-2 (Pyr2; BTP2; YM-58483) promoted post-ischaemic blood flow recovery in Apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Suppression of TRPC6 channel activity in VSMCs could be a new strategy for the improvement of post-ischaemic peripheral blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Numaga-Tomita
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi, Japan.,Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Shimauchi
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuri Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sakata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inada
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satomi Kita
- Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Junichi Nabekura
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Aichi, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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5
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Uniken Venema SM, Dankbaar JW, van der Lugt A, Dippel DWJ, van der Worp HB. Cerebral Collateral Circulation in the Era of Reperfusion Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2022; 53:3222-3234. [PMID: 35938420 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.037869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke depend in part on the extent of their collateral circulation. A good collateral circulation has also been associated with greater benefit of intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment. Treatment decisions for these reperfusion therapies are increasingly guided by a combination of clinical and imaging parameters, particularly in later time windows. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging enable a rapid assessment of both the collateral extent and cerebral perfusion. Yet, the role of the collateral circulation in clinical decision-making is currently limited and may be underappreciated due to the use of rather coarse and rater-dependent grading methods. In this review, we discuss determinants of the collateral circulation in patients with acute ischemic stroke, report on commonly used and emerging neuroimaging techniques for assessing the collateral circulation, and discuss the therapeutic and prognostic implications of the collateral circulation in relation to reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M Uniken Venema
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands. (S.M.U.V., H.B.v.d.W.)
| | - Jan Willem Dankbaar
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands. (J.W.D.)
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands. (A.v.d.L.)
| | - Diederik W J Dippel
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands. (D.W.J.D.)
| | - H Bart van der Worp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands. (S.M.U.V., H.B.v.d.W.)
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6
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Increasing nitric oxide bioavailability fails to improve collateral vessel formation in humanized sickle cell mice. J Transl Med 2022; 102:805-813. [PMID: 35354915 PMCID: PMC9329194 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00780-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with repeated bouts of vascular insufficiency leading to organ dysfunction. Deficits in revascularization following vascular injury are evident in SCD patients and animal models. We aimed to elucidate whether enhancing nitric oxide bioavailability in SCD mice improves outcomes in a model of vascular insufficiency. Townes AA (wild type) and SS (sickle cell) mice were treated with either L-Arginine (5% in drinking water), L-NAME (N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; 1 g/L in drinking water) or NO-generating hydrogel (PA-YK-NO), then subjected to hindlimb ischemia via femoral artery ligation and excision. Perfusion recovery was monitored over 28 days via LASER Doppler perfusion imaging. Consistent with previous findings, perfusion was impaired in SS mice (63 ± 4% of non-ischemic limb perfusion in AA vs 33 ± 3% in SS; day 28; P < 0.001; n = 5-7) and associated with increased necrosis. L-Arginine treatment had no significant effect on perfusion recovery or necrosis (n = 5-7). PA-YK-NO treatment led to worsened perfusion recovery (19 ± 3 vs. 32 ± 3 in vehicle-treated mice; day 7; P < 0.05; n = 4-5), increased necrosis score (P < 0.05, n = 4-5) and a 46% increase in hindlimb peroxynitrite (P = 0.055, n = 4-5). Interestingly, L-NAME worsened outcomes in SS mice with decreased in vivo lectin staining following ischemia (7 ± 2% area in untreated vs 4 ± 2% in treated mice, P < 0.05, n = 5). Our findings demonstrate that L-arginine and direct NO delivery both fail to improve postischemic neovascularization in SCD. Addition of NO to the inflammatory, oxidative environment in SCD may result in further oxidative stress and limit recovery.
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Qiu X, Zhou J, Xu Y, Liao L, Yang H, Xiang Y, Zhou Z, Sun Q, Chen M, Zhang J, Wu W, Zhu L, You B, He L, Luo Y, Li Z, Li C, Bai Y. Prophylactic exercise-derived circulating exosomal miR-125a-5p promotes endogenous revascularization after hindlimb ischemia by targeting endothelin converting enzyme 1. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:881526. [PMID: 35935623 PMCID: PMC9354753 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.881526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prophylactic exercise improves clinical outcomes in patients experiencing severe ischemic diseases. Previous studies have shown that exercise could alter the amount or content of circulating exosomes. However, little is known about the role of precursory exercise-derived circulating exosomes (Exe-Exo) in ischemic diseases. We therefore aimed to explore the function and mechanism of Exe-Exo in endogenous revascularization and perfusion recovery in peripheral arterial disease. Methods and Results We first determined that 4 weeks of precursory treadmill exercise improved perfusion recovery on days 7, 14 and 21 after unilateral femoral artery ligation (FAL) but had no effect immediately after ligation. Then, local muscle delivery of Exe-Exo promotes arteriogenesis, angiogenesis and perfusion recovery, which could be abolished by GW4869, a well-recognized pharmacological agent inhibiting exosome release. This suggests that Exe-Exo mediated exercise-induced revascularization. In vitro, Exe-Exo enhanced endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. In addition, we identified miR-125a-5p as a novel exerkine through exosomal miRNA sequencing and RT-qPCR validation. Inhibition of miR-125a-5p abrogated the beneficial effects of Exe-Exo both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, these exercise-afforded benefits were attributed to the exosomal miR-125a-5p downregulation of ECE1 expression and the subsequent activation of the AKT/eNOS downstream signaling pathway. Specifically, skeletal muscle may be a major tissue source of exercise-induced exosomal miR-125a-5p via fluorescence in situ hybridization. Conclusions Endogenous circulating exosomal miR-125a-5p promotes exercise-induced revascularization via targeting ECE1 and activating AKT/eNOS downstream signaling pathway. Identify exosomal miR-125a-5p as a novel exerkine, and highlight its potential therapeutic role in the prevention and treatment of peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Qiu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jipeng Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanying Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longsheng Liao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huijun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Xiang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengshi Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghong Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaxiong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanzhou Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingping Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Baiyang You
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingfang He
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuanchang Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanchang Li,
| | - Yongping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Yongping Bai,
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Pi C, Wang J, Zhao D, Yu S. The determinants of collateral circulation status in patients with chronic cerebral arterial circle occlusion: A STROBE Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29703. [PMID: 35777030 PMCID: PMC9239625 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The condition of collateral pathways is an important predictor of stroke prognoses; however the major determinants of collaterals are still unknown. The purpose of this study is to identify potentially determinants for collateral circulation status in patients with chronic occlusion of cerebral arterial circle. All patients with chronic occlusion of either unilateral internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery M1 or M2 segment, diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography at the neurology department of the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017, were retrospectively collected in our sample. After screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the patients' relevant clinical data were collected and analyzed. Collateral circulations were assessed by 2 independent raters using the American society of interventional and therapeutic neuroradiology/society of interventional radiology flow-grading system. Baseline characteristics (n = 163): our sample consists of 116 (71.2%) male and 47 (28.8%) female patients with an average age of 57.5 ± 11.9 years. Cerebral collateral flow was poor in 59 (36.2%) patients. Our univariate analyses showed that poor collateral circulation was associated with lower high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL), elevated homocysteine levels, aging and hyperlipidemia. A multivariate analysis identified HDL, homocysteine levels and ageing as major predictors for collateral circulation status. In the subgroup analysis, the HDL contributed to collateral angiogenesis internal carotid artery occlusion group. In the middle cerebral artery occlusion group, the homocysteine and ageing were related to the poor collateral status. Low HDL, high levels of homocysteine and ageing are identified as possible risk factors for a poor collateral vessel blood flow in patients with chronic anterior circulation occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Pi
- Nankai University, College of Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dengfa Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Nankai University, College of Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shengyuan Yu, College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China )
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Perovic T, Harms C, Gerhardt H. Formation and Maintenance of the Natural Bypass Vessels of the Brain. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:778773. [PMID: 35391845 PMCID: PMC8980479 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.778773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic diseases are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The main compensatory mechanism by which our body responds to reduced or blocked blood flow caused by ischemia is mediated by collateral vessels. Collaterals are present in many healthy tissues (including brain and heart) and serve as natural bypass vessels, by bridging adjacent arterial trees. This review focuses on: the definition and significance of pial collateral vessels, the described mechanism of pial collateral formation, an overview of molecular players and pathways involved in pial collateral biology and emerging approaches to prevent or mitigate risk factor-associated loss of pial collaterals. Despite their high clinical relevance and recent scientific efforts toward understanding collaterals, much of the fundamental biology of collaterals remains obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Perovic
- Integrative Vascular Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tijana Perovic
| | - Christoph Harms
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin with Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Integrative Vascular Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Holger Gerhardt
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10
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Bartoli F, Debant M, Chuntharpursat-Bon E, Evans EL, Musialowski KE, Parsonage G, Morley LC, Futers TS, Sukumar P, Bowen TS, Kearney MT, Lichtenstein L, Roberts LD, Beech DJ. Endothelial Piezo1 sustains muscle capillary density and contributes to physical activity. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:141775. [PMID: 35025768 PMCID: PMC8884896 DOI: 10.1172/jci141775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Piezo1 forms mechanically activated nonselective cation channels that contribute to endothelial response to fluid flow. Here we reveal an important role in the control of capillary density. Conditional endothelial cell-specific deletion of Piezo1 in adult mice depressed physical performance. Muscle microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis and capillary rarefaction were evident and sufficient to account for the effect on performance. There was selective upregulation of thrombospondin-2 (TSP2), an inducer of endothelial cell apoptosis, with no effect on TSP1, a related important player in muscle physiology. TSP2 was poorly expressed in muscle endothelial cells but robustly expressed in muscle pericytes, in which nitric oxide (NO) repressed the Tsp2 gene without an effect on Tsp1. In endothelial cells, Piezo1 was required for normal expression of endothelial NO synthase. The data suggest an endothelial cell-pericyte partnership of muscle in which endothelial Piezo1 senses blood flow to sustain capillary density and thereby maintain physical capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - T. Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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11
