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Skaria RS, Lopez‐Pier MA, Kathuria BS, Leber CJ, Langlais PR, Aras SG, Khalpey ZI, Hitscherich PG, Chnari E, Long M, Churko JM, Runyan RB, Konhilas JP. Epicardial placement of human placental membrane protects from heart injury in a swine model of myocardial infarction. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15838. [PMID: 37849042 PMCID: PMC10582231 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) is paradoxically instigated by reestablishing blood-flow to ischemic myocardium typically from a myocardial infarction (MI). Although revascularization following MI remains the standard of care, effective strategies remain limited to prevent or attenuate IRI. We hypothesized that epicardial placement of human placental amnion/chorion (HPAC) grafts will protect against IRI. Using a clinically relevant model of IRI, swine were subjected to 45 min percutaneous ischemia followed with (MI + HPAC, n = 3) or without (MI only, n = 3) HPAC. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, and regional punch biopsies were collected 14 days post-operatively. A deep phenotyping approach was implemented by using histological interrogation and incorporating global proteomics and transcriptomics in nonischemic, ischemic, and border zone biopsies. Our results established HPAC limited the extent of cardiac injury by 50% (11.0 ± 2.0% vs. 22.0 ± 3.0%, p = 0.039) and preserved ejection fraction in HPAC-treated swine (46.8 ± 2.7% vs. 35.8 ± 4.5%, p = 0.014). We present comprehensive transcriptome and proteome profiles of infarct (IZ), border (BZ), and remote (RZ) zone punch biopsies from swine myocardium during the proliferative cardiac repair phase 14 days post-MI. Both HPAC-treated and untreated tissues showed regional dynamic responses, whereas only HPAC-treated IZ revealed active immune and extracellular matrix remodeling. Decreased endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-dependent protein secretion and increased antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory responses were measured in HPAC-treated biopsies. We provide quantitative evidence HPAC reduced cardiac injury from MI in a preclinical swine model, establishing a potential new therapeutic strategy for IRI. Minimizing the impact of MI remains a central clinical challenge. We present a new strategy to attenuate post-MI cardiac injury using HPAC in a swine model of IRI. Placement of HPAC membrane on the heart following MI minimizes ischemic damage, preserves cardiac function, and promotes anti-inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku S. Skaria
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Marissa A. Lopez‐Pier
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Arizona College of EngineeringTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Brij S. Kathuria
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Christian J. Leber
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Paul R. Langlais
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Shravan G. Aras
- Center for Biomedical and InformaticsUniversity of Arizona Health SciencesTucsonArizonaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jared M. Churko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA
- Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research ProgramUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Raymond B. Runyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA
- Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research ProgramUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - John P. Konhilas
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Arizona College of EngineeringTucsonArizonaUSA
- Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research ProgramUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA
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2
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Berg Luecke L, Waas M, Littrell J, Wojtkiewicz M, Castro C, Burkovetskaya M, Schuette EN, Buchberger AR, Churko JM, Chalise U, Waknitz M, Konfrst S, Teuben R, Morrissette-McAlmon J, Mahr C, Anderson DR, Boheler KR, Gundry RL. Surfaceome mapping of primary human heart cells with CellSurfer uncovers cardiomyocyte surface protein LSMEM2 and proteome dynamics in failing hearts. Nat Cardiovasc Res 2023; 2:76-95. [PMID: 36950336 PMCID: PMC10030153 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cell surface proteins are drug targets and useful biomarkers for discriminating among cellular phenotypes and disease states. Here we developed an analytical platform, CellSurfer, that enables quantitative cell surface proteome (surfaceome) profiling of cells present in limited quantities, and we apply it to isolated primary human heart cells. We report experimental evidence of surface localization and extracellular domains for 1,144 N-glycoproteins, including cell-type-restricted and region-restricted glycoproteins. We identified a surface protein specific for healthy cardiomyocytes, LSMEM2, and validated an anti-LSMEM2 monoclonal antibody for flow cytometry and imaging. Surfaceome comparisons among pluripotent stem cell derivatives and their primary counterparts highlighted important differences with direct implications for drug screening and disease modeling. Finally, 20% of cell surface proteins, including LSMEM2, were differentially abundant between failing and non-failing cardiomyocytes. These results represent a rich resource to advance development of cell type and organ-specific targets for drug delivery, disease modeling, immunophenotyping and in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Berg Luecke
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Matthew Waas
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Present Address: Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jack Littrell
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Chase Castro
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Maria Burkovetskaya
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Erin N. Schuette
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Amanda Rae Buchberger
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Jared M. Churko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Upendra Chalise
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Michelle Waknitz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Shelby Konfrst
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Roald Teuben
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Justin Morrissette-McAlmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Claudius Mahr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Daniel R. Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Kenneth R. Boheler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Rebekah L. Gundry
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
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3
