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Mohammed QKQ, Banu N, Police SR, Palakurthy S, Thota S, Padamati SP, Puligundla KC, Amanchi NR, Kancha RK. A simple and rapid pre-clinical in vivo model reveals comparative cardiotoxicity profiles of kinase inhibitors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 486:116944. [PMID: 38677603 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant success, targeted therapeutics such as kinase inhibitors (KIs) still pose adverse events such as the cardiotoxicity. There is a lot of variation in the type and intensity of cardiotoxicity caused by different KIs and current pre-clinical models are inadequate to predict it. Thus, there is a need to develop more simple and rapid models for screening of novel KIs at the pre-clinical step itself. We thus aimed to establish a rapid and robust pre-clinical animal model for predicting cardiotoxicity of KIs and identify comparative cardiotoxicity profiles of a panel of FDA-approved KIs. Heart rate measurement and survival analysis of Daphnia was performed at regular intervals following treatment with ten KIs that were approved for the treatment of various cancers. The heart rates of Daphnia as well as the survival varied between KIs in a dose and time dependent manner suggesting differential cardiotoxicity profiles of various KIs. Further, the correlation between the cardiotoxicity and survival also varied among the ten KIs. Importantly, sorafenib and vemurafenib displayed maximum and least cardiotoxicity, respectively. The comparative cardiotoxicity profiles also are in conformity with the previous studies indicating the utility of Daphnia as a valuable and relevant animal model to rapidly predict the cardiotoxicity of novel KIs at a pre-clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nusrath Banu
- Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics Laboratory, CPMB, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Shilpa Reddy Police
- Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics Laboratory, CPMB, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sharvani Palakurthy
- Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics Laboratory, CPMB, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sangeetha Thota
- Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics Laboratory, CPMB, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sri Poornima Padamati
- Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics Laboratory, CPMB, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | | | | | - Rama Krishna Kancha
- Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics Laboratory, CPMB, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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2
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Qin W, Li S, Cheng Z, Xue W, Tian M, Mou F, Guo H, Shao S, Liu B. Astragaloside IV attenuates sunitinib-associated cardiotoxicity by inhibiting COUP-TFII. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24779. [PMID: 38314260 PMCID: PMC10837548 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib (SU) is widely used to treat solid tumors but it can be cardiotoxic and often leads to drug withdrawn or discontinuation. Astragaloside IV (ASIV) is the essential active component of the Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus which shows potential cardioprotective effects. Herein, we investigated the effect of ASIV on SU-associated cardiotoxicity and its mechanisms. We showed that ASIV significantly ameliorated SU-induced myocardial injury in mice, as evidenced by an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and a decrease in blood pressure and serum concentration of myocardial injury markers. ASIV attenuated SU-induced myocardial inflammatory infiltration and fibrotic lesions. In addition, ASIV suppressed SU-induced myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, SU increased COUP-TFII expression both in mRNA and protein levels in mice myocardial tissue, primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and H9c2 cell lines, and this effect was rescued by ASIV. Knockdown of COUP-TFII reduced the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by SU in NRCMs and H9c2 cell lines. However, the overexpression of COUP-TFII blocked the protective effects of ASIV on SU-treated cardiomyocytes. Thus, our results demonstrated that ASIV ameliorated SU-indued cardiotoxicity by inhibiting COUP-TFII, suggesting that ASIV might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of SU-associated cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Qin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shaoling Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ziji Cheng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Xue
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingyue Tian
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fangfang Mou
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haidong Guo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shuijin Shao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Baonian Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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3
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Meier L, Gahr BM, Roth A, Gihring A, Kirschner S, Woitaske-Proske C, Baier J, Peifer C, Just S, Knippschild U. Zebrafish as model system for the biological characterization of CK1 inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1245246. [PMID: 37753113 PMCID: PMC10518421 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1245246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The CK1 family is involved in a variety of physiological processes by regulating different signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin, the Hedgehog and the p53 signaling pathways. Mutations or dysregulation of kinases in general and of CK1 in particular are known to promote the development of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and inflammation. There is increasing evidence that CK1 isoform specific small molecule inhibitors, including CK1δ- and CK1ε-specific inhibitors of Wnt production (IWP)-based small molecules with structural similarity to benzimidazole compounds, have promising therapeutic potential. Methods: In this study, we investigated the suitability of the zebrafish model system for the evaluation of such CK1 inhibitors. To this end, the kinetic parameters of human CK1 isoforms were compared with those of zebrafish orthologues. Furthermore, the effects of selective CK1δ inhibition during zebrafish embryonic development were analyzed in vivo. Results: The results revealed that zebrafish CK1δA and CK1δB were inhibited as effectively as human CK1δ by compounds G2-2 with IC50 values of 345 and 270 nM for CK1δA and CK1δB versus 503 nM for human CK1δ and G2-3 exhibiting IC50 values of 514 and 561 nM for zebrafish CK1δA and B, and 562 nM for human CK1δ. Furthermore, the effects of selective CK1δ inhibition on zebrafish embryonic development in vivo revealed phenotypic abnormalities indicative of downregulation of CK1δ. Treatment of zebrafish embryos with selected inhibitors resulted in marked phenotypic changes including blood stasis, heart failure, and tail malformations. Conclusion: The results suggest that the zebrafish is a suitable in vivo assay model system for initial studies of the biological relevance of CK1δ inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Meier
- Surgery Center, Department of General- and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Martin Gahr
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Aileen Roth
- Surgery Center, Department of General- and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adrian Gihring
- Surgery Center, Department of General- and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Kirschner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Joana Baier
- Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Peifer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Surgery Center, Department of General- and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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4
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Zhao S, Wang P, Yin F, Wu J, Wang Y, Li P, Zhang Y, Yang J, Guo X, Zhang D, Song P. Cardiovascular toxicity associated with the multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor anlotinib. TUMORI JOURNAL 2023; 109:186-196. [PMID: 35311404 DOI: 10.1177/03008916221084362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anlotinib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to have encouraging activity against many tumors, but its cardiovascular toxicity has not been investigated specifically. We reviewed anlotinib-associated cardiovascular adverse events in patients and explored its cardiotoxicity in vitro. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all cardiovascular events in 62 patients with unresectable tumors who had taken anlotinib and mainly examined anlotinib's effects on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and blood pressure. Besides, we investigated its cardiotoxicity in Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes (NRVMs). RESULTS All-grade hypertension was seen in 60 patients (97%), and 25 individuals (40%) developed grade 3 hypertension. Significant univariate associations for predictors of post-treatment hypertension were age (P<0.001), BMI (P=0.003), ECOG PS(P<0.001), diabetes mellitus (P=0.035), dose of anlotinib (P=0.025). Multivariate analysis suggested that age [odds ratio (OR) 1.079, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.029-1.130, P= 0.001] and BMI [OR 3.448, 95% CI: 1.410-8.433, P= 0.007] were the only significant independent predictors. No grade 3/4 left ventricular systolic dysfunction was reported. One patient (2%) had acute myocardial infarction, leading to cardiac death. In vitro, western blotting results showed that the levels of ANP, BNP, c-Myc and Cleaved Caspase3 were notably increased and cardiomyocyte apoptosis was strikingly increased in anlotinib group, as detected by TUNEL staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS Our study results showed that anlotinib could induce rat cardiomyocytes apoptosis. Nonetheless, anlotinib-associated cardiovascular toxicity was acceptable and manageable for patients with unresectable tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueguang Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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5
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MacRae CA, Peterson RT. Zebrafish as a Mainstream Model for In Vivo Systems Pharmacology and Toxicology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:43-64. [PMID: 36151053 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051421-105617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacology and toxicology are part of a much broader effort to understand the relationship between chemistry and biology. While biomedicine has necessarily focused on specific cases, typically of direct human relevance, there are real advantages in pursuing more systematic approaches to characterizing how health and disease are influenced by small molecules and other interventions. In this context, the zebrafish is now established as the representative screenable vertebrate and, through ongoing advances in the available scale of genome editing and automated phenotyping, is beginning to address systems-level solutions to some biomedical problems. The addition of broader efforts to integrate information content across preclinical model organisms and the incorporation of rigorous analytics, including closed-loop deep learning, will facilitate efforts to create systems pharmacology and toxicology with the ability to continuously optimize chemical biological interactions around societal needs. In this review, we outline progress toward this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum A MacRae
- Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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6
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Liang F, Zhang K, Ma W, Zhan H, Sun Q, Xie L, Zhao Z. Impaired autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics are involved in Sorafenib-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Toxicology 2022; 481:153348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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7
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Liang Z, He Y, Hu X. Cardio-Oncology: Mechanisms, Drug Combinations, and Reverse Cardio-Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810617. [PMID: 36142538 PMCID: PMC9501315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy have brought hope to cancer patients. With the prolongation of survival of cancer patients and increased clinical experience, cancer-therapy-induced cardiovascular toxicity has attracted attention. The adverse effects of cancer therapy that can lead to life-threatening or induce long-term morbidity require rational approaches to prevention and treatment, which requires deeper understanding of the molecular biology underpinning the disease. In addition to the drugs used widely for cardio-protection, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations are also efficacious and can be expected to achieve “personalized treatment” from multiple perspectives. Moreover, the increased prevalence of cancer in patients with cardiovascular disease has spurred the development of “reverse cardio-oncology”, which underscores the urgency of collaboration between cardiologists and oncologists. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which cancer therapy induces cardiovascular toxicity, the combination of antineoplastic and cardioprotective drugs, and recent advances in reverse cardio-oncology.