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Kaloss AM, Theus MH. Leptomeningeal anastomoses: Mechanisms of pial collateral remodeling in ischemic stroke. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1553. [PMID: 35118835 PMCID: PMC9283306 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arterial collateralization, as determined by leptomeningeal anastomoses or pial collateral vessels, is a well‐established vital player in cerebral blood flow restoration and neurological recovery from ischemic stroke. A secondary network of cerebral collateral circulation apart from the Circle of Willis, exist as remnants of arteriole development that connect the distal arteries in the pia mater. Recent interest lies in understanding the cellular and molecular adaptations that control the growth and remodeling, or arteriogenesis, of these pre‐existing collateral vessels. New findings from both animal models and human studies of ischemic stroke suggest a multi‐factorial and complex, temporospatial interplay of endothelium, immune and vessel‐associated cell interactions may work in concert to facilitate or thwart arteriogenesis. These valuable reports may provide critical insight into potential predictors of the pial collateral response in patients with large vessel occlusion and may aid in therapeutics to enhance collateral function and improve recovery from stroke. This article is categorized under:Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Kaloss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Michelle H Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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12
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Bhalla SR, Riu F, Machado MJC, Bates DO. Measurement of Revascularization in the Hind Limb After Experimental Ischemia in Mice. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2441:105-113. [PMID: 35099732 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2059-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral vascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and is a consequence of impaired blood flow to the limbs. This arises due to the inability of the tissue to develop sufficiently functional collateral vessel circulation to overcome occluded arteries, or microvascular impairment. The mouse hind limb model of hind limb ischemia can be used to investigate the impact of different treatment modalities, behavioral changes, or genetic knockout. Here we described the model in detail, providing examples of adverse events, and details of ex vivo analysis of blood vessel density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohni Ria Bhalla
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Federica Riu
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maria J C Machado
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David O Bates
- Tumour and Vascular Biology Laboratories, Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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13
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Collateral Status and Clinical Outcomes after Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with Anterior Circulation Occlusion. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:7796700. [PMID: 35126946 PMCID: PMC8808144 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7796700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Successful mechanical thrombectomy (MT) requires reliable, noninvasive selection criteria. We aimed to investigate the association of collateral status and clinical outcomes after MT in patients with ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation occlusion. Methods. 109 patients with poor collaterals and 110 aged, sex-matched patients with good collaterals were enrolled in the study. Collateral circulation was estimated by the CT angiography with a 0–3 scale. The collateral status was categorized as poor collaterals (scores 0–1) and good collaterals (scores 2-3). The reperfusion was assessed by the modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction scale (mTICI, score 0/1/2a/2b/3). The clinical outcomes included the scores on the modified Rankin scale (mRS, ranging from 0 to 6) and death 90 days after mechanical thrombectomy. Results. Patients with greater scores of collateral status were more likely to achieve successful reperfusion (mTICI 2b/3). Patients with good collaterals were significantly associated with a higher chance of achieving mRS of 0–1 at 90 days (adjusted ORs: 4.55; 95% CI: 3.17–7.24; and
< 0.001) and a lower risk of death at 90 days (adjusted ORs: 0.87; 95% CI: 4.0%–28.0%; and
= 0.012) compared to patients with poor collaterals. In subgroup analyses, patients with statin use seem to benefit more from the effect of collateral status on good mRS (≤2). Conclusion. Among patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by anterior circulation occlusion, better collateral status is associated with higher scores on mRS and lower mortality after mechanical thrombectomy. Statin use might have an interaction with the effect of collateral status.
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14
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Liao FF, Lin G, Chen X, Chen L, Zheng W, Raghow R, Zhou FM, Shih AY, Tan XL. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Deficient Mice: A Model of Spontaneous Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1932-1945. [PMID: 33711310 PMCID: PMC8647425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD) is a major cause of stroke and dementia. Despite a widespread acceptance of small-vessel arteriopathy, lacunar infarction, diffuse white matter injury, and cognitive impairment as four cardinal features of CSVD, a unifying pathologic mechanism of CSVD remains elusive. Herein, we introduce partial endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-deficient mice as a model of age-dependent, spontaneous CSVD. These mice developed cerebral hypoperfusion and blood-brain barrier leakage at a young age, which progressively worsened with advanced age. Their brains exhibited elevated oxidative stress, astrogliosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, microbleeds, microinfarction, and white matter pathology. Partial eNOS-deficient mice developed gait disturbances at middle age, and hippocampus-dependent memory deficits at older ages. These mice also showed enhanced expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in brain pericytes before myelin loss and white matter pathology. Because BMP4 signaling not only promotes astrogliogenesis but also blocks oligodendrocyte differentiation, we posit that paracrine actions of BMP4, localized within the neurovascular unit, promote white matter disorganization and neurodegeneration. These observations point to BMP4 signaling pathway in the aging brain vasculature as a potential therapeutic target. Finally, because studies in partial eNOS-deficient mice corroborated recent clinical evidence that blood-brain barrier disruption is a primary cause of white matter pathology, the mechanism of impaired nitric oxide signaling-mediated CSVD warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca-Fang Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Geng Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingyong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rajendra Raghow
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Fu-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Andy Y Shih
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Xing-Lin Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Neurology, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
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15
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Xing Z, Wang X, Pei J, Zhu Z, Tai S, Hu X. The association of interferon-alpha with development of collateral circulation after artery occlusion. Clin Cardiol 2021; 44:1621-1627. [PMID: 34599832 PMCID: PMC8571556 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated that interferon (IFN) signaling is enhanced in patients with poor collateral circulation (CC). However, the role and mechanisms of IFN‐alpha in the development of CC remain unknown. Methods We studied the serum levels of IFN‐alpha and coronary CC in a case–control study using logistics regression, including 114 coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients with good coronary CC and 94 CTO patients with poor coronary CC. Restricted cubic splines was used to flexibly model the association of the levels of IFN‐alpha with the incidence of good CC perfusion restoration after systemic treatment with IFN‐alpha was assessed in a mice hind‐limb ischemia model. Results Compared with the first IFN‐alpha tertile, the risk of poor CC was higher in the third IFN‐alpha tertile (OR: 4.79, 95% CI: 2.22–10.4, p < .001). A cubic spline‐smoothing curve showed that the risk of poor CC increased with increasing levels of serum IFN‐alpha. IFN‐alpha inhibited the development of CC in a hindlimb ischemia model. Arterioles of CC in the IFN‐alpha group were smaller in diameter than in the control group. Conclusion Patients with CTO and with poor CC have higher serum levels of IFN‐alpha than CTO patients with good CC. IFN‐alpha might impair the development of CC after artery occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Xing
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaopu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junyu Pei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi Tai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinqun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Schneckmann R, Suvorava T, Hundhausen C, Schuler D, Lorenz C, Freudenberger T, Kelm M, Fischer JW, Flögel U, Grandoch M. Endothelial Hyaluronan Synthase 3 Augments Postischemic Arteriogenesis Through CD44/eNOS Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2551-2562. [PMID: 34380333 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.315478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The dominant driver of arteriogenesis is elevated shear stress sensed by the endothelial glycocalyx thereby promoting arterial outward remodeling. Hyaluronan, a critical component of the endothelial glycocalyx, is synthesized by 3 HAS isoenzymes (hyaluronan synthases 1-3) at the plasma membrane. Considering further the importance of HAS3 for smooth muscle cell and immune cell functions we aimed to evaluate its role in collateral artery growth. Approach and Results: Male Has3-deficient (Has3-KO) mice were subjected to hindlimb ischemia. Blood perfusion was monitored by laser Doppler perfusion imaging and endothelial function was assessed by measurement of flow-mediated dilation in vivo. Collateral remodeling was monitored by high resolution magnetic resonance angiography. A neutralizing antibody against CD44 (clone KM201) was injected intraperitoneally to analyze hyaluronan signaling in vivo. After hindlimb ischemia, Has3-KO mice showed a reduced arteriogenic response with decreased collateral remodeling and impaired perfusion recovery. While postischemic leukocyte infiltration was unaffected, a diminished flow-mediated dilation pointed towards an impaired endothelial cell function. Indeed, endothelial AKT (protein kinase B)-dependent eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) phosphorylation at Ser1177 was substantially reduced in Has3-KO thigh muscles. Endothelial-specific Has3-KO mice mimicked the hindlimb ischemia-induced phenotype of impaired perfusion recovery as observed in global Has3-deficiency. Mechanistically, blocking selectively the hyaluronan binding site of CD44 reduced flow-mediated dilation, thereby suggesting hyaluronan signaling through CD44 as the underlying signaling pathway. Conclusions: In summary, HAS3 contributes to arteriogenesis in hindlimb ischemia by hyaluronan/CD44-mediated stimulation of eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177. Thus, strategies augmenting endothelial HAS3 or CD44 could be envisioned to enhance vascularization under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Schneckmann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty (R.S., T.S., C.H., C.L., T.F., J.W.F., M.G.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty (R.S., T.S., C.H., C.L., T.F., J.W.F., M.G.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Hundhausen
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty (R.S., T.S., C.H., C.L., T.F., J.W.F., M.G.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominik Schuler
- Clinic for Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (D.S., M.K.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christin Lorenz
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty (R.S., T.S., C.H., C.L., T.F., J.W.F., M.G.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Till Freudenberger
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty (R.S., T.S., C.H., C.L., T.F., J.W.F., M.G.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Clinic for Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (D.S., M.K.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany (M.K., J.W.F.)
