1
|
Jang J, Accornero F, Li D. Epigenetic determinants and non-myocardial signaling pathways contributing to heart growth and regeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 257:108638. [PMID: 38548089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect worldwide. Defective cardiac myogenesis is either a major presentation or associated with many types of congenital heart disease. Non-myocardial tissues, including endocardium and epicardium, function as a supporting hub for myocardial growth and maturation during heart development. Recent research findings suggest an emerging role of epigenetics in nonmyocytes supporting myocardial development. Understanding how growth signaling pathways in non-myocardial tissues are regulated by epigenetic factors will likely identify new disease mechanisms for congenital heart diseases and shed lights for novel therapeutic strategies for heart regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Jang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Deqiang Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guadix JA, Ruiz-Villalba A, Pérez-Pomares JM. Congenital Coronary Blood Vessel Anomalies: Animal Models and the Integration of Developmental Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:817-831. [PMID: 38884751 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Coronary blood vessels are in charge of sustaining cardiac homeostasis. It is thus logical that coronary congenital anomalies (CCA) directly or indirectly associate with multiple cardiac conditions, including sudden death. The coronary vascular system is a sophisticated, highly patterned anatomical entity, and therefore a wide range of congenital malformations of the coronary vasculature have been described. Despite the clinical interest of CCA, very few attempts have been made to relate specific embryonic developmental mechanisms to the congenital anomalies of these blood vessels. This is so because developmental data on the morphogenesis of the coronary vascular system derive from complex studies carried out in animals (mostly transgenic mice), and are not often accessible to the clinician, who, in turn, possesses essential information on the significance of CCA. During the last decade, advances in our understanding of normal embryonic development of coronary blood vessels have provided insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying coronary arteries anomalies. These findings are the base for our attempt to offer plausible embryological explanations to a variety of CCA as based on the analysis of multiple animal models for the study of cardiac embryogenesis, and present them in an organized manner, offering to the reader developmental mechanistic explanations for the pathogenesis of these anomalies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Guadix
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Adrián Ruiz-Villalba
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - José M Pérez-Pomares
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
van Asten JGM, Latorre M, Karakaya C, Baaijens FPT, Sahlgren CM, Ristori T, Humphrey JD, Loerakker S. A multiscale computational model of arterial growth and remodeling including Notch signaling. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:1569-1588. [PMID: 37024602 PMCID: PMC10511605 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels grow and remodel in response to mechanical stimuli. Many computational models capture this process phenomenologically, by assuming stress homeostasis, but this approach cannot unravel the underlying cellular mechanisms. Mechano-sensitive Notch signaling is well-known to be key in vascular development and homeostasis. Here, we present a multiscale framework coupling a constrained mixture model, capturing the mechanics and turnover of arterial constituents, to a cell-cell signaling model, describing Notch signaling dynamics among vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) as influenced by mechanical stimuli. Tissue turnover was regulated by both Notch activity, informed by in vitro data, and a phenomenological contribution, accounting for mechanisms other than Notch. This novel framework predicted changes in wall thickness and arterial composition in response to hypertension similar to previous in vivo data. The simulations suggested that Notch contributes to arterial growth in hypertension mainly by promoting SMC proliferation, while other mechanisms are needed to fully capture remodeling. The results also indicated that interventions to Notch, such as external Jagged ligands, can alter both the geometry and composition of hypertensive vessels, especially in the short term. Overall, our model enables a deeper analysis of the role of Notch and Notch interventions in arterial growth and remodeling and could be adopted to investigate therapeutic strategies and optimize vascular regeneration protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordy G M van Asten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marcos Latorre
- Center for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Cansu Karakaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Frank P T Baaijens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia M Sahlgren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi, Turku, Finland
| | - Tommaso Ristori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sandra Loerakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moazzen H, Bolaji MD, Leube RE. Desmosomes in Cell Fate Determination: From Cardiogenesis to Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2023; 12:2122. [PMID: 37681854 PMCID: PMC10487268 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes play a vital role in providing structural integrity to tissues that experience significant mechanical tension, including the heart. Deficiencies in desmosomal proteins lead to the development of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC). The limited availability of preventative measures in clinical settings underscores the pressing need to gain a comprehensive understanding of desmosomal proteins not only in cardiomyocytes but also in non-myocyte residents of the heart, as they actively contribute to the progression of cardiomyopathy. This review focuses specifically on the impact of desmosome deficiency on epi- and endocardial cells. We highlight the intricate cross-talk between desmosomal proteins mutations and signaling pathways involved in the regulation of epicardial cell fate transition. We further emphasize that the consequences of desmosome deficiency differ between the embryonic and adult heart leading to enhanced erythropoiesis during heart development and enhanced fibrogenesis in the mature heart. We suggest that triggering epi-/endocardial cells and fibroblasts that are in different "states" involve the same pathways but lead to different pathological outcomes. Understanding the details of the different responses must be considered when developing interventions and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Moazzen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.D.B.); (R.E.L.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ye S, Wang C, Xu Z, Lin H, Wan X, Yu Y, Adhicary S, Zhang JZ, Zhou Y, Liu C, Alonzo M, Bi J, Ramirez-Navarro A, Deschenes I, Ma Q, Garg V, Wu JC, Zhao MT. Impaired Human Cardiac Cell Development due to NOTCH1 Deficiency. Circ Res 2023; 132:187-204. [PMID: 36583388 PMCID: PMC9852089 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NOTCH1 pathogenic variants are implicated in multiple types of congenital heart defects including hypoplastic left heart syndrome, where the left ventricle is underdeveloped. It is unknown how NOTCH1 regulates human cardiac cell lineage determination and cardiomyocyte proliferation. In addition, mechanisms by which NOTCH1 pathogenic variants lead to ventricular hypoplasia in hypoplastic left heart syndrome remain elusive. METHODS CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 genome editing was utilized to delete NOTCH1 in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cardiac differentiation was carried out by sequential modulation of WNT signaling, and NOTCH1 knockout and wild-type differentiating cells were collected at day 0, 2, 5, 10, 14, and 30 for single-cell RNA-seq. RESULTS Human NOTCH1 knockout induced pluripotent stem cells are able to generate functional cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, suggesting that NOTCH1 is not required for mesoderm differentiation and cardiovascular development in vitro. However, disruption of NOTCH1 blocks human ventricular-like cardiomyocyte differentiation but promotes atrial-like cardiomyocyte generation through shortening the action potential duration. NOTCH1 deficiency leads to defective proliferation of early human cardiomyocytes, and transcriptomic analysis indicates that pathways involved in cell cycle progression and mitosis are downregulated in NOTCH1 knockout cardiomyocytes. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals abnormal cell lineage determination of cardiac mesoderm, which is manifested by the biased differentiation toward epicardial and second heart field progenitors at the expense of first heart field progenitors in NOTCH1 knockout cell populations. CONCLUSIONS NOTCH1 is essential for human ventricular-like cardiomyocyte differentiation and proliferation through balancing cell fate determination of cardiac mesoderm and modulating cell cycle progression. Because first heart field progenitors primarily contribute to the left ventricle, we speculate that pathogenic NOTCH1 variants lead to biased differentiation of first heart field progenitors, blocked ventricular-like cardiomyocyte differentiation, and defective cardiomyocyte proliferation, which collaboratively contribute to left ventricular hypoplasia in hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiao Ye
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Cankun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics (C.W., Q.M.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics (Z.X., V.G., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (Z.X.)
| | - Hui Lin
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (X.W., A.R.-N., I.D., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Subhodip Adhicary
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Joe Z. Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (J.Z.Z., Y.Z., C.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China (J.Z.Z.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (J.Z.Z., Y.Z., C.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (J.Z.Z., Y.Z., C.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Matthew Alonzo
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Jianli Bi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Angelina Ramirez-Navarro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (X.W., A.R.-N., I.D., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Isabelle Deschenes
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (X.W., A.R.-N., I.D., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics (C.W., Q.M.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,Department of Pediatrics (Z.X., V.G., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (J.Z.Z., Y.Z., C.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Department of Radiology (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,Department of Pediatrics (Z.X., V.G., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (X.W., A.R.-N., I.D., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Transgenic Mouse Models to Study the Development and Maintenance of the Adrenal Cortex. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214388. [PMID: 36430866 PMCID: PMC9693478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cortex of the adrenal gland is organized into concentric zones that produce distinct steroid hormones essential for body homeostasis in mammals. Mechanisms leading to the development, zonation and maintenance of the adrenal cortex are complex and have been studied since the 1800s. However, the advent of genetic manipulation and transgenic mouse models over the past 30 years has revolutionized our understanding of these mechanisms. This review lists and details the distinct Cre recombinase mouse strains available to study the adrenal cortex, and the remarkable progress total and conditional knockout mouse models have enabled us to make in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the development and maintenance of the adrenal cortex.