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8
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Scott SS, Greenlee AN, Matzko A, Stein M, Naughton MT, Zaramo TZ, Schwendeman EJ, Mohammad SJ, Diallo M, Revan R, Shimmin G, Tarun S, Ferrall J, Ho TH, Smith SA. Intracellular Signaling Pathways Mediating Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Cardiotoxicity. Heart Fail Clin 2022; 18:425-442. [PMID: 35718417 PMCID: PMC10391230 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used to treat several cancers; however, a myriad of adverse cardiotoxic effects remain a primary concern. Although hypertension (HTN) is the most common adverse effect reported with TKI therapy, incidents of arrhythmias (eg, QT prolongation, atrial fibrillation) and heart failure are also prevalent. These complications warrant further research toward understanding the mechanisms of TKI-induced cardiotoxicity. Recent literature has given some insight into the intracellular signaling pathways that may mediate TKI-induced cardiac dysfunction. In this article, we discuss the cardiotoxic effects of TKIs on cardiomyocyte function, signaling, and possible treatments.
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9
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Harnessing RKIP to Combat Heart Disease and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040867. [PMID: 35205615 PMCID: PMC8870036 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and heart disease are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These diseases have common risk factors, common molecular signaling pathways that are central to their pathogenesis, and even some disease phenotypes that are interdependent. Thus, a detailed understanding of common regulators is critical for the development of new and synergistic therapeutic strategies. The Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) is a regulator of the cellular kinome that functions to maintain cellular robustness and prevent the progression of diseases including heart disease and cancer. Two of the key signaling pathways controlled by RKIP are the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling to protein kinase A (PKA), particularly in the heart, and the MAP kinase cascade Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 that regulates multiple diseases. The goal of this review is to discuss how we can leverage RKIP to suppress cancer without incurring deleterious effects on the heart. Specifically, we discuss: (1) How RKIP functions to either suppress or activate βAR (PKA) and ERK1/2 signaling; (2) How we can prevent cancer-promoting kinase signaling while at the same time avoiding cardiotoxicity.
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10
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RARG variant predictive of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity identifies a cardioprotective therapy. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:2076-2089.e7. [PMID: 34525346 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is an anthracycline chemotherapy agent effective in treating a wide range of malignancies, but its use is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. A recent genome-wide association study identified a SNP (rs2229774) in retinoic acid receptor-γ (RARG) as statistically associated with increased risk of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we show that human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from patients with rs2229774 and who suffered doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) are more sensitive to doxorubicin. We determine that the mechanism of this RARG variant effect is mediated via suppression of topoisomerase 2β (TOP2B) expression and activation of the cardioprotective extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. We use patient-specific hiPSC-CMs as a drug discovery platform, determining that the RARG agonist CD1530 attenuates DIC, and we confirm this cardioprotective effect in an established in vivo mouse model of DIC. This study provides a rationale for clinical prechemotherapy genetic screening for rs2229774 and a foundation for the clinical use of RARG agonist treatment to protect cancer patients from DIC.
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11
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Heliste J, Jokilammi A, Vaparanta K, Paatero I, Elenius K. Combined genetic and chemical screens indicate protective potential for EGFR inhibition to cardiomyocytes under hypoxia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16661. [PMID: 34404849 PMCID: PMC8371130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The return of blood flow to ischemic heart after myocardial infarction causes ischemia-reperfusion injury. There is a clinical need for novel therapeutic targets to treat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here we screened for targets for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury using a combination of shRNA and drug library analyses in HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation. The shRNA library included lentiviral constructs targeting 4625 genes and the drug library 689 chemical compounds approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Data were analyzed using protein-protein interaction and pathway analyses. EGFR inhibition was identified as a cardioprotective mechanism in both approaches. Inhibition of EGFR kinase activity with gefitinib improved cardiomyocyte viability in vitro. In addition, gefitinib preserved cardiac contractility in zebrafish embryos exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation in vivo. These findings indicate that the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib is a potential candidate for further studies of repurposing the drug for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Heliste
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Jokilammi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Katri Vaparanta
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland. .,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, PO Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
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12
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Kumar D, Baligar P, Srivastav R, Narad P, Raj S, Tandon C, Tandon S. Stem Cell Based Preclinical Drug Development and Toxicity Prediction. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2237-2251. [PMID: 33076801 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201019104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell based toxicity prediction plays a very important role in the development of the drug. Unexpected adverse effects of the drugs during clinical trials are a major reason for the termination or withdrawal of drugs. Methods for predicting toxicity employ in vitro as well as in vivo models; however, the major drawback seen in the data derived from these animal models is the lack of extrapolation, owing to interspecies variations. Due to these limitations, researchers have been striving to develop more robust drug screening platforms based on stem cells. The application of stem cells based toxicity testing has opened up robust methods to study the impact of new chemical entities on not only specific cell types, but also organs. Pluripotent stem cells, as well as cells derived from them, can be evaluated for modulation of cell function in response to drugs. Moreover, the combination of state-of-the -art techniques such as tissue engineering and microfluidics to fabricate organ- on-a-chip, has led to assays which are amenable to high throughput screening to understand the adverse and toxic effects of chemicals and drugs. This review summarizes the important aspects of the establishment of the embryonic stem cell test (EST), use of stem cells, pluripotent, induced pluripotent stem cells and organoids for toxicity prediction and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Prakash Baligar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Rajpal Srivastav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Priyanka Narad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Sibi Raj
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Chanderdeep Tandon
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Simran Tandon
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
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13
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Asnani A, Moslehi JJ, Adhikari BB, Baik AH, Beyer AM, de Boer RA, Ghigo A, Grumbach IM, Jain S, Zhu H. Preclinical Models of Cancer Therapy-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicity: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2021; 129:e21-e34. [PMID: 33934611 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although cardiovascular toxicity from traditional chemotherapies has been well recognized for decades, the recent explosion of effective novel targeted cancer therapies with cardiovascular sequelae has driven the emergence of cardio-oncology as a new clinical and research field. Cardiovascular toxicity associated with cancer therapy can manifest as a broad range of potentially life-threatening complications, including heart failure, arrhythmia, myocarditis, and vascular events. Beyond toxicology, the intersection of cancer and heart disease has blossomed to include discovery of genetic and environmental risk factors that predispose to both. There is a pressing need to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity to improve outcomes in patients with cancer. Preclinical cardiovascular models, ranging from cellular assays to large animals, serve as the foundation for mechanistic studies, with the ultimate goal of identifying biologically sound biomarkers and cardioprotective therapies that allow the optimal use of cancer treatments while minimizing toxicities. Given that novel cancer therapies target specific pathways integral to normal cardiovascular homeostasis, a better mechanistic understanding of toxicity may provide insights into fundamental pathways that lead to cardiovascular disease when dysregulated. The goal of this scientific statement is to summarize the strengths and weaknesses of preclinical models of cancer therapy-associated cardiovascular toxicity, to highlight overlapping mechanisms driving cancer and cardiovascular disease, and to discuss opportunities to leverage cardio-oncology models to address important mechanistic questions relevant to all patients with cardiovascular disease, including those with and without cancer.