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty (R.S., T.S., C.H., C.L., T.F., J.W.F., M.G.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany (M.K., J.W.F.)
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Cardiology (U.F.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty (R.S., T.S., C.H., C.L., T.F., J.W.F., M.G.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Determinants of Leptomeningeal Collateral Status Variability in Ischemic Stroke Patients. Can J Neurol Sci 2021; 49:767-773. [PMID: 34585652 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2021.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collateral status is an indicator of a favorable outcome in stroke. Leptomeningeal collaterals provide alternative routes for brain perfusion following an arterial occlusion or flow-limiting stenosis. Using a large cohort of ischemic stroke patients, we examined the relative contribution of various demographic, laboratory, and clinical variables in explaining variability in collateral status. METHODS Patients with acute ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation were enrolled in a multi-center hospital-based observational study. Intracranial occlusions and collateral status were identified and graded using multiphase computed tomography angiography. Based on the percentage of affected territory filled by collateral supply, collaterals were graded as either poor (0-49%), good (50-99%), or optimal (100%). Between-group differences in demographic, laboratory, and clinical factors were explored using ordinal regression models. Further, we explored the contribution of measured variables in explaining variance in collateral status. RESULTS 386 patients with collateral status classified as poor (n = 64), good (n = 125), and optimal (n = 197) were included. Median time from symptom onset to CT was 120 (IQR: 78-246) minutes. In final multivariable model, male sex (OR 1.9, 95% CIs [1.2, 2.9], p = 0.005) and leukocytosis (OR 1.1, 95% CIs [1.1, 1.2], p = 0.001) were associated with poor collaterals. Measured variables only explained 44.8-53.0% of the observed between-patient variance in collaterals. CONCLUSION Male sex and leukocytosis are associated with poorer collaterals. Nearly half of the variance in collateral flow remains unexplained and could be in part due to genetic differences.
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18
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Zhou J, Yin Y, Yang Y, Peng D, Wei J, Yin G, Tang Y. Knockdown of miR-423-5p simultaneously upgrades the eNOS and VEGFa pathways in ADSCs and improves erectile function in diabetic rats. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9796-9804. [PMID: 34545676 PMCID: PMC8505849 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the possibility of miR‐423‐5p modified adipose‐derived stem cell (ADSCs) therapy on streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED) rats. MiR‐423‐5p was knocked down in ADSCs. ADSCs, NC‐miR‐ADSCs and miR‐ADSCs were co‐cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Normal and high glucose media were supplemented. The supernatant and HUVECs were collected for assessment of eNOS and VEGFa expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. HUVECs co‐cultured with ADSCs or miR‐ADSCs exhibited higher eNOS and VEGFa protein expression levels compared to DM groups. MiR‐ADSCs enhanced HUVEC proliferation compared to the ADSCs and NC‐miR‐ADSCs. Lower apoptotic rates were observed when HUVECs were co‐cultured with miR‐ADSCs, compared to ADSCs and NC‐miR‐ADSCs. Fifteen male Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats aged 12 weeks were induced to develop diabetes mellitus by intraperitoneal injection with STZ, and five healthy SD rats were used as normal controls. Eight weeks after developing diabetes, the rats received ADSCs and miR‐ADSCs via injection into the corpora cavernosa, whereas normal controls and DM controls were injected with saline. Erectile function and histological assessment of penile tissues were performed 8 weeks after injection. The ICP/MAP indicated that erectile function was impaired in the DM rats compared with the normal group. Injection of ADSCs and miR‐ADSCs improved erectile function significantly and was associated with the overexpression of eNOS and VEGFa. MiR‐423‐5p knockdown in ADSCs ameliorated high glucose‐mediated damage to HUVECs and improved erectile function in DM rats by inducing eNOS and VEGFa overexpression, indicating that miR‐423‐5p may be a potential target in the treatment of DMED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinghao Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongyi Peng
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingchao Wei
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangming Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
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19
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Vågesjö E, Parv K, Ahl D, Seignez C, Herrera Hidalgo C, Giraud A, Leite C, Korsgren O, Wallén H, Juusola G, Hakovirta HH, Rundqvist H, Essand M, Holm L, Johnson RS, Thålin C, Korpisalo P, Christoffersson G, Phillipson M. Perivascular Macrophages Regulate Blood Flow Following Tissue Damage. Circ Res 2021; 128:1694-1707. [PMID: 33878889 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Vågesjö
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Kristel Parv
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - David Ahl
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Cédric Seignez
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Carmen Herrera Hidalgo
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Antoine Giraud
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Catarina Leite
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (O.K., M.E.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallén
- Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.W., C.T.)
| | - Greta Juusola
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (G.J.)
| | - Harri H Hakovirta
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Finland (H.H.H.)
| | - Helene Rundqvist
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (H.R., R.S.J.)
| | - Magnus Essand
- Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (O.K., M.E.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Lena Holm
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Randall S Johnson
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (H.R., R.S.J.).,Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.S.J.)
| | - Charlotte Thålin
- Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.W., C.T.)
| | | | - Gustaf Christoffersson
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden.,The Science for Life Laboratory (G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden.,The Science for Life Laboratory (G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
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20
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Guo Z, Wu X, Fan W. Clarifying the effects of diabetes on the cerebral circulation: Implications for stroke recovery and beyond. Brain Res Bull 2021; 171:67-74. [PMID: 33662495 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Given the sheer increased number of victims per year and the availability of only one effective treatment, acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains to be one of the most under-treated serious diseases. Diabetes not only increases the incidence of ischemic stroke, but amplifies the ischemic damage, upon which if patients with diabetes suffer from stroke, he/she will confront increased risks of long-term functional deficits. The grim reality makes it a pressing need to intensify efforts at the basic science level to understand how diabetes impairs stroke recovery. This review retrospects the clinical and experimental studies in order to elucidate the detrimental effect of diabetes on cerebrovascular circulation including the major arteries/arterioles, collateral circulation, and neovascularization to shed light on further exploration of novel strategies for cerebral circulation protection before and after AIS in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Guo
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuqing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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Gifre-Renom L, Jones EAV. Vessel Enlargement in Development and Pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2021; 12:639645. [PMID: 33716786 PMCID: PMC7947306 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.639645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
From developmental stages until adulthood, the circulatory system remodels in response to changes in blood flow in order to maintain vascular homeostasis. Remodeling processes can be driven by de novo formation of vessels or angiogenesis, and by the restructuration of already existing vessels, such as vessel enlargement and regression. Notably, vessel enlargement can occur as fast as in few hours in response to changes in flow and pressure. The high plasticity and responsiveness of blood vessels rely on endothelial cells. Changes within the bloodstream, such as increasing shear stress in a narrowing vessel or lowering blood flow in redundant vessels, are sensed by endothelial cells and activate downstream signaling cascades, promoting behavioral changes in the involved cells. This way, endothelial cells can reorganize themselves to restore normal circulation levels within the vessel. However, the dysregulation of such processes can entail severe pathological circumstances with disturbances affecting diverse organs, such as human hereditary telangiectasias. There are different pathways through which endothelial cells react to promote vessel enlargement and mechanisms may differ depending on whether remodeling occurs in the adult or in developmental models. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the fast-adapting processes governing vessel enlargement can open the door to a new set of therapeutical approaches to be applied in occlusive vascular diseases. Therefore, we have outlined here the latest advances in the study of vessel enlargement in physiology and pathology, with a special insight in the pathways involved in its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gifre-Renom
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A V Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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22
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Ji X. Visfatin and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Levels Affect Coronary Collateral Circulation Development in Patients with Chronic Coronary Total Occlusion. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2021.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) plays a vital role in the myocardial blood supply, especially forischemic myocardium. Evidence suggests that the visfatin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels are related to the degree and incidence of vascular stenosis associated with coronary artery disease; however, few studies have evaluated the effect of visfatin and 25(OH)D3 on CCC development in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO).This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the serum visfatin and 25(OH)D3 levels and CCC in patients with CTO.Methods: A total of 189 patients with CTO confirmed by coronary angiography were included. CCC was graded from 0 to 3 according to the Rentrop-Cohen classification. Patients with grade 0 or grade 1 collateral development were included in the poor CCC group (n = 82), whereas patients with grade 2 or grade 3 collateral development were included in the good CCC group (n = 107). The serum visfatin and 25(OH)D3 levels were measured by ELISA.Results: The visfatin level was significantly higher in the poor CCC group than in the good CCC group, and the 25(OH)D3 level was significantly lower in the poor CCC group than in the good CCC group (P = 0.000). Correlation analysis showed that the Rentrop grade was negatively correlated with the visfatin level (r = − 0.692, P = 0.000) but positively correlated with the 25(OH)D3 level (r = 0.635, P = 0.000). Logistic regression analysis showed that the visfatin and 25(OH)D3 levels were independent risk factors for CCC (odds ratio 1.597, 95% confidence interval 1.300–1.961, P = 0.000 and odds ratio 0.566, 95% confidence interval 0.444–0.722, P = 0.000, respectively). The visfatin and25(OH)D3 levels can effectively predict the CCC status.Conclusion: Serum visfatin and 25(OH)D3 levels are related to CCC development and are independent predictors of poor CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ji