Collapse
|
7
|
Healing the Broken Hearts: A Glimpse on Next Generation Therapeutics. HEARTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hearts3040013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 32% of deaths globally and thus representing almost 18 million people according to WHO. Myocardial infarction, the most prevalent adult cardiovascular pathology, affects over half a million people in the USA according to the last records of the AHA. However, not only adult cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent diseases in adulthood, but congenital heart diseases also affect 0.8–1.2% of all births, accounting for mild developmental defects such as atrial septal defects to life-threatening pathologies such as tetralogy of Fallot or permanent common trunk that, if not surgically corrected in early postnatal days, they are incompatible with life. Therefore, both congenital and adult cardiovascular diseases represent an enormous social and economic burden that invariably demands continuous efforts to understand the causes of such cardiovascular defects and develop innovative strategies to correct and/or palliate them. In the next paragraphs, we aim to briefly account for our current understanding of the cellular bases of both congenital and adult cardiovascular diseases, providing a perspective of the plausible lines of action that might eventually result in increasing our understanding of cardiovascular diseases. This analysis will come out with the building blocks for designing novel and innovative therapeutic approaches to healing the broken hearts.
Collapse
|
8
|
Deletion of Wt1 during early gonadogenesis leads to differences of sex development in male and female adult mice. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010240. [PMID: 35704566 PMCID: PMC9200307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the role of the WT1 transcription factor (WT1) during early gonad differentiation and its impact on adult sex development has been difficult due to the complete gonadal agenesis and embryonic lethality exhibited by Wt1KO mouse models. Here, we generated Wt1LoxP/GFP;Wt1Cre mice, the first Wt1KO mouse model that reaches adulthood with a dramatically reduced Wt1 expression during early gonadogenesis. Wt1LoxP/GFP;Wt1Cre mice lacked mature gonads and displayed genital tracts containing both male and female genital structures and ambiguous genitalia. We found that WT1 is necessary for the activation of both male and female sex-determining pathways, as embryonic mutant gonads failed to upregulate the expression of the genes specific for each genetic programme. The gonads of Wt1LoxP/GFP;Wt1Cre mice showed a lack of production of Sertoli and pre-granulosa cells and a reduced number of germ cells. NR5A1 and the steroidogenic genes expression was modulated differently in XY and XX Wt1LoxP/GFP;Wt1Cre gonads, explaining the mutant phenotypes. Further studies of the XX Wt1LoxP/GFP;Wt1Cre gonads revealed that deletion of WT1 at an early stage impaired the differentiation of several cell types including somatic cells and the ovarian epithelium. Through the characterisation of this Wt1KO mouse model, we show that the deletion of Wt1 during early gonadogenesis produces dramatic defects in adult sex development. The WT1 transcription factor (WT1) is a protein expressed during gonad development. WT1 mutations have been reported in several human conditions in which patients present a variable range of genital malformations varying from ambiguous external genitalia to gonadal dysgenesis. Mouse models in which Wt1 has been deleted indicate that WT1 has a critical role in early gonadogenesis. However, assessing the role of this protein in early gonad formation and its impact on adult sex development has been difficult due to the complete gonadal agenesis or embryonic lethality observed in these mouse models. Here, we describe a new genetically engineered mouse model in which Wt1 expression is deleted from an early stage in gonad formation. The analyses of these mice revealed the importance of Wt1 for early gonad differentiation and the impact of its early deletion on the formation of the adult reproductive system. Adult mutant mice lacked mature gonads, with both XX and XY mutants displaying genital tracts containing both male and female structures as well as ambiguous external genitalia. Notably, mutant gonads remained in an undifferentiated stage, indicating that WT1 is important for the differentiation of different populations of progenitor cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pogontke C, Guadix JA, Sánchez-Tévar AM, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Ruiz-Villalba A, Pérez-Pomares JM. Dynamic Epicardial Contribution to Cardiac Interstitial c-Kit and Sca1 Cellular Fractions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:864765. [PMID: 35706902 PMCID: PMC9189417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.864765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The cardiac interstitial cellular fraction is composed of multiple cell types. Some of these cells are known to express some well-known stem cell markers such as c-Kit and Sca1, but they are no longer accepted to be true cardiac stem cells. Although their existence in the cardiac interstitium has not been disputed, their dynamic throughout development, specific embryonic origin, and potential heterogeneity remain unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that both c-KitPOS and Sca1POS cardiac interstitial cell (CIC) subpopulations are related to the Wilms’ tumor 1 (Wt1) epicardial lineage. Methods: In this study, we have used genetic cell lineage tracing methods, immunohistochemistry, and FACS techniques to characterize cardiac c-KitPOS and Sca1POS cells. Results: Our data show that approximately 50% of cardiac c-KitPOS cells are derived from the Wt1-lineage at E15.5. This subpopulation decreased along with embryonic development, disappearing from P7 onwards. We found that a large proportion of cardiac c-KitPOS cells express specific markers strongly suggesting they are blood-borne cells. On the contrary, the percentage of Sca1POS cells within the Wt1-lineage increases postnatally. In accordance with these findings, 90% of adult epicardial-derived endothelial cells and 60% of mEFSK4POS cardiac fibroblasts expressed Sca1. Conclusion: Our study revealed a minor contribution of the Wt1-epicardial lineage to c-KitPOS CIC from embryonic stages to adulthood. Remarkably, a major part of the adult epicardial-derived cell fraction is enriched in Sca1, suggesting that this subpopulation of CICs is heterogeneous from their embryonic origin. The study of this heterogeneity can be instrumental to the development of diagnostic and prognostic tests for the evaluation of cardiac homeostasis and cardiac interstitium response to pathologic stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Pogontke
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - J. A. Guadix
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - A. M. Sánchez-Tévar
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - R. Muñoz-Chápuli
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - A. Ruiz-Villalba
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- *Correspondence: A. Ruiz-Villalba, ; J. M. Pérez-Pomares,
| | - J. M. Pérez-Pomares
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- *Correspondence: A. Ruiz-Villalba, ; J. M. Pérez-Pomares,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wiesinger A, Boink GJJ, Christoffels VM, Devalla HD. Retinoic acid signaling in heart development: Application in the differentiation of cardiovascular lineages from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2589-2606. [PMID: 34653403 PMCID: PMC8581056 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) signaling plays an important role during heart development in establishing anteroposterior polarity, formation of inflow and outflow tract progenitors, and growth of the ventricular compact wall. RA is also utilized as a key ingredient in protocols designed for generating cardiac cell types from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). This review discusses the role of RA in cardiogenesis, currently available protocols that employ RA for differentiation of various cardiovascular lineages, and plausible transcriptional mechanisms underlying this fate specification. These insights will inform further development of desired cardiac cell types from human PSCs and their application in preclinical and clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wiesinger
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard J J Boink
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harsha D Devalla
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moazzen H, Venger K, Kant S, Leube RE, Krusche CA. Desmoglein 2 regulates cardiogenesis by restricting hematopoiesis in the developing murine heart. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21687. [PMID: 34737300 PMCID: PMC8569146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac morphogenesis relies on intricate intercellular signaling. Altered signaling impacts cardiac function and is detrimental to embryonic survival. Here we report an unexpected regulatory role of the desmosomal cell adhesion molecule desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) on murine heart development. A large percentage of Dsg2-mutant embryos develop pericardial hemorrhage. Lethal myocardial rupture is occasionally observed, which is not associated with loss of cardiomyocyte contact but with expansion of abnormal, non-myocyte cell clusters within the myocardial wall. Two types of abnormal cell clusters can be distinguished: Type A clusters involve endocard-associated, round-shaped CD31+ cells, which proliferate and invade the myocardium. They acquire Runx1- and CD44-positivity indicating a shift towards a hematopoietic phenotype. Type B clusters expand subepicardially and next to type A clusters. They consist primarily of Ter119+ erythroid cells with interspersed Runx1+/CD44+ cells suggesting that they originate from type A cell clusters. The observed pericardial hemorrhage is caused by migration of erythrocytes from type B clusters through the epicardium and rupture of the altered cardiac wall. Finally, evidence is presented that structural defects of Dsg2-depleted cardiomyocytes are primary to the observed pathogenesis. We propose that cardiomyocyte-driven paracrine signaling, which likely involves Notch1, directs subsequent trans-differentiation of endo- and epicardial cells. Together, our observations uncover a hitherto unknown regulatory role of Dsg2 in cardiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Moazzen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kateryna Venger
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kant
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Claudia A Krusche
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Díaz Del Moral S, Barrena S, Hernández-Torres F, Aránega A, Villaescusa JM, Gómez Doblas JJ, Franco D, Jiménez-Navarro M, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Carmona R. Deletion of the Wilms' Tumor Suppressor Gene in the Cardiac Troponin-T Lineage Reveals Novel Functions of WT1 in Heart Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683861. [PMID: 34368133 PMCID: PMC8339973 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of Wilms’ tumor suppressor transcription factor (WT1) in the embryonic epicardium is essential for cardiac development, but its myocardial expression is little known. We have found that WT1 is expressed at low levels in 20–25% of the embryonic cardiomyocytes. Conditional ablation of WT1 using a cardiac troponin T driver (Tnnt2Cre) caused abnormal sinus venosus and atrium development, lack of pectinate muscles, thin ventricular myocardium and, in some cases, interventricular septum and cardiac wall defects, ventricular diverticula and aneurisms. Coronary development was normal and there was not embryonic lethality, although survival of adult mutant mice was reduced probably due to perinatal mortality. Adult mutant mice showed electrocardiographic anomalies, including increased RR and QRS intervals, and decreased PR intervals. RNASeq analysis identified differential expression of 137 genes in the E13.5 mutant heart as compared to controls. GO functional enrichment analysis suggested that both calcium ion regulation and modulation of potassium channels are deeply altered in the mutant myocardium. In summary, together with its essential function in the embryonic epicardium, myocardial WT1 expression is also required for normal cardiac development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Barrena