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14
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Grabowska ME, Chun B, Moya R, Saucerman JJ. Computational model of cardiomyocyte apoptosis identifies mechanisms of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced cardiotoxicity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 155:66-77. [PMID: 33667419 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite clinical observations of cardiotoxicity among cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the molecular mechanisms by which these drugs affect the heart remain largely unknown. Mechanistic understanding of TKI-induced cardiotoxicity has been limited in part due to the complexity of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways and the multi-targeted nature of many of these drugs. TKI treatment has been associated with reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. To gain insight into the mechanisms mediating TKI-induced cardiotoxicity, this study constructs and validates a computational model of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, integrating intrinsic apoptotic and tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. The model predicts high levels of apoptosis in response to sorafenib, sunitinib, ponatinib, trastuzumab, and gefitinib, and lower levels of apoptosis in response to nilotinib and erlotinib, with the highest level of apoptosis induced by sorafenib. Knockdown simulations identified AP1, ASK1, JNK, MEK47, p53, and ROS as positive functional regulators of sorafenib-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Overexpression simulations identified Akt, IGF1, PDK1, and PI3K among the negative functional regulators of sorafenib-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. A combinatorial screen of the positive and negative regulators of sorafenib-induced apoptosis revealed ROS knockdown coupled with overexpression of FLT3, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, or KIT as a particularly potent combination in reducing sorafenib-induced apoptosis. Network simulations of combinatorial treatment with sorafenib and the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) suggest that NAC may protect cardiomyocytes from sorafenib-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika E Grabowska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia; Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Bryan Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia; Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Raquel Moya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia; Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia; Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
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15
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Lane S, More LA, Asnani A. Zebrafish Models of Cancer Therapy-Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8020008. [PMID: 33499052 PMCID: PMC7911266 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review: Both traditional and novel cancer therapies can cause cardiovascular toxicity in patients. In vivo models integrating both cardiovascular and cancer phenotypes allow for the study of on- and off-target mechanisms of toxicity arising from these agents. The zebrafish is the optimal whole organism model to screen for cardiotoxicity in a high throughput manner, while simultaneously assessing the role of cardiotoxicity pathways on the cancer therapy’s antitumor effect. Here we highlight established zebrafish models of human cardiovascular disease and cancer, the unique advantages of zebrafish to study mechanisms of cancer therapy-associated cardiovascular toxicity, and finally, important limitations to consider when using the zebrafish to study toxicity. Recent findings: Cancer therapy-associated cardiovascular toxicities range from cardiomyopathy with traditional agents to arrhythmias and thrombotic complications associated with newer targeted therapies. The zebrafish can be used to identify novel therapeutic strategies that selectively protect the heart from cancer therapy without affecting antitumor activity. Advances in genome editing technology have enabled the creation of several transgenic zebrafish lines valuable to the study of cardiovascular and cancer pathophysiology. Summary: The high degree of genetic conservation between zebrafish and humans, as well as the ability to recapitulate cardiotoxic phenotypes observed in patients with cancer, make the zebrafish an effective model to study cancer therapy-associated cardiovascular toxicity. Though this model provides several key benefits over existing in vitro and in vivo models, limitations of the zebrafish model include the early developmental stage required for most high-throughput applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lane
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.L.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Luis Alberto More
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.L.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Aarti Asnani
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.L.); (L.A.M.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Dobbin SJ, Petrie MC, Myles RC, Touyz RM, Lang NN. Cardiotoxic effects of angiogenesis inhibitors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:71-100. [PMID: 33404052 PMCID: PMC7812690 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of new therapies for cancer has led to dramatic improvements in survivorship. Angiogenesis inhibitors represent one such advancement, revolutionising treatment for a wide range of malignancies. However, these drugs are associated with cardiovascular toxicities which can impact optimal cancer treatment in the short-term and may lead to increased morbidity and mortality in the longer term. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (VEGFIs) are associated with hypertension, left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and heart failure as well as arterial and venous thromboembolism, QTc interval prolongation and arrhythmia. The mechanisms behind the development of VEGFI-associated LVSD and heart failure likely involve the combination of a number of myocardial insults. These include direct myocardial effects, as well as secondary toxicity via coronary or peripheral vascular damage. Cardiac toxicity may result from the 'on-target' effects of VEGF inhibition or 'off-target' effects resulting from inhibition of other tyrosine kinases. Similar mechanisms may be involved in the development of VEGFI-associated right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Some VEGFIs can be associated with QTc interval prolongation and an increased risk of ventricular and atrial arrhythmia. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies and trials are needed to better understand the impact of VEGFI on the cardiovascular system. Once mechanisms are elucidated, therapies can be investigated in clinical trials and surveillance strategies for identifying VEGFI-associated cardiovascular complications can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J.H. Dobbin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Mark C. Petrie
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Rachel C. Myles
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Ninian N. Lang
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
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17
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Jiang L, Ping L, Yan H, Yang X, He Q, Xu Z, Luo P. Cardiovascular toxicity induced by anti-VEGF/VEGFR agents: a special focus on definitions, diagnoses, mechanisms and management. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:823-835. [PMID: 32597258 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1787986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key target in cancer therapy. However, cardiovascular safety has been one of the most challenging aspects of anti-VEGF/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) agent development and therapy. While accurate diagnostic modalities for assessment of cardiac function have been developed over the past few decades, a lack of an optimal definition and precise mechanism still places a significant limit on the effective management of cardiovascular toxicity. AREAS COVERED Here, we report the cardiovascular toxicity profile associated with anti-VEGF/VEGFR agents and summarize the clinical diagnoses as well as management that are already performed in clinical practice or are currently being investigated. Furthermore, the review discusses the potential molecular toxicological mechanisms, which may provide strategies to prevent toxicity and drive drug discovery. EXPERT OPINION Cardiovascular toxicity associated with anti-VEGF/VEGFR agents has been a substantial risk for cancer treatment. To improve its management, the development of guidelines for prevention, monitoring and treatment of cardiovascular toxicity has become a hot topic. The summary of cardiovascular toxicity profile, mechanisms and management given in this review is not only significant for the optimal use of existing anti-VEGF/VEGFR agents to protect patients predisposed to cardiovascular toxicity but is also beneficial for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Jiang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Li Ping
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Hao Yan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
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18
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Ma W, Wei S, Zhang B, Li W. Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiomyocyte Death in Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:434. [PMID: 32582710 PMCID: PMC7283551 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic regulation of cardiomyocytes plays a crucial role in maintaining the normal physiological activity of cardiac tissue. Severe cardiotoxicity results in cardiac diseases including but not limited to arrhythmia, myocardial infarction and myocardial hypertrophy. Drug-induced cardiotoxicity limits or forbids further use of the implicated drugs. Such drugs that are currently available in the clinic include anti-tumor drugs (doxorubicin, cisplatin, trastuzumab, etc.), antidiabetic drugs (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone), and an antiviral drug (zidovudine). This review focused on cardiomyocyte death forms and related mechanisms underlying clinical drug-induced cardiotoxicity, including apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, necroptosis, pryoptosis, and ferroptosis. The key proteins involved in cardiomyocyte death signaling were discussed and evaluated, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and target for the prevention and treatment of drug-induced cardiotoxicity in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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19
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Singh AP, Glennon MS, Umbarkar P, Gupte M, Galindo CL, Zhang Q, Force T, Becker JR, Lal H. Ponatinib-induced cardiotoxicity: delineating the signalling mechanisms and potential rescue strategies. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:966-977. [PMID: 30629146 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML). However, cardiotoxicity of these agents remains a serious concern. The underlying mechanism of these adverse cardiac effects is largely unknown. Delineation of the underlying mechanisms of TKIs associated cardiac dysfunction could guide potential prevention strategies, rescue approaches, and future drug design. This study aimed to determine the cardiotoxic potential of approved CML TKIs, define the associated signalling mechanism and identify potential alternatives. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we employed a zebrafish transgenic BNP reporter line that expresses luciferase under control of the nppb promoter (nppb:F-Luciferase) to assess the cardiotoxicity of all approved CML TKIs. Our in vivo screen identified ponatinib as the most cardiotoxic agent among the approved CML TKIs. Then using a combination of zebrafish and isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, we delineated the signalling mechanism of ponatinib-induced cardiotoxicity by demonstrating that ponatinib inhibits cardiac prosurvival signalling pathways AKT and extra-cellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis. As a proof of concept, we augmented AKT and ERK signalling by administration of Neuregulin-1β (NRG-1β), and this prevented ponatinib-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We also demonstrate that ponatinib-induced cardiotoxicity is not mediated by inhibition of fibroblast growth factor signalling, a well-known target of ponatinib. Finally, our comparative profiling for the cardiotoxic potential of CML approved TKIs, identified asciminib (ABL001) as a potentially much less cardiotoxic treatment option for CML patients with the T315I mutation. CONCLUSION Herein, we used a combination of in vivo and in vitro methods to systematically screen CML TKIs for cardiotoxicity, identify novel molecular mechanisms for TKI cardiotoxicity, and identify less cardiotoxic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand P Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael S Glennon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop, BST E1258, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manisha Gupte
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cristi L Galindo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qinkun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas Force
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jason R Becker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop, BST E1258, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hind Lal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB#348A, Nashville, TN, USA
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20
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Musunuru K, Bernstein D, Cole FS, Khokha MK, Lee FS, Lin S, McDonald TV, Moskowitz IP, Quertermous T, Sankaran VG, Schwartz DA, Silverman EK, Zhou X, Hasan AAK, Luo XZJ. Functional Assays to Screen and Dissect Genomic Hits: Doubling Down on the National Investment in Genomic Research. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 11:e002178. [PMID: 29654098 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.118.002178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The National Institutes of Health have made substantial investments in genomic studies and technologies to identify DNA sequence variants associated with human disease phenotypes. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has been at the forefront of these commitments to ascertain genetic variation associated with heart, lung, blood, and sleep diseases and related clinical traits. Genome-wide association studies, exome- and genome-sequencing studies, and exome-genotyping studies of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-funded epidemiological and clinical case-control studies are identifying large numbers of genetic variants associated with heart, lung, blood, and sleep phenotypes. However, investigators face challenges in identification of genomic variants that are functionally disruptive among the myriad of computationally implicated variants. Studies to define mechanisms of genetic disruption encoded by computationally identified genomic variants require reproducible, adaptable, and inexpensive methods to screen candidate variant and gene function. High-throughput strategies will permit a tiered variant discovery and genetic mechanism approach that begins with rapid functional screening of a large number of computationally implicated variants and genes for discovery of those that merit mechanistic investigation. As such, improved variant-to-gene and gene-to-function screens-and adequate support for such studies-are critical to accelerating the translation of genomic findings. In this White Paper, we outline the variety of novel technologies, assays, and model systems that are making such screens faster, cheaper, and more accurate, referencing published work and ongoing work supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's R21/R33 Functional Assays to Screen Genomic Hits program. We discuss priorities that can accelerate the impressive but incomplete progress represented by big data genomic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Musunuru
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (K.M.), Department of Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.S.L.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Department of Pediatrics (D.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (D.B., T.Q.), and Department of Medicine (T.Q.), Stanford University, CA. Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S.C.). St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO (F.S.C.). Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.K.K.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (T.V.M.). Department of Pediatrics (I.P.M.), Department of Pathology (I.P.M.), and Department of Human Genetics (I.P.M.), The University of Chicago, IL. Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (V.G.S.). Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (V.G.S.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.K.S., X.Z.), Harvard Medical School, Boston. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (V.G.S.). University of Colorado, Aurora (D.A.S.). Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.A.K.H., X.-z.J.L.).