- China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation 731 Hospital
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23
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Chehaitly A, Vessieres E, Guihot AL, Henrion D. Flow-mediated outward arterial remodeling in aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 194:111416. [PMID: 33333130 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present review focuses on the effect of aging on flow-mediated outward remodeling (FMR) via alterations in estrogen metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation. In ischemic disorders, the ability of the vasculature to adapt or remodel determines the quality of the recovery. FMR, which has a key role in revascularization, is a complex phenomenon that recruits endothelial and smooth muscle cells as well as the immune system. FMR becomes progressively less with age as a result of an increase in inflammation and oxidative stress, in part of mitochondrial origin. The alteration in FMR is greater in older individuals with risk factors and thus the therapy cannot merely amount to exercise with or without a mild vasodilating drug. Interestingly, the reduction in FMR occurs later in females. Estrogen and its alpha receptor (ERα) play a key role in FMR through the control of dilatory pathways including the angiotensin II type 2 receptor, thus providing possible tools to activate FMR in older subjects although only experimental data is available. Indeed, the main issue is the reversibility of the vascular damage induced over time, and to date promoting prevention and limiting exposure to the risk factors remain the best options in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Chehaitly
- MITOVASC Laboratory and CARFI Facility, INSERM U1083, CNRS UMR 6015, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Emilie Vessieres
- MITOVASC Laboratory and CARFI Facility, INSERM U1083, CNRS UMR 6015, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Anne-Laure Guihot
- MITOVASC Laboratory and CARFI Facility, INSERM U1083, CNRS UMR 6015, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- MITOVASC Laboratory and CARFI Facility, INSERM U1083, CNRS UMR 6015, University of Angers, Angers, France.
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Mohandas A, Rangasamy J. Nanocurcumin and arginine entrapped injectable chitosan hydrogel for restoration of hypoxia induced endothelial dysfunction. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:471-482. [PMID: 33129903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition that gradually leads to ischemic damages in organs which is marked by poor tissue perfusion. Depending on the severity of the condition, revascularisation therapies are needed for reducing the risk of organ dysfunction. This study was aimed at developing an injectable nanocurcumin and arginine incorporated chitosan hydrogel (nC/R) that can prevent hypoxia induced endothelial damage. The prepared hydrogel has shear thinning, stable and injectable nature. The (nC and nC/R) hydrogels showed significant antioxidant activity and biodegradation in vitro. The release of curucmin and arginine from the nC/R was found to be higher at acidic pH, which predominates in an ischemic site. To mimic low oxygen environment, an in vitro hypoxic endothelial dysfunction model was developed which showed decreased expressions of phosphorylated eNOS (serine 1177) when compared to the cells cultured in normoxic condition. In vitro tube formation assay demonstrated the protective effect of nC/R towards hypoxia induced reduction of tube width. The nC/R hydrogel was found to enhance phosphorylation of eNOS at serine 1177 site in cultured endothelial cells subjected to hypoxia. Therefore, nC/R hydrogel could effectively deliver both curcumin and arginine and therapeutically reduce the effect of hypoxia induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapoorna Mohandas
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682 041, India
| | - Jayakumar Rangasamy
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682 041, India.
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Chen J, Liu X, Qin X, Liu Z, Zhu L, Quan X, Xu Z, Dong H, Zhang Z. Coronary Collateral Microcirculation Reserve Becomes Vestigial with Aging. Cardiology 2020; 146:11-18. [PMID: 33032289 DOI: 10.1159/000509915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our previous study indicated that coronary collateral microcirculation reserve (CCMR), native collaterals, transports blood flow to an ischemic area to reduce ischemic tissue injury. This study aimed to observe the changes of CCMR in the hearts of different month-old rats. METHODS We selected 2-, 8-, 16-, and 24-month-old rats as the research objects to monitor the changes of CCMR in rats with aging. After acute myocardial infarction, lectin-FITC was injected into the femoral vein vessels of rats to mark CCMR vessels in the ischemic area. RESULTS Results of the lectin-FITC perfusion experiment indicated that the number and collagen IV coverage of CCMR vessels declined with aging. Moreover, data suggested a correlation between endothelial nitric oxide synthase and a decline in the number of CCMR vessels. CONCLUSION Aging causes CCMR decline in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xichun Qin
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Morphological Research Experiment Center, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lidong Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Quan
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Dong
- Morphological Research Experiment Center, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China,
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26
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Sun Y, Zhao Z, Zhang H, Li J, Chen J, Luan X, Min W, He Y. The interaction of lead exposure and CCM3 defect plays an important role in regulating angiogenesis through eNOS/NO pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:103407. [PMID: 32512318 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the role of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating angiogenesis in cerebral cavernous malformations 3 gene (CCM3)-deficient mice exposed to lead during vascular development; further, we aimed to identify and study the potential mechanism involved as well. Angiogenesis was detected by whole mount immunofluorescent staining of retinal vessels in WT and CCM3+/- mice. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) isolated from WT and CCM3+/- mice, primary HUVECs, and immortalized HUVECs (imHUVECs) (CCM3+/+ and CCM3-/-) were used and treated with lead acetate (PbAc). RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of iNOS, eNOS, and VEGF genes. The results showed that both lead exposure and CCM3 gene deficiency adversely affected endothelial cell function, causing abnormal angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. The mRNA expression of eNOS and iNOS was significantly different in WT and CCM3+/- BMECs (0.04 ± 0.001 vs. 0.016 ± 0.002; 0.26 ± 0.002 vs. 0.306 ± 0.002, respectively), and the expression of eNOS and iNOS in imHUVECs (CCM3+/+ and CCM3-/-) also increased after PbAc exposure. In conclusion, CCM3 gene-deficient mice were more susceptible to abnormal vascular development after low-level lead exposure, probably due to the release of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Health Toxicology, Sun Yat-sen University School of Public Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Sun Yat-sen University School of Public Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jingli Chen
- Department of Health Toxicology, Sun Yat-sen University School of Public Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoyi Luan
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Wang Min
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yun He
- Department of Health Toxicology, Sun Yat-sen University School of Public Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Pál É, Hricisák L, Lékai Á, Nagy D, Fülöp Á, Erben RG, Várbíró S, Sándor P, Benyó Z. Ablation of Vitamin D Signaling Compromises Cerebrovascular Adaptation to Carotid Artery Occlusion in Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061457. [PMID: 32545499 PMCID: PMC7349396 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency has been associated with increased incidence and severity of cerebrovascular disorders. We analyzed the impact of impaired vitamin D signaling on the anatomical and functional aspects of cerebrovascular adaptation to unilateral carotid artery occlusion (CAO), a common consequence of atherosclerosis and cause of ischemic stroke. Cerebrocortical blood flow (CoBF) showed a significantly increased drop and delayed recovery after CAO in mice carrying a functionally inactive vitamin D receptor (VDR) with the most sustained perfusion deficit in the temporal cortex. To identify the cause(s) for this altered adaptation, the extent of compensatory blood flow increase in the contralateral carotid artery and the morphology of pial collaterals between the anterior and middle cerebral arteries were determined. Whereas VDR deficiency had no significant influence on the contralateral carotid arterial blood flow increase, it was associated with decreased number and increased tortuosity of pial anastomoses resulting in unfavorable changes of the intracranial collateral circulation. These results indicate that VDR deficiency compromises the cerebrovascular adaptation to CAO with the most sustained consequences in the temporal cortex. The dysregulation can be attributed to the altered development and function of pial collateral circulation whereas extracranial vessels may not be impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Pál
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (Á.L.); (D.N.); (Á.F.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: (É.P.); (Z.B.); Tel.: +36-1-210-0306 (É.P.); +36-1-210-0306 (Z.B.)
| | - László Hricisák
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (Á.L.); (D.N.); (Á.F.); (P.S.)
| | - Ágnes Lékai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (Á.L.); (D.N.); (Á.F.); (P.S.)
| | - Dorina Nagy
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (Á.L.); (D.N.); (Á.F.); (P.S.)
| | - Ágnes Fülöp
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (Á.L.); (D.N.); (Á.F.); (P.S.)
| | - Reinhold G. Erben
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Szabolcs Várbíró
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Sándor
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (Á.L.); (D.N.); (Á.F.); (P.S.)
