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Hall DD, Takeshima H, Song LS. Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Junctophilin Family. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:123-147. [PMID: 37931168 PMCID: PMC10922073 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-014926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In both excitable and nonexcitable cells, diverse physiological processes are linked to different calcium microdomains within nanoscale junctions that form between the plasma membrane and endo-sarcoplasmic reticula. It is now appreciated that the junctophilin protein family is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and modulating the structure and function of these junctions. We review foundational findings from more than two decades of research that have uncovered how junctophilin-organized ultrastructural domains regulate evolutionarily conserved biological processes. We discuss what is known about the junctophilin family of proteins. Our goal is to summarize the current knowledge of junctophilin domain structure, function, and regulation and to highlight emerging avenues of research that help our understanding of the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulation of this gene family and its roles in health and during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane D Hall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; ,
| | - Hiroshi Takeshima
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Long-Sheng Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; ,
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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2
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Asfaw TN, Bondarenko VE. A compartmentalized mathematical model of the β 1- and β 2-adrenergic signaling systems in ventricular myocytes from mouse in heart failure. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C263-C291. [PMID: 36468844 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00366.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of heart failure are extensively used to research human cardiovascular diseases. In particular, one of the most common is the mouse model of heart failure resulting from transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Despite this, there are no comprehensive compartmentalized mathematical models that describe the complex behavior of the action potential, [Ca2+]i transients, and their regulation by β1- and β2-adrenergic signaling systems in failing mouse myocytes. In this paper, we develop a novel compartmentalized mathematical model of failing mouse ventricular myocytes after TAC procedure. The model describes well the cell geometry, action potentials, [Ca2+]i transients, and β1- and β2-adrenergic signaling in the failing cells. Simulation results obtained with the failing cell model are compared with those from the normal ventricular myocytes. Exploration of the model reveals the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load mechanisms in failing ventricular myocytes. We also show a larger susceptibility of the failing myocytes to early and delayed afterdepolarizations and to a proarrhythmic behavior of Ca2+ dynamics upon stimulation with isoproterenol. The mechanisms of the proarrhythmic behavior suppression are investigated and sensitivity analysis is performed. The developed model can explain the existing experimental data on failing mouse ventricular myocytes and make experimentally testable predictions of a failing myocyte's behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Negash Asfaw
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vladimir E Bondarenko
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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3
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Shah AM, Giacca M. Small non-coding RNA therapeutics for cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:4548-4561. [PMID: 36106499 PMCID: PMC9659475 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel bio-therapeutic agents that harness the properties of small, non-coding nucleic acids hold great promise for clinical applications. These include antisense oligonucleotides that inhibit messenger RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), or long non-coding RNAs; positive effectors of the miRNA pathway (short interfering RNAs and miRNA mimics); or small RNAs that target proteins (i.e. aptamers). These new therapies also offer exciting opportunities for cardiovascular diseases and promise to move the field towards more precise approaches based on disease mechanisms. There have been substantial advances in developing chemical modifications to improve the in vivo pharmacological properties of antisense oligonucleotides and reduce their immunogenicity. Carrier methods (e.g. RNA conjugates, polymers, and lipoplexes) that enhance cellular uptake of RNA therapeutics and stability against degradation by intracellular nucleases are also transforming the field. A number of small non-coding RNA therapies for cardiovascular indications are now approved. Moreover, there is a large pipeline of therapies in clinical development and an even larger list of putative therapies emerging from pre-clinical studies. Progress in this area is reviewed herein along with the hurdles that need to be overcome to allow a broader clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay M Shah
- King’s College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Mauro Giacca
- King’s College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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4
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Qin K, Xie X, Tang W, Yang D, Peng J, Guo J, Yang J, Fan C. Non-coding RNAs to regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation: A new trend in therapeutic cardiac regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:944393. [PMID: 36061542 PMCID: PMC9433661 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.944393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide, particularly ischemic heart disease (IHD). It is also classified as incurable given the irreversible damage it causes to cardiomyocytes. Thus, myocardial tissue rejuvenation following ischemia is one of the global primary research concerns for scientists. Interestingly, the mammalian heart thrives after an injury during the embryonic or neonatal period; however, this ability disappears with increasing age. Previous studies have found that specific non-coding (nc) RNAs play a pivotal role in this process. Hence, the review herein summarizes the research on cardiomyocyte regenerative medicine in recent years and sets forth the biological functions and mechanisms of the micro (mi)RNA, long non-coding (lnc)RNA, and circular (circ)RNA in the posttranscriptional regulation of cardiomyocytes. In addition, this review summarizes the roles of ncRNAs in specific species while enumerating potential therapeutic strategies for myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kele Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijie Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danni Yang
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Hunan Fangsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengming Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Fangsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Chengming Fan
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5
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de Oliveira Silva T, Lino CA, Miranda JB, Balbino-Silva CS, Lunardon G, Lima VM, Jensen L, Donato J, Irigoyen MC, Barreto-Chaves MLM, Diniz GP. miRNA-143-3p-Sox6-Myh7 pathway is altered in obesogenic diet-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:892-905. [PMID: 35765992 DOI: 10.1113/ep090315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? To investigate the effect of an obesogenic diet on the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in cardiac hypertrophy in female mice. What is the main finding and its importance? Female mice fed an obesogenic diet exhibited cardiac hypertrophy associated with increased levels of miRNA-143-3p, decreased levels of Sox6 and increased expression of Myh7. Inhibition of miRNA-143-3p increased Sox6 mRNA levels and reduced Myh7 expression in cardiomyocytes, and prevented angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Our results indicate that the miRNA-143-3p-Sox6-Myh7 pathway may play a key role in obesity-induced cardiac hypertrophy. ABSTRACT Obesity induces cardiometabolic disorders associated with a high risk of mortality. We have previously shown that the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile is changed in obesity-induced cardiac hypertrophy in male mice. Here, we investigated the effect of an obesogenic diet on the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in cardiac hypertrophy in female mice. Female mice fed an obesogenic diet displayed an increased body weight gain, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. In addition, obese female mice exhibited cardiac hypertrophy associated with increased levels of several miRNAs, including miR-143-3p. Bioinformatic analysis identified Sox6, a regulator of Myh7 transcription, as a predicted target of the miR-143-3p. Female mice fed an obesogenic diet exhibited decreased levels of Sox6 and increased expression of Myh7 in the heart. Loss-of-function studies in cardiomyocytes revealed that inhibition of miR-143-3p increased Sox6 mRNA levels and reduced Myh7 expression. Collectively, our results indicate that obesity-associated cardiac hypertrophy in female mice is accompanied by alterations in diverse miRNAs, and suggest that the miR-143-3p-Sox6-Myh7 pathway may play a key role in obesity-induced cardiac hypertrophy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline A Lino
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliane B Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila S Balbino-Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Lunardon
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Lima
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Jensen
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriela P Diniz
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Noncoding RNAs in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050777. [PMID: 35269399 PMCID: PMC8908994 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a major global health concern. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in physiological processes and in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including heart failure. ncRNAs have emerged as critical components of transcriptional regulatory pathways that govern cardiac development, stress response, signaling, and remodeling in cardiac pathology. Recently, studies of ncRNAs in cardiovascular disease have achieved significant development. Here, we discuss the roles of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) that modulate the cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Traditional Chinese Medicine Shen-Yuan-Dan (SYD) Improves Hypoxia-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Neonatal Rats by Upregulating miR-24/Bim Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5804187. [PMID: 35154347 PMCID: PMC8831054 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5804187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of malignant arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden death. However, safe and effective drugs for the treatment of AMI are unavailable to date. The present study aimed to investigate the role of traditional Chinese medicine shen-yuan-dan (SYD) in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in neonatal rats. In addition, the study explored the possible mechanism through which SYD could reduce myocardial ischemia apoptosis and regulate the expression of the miR-24/Bim pathway. Methods: Hypoxia-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used for the experiments. These cardiomyocytes were transfected with an miR-24 mimic and an miR-24 inhibitor and then cocultured with SYD-containing serum. MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, AnnexinV/PI double staining, flow cytometry, and TUNEL staining were used to determine the cell viability and apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the expression level of Bim in the hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes was determined through western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: After 48 h of hypoxia, LDH and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities increased, cell viability decreased, and miR-24 expression upregulated in the cardiomyocytes. SYD alleviated hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury, decreased LDH and CPK activities, increased cell viability, and reduced apoptosis in the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Moreover, SYD could upregulate miR-24 expression and downregulate Bim expression. Upregulation of miR-24 expression significantly enhanced the effect of SYD, thereby improving myocardial cell apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis confirmed that Bim was a direct target of miR-24. Conclusion: SYD treatment reduces hypoxia-induced myocardial apoptosis by upregulating miR-24 expression. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic potential of SYD in promoting the recovery of myocardial function and delaying the incidence of heart failure.