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Stansfield BN, Rangasamy S, Ramsey K, Khanna M, Churko JM. Generation of an iPSC line from a Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia 1B patient harboring a homozygous c.395 A > C mutation in EXOSC3 along with a family matched control. Stem Cell Res 2022; 65:102944. [PMID: 36257093 PMCID: PMC9729447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia 1B (PCH1B) is a severe autosomal recessive neurological disorder that is associated with mutations in the exosome complex component RRP40 (EXOSC3) gene. We generated and characterized an iPSC line from an individual with PCH1B that harbors a recessive homozygous c.395 A > C mutation in EXOSC3 and a family matched control from the probands unaffected mother. Each iPSC line presents with normal morphology and karyotype and express high levels of pluripotent markers. UAZTi009-A and UAZTi011-A are capable of directed differentiation and can be used as a vital experimental tool to study the development of PCH1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben N. Stansfield
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA,Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA,Department of Physiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | | | | | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jared M. Churko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA,Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA,Department of Physiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA,Corresponding author
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Chakrabarti J, Pandey R, Churko JM, Eschbacher J, Mallick S, Chen Y, Hermes B, Mallick P, Stansfield BN, Pond KW, Thorne CA, Yuen KCJ, Little AS, Zavros Y. Development of Human Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor Organoids to Facilitate Effective Targeted Treatments of Cushing's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:3344. [PMID: 36359740 PMCID: PMC9659185 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cushing's disease (CD) is a serious endocrine disorder caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) that stimulates the adrenal glands to overproduce cortisol. Chronic exposure to excess cortisol has detrimental effects on health, including increased stroke rates, diabetes, obesity, cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression, and death. The first-line treatment for CD is pituitary surgery. Current surgical remission rates reported in only 56% of patients depending on several criteria. The lack of specificity, poor tolerability, and low efficacy of the subsequent second-line medical therapies make CD a medical therapeutic challenge. One major limitation that hinders the development of specific medical therapies is the lack of relevant human model systems that recapitulate the cellular composition of PitNET microenvironment. (2) Methods: human pituitary tumor tissue was harvested during transsphenoidal surgery from CD patients to generate organoids (hPITOs). (3) Results: hPITOs generated from corticotroph, lactotroph, gonadotroph, and somatotroph tumors exhibited morphological diversity among the organoid lines between individual patients and amongst subtypes. The similarity in cell lineages between the organoid line and the patient's tumor was validated by comparing the neuropathology report to the expression pattern of PitNET specific markers, using spectral flow cytometry and exome sequencing. A high-throughput drug screen demonstrated patient-specific drug responses of hPITOs amongst each tumor subtype. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a CD patient carrying germline mutation CDH23 exhibited dysregulated cell lineage commitment. (4) Conclusions: The human pituitary neuroendocrine tumor organoids represent a novel approach in how we model complex pathologies in CD patients, which will enable effective personalized medicine for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Chakrabarti
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ritu Pandey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jared M. Churko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jennifer Eschbacher
- Department of Neuropathology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Saptarshi Mallick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Yuliang Chen
- University of Arizona Cancer Center Bioinformatics Core, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Beth Hermes
- Department of Neuropathology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Palash Mallick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ben N. Stansfield
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kelvin W. Pond
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Curtis A. Thorne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kevin C. J. Yuen
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Andrew S. Little
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Yana Zavros
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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5
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Yuen M, Worgan L, Iwanski J, Pappas CT, Joshi H, Churko JM, Arbuckle S, Kirk EP, Zhu Y, Roscioli T, Gregorio CC, Cooper ST. Neonatal-lethal dilated cardiomyopathy due to a homozygous LMOD2 donor splice-site variant. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:450-457. [PMID: 35082396 PMCID: PMC8989920 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by cardiac enlargement and impaired ventricular contractility leading to heart failure. A single report identified variants in leiomodin-2 (LMOD2) as a cause of neonatally-lethal DCM. Here, we describe two siblings with DCM who died shortly after birth due to heart failure. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous LMOD2 variant in both siblings, (GRCh38)chr7:g.123656237G > A; NM_207163.2:c.273 + 1G > A, ablating the donor 5' splice-site of intron-1. Pre-mRNA splicing studies and western blot analysis on cDNA derived from proband cardiac tissue, MyoD-transduced proband skin fibroblasts and HEK293 cells transfected with LMOD2 gene constructs established variant-associated absence of canonically spliced LMOD2 mRNA and full-length LMOD2 protein. Immunostaining of proband heart tissue unveiled abnormally short actin-thin filaments. Our data are consistent with LMOD2 c.273 + 1G > A abolishing/reducing LMOD2 transcript expression by: (1) variant-associated perturbation in initiation of transcription due to ablation of the intron-1 donor; and/or (2) degradation of aberrant LMOD2 transcripts (resulting from use of alternative transcription start-sites or cryptic splice-sites) by nonsense-mediated decay. LMOD2 expression is critical for life and the absence of LMOD2 is associated with thin filament shortening and severe cardiac contractile dysfunction. This study describes the first splice-site variant in LMOD2 and confirms the role of LMOD2 variants in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Yuen
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Lisa Worgan
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessika Iwanski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher T Pappas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Himanshu Joshi
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jared M Churko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Susan Arbuckle
- Department of Histopathology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Edwin P Kirk
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Randwick Genomics Laboratory, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying Zhu
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Randwick Genomics Laboratory, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Randwick Genomics Laboratory, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol C Gregorio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- The Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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6