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (K.M.), Department of Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.S.L.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Department of Pediatrics (D.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (D.B., T.Q.), and Department of Medicine (T.Q.), Stanford University, CA. Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S.C.). St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO (F.S.C.). Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.K.K.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (T.V.M.). Department of Pediatrics (I.P.M.), Department of Pathology (I.P.M.), and Department of Human Genetics (I.P.M.), The University of Chicago, IL. Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (V.G.S.). Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (V.G.S.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.K.S., X.Z.), Harvard Medical School, Boston. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (V.G.S.). University of Colorado, Aurora (D.A.S.). Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.A.K.H., X.-z.J.L.)
| | - F Sessions Cole
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (K.M.), Department of Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.S.L.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Department of Pediatrics (D.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (D.B., T.Q.), and Department of Medicine (T.Q.), Stanford University, CA. Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S.C.). St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO (F.S.C.). Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.K.K.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (T.V.M.). Department of Pediatrics (I.P.M.), Department of Pathology (I.P.M.), and Department of Human Genetics (I.P.M.), The University of Chicago, IL. Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (V.G.S.). Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (V.G.S.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.K.S., X.Z.), Harvard Medical School, Boston. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (V.G.S.). University of Colorado, Aurora (D.A.S.). Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.A.K.H., X.-z.J.L.)
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (K.M.), Department of Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.S.L.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Department of Pediatrics (D.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (D.B., T.Q.), and Department of Medicine (T.Q.), Stanford University, CA. Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S.C.). St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO (F.S.C.). Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.K.K.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (T.V.M.). Department of Pediatrics (I.P.M.), Department of Pathology (I.P.M.), and Department of Human Genetics (I.P.M.), The University of Chicago, IL. Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (V.G.S.). Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (V.G.S.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.K.S., X.Z.), Harvard Medical School, Boston. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (V.G.S.). University of Colorado, Aurora (D.A.S.). Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.A.K.H., X.-z.J.L.)
| | - Frank S Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (K.M.), Department of Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.S.L.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Department of Pediatrics (D.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (D.B., T.Q.), and Department of Medicine (T.Q.), Stanford University, CA. Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S.C.). St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO (F.S.C.). Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.K.K.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (T.V.M.). Department of Pediatrics (I.P.M.), Department of Pathology (I.P.M.), and Department of Human Genetics (I.P.M.), The University of Chicago, IL. Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (V.G.S.). Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (V.G.S.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.K.S., X.Z.), Harvard Medical School, Boston. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (V.G.S.). University of Colorado, Aurora (D.A.S.). Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.A.K.H., X.-z.J.L.)
| | - Shin Lin
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (K.M.), Department of Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.S.L.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Department of Pediatrics (D.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (D.B., T.Q.), and Department of Medicine (T.Q.), Stanford University, CA. Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S.C.). St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO (F.S.C.). Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.K.K.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (T.V.M.). Department of Pediatrics (I.P.M.), Department of Pathology (I.P.M.), and Department of Human Genetics (I.P.M.), The University of Chicago, IL. Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (V.G.S.). Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (V.G.S.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.K.S., X.Z.), Harvard Medical School, Boston. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (V.G.S.). University of Colorado, Aurora (D.A.S.). Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.A.K.H., X.-z.J.L.)
| | - Thomas V McDonald
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (K.M.), Department of Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.S.L.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Department of Pediatrics (D.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (D.B., T.Q.), and Department of Medicine (T.Q.), Stanford University, CA. Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S.C.). St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO (F.S.C.). Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.K.K.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (T.V.M.). Department of Pediatrics (I.P.M.), Department of Pathology (I.P.M.), and Department of Human Genetics (I.P.M.), The University of Chicago, IL. Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (V.G.S.). Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (V.G.S.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.K.S., X.Z.), Harvard Medical School, Boston. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (V.G.S.). University of Colorado, Aurora (D.A.S.). Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.A.K.H., X.-z.J.L.)
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (K.M.), Department of Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.S.L.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Department of Pediatrics (D.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (D.B., T.Q.), and Department of Medicine (T.Q.), Stanford University, CA. Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S.C.). St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO (F.S.C.). Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.K.K.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (T.V.M.). Department of Pediatrics (I.P.M.), Department of Pathology (I.P.M.), and Department of Human Genetics (I.P.M.), The University of Chicago, IL. Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (V.G.S.). Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (V.G.S.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.K.S., X.Z.), Harvard Medical School, Boston. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (V.G.S.). University of Colorado, Aurora (D.A.S.). Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.A.K.H., X.-z.J.L.)
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (K.M.), Department of Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.S.L.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Department of Pediatrics (D.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (D.B., T.Q.), and Department of Medicine (T.Q.), Stanford University, CA. Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S.C.). St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO (F.S.C.). Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.K.K.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (T.V.M.). Department of Pediatrics (I.P.M.), Department of Pathology (I.P.M.), and Department of Human Genetics (I.P.M.), The University of Chicago, IL. Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (V.G.S.). Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (V.G.S.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.K.S., X.Z.), Harvard Medical School, Boston. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (V.G.S.). University of Colorado, Aurora (D.A.S.). Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.A.K.H., X.-z.J.L.)
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (K.M.), Department of Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.S.L.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Department of Pediatrics (D.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (D.B., T.Q.), and Department of Medicine (T.Q.), Stanford University, CA. Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S.C.). St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO (F.S.C.). Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.K.K.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (T.V.M.). Department of Pediatrics (I.P.M.), Department of Pathology (I.P.M.), and Department of Human Genetics (I.P.M.), The University of Chicago, IL. Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (V.G.S.). Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (V.G.S.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.K.S., X.Z.), Harvard Medical School, Boston. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (V.G.S.). University of Colorado, Aurora (D.A.S.). Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.A.K.H., X.-z.J.L.)
| | - David A Schwartz
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (K.M.), Department of Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.S.L.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Department of Pediatrics (D.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (D.B., T.Q.), and Department of Medicine (T.Q.), Stanford University, CA. Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S.C.). St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO (F.S.C.). Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.K.K.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (T.V.M.). Department of Pediatrics (I.P.M.), Department of Pathology (I.P.M.), and Department of Human Genetics (I.P.M.), The University of Chicago, IL. Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (V.G.S.). Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (V.G.S.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.K.S., X.Z.), Harvard Medical School, Boston. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (V.G.S.). University of Colorado, Aurora (D.A.S.). Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.A.K.H., X.-z.J.L.)