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernández-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia Aránega
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - José Manuel Villaescusa
- Heart Area Clinical Management Unit, University Hosp tal Virgen de la Victoria, CIBERCV Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Health Institute Carlos III, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan José Gómez Doblas
- Heart Area Clinical Management Unit, University Hosp tal Virgen de la Victoria, CIBERCV Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Health Institute Carlos III, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Manuel Jiménez-Navarro
- Heart Area Clinical Management Unit, University Hosp tal Virgen de la Victoria, CIBERCV Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Health Institute Carlos III, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Rita Carmona
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The role of DNA methylation in syndromic and non-syndromic congenital heart disease. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:93. [PMID: 33902696 PMCID: PMC8077695 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common structural birth defect worldwide, and defects typically occur in the walls and valves of the heart or enlarged blood vessels. Chromosomal abnormalities and genetic mutations only account for a small portion of the pathogenic mechanisms of CHD, and the etiology of most cases remains unknown. The role of epigenetics in various diseases, including CHD, has attracted increased attention. The contributions of DNA methylation, one of the most important epigenetic modifications, to CHD have not been illuminated. Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant DNA methylation is related to CHD. Here, we briefly introduce DNA methylation and CHD and then review the DNA methylation profiles during cardiac development and in CHD, abnormalities in maternal genome-wide DNA methylation patterns are also described. Whole genome methylation profile and important differentially methylated genes identified in recent years are summarized and clustered according to the sample type and methodologies. Finally, we discuss the novel technology for and prospects of CHD-related DNA methylation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Inhibition of Notch Signaling Promotes the Differentiation of Epicardial Progenitor Cells into Adipocytes. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8859071. [PMID: 33897781 PMCID: PMC8052169 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8859071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of Notch signaling pathway in the differentiation of epicardial progenitor cells (EPCs) into adipocytes is unclear. The objective is to investigate the effects of Notch signaling on the differentiation of EPCs into adipocytes. Methods Frozen sections of C57BL/6J mouse hearts were used to observe epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), and genetic lineage methods were used to trace EPCs. EPCs were cultured in adipogenic induction medium with Notch ligand jagged-1 or γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT. The adipocyte markers, Notch signaling, and adipogenesis transcription factors were determined. Results There was EAT located at the atrial-ventricular groove in mouse. By using genetic lineage tracing methods, we found that EPCs were a source of epicardial adipocytes. EPCs had lipid droplet accumulation, and the expression of adipocyte markers FABP-4 and perilipin-1 was upregulated under adipogenic induction. Activating the Notch signaling with jagged-1 attenuated the adipogenic differentiation of EPCs and downregulated the key adipogenesis transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), while inhibiting the signaling promoted adipogenic differentiation and upregulated PPAR-γ. When blocking PPAR-γ, the role of Notch signaling in promoting adipogenic differentiation was inhibited. Conclusions EPCs are a source of epicardial adipocytes. Downregulation of the Notch signaling pathway promotes the differentiation of EPCs into adipocytes via PPAR-γ.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ristori T, Sjöqvist M, Sahlgren CM. Ex Vivo Models to Decipher the Molecular Mechanisms of Genetic Notch Cardiovascular Disorders. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:167-176. [PMID: 33403934 PMCID: PMC7984653 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch is an evolutionary, conserved, cell-cell signaling pathway that is central to several biological processes, from tissue morphogenesis to homeostasis. It is therefore not surprising that several genetic mutations of Notch components cause inherited human diseases, especially cardiovascular disorders. Despite numerous efforts, current in vivo models are still insufficient to unravel the underlying mechanisms of these pathologies, hindering the development of utmost needed medical therapies. In this perspective review, we discuss the limitations of current murine models and outline how the combination of microphysiological systems (MPSs) and targeted computational models can lead to breakthroughs in this field. In particular, while MPSs enable the experimentation on human cells in controlled and physiological environments, in silico models can provide a versatile tool to translate the in vitro findings to the more complex in vivo setting. As a showcase example, we focus on Notch-related cardiovascular diseases, such as Alagille syndrome, Adams-Oliver syndrome, and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Impact statement In this review, a comprehensive overview of the limitations of current in vivo models of genetic Notch cardiovascular diseases is provided, followed by a discussion over the potential of microphysiological systems and computational models in overcoming these limitations and in potentiating drug testing and modeling of these pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Ristori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marika Sjöqvist
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Cecilia M. Sahlgren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Lu P, Jiang L, Wu B, Zhou B. Control of sinus venous valve and sinoatrial node development by endocardial NOTCH1. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1473-1486. [PMID: 31591643 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sinus venous valve (SVV) and sinoatrial node (SAN) develop together at the sinoatrial junction during embryogenesis. SVV ensures unidirectional cardiac input and SAN generates sinus rhythmic contraction, respectively; both functions are essential for embryonic survival. We aim to reveal the potential role of endocardial NOTCH signalling in SVV and SAN formation. METHODS AND RESULTS We specifically deleted Notch1 in the endocardium using an Nfatc1Cre line. This deletion resulted in underdeveloped SVV and SAN, associated with reduced expression of T-box transcription factors, Tbx5 andTbx18, which are essential for the formation of SVV and SAN. The deletion also led to decreased expression of Wnt2 in myocardium of SVV and SAN. WNT2 treatment was able to rescue the growth defect of SVV and SAN resulted from the Notch1 deletion in whole embryo cultures. Furthermore, the Notch1 deletion reduced the expression of Nrg1 in the SVV myocardium and supplement of NRG1 restored the growth of SVV in cultured Notch1 knockout embryos. CONCLUSION Our findings support that endocardial NOTCH1 controls the development of SVV and SAN by coordinating myocardial WNT and NRG1 signalling functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, China.,Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Paediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.,Department of Cardiology of First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Burke RM, Burgos Villar KN, Small EM. Fibroblast contributions to ischemic cardiac remodeling. Cell Signal 2021; 77:109824. [PMID: 33144186 PMCID: PMC7718345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The heart can respond to increased pathophysiological demand through alterations in tissue structure and function 1 . This process, called cardiac remodeling, is particularly evident following myocardial infarction (MI), where the blockage of a coronary artery leads to widespread death of cardiac muscle. Following MI, necrotic tissue is replaced with extracellular matrix (ECM), and the remaining viable cardiomyocytes (CMs) undergo hypertrophic growth. ECM deposition and cardiac hypertrophy are thought to represent an adaptive response to increase structural integrity and prevent cardiac rupture. However, sustained ECM deposition leads to the formation of a fibrotic scar that impedes cardiac compliance and can induce lethal arrhythmias. Resident cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are considered the primary source of ECM molecules such as collagens and fibronectin, particularly after becoming activated by pathologic signals. CFs contribute to multiple phases of post-MI heart repair and remodeling, including the initial response to CM death, immune cell (IC) recruitment, and fibrotic scar formation. The goal of this review is to describe how resident fibroblasts contribute to the healing and remodeling that occurs after MI, with an emphasis on how fibroblasts communicate with other cell types in the healing infarct scar 1 –6 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Burke
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Kimberly N Burgos Villar
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Eric M Small
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Forte E, Daigle S, Rosenthal NA. Protocol for Isolation of Cardiac Interstitial Cells from Adult Murine Hearts for Unbiased Single Cell Profiling. STAR Protoc 2020; 1:100077. [PMID: 33000003 PMCID: PMC7501728 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cells have a crucial role in cardiac fibrosis and repair of the mammalian heart. Single-cell profiling using droplet-based technology has revolutionized the investigation of cell states and identities. Here, we present a protocol for the efficient isolation of high-quality live nucleated non-cardiomyocytes from adult murine heart, for unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing using 10× Chromium technology. This protocol has been applied to homeostatic and injured hearts from different mouse strains. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Forte et al. (2020). The protocol is optimized to isolate interstitial cells from adult murine hearts Dead cell removal and live nucleated selection maximize cells capture for scRNA-seq The protocol has been used for different mice strains, pre and post ischemic injury The combination of DRAQ5 and PI is compatible with green reporter mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Forte
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, 04609 Maine, USA
| | - Sandra Daigle
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, 04609 Maine, USA