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (Á.L.); (D.N.); (Á.F.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: (É.P.); (Z.B.); Tel.: +36-1-210-0306 (É.P.); +36-1-210-0306 (Z.B.)
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28
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Zhao S, Liu W, Feng C, Zhang X, Cai W, Luo M. Effect and Molecular Mechanisms of Collateral Vessel Growth Mediated by Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:185-194. [PMID: 32526735 DOI: 10.1159/000506516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on the function of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in arteriogenesis is limited. We aimed to verify whether TRPV1 is involved in collateral vessel growth in rat hind limbs and elucidate the possible subcellular action mechanisms. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were chosen to establish the hind limb ischemic model and treatment with capsaicin. Angiographies were performed, and tissue was isolated for immunohistochemistry. In vitro, rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were treated with capsaicin and antagonist capsazepine. The RAEC proliferation was determined, and the protein and mRNA levels of Ca2+-dependent transcription factors were assessed. In vivo, the collateral vessels exhibited positive outward remodeling characterized by enhanced inflammatory cell/macrophage accumulation in the adventitia and activated cell proliferation in all layers of the vascular wall and elevated endothelial NO synthetase expression in the rats with hind limb ligation. In RAECs, TRPV1 activation-induced Ca2+-dependent transcriptional factors, nuclear factor of activated T cells 1, calsenilin and myocyte enhancer factor 2C increase, and augmented RAEC proliferation could be a subcellular mechanism for TRPV1 in endothelial cells and ultimately contribute to collateral vessel growth. TRPV1, a novel candidate, positively regulates arteriogenesis, meriting further studies to unravel the potential therapeutic target leading to improved collateral vessel growth for treating ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiqing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chengan Feng
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weijun Cai
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingying Luo
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China,
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Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common and serious illness in the world and has been researched for many years. However, there are still no real effective ways to prevent and save patients with this disease. When patients present with myocardial infarction, the most important step is to recover ischemic prefusion, which usually is accomplished by coronary artery bypass surgery, coronary artery intervention (PCI), or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). These are invasive procedures, and patients with extensive lesions cannot tolerate surgery. It is, therefore, extremely urgent to search for a noninvasive way to save ischemic myocardium. After suffering from ischemia, cardiac or skeletal muscle can partly recover blood flow through angiogenesis (de novo capillary) induced by hypoxia, arteriogenesis, or collateral growth (opening and remodeling of arterioles) triggered by dramatical increase of fluid shear stress (FSS). Evidence has shown that both of them are regulated by various crossed pathways, such as hypoxia-related pathways, cellular metabolism remodeling, inflammatory cells invasion and infiltration, or hemodynamical changes within the vascular wall, but still they do not find effective target for regulating revascularization at present. 5′-Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as a kinase, is not only an energy modulator but also a sensor of cellular oxygen-reduction substances, and many researches have suggested that AMPK plays an essential role in revascularization but the mechanism is not completely understood. Usually, AMPK can be activated by ADP or AMP, upstream kinases or other cytokines, and pharmacological agents, and then it phosphorylates key molecules that are involved in energy metabolism, autophagy, anti-inflammation, oxidative stress, and aging process to keep cellular homeostasis and finally keeps cell normal activity and function. This review makes a summary on the subunits, activation and downstream targets of AMPK, the mechanism of revascularization, the effects of AMPK in endothelial cells, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis along with some prospects.
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Requirement of β1 integrin for endothelium-dependent vasodilation and collateral formation in hindlimb ischemia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16931. [PMID: 31729436 PMCID: PMC6858366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An acute increase in blood flow triggers flow-mediated dilation (FMD), which is mainly mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). A long-term increase in blood flow chronically enlarges the arterial lumen, a process called arteriogenesis. In several common human diseases, these processes are disrupted for as yet unknown reasons. Here, we asked whether β1 integrin, a mechanosensory protein in endothelial cells, is required for FMD and arteriogenesis in the ischemic hindlimb. Permanent ligation of the femoral artery in C57BL/6 J mice enlarged pre-existing collateral arteries and increased numbers of arterioles in the thigh. In the lower leg, the numbers of capillaries increased. Notably, injection of β1 integrin-blocking antibody or tamoxifen-induced endothelial cell-specific deletion of the gene for β1 integrin (Itgb1) inhibited both arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. Using high frequency ultrasound, we demonstrated that β1 integrin-blocking antibody or endothelial cell-specific depletion of β1 integrin attenuated FMD of the femoral artery, and blocking of β1 integrin function did not further decrease FMD in eNOS-deficient mice. Our data suggest that endothelial β1 integrin is required for both acute and chronic widening of the arterial lumen in response to hindlimb ischemia, potentially via functional interaction with eNOS.
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Piccirillo F, Carpenito M, Verolino G, Chello C, Nusca A, Lusini M, Spadaccio C, Nappi F, Di Sciascio G, Nenna A. Changes of the coronary arteries and cardiac microvasculature with aging: Implications for translational research and clinical practice. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 184:111161. [PMID: 31647940 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging results in functional and structural changes in the cardiovascular system, translating into a progressive increase of mechanical vessel stiffness, due to a combination of changes in micro-RNA expression patterns, autophagy, arterial calcification, smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. The two pivotal mechanisms of aging-related endothelial dysfunction are oxidative stress and inflammation, even in the absence of clinical disease. A comprehensive understanding of the aging process is emerging as a primary concern in literature, as vascular aging has recently become a target for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Change of life-style, diet, antioxidant regimens, anti-inflammatory treatments, senolytic drugs counteract the pro-aging pathways or target senescent cells modulating their detrimental effects. Such therapies aim to reduce the ineluctable burden of age and contrast aging-associated cardiovascular dysfunction. This narrative review intends to summarize the macrovascular and microvascular changes related with aging, as a better understanding of the pathways leading to arterial aging may contribute to design new mechanism-based therapeutic approaches to attenuate the features of vascular senescence and its clinical impact on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Camilla Chello
- Dermatology, Università "La Sapienza" di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Lusini
- Cardiovascular surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Nappi
- Cardiac surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord de Saint Denis, Paris, France
| | | | - Antonio Nenna
- Cardiovascular surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
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Sun M, Shen X, Ma Y. Rehmannioside A attenuates cognitive deficits in rats with vascular dementia (VD) through suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109492. [PMID: 31593895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is a degenerative cerebrovascular disorder, leading to progressive decline of cognitive abilities and memory. Rehmannioside A (ReA) is isolated from Rehmanniae Radix, which exhibits protective role against various diseases. The present study was performed to calculate the possible neuroprotective effects of ReA on VD. Here, the morris water maze (MWM) test and electrophysiological recordings indicated that ReA reduced cognitive deficits. Additionally, through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Nissl staining, ReA attenuated the histological alterations of hippocampus in rats with VD. ReA group significantly reduced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis in the hippocampus of rats with VD, which was linked to the activation of nuclear erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf2), while the inactivation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Caspase-3. Further, the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis abilities of ReA were confirmed in cells stimulated by hydrogen peroxide. Overall, the results above demonstrated the protective effects of ReA against cognitive deficits and indicated the potential value of ReA in the therapy of VD in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiaoming Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, No. 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yunzhi Ma
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100000, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, No. 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Collateral Vessels Have Unique Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153608. [PMID: 31344780 PMCID: PMC6695737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Collaterals are unique blood vessels present in the microcirculation of most tissues that, by cross-connecting a small fraction of the outer branches of adjacent arterial trees, provide alternate routes of perfusion. However, collaterals are especially susceptible to rarefaction caused by aging, other vascular risk factors, and mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease—a vulnerability attributed to the disturbed hemodynamic environment in the watershed regions where they reside. We examined the hypothesis that endothelial and smooth muscle cells (ECs and SMCs, respectively) of collaterals have specializations, distinct from those of similarly-sized nearby distal-most arterioles (DMAs) that maintain collateral integrity despite their continuous exposure to low and oscillatory/disturbed shear stress, high wall stress, and low blood oxygen. Examination of mouse brain revealed the following: Unlike the pro-inflammatory cobble-stoned morphology of ECs exposed to low/oscillatory shear stress elsewhere in the vasculature, collateral ECs are aligned with the vessel axis. Primary cilia, which sense shear stress, are present, unexpectedly, on ECs of collaterals and DMAs but are less abundant on collaterals. Unlike DMAs, collaterals are continuously invested with SMCs, have increased expression of Pycard, Ki67, Pdgfb, Angpt2, Dll4, Ephrinb2, and eNOS, and maintain expression of Klf2/4. Collaterals lack tortuosity when first formed during development, but tortuosity becomes evident within days after birth, progresses through middle age, and then declines—results consistent with the concept that collateral wall cells have a higher turnover rate than DMAs that favors proliferative senescence and collateral rarefaction. In conclusion, endothelial and SMCs of collaterals have morphologic and functional differences from those of nearby similarly sized arterioles. Future studies are required to determine if they represent specializations that counterbalance the disturbed hemodynamic, pro-inflammatory, and pro-proliferative environment in which collaterals reside and thus mitigate their risk factor-induced rarefaction.