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (K.M.), Department of Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.S.L.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Department of Pediatrics (D.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (D.B., T.Q.), and Department of Medicine (T.Q.), Stanford University, CA. Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S.C.). St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO (F.S.C.). Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.K.K.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (T.V.M.). Department of Pediatrics (I.P.M.), Department of Pathology (I.P.M.), and Department of Human Genetics (I.P.M.), The University of Chicago, IL. Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (V.G.S.). Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (V.G.S.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.K.S., X.Z.), Harvard Medical School, Boston. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (V.G.S.). University of Colorado, Aurora (D.A.S.). Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.A.K.H., X.-z.J.L.)
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (K.M.), Department of Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.S.L.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Department of Pediatrics (D.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (D.B., T.Q.), and Department of Medicine (T.Q.), Stanford University, CA. Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S.C.). St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO (F.S.C.). Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.K.K.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (T.V.M.). Department of Pediatrics (I.P.M.), Department of Pathology (I.P.M.), and Department of Human Genetics (I.P.M.), The University of Chicago, IL. Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (V.G.S.). Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (V.G.S.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.K.S., X.Z.), Harvard Medical School, Boston. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (V.G.S.). University of Colorado, Aurora (D.A.S.). Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.A.K.H., X.-z.J.L.)
| | - Ahmed A K Hasan
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (K.M.), Department of Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.S.L.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Department of Pediatrics (D.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (D.B., T.Q.), and Department of Medicine (T.Q.), Stanford University, CA. Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S.C.). St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO (F.S.C.). Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.K.K.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (T.V.M.). Department of Pediatrics (I.P.M.), Department of Pathology (I.P.M.), and Department of Human Genetics (I.P.M.), The University of Chicago, IL. Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (V.G.S.). Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (V.G.S.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.K.S., X.Z.), Harvard Medical School, Boston. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (V.G.S.). University of Colorado, Aurora (D.A.S.). Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.A.K.H., X.-z.J.L.)
| | - Xiao-Zhong James Luo
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (K.M.), Department of Genetics (K.M.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (F.S.L.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Department of Pediatrics (D.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (D.B., T.Q.), and Department of Medicine (T.Q.), Stanford University, CA. Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (F.S.C.). St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO (F.S.C.). Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.K.K.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (T.V.M.). Department of Pediatrics (I.P.M.), Department of Pathology (I.P.M.), and Department of Human Genetics (I.P.M.), The University of Chicago, IL. Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (V.G.S.). Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (V.G.S.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (E.K.S., X.Z.), Harvard Medical School, Boston. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (V.G.S.). University of Colorado, Aurora (D.A.S.). Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.A.K.H., X.-z.J.L.)
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21
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Kithcart AP, MacRae CA. Zebrafish assay development for cardiovascular disease mechanism and drug discovery. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 138:126-131. [PMID: 30518489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.
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22
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Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with lenvatinib therapy for thyroid cancer: a case report and review. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28281-28289. [PMID: 29963277 PMCID: PMC6021337 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As immunotherapies including tyrosine kinase inhibitors become more widely used for the treatment of a variety of malignancies, it is important for prescribers and patients to understand the potential adverse effects associated with these drugs. It is especially important to understand the potentially fatal side effects associated with these drugs to further determine risk factors for their development. The review presents a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with concomitant Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, associated with use of lenvatinib therapy for thyroid cancer. It discusses the interventions performed and outcome. Potential mechanisms for development of these rare adverse effects, as well as cases in which these adverse effects are seen with use of other tyrosine-kinase inhibitors will be presented. It is important to continue to report these side effects, and further studies are needed to elucidate potential risk factors for their development, as well as to determine prognosis after development.
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23
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Zebrafish heart failure models: opportunities and challenges. Amino Acids 2018; 50:787-798. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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24
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25
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Yang X, Huang Q, Bardelang D, Wang C, Lee SMY, Wang R. Supramolecular alleviation of cardiotoxicity of a small-molecule kinase inhibitor. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:8046-8053. [PMID: 28795750 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01505d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) have been widely used in the treatment of a variety of cancers due to their clinically demonstrated efficacy. However, the use of some SMKIs, such as sorafenib (SO), has been plagued by their cardiotoxicity that has been frequently observed in treated patients. Herein we report that the encapsulation of SO by a synthetic receptor cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) alleviated the inherent cardiotoxicity of SO, as demonstrated in an in vivo zebrafish model. Moreover, the anti-cancer activity of SO was well preserved, upon its encapsulation by CB[7], as demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo cancer/angiogenesis models. This discovery may provide new insights into a novel supramolecular formulation of SMKIs for the management of their side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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26
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Abstract
The therapeutic options available to treat a wide range of malignancies are rapidly increasing. At the same time, the population being treated is aging with more cardiovascular risk factors, comorbid conditions, and associated poor cardiac reserve. Both traditional chemotherapeutic agents (for example, anthracyclines) and newer therapies (for example, targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors) have demonstrated profound cardiovascular toxicities. It is important to understand the mechanisms of these toxicities to establish strategies for the prevention and management of complications—arrhythmias, heart failure, and even death. In the first of this two-part review series, we focus on what is known and hypothesized about the mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity from anthracyclines, HER2/ErbB2 inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Markman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maurie Markman
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America at Eastern Regional Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Yang B, Papoian T. Preclinical approaches to assess potential kinase inhibitor-induced cardiac toxicity: Past, present and future. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:790-800. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baichun Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; Food and Drug Administration; 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring MD 20993 USA
| | - Thomas Papoian
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; Food and Drug Administration; 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring MD 20993 USA
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28
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Sharma A, Burridge PW, McKeithan WL, Serrano R, Shukla P, Sayed N, Churko JM, Kitani T, Wu H, Holmström A, Matsa E, Zhang Y, Kumar A, Fan AC, Del Álamo JC, Wu SM, Moslehi JJ, Mercola M, Wu JC. High-throughput screening of tyrosine kinase inhibitor cardiotoxicity with human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/377/eaaf2584. [PMID: 28202772 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), despite their efficacy as anticancer therapeutics, are associated with cardiovascular side effects ranging from induced arrhythmias to heart failure. We used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), generated from 11 healthy individuals and 2 patients receiving cancer treatment, to screen U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved TKIs for cardiotoxicities by measuring alterations in cardiomyocyte viability, contractility, electrophysiology, calcium handling, and signaling. With these data, we generated a "cardiac safety index" to reflect the cardiotoxicities of existing TKIs. TKIs with low cardiac safety indices exhibit cardiotoxicity in patients. We also derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) and cardiac fibroblasts (hiPSC-CFs) to examine cell type-specific cardiotoxicities. Using high-throughput screening, we determined that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-inhibiting TKIs caused cardiotoxicity in hiPSC-CMs, hiPSC-ECs, and hiPSC-CFs. With phosphoprotein analysis, we determined that VEGFR2/PDGFR-inhibiting TKIs led to a compensatory increase in cardioprotective insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in hiPSC-CMs. Up-regulating cardioprotective signaling with exogenous insulin or IGF1 improved hiPSC-CM viability during cotreatment with cardiotoxic VEGFR2/PDGFR-inhibiting TKIs. Thus, hiPSC-CMs can be used to screen for cardiovascular toxicities associated with anticancer TKIs, and the results correlate with clinical phenotypes. This approach provides unexpected insights, as illustrated by our finding that toxicity can be alleviated via cardioprotective insulin/IGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wesley L McKeithan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ricardo Serrano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA
| | - Praveen Shukla
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jared M Churko
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tomoya Kitani
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexandra Holmström
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elena Matsa
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anusha Kumar
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alice C Fan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Juan C Del Álamo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Javid J Moslehi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardio-Oncology Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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29
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Kinase inhibitor screening using artificial neural networks and engineered cardiac biowires. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11807. [PMID: 28924210 PMCID: PMC5603510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors are often used as cancer targeting agents for their ability to prevent the activation of cell growth and proliferation signals. Cardiotoxic effects have been identified for some marketed kinase inhibitors that were not detected during clinical trials. We hypothesize that more predictive cardiac functional assessments of kinase inhibitors on human myocardium can be established by combining a high-throughput two-dimensional (2D) screening assay and a high-content three-dimensional (3D) engineered cardiac tissue (BiowireTM) based assay, and using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs (hiPSC-CMs). A subset (80) of compounds from the GlaxoSmithKline published kinase inhibitor set were tested on hiPSC-CM monolayers and significant effects on cell viability, calcium transients, and contraction frequency were observed. Artificial neural network modelling was then used to analyze the experimental results in an efficient and unbiased manner to select for kinase inhibitors with minimal effects on cell viability and function. Inhibitors of specific interest based on the modeling were evaluated in the 3D Biowire tissues. The three-dimensional Biowire platform eliminated oversensitivity in detecting both Ca2+ transient amplitude enhancements as well as the acute detrimental effects on cell viability due to the kinase inhibitor application as compared to the monolayer testing.