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, 04609 Maine, USA.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, SW72BX London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Andrés-Delgado L, Galardi-Castilla M, Münch J, Peralta M, Ernst A, González-Rosa JM, Tessadori F, Santamaría L, Bakkers J, Vermot J, de la Pompa JL, Mercader N. Notch and Bmp signaling pathways act coordinately during the formation of the proepicardium. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1455-1469. [PMID: 33103836 PMCID: PMC7754311 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epicardium is the outer mesothelial layer of the heart. It encloses the myocardium and plays key roles in heart development and regeneration. It derives from the proepicardium (PE), cell clusters that appear in the dorsal pericardium (DP) close to the atrioventricular canal and the venous pole of the heart, and are released into the pericardial cavity. PE cells are advected around the beating heart until they attach to the myocardium. Bmp and Notch signaling influence PE formation, but it is unclear how both signaling pathways interact during this process in the zebrafish. RESULTS Here, we show that the developing PE is influenced by Notch signaling derived from the endothelium. Overexpression of the intracellular receptor of notch in the endothelium enhances bmp expression, increases the number of pSmad1/5 positive cells in the DP and PE, and enhances PE formation. On the contrary, pharmacological inhibition of Notch1 impairs PE formation. bmp2b overexpression can rescue loss of PE formation in the presence of a Notch1 inhibitor, but Notch gain-of-function could not recover PE formation in the absence of Bmp signaling. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial Notch signaling activates bmp expression in the heart tube, which in turn induces PE cluster formation from the DP layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andrés-Delgado
- Development of the Epicardium and its Role During Regeneration Laboratory, National Center of Cardiovascular Research Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Galardi-Castilla
- Development of the Epicardium and its Role During Regeneration Laboratory, National Center of Cardiovascular Research Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliane Münch
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, National Center of Cardiovascular Research Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber CV, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marina Peralta
- Development of the Epicardium and its Role During Regeneration Laboratory, National Center of Cardiovascular Research Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Australian Regenerative Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Juan Manuel González-Rosa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Luis Santamaría
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, National Center of Cardiovascular Research Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber CV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Development of the Epicardium and its Role During Regeneration Laboratory, National Center of Cardiovascular Research Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shi X, Liu J, Wu J, Hua Y, Zhou K, Li Y. Hypoplastic coronary arteries in a child with a mutation in Notch1: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21355. [PMID: 32871987 PMCID: PMC7437781 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Coronary artery abnormalities are usually of major significance in clinical cardiology and cardiac surgery departments due to associated myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. Among them, anatomical malformations account for most coronary artery abnormalities. However, hypoplasia of the coronary artery is a rare type of coronary artery without any genetic screening information. PATIENT CONCERNS A 10-year-old boy suffered severe chest pain, and a subsequent syncope occurred. DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION The boy complained of significant chest pain with syncope. Computerized tomography (CT) angiography scanning showed that the left coronary artery was dominated by abnormal origins and dramatically narrow artery lesions. Moreover, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed myocardial ischemia. Cardiac catheterization confirmed that this was an extremely rare hypoplastic coronary case. Finally, a mutation was identified in NOTCH1 c.1023C>A for the first time. OUTCOMES The boy was discharged after completing all examinations and was forbidden to play any kind of sport activity while waiting for heart transplantation. LESSONS Hypoplastic coronary artery diseases have only been reported within very limited cases. This is the only report that has identified hypoplasia in 3 epicardial major coronary arteries. In addition, this is the first case to provide evidence between NOTCH1 genetic disorder and hypoplastic coronary artery disease in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinlin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yimin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaiyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Andrés-Delgado L, Galardi-Castilla M, Mercader N, Santamaría L. Analysis of wt1a reporter line expression levels during proepicardium formation in the zebrafish. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1035-1046. [PMID: 32633330 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The epicardium is the outer mesothelial layer of the heart. It covers the myocardium and plays important roles in both heart development and regeneration. It is derived from the proepicardium (PE), groups of cells that emerges at early developmental stages from the dorsal pericardial layer (DP) close to the atrio-ventricular canal and the venous pole of the heart-tube. In zebrafish, PE cells extrude apically into the pericardial cavity as a consequence of DP tissue constriction, a process that is dependent on Bmp pathway signaling. Expression of the transcription factor Wilms tumor-1, Wt1, which is a leader of important morphogenetic events such as apoptosis regulation or epithelial-mesenchymal cell transition, is also necessary during PE formation. In this study, we used the zebrafish model to compare intensity level of the wt1a reporter line epi:GFP in PE and its original tissue, the DP. We found that GFP is present at higher intensity level in the PE tissue, and differentially wt1 expression at pericardial tissues could be involved in the PE formation process. Our results reveal that bmp2b overexpression leads to enhanced GFP level both in DP and in PE tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andrés-Delgado
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Development of the Epicardium and its Role During Regeneration Laboratory, Nacional Center of Cardiovascular Research Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Galardi-Castilla
- Development of the Epicardium and its Role During Regeneration Laboratory, Nacional Center of Cardiovascular Research Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Development of the Epicardium and its Role During Regeneration Laboratory, Nacional Center of Cardiovascular Research Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luis Santamaría
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Contribution of a GATA4-Expressing Hematopoietic Progenitor Lineage to the Adult Mouse Endothelium. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051257. [PMID: 32438714 PMCID: PMC7290801 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different sources have been claimed for the embryonic origin of the coronary endothelium. Recently, the potential of circulating cells as progenitors of the cardiac endothelium has also been suggested. In a previous study we have shown that circulating progenitors are recruited by the embryonic endocardium and incorporated into the coronary vessels. These progenitors derive from a mesodermal lineage characterized by the expression of Gata4 under control of the enhancer G2. Herein, we aim to trace this specific lineage throughout postnatal stages. We have found that more than 50% of the adult cardiac endothelium derives from the G2-GATA4 lineage. This percentage increases from embryos to adults probably due to differential proliferation and postnatal recruitment of circulating endothelial progenitors. In fact, injection of fetal liver or placental cells in the blood stream of neonates leads to incorporation of G2-GATA4 lineage cells to the coronary endothelium. On the other hand, labeling of the hematopoietic lineage by the stage E7.5 also resulted in positive coronary endothelial cells from both, embryos and adults. Our results suggest that early hematopoietic progenitors recruited by the embryonic ventricular endocardium can become the predominant source of definitive endothelium during the vascularization of the heart.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao MT, Shao NY, Garg V. Subtype-specific cardiomyocytes for precision medicine: Where are we now? Stem Cells 2020; 38:822-833. [PMID: 32232889 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have greatly transformed the current understanding of human heart development and cardiovascular disease. Cardiomyocytes derived from personalized PSCs are powerful tools for modeling heart disease and performing patient-based cardiac toxicity testing. However, these PSC-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) are a mixed population of atrial-, ventricular-, and pacemaker-like cells in the dish, hindering the future of precision cardiovascular medicine. Recent insights gleaned from the developing heart have paved new avenues to refine subtype-specific cardiomyocytes from patients with known pathogenic genetic variants and clinical phenotypes. Here, we discuss the recent progress on generating subtype-specific (atrial, ventricular, and nodal) cardiomyocytes from the perspective of embryonic heart development and how human pluripotent stem cells will expand our current knowledge on molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and the future of precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ning-Yi Shao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Borasch K, Richardson K, Plendl J. Cardiogenesis with a focus on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:643-655. [PMID: 32319704 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The initial intraembryonic vasculogenesis occurs in the cardiogenic mesoderm. Here, a cell population of proendocardial cells detaches from the mesoderm that subsequently generates the single endocardial tube by forming vascular plexuses. In the course of embryogenesis, the endocardium retains vasculogenic, angiogenic and haematopoietic potential. The coronary blood vessels that sustain the rapidly expanding myocardium develop in the course of the formation of the cardiac loop by vasculogenesis and angiogenesis from progenitor cells of the proepicardial serosa at the venous pole of the heart as well as from the endocardium and endothelial cells of the sinus venosus. Prospective coronary endothelial cells and progenitor cells of the coronary blood vessel walls (smooth muscle cells, perivascular cells) originate from different cell populations that are in close spatial as well as regulatory connection with each other. Vasculo- and angiogenesis of the coronary blood vessels are for a large part regulated by the epicardium and epicardium-derived cells. Vasculogenic and angiogenic signalling pathways include the vascular endothelial growth factors, the angiopoietins and the fibroblast growth factors and their receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Borasch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenneth Richardson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Johanna Plendl
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts and fibrosis contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure, a prevalent cause of mortality. Therefore, a majority of the existing information regarding cardiac fibroblasts is focused on their function and behavior after heart injury. Less is understood about the signaling and transcriptional networks required for the development and homeostatic roles of these cells. This review is devoted to describing our current understanding of cardiac fibroblast development. I detail cardiac fibroblast formation during embryogenesis including the discovery of a second embryonic origin for cardiac fibroblasts. Additional information is provided regarding the roles of the genes essential for cardiac fibroblast development. It should be noted that many questions remain regarding the cell-fate specification of these fibroblast progenitors, and it is hoped that this review will provide a basis for future studies regarding this topic.