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Pivniouk V, Pivniouk O, DeVries A, Uhrlaub JL, Michael A, Pivniouk D, VanLinden SR, Conway MY, Hahn S, Malone SP, Ezeh P, Churko JM, Anderson D, Kraft M, Nikolich-Zugich J, Vercelli D. The OM-85 bacterial lysate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection of epithelial cells by downregulating SARS-CoV-2 receptor expression. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:923-933.e6. [PMID: 34902435 PMCID: PMC8660661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Treatments for coronavirus disease 2019, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), are urgently needed but remain limited. SARS-CoV-2 infects cells through interactions of its spike (S) protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) on host cells. Multiple cells and organs are targeted, particularly airway epithelial cells. OM-85, a standardized lysate of human airway bacteria with strong immunomodulating properties and an impeccable safety profile, is widely used to prevent recurrent respiratory infections. We found that airway OM-85 administration inhibits Ace2 and Tmprss2 transcription in the mouse lung, suggesting that OM-85 might hinder SARS-CoV-2/host cell interactions. Objectives We sought to investigate whether and how OM-85 treatment protects nonhuman primate and human epithelial cells against SARS-CoV-2. Methods ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA and protein expression, cell binding of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein, cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 S protein–pseudotyped lentiviral particles, and SARS-CoV-2 cell infection were measured in kidney, lung, and intestinal epithelial cell lines, primary human bronchial epithelial cells, and ACE2-transfected HEK293T cells treated with OM-85 in vitro. Results OM-85 significantly downregulated ACE2 and TMPRSS2 transcription and surface ACE2 protein expression in epithelial cell lines and primary bronchial epithelial cells. OM-85 also strongly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein binding to, SARS-CoV-2 S protein–pseudotyped lentivirus entry into, and SARS-CoV-2 infection of epithelial cells. These effects of OM-85 appeared to depend on SARS-CoV-2 receptor downregulation. Conclusions OM-85 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 epithelial cell infection in vitro by downregulating SARS-CoV-2 receptor expression. Further studies are warranted to assess whether OM-85 may prevent and/or reduce the severity of coronavirus disease 2019.
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7
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Iwanski J, Kazmouz SG, Li S, Stansfield B, Salem TT, Perez-Miller S, Kazui T, Jena L, Uhrlaub JL, Lick S, Nikolich-Žugich J, Konhilas JP, Gregorio CC, Khanna M, Campos SK, Churko JM. Antihypertensive drug treatment and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in human PSC-derived cardiomyocytes and primary endothelial cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2459-2472. [PMID: 34525378 PMCID: PMC8407952 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been attributed to its ability to enter through the membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Therefore, it has been heavily speculated that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy may modulate SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, exposure of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) and human endothelial cells (hECs) to SARS-CoV-2 identified significant differences in protein coding genes involved in immunity, viral response, and cardiomyocyte/endothelial structure. Specifically, transcriptome changes were identified in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon α/β, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (hPSC-CMs) as well as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) (hECs) signaling pathways. However, pre-treatment of hPSC-CMs or hECs with two widely prescribed antihypertensive medications, losartan and lisinopril, did not affect the susceptibility of either cell type to SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings demonstrate the toxic effects of SARS-CoV-2 in hPSC-CMs/hECs and, taken together with newly emerging multicenter trials, suggest that antihypertensive drug treatment alone does not alter SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Iwanski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Heart Center Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sobhi G Kazmouz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Heart Center Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Shuaizhi Li
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ben Stansfield
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Heart Center Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tori T Salem
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Heart Center Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Toshinobu Kazui
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lipsa Jena
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Scott Lick
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - John P Konhilas
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Carol C Gregorio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Heart Center Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Samuel K Campos
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jared M Churko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Sarver Heart Center Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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8
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Chan BYH, Roczkowsky A, Cho WJ, Poirier M, Sergi C, Keschrumrus V, Churko JM, Granzier H, Schulz R. MMP inhibitors attenuate doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by preventing intracellular and extracellular matrix remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:188-200. [PMID: 31995179 PMCID: PMC7797218 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure is a major complication in cancer treatment due to the cardiotoxic effects of anticancer drugs, especially from the anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (DXR). DXR enhances oxidative stress and stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in cardiomyocytes. We investigated whether MMP inhibitors protect against DXR cardiotoxicity given the role of MMP-2 in proteolyzing sarcomeric proteins in the heart and remodelling the extracellular matrix. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were treated with DXR weekly with or without MMP inhibitors doxycycline or ONO-4817 by daily oral gavage for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was used to determine cardiac function and left ventricular remodelling before and after treatment. MMP inhibitors ameliorated DXR-induced systolic and diastolic dysfunction by reducing the loss in left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and E'/A'. MMP inhibitors attenuated adverse left ventricular remodelling, reduced cardiomyocyte dropout, and prevented myocardial fibrosis. DXR increased myocardial MMP-2 activity in part also by upregulating N-terminal truncated MMP-2. Immunogold transmission electron microscopy showed that DXR elevated MMP-2 levels within the sarcomere and mitochondria which were associated with myofilament lysis, mitochondrial degeneration, and T-tubule distention. DXR-induced myofilament lysis was associated with increased titin proteolysis in the heart which was prevented by ONO-4817. DXR also increased the level and activity of MMP-2 in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, which was reduced by ONO-4817. CONCLUSIONS MMP-2 activation is an early event in DXR cardiotoxicity and contributes to myofilament lysis by proteolyzing cardiac titin. Two orally available MMP inhibitors ameliorated DXR cardiotoxicity by attenuating intracellular and extracellular matrix remodelling, suggesting their use may be a potential prophylactic strategy to prevent heart injury during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Y H Chan