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Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Variation in the Posterior Communicating Collaterals of the Circle of Willis. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 10:189-203. [PMID: 29589286 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Variation in blood flow mediated by the posterior communicating collateral arteries (PComs) contributes to variation in the severity of tissue injury in obstructive disease. Evidence in animals and humans indicates that differences in the extent of PComs, i.e., their anatomic lumen diameter and whether they are present bilaterally, unilaterally, or absent, are a major factor. These differences arise during development since they are present at birth. However, the causal mechanisms are unknown. We used angiography after maximal dilation to examine involvement of genetic, environmental, and stochastic factors. The extent of PComs varied widely among seven genetically diverse strains of mice. Like pial collaterals in the microcirculation, aging and hypertension reduced PCom diameter, while in contrast, obesity, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus had no effect. Naturally occurring intrauterine growth restriction had no effect on extent of PCom or pial collaterals in the adult. The number and diameter of PComs evidenced much larger apparent stochastic-dependent variation than pial collaterals. In addition, both PComs underwent flow-mediated outward remodeling after unilateral permanent MCA occlusion that varied with genetic background and was greater on the ipsilesional side. These findings indicate that variation in the number and diameter of PCom collateral arteries arises from stochastic factors and naturally occurring genetic variants that differ from those that cause variation in pial collateral arterioles. Environmental factors also contribute: aging and hypertension reduce PCom diameter. Our results suggest possible sources of variation of PComs in humans and provide information relevant when studying mouse models of occlusive cerebrovascular disease.
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Piedade GS, Schirmer CM, Goren O, Zhang H, Aghajanian A, Faber JE, Griessenauer CJ. Cerebral Collateral Circulation: A Review in the Context of Ischemic Stroke and Mechanical Thrombectomy. World Neurosurg 2019; 122:33-42. [PMID: 30342266 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The pial (leptomenigeal) collateral circulation is a key determinant of functional outcome after mechanical thrombectomy after large-vessel ischemic stroke. Patients with good collateral blood flow benefit up to 24 hours after stroke onset, whereas those with poor collateral flow evidence less or no benefit. However, clues to why collateral flow varies so widely among patients have remained elusive. Recent findings in animal studies, which are currently being tested for confirmation in humans, have found that naturally occurring variants of a novel "collateral gene," Rabep2, result in large differences in the extent of anatomic collaterals and thus blood flow and infarct size in mice after stroke. The comprehension of collagerogenesis in humans and the evaluation of collateral status could aid in identifying patients who will benefit not only from mechanical thrombectomy in the extended time window but also from any reperfusion strategy. We performed a literature review focused on radiographic, clinical, and genetic aspects of the collateral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Santos Piedade
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Oded Goren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amir Aghajanian
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - James E Faber
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christoph J Griessenauer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger, Pennsylvania, USA; Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease cause rarefaction of pial collaterals and increased severity of ischemic stroke. Angiogenesis 2019; 22:263-279. [PMID: 30519973 PMCID: PMC6475514 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction contributes to the progression and severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients with AD also sustain larger infarctions after ischemic stroke; however, the responsible mechanisms are unknown. Pial collaterals are the primary source of protection in stroke. Unfortunately, natural aging and other vascular risk factors cause a decline in collateral number and diameter (rarefaction) and an increase in stroke severity. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that AD accelerates age-induced collateral rarefaction and examined potential underlying mechanisms. Triple and double transgenic mouse models of AD both sustained collateral rarefaction by 8 months of age, well before the onset of rarefaction caused by aging alone (16 months of age). Rarefaction, which did not progress further at 18 months of age, was accompanied by a twofold increase in infarct volume after MCA occlusion. AD did not induce rarefaction of similarly sized pial arterioles or penetrating arterioles. Rarefaction was minimal and occurred only at 18 months of age in a parenchymal vascular amyloid-beta model of AD. Rarefaction was not associated with amyloid-beta deposition on collaterals or pial arteries, nor was plaque burden or CD11b+ cell density greater in brain underlying the collateral zones versus elsewhere. However, rarefaction was accompanied by increased markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging of collateral endothelial and mural cells. Moreover, rarefaction was lessened by deletion of CX3CR1 and prevented by overexpression of eNOS. These findings demonstrate that mouse models of AD promote rarefaction of pial collaterals and implicate inflammation-induced accelerated aging of collateral wall cells. Strategies that reduce vascular inflammation and/or increase nitric oxide may preserve collateral function.
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Depression and glioblastoma, complicated concomitant diseases: a systemic review of published literature. Neurosurg Rev 2018; 43:497-511. [PMID: 30094499 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-018-1017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer. Depression is a common co-morbidity of this condition. Despite this common interaction, relatively little research has been performed on the development of GBM-associated depression. We performed a literary search of the PubMed database for articles published relating to GBM and depression. A total of 85 articles were identified with 46 meeting inclusion criteria. Depression significantly impacts care, decreasing medication compliance, and patient survival. Diagnostically, because depression and GBM share intricate neuro-connectivity in a way that effect functionality, these diseases can be mistaken for alternative psychological or pathological disorders, complicating care. Therapeutically, anti-depressants have anti-tumor properties; yet, some have been shown to interfere with GBM treatment. One reason for this is that the pathophysiological development of depression and GBM share several pathways including altered regulation of the 5-HT receptor, norepinephrine, and 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate. Over time, depression can persist after GBM treatment, affecting patient quality of life. Together, depression and GBM are complicated concomitant diseases. Clinicians must be aware of their co-existence. Because of overlapping molecular pathways involved in both diseases, careful medication selection is imperative to avoid potential adverse interactions. Since GBMs are the most common primary brain cancer, physicians dealing with this disease should be prepared for the development of depression as a potential sequela of this condition, given the related pathophysiology and the known poor outcomes.
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Heuslein JL, Gorick CM, McDonnell SP, Song J, Annex BH, Price RJ. Exposure of Endothelium to Biomimetic Flow Waveforms Yields Identification of miR-199a-5p as a Potent Regulator of Arteriogenesis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:829-844. [PMID: 30153567 PMCID: PMC6118158 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arteriogenesis, the growth of endogenous collateral arteries bypassing arterial occlusion(s), is a fundamental shear stress-induced adaptation with implications for treating peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Nonetheless, endothelial mechano-signaling during arteriogenesis is incompletely understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that a mechanosensitive microRNA, miR-199a-5p, regulates perfusion recovery and collateral arteriogenesis following femoral arterial ligation (FAL) via control of monocyte recruitment and pro-arteriogenic gene expression. We have previously shown that collateral artery segments exhibit distinctly amplified arteriogenesis if they are exposed to reversed flow following FAL in the mouse. We performed a genome-wide analysis of endothelial cells exposed to a biomimetic reversed flow waveform. From this analysis, we identified mechanosensitive miR-199a-5p as a novel candidate regulator of collateral arteriogenesis. In vitro, miR-199a-5p inhibited pro-arteriogenic gene expression (IKKβ, Cav1) and monocyte adhesion to endothelium. In vivo, following FAL in mice, miR-199a-5p overexpression impaired foot perfusion and arteriogenesis. In contrast, a single intramuscular anti-miR-199a-5p injection elicited a robust therapeutic response, including complete foot perfusion recovery, markedly augmented arteriogenesis (>3.4-fold increase in segment conductance), and improved gastrocnemius tissue composition. Finally, we found plasma miR-199a-5p to be elevated in human PAD patients with intermittent claudication compared to a risk factor control population. Through our transformative analysis of endothelial mechano-signaling in response to a biomimetic amplified arteriogenesis flow waveform, we have identified miR-199a-5p as both a potent regulator of arteriogenesis and a putative target for treating PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Heuslein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Catherine M Gorick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephanie P McDonnell
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ji Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Mugge L, Mansour TR, Krafcik B, Mazur T, Floyd-Bradstock T, Medhkour A. Immunological, vascular, metabolic, and autonomic changes seen with aging possible implications for poor outcomes in the elderly following decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant MCA stroke: a critical review. J Neurosurg Sci 2018. [PMID: 29527887 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.18.04207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and requires rapid and intensive treatment to prevent adverse outcomes. Decompressive hemicraniectomy stands as the gold standard for surgical resolution of the intracranial swelling which accompanies cerebral infarction; however, the benefits of this procedure are not as well achieved in the elderly (age >65 years) compared to the younger population. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION This is a critical review performed on all available literature relating to middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke in the elderly with emphasis on articles examining causality of adverse outcomes in this group over younger populations. Utilizing PRISMA guidelines, we initially identified 1462 articles. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS After screening, four clear areas of physiological change associated with aging were identified and expounded upon as they relate to MCA stroke. These four areas include: immunological, autonomic, mitochondrial, and vascular changes. Elderly patients have a decreased and declining capacity to regulate the inflammation that develops postinfarction and this contributes to adverse outcomes from a neurological stand point. Additionally, aging decreases the ability of elderly patients to regulate their autonomic system resulting in aberrant blood pressures systemically post infarction. With age, the mitochondrial response to ischemia is exaggerated and causes greater local damage in elderly patients compared to younger populations. Finally, there are numerous vascular changes that occur with age including accumulation of homocysteine and atherosclerosis which together contributed to decreased structural integrity of the vasculature in the elderly and render decreased support to the recovery process post infarction. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that physiological changes inherent in the aging process serve to intensify adverse outcomes that are commonly associated with strokes in the elderly. Identification and subsequent minimization of these risk factors could allow for more effective management of elderly patients, post stroke, and promote better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Mugge