Collapse
|
26
|
Forte E, Skelly DA, Chen M, Daigle S, Morelli KA, Hon O, Philip VM, Costa MW, Rosenthal NA, Furtado MB. Dynamic Interstitial Cell Response during Myocardial Infarction Predicts Resilience to Rupture in Genetically Diverse Mice. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3149-3163.e6. [PMID: 32130914 PMCID: PMC7059115 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac ischemia leads to the loss of myocardial tissue and the activation of a repair process that culminates in the formation of a scar whose structural characteristics dictate propensity to favorable healing or detrimental cardiac wall rupture. To elucidate the cellular processes underlying scar formation, here we perform unbiased single-cell mRNA sequencing of interstitial cells isolated from infarcted mouse hearts carrying a genetic tracer that labels epicardial-derived cells. Sixteen interstitial cell clusters are revealed, five of which were of epicardial origin. Focusing on stromal cells, we define 11 sub-clusters, including diverse cell states of epicardial- and endocardial-derived fibroblasts. Comparing transcript profiles from post-infarction hearts in C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ inbred mice, which displays a marked divergence in the frequency of cardiac rupture, uncovers an early increase in activated myofibroblasts, enhanced collagen deposition, and persistent acute phase response in 129S1/SvImJ mouse hearts, defining a crucial time window of pathological remodeling that predicts disease outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Forte
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.
| | | | - Mandy Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | | | - Olivia Hon
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | | | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW72BX, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xuan W, Khan M, Ashraf M. Extracellular Vesicles From Notch Activated Cardiac Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Myocyte Proliferation and Neovasculogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:11. [PMID: 32154243 PMCID: PMC7047205 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells (C-MSCs) are a novel mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) subpopulation derived from cardiac tissue, which are reported to be responsible for cardiac regeneration. Notch signaling is believed to aid in cardiac repair following myocardial injury. In this study, we have investigated the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Notch1 engineered C-MSCs on angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation in ischemic myocardium. C-MSCs were isolated from Notch1flox mice (C-MSCNotch1 FF). Notch1 gene deletion was accomplished by adenoviral vector-mediated Cre recombination, and Notch1 overexpression was achieved by overexpression of Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD). EVs were isolated by using the size exclusion column method. Proteomic composition of EV was carried out by mass spectrometry. A mouse myocardial infarction (MI) model was generated by permanent left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. Intramyocardial transplantation of Notch1 knockout C-MSCs (C-MSCsNotch1 KO) did not have any effect on cardiac function and scar size. On the other hand, transplantation of N1ICD-overexpressing C-MSCs (C-MSCsN1ICD) showed significant improvement in cardiac function and attenuation of fibrosis as compared to the control (PBS) group and non-modified C-MSC groups. C-MSCsN1ICD differentiated into smooth muscle cells and formed new vessels. Proteomics profiling identified several proteins, such as lysyl oxidase homolog-2 and biglycan, as highly enriched proteins in EV-C-MSCsN1ICD. Go term analysis indicated that EV-C-MSCsN1ICD were enriched with bioactive factors, potent pro-repair proteins responsible for cell migration and proliferation. EV-C-MSCsNotch1FF and EV-C-MSCsN1ICD were strongly proangiogenic under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. EV-C-MSCsN1ICD caused dense tube formation in vitro and increased neovasculogenesis in the peri-infarct area in vivo. Furthermore, EV-C-MSCsN1ICD attenuated endothelial cell (EC) and CM apoptosis under oxidative stress and ischemic injury. Similarly, EV-C-MSCNotch1 FF and EV-C-MSCN1ICD treatment improved cardiac function and decreased fibrosis in mice post-MI. EV-C-MSCsN1ICD were very effective in improving cardiac function and decreasing fibrosis. Notch1 signaling is a strong stimulus for cardiac regeneration by C-MSCs. EVs secreted by Notch1-overexpressing C-MSCs were highly effective in preventing cell death, promoting angiogenesis and CM proliferation, and restoring cardiac function post-MI. Overall, these results suggest that Notch1 overexpression may further enhance the effectiveness of EVs secreted by C-MSCs in cell-free therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Xuan
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Weinberger M, Simões FC, Patient R, Sauka-Spengler T, Riley PR. Functional Heterogeneity within the Developing Zebrafish Epicardium. Dev Cell 2020; 52:574-590.e6. [PMID: 32084358 PMCID: PMC7063573 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The epicardium is essential during cardiac development, homeostasis, and repair, and yet fundamental insights into its underlying cell biology, notably epicardium formation, lineage heterogeneity, and functional cross-talk with other cell types in the heart, are currently lacking. In this study, we investigated epicardial heterogeneity and the functional diversity of discrete epicardial subpopulations in the developing zebrafish heart. Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovered three epicardial subpopulations with specific genetic programs and distinctive spatial distribution. Perturbation of unique gene signatures uncovered specific functions associated with each subpopulation and established epicardial roles in cell adhesion, migration, and chemotaxis as a mechanism for recruitment of leukocytes into the heart. Understanding which mechanisms epicardial cells employ to establish a functional epicardium and how they communicate with other cardiovascular cell types during development will bring us closer to repairing cellular relationships that are disrupted during cardiovascular disease. scRNA-seq uncovered 3 developmental epicardial subpopulations (Epi1-3) in the zebrafish Epi1-specific gene, tgm2b, regulates the cell numbers in the main epicardial sheet Epi2-specific gene, sema3fb, restricts the number of tbx18+ cells in the cardiac outflow tract Epi3-specific gene, cxcl12a, guides ptprc/CD45+ myeloid cells to the developing heart
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weinberger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PT, UK; MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Filipa C Simões
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PT, UK; MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Roger Patient
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Tatjana Sauka-Spengler
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Carmona R, Barrena S, López Gambero AJ, Rojas A, Muñoz-Chápuli R. Epicardial cell lineages and the origin of the coronary endothelium. FASEB J 2020; 34:5223-5239. [PMID: 32068311 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902249rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic epicardium generates a population of epicardial-derived mesenchymal cells (EPDC) whose contribution to the coronary endothelium is minor or, according to some reports, negligible. We have compared four murine cell-tracing models related to the EPDC in order to elucidate this contribution. Cre recombinase was expressed under control of the promoters of the Wilms' tumor suppressor (Wt1), the cardiac troponin (cTnT), and the GATA5 genes, activating expression of the R26REYFP reporter. We have also used the G2 enhancer of the GATA4 gene as a driver due to its activation in the proepicardium. Recombination was found in most of the epicardium/EPDC in all cases. The contribution of these lineages to the cardiac endothelium was analyzed using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. G2-GATA4 lineage cells are the most frequent in the endothelium, probably due to the recruitment of circulating endothelial progenitors. The contribution of the WT1 cell lineage increases along gestation due to further endothelial expression of WT1. GATA5 and cTnT lineages represent 4% of the cardiac endothelial cells throughout the gestation, probably standing for the actual EPDC contribution to the coronary endothelium. These results suggest caution when using a sole cell-tracing model to study the fate of the EPDC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Carmona
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Silvia Barrena
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús López Gambero
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Anabel Rojas
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Sevilla, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The epicardium, the outermost tissue layer that envelops all vertebrate hearts, plays a crucial role in cardiac development and regeneration and has been implicated in potential strategies for cardiac repair. The heterogenous cell population that composes the epicardium originates primarily from a transient embryonic cell cluster known as the proepicardial organ (PE). Characterized by its high cellular plasticity, the epicardium contributes to both heart development and regeneration in two critical ways: as a source of progenitor cells and as a critical signaling hub. Despite this knowledge, there are many unanswered questions in the field of epicardial biology, the resolution of which will advance the understanding of cardiac development and repair. We review current knowledge in cross-species epicardial involvement, specifically in relation to lineage specification and differentiation during cardiac development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Sierra Duca
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Jingli Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mangum KD, Freeman EJ, Magin JC, Taylor JM, Mack CP. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the SMC-selective blood pressure-associated gene, ARHGAP42. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H413-H424. [PMID: 31886719 PMCID: PMC7052622 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00143.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that ARHGAP42 is a smooth muscle cell (SMC)-selective, RhoA-specific GTPase activating protein that regulates blood pressure and that a minor allele single nucleotide variation within a DNAse hypersensitive regulatory element in intron1 (Int1DHS) increased ARHGAP42 expression by promoting serum response factor binding. The goal of the current study was to identify additional transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms that control ARHGAP42 expression. Using deletion/mutation, gel shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we showed that recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin κ-J region (RBPJ) and TEA domain family member 1 (TEAD1) binding to a conserved core region was required for full IntDHS transcriptional activity. Importantly, overexpression of the notch intracellular domain (NICD) or plating SMCs on recombinant jagged-1 increased IntDHS activity and endogenous ARHGAP42 expression while siRNA-mediated knockdown of TEAD1 inhibited ARHGAP42 mRNA levels. Re-chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that RBPJ and TEAD1 were bound to the Int1DHS enhancer at the same time, and coimmunoprecipitation assays indicated that these factors interacted physically. Our results also suggest TEAD1 and RBPJ bound cooperatively to the Int1DHS and that the presence of TEAD1 promoted the recruitment of NICD by RBPJ. Finally, we showed that ARHGAP42 expression was inhibited by micro-RNA 505 (miR505) which interacted with the ARHGAP42 3'-untranslated region (UTR) to facilitate its degradation and by AK124326, a long noncoding RNA that overlaps with the ARHGAP42 transcription start site on the opposite DNA strand. Since siRNA-mediated depletion of AK124326 was associated with increased H3K9 acetylation and RNA Pol-II binding at the ARHGAP42 gene, it is likely that AK124326 inhibits ARHGAP42 transcription.NEW & NOTEWORTHY First, RBPJ and TEAD1 converge at an intronic enhancer to regulate ARHGAP42 expression in SMCs. Second, TEAD1 and RBPJ interact physically and bind cooperatively to the ARHGAP42 enhancer. Third, miR505 interacts with the ARHGAP42 3'-UTR to facilitate its degradation. Finally, LncRNA, AK124326, inhibits ARHGAP42 transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Mangum
- Department of Pathology and the McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Emily J Freeman
- Department of Pathology and the McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Justin C Magin
- Department of Pathology and the McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Joan M Taylor
- Department of Pathology and the McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Christopher P Mack
- Department of Pathology and the McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Notch Signaling and Embryonic Development: An Ancient Friend, Revisited. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1218:9-37. [PMID: 32060869 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34436-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary highly conserved Notch pathway, which first developed during evolution in metazoans and was first discovered in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), governs many core processes including cell fate decisions during embryonic development. A huge mountain of scientific evidence convincingly demonstrates that Notch signaling represents one of the most important pathways that regulate embryogenesis from sponges, roundworms, Drosophila melanogaster, and mice to humans. In this review, we give a brief introduction on how Notch orchestrates the embryonic development of several selected tissues, summarizing some of the most relevant findings in the central nervous system, skin, kidneys, liver, pancreas, inner ear, eye, skeleton, heart, and vascular system.