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Andrej Roczkowsky
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Woo Jung Cho
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Cell Imaging Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mathieu Poirier
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vic Keschrumrus
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jared M Churko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Henk Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Richard Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
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9
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Lee J, Termglinchan V, Diecke S, Itzhaki I, Lam CK, Garg P, Lau E, Greenhaw M, Seeger T, Wu H, Zhang JZ, Chen X, Gil IP, Ameen M, Sallam K, Rhee JW, Churko JM, Chaudhary R, Chour T, Wang PJ, Snyder MP, Chang HY, Karakikes I, Wu JC. Activation of PDGF pathway links LMNA mutation to dilated cardiomyopathy. Nature 2019; 572:335-340. [PMID: 31316208 PMCID: PMC6779479 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lamin A/C (LMNA) is one of the most frequently mutated genes associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). DCM related to mutations in LMNA is a common inherited cardiomyopathy that is associated with systolic dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias. Here we modelled the LMNA-related DCM in vitro using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). Electrophysiological studies showed that the mutant iPSC-CMs displayed aberrant calcium homeostasis that led to arrhythmias at the single-cell level. Mechanistically, we show that the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signalling pathway is activated in mutant iPSC-CMs compared to isogenic control iPSC-CMs. Conversely, pharmacological and molecular inhibition of the PDGF signalling pathway ameliorated the arrhythmic phenotypes of mutant iPSC-CMs in vitro. Taken together, our findings suggest that the activation of the PDGF pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of LMNA-related DCM and point to PDGF receptor-β (PDGFRB) as a potential therapeutic target.
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MESH Headings
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/pathology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatin/chemistry
- Chromatin/genetics
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/genetics
- Haploinsufficiency/genetics
- Homeostasis
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/pathology
- Lamin Type A/genetics
- Models, Biological
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Single-Cell Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaecheol Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Vittavat Termglinchan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrueck Center, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilanit Itzhaki
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Priyanka Garg
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward Lau
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Greenhaw
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Timon Seeger
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joe Z Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xingqi Chen
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Isaac Perea Gil
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed Ameen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karim Sallam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - June-Wha Rhee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jared M Churko
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rinkal Chaudhary
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Chour
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ioannis Karakikes
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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10
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Churko JM. Linking Clinical Parameters and Genotype in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail 2018; 11:e005459. [PMID: 30525987 PMCID: PMC6291840 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.118.005459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Churko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson
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11
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Wnorowski A, Sharma A, Chen H, Wu H, Shao NY, Churko JM, Matsa E, Countryman S, Rubins K, Wu SM, Lee PH, Wu JC. Abstract 379: Effects of Microgravity on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Structure and Function. Circ Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/res.123.suppl_1.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With extended stays aboard the International Space Station (ISS) becoming commonplace as humanity prepares for exploration-class space missions, the need to better understand the effects of cardiac function during spaceflight is critical. However, primary human heart tissues, which would be useful for
in vitro
studies on heart function, are difficult to obtain and maintain. As a model system, we utilized cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to study the effects of microgravity on human cardiac function and gene expression at the cellular level. We derived hiPSCs from three healthy volunteers and produced hiPSC-CMs using a high-efficiency hiPSC-CM differentiation protocol. We cultured hiPSC-CMs in a microgravity environment aboard the ISS for approximately one month, during which weekly media changes were conducted. We analyzed the gene expression, structure, and function of flight, post-flight, and ground control hiPSC-CM samples using RNA-sequencing, immunofluorescence, calcium imaging, and contractility assessment. Exposure to microgravity on the ISS resulted in decreased contractile velocity and calcium recycling in the hiPSC-CM, along with increased beating irregularities. RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrated that there were 2635 genes differentially expressed with p≤0.05 between flight, post-flight, and ground control samples. These included genes involved in metabolism, DNA/RNA modification, and molecular transport, indicating that these pathways may be permanently altered by long-term space flight
.
This study represents the first time that hiPSC technology has been used to study the effects of microgravity on human cardiac function and is the first to demonstrate that microgravity affects human heart function on the cellular level.