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Abstract
Junctophilins (JPHs) comprise a family of structural proteins that connect the plasma membrane to intracellular organelles such as the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum. Tethering of these membrane structures results in the formation of highly organized subcellular junctions that play important signaling roles in all excitable cell types. There are four JPH isoforms, expressed primarily in muscle and neuronal cell types. Each JPH protein consists of 6 'membrane occupation and recognition nexus' (MORN) motifs, a joining region connecting these to another set of 2 MORN motifs, a putative alpha-helical region, a divergent region exhibiting low homology between JPH isoforms, and a carboxy-terminal transmembrane region anchoring into the ER/SR membrane. JPH isoforms play essential roles in developing and maintaining subcellular membrane junctions. Conversely, inherited mutations in JPH2 cause hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, while trinucleotide expansions in the JPH3 gene cause Huntington Disease-Like 2. Loss of JPH1 protein levels can cause skeletal myopathy, while loss of cardiac JPH2 levels causes heart failure and atrial fibrillation, among other disease. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the JPH gene family, phylogeny, and evolutionary analysis of JPH genes and other MORN domain proteins. JPH biogenesis, membrane tethering, and binding partners will be discussed, as well as functional roles of JPH isoforms in excitable cells. Finally, potential roles of JPH isoform deficits in human disease pathogenesis will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan E Lehnart
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States; Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine (Cardiology), Pediatrics (Cardiology), Neuroscience, and Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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9
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Younis NN, Salama A, Shaheen MA, Eissa RG. Pachymic Acid Attenuated Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure by Suppressing miR-24 and Preserving Cardiac Junctophilin-2 in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910710. [PMID: 34639051 PMCID: PMC8509247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in cardiac contractility and heart failure (HF) are common following doxorubicin (DOX) administration. Different miRs play a role in HF, and their targeting was suggested as a promising therapy. We aimed to target miR-24, a suppressor upstream of junctophilin-2 (JP-2), which is required to affix the sarcoplasmic reticulum to T-tubules, and hence the release of Ca2+ in excitation–contraction coupling using pachymic acid (PA) and/or losartan (LN). HF was induced with DOX (3.5 mg/kg, i.p., six doses, twice weekly) in 24 rats. PA and LN (10 mg/kg, daily) were administered orally for four weeks starting the next day of the last DOX dose. Echocardiography, left ventricle (LV) biochemical and histological assessment and electron microscopy were conducted. DOX increased serum BNP, HW/TL, HW/BW, mitochondrial number/size and LV expression of miR-24 but decreased EF, cardiomyocyte fiber diameter, LV content of JP-2 and ryanodine receptors-2 (RyR2). Treatment with either PA or LN reversed these changes. Combined PA + LN attained better results than monotherapies. In conclusion, HF progression following DOX administration can be prevented or even delayed by targeting miR-24 and its downstream JP-2. Our results, therefore, suggest the possibility of using PA alone or as an adjuvant therapy with LN to attain better management of HF patients, especially those who developed tolerance toward LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla N. Younis
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-109-6635-165
| | - Alaa Salama
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Shaheen
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Rana G. Eissa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
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10
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Setterberg IE, Le C, Frisk M, Li J, Louch WE. The Physiology and Pathophysiology of T-Tubules in the Heart. Front Physiol 2021; 12:718404. [PMID: 34566684 PMCID: PMC8458775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.718404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In cardiomyocytes, invaginations of the sarcolemmal membrane called t-tubules are critically important for triggering contraction by excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. These structures form functional junctions with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and thereby enable close contact between L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) and Ryanodine Receptors (RyRs). This arrangement in turn ensures efficient triggering of Ca2+ release, and contraction. While new data indicate that t-tubules are capable of exhibiting compensatory remodeling, they are also widely reported to be structurally and functionally compromised during disease, resulting in disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis, impaired systolic and/or diastolic function, and arrhythmogenesis. This review summarizes these findings, while highlighting an emerging appreciation of the distinct roles of t-tubules in the pathophysiology of heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF and HFpEF). In this context, we review current understanding of the processes underlying t-tubule growth, maintenance, and degradation, underscoring the involvement of a variety of regulatory proteins, including junctophilin-2 (JPH2), amphiphysin-2 (BIN1), caveolin-3 (Cav3), and newer candidate proteins. Upstream regulation of t-tubule structure/function by cardiac workload and specifically ventricular wall stress is also discussed, alongside perspectives for novel strategies which may therapeutically target these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn E Setterberg
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher Le
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Frisk
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jia Li
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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11
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MicroRNA-26a/b-5p promotes myocardial infarction-induced cell death by downregulating cytochrome c oxidase 5a. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1332-1343. [PMID: 34518647 PMCID: PMC8492744 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) damage induces various types of cell death, and persistent ischemia causes cardiac contractile decline. An effective therapeutic strategy is needed to reduce myocardial cell death and induce cardiac recovery. Therefore, studies on molecular and genetic biomarkers of MI, such as microRNAs (miRs), have recently been increasing and attracting attention due to the ideal characteristics of miRs. The aim of the present study was to discover novel causative factors of MI using multiomics-based functional experiments. Through proteomic, MALDI-TOF-MS, RNA sequencing, and network analyses of myocardial infarcted rat hearts and in vitro functional analyses of myocardial cells, we found that cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5a (Cox5a) expression is noticeably decreased in myocardial infarcted rat hearts and myocardial cells under hypoxic conditions, regulates other identified proteins and is closely related to hypoxia-induced cell death. Moreover, using in silico and in vitro analyses, we found that miR-26a-5p and miR-26b-5p (miR-26a/b-5p) may directly modulate Cox5a, which regulates hypoxia-related cell death. The results of this study elucidate the direct molecular mechanisms linking miR-26a/b-5p and Cox5a in cell death induced by oxygen tension, which may contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets to modulate cardiac function under physiological and pathological conditions. Monitoring the activity of two microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs, may provide a useful biomarker for heart attack prognosis and inform novel treatments for repairing heart cells. Ki-Chul Hwang and Jung-Won Choi at the Catholic Kwandong University in Gangwon-do, South Korea, and co-workers examined potential causative factors for heart attacks by exploring the activity of microRNAs in rat models and heart cell cultures. They found that levels of a key protein involved in maintaining mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5a (Cox5a), were significantly decreased in heart cells during oxygen deprivation. Further, they identified two microRNAs that acted to inhibit Cox5a after a heart attack. Suppressing these two microRNAs could boost Cox5a activity and limit cell death, although the authors urge caution because microRNAs also play physiological roles in the body.
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12
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Non-Coding RNAs in the Cardiac Action Potential and Their Impact on Arrhythmogenic Cardiac Diseases. HEARTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/hearts2030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are prevalent among humans across all age ranges, affecting millions of people worldwide. While cardiac arrhythmias vary widely in their clinical presentation, they possess shared complex electrophysiologic properties at cellular level that have not been fully studied. Over the last decade, our current understanding of the functional roles of non-coding RNAs have progressively increased. microRNAs represent the most studied type of small ncRNAs and it has been demonstrated that miRNAs play essential roles in multiple biological contexts, including normal development and diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the functional contribution of non-coding RNAs, primarily microRNAs, to the normal configuration of the cardiac action potential, as well as their association to distinct types of arrhythmogenic cardiac diseases.