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30
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Zheng PP, Li J, Kros JM. Breakthroughs in modern cancer therapy and elusive cardiotoxicity: Critical research-practice gaps, challenges, and insights. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:325-376. [PMID: 28862319 PMCID: PMC5763363 DOI: 10.1002/med.21463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, five cancer treatment modalities have been defined. The three traditional modalities of cancer treatment are surgery, radiotherapy, and conventional chemotherapy, and the two modern modalities include molecularly targeted therapy (the fourth modality) and immunotherapy (the fifth modality). The cardiotoxicity associated with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy is well known. Similar adverse cardiac events are resurging with the fourth modality. Aside from the conventional and newer targeted agents, even the most newly developed, immune‐based therapeutic modalities of anticancer treatment (the fifth modality), e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy, have unfortunately led to potentially lethal cardiotoxicity in patients. Cardiac complications represent unresolved and potentially life‐threatening conditions in cancer survivors, while effective clinical management remains quite challenging. As a consequence, morbidity and mortality related to cardiac complications now threaten to offset some favorable benefits of modern cancer treatments in cancer‐related survival, regardless of the oncologic prognosis. This review focuses on identifying critical research‐practice gaps, addressing real‐world challenges and pinpointing real‐time insights in general terms under the context of clinical cardiotoxicity induced by the fourth and fifth modalities of cancer treatment. The information ranges from basic science to clinical management in the field of cardio‐oncology and crosses the interface between oncology and onco‐pharmacology. The complexity of the ongoing clinical problem is addressed at different levels. A better understanding of these research‐practice gaps may advance research initiatives on the development of mechanism‐based diagnoses and treatments for the effective clinical management of cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Pin Zheng
- Cardio-Oncology Research Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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31
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Bernstein D. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: A Platform for Testing For Drug Cardiotoxicity. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2017; 46:2-6. [PMID: 29200805 PMCID: PMC5708578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Off-target cardiotoxicity has been a significant impediment to the development of new drugs. Traditional platforms for screening for cardiotoxicity are both overly sensitive and limited in their ability to predict cardiotoxicity that is often only uncovered after years of clinical use. A major impediment has been the lack of a human cardiomyocyte cell line. The recent discovery that adult somatic human cells (white blood cells or skin fibroblasts) can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and then differentiated into beating cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) provides an exciting new platform for drug cardiotoxicity and efficacy testing. One major advantage of using patient-derived hiPSC-CMs for drug testing is their ability to recapitulate population genetic variations (single nucleotide polymorphisms) that influence drug toxicity, providing a powerful new tool in the field of pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, California USA
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32
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Patras de Campaigno E, Bondon‐Guitton E, Laurent G, Montastruc F, Montastruc J, Lapeyre‐Mestre M, Despas F. Identification of cellular targets involved in cardiac failure caused by PKI in oncology: an approach combining pharmacovigilance and pharmacodynamics. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:1544-1555. [PMID: 28098949 PMCID: PMC5465347 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aims of the present study were to evaluate the risk of cardiac failure (CF) associated with 15 anticancer protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) through a case/noncase analysis and to identify which PK(s) and pathways are involved in PKI-induced CF. METHODS In order to evaluate the risk of CF, adjusted reporting odds ratios (aRORs) were calculated for the 15 anticancer PKIs in the World Health Organization safety report database (VigiBase®). We realised a literature review to identify 21 protein kinases (PKs) that were possibly involved in CF caused by PKIs. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) between aRORs and affinity data of the 15 PKIs for the 21 PKs were calculated to identify the cellular target most likely to be involved in PKI-induced CF. RESULTS A total of 141 601 individual case safety reports (ICSRs) were extracted from VigiBase® for the following PKIs: afatinib, axitinib, bosutinib, crizotinib, dasatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, imatinib, lapatinib, nilotinib, pazopanib, ruxolitinib, sorafenib, sunitinib and vandetanib. Among them, 2594 ICSRs concerned CF. The disproportionality analysis revealed that, for dasatinib, imatinib, bosutinib, sunitinib and nilotinib, disproportionality for CF was significantly higher than for other PKIs, with aRORs of 2.52 [95% CI 2.26, 2.82], 1.79 (95% CI 1.57, 2.03), 1.73 (95% CI 1.18, 2.54), 1.67 (95% CI 1.51, 1.84) and 1.38 (95% CI 1.18, 1.61), respectively. Significant values for correlation coefficients between the product of dissociation constant (pKd) and aROR were observed for two non-receptor protein kinases: ABL1 (non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated forms) and ABL2 protein kinases, with values of r = 0.83 (P = 0.0001), r = 0.75 (P = 0.0014) and r = 0.78 (P = 0.0006), respectively. CONCLUSION We observed a higher disproportionality for CF with dasatinib, imatinib, bosutinib, sunitinib and nilotinib than with other PKIs. In addition, the study highlighted the role of ABL tyrosine kinases in CF caused by anticancer PKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Patras de Campaigno
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et CliniqueCHU de Toulouse37 allées Jules Guesde31000ToulouseFrance
- UMR1027, InsermUniversité Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Bondon‐Guitton
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et CliniqueCHU de Toulouse37 allées Jules Guesde31000ToulouseFrance
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Faculté de MédecineUniversité Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
- Centre Midi‐Pyrénées de Pharmacovigilance, de Pharmacoépidémiologie et d'Informations sur le MédicamentCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Guy Laurent
- UMR1027, InsermUniversité Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
- Département d'Hématologie et de médecine InterneInstitut Universitaire du Cancer‐Oncopole1 Avenue Irène Joliot‐CurieToulouseFrance
| | - Francois Montastruc
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et CliniqueCHU de Toulouse37 allées Jules Guesde31000ToulouseFrance
- UMR1027, InsermUniversité Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Faculté de MédecineUniversité Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
- Centre Midi‐Pyrénées de Pharmacovigilance, de Pharmacoépidémiologie et d'Informations sur le MédicamentCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Jean‐Louis Montastruc
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et CliniqueCHU de Toulouse37 allées Jules Guesde31000ToulouseFrance
- UMR1027, InsermUniversité Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Faculté de MédecineUniversité Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
- Centre Midi‐Pyrénées de Pharmacovigilance, de Pharmacoépidémiologie et d'Informations sur le MédicamentCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Maryse Lapeyre‐Mestre
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et CliniqueCHU de Toulouse37 allées Jules Guesde31000ToulouseFrance
- UMR1027, InsermUniversité Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Faculté de MédecineUniversité Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
- INSERM CIC 1436 Toulouse, Centre d'Investigation Clinique de ToulouseCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de ToulouseFrance
| | - Fabien Despas
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et CliniqueCHU de Toulouse37 allées Jules Guesde31000ToulouseFrance
- UMR1027, InsermUniversité Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Faculté de MédecineUniversité Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
- INSERM CIC 1436 Toulouse, Centre d'Investigation Clinique de ToulouseCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de ToulouseFrance
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Lorenz K, Rosner MR, Brand T, Schmitt JP. Raf kinase inhibitor protein: lessons of a better way for β-adrenergic receptor activation in the heart. J Physiol 2017; 595:4073-4087. [PMID: 28444807 PMCID: PMC5471367 DOI: 10.1113/jp274064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) provides the most efficient physiological mechanism to enhance contraction and relaxation of the heart. Activation of βARs allows rapid enhancement of myocardial function in order to fuel the muscles for running and fighting in a fight-or-flight response. Likewise, βARs become activated during cardiovascular disease in an attempt to counteract the restrictions of cardiac output. However, long-term stimulation of βARs increases the likelihood of cardiac arrhythmias, adverse ventricular remodelling, decline of cardiac performance and premature death, thereby limiting the use of βAR agonists in the treatment of heart failure. Recently the endogenous Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) was found to activate βAR signalling of the heart without adverse effects. This review will summarize the current knowledge on RKIP-driven compared to receptor-mediated signalling in cardiomyocytes. Emphasis is given to the differential effects of RKIP on β1 - and β2 -ARs and their downstream targets, the regulation of myocyte calcium cycling and myofilament activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lorenz
- Comprehensive Heart Failure CenterUniversity of WürzburgVersbacher Straße 997078WürzburgGermany
- West German Heart and Vascular Center EssenUniversity Hospital EssenHufelandstraße 5545147EssenGermany
- Leibniz‐Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V.Bunsen‐Kirchhoff‐Straße 1144139DortmundGermany
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of WürzburgVersbacher Straße 997078WürzburgGermany
| | - Marsha Rich Rosner
- Ben May Department for Cancer ResearchUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA
| | - Theresa Brand
- Leibniz‐Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V.Bunsen‐Kirchhoff‐Straße 1144139DortmundGermany
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of WürzburgVersbacher Straße 997078WürzburgGermany
| | - Joachim P Schmitt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical PharmacologyDüsseldorf University HospitalUniverstitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID)Heinrich‐Heine‐UniversityUniverstitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