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12
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Sharma A, Burridge PW, McKeithan WL, Serrano R, Shukla P, Sayed N, Churko JM, Kitani T, Wu H, Holmström A, Matsa E, Zhang Y, Kumar A, Fan AC, Del Álamo JC, Wu SM, Moslehi JJ, Mercola M, Wu JC. High-throughput screening of tyrosine kinase inhibitor cardiotoxicity with human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/377/eaaf2584. [PMID: 28202772 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), despite their efficacy as anticancer therapeutics, are associated with cardiovascular side effects ranging from induced arrhythmias to heart failure. We used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), generated from 11 healthy individuals and 2 patients receiving cancer treatment, to screen U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved TKIs for cardiotoxicities by measuring alterations in cardiomyocyte viability, contractility, electrophysiology, calcium handling, and signaling. With these data, we generated a "cardiac safety index" to reflect the cardiotoxicities of existing TKIs. TKIs with low cardiac safety indices exhibit cardiotoxicity in patients. We also derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) and cardiac fibroblasts (hiPSC-CFs) to examine cell type-specific cardiotoxicities. Using high-throughput screening, we determined that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-inhibiting TKIs caused cardiotoxicity in hiPSC-CMs, hiPSC-ECs, and hiPSC-CFs. With phosphoprotein analysis, we determined that VEGFR2/PDGFR-inhibiting TKIs led to a compensatory increase in cardioprotective insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in hiPSC-CMs. Up-regulating cardioprotective signaling with exogenous insulin or IGF1 improved hiPSC-CM viability during cotreatment with cardiotoxic VEGFR2/PDGFR-inhibiting TKIs. Thus, hiPSC-CMs can be used to screen for cardiovascular toxicities associated with anticancer TKIs, and the results correlate with clinical phenotypes. This approach provides unexpected insights, as illustrated by our finding that toxicity can be alleviated via cardioprotective insulin/IGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wesley L McKeithan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ricardo Serrano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA
| | - Praveen Shukla
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jared M Churko
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tomoya Kitani
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexandra Holmström
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elena Matsa
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anusha Kumar
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alice C Fan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Juan C Del Álamo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Javid J Moslehi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardio-Oncology Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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13
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Kodo K, Ong SG, Jahanbani F, Termglinchan V, Hirono K, InanlooRahatloo K, Ebert AD, Shukla P, Abilez OJ, Churko JM, Karakikes I, Jung G, Ichida F, Wu SM, Snyder MP, Bernstein D, Wu JC. iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes reveal abnormal TGF-β signalling in left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1031-42. [PMID: 27642787 PMCID: PMC5042877 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is the third most prevalent cardiomyopathy in children and its pathogenesis has been associated with the developmental defect of the embryonic myocardium. We show that patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) generated from LVNC patients carrying a mutation in the cardiac transcription factor TBX20 recapitulate a key aspect of the pathological phenotype at the single-cell level and this was associated with perturbed transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signalling. LVNC iPSC-CMs have decreased proliferative capacity due to abnormal activation of TGF-β signalling. TBX20 regulates the expression of TGF-β signalling modifiers including one known to be a genetic cause of LVNC, PRDM16, and genome editing of PRDM16 caused proliferation defects in iPSC-CMs. Inhibition of TGF-β signalling and genome correction of the TBX20 mutation were sufficient to reverse the disease phenotype. Our study demonstrates that iPSC-CMs are a useful tool for the exploration of pathological mechanisms underlying poorly understood cardiomyopathies including LVNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kodo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Fereshteh Jahanbani
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Vittavat Termglinchan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Keiichi Hirono
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kolsoum InanlooRahatloo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Antje D Ebert
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Praveen Shukla
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Oscar J Abilez
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jared M Churko
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ioannis Karakikes
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Gwanghyun Jung
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Fukiko Ichida
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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14
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Matsa E, Burridge PW, Yu KH, Ahrens JH, Termglinchan V, Wu H, Liu C, Shukla P, Sayed N, Churko JM, Shao N, Woo NA, Chao AS, Gold JD, Karakikes I, Snyder MP, Wu JC. Transcriptome Profiling of Patient-Specific Human iPSC-Cardiomyocytes Predicts Individual Drug Safety and Efficacy Responses In Vitro. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:311-25. [PMID: 27545504 PMCID: PMC5087997 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding individual susceptibility to drug-induced cardiotoxicity is key to improving patient safety and preventing drug attrition. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) enable the study of pharmacological and toxicological responses in patient-specific cardiomyocytes (CMs) and may serve as preclinical platforms for precision medicine. Transcriptome profiling in hiPSC-CMs from seven individuals lacking known cardiovascular disease-associated mutations and in three isogenic human heart tissue and hiPSC-CM pairs showed greater inter-patient variation than intra-patient variation, verifying that reprogramming and differentiation preserve patient-specific gene expression, particularly in metabolic and stress-response genes. Transcriptome-based toxicology analysis predicted and risk-stratified patient-specific susceptibility to cardiotoxicity, and functional assays in hiPSC-CMs using tacrolimus and rosiglitazone, drugs targeting pathways predicted to produce cardiotoxicity, validated inter-patient differential responses. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated pathway correction prevented drug-induced cardiotoxicity. Our data suggest that hiPSC-CMs can be used in vitro to predict and validate patient-specific drug safety and efficacy, potentially enabling future clinical approaches to precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Matsa
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kun-Hsing Yu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John H Ahrens