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13
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Zhu M, Gao J, Lin XJ, Gong YY, Qi YC, Ma YL, Song YX, Tan W, Li FY, Ye M, Gong J, Cui QH, Huang ZH, Zhang YY, Wang XJ, Lan F, Wang SQ, Yuan G, Feng Y, Xu M. Novel roles of an intragenic G-quadruplex in controlling microRNA expression and cardiac function. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:2522-2536. [PMID: 33561291 PMCID: PMC7969000 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous dysregulation of multiple microRNAs (miRs) affects various pathological pathways related to cardiac failure. In addition to being potential cardiac disease-specific markers, miR-23b/27b/24-1 were reported to be responsible for conferring cardiac pathophysiological processes. In this study, we identified a conserved guanine-rich RNA motif within the miR-23b/27b/24-1 cluster that can form an RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) in vitro and in cells. Disruption of this intragenic rG4 significantly increased the production of all three miRs. Conversely, a G4-binding ligand tetrandrine (TET) stabilized the rG4 and suppressed miRs production in human and rodent cardiomyocytes. Our further study showed that the rG4 prevented Drosha-DGCR8 binding and processing of the pri-miR, suppressing the biogenesis of all three miRs. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated G4 deletion in the rat genome aberrantly elevated all three miRs in the heart in vivo, leading to cardiac contractile dysfunction. Importantly, loss of the G4 resulted in reduced targets for the aforementioned miRs critical for normal heart function and defects in the L-type Ca2+ channel-ryanodine receptor (LCC-RyR) coupling in cardiomyocytes. Our results reveal a novel mechanism for G4-dependent regulation of miR biogenesis, which is essential for maintaining normal heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and RegulatoryPeptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and RegulatoryPeptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xian-Juan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and RegulatoryPeptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yun-Yun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Engineering and College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan-Chao Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and RegulatoryPeptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan-Liang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and RegulatoryPeptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan-Xiu Song
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and RegulatoryPeptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qing-Hua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zeng-Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - You-Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and RegulatoryPeptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiu-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Feng Lan
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Engineering and College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gu Yuan
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and RegulatoryPeptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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14
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Poulet C, Sanchez-Alonso J, Swiatlowska P, Mouy F, Lucarelli C, Alvarez-Laviada A, Gross P, Terracciano C, Houser S, Gorelik J. Junctophilin-2 tethers T-tubules and recruits functional L-type calcium channels to lipid rafts in adult cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:149-161. [PMID: 32053184 PMCID: PMC7797210 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM In cardiomyocytes, transverse tubules (T-tubules) associate with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), forming junctional membrane complexes (JMCs) where L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) are juxtaposed to Ryanodine receptors (RyR). Junctophilin-2 (JPH2) supports the assembly of JMCs by tethering T-tubules to the SR membrane. T-tubule remodelling in cardiac diseases is associated with downregulation of JPH2 expression suggesting that JPH2 plays a crucial role in T-tubule stability. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicate that JPH2 might additionally act as a modulator of calcium signalling by directly regulating RyR and LTCCs. This study aimed at determining whether JPH2 overexpression restores normal T-tubule structure and LTCC function in cultured cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Rat ventricular myocytes kept in culture for 4 days showed extensive T-tubule remodelling with impaired JPH2 localization and relocation of the scaffolding protein Caveolin3 (Cav3) from the T-tubules to the outer membrane. Overexpression of JPH2 restored T-tubule structure and Cav3 relocation. Depletion of membrane cholesterol by chronic treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) countered the stabilizing effect of JPH2 overexpression on T-tubules and Cav3. Super-resolution scanning patch-clamp showed that JPH2 overexpression greatly increased the number of functional LTCCs at the plasma membrane. Treatment with MβCD reduced LTCC open probability and activity. Proximity ligation assays showed that MβCD did not affect JPH2 interaction with RyR and the pore-forming LTCC subunit Cav1.2, but strongly impaired JPH2 association with Cav3 and the accessory LTCC subunit Cavβ2. CONCLUSIONS JPH2 promotes T-tubule structural stability and recruits functional LTCCs to the membrane, most likely by directly binding to the channel. Cholesterol is involved in the binding of JPH2 to T-tubules as well as in the modulation of LTCC activity. We propose a model where cholesterol and Cav3 support the assembly of lipid rafts which provide an anchor for JPH2 to form JMCs and a platform for signalling complexes to regulate LTCC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Poulet
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jose Sanchez-Alonso
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pamela Swiatlowska
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Florence Mouy
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Carla Lucarelli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Anita Alvarez-Laviada
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Polina Gross
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Cesare Terracciano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Steven Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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15
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Ke Q, Liu F, Tang Y, Chen J, Hu H, Sun X, Tan W. The protective effect of isosteviol sodium on cardiac function and myocardial remodelling in transverse aortic constriction rat. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1166-1177. [PMID: 33336505 PMCID: PMC7812303 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological hypertrophy contributes to heart failure and there is not quite effective treatment to invert this process. Isosteviol has been shown to protect the heart against ischaemia-reperfusion injury and isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy, but its effect on pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy is still unknown. Pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) causes cardiac hypertrophy in rats to mimic the pathological condition in human. This study examined the effects of isosteviol sodium (STVNa) on cardiac hypertrophy by the TAC model and cellular assays in vitro. Cardiac function test, electrocardiogram analysis and histological analysis were conducted. The effects of STVNa on calcium transient of the adult rat ventricular cells and the proliferation of neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were also studied in vitro. Cardiac hypertrophy was observed after 3-week TAC while the extensive cardiac dysfunction and electronic remodelling were observed after 9-week TAC. Both STVNa and sildenafil (positive drug) treatment reversed the two process, but STVNa appeared to be more superior in some aspects and did not change calcium transient considerably. STVNa also reversed TAC-induced cardiac fibrosis in vivo and TGF-β1-induced fibroblast proliferation in vitro. Moreover, STVNa, but not sildenafil, reversed impairment of the autonomic nervous system induced by 9-week TAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjin Ke
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiedi Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui Hu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Wen Tan
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
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16
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Gou L, Xue C, Tang X, Fang Z. Inhibition of Exo-miR-19a-3p derived from cardiomyocytes promotes angiogenesis and improves heart function in mice with myocardial infarction via targeting HIF-1α. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23609-23618. [PMID: 33352533 PMCID: PMC7762502 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI), a common presentation for cardiovascular disease, is caused by reduction of blood flow and oxygen supply and is one of the main causes of death worldwide. MicroRNAs participate in multiple physiological and pathological processed and play crucial role in myocardial infarction. RESULTS qRT-PCR analysis showed that expression level of miR-19a-3p was increased in serum of patient with MI. In vitro study indicated that the miR-19a-3p level was upregulated in response to H2O2 treatment and transferred by exosome, and then, uptake occurred in endothelial cells. Furthermore, western blot and immunostaining showed that treatment of exosome enriched miR-19a-3p suppressed the proliferation of endothelial cells and induced cell death, which was inhibited by AMO-19 transfection. Administration of antagomiR-19a-3p promoted angiogenesis and improved heart function of MI mice. Moreover, miR-19a-3p overexpression downregulated the protein level of HIF-1α and transfection of si-HIF-1α reversed the promotion of endothelial cells proliferation caused by AMO-19 transfection. In addition, antagomiR-19a-3p treatment accelerated angiogenesis and infection of AAV5-shHIF-1α inhibited that effect in MI mice. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our finding indicated that miR-19a-3p inhibited endothelial cells proliferation and angiogenesis via targeting HIF-1α and attenuated heart function of mice after MI, and suggested a new mechanism of cell-to-cell communication between cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianping Gou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Department of General Practitioner, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Department of Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, China
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17
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Shimizu T, Taguchi A, Higashijima Y, Takubo N, Kanki Y, Urade Y, Wada Y. PERK-Mediated Suppression of microRNAs by Sildenafil Improves Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Heart Failure. iScience 2020; 23:101410. [PMID: 32768667 PMCID: PMC7378464 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative/nitrosative stress is a major trigger of cardiac dysfunction, involving the unfolded protein response and mitochondrial dysfunction. Activation of nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G signaling by sildenafil improves cardiac mal-remodeling during pressure-overload-induced heart failure. Transcriptome analysis was conducted in failing hearts with or without sildenafil treatment. Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) downstream signaling pathways, EIF2 and NRF2, were significantly altered. Although EIF2 signaling was suppressed, NRF2 signaling was upregulated, inhibiting the maturation of miR 24-3p through EGFR-mediated Ago2 phosphorylation. To study the effect of sildenafil on these pathways, we generated cardiac-specific PERK knockout mice. In these mice, sildenafil could not inhibit the maturations, the nuclear translocation of NRF2 was suppressed, and mitochondrial dysfunction advanced. Altogether, these results show that PERK-mediated suppression of miRNAs by sildenafil is vital for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis through NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shimizu
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Akashi Taguchi
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Higashijima
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Department of Bioinformational Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Naoko Takubo
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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18
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Li X, Xu G, Wei S, Zhang B, Yao H, Chen Y, Liu W, Wang B, Zhao J, Gao Y. Lingguizhugan decoction attenuates doxorubicin-induced heart failure in rats by improving TT-SR microstructural remodeling. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:360. [PMID: 31829159 PMCID: PMC6907350 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lingguizhugan decoction (LGZG), an ancient Chinese herbal formula, has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases in eastern Asia. We investigated whether LGZG has protective activity and the mechanism underlying its effect in an animal model of heart failure (HF). METHODS A rat model of HF was established by administering eight intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin (DOX) (cumulative dose of 16 mg/kg) over a 4-week period. Subsequently, LGZG at 5, 10, and 15 mL/kg/d was administered to the rats intragastrically once daily for 4 weeks. The body weight, heart weight index (HWI), heart weight/tibia length ratio (HW/TL), and serum BNP level were investigated to assess the effect of LGZG on HF. Echocardiography was performed to investigate cardiac function, and H&E staining to visualize myocardial morphology. Myocardial ultrastructure and T-tubule-sarcoplasmic reticulum (TT-SR) junctions were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The JP-2 protein level was determined by Western blotting. The mRNA level of CACNA1S and RyR2 and the microRNA-24 (miR-24) level were assayed by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Four weeks after DOX treatment, rats developed cardiac damage and exhibited a significantly increased BNP level compared with the control rats (169.6 ± 29.6 pg/mL versus 80.1 ± 9.8 pg/mL, P < 0.001). Conversely, LGZG, especially at the highest dose, markedly reduced the BNP level (93.8 ± 17.9 pg/mL, P < 0.001). Rats treated with DOX developed cardiac dysfunction, characterized by a strong decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction compared with the control (58.5 ± 8.7% versus 88.7 ± 4.0%; P < 0.001). Digoxin and LGZG improved cardiac dysfunction (79.6 ± 6.1%, 69.2 ± 2.5%, respectively) and preserved the left ventricular ejection fraction (77.9 ± 5.1, and 80.5 ± 4.9, respectively, P < 0.01). LGZG also improved the LVEDD, LVESD, and FS and eliminated ventricular hypertrophy, as indicated by decreased HWI and HW/TL ratio. LGZG attenuated morphological abnormalities and mitochondrial damage in the myocardium. In addition, a high dose of LGZG significantly downregulated the expression of miR-24 compared with that in DOX-treated rats (fold change 1.4 versus 3.4, P < 0.001), but upregulated the expression of JP-2 and antagonized DOX-induced T-tubule TT-SR microstructural remodeling. These activities improved periodic Ca2+ transients and cell contraction, which may underly the beneficial effect of LGZG on HF. CONCLUSIONS LGZG exerted beneficial effects on DOX-induced HF in rats, which were mediated in part by improved TT-SR microstructural remodeling.