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Tarek R Mansour
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Brianna Krafcik
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Travis Mazur
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Tonya Floyd-Bradstock
- Interprofessional Immersive Simulation Center, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Azedine Medhkour
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA -
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Lee MY, Gamez-Mendez A, Zhang J, Zhuang Z, Vinyard DJ, Kraehling J, Velazquez H, Brudvig GW, Kyriakides TR, Simons M, Sessa WC. Endothelial Cell Autonomous Role of Akt1: Regulation of Vascular Tone and Ischemia-Induced Arteriogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:870-879. [PMID: 29449333 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The importance of PI3K/Akt signaling in the vasculature has been demonstrated in several models, as global loss of Akt1 results in impaired postnatal ischemia- and VEGF-induced angiogenesis. The ubiquitous expression of Akt1, however, raises the possibility of cell-type-dependent Akt1-driven actions, thereby necessitating tissue-specific characterization. APPROACH AND RESULTS Herein, we used an inducible, endothelial-specific Akt1-deleted adult mouse model (Akt1iECKO) to characterize the endothelial cell autonomous functions of Akt1 in the vascular system. Endothelial-targeted ablation of Akt1 reduces eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) phosphorylation and promotes both increased vascular contractility in isolated vessels and elevated diastolic blood pressures throughout the diurnal cycle in vivo. Furthermore, Akt1iECKO mice subject to the hindlimb ischemia model display impaired blood flow and decreased arteriogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial Akt1 signaling is necessary for ischemic resolution post-injury and likely reflects the consequence of NO insufficiency critical for vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Y Lee
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Ana Gamez-Mendez
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Zhenwu Zhuang
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - David J Vinyard
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Jan Kraehling
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Heino Velazquez
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Themis R Kyriakides
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Michael Simons
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - William C Sessa
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.).
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Heuslein JL, McDonnell SP, Song J, Annex BH, Price RJ. MicroRNA-146a Regulates Perfusion Recovery in Response to Arterial Occlusion via Arteriogenesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:1. [PMID: 29404323 PMCID: PMC5786509 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of endogenous collateral arteries that bypass arterial occlusion(s), or arteriogenesis, is a fundamental shear stress-induced adaptation with implications for treating peripheral arterial disease. MicroRNAs (miRs) are key regulators of gene expression in response to injury and have strong therapeutic potential. In a previous study, we identified miR-146a as a candidate regulator of vascular remodeling. Here, we tested whether miR-146a regulates in vitro angiogenic endothelial cell (EC) behaviors, as well as perfusion recovery, arteriogenesis, and angiogenesis in response to femoral arterial ligation (FAL) in vivo. We found miR-146a inhibition impaired EC tube formation and migration in vitro. Following FAL, Balb/c mice were treated with a single, intramuscular injection of anti-miR-146a or scramble locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligonucleotides directly into the non-ischemic gracilis muscles. Serial laser Doppler imaging demonstrated that anti-miR-146a treated mice exhibited significantly greater perfusion recovery (a 16% increase) compared mice treated with scramble LNA. Moreover, anti-miR-146a treated mice exhibited a 22% increase in collateral artery diameter compared to controls, while there was no significant effect on in vivo angiogenesis or muscle regeneration. Despite exerting no beneficial effects on angiogenesis, the inhibition of mechanosensitive miR-146a enhances perfusion recovery after FAL via enhanced arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Heuslein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Stephanie P McDonnell
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ji Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Brian H Annex
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Heuslein JL, Gorick CM, Song J, Price RJ. DNA Methyltransferase 1-Dependent DNA Hypermethylation Constrains Arteriogenesis by Augmenting Shear Stress Set Point. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.007673. [PMID: 29191807 PMCID: PMC5779061 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Arteriogenesis is initiated by increased shear stress and is thought to continue until shear stress is returned to its original “set point.” However, the molecular mechanism(s) through which shear stress set point is established by endothelial cells (ECs) are largely unstudied. Here, we tested the hypothesis that DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)–dependent EC DNA methylation affects arteriogenic capacity via adjustments to shear stress set point. Methods and Results In femoral artery ligation–operated C57BL/6 mice, collateral artery segments exposed to increased shear stress without a change in flow direction (ie, nonreversed flow) exhibited global DNA hypermethylation (increased 5‐methylcytosine staining intensity) and constrained arteriogenesis (30% less diameter growth) when compared with segments exposed to both an increase in shear stress and reversed‐flow direction. In vitro, ECs exposed to a flow waveform biomimetic of nonreversed collateral segments in vivo exhibited a 40% increase in DNMT1 expression, genome‐wide hypermethylation of gene promoters, and a DNMT1‐dependent 60% reduction in proarteriogenic monocyte adhesion compared with ECs exposed to a biomimetic reversed‐flow waveform. These results led us to test whether DNMT1 regulates arteriogenic capacity in vivo. In femoral artery ligation–operated mice, DNMT1 inhibition rescued arteriogenic capacity and returned shear stress back to its original set point in nonreversed collateral segments. Conclusions Increased shear stress without a change in flow direction initiates arteriogenic growth; however, it also elicits DNMT1‐dependent EC DNA hypermethylation. In turn, this diminishes mechanosensing, augments shear stress set point, and constrains the ultimate arteriogenic capacity of the vessel. This epigenetic effect could impact both endogenous collateralization and treatment of arterial occlusive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Heuslein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Catherine M Gorick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Ji Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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Rzechorzek W, Zhang H, Buckley BK, Hua K, Pomp D, Faber JE. Aerobic exercise prevents rarefaction of pial collaterals and increased stroke severity that occur with aging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3544-3555. [PMID: 28685617 PMCID: PMC5669350 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17718966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Variation in extent of the brain's collateral circulation is an important determinant of variation in the severity of stroke and efficacy of revascularization therapies. However, the number and diameter of pial collateral "arterioles" decrease with aging in associated with reduced eNOS and increased oxidative stress. We tested whether exercise reduces this aging-induced rarefaction. Twelve-month-old mice were randomized to sedentary or voluntary wheel-running. At 26 months' age, permanent MCA occlusion was followed 72 h later by determination of infarct volume and vascular casting after maximal dilation. The decline in collateral number and diameter and 2.4-fold increase in infarct volume evident in 26-versus 3-month-old sedentary mice were prevented by exercise-training. In contrast, number and diameter of the posterior communicating collateral "arteries" were unaffected by aging or exercise. Interestingly, diameter of the primary intracranial arteries increased with aging. Mechanistically, genetic overexpression of eNOS inhibited age-induced collateral rarefaction, and exercise increased eNOS and SOD2 and decreased the inflammatory marker NFkB assessed in hindlimb arteries. In conclusion, exercise prevented age-induced rarefaction of pial collaterals and reduced infarct volume. Aging also promoted outward remodeling of intracranial arteries. These effects were associated with increased eNOS and reduced markers of inflammation and aging in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Rzechorzek
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian K Buckley
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kunjie Hua
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Pomp
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James E Faber
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Ginsberg MD. The cerebral collateral circulation: Relevance to pathophysiology and treatment of stroke. Neuropharmacology 2017; 134:280-292. [PMID: 28801174 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The brain's collateral circulation consists of arterial anastomotic channels capable of providing nutrient perfusion to brain regions whose normal sources of flow have become compromised, as occurs in acute ischemic stroke. Modern CT-based neuroimaging is capable of providing detailed information as to collateral extent and sufficiency and is complemented by magnetic resonance-based methods. In the present era of standard-of-care IV thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke, and following the recent therapeutic successes of randomized clinical trials of acute endovascular intervention, the sufficiency of the collateral circulation has been convincingly established as a key factor influencing the likelihood of successful reperfusion and favorable clinical outcome. This article reviews the features of the brain's collateral circulation; methods for its evaluation in the acute clinical setting; the relevance of collateral circulation to prognosis in acute ischemic stroke; the specific insights into the collateral circulation learned from recent trials of endovascular intervention; and the major influence of genetic factors. Finally, we emphasize the need to develop therapeutic approaches to augment collateral perfusion as an adjunctive strategy to be employed along with, or prior to, thrombolysis and endovascular interventions, and we highlight the possible potential of inhaled nitric oxide, albumin, and other approaches. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Cerebral Ischemia'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myron D Ginsberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Room 1331, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Li L, Huang B, Song S, Sohun H, Rao Z, Tao L, Jin Q, Zeng J, Wu R, Ji K, Lin J, Wu L, Chu M. A20 functions as mediator in TNFα-induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through TAK1-dependent MAPK/eNOS pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65230-65239. [PMID: 29029426 PMCID: PMC5630326 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A20, a negative regulator of nuclear factor κB signaling, has been shown to attenuate atherosclerotic events. Transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) plays a critical role in TNFα-induced atherosclerosis via endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and NO reduction. In the study, we investigated the hypothesis that A20 protected endothelial cell injury induced by TNFα through modulating eNOS activity and TAK1 signalling. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated by TNFα. The impact of A20 on cell apoptosis, eNOS expression and NO production and related TAK1 pathway were detected. Both eNOS and NO production were remarkably reduced. TAK1, p38 MAPK phosphorylation and HUVECs apoptosis were enhanced after TNFα stimulation for 2 hrs. Inhibition of A20 significantly activated TAK1, p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and cell apoptosis, but blocked eNOS expression and NO production. Furthermore, p38 MAPK expression was suppressed by A20 over-expression, but re-enhanced by inhibiting A20 or activation of TAK1. Furtherly, TNFα-induced suppression of eNOS and NO production were largely prevented by silencing p38 MAPK. Collectively, our results suggested that A20-mediated TAK1 inactivation suppresses p38 MAPK and regulated MAPK/eNOS pathway, which contributes to endothelial cell survival and function preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | | | - Shiyang Song