Collapse
|
33
|
Velecela V, Torres-Cano A, García-Melero A, Ramiro-Pareta M, Müller-Sánchez C, Segarra-Mondejar M, Chau YY, Campos-Bonilla B, Reina M, Soriano FX, Hastie ND, Martínez FO, Martínez-Estrada OM. Epicardial cell shape and maturation are regulated by Wt1 via transcriptional control of Bmp4. Development 2019; 146:146/20/dev178723. [PMID: 31624071 DOI: 10.1242/dev.178723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The epicardium plays a crucial role in embryonic heart development and adult heart repair; however, the molecular events underlying its maturation remain unknown. Wt1, one of the main markers of the embryonic epicardium, is essential for epicardial development and function. Here, we analyse the transcriptomic profile of epicardial-enriched cells at different stages of development and from control and epicardial-specific Wt1 knockout (Wt1KO) mice. Transcriptomic and cell morphology analyses of epicardial cells from epicardial-specific Wt1KO mice revealed a defect in the maturation process of the mutant epicardium, including sustained upregulation of Bmp4 expression and the inability of mutant epicardial cells to transition into a mature squamous phenotype. We identified Bmp4 as a transcriptional target of Wt1, thus providing a molecular basis for the retention of the cuboidal cell shape observed in the Wt1KO epicardium. Accordingly, inhibition of the Bmp4 signalling pathway both ex vivo and in vivo rescued the cuboidal phenotype of the mutant epicardium. Our findings indicate the importance of the cuboidal-to-squamous transition in epicardial maturation, a process regulated by Wt1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Velecela
- Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alejo Torres-Cano
- Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ana García-Melero
- Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marina Ramiro-Pareta
- Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Claudia Müller-Sánchez
- Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marc Segarra-Mondejar
- Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - You-Ying Chau
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Begoña Campos-Bonilla
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Manuel Reina
- Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Francesc X Soriano
- Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Nicholas D Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Fernando O Martínez
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ofelia M Martínez-Estrada
- Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain .,Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Flinn MA, Link BA, O'Meara CC. Upstream regulation of the Hippo-Yap pathway in cardiomyocyte regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:11-19. [PMID: 31606277 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The response of the adult mammalian heart to injury such as myocardial infarction has long been described as primarily fibrotic scarring and adverse remodeling with little to no regeneration of cardiomyocytes. Emerging studies have challenged this paradigm by demonstrating that, indeed, adult mammalian cardiomyocytes are capable of completing cytokinesis albeit at levels vastly insufficient to compensate for the loss of functional cardiomyocytes following ischemic injury. Thus, there is great interest in identifying mechanisms to guide adult cardiomyocyte cell cycle re-entry and facilitate endogenous heart regeneration. The Hippo signaling pathway is a core kinase cascade that functions to suppress the transcriptional co-activators Yap and Taz by phosphorylation and therefore cytoplasmic retention or phospho-degradation. This pathway has recently sparked interest in the field of cardiac regeneration as inhibition of Hippo kinase signaling or overdriving the transcriptional co-activator, Yap, significantly promotes proliferation of terminally differentiated adult mammalian cardiomyocytes and can restore function in failing mouse hearts. Thus, the Hippo pathway is an attractive therapeutic target for promoting cardiomyocyte renewal and cardiac regeneration. Although the core kinases and transcriptional activators of the Hippo pathway have been studied extensively over the last twenty years, the regulatory inputs of this pathway, particularly in vertebrates, are poorly understood. Recent studies have elucidated several upstream regulatory inputs to the Hippo pathway in adult mammalian cardiomyocytes that influence cell proliferation and heart regeneration. Considering upstream inputs to the Hippo pathway are thought to be context and cell type specific, targeting these various components could serve as a therapeutic approach for refining Hippo-Yap signaling in the heart. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging regulatory inputs to the Hippo pathway as they relate to mammalian cardiomyocytes and heart regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Flinn
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian A Link
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Caitlin C O'Meara
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Genomics Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Cardiogenesis is a complex developmental process involving multiple overlapping stages of cell fate specification, proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Precise spatiotemporal coordination between the different cardiogenic processes is ensured by intercellular signalling crosstalk and tissue-tissue interactions. Notch is an intercellular signalling pathway crucial for cell fate decisions during multicellular organismal development and is aptly positioned to coordinate the complex signalling crosstalk required for progressive cell lineage restriction during cardiogenesis. In this Review, we describe the role of Notch signalling and the crosstalk with other signalling pathways during the differentiation and patterning of the different cardiac tissues and in cardiac valve and ventricular chamber development. We examine how perturbation of Notch signalling activity is linked to congenital heart diseases affecting the neonate and adult, and discuss studies that shed light on the role of Notch signalling in heart regeneration and repair after injury.
Collapse
|
36
|
Biermann M, Cai W, Lang D, Hermsen J, Profio L, Zhou Y, Czirok A, Isai DG, Napiwocki BN, Rodriguez AM, Brown ME, Woon MT, Shao A, Han T, Park D, Hacker TA, Crone WC, Burlingham WJ, Glukhov AV, Ge Y, Kamp TJ. Epigenetic Priming of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells Accelerates Cardiomyocyte Maturation. Stem Cells 2019; 37:910-923. [PMID: 31087611 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) exhibit a fetal phenotype that limits in vitro and therapeutic applications. Strategies to promote cardiomyocyte maturation have focused interventions on differentiated hPSC-CMs, but this study tests priming of early cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (pIC) to accelerate cardiomyocyte maturation. CPCs were differentiated from hPSCs using a monolayer differentiation protocol with defined small molecule Wnt temporal modulation, and pIC was added during the formation of early CPCs. pIC priming did not alter the expression of cell surface markers for CPCs (>80% KDR+/PDGFRα+), expression of common cardiac transcription factors, or final purity of differentiated hPSC-CMs (∼90%). However, CPC differentiation in basal medium revealed that pIC priming resulted in hPSC-CMs with enhanced maturity manifested by increased cell size, greater contractility, faster electrical upstrokes, increased oxidative metabolism, and more mature sarcomeric structure and composition. To investigate the mechanisms of CPC priming, RNAseq revealed that cardiac progenitor-stage pIC modulated early Notch signaling and cardiomyogenic transcriptional programs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of CPCs showed that pIC treatment increased deposition of the H3K9ac activating epigenetic mark at core promoters of cardiac myofilament genes and the Notch ligand, JAG1. Inhibition of Notch signaling blocked the effects of pIC on differentiation and cardiomyocyte maturation. Furthermore, primed CPCs showed more robust formation of hPSC-CMs grafts when transplanted to the NSGW mouse kidney capsule. Overall, epigenetic modulation of CPCs with pIC accelerates cardiomyocyte maturation enabling basic research applications and potential therapeutic uses. Stem Cells 2019;37:910-923.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Biermann
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wenxuan Cai
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Di Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jack Hermsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Luke Profio
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andras Czirok
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Dona G Isai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Brett N Napiwocki
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Adriana M Rodriguez
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Matthew E Brown
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marites T Woon
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Annie Shao
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tianxiao Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Donglim Park
- Department of Virology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wendy C Crone
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ariza L, Rojas A, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Carmona R. The Wilms' tumor suppressor gene regulates pancreas homeostasis and repair. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007971. [PMID: 30763305 PMCID: PMC6392337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilms’ tumor suppressor gene (Wt1) encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that plays an essential role in the development of kidneys, gonads, spleen, adrenals and heart. Recent findings suggest that WT1 could also be playing physiological roles in adults. Systemic deletion of WT1 in mice provokes a severe deterioration of the exocrine pancreas, with mesothelial disruption, E-cadherin downregulation, disorganization of acinar architecture and accumulation of ascitic transudate. Despite this extensive damage, pancreatic stellate cells do not become activated and lose their canonical markers. We observed that pharmacological induction of pancreatitis in normal mice provokes de novo expression of WT1 in pancreatic stellate cells, concomitant with their activation. When pancreatitis was induced in mice after WT1 ablation, pancreatic stellate cells expressed WT1 and became activated, leading to a partial rescue of the acinar structure and the quiescent pancreatic stellate cell population after recovery from pancreatitis. We propose that WT1 modulates through the RALDH2/retinoic acid axis the restabilization of a part of the pancreatic stellate cell population and, indirectly, the repair of the pancreatic architecture, since quiescent pancreatic stellate cells are required for pancreas stability and repair. Thus, we suggest that WT1 plays novel and essential roles for the homeostasis of the adult pancreas and, through its upregulation in pancreatic stellate cells after a damage, for pancreatic regeneration. Due to the growing importance of the pancreatic stellate cells in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, these novel roles can be of translational relevance. The pancreas is largely composed by an exocrine tissue organized in acini, which secrete digestive enzymes. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are arranged around the acini and they can become activated by a damage and contribute to pancreas repair. The pancreas is externally covered by a mesothelium characterized by the expression of the transcription factor WT1. Loss of WT1 function in adult mice provokes a rapid and severe deterioration of the pancreas, with disorganization of the acinar tissue. Despite the extensive damage, PSC do not become activated. We first showed that a pharmacologically induced acute pancreatitis led to expression of WT1 in PSC concomitant to their activation. Then, we induced pancreatitis in mice where WT1 had been previously deleted, and the upregulation of WT1 in PSC partially rescued the repairing phenotype of the PSC and reduced the disorganization of the acinar tissue. Thus, we suggest that WT1 function is necessary to maintain the integrity of the pancreatic mesothelium and, at the same time, it is required for activation of the repairing phenotype in PSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ariza