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19
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Bheri S, Davis ME. Nanoparticle-Hydrogel System for Post-myocardial Infarction Delivery of MicroRNA. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9702-9706. [PMID: 31469276 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapies for cardiac repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI) are rather limited. Although microRNAs (miRs) are known to play an important role in improving cardiac function after MI at a cellular level, delivering and retaining miRs at the target site has been challenging. To address this dilemma, several miR carriers have been developed, but these face their own limitations such as immunogenicity and poor targeting to the infarct site. In this Perspective, we summarize different mechanisms for miR administration and localization to cardiac tissue, with a specific focus on the clinically relevant injectable hydrogel and nanoparticle system developed by Yang et al. and reported in this issue of ACS Nano. We also highlight future directions for this field and outline the remaining unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruti Bheri
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Michael E Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
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20
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Mendizábal B, Urbina EM, Becker R, Daniels SR, Falkner BE, Hamdani G, Hanevold CD, Hooper SR, Ingelfinger JR, Lande M, Martin LJ, Meyers K, Mitsnefes M, Rosner B, Samuels JA, Flynn JT. SHIP-AHOY (Study of High Blood Pressure in Pediatrics: Adult Hypertension Onset in Youth). Hypertension 2019; 72:625-631. [PMID: 29987102 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although hypertension is identifiable in children and adolescents, there are many knowledge gaps on how to best define and manage high blood pressure in the young. SHIP-AHOY (Study of High Blood Pressure in Pediatrics: Adult Hypertension Onset in Youth) is being conducted to address these knowledge gaps. Five hundred adolescents will be recruited and will undergo ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, echocardiographic, vascular, and cognitive assessments, as well as epigenetic studies to identify mechanisms that underlie the development of hypertensive target organ damage. Details of the design and methods that will be utilized in SHIP-AHOY are presented here, as well as baseline characteristics of the first 264 study participants. The primary aim of the study is to develop a risk-based definition of hypertension in the young that will result in better understanding of the transition from blood pressure in youth to adult cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard Becker
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (R.B.)
| | - Stephen R Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, Denver Children's Hospital, Aurora, CO (S.R.D.)
| | - Bonita E Falkner
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (B.E.F.)
| | | | - Coral D Hanevold
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine (C.D.H., J.T.F.)
| | - Stephen R Hooper
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.R.H.)
| | - Julie R Ingelfinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Mass General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital (J.R.I.)
| | - Marc Lande
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (M.L.)
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Human Genetics (L.J.M.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Kevin Meyers
- Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (K.M.)
| | - Mark Mitsnefes
- From the Divisions of Preventive Cardiology (B.M., E.M.U.)
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.R.)
| | - Joshua A Samuels
- Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (J.A.S.)
| | - Joseph T Flynn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine (C.D.H., J.T.F.)
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21
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RBFox2-miR-34a-Jph2 axis contributes to cardiac decompensation during heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6172-6180. [PMID: 30867288 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1822176116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart performance relies on highly coordinated excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, and defects in this critical process may be exacerbated by additional genetic defects and/or environmental insults to cause eventual heart failure. Here we report a regulatory pathway consisting of the RNA binding protein RBFox2, a stress-induced microRNA miR-34a, and the essential EC coupler JPH2. In this pathway, initial cardiac defects diminish RBFox2 expression, which induces transcriptional repression of miR-34a, and elevated miR-34a targets Jph2 to impair EC coupling, which further manifests heart dysfunction, leading to progressive heart failure. The key contribution of miR-34a to this process is further established by administrating its mimic, which is sufficient to induce cardiac defects, and by using its antagomir to alleviate RBFox2 depletion-induced heart dysfunction. These findings elucidate a potential feed-forward mechanism to account for a critical transition to cardiac decompensation and suggest a potential therapeutic avenue against heart failure.
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22
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Effects of propofol and etomidate anesthesia on cardiovascular miRNA expression: the different profiles? BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 18:149. [PMID: 30352555 PMCID: PMC6199805 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-018-0610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of the intravenous anesthetics propofol and etomidate on circulation are significantly different; however, their differing effects on miRNA expression in the cardiovascular system are not clearly understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of these two anesthetics on miRNA expression profiles in the heart and blood vessels. Methods Rats were randomly divided into a propofol group and an etomidate group. Spontaneous breathing was maintained throughout the anesthesia process and the rats’ oxygen supply was ensured. Heart and thoracic aorta tissue was harvested 3 h after induction. The expression profiles of cardiovascular miRNAs were detected by microarray 4.0 analysis. Twelve representative miRNAs were selected for qRT-PCR validation, and their target genes were predicted using bioinformatics methods. Results Microarray analysis showed 16 differentially expressed miRNAs in heart tissue from the propofol group compared with the etomidate group (10 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated), while in the blood vessels there were 25 altered miRNAs (10 up-regulated, 15 down-regulated). After verifying 12 representative miRNAs via qRT-PCR, the results showed no significant difference in the expression of miRNAs in the heart tissue, but a significant difference in the expression of 5 miRNAs in vessel tissue between the two groups. Bioinformatics analysis predicts that the target genes of the 5 differentially expressed miRNAs are associated with chemical synapse signaling pathways. Conclusions Propofol and etomidate have different effects on the expression of cardiovascular miRNAs, and further research is needed to elucidate the functional consequences of these differentially expressed miRNAs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12871-018-0610-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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23
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Gao J, Zhu M, Liu RF, Zhang JS, Xu M. Cardiac Hypertrophy is Positively Regulated by MicroRNA‑24 in Rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1333-1341. [PMID: 29786048 PMCID: PMC5987506 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.232793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNA-24 (miR-24) plays an important role in heart failure by reducing the efficiency of myocardial excitation-contraction coupling. Prolonged cardiac hypertrophy may lead to heart failure, but little is known about the role of miR-24 in cardiac hypertrophy. This study aimed to preliminarily investigate the function of miR-24 and its mechanisms in cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats with a body weight of 50 ± 5 g were recruited and randomly divided into two groups: a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) group and a sham surgery group. Hypertrophy index was measured and calculated by echocardiography and hematoxylin and eosin staining. TargetScans algorithm-based prediction was used to search for the targets of miR-24, which was subsequently confirmed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction and luciferase assay. Immunofluorescence labeling was used to measure the cell surface area, and 3H-leucine incorporation was used to detect the synthesis of total protein in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs) with the overexpression of miR-24. In addition, flow cytometry was performed to observe the alteration in the cell cycle. Statistical analysis was carried out with GraphPad Prism v5.0 and SPSS 19.0. A two-sided P < 0.05 was considered as the threshold for significance. Results: The expression of miR-24 was abnormally increased in TAC rat cardiac tissue (t = −2.938, P < 0.05). TargetScans algorithm-based prediction demonstrated that CDKN1B (p27, Kip1), a cell cycle regulator, was a putative target of miR-24, and was confirmed by luciferase assay. The expression of p27 was decreased in TAC rat cardiac tissue (t = 2.896, P < 0.05). The overexpression of miR-24 in NRCMs led to the decreased expression of p27 (t = 4.400, P < 0.01), and decreased G0/G1 arrest in cell cycle and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Conclusion: MiR-24 promotes cardiac hypertrophy partly by affecting the cell cycle through down-regulation of p27 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rui-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian-Shu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
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24
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De Majo F, De Windt LJ. RNA therapeutics for heart disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:468-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Mohseni Z, Spaanderman MEA, Oben J, Calore M, Derksen E, Al-Nasiry S, de Windt LJ, Ghossein-Doha C. Cardiac remodeling and pre-eclampsia: an overview of microRNA expression patterns. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2018; 52:310-317. [PMID: 28466998 DOI: 10.1002/uog.17516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is strongly associated with heart failure (HF) later in life. During PE pregnancy, the left ventricle undergoes concentric remodeling which often persists after delivery. This aberrant remodeling can induce a molecular signature that can be evaluated in terms of microRNAs (miRNAs) and which may help to explain the associated increased risk of HF. For this review, we performed a literature search of PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information), identifying studies on miRNA expression in concentric remodeling and on miRNA expression in PE. The miRNA data were stratified based on origin (isolated from humans or animals and from tissue or the circulation) and both datasets compared in order to generate a list of miRNA expression patterns in concentric remodeling and in PE. The nine miRNAs identified in both concentric remodeling and PE-complicated pregnancy were: miR-1, miR-18, miR-21, miR-29b, miR-30, miR-125b, miR-181b, miR-195 and miR-499-5p. We found five of these miRNAs (miR-18, miR-21, miR-125b, miR-195 and miR-499-5p) to be upregulated in both PE pregnancy and cardiac remodeling and two (miR-1 and miR-30) to be downregulated in both; the remaining two miRNAs (miR-29b and miR-181b) showed upregulation during PE but downregulation in cardiac remodeling. This innovative approach may be a step towards finding relevant biomarkers for complicated pregnancy and elucidating their relationship with remote cardiovascular disease. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Mohseni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M E A Spaanderman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Oben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Calore