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vittavat Termglinchan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Praveen Shukla
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jared M Churko
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ningyi Shao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicole A Woo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander S Chao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph D Gold
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ioannis Karakikes
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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15
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Kodo K, Ong SG, Jahanbani F, Termglinchan V, InanlooRahatloo K, Ebert AD, Shukla P, Abilez OJ, Churko JM, Karakikes I, Jung G, Snyder MP, Bernstein D, Wu JC. Abstract 248: Aberrant TGFβ Signaling as an Etiology of Left Ventricular Non-compaction Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/res.117.suppl_1.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is the third most prevalent cardiomyopathy in children and has a unique phenotype with characteristically extensive hypertrabeculation of the left ventricle, similar to the embryonic left ventricle, suggesting a developmental defect of the embryonic myocardium. However, studying this disease has been challenging due to the lack of an animal model that can faithfully recapitulate the clinical phenotype of LVNC. To address this, we showed that patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) generated from a family with LVNC history recapitulated a developmental defect consistent with the LVNC phenotype at the single-cell level. We then utilized hiPSC-CMs to show that increased transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling is one of the central mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of LVNC. LVNC hiPSC-CMs demonstrated decreased proliferative capacity due to abnormal activation of TGFβ signaling (Figs A-B). Exome sequencing demonstrated a mutation in TBX20, which regulates TGFβ signaling through upregulation of ITGAV, contributing to the LVNC phenotype. Inhibition of abnormal TGFβ signaling or genetic correction of the TBX20 mutation (Figs C-D) using TALEN reversed the proliferation defects seen in LVNC hiPSC-CMs. Our results demonstrate that hiPSC-CMs are a useful tool for the exploration of novel mechanisms underlying poorly understood cardiomyopathies such as LVNC. Here we provide the first evidence of activation of TGFβ signaling as playing a role in the pathogenesis of LVNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kodo
- Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | | | | | | | - Antje D Ebert
- Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Praveen Shukla
- Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Oscar J Abilez
- Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Jared M Churko
- Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Ioannis Karakikes
- Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Gwanghyun Jung
- Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Daniel Bernstein
- Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
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16
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Wu H, Lee J, Vincent LG, Wang Q, Gu M, Lan F, Churko JM, Sallam KI, Matsa E, Sharma A, Gold JD, Engler AJ, Xiang YK, Bers DM, Wu JC. Epigenetic Regulation of Phosphodiesterases 2A and 3A Underlies Compromised β-Adrenergic Signaling in an iPSC Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 17:89-100. [PMID: 26095046 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
β-adrenergic signaling pathways mediate key aspects of cardiac function. Its dysregulation is associated with a range of cardiac diseases, including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Previously, we established an iPSC model of familial DCM from patients with a mutation in TNNT2, a sarcomeric protein. Here, we found that the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol induced mature β-adrenergic signaling in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) but that this pathway was blunted in DCM iPSC-CMs. Although expression levels of several β-adrenergic signaling components were unaltered between control and DCM iPSC-CMs, we found that phosphodiesterases (PDEs) 2A and PDE3A were upregulated in DCM iPSC-CMs and that PDE2A was also upregulated in DCM patient tissue. We further discovered increased nuclear localization of mutant TNNT2 and epigenetic modifications of PDE genes in both DCM iPSC-CMs and patient tissue. Notably, pharmacologic inhibition of PDE2A and PDE3A restored cAMP levels and ameliorated the impaired β-adrenergic signaling of DCM iPSC-CMs, suggesting therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jaecheol Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ludovic G Vincent
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Feng Lan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jared M Churko
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karim I Sallam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elena Matsa
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arun Sharma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph D Gold
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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17
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Gu M, Mordwinkin NM, Kooreman NG, Lee J, Wu H, Hu S, Churko JM, Diecke S, Burridge PW, He C, Barron FE, Ong SG, Gold JD, Wu JC. Pravastatin reverses obesity-induced dysfunction of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Eur Heart J 2014; 36:806-16. [PMID: 25368203 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS High-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) is a major contributor to type II diabetes and micro- and macro-vascular complications leading to peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Metabolic abnormalities of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) from obese individuals could potentially limit their therapeutic efficacy for PVD. The aim of this study was to compare the function of iPSC-ECs from normal and DIO mice using comprehensive in vitro and in vivo assays. METHODS AND RESULTS Six-week-old C57Bl/6 mice were fed with a normal or high-fat diet. At 24 weeks, iPSCs were generated from tail tip fibroblasts and differentiated into iPSC-ECs using a directed monolayer approach. In vitro functional analysis revealed that iPSC-ECs from DIO mice had significantly decreased capacity to form capillary-like networks, diminished migration, and lower proliferation. Microarray and ELISA confirmed elevated apoptotic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways in DIO iPSC-ECs. Following hindlimb ischaemia, mice receiving intramuscular injections of DIO iPSC-ECs had significantly decreased reperfusion compared with mice injected with control healthy iPSC-ECs. Hindlimb sections revealed increased muscle atrophy and presence of inflammatory cells in mice receiving DIO iPSC-ECs. When pravastatin was co-administered to mice receiving DIO iPSC-ECs, a significant increase in reperfusion was observed; however, this beneficial effect was blunted by co-administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. CONCLUSION This is the first study to provide evidence that iPSC-ECs from DIO mice exhibit signs of endothelial dysfunction and have suboptimal efficacy following transplantation in a hindlimb ischaemia model. These findings may have important implications for future treatment of PVD using iPSC-ECs in the obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Gu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Mordwinkin