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Anabel Rojas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail: (RMC); (RC)
| | - Rita Carmona
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail: (RMC); (RC)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Alabi RO, Farber G, Blobel CP. Intriguing Roles for Endothelial ADAM10/Notch Signaling in the Development of Organ-Specific Vascular Beds. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:2025-2061. [PMID: 30067156 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasculature is a remarkably interesting, complex, and interconnected organ. It provides a conduit for oxygen and nutrients, filtration of waste products, and rapid communication between organs. Much remains to be learned about the specialized vascular beds that fulfill these diverse, yet vital functions. This review was prompted by the discovery that Notch signaling in mouse endothelial cells is crucial for the development of specialized vascular beds found in the heart, kidneys, liver, intestines, and bone. We will address the intriguing questions raised by the role of Notch signaling and that of its regulator, the metalloprotease ADAM10, in the development of specialized vascular beds. We will cover fundamentals of ADAM10/Notch signaling, the concept of Notch-dependent cell fate decisions, and how these might govern the development of organ-specific vascular beds through angiogenesis or vasculogenesis. We will also consider common features of the affected vessels, including the presence of fenestra or sinusoids and their occurrence in portal systems with two consecutive capillary beds. We hope to stimulate further discussion and study of the role of ADAM10/Notch signaling in the development of specialized vascular structures, which might help uncover new targets for the repair of vascular beds damaged in conditions like coronary artery disease and glomerulonephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolake O Alabi
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York ; Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York ; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Gregory Farber
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York ; Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York ; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Carl P Blobel
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York ; Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York ; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dergilev KV, Zubkova ЕS, Beloglazova IB, Menshikov МY, Parfyonova ЕV. Notch signal pathway - therapeutic target for regulation of reparative processes in the heart. TERAPEVT ARKH 2018; 90:112-121. [PMID: 30701843 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2018.12.000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling pathway is a universal regulator of cell fate in embryogenesis and in maintaining the cell homeostasis of adult tissue. Through local cell-cell interactions, he controls neighboring cells behavior and determines their capacity for self-renewal, growth, survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that the control of regenerative processes in the heart is also carried out with the participation of Notch system. At the heart of Notch regulates migration bone marrow progenitors and stimulates the proliferation of cardiomyocytes, cardiac progenitor cell activity, limits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis progression and stimulates angiogenesis. Notch signaling pathway may be regarded as a very promising target for the development of drugs for the stimulation of regeneration in the myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K V Dergilev
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Е S Zubkova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I B Beloglazova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - М Yu Menshikov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Е V Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kapuria S, Yoshida T, Lien CL. Coronary Vasculature in Cardiac Development and Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:E59. [PMID: 30563016 PMCID: PMC6306797 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional coronary circulation is essential for a healthy heart in warm-blooded vertebrates, and coronary diseases can have a fatal consequence. Despite the growing interest, the knowledge about the coronary vessel development and the roles of new coronary vessel formation during heart regeneration is still limited. It is demonstrated that early revascularization is required for efficient heart regeneration. In this comprehensive review, we first describe the coronary vessel formation from an evolutionary perspective. We further discuss the cell origins of coronary endothelial cells and perivascular cells and summarize the critical signaling pathways regulating coronary vessel development. Lastly, we focus on the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms regulating heart regeneration in zebrafish, a genetically tractable vertebrate model with a regenerative adult heart and well-developed coronary system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subir Kapuria
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| | - Tyler Yoshida
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.
| | - Ching-Ling Lien
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tomanek R, Angelini P. Embryology of coronary arteries and anatomy/pathophysiology of coronary anomalies. A comprehensive update. Int J Cardiol 2018; 281:28-34. [PMID: 30587416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper reviews new findings in both embryology of coronary arteries and in clinical observations of coronary artery anomalies. FOCUS Our presentation emphasizes studies based on: 1) newer methods of coronary development in animals and humans, and 2) intravascular ultrasonography to interpret pathophysiology and guide treatment of coronary anomalies. CONCLUSIONS New data reveal the roles of many cellular interactions and signaling pathways involved in the normal and abnormal formation of the coronary arterial system and the consequences of their defective formation. Pathogenetic developmental mechanisms include dysfunction of the Notch and Hypo signaling pathways, angiogenic and arteriogenic molecules, and neural crest cells. We addressed numerous clinically significant coronary anomalies and their prevalence in a general population (especially those characterized by an ectopic origin with aortic intramural course), and point out the critical relevance of understanding the variable mechanisms of coronary dysfunction, especially, fixed versus phasic stenoses or intermittent spasm, and individual severity of clinical presentations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tomanek
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America.
| | - Paolo Angelini
- Center for Coronary Artery Anomalies at Texas Heart Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Niderla-BieliŃska J, Jankowska-Steifer E, Flaht-Zabost A, Gula G, Czarnowska E, Ratajska A. Proepicardium: Current Understanding of its Structure, Induction, and Fate. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:893-903. [PMID: 30421563 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The proepicardium (PE) is a transitory extracardiac embryonic structure which plays a crucial role in cardiac morphogenesis and delivers various cell lineages to the developing heart. The PE arises from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) and is present in all vertebrate species. During development, mesothelial cells of the PE reach the naked myocardium either as free-floating aggregates in the form of vesicles or via a tissue bridge; subsequently, they attach to the myocardium and, finally, form the third layer of a mature heart-the epicardium. After undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) some of the epicardial cells migrate into the myocardial wall and differentiate into fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and possibly other cell types. Despite many recent findings, the molecular pathways that control not only proepicardial induction and differentiation but also epicardial formation and epicardial cell fate are poorly understood. Knowledge about these events is essential because molecular mechanisms that occur during embryonic development have been shown to be reactivated in pathological conditions, for example, after myocardial infarction, during hypertensive heart disease or other cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, in this review we intended to summarize the current knowledge about PE formation and structure, as well as proepicardial cell fate in animals commonly used as models for studies on heart development. Anat Rec, 302:893-903, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Jankowska-Steifer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Gula
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,The Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine (SMM), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Czarnowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ratajska
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Farber G, Parks MM, Lustgarten Guahmich N, Zhang Y, Monette S, Blanchard SC, Di Lorenzo A, Blobel CP. ADAM10 controls the differentiation of the coronary arterial endothelium. Angiogenesis 2018; 22:237-250. [PMID: 30446855 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The coronary vasculature is crucial for normal heart function, yet much remains to be learned about its development, especially the maturation of coronary arterial endothelium. Here, we show that endothelial inactivation of ADAM10, a key regulator of Notch signaling, leads to defects in coronary arterial differentiation, as evidenced by dysregulated genes related to Notch signaling and arterial identity. Moreover, transcriptome analysis indicated reduced EGFR signaling in A10ΔEC coronary endothelium. Further analysis revealed that A10ΔEC mice have enlarged dysfunctional hearts with abnormal myocardial compaction, and increased expression of venous and immature endothelium markers. These findings provide the first evidence for a potential role for endothelial ADAM10 in cardioprotective homeostatic EGFR signaling and implicate ADAM10/Notch signaling in coronary arterial cell specification, which is vital for normal heart development and function. The ADAM10/Notch signaling pathway thus emerges as a potential therapeutic target for improving the regenerative capacity and maturation of the coronary vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Farber
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew M Parks
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sébastien Monette
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Hospital for Special Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott C Blanchard
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Tri-Institutional Training Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annarita Di Lorenzo
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl P Blobel
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, S-Building, Room 702, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mesothelial to mesenchyme transition as a major developmental and pathological player in trunk organs and their cavities. Commun Biol 2018; 1:170. [PMID: 30345394 PMCID: PMC6191446 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The internal organs embedded in the cavities are lined by an epithelial monolayer termed the mesothelium. The mesothelium is increasingly implicated in driving various internal organ pathologies, as many of the normal embryonic developmental pathways acting in mesothelial cells, such as those regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, also drive disease progression in adult life. Here, we summarize observations from different animal models and organ systems that collectively point toward a central role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in driving tissue fibrosis, acute scarring, and cancer metastasis. Thus, drugs targeting pathways of mesothelium’s transition may have broad therapeutic benefits in patients suffering from these diseases. Tim Koopmans and Yuval Rinkevich review recent findings linking the mesothelium’s embryonic programs that drive epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition with adult pathologies, such as fibrosis, acute scarring, and cancer metastasis. They highlight new avenues for drug development that would target pathways of the mesothelium’s mesenchymal transition.