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E Derksen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S Al-Nasiry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L J de Windt
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C Ghossein-Doha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known as the master regulators of gene expression, and for the last two decades our knowledge of their functional reach keeps expanding. Recent studies have shown that a miRNA’s role in regulation extends to extracellular and intracellular organelles. Several studies have shown a role for miRNA in regulating the mitochondrial genome in normal and disease conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in many human pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and neurological diseases. These studies have shed some light on regulation of the mitochondrial genome as well as helped to explain the role of miRNA in altering mitochondrial function and the ensuing effects on cells. Although the field has grown in recent years, many questions still remain. For example, little is known about how nuclear-encoded miRNAs translocate to the mitochondrial matrix. Knowledge of the mechanisms of miRNA transport into the mitochondrial matrix is likely to provide important insights into our understanding of disease pathophysiology and could represent new targets for therapeutic intervention. For this review, our focus will be on the role of a subset of miRNAs, known as MitomiR, in mitochondrial function. We also discuss the potential mechanisms used by these nuclear-encoded miRNAs for import into the mitochondrial compartment. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/microrna-translocation-into-the-mitochondria/ .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Affiliation(s)
- Xander H.T. Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Departments of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), and Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Zhang X, Yoon JY, Morley M, McLendon JM, Mapuskar KA, Gutmann R, Mehdi H, Bloom HL, Dudley SC, Ellinor PT, Shalaby AA, Weiss R, Tang WHW, Moravec CS, Singh M, Taylor AL, Yancy CW, Feldman AM, McNamara DM, Irani K, Spitz DR, Breheny P, Margulies KB, London B, Boudreau RL. A common variant alters SCN5A-miR-24 interaction and associates with heart failure mortality. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1154-1163. [PMID: 29457789 DOI: 10.1172/jci95710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SCN5A encodes the voltage-gated Na+ channel NaV1.5 that is responsible for depolarization of the cardiac action potential and rapid intercellular conduction. Mutations disrupting the SCN5A coding sequence cause inherited arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to SCN5A splicing, localization, and function associate with heart failure-related sudden cardiac death. However, the clinical relevance of SNPs that modulate SCN5A expression levels remains understudied. We recently generated a transcriptome-wide map of microRNA (miR) binding sites in human heart, evaluated their overlap with common SNPs, and identified a synonymous SNP (rs1805126) adjacent to a miR-24 site within the SCN5A coding sequence. This SNP was previously shown to reproducibly associate with cardiac electrophysiological parameters, but was not considered to be causal. Here, we show that miR-24 potently suppresses SCN5A expression and that rs1805126 modulates this regulation. We found that the rs1805126 minor allele associates with decreased cardiac SCN5A expression and that heart failure subjects homozygous for the minor allele have decreased ejection fraction and increased mortality, but not increased ventricular tachyarrhythmias. In mice, we identified a potential basis for this in discovering that decreased Scn5a expression leads to accumulation of myocardial reactive oxygen species. Together, these data reiterate the importance of considering the mechanistic significance of synonymous SNPs as they relate to miRs and disease, and highlight a surprising link between SCN5A expression and nonarrhythmic death in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jin-Young Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael Morley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jared M McLendon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kranti A Mapuskar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rebecca Gutmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Haider Mehdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Heather L Bloom
- Department of Medicine, Emory University Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Samuel C Dudley
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alaa A Shalaby
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raul Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine S Moravec
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Madhurmeet Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anne L Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Clyde W Yancy
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Arthur M Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dennis M McNamara
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Patrick Breheny
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Heath, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barry London
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ryan L Boudreau
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Regulatory Role of MicroRNAs in Muscle Atrophy during Exercise Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020405. [PMID: 29385720 PMCID: PMC5855627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle comprising approximately 40% of body weight is highly important for locomotion and metabolic homeostasis. The growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle are highly organized processes; thus, it is not surprising to reveal certain complexity during these regulatory processes. Recently, a large number of evidence indicate that microRNAs can result in obvious impacts on growth, regeneration and metabolism of skeletal muscle. In this review, recent research achievements of microRNAs in regulating myogenesis, atrophy and aging during exercise intervention are discussed, which will provide the guidance for developing potential applications of microRNAs in health promotion and rehabilitation of sports injuries.
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31
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Simanovich E, Brod V, Rahat MM, Rahat MA. Function of miR-146a-5p in Tumor Cells As a Regulatory Switch between Cell Death and Angiogenesis: Macrophage Therapy Revisited. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1931. [PMID: 29354134 PMCID: PMC5760497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors survive and progress by evading killing mechanisms of the immune system, and by generating a tumor microenvironment (TME) that reprograms macrophages in situ to produce factors that support tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We have previously shown that by blocking the translation of the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), miR-146a-5p inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production in a mouse renal carcinoma cell line (RENCA), thereby endowing RENCA cells with resistance to macrophage-induced cell death. Here, we expand these findings to the mouse colon carcinoma CT26 cell line and demonstrate that neutralizing miR-146a-5p's activity by transfecting both RENCA and CT26 cells with its antagomir restored iNOS expression and NO production and enhanced susceptibility to macrophage-induced cell death (by 48 and 25%, respectively, p < 0.001). Moreover, miR-146a-5p suppression simultaneously inhibited the expression of the pro-angiogenic protein EMMPRIN (threefolds, p < 0.001), leading to reduced MMP-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion (twofolds and threefolds, respectively, p < 0.05), and reduced angiogenesis, as estimated by in vitro tube formation and scratch assays. When we injected tumors with pro-inflammatory-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages together with i.v. injection of the miR-146a-5p antagomir, we found inhibited tumor growth (sixfolds, p < 0.001) and angiogenesis (twofolds, p < 0.01), and increased apoptosis (twofolds, p < 0.01). This combination therapy increased nitrites and reduced TGFβ concentrations in tumor lysates, alleviated immune suppression, and allowed enhanced infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Thus, miR-146a-5p functions as a control switch between angiogenesis and cell death, and its neutralization can manipulate the crosstalk between tumor cells and macrophages and profoundly change the TME. This strategy can be therapeutically utilized in combination with the macrophage therapy approach to induce the immune system to successfully attack the tumor, and should be further explored as a new therapy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Simanovich
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vera Brod
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maya M Rahat
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal A Rahat
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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32
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Membrane invaginations called t-tubules play an integral role in triggering cardiomyocyte contraction, and their disruption during diseases such as heart failure critically impairs cardiac performance. In this review, we outline the growing understanding of the malleability of t-tubule structure and function, and highlight emerging t-tubule regulators which may be exploited for novel therapies. RECENT FINDINGS New technologies are revealing the nanometer scale organization of t-tubules, and their functional junctions with the sarcoplasmic reticulum called dyads, which generate Ca2+ sparks. Recent data have indicated that the dyadic anchoring protein junctophilin-2, and the membrane-bending protein BIN1 are key regulators of dyadic formation and maintenance. While the underlying signals which control expression and localization of these proteins remain unclear, accumulating data support an important role of myocardial workload. Although t-tubule alterations are believed to be a key cause of heart failure, the plasticity of these structures also creates an opportunity for therapy. Promising recent data suggest that such therapies may specifically target junctophilin-2, BIN1, and/or mechanotransduction.