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nigel G Kooreman
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaecheol Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shijun Hu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jared M Churko
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chunjiang He
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Frances E Barron
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph D Gold
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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18
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Sharma A, Marceau C, Hamaguchi R, Burridge PW, Rajarajan K, Churko JM, Wu H, Sallam KI, Matsa E, Sturzu AC, Che Y, Ebert A, Diecke S, Liang P, Red-Horse K, Carette JE, Wu SM, Wu JC. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as an in vitro model for coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis and antiviral drug screening platform. Circ Res 2014; 115:556-66. [PMID: 25015077 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.303810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Viral myocarditis is a life-threatening illness that may lead to heart failure or cardiac arrhythmias. A major causative agent for viral myocarditis is the B3 strain of coxsackievirus, a positive-sense RNA enterovirus. However, human cardiac tissues are difficult to procure in sufficient enough quantities for studying the mechanisms of cardiac-specific viral infection. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) could be used to model the pathogenic processes of coxsackievirus-induced viral myocarditis and to screen antiviral therapeutics for efficacy. METHODS AND RESULTS hiPSC-CMs were infected with a luciferase-expressing coxsackievirus B3 strain (CVB3-Luc). Brightfield microscopy, immunofluorescence, and calcium imaging were used to characterize virally infected hiPSC-CMs for alterations in cellular morphology and calcium handling. Viral proliferation in hiPSC-CMs was quantified using bioluminescence imaging. Antiviral compounds including interferonβ1, ribavirin, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and fluoxetine were tested for their capacity to abrogate CVB3-Luc proliferation in hiPSC-CMs in vitro. The ability of these compounds to reduce CVB3-Luc proliferation in hiPSC-CMs was consistent with reported drug effects in previous studies. Mechanistic analyses via gene expression profiling of hiPSC-CMs infected with CVB3-Luc revealed an activation of viral RNA and protein clearance pathways after interferonβ1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that hiPSC-CMs express the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor, are susceptible to coxsackievirus infection, and can be used to predict antiviral drug efficacy. Our results suggest that the hiPSC-CM/CVB3-Luc assay is a sensitive platform that can screen novel antiviral therapeutics for their effectiveness in a high-throughput fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Caleb Marceau
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Ryoko Hamaguchi
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Kuppusamy Rajarajan
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Jared M Churko
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Haodi Wu
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Karim I Sallam
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Elena Matsa
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Anthony C Sturzu
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Yonglu Che
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Antje Ebert
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Ping Liang
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Jan E Carette
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Sean M Wu
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
| | - Joseph C Wu
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (A.S., R.H., P.W.B., K.R., J.M.C., H.W., K.I.S., E.M., A.C.S., Y.C., A.E., S.D., P.L., K.R.-H., S.M.W., J.C.W.), Department of Biology (A.S., R.H., K.R.-H.), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C.M., J.E.C.), and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
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19
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Abstract
In the present review, we provide an overview of connexin expression during skin development and remodeling in wound healing, and reflect on how loss- or gain-of-function connexin mutations may change cellular phenotypes and lead to diseases of the skin. We also consider the therapeutic value of targeting connexins in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Churko
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Abstract
High throughput sequencing technologies have become essential in studies on genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics. Although sequencing information has traditionally been elucidated using a low throughput technique called Sanger sequencing, high throughput sequencing technologies are capable of sequencing multiple DNA molecules in parallel, enabling hundreds of millions of DNA molecules to be sequenced at a time. This advantage allows high throughput sequencing to be used to create large data sets, generating more comprehensive insights into the cellular genomic and transcriptomic signatures of various diseases and developmental stages. Within high throughput sequencing technologies, whole exome sequencing can be used to identify novel variants and other mutations that may underlie many genetic cardiac disorders, whereas RNA sequencing can be used to analyze how the transcriptome changes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and methylation sequencing can be used to identify epigenetic changes, whereas ribosome sequencing can be used to determine which mRNA transcripts are actively being translated. In this review, we will outline the differences in various sequencing modalities and examine the main sequencing platforms on the market in terms of their relative read depths, speeds, and costs. Finally, we will discuss the development of future sequencing platforms and how these new technologies may improve on current sequencing platforms. Ultimately, these sequencing technologies will be instrumental in further delineating how the cardiovascular system develops and how perturbations in DNA and RNA can lead to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M. Churko
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gary L. Mantalas
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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21
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Churko JM, Kelly JJ, MacDonald A, Lee J, Sampson J, Bai D, Laird DW. The G60S Cx43 mutant enhances keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:612-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M. Churko
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; University of Western Ontario; London; ON; Canada
| | - John J. Kelly
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; University of Western Ontario; London; ON; Canada
| | - Andrew MacDonald
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Western Ontario; London; ON; Canada
| | - Jack Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Western Ontario; London; ON; Canada
| | - Jacinda Sampson
- Department of Neurology; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City; UT; USA