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Dauti A, Gerstl B, Chong S, Chisholm O, Anazodo A. Improvements in Clinical Trials Information Will Improve the Reproductive Health and Fertility of Cancer Patients. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2017; 6:235-269. [PMID: 28207285 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2016.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a number of barriers that result in cancer patients not being referred for oncofertility care, which include knowledge about reproductive risks of antineoplastic agents. Without this information, clinicians do not always make recommendations for oncofertility care. The objective of this study was to describe the level of reproductive information and recommendations that clinicians have available in clinical trial protocols regarding oncofertility management and follow-up, and the information that patients may receive in clinical trials patient information sheets or consent forms. A literature review of the 71 antineoplastic drugs included in the 68 clinical trial protocols showed that 68% of the antineoplastic drugs had gonadotoxic animal data, 32% had gonadotoxic human data, 83% had teratogenic animal data, and 32% had teratogenic human data. When the clinical trial protocols were reviewed, only 22% of the protocols reported the teratogenic risks and 32% of the protocols reported the gonadotoxic risk. Only 56% of phase 3 protocols had gonadotoxic information and 13% of phase 3 protocols had teratogenic information. Nine percent of the protocols provided fertility preservation recommendations and 4% provided reproductive information in the follow-up and survivorship period. Twenty-six percent had a section in the clinical trials protocol, which identified oncofertility information easily. When gonadotoxic and teratogenic effects of treatment were known, they were not consistently included in the clinical trial protocols and the lack of data for new drugs was not reported. Very few protocols gave recommendations for oncofertility management and follow-up following the completion of cancer treatment. The research team proposes a number of recommendations that should be required for clinicians and pharmaceutical companies developing new trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dauti
- 1 College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York City, New York.,2 Population Sciences Department, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Women's and Children's Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia
| | - Brigitte Gerstl
- 4 Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital , Sydney, Australia
| | - Serena Chong
- 3 Department of Women's and Children's Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia
| | - Orin Chisholm
- 5 Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia
| | - Antoinette Anazodo
- 3 Department of Women's and Children's Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia .,4 Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital , Sydney, Australia .,6 Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick, Australia
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Hosoya M, Czysz K. Translational Prospects and Challenges in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research in Drug Discovery. Cells 2016; 5:cells5040046. [PMID: 28009813 PMCID: PMC5187530 DOI: 10.3390/cells5040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous efforts to improve the process of drug discovery and development, achieving success at the clinical stage remains challenging because of a persistent translational gap between the preclinical and clinical settings. Under these circumstances, the discovery of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has brought new hope to the drug discovery field because they enable scientists to humanize a variety of pharmacological and toxicological models in vitro. The availability of human iPS cell-derived cells, particularly as an alternative for difficult-to-access tissues and organs, is increasing steadily; however, their use in the field of translational medicine remains challenging. Biomarkers are an essential part of the translational effort to shift new discoveries from bench to bedside as they provide a measurable indicator with which to evaluate pharmacological and toxicological effects in both the preclinical and clinical settings. In general, during the preclinical stage of the drug development process, in vitro models that are established to recapitulate human diseases are validated by using a set of biomarkers; however, their translatability to a clinical setting remains problematic. This review provides an overview of current strategies for human iPS cell-based drug discovery from the perspective of translational research, and discusses the importance of early consideration of clinically relevant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hosoya
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Katherine Czysz
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
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Wang L, Zhang X, Chan JYW, Shan L, Cui G, Cui Q, Wang Y, Li J, Chen H, Zhang Q, Yu P, Han Y, Wang Y, Lee SMY. A Novel Danshensu Derivative Prevents Cardiac Dysfunction and Improves the Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Doxorubicin in Breast Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:94-105. [PMID: 26058377 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is an anthracycline antibiotic widely used in clinics as an anticancer agent. However, the use of Dox is limited by its cardiotoxicity. We have previously shown that a Danshensu (DSS) derivative, ADTM, displayed strong cardioprotective effects. With improved chemical stability and activity, a novel DSS derivative, D006, based on the structure of ADTM, was synthesized. In the present study, the protective effects of D006, indexed by attenuation of the cardiotoxicity induced by Dox as well as chemosensitizing effects that increase the antitumor activity of Dox, were investigated. Our results showed that D006 was more potent than either parental compound, or their use in combination, in ameliorating Dox-induced toxicity in H9c2 cells. In our zebrafish model, D006, but not DSS, alone significantly preserved the ventricular function of zebrafish after Dox treatment. Moreover, D006 upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis and increased mtDNA copy number after Dox treatment of H9c2 cells. D006 promoted the expression of HO-1 protein in a time-dependent manner while the HO-1 inhibitor, Znpp, reversed the protective effects of D006. In human breast tumor MCF-7 cells, D006 enhanced Dox-induced cytotoxicity by increasing apoptosis. In conclusion, our results indicate that a new DSS derivative exhibits promising protective effects against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro, an effect at least partially mediated by induction of HO-1 expression and the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Meanwhile, D006 also potentiated the anti-cancer effects of Dox in breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Medicine, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Judy Yuet-Wa Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Luchen Shan
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qingbin Cui
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingfei Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Huanxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Medicine, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Abstract
Sunitinib is used extensively in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors. However, the undesirable cardiotoxic effects of sunitinib, such as congestive heart failure and hypertension, limit its use in the clinical setting. As multiple receptor tyrosine kinases are inhibited by sunitinib, it raises a question as to which target mediates sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we reported that the injection of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) mRNA into one- to two-cell stage embryos protected against sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish. In addition, FGF2 significantly prevented sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity in cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells, possibly via activating the PLC-γ/c-Raf/CREB pathway. Importantly, FGF2 did not compromise the antitumor activity of sunitinib in Caki-1 and OS-RC-2 renal cell carcinoma cells. Molecular docking simulations further revealed an interaction between the tyrosine kinase domain of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and sunitinib. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrated that FGF2 inhibition plays an important role in sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. This study also provided a basis for further research on sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity and may allow rational design of new sunitinib derivatives with fewer or weak cardiotoxic effects.
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Sheng CC, Amiri-Kordestani L, Palmby T, Force T, Hong CC, Wu JC, Croce K, Kim G, Moslehi J. 21st Century Cardio-Oncology: Identifying Cardiac Safety Signals in the Era of Personalized Medicine. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2016; 1:386-398. [PMID: 28713868 PMCID: PMC5508213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a well-established complication of oncology therapies. Cardiomyopathy resulting from anthracyclines is a classic example. In the past decade, an explosion of novel cancer therapies, often targeted and more specific than traditional therapies, has revolutionized oncology therapy and dramatically changed cancer prognosis. However, some of these therapies have introduced an assortment of cardiovascular (CV) complications. At times, these devastating outcomes have only become apparent after drug approval and have limited the use of potent therapies. There is a growing need for better testing platforms, both for CV toxicity screening, as well as for elucidating mechanisms of cardiotoxicities of approved cancer therapies. This review discusses the utility of nonclinical models (in vitro, in vivo, & in silico) available and highlights recent advancements in modalities like human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for developing more comprehensive cardiotoxicity testing and new means of cardioprotection with targeted anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Chen Sheng
- Cardiovascular Division, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Laleh Amiri-Kordestani
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, Maryland
| | - Todd Palmby
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, Maryland
| | - Thomas Force
- Cardiovascular Division, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Charles C. Hong
- Cardiovascular Division, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
- Accelerating Drug Repurposing Incubator, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kevin Croce
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Geoffrey Kim
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, Maryland
| | - Javid Moslehi
- Cardiovascular Division, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Secondary Metabolites Isolated from the Sea Hare Aplysia pulmonica from the South China Sea. Chem Nat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-016-1767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brown DR, Samsa LA, Qian L, Liu J. Advances in the Study of Heart Development and Disease Using Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3. [PMID: 27335817 PMCID: PMC4913704 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of cardiovascular disease are key players in the translational medicine pipeline used to define the conserved genetic and molecular basis of disease. Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common type of human birth defect and feature structural abnormalities that arise during cardiac development and maturation. The zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a valuable vertebrate model organism, offering advantages over traditional mammalian models. These advantages include the rapid, stereotyped and external development of transparent embryos produced in large numbers from inexpensively housed adults, vast capacity for genetic manipulation, and amenability to high-throughput screening. With the help of modern genetics and a sequenced genome, zebrafish have led to insights in cardiovascular diseases ranging from CHDs to arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy. Here, we discuss the utility of zebrafish as a model system and summarize zebrafish cardiac morphogenesis with emphasis on parallels to human heart diseases. Additionally, we discuss the specific tools and experimental platforms utilized in the zebrafish model including forward screens, functional characterization of candidate genes, and high throughput applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Brown
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.R.B.); (L.Q.)