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33
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Arias Sosa LA. [Use of microRNAs in heart failure management]. ARCHIVOS DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 2017; 87:205-224. [PMID: 28292573 DOI: 10.1016/j.acmx.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a high impact disease that affects all human populations, demanding the development of new strategies and methods to manage this pathology. That's why microRNAs, small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression, appear as an important option in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of this disease. MiRNAs seems to have a future on HF handling, because can be isolated from body fluids such as blood, and changes in its levels can be associated with the presence, stage and specific disease features, which makes them an interesting option as biomarkers. Also, due to the important role of these molecules on regulation of gene expression and cell homeostasis, it has been explored its potential use as a therapeutic method to prevent or treat HF. That is why this review seeks to show the importance of biomedical research involving the use of miRNAs as a method to approach the HF, showing the impact of disease in the world, aspects of miRNAs biology, and their use as biomarkers and as important therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alejandro Arias Sosa
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas UPTC, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia.
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34
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Prins KW, Tian L, Wu D, Thenappan T, Metzger JM, Archer SL. Colchicine Depolymerizes Microtubules, Increases Junctophilin-2, and Improves Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006195. [PMID: 28566298 PMCID: PMC5669202 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal disease characterized by obstructive pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Although RV function predicts outcomes in PAH, mechanisms of RV dysfunction are poorly understood, and RV-targeted therapies are lacking. We hypothesized that in PAH, abnormal microtubular structure in RV cardiomyocytes impairs RV function by reducing junctophilin-2 (JPH2) expression, resulting in t-tubule derangements. Conversely, we assessed whether colchicine, a microtubule-depolymerizing agent, could increase JPH2 expression and enhance RV function in monocrotaline-induced PAH. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunoblots, confocal microscopy, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and treadmill testing were used to examine colchicine's (0.5 mg/kg 3 times/week) effects on pulmonary hemodynamics, RV function, and functional capacity. Rats were treated with saline (n=28) or colchicine (n=24) for 3 weeks, beginning 1 week after monocrotaline (60 mg/kg, subcutaneous). In the monocrotaline RV, but not the left ventricle, microtubule density is increased, and JPH2 expression is reduced, with loss of t-tubule localization and t-tubule disarray. Colchicine reduces microtubule density, increases JPH2 expression, and improves t-tubule morphology in RV cardiomyocytes. Colchicine therapy diminishes RV hypertrophy, improves RV function, and enhances RV-pulmonary artery coupling. Colchicine reduces small pulmonary arteriolar thickness and improves pulmonary hemodynamics. Finally, colchicine increases exercise capacity. CONCLUSIONS Monocrotaline-induced PAH causes RV-specific derangement of microtubules marked by reduction in JPH2 and t-tubule disarray. Colchicine reduces microtubule density, increases JPH2 expression, and improves both t-tubule architecture and RV function. Colchicine also reduces adverse pulmonary vascular remodeling. These results provide biological plausibility for a clinical trial to repurpose colchicine as a RV-directed therapy for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt W Prins
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lian Tian
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thenappan Thenappan
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Joseph M Metzger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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35
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Chen R, Feng Y, Wu J, Song Y, Li H, Shen Q, Li D, Zhang J, Lu Z, Xiao H, Zhang Y. Metformin attenuates angiotensin II-induced TGFβ1 expression by targeting hepatocyte nuclear factor-4-α. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1217-1229. [PMID: 28230250 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Metformin, a small molecule, antihyperglycaemic agent, is a well-known activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protects against cardiac fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. TGFβ1 is a key cytokine mediating cardiac fibrosis. Here, we investigated the effects of metformin on TGFβ1 production induced by angiotensin II (AngII) and the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wild-type and AMPKα2-/- C57BL/6 mice were injected s.c. with metformin or saline and infused with AngII (3 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) for 7 days. Adult mouse cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were isolated for in vitro experiments. KEY RESULTS In CFs, metformin inhibited AngII-induced TGFβ1 expression via AMPK activation. Analysis using bioinformatics predicted a potential hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α)-binding site in the promoter region of the Tgfb1 gene. Overexpressing HNF4α increased TGFβ1 expression in CFs. HNF4α siRNA attenuated AngII-induced TGFβ1 production and cardiac fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Metformin inhibited the AngII-induced increases in HNF4α protein expression and binding to the Tgfb1 promoter in CFs. In vivo, metformin blocked the AngII-induced increase in cardiac HNF4α protein levels in wild-type mice but not in AMPKα2-/- mice. Consequently, metformin inhibited AngII-induced TGFβ1 production and cardiac fibrosis in wild-type mice but not in AMPKα2-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS HNF4α mediates AngII-induced TGFβ1 transcription and cardiac fibrosis. Metformin inhibits AngII-induced HNF4α expression via AMPK activation, thus decreasing TGFβ1 transcription and cardiac fibrosis. These findings reveal a novel antifibrotic mechanism of action of metformin and identify HNF4α as a new potential therapeutic target for cardiac fibrosis. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Chen
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yenan Feng
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jimin Wu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Song
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jianshu Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhen Lu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
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36
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Das S, Vasanthi HR, Parjapath R. MitomiRs Keep the Heart Beating. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:431-450. [PMID: 28551801 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we focus on the microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) that have been found in the mitochondrial compartment, and target either mitochondrial or nuclear encoded genes present in mitochondria, leading to an alteration of mitochondrial function. We term this subset of miRNAs as "MitomiRs".