| | - Donglin Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Western Ontario; London; ON; Canada
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22
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Penuela S, Gyenis L, Ablack A, Churko JM, Berger AC, Litchfield DW, Lewis JD, Laird DW. Loss of pannexin 1 attenuates melanoma progression by reversion to a melanocytic phenotype. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29184-93. [PMID: 22753409 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.377176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) is a channel-forming glycoprotein expressed in different cell types of mammalian skin. We examined the role of Panx1 in melanoma tumorigenesis and metastasis since qPCR and Western blots revealed that mouse melanocytes exhibited low levels of Panx1 while increased Panx1 expression was correlated with tumor cell aggressiveness in the isogenic melanoma cell lines (B16-F0, -F10, and -BL6). Panx1 shRNA knockdown (Panx1-KD) generated stable BL6 cell lines, with reduced dye uptake, that showed a marked increase in melanocyte-like cell characteristics including higher melanin production, decreased cell migration and enhanced formation of cellular projections. Western blotting and proteomic analyses using 2D-gel/mass spectroscopy identified vimentin and β-catenin as two of the markers of malignant melanoma that were down-regulated in Panx1-KD cells. Xenograft Panx1-KD cells grown within the chorioallantoic membrane of avian embryos developed tumors that were significantly smaller than controls. Mouse-Alu qPCR of the excised avian embryonic organs revealed that tumor metastasis to the liver was significantly reduced upon Panx1 knockdown. These data suggest that while Panx1 is present in skin melanocytes it is up-regulated during melanoma tumor progression, and tumorigenesis can be inhibited by the knockdown of Panx1 raising the possibility that Panx1 may be a viable target for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUniversity of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A-5C1, Canada
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23
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Churko JM, Shao Q, Gong XQ, Swoboda KJ, Bai D, Sampson J, Laird DW. Human dermal fibroblasts derived from oculodentodigital dysplasia patients suggest that patients may have wound-healing defects. Hum Mutat 2011; 32:456-66. [PMID: 21305658 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD) is primarily an autosomal dominant human disease caused by any one of over 60 mutations in the GJA1 gene encoding the gap junction protein Cx43. In the present study, wound healing was investigated in a G60S ODDD mutant mouse model and by using dermal fibroblasts isolated from two ODDD patients harboring the p.D3N and p.V216L mutants along with dermal fibroblasts isolated from their respective unaffected relatives. Punch biopsies revealed a delay in wound closure in the G60S mutant mice in comparison to wild-type littermates, and this delay appeared to be due to defects in the dermal fibroblasts. Although both the p.D3N and p.V216L mutants reduced gap junctional intercellular communication in human dermal fibroblasts, immunolocalization studies revealed that Cx43 gap junctions were prevalent at the cell surface of p.D3N expressing fibroblasts but greatly reduced in p.V216L expressing fibroblasts. Mutant expressing fibroblasts were further found to have reduced proliferation and migration capabilities. Finally, in response to TGFβ1, mutant expressing fibroblasts expressed significantly less alpha smooth muscle actin suggesting they were inefficient in their ability to differentiate into myofibroblasts. Collectively, our results suggest that ODDD patients may have subclinical defects in wound healing due to impaired function of dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Churko
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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24
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Bhalla-Gehi R, Penuela S, Churko JM, Shao Q, Laird DW. Pannexin1 and pannexin3 delivery, cell surface dynamics, and cytoskeletal interactions. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:9147-60. [PMID: 20086016 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.082008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexins (Panx) are a class of integral membrane proteins that have been proposed to exhibit characteristics similar to those of connexin family members. In this study, we utilized Cx43-positive BICR-M1R(k) cells to stably express Panx1, Panx3, or Panx1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) to assess their trafficking, cell surface dynamics, and interplay with the cytoskeletal network. Expression of a Sar1 dominant negative mutant revealed that endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport of Panx1 and Panx3 was mediated via COPII-dependent vesicles. Distinct from Cx43-GFP, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching studies revealed that both Panx1-GFP and Panx3-GFP remained highly mobile at the cell surface. Unlike Cx43, Panx1-GFP exhibited no detectable interrelationship with microtubules. Conversely, cytochalasin B-induced disruption of microfilaments caused a severe loss of cell surface Panx1-GFP, a reduction in the recoverable fraction of Panx1-GFP that remained at the cell surface, and a decrease in Panx1-GFP vesicular transport. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation and co-sedimentation assays revealed actin as a novel binding partner of Panx1. Collectively, we conclude that although Panx1 and Panx3 share a common endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi secretory pathway to Cx43, their ultimate cell surface residency appears to be independent of cell contacts and the need for intact microtubules. Importantly, Panx1 has an interaction with actin microfilaments that regulates its cell surface localization and mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Bhalla-Gehi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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25
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Abstract
The epidermis is a complex tissue composed principally of differentiated keratinocytes that form a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The gap junction proteins, connexins (Cx), are differentially expressed throughout the stratified layers of the epidermis and their exquisite regulation appears to govern the delicate balance between cell proliferation and differentiation in normal skin homeostasis and in wound healing. In the last 10 years, germ line mutations in the genes encoding five connexin family members have been linked to various types of skin diseases that appear to offset the balance between keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Consequently, in order to determine how these connexin gene mutations manifest as skin disease, disease-linked mutants must be expressed in 3D organotypic epidermis reference models that attempt to mimic the human condition. Given the complexity of organotypic epidermis, confocal optical and biochemical dissection of connexin or disease-linked connexin mutants within the regenerated epidermal layer is required. The procedures necessary to assess the architectural characteristics of genetically modified organotypic epidermis and its state of differentiation will be described in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Langlois
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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