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Hareshwaree Sohun
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhiheng Rao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Luyuan Tao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qike Jin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jingjing Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Rongzhou Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Kangting Ji
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jiafeng Lin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lianpin Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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Edgar KS, Galvin OM, Collins A, Katusic ZS, McDonald DM. BH4-Mediated Enhancement of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity Reduces Hyperoxia-Induced Endothelial Damage and Preserves Vascular Integrity in the Neonate. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:230-241. [PMID: 28114584 PMCID: PMC6039076 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) has important vasoprotective functions that are compromised in the vasodegenerative phase of retinopathy of prematurity, owing to hyperoxia-induced depletion of the essential NOS cofactor BH4. Because modulating eNOS function can be beneficial or detrimental, our aim was to investigate the effect of BH4 supplementation on eNOS function and vascular regression in hyperoxia. Methods Endothelial-specific eNOS-green fluorescent protein (GFP) overexpressing mice at postnatal day 7 (P7) were exposed to hyperoxia for 48 hours in the presence or absence of supplemental BH4, achieved by administration of sepiapterin, a stable BH4 precursor. Tissue was collected either for retinal flat mounts that were stained with lectin to determine the extent of vessel coverage or for analysis of BH4 by high-performance liquid chromatography, nitrotyrosine (NT) marker by Western blotting, VEGF expression by ELISA, and NOS activity by arginine-to-citrulline conversion. Primary retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMEC) were similarly treated, and hyperoxia-induced damage was determined. Results Sepiapterin effectively enhanced BH4 levels in hyperoxia-exposed retinas and brains, elevated NOS activity, and reduced NT-modified protein, leading to reversal of the exacerbated vasoregression observed in the presence of eNOS overexpression. In RMECs, hyperoxia-mediated depletion of BH4 dysregulated the redox balance by reducing nitrite and elevating superoxide and impaired proliferative ability. BH4 supplementation restored normal RMEC proliferation in vitro and also in vivo, providing a mechanistic link with the enhanced vascular coverage in eNOS-GFP retinas. Conclusions These results demonstrate that BH4 supplementation corrects hyperoxia-induced RMEC dysfunction and preserves vascular integrity by enhancing eNOS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S. Edgar
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Orla M. Galvin
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Collins
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Zvonimir S. Katusic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, United States
| | - Denise M. McDonald
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
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Faber JE, Moore SM, Lucitti JL, Aghajanian A, Zhang H. Sex Differences in the Cerebral Collateral Circulation. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 8:273-283. [PMID: 27844273 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Premenopausal women and intact female rodents sustain smaller cerebral infarctions than males. Several sex-dependent differences have been identified as potential contributors, but many questions remain unanswered. Mice exhibit wide variation in native collateral number and diameter (collateral extent) that is dependent on differences in genetic background, aging, and other comorbidities and that contributes to their also-wide differences in infarct volume. Likewise, variation in infarct volume correlates with differences in collateral-dependent blood flow in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We examined whether extent of pial collateral arterioles and posterior communicating collateral arteries (PComAs) differ depending on sex in young, aged, obese, hypertensive, and genetically different mice. We combined new data with meta-analysis of our previously published data. Females of C57BL/6J (B6) and BALB/cByJ (BC) strains sustained smaller infarctions than males after permanent MCA occlusion. This protection was unchanged in BC mice after introgression of the B6 allele of Dce1, the major genetic determinant of variation in pial collaterals among mouse strains. Consistent with this, collateral extent in these and other strains did not differ with sex. Extent of PComAs and primary cerebral arteries also did not vary with sex. No dimorphism was evident for loss of pial collateral number and/or diameter (collateral rarefaction) caused by aging, obesity, and hypertension, nor for collateral remodeling after pMCAO. However, rarefaction was greater in females with long-standing hypertension. We conclude that smaller infarct volume in female mice is not due to greater collateral extent, greater remodeling, or less rarefaction caused by aging, obesity, or hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Faber
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Scott M Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Lucitti
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Amir Aghajanian
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Yuan S, Kevil CG. Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Regulation of Ischemic Vascular Remodeling. Microcirculation 2016; 23:134-45. [PMID: 26381654 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Blockage or restriction of blood flow through conduit arteries results in tissue ischemia downstream of the disturbed area. Local tissues can adapt to this challenge by stimulating vascular remodeling through angiogenesis and arteriogenesis thereby restoring blood perfusion and removal of wastes. Multiple molecular mechanisms of vascular remodeling during ischemia have been identified and extensively studied. However, therapeutic benefits from these findings and insights are limited due to the complexity of various signaling networks and a lack of understanding central metabolic regulators governing these responses. The gasotransmitters NO and H2 S have emerged as master regulators that influence multiple molecular targets necessary for ischemic vascular remodeling. In this review, we discuss how NO and H2 S are individually regulated under ischemia, what their roles are in angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, and how their interaction controls ischemic vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Departments of Pathology, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Departments of Pathology, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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50
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Lu ZY, Li RL, Zhou HS, Huang JJ, Su ZX, Qi J, Zhang L, Li Y, Shi YQ, Hao CN, Duan JL. Therapeutic ultrasound reverses peripheral ischemia in type 2 diabetic mice through PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathway. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3666-3677. [PMID: 27725849 PMCID: PMC5040667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) has been demonstrated to improve endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, which played a crucial role in the regulation of angiogenesis. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) impairs eNOS activity. We tested the hypothesis that DM may retard unilateral hindlimb ischemia-induced angiogenesis by inhibiting eNOS in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice, and that TUS may reverse DM-related impairment of angiogenesis. C57BL/6 mice were allocated to four groups: (A) mice were fed standard diet (control); (B) mice were fed standard diet and treated with TUS (control+TUS); (C) type-2 DM mice were induced by HFD/STZ (diabetic); and (D) type-2 DM mice and treated with TUS (dabetic+TUS). All mice were surgically induced unilateral limb ischemia. The ischemic skeletal muscles in groups B and D were irradiated with extracorporeal TUS for 9 minutes/day (frequency of 1 MHz, intensity of 0.3 W/cm2) for 14 consecutive days. The result showed that TUS augmented the blood perfusion, increased capillary density accompanied by an upregulation of angiogenic factors and a downregulation of apoptotic proteins in group D relative to group C. In vitro, TUS inhibited the apoptosis, promoted tubule formation, proliferation and migration capacities, increased angiogenic factors expression and reduced apoptotic protein levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, TUS can robust reverse the inhibiting effect induced by high glucose (HG) on HUVECs, and these benefits could be blocked by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) or eNOS inhibitor (L-NAME). Together, TUS restored type-2 DM-mediated inhibition of ischemia-induced angiogenesis, partially via PI3K-Akt-eNOS signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Lu
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineKongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineDongfang Road 1630, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Rui-Lin Li
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineKongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineDongfang Road 1630, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Zhou
- Shanghai Acoustics Laboratory, Chinese Academy of ScienceXiaomuqiao Road 456, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing-Juan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityHuaihai Xi Road 241, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhi-Xiao Su
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineKongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia Qi
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineKongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineDongfang Road 1630, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carve College of Medicine 2000 Medical Laboratories25 South Grand Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yi-Qin Shi
- Department of Nephrology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityFenglin Road 180, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chang-Ning Hao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineDongfang Road 1630, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jun-Li Duan
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineKongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai 200092, China
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