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarjit Das
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Division, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Hannah R Vasanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Ramesh Parjapath
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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37
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Reynolds JO, Quick AP, Wang Q, Beavers DL, Philippen LE, Showell J, Barreto-Torres G, Thuerauf DJ, Doroudgar S, Glembotski CC, Wehrens XHT. Junctophilin-2 gene therapy rescues heart failure by normalizing RyR2-mediated Ca 2+ release. Int J Cardiol 2016; 225:371-380. [PMID: 27760414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Junctophilin-2 (JPH2) is the primary structural protein for the coupling of transverse (T)-tubule associated cardiac L-type Ca channels and type-2 ryanodine receptors on the sarcoplasmic reticulum within junctional membrane complexes (JMCs) in cardiomyocytes. Effective signaling between these channels ensures adequate Ca-induced Ca release required for normal cardiac contractility. Disruption of JMC subcellular domains, a common feature of failing hearts, has been attributed to JPH2 downregulation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV9) mediated overexpression of JPH2 could halt the development of heart failure in a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC). METHODS AND RESULTS Following TAC, a progressive decrease in ejection fraction was paralleled by a progressive decrease of cardiac JPH2 levels. AAV9-mediated expression of JPH2 rescued cardiac contractility in mice subjected to TAC. AAV9-JPH2 also preserved T-tubule structure. Moreover, the Ca2+ spark frequency was reduced and the Ca2+ transient amplitude was increased in AAV9-JPH2 mice following TAC, consistent with JPH2-mediated normalization of SR Ca2+ handling. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that AAV9-mediated JPH2 gene therapy maintained cardiac function in mice with early stage heart failure. Moreover, restoration of JPH2 levels prevented loss of T-tubules and suppressed abnormal SR Ca2+ leak associated with contractile failure following TAC. These findings suggest that targeting JPH2 might be an attractive therapeutic approach for treating pathological cardiac remodeling during heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia O Reynolds
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dept. of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ann P Quick
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dept. of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qiongling Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dept. of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David L Beavers
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leonne E Philippen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dept. of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jordan Showell
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dept. of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giselle Barreto-Torres
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dept. of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Donna J Thuerauf
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Shirin Doroudgar
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Innere Medizin III, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher C Glembotski
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dept. of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dept. of Medicine/Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dept. of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Haque ZK, Wang DZ. How cardiomyocytes sense pathophysiological stresses for cardiac remodeling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:983-1000. [PMID: 27714411 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, the cardiovascular community has laid out the fundamental signaling cascades that become awry in the cardiomyocyte during the process of pathologic cardiac remodeling. These pathways are initiated at the cell membrane and work their way to the nucleus to mediate gene expression. Complexity is multiplied as the cardiomyocyte is subjected to cross talk with other cells as well as a barrage of extracellular stimuli and mechanical stresses. In this review, we summarize the signaling cascades that play key roles in cardiac function and then we proceed to describe emerging concepts of how the cardiomyocyte senses the mechanical and environmental stimuli to transition to the deleterious genetic program that defines pathologic cardiac remodeling. As a highlighting example of these processes, we illustrate the transition from a compensated hypertrophied myocardium to a decompensated failing myocardium, which is clinically manifested as decompensated heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaffar K Haque
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1260 John F. Enders Research Bldg, 320 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1260 John F. Enders Research Bldg, 320 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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39
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Kaneko M, Satomi T, Fujiwara S, Uchiyama H, Kusumoto K, Nishimoto T. AT1 receptor blocker azilsartan medoxomil normalizes plasma miR-146a and miR-342-3p in a murine heart failure model. Biomarkers 2016; 22:253-260. [PMID: 27321284 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1204001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Our study measured circulating microRNA (miRNA) levels in the plasma of calsequestrin (CSQ)-tg mouse, a severe heart failure model, and evaluated whether treatment with angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, azilsartan medoxomil (AZL-M) influenced their levels using miRNA array analysis. MiR-146a, miR-149, miR-150, and miR-342-3p were reproducibly reduced in the plasma of CSQ-tg mice. Among them, miR-146a and miR-342-3p were significantly restored by AZL-M, which were associated with improvement of survival rate and reduction of congestion. These results suggest that miRNA, especially miR-146a and miR-342-3p, could be used as potential biomarkers for evaluating the efficacy of anti-heart failure drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Kaneko
- a Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Fujisawa , Japan
| | - Tomoko Satomi
- a Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Fujisawa , Japan
| | - Shuji Fujiwara
- a Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Fujisawa , Japan
| | - Hidefumi Uchiyama
- b Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Fujisawa , Japan
| | - Keiji Kusumoto
- a Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Fujisawa , Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nishimoto
- a Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , Fujisawa , Japan
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40
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Xiao J, Pan Y, Li XH, Yang XY, Feng YL, Tan HH, Jiang L, Feng J, Yu XY. Cardiac progenitor cell-derived exosomes prevent cardiomyocytes apoptosis through exosomal miR-21 by targeting PDCD4. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2277. [PMID: 27336721 PMCID: PMC5143405 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells derived from adult heart have emerged as one of the most promising stem cell types for cardiac protection and repair. Exosomes are known to mediate cell–cell communication by transporting cell-derived proteins and nucleic acids, including various microRNAs (miRNAs). Here we investigated the cardiac progenitor cell (CPC)-derived exosomal miRNAs on protecting myocardium under oxidative stress. Sca1+CPCs-derived exosomes were purified from conditional medium, and identified by nanoparticle trafficking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy and western blotting using CD63, CD9 and Alix as markers. Exosomes production was measured by NTA, the result showed that oxidative stress-induced CPCs secrete more exosomes compared with normal condition. Although six apoptosis-related miRNAs could be detected in two different treatment-derived exosomes, only miR-21 was significantly upregulated in oxidative stress-induced exosomes compared with normal exosomes. The same oxidative stress could cause low miR-21 and high cleaved caspase-3 expression in H9C2 cardiac cells. But the cleaved caspase-3 was significantly decreased when miR-21 was overexpressed by transfecting miR-21 mimic. Furthermore, miR-21 mimic or inhibitor transfection and luciferase activity assay confirmed that programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) was a target gene of miR-21, and miR-21/PDCD4 axis has an important role in anti-apoptotic effect of H9C2 cell. Western blotting and Annexin V/PI results demonstrated that exosomes pre-treated H9C2 exhibited increased miR-21 whereas decreased PDCD4, and had more resistant potential to the apoptosis induced by the oxidative stress, compared with non-treated cells. These findings revealed that CPC-derived exosomal miR-21 had an inhibiting role in the apoptosis pathway through downregulating PDCD4. Restored miR-21/PDCD4 pathway using CPC-derived exosomes could protect myocardial cells against oxidative stress-related apoptosis. Therefore, exosomes could be used as a new therapeutic vehicle for ischemic cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Pan
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - X H Li
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Y Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y L Feng
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H H Tan
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Jiang
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Feng
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Y Yu
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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41
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Frisk M, Ruud M, Espe EKS, Aronsen JM, Røe ÅT, Zhang L, Norseng PA, Sejersted OM, Christensen GA, Sjaastad I, Louch WE. Elevated ventricular wall stress disrupts cardiomyocyte t-tubule structure and calcium homeostasis. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 112:443-51. [PMID: 27226008 PMCID: PMC5031949 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Invaginations of the cellular membrane called t-tubules are essential for maintaining efficient excitation-contraction coupling in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Disruption of t-tubule structure during heart failure has been linked to dyssynchronous, slowed Ca(2+) release and reduced power of the heartbeat. The underlying mechanism is, however, unknown. We presently investigated whether elevated ventricular wall stress triggers remodelling of t-tubule structure and function. METHODS AND RESULTS MRI and blood pressure measurements were employed to examine regional wall stress across the left ventricle of sham-operated and failing, post-infarction rat hearts. In failing hearts, elevated left ventricular diastolic pressure and ventricular dilation resulted in markedly increased wall stress, particularly in the thin-walled region proximal to the infarct. High wall stress in this proximal zone was associated with reduced expression of the dyadic anchor junctophilin-2 and disrupted cardiomyocyte t-tubular structure. Indeed, local wall stress measurements predicted t-tubule density across sham and failing hearts. Elevated wall stress and disrupted cardiomyocyte structure in the proximal zone were also associated with desynchronized Ca(2+) release in cardiomyocytes and markedly reduced local contractility in vivo. A causative role of wall stress in promoting t-tubule remodelling was established by applying stretch to papillary muscles ex vivo under culture conditions. Loads comparable to wall stress levels observed in vivo in the proximal zone reduced expression of junctophilin-2 and promoted t-tubule loss. CONCLUSION Elevated wall stress reduces junctophilin-2 expression and disrupts t-tubule integrity, Ca(2+) release, and contractile function. These findings provide new insight into the role of wall stress in promoting heart failure progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Frisk
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Ruud
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Emil K S Espe
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Åsmund T Røe
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Andreas Norseng
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole M Sejersted
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir A Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, 0424 Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Ooi JYY, Bernardo BC, Singla S, Patterson NL, Lin RCY, McMullen JR. Identification of miR-34 regulatory networks in settings of disease and antimiR-therapy: Implications for treating cardiac pathology and other diseases. RNA Biol 2016; 14:500-513. [PMID: 27124358 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1181251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the miR-34 family (miR-34a, -34b, -34c) is elevated in settings of heart disease, and inhibition with antimiR-34a/antimiR-34 has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Under chronic cardiac disease settings, targeting the entire miR-34 family is more effective than targeting miR-34a alone. The identification of transcription factor (TF)-miRNA regulatory networks has added complexity to understanding the therapeutic potential of miRNA-based therapies. Here, we sought to determine whether antimiR-34 targets secondary miRNAs via TFs which could contribute to antimiR-34-mediated protection. Using miRNA-Seq we identified differentially regulated miRNAs in hearts from mice with cardiac pathology due to transverse aortic constriction (TAC), and focused on miRNAs which were also regulated by antimiR-34. Two clusters of stress-responsive miRNAs were classified as "pathological" and "cardioprotective," respectively. Using ChIPBase we identified 45 TF binding sites on the promoters of "pathological" and "cardioprotective" miRNAs, and 5 represented direct targets of miR-34, with the capacity to regulate other miRNAs. Knockdown studies in a cardiomyoblast cell line demonstrated that expression of 2 "pathological" miRNAs (let-7e, miR-31) was regulated by one of the identified TFs. Furthermore, by qPCR we confirmed that expression of let-7e and miR-31 was lower in hearts from antimiR-34 treated TAC mice; this may explain why targeting the entire miR-34 family is more effective than targeting miR-34a alone. Finally, we showed that Acsl4 (a common target of miR-34, let-7e and miR-31) was increased in hearts from TAC antimiR-34 treated mice. In summary, antimiR-34 regulates the expression of other miRNAs and this has implications for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Y Y Ooi
- a Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory , Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Bianca C Bernardo
- a Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory , Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Saloni Singla
- a Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory , Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Natalie L Patterson
- a Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory , Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Ruby C Y Lin
- b Asbestos Diseases Research Institute , Sydney , Australia.,c School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- a Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory , Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia.,d Monash University , Clayton , Australia
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Microtubule-Mediated Misregulation of Junctophilin-2 Underlies T-Tubule Disruptions and Calcium Mishandling in mdx Mice. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2016; 1:122-130. [PMID: 27482548 PMCID: PMC4965806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myocytes from the mdx mouse, the mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, exhibit t-tubule disarray and increased calcium sparks, but a unifying molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. Recently, improper trafficking of junctophilin (JPH)-2 on an altered microtubule network caused t-tubule derangements and calcium mishandling in a pressure-overload heart failure model. Mdx cardiac myocytes have microtubule abnormalities, but how this may affect JPH-2, t-tubules, and calcium handling has not been established. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that an inverse relationship between microtubules and JPH-2 underlies t-tubule disruptions and calcium mishandling in mdx cardiac myocytes. Confocal microscopy revealed t-tubule disorganization in mdx cardiac myocytes. Quantitative Western blot analysis demonstrated JPH-2 was decreased by 75% and showed an inverse hyperbolic relationship with α- and β-tubulin, the individual components of microtubules, in mdx hearts. Colchicine-induced microtubule depolymerization normalized JPH-2 protein levels and localization, corrected t-tubule architecture, and reduced calcium sparks. In summary, these results suggest microtubule-mediated misregulation of JPH-2 causes t-tubule derangements and altered calcium handling in mdx cardiac myocytes. Decreased junctophilin-2 levels are associated with cardiac t-tubule derangements in mdx mice, the mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Reduced junctophilin-2 protein levels correlate with increases in total microtubule content in mdx hearts. Colchicine-mediated microtubule depolymerization increases junctophilin-2 protein levels and improves localization patterns which, in turn, are associated with t-tubule reorganization and reduced calcium sparks. This study identifies microtubule-mediated misregulation of junctophilin-2 as a novel molecular mechanism in Duchenne cardiomyopathy.