Collapse
|
45
|
Jankowska-Steifer E, Niderla-Bielińska J, Ciszek B, Kujawa M, Bartkowiak M, Flaht-Zabost A, Klosinska D, Ratajska A. Cells with hematopoietic potential reside within mouse proepicardium. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 149:577-591. [PMID: 29549430 PMCID: PMC5999137 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, hematopoietic cells are present in areas of blood-vessel differentiation. These hematopoietic cells emerge from a specific subpopulation of endothelial cells called the hemogenic endothelium. We have previously found that mouse proepicardium contained its own population of endothelial cells forming a network of vascular tubules. We hypothesize that this EC population contains cells of hematopoietic potential. Therefore, we investigated an in vitro hematopoietic potential of proepicardial cell populations. The CD31+/CD45-/CD71- cell population cultured for 10 days in MethocultTM gave numerous colonies of CFU-GEMM, CFU-GM, and CFU-E type. These colonies consisted of various cell types. Flk-1+/CD31-/CD45-/CD71-, and CD45+ and/or CD71+ cell populations produced CFU-GEMM and CFU-GM, or CFU-GM and CFU-E colonies, respectively. Immunohistochemical evaluations of smears prepared from colonies revealed the presence of cells of different hematopoietic lineages. These cells were characterized by labeling with various combinations of antibodies directed against CD31, CD41, CD71, c-kit, Mpl, Fli1, Gata-2, and Zeb1 markers. Furthermore, we found that proepicardium-specific marker WT1 co-localized with Runx1 and Zeb1 and that single endothelial cells bearing CD31 molecule expressed Runx1 in the proepicardial area of embryonic tissue sections. We have shown that cells of endothelial and/or hematopoietic phenotypes isolated from mouse proepicardium possess hematopoietic potential in vitro and in situ. These results are supported by RT-PCR analyses of proepicardial extract, which revealed the expression of mRNA for crucial regulatory factors for hemogenic endothelium specification, i.e., Runx1, Notch1, Gata2, and Sox17. Our data are in line with previous observation on hemangioblast derivation from the quail PE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jankowska-Steifer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Niderla-Bielińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bogdan Ciszek
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kujawa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bartkowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Daria Klosinska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, WULS, SGGW Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ratajska
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ariza L, Cañete A, Rojas A, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Carmona R. Role of the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene Wt1 in pancreatic development. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:924-933. [PMID: 29708625 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilms tumor suppressor gene (Wt1) encodes a transcription factor involved in the development of a number of organs, but the role played by Wt1 in pancreatic development is unknown. The pancreas contains a population of pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) very important for pancreatic physiology. We described elsewhere that hepatic stellate cells originate from the WT1-expressing liver mesothelium. Thus, we checked if the origin of PSCs was similar. WT1 expression is restricted to the pancreatic mesothelium. Between embryonic day (E) 10.5 and E15.5, this mesothelium gives rise to mesenchymal cells that contribute to a major part of the PSC and other cell types including endothelial cells. Most WT1 systemic mutants show abnormal localization of the dorsal pancreas within the mesentery and intestinal malrotation by E14.0. Embryos with conditional deletion of WT1 between E9.5 and E12.5 showed normal dorsal pancreatic bud and intestine, but the number of acini in the ventral bud was reduced approximately 30% by E16.5. Proliferation of acinar cells was reduced in WT1 systemic mutants, but pancreatic differentiation was not impaired. Thus, mesothelial-derived cells constitute an important subpopulation of pancreatic mesodermal cells. WT1 expression is not essential for pancreas development, although it influences intestinal rotation and correct localization of the dorsal pancreas within the mesogastrium. Developmental Dynamics 247:924-933, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ariza
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga (Spain) and Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana Cañete
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga (Spain) and Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Malaga, Spain
| | - Anabel Rojas
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga (Spain) and Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Malaga, Spain
| | - Rita Carmona
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga (Spain) and Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Malaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Vascular, resident stem cells are present in all 3 layers of the vessel wall; they play a role in vascular formation under physiological conditions and in remodeling in pathological situations. Throughout development and adult early life, resident stem cells participate in vessel formation through vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. In adults, the vascular stem cells are mostly quiescent in their niches but can be activated in response to injury and participate in endothelial repair and smooth muscle cell accumulation to form neointima. However, delineation of the characteristics and of the migration and differentiation behaviors of these stem cells is an area of ongoing investigation. A set of genetic mouse models for cell lineage tracing has been developed to specifically address the nature of these cells and both migration and differentiation processes during physiological angiogenesis and in vascular diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on resident stem cells, which has become more defined and refined in vascular biology research, thus contributing to the development of new potential therapeutic strategies to promote endothelial regeneration and ameliorate vascular disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z., T.C., Q.X.)
| | - Shirin Issa Bhaloo
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., Q.X.)
| | - Ting Chen
- From the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z., T.C., Q.X.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academic of Sciences (B.Z.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z., T.C., Q.X.)
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., Q.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Del Monte-Nieto G, Ramialison M, Adam AAS, Wu B, Aharonov A, D'Uva G, Bourke LM, Pitulescu ME, Chen H, de la Pompa JL, Shou W, Adams RH, Harten SK, Tzahor E, Zhou B, Harvey RP. Control of cardiac jelly dynamics by NOTCH1 and NRG1 defines the building plan for trabeculation. Nature 2018; 557:439-445. [PMID: 29743679 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrate hearts, the ventricular trabecular myocardium develops as a sponge-like network of cardiomyocytes that is critical for contraction and conduction, ventricular septation, papillary muscle formation and wall thickening through the process of compaction 1 . Defective trabeculation leads to embryonic lethality2-4 or non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) 5 . There are divergent views on when and how trabeculation is initiated in different species. In zebrafish, trabecular cardiomyocytes extrude from compact myocardium 6 , whereas in chicks, chamber wall thickening occurs before overt trabeculation 7 . In mice, the onset of trabeculation has not been described, but is proposed to begin at embryonic day 9.0, when cardiomyocytes form radially oriented ribs 2 . Endocardium-myocardium communication is essential for trabeculation, and numerous signalling pathways have been identified, including Notch2,8 and Neuregulin (NRG) 4 . Late disruption of the Notch pathway causes NCC 5 . Whereas it has been shown that mutations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) genes Has2 and Vcan prevent the formation of trabeculae in mice9,10 and the matrix metalloprotease ADAMTS1 promotes trabecular termination 3 , the pathways involved in ECM dynamics and the molecular regulation of trabeculation during its early phases remain unexplored. Here we present a model of trabeculation in mice that integrates dynamic endocardial and myocardial cell behaviours and ECM remodelling, and reveal new epistatic relationships between the involved signalling pathways. NOTCH1 signalling promotes ECM degradation during the formation of endocardial projections that are critical for individualization of trabecular units, whereas NRG1 promotes myocardial ECM synthesis, which is necessary for trabecular rearrangement and growth. These systems interconnect through NRG1 control of Vegfa, but act antagonistically to establish trabecular architecture. These insights enabled the prediction of persistent ECM and cardiomyocyte growth in a mouse NCC model, providing new insights into the pathophysiology of congenital heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Del Monte-Nieto
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arne A S Adam
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Departments of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alla Aharonov
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lauren M Bourke
- Epigenetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mara E Pitulescu
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hanying Chen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber cardiovascular, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Weinian Shou
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah K Harten
- Epigenetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia. .,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Simões FC, Riley PR. The ontogeny, activation and function of the epicardium during heart development and regeneration. Development 2018; 145:145/7/dev155994. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.155994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The epicardium plays a key role during cardiac development, homeostasis and repair, and has thus emerged as a potential target in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, therapeutically manipulating the epicardium and epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) requires insights into their developmental origin and the mechanisms driving their activation, recruitment and contribution to both the embryonic and adult injured heart. In recent years, studies of various model systems have provided us with a deeper understanding of the microenvironment in which EPDCs reside and emerge into, of the crosstalk between the multitude of cardiovascular cell types that influence the epicardium, and of the genetic programmes that orchestrate epicardial cell behaviour. Here, we review these discoveries and discuss how technological advances could further enhance our knowledge of epicardium-based repair mechanisms and ultimately influence potential therapeutic outcomes in cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa C. Simões
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Paul R. Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
During mammalian heart development, restricted myocardial Bmp2 expression is a key patterning signal for atrioventricular canal specification and the epithelial-mesenchyme transition that gives rise to the valves. Using a mouse transgenic line conditionally expressing Bmp2, we show that widespread Bmp2 expression in the myocardium leads to valve and chamber dysmorphogenesis and embryonic death by E15.5. Transgenic embryos show thickened valves, ventricular septal defect, enlarged trabeculae and dilated ventricles, with an endocardium able to undergo EMT both in vivo and in vitro. Gene profiling and marker analysis indicate that cellular proliferation is increased in transgenic embryos, whereas chamber maturation and patterning are impaired. Similarly, forced Bmp2 expression stimulates proliferation and blocks cardiomyocyte differentiation of embryoid bodies. These data show that widespread myocardial Bmp2 expression directs ectopic valve primordium formation and maintains ventricular myocardium and cardiac progenitors in a primitive, proliferative state, identifying the potential of Bmp2 in the expansion of immature cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
|