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leigh Ann Samsa
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.R.B.); (L.Q.)
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.R.B.); (L.Q.)
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-919-962-0326; Fax: +1-919- 843-2063
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Jacob F, Yonis AY, Cuello F, Luther P, Schulze T, Eder A, Streichert T, Mannhardt I, Hirt MN, Schaaf S, Stenzig J, Force T, Eschenhagen T, Hansen A. Analysis of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Mediated Decline in Contractile Force in Rat Engineered Heart Tissue. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145937. [PMID: 26840448 PMCID: PMC4740402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Left ventricular dysfunction is a frequent and potentially severe side effect of many tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). The mode of toxicity is not identified, but may include impairment of mitochondrial or sarcomeric function, autophagy or angiogenesis, either as an on-target or off-target mechanism. Methods and Results We studied concentration-response curves and time courses for nine TKIs in three-dimensional, force generating engineered heart tissue (EHT) from neonatal rat heart cells. We detected a concentration- and time-dependent decline in contractile force for gefitinib, lapatinib, sunitinib, imatinib, sorafenib, vandetanib and lestaurtinib and no decline in contractile force for erlotinib and dasatinib after 96 hours of incubation. The decline in contractile force was associated with an impairment of autophagy (LC3 Western blot) and appearance of autophagolysosomes (transmission electron microscopy). Conclusion This study demonstrates the feasibility to study TKI-mediated force effects in EHTs and identifies an association between a decline in contractility and inhibition of autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Jacob
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amina Y. Yonis
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Friederike Cuello
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pradeep Luther
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Schulze
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Eder
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry/Central Laboratories, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingra Mannhardt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc N. Hirt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schaaf
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Force
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cardiology Division, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140, United States of America
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Keßler M, Rottbauer W, Just S. Recent progress in the use of zebrafish for novel cardiac drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:1231-41. [PMID: 26294375 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1078788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Ghatalia P, Morgan CJ, Je Y, Nguyen PL, Trinh QD, Choueiri TK, Sonpavde G. Congestive heart failure with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 94:228-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Asnani A, Peterson RT. The zebrafish as a tool to identify novel therapies for human cardiovascular disease. Dis Model Mech 2015; 7:763-7. [PMID: 24973746 PMCID: PMC4073266 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.016170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the zebrafish has become an increasingly popular animal model for the study of human cardiovascular disease. Because zebrafish embryos are transparent and their genetic manipulation is straightforward, the zebrafish has been used to recapitulate a number of cardiovascular disease processes ranging from congenital heart defects to arrhythmia to cardiomyopathy. The use of fluorescent reporters has been essential to identify two discrete phases of cardiomyocyte differentiation necessary for normal cardiac development in the zebrafish. These phases are analogous to the differentiation of the two progenitor heart cell populations in mammals, termed the first and second heart fields. The small size of zebrafish embryos has enabled high-throughput chemical screening to identify small-molecule suppressors of fundamental pathways in vasculogenesis, such as the BMP axis, as well as of common vascular defects, such as aortic coarctation. The optical clarity of zebrafish has facilitated studies of valvulogenesis as well as detailed electrophysiological mapping to characterize the early cardiac conduction system. One unique aspect of zebrafish larvae is their ability to oxygenate through diffusion alone, permitting the study of mutations that cause severe cardiomyopathy phenotypes such as silent heart and pickwickm171, which mimic titin mutations observed in human dilated cardiomyopathy. Above all, the regenerative capacity of zebrafish presents a particularly exciting opportunity to discover new therapies for cardiac injury, including scar formation following myocardial infarction. This Review will summarize the current state of the field and describe future directions to advance our understanding of human cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Asnani
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cardiovascular Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cardiovascular Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Cross MJ, Berridge BR, Clements PJM, Cove-Smith L, Force TL, Hoffmann P, Holbrook M, Lyon AR, Mellor HR, Norris AA, Pirmohamed M, Tugwood JD, Sidaway JE, Park BK. Physiological, pharmacological and toxicological considerations of drug-induced structural cardiac injury. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:957-74. [PMID: 25302413 PMCID: PMC4314188 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of drug-induced structural cardiotoxicity, which may lead to heart failure, has been recognized in association with the use of anthracycline anti-cancer drugs for many years, but has also been shown to occur following treatment with the new generation of targeted anti-cancer agents that inhibit one or more receptor or non-receptor tyrosine kinases, serine/threonine kinases as well as several classes of non-oncology agents. A workshop organized by the Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science (University of Liverpool) on 5 September 2013 and attended by industry, academia and regulatory representatives, was designed to gain a better understanding of the gaps in the field of structural cardiotoxicity that can be addressed through collaborative efforts. Specific recommendations from the workshop for future collaborative activities included: greater efforts to identify predictive (i) preclinical; and (ii) clinical biomarkers of early cardiovascular injury; (iii) improved understanding of comparative physiology/pathophysiology and the clinical predictivity of current preclinical in vivo models; (iv) the identification and use of a set of cardiotoxic reference compounds for comparative profiling in improved animal and human cellular models; (v) more sharing of data (through publication/consortia arrangements) on target-related toxicities; (vi) strategies to develop cardio-protective agents; and (vii) closer interactions between preclinical scientists and clinicians to help ensure best translational efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Cross
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - B R Berridge
- Safety Assessment, GlaxoSmithKlineResearch Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - P J M Clements
- David Jack Centre for Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKlineWare, Herts, UK
| | - L Cove-Smith
- Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
| | - T L Force
- Center for Translational Medicine and Cardiology Division, Temple University School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - P Hoffmann
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Pharm CorpEast Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - M Holbrook
- Safety Pharmacology, Covance Laboratories, Ltd.Harrogate, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - A R Lyon
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial CollegeLondon, UK
| | - H R Mellor
- Drug Safety Evaluation, Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe), Ltd.Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - A A Norris
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - M Pirmohamed
- The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - J D Tugwood
- Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
| | - J E Sidaway
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&DMacclesfield, UK
| | - B K Park
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
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Tamargo J, Caballero R, Delpón E. Cancer Chemotherapy and Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Review. Drug Saf 2015; 38:129-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s40264-014-0258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kawabata M, Umemoto N, Shimada Y, Nishimura Y, Zhang B, Kuroyanagi J, Miyabe M, Tanaka T. Downregulation of stanniocalcin 1 is responsible for sorafenib-induced cardiotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 2014; 143:374-84. [PMID: 25370841 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is associated with adverse cardiac effects, including left ventricular dysfunction. However, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aimed to establish the genes responsible for this cardiotoxicity using zebrafish and human cardiomyocytes. Fluorescent cardiac imaging using pigmentless zebrafish with green fluorescent protein hearts revealed that the ventricular dimensions of the longitudinal axis with sorafenib were significantly shorter than those of the control group. Transcriptome analysis of their hearts revealed that stanniocalcin 1 (stc1) was downregulated by sorafenib. stc1 knockdown in zebrafish revealed that reduction of stc1 decreased the longitudinal dimensions of zebrafish ventricles, similar to that which occurs during sorafenib treatment. STC1 downregulation and cytotoxicity were also seen in human cardiomyocytes exposed to sorafenib. To clarify the molecular function of stc1 in sorafenib-induced cardiotoxicity, we focused on oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes treated with sorafenib. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production significantly increased in both species of human cardiomyocytes and zebrafish exposed to sorafenib and STC1 knockdown compared with the controls. Finally, we found that forced expression of stc1 normalized impairment, decreasing the longitudinal dimensions in zebrafish treated with sorafenib. Our study demonstrated that STC1 plays a protective role against ventricular dysfunction and ROS overproduction, which are induced by sorafenib treatment. We discovered for the first time that STC1 downregulation is responsible for sorafenib-induced cardiotoxicity through activated ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miko Kawabata
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Noriko Umemoto
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-
| | - Beibei Zhang
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroyanagi
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyabe
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-8507, Japan *Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Department of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan, Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie 514-8507, Japan and Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie 514-
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Bugel SM, Tanguay RL, Planchart A. Zebrafish: A marvel of high-throughput biology for 21 st century toxicology. Curr Environ Health Rep 2014; 1:341-352. [PMID: 25678986 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-014-0029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary conservation of genomic, biochemical and developmental features between zebrafish and humans is gradually coming into focus with the end result that the zebrafish embryo model has emerged as a powerful tool for uncovering the effects of environmental exposures on a multitude of biological processes with direct relevance to human health. In this review, we highlight advances in automation, high-throughput (HT) screening, and analysis that leverage the power of the zebrafish embryo model for unparalleled advances in our understanding of how chemicals in our environment affect our health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bugel
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Antonio Planchart
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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