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Magenta A, Dellambra E, Ciarapica R, Capogrossi MC. Oxidative stress, microRNAs and cytosolic calcium homeostasis. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:207-17. [PMID: 27103406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species increase cytosolic [Ca(2+)], (Cai), and also modulate the expression of some microRNAs (miRNAs), however the link among oxidative stress, miRNAs and Cai is poorly characterized. In this review we have focused on three groups of miRNAs: (a) miRNAs that are modulated both by ROS and Cai: miR-181a and miR-205; (b) miRNAs that are modulated by ROS and have an effect on Cai: miR-1, miR-21, miR-24, miR-25, miR-185 and miR-214; (c) miRNAs that modulate both ROS and Cai: miR-133; miR-145, miR-495, and we have analyzed their effects on cell signaling and cell function. Finally, in the last section we have examined the role of these miRNAs in the skin, under conditions associated with enhanced oxidative stress, i.e. skin aging, the response to ultraviolet light and two important skin diseases, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. It is apparent that although some experimental evidence is already available on (a) the role of Cai in miRNAs expression and (b) on the ability of some miRNAs to modulate Cai-dependent intracellular signaling, these research lines are still largely unexplored and represent important areas of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Magenta
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, FLMM, Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, Rome 00167, Italy.
| | - Elena Dellambra
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, FLMM, Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, Rome 00167, Italy
| | - Roberta Ciarapica
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, FLMM, Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, Rome 00167, Italy
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, FLMM, Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, Rome 00167, Italy.
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Yang Y, Zhang S, Fan C, Yi W, Jiang S, Di S, Ma Z, Hu W, Deng C, Lv J, Li T, Nie Y, Jin Z. Protective role of silent information regulator 1 against hepatic ischemia: effects on oxidative stress injury, inflammatory response, and MAPKs. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:519-31. [PMID: 26864795 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1153067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have verified that silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase, protects against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury (IRI) in some organs. In this study, we examined whether SIRT1 could protect against hepatic IRI and explored the potential mechanisms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined whether SIRT1 could protect against hepatic IRI in vivo and in vitro using hepatic-specific SIRT1(-/-) mice, SIRT1 siRNA-transfected hepatocytes and SIRT1(+/+) hepatocytes. RESULTS The expression and activity of SIRT1 were significantly reduced during reperfusion compared with that observed in the control group. Hepatic-specific SIRT1(-/-) mice exhibited significant increase of hepatic damage markers and augment of oxidative stress and inflammatory response compared with control mice. In vitro studies demonstrated similar results. Furthermore, SIRT1 upregulation protects against hepatic IRI, through the overexpression of p-JNK, p-p38MAPK, and p-ERK. The protection of SIRT1 can be effectively reversed by the inhibitors of p38MAPK, JNK, and ERK. CONCLUSION The activation of SIRT1 significantly inhibits the oxidative stress and inflammatory response during hepatic IRI, which can be developed as a novel method to protect against hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- a Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China.,b Department of Biomedical Engineering , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Song Zhang
- c State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- d Department of Thoracic Surgery , Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Wei Yi
- a Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- e Department of Aerospace Medicine , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Shouyi Di
- c State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- c State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Wei Hu
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Chao Deng
- a Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jianjun Lv
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Tian Li
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- d Department of Thoracic Surgery , Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- a Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
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Li Q, Xie J, Wang B, Li R, Bai J, Ding L, Gu R, Wang L, Xu B. Overexpression of microRNA-99a Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148480. [PMID: 26914935 PMCID: PMC4767297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is associated with significantly increased risk of heart failure, one of the leading medical causes of mortality worldwide. MicroRNAs are known to be involved in pathological cardiac remodeling. However, whether miR-99a participates in the signaling cascade leading to cardiac hypertrophy is unknown. To evaluate the role of miR-99a in cardiac hypertrophy, we assessed the expression of miR-99a in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes induced by isoprenaline (ISO)/angiotensin-II (Ang II) and in mice model of cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Expression of miR-99a was evaluated in these hypertrophic cells and hearts. We also found that miR-99a expression was highly correlated with cardiac function of mice with heart failure (8 weeks after TAC surgery). Overexpression of miR-99a attenuated cardiac hypertrophy in TAC mice and cellular hypertrophy in stimuli treated cardiomyocytes through down-regulation of expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). These results indicate that miR-99a negatively regulates physiological hypertrophy through mTOR signaling pathway, which may provide a new therapeutic approach for pressure-overload heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Bingjian Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Clinic Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Jian Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Rong Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- * E-mail:
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Icariin displays anticancer activity against human esophageal cancer cells via regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptotic signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21145. [PMID: 26892033 PMCID: PMC4759694 DOI: 10.1038/srep21145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of icariin (ICA) in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in vitro and in vivo and explored the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) signaling in this activity. ICA treatment resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease in the viability of human EC109 and TE1 ESCCs. Additionally, ICA exhibited strong antitumor activity, as evidenced by reductions in cell migration, adhesion, and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and by increases in the EC109 and TE1 cell apoptotic index, Caspase 9 activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. Furthermore, ICA treatments upregulated the levels of ERS-related molecules (p-PERK, GRP78, ATF4, p-eIF2α, and CHOP) and a pro-apoptotic protein (PUMA) and simultaneously downregulated an anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl2) in the two ESCC cell lines. The downregulation of ERS signaling using eIF2α siRNA desensitized EC109 and TE1 cells to ICA treatment, and the upregulation of ERS signaling using thapsigargin sensitized EC109 and TE1 cells to ICA treatment. In summary, ERS activation may represent a mechanism of action for the anticancer activity of ICA in ESCCs, and the activation of ERS signaling may represent a novel therapeutic intervention for human esophageal cancer.
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Bischof C, Krishnan J. Exploiting the hypoxia sensitive non-coding genome for organ-specific physiologic reprogramming. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1782-90. [PMID: 26851074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review we highlight the role of non-coding RNAs in the development and progression of cardiac pathology and explore the possibility of disease-associated RNAs serving as targets for cardiac-directed therapeutics. Contextually, we focus on the role of stress-induced hypoxia as a driver of disease development and progression through activation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and explore mechanisms underlying HIFα function as an enforcer of cardiac pathology through direct transcriptional coupling with the non-coding transcriptome. In the interest of clarity, we will confine our analysis to cardiac pathology and focus on three defining features of the diseased state, namely metabolic, growth and functional reprogramming. It is the aim of this review to explore possible mechanisms through which HIF1α regulation of the non-coding transcriptome connects to spatiotemporal control of gene expression to drive establishment of the diseased state, and to propose strategies for the exploitation of these unique RNAs as targets for clinical therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Bischof
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons–Associated MicroRNAs and Heart Rate Variability in Coke Oven Workers. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:e24-31. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Dassanayaka
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Steven P Jones
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, KY.
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