1
|
Chen Q, Zheng J, Bian Q. Cell Fate Regulation During the Development of Infantile Hemangioma. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01873-6. [PMID: 39023471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.06.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
As the most common benign vascular tumor in infants, infantile hemangioma (IH) is characterized by rapid growth and vasculogenesis early in infancy, followed by spontaneous involution into fibrofatty tissues over time. Extensive evidence suggests that IH originates from hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), a group of stem cells with clonal expansion and multi-directional differentiation capacity. However, the intricate mechanisms governing the cell fate transition of HemSCs during IH development remain elusive. Here we comprehensively examine the cellular composition of IH, emphasizing the nuanced properties of various IH cell types and their correlation with the clinical features of the tumor. We also summarize the current understanding of the regulatory pathways directing HemSC differentiation into endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, and adipocytes throughout the stages of IH progression and involution. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in unraveling the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of EC and adipocyte development under physiological conditions, which offer crucial perspectives for understanding IH pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Chen
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qian Bian
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Das A, Smith RJ, Andreadis ST. Harnessing the potential of monocytes/macrophages to regenerate tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:839-854. [PMID: 38742656 PMCID: PMC11218695 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-free tissue-engineered vascular grafts provide a promising alternative to treat cardiovascular disease, but timely endothelialization is essential for ensuring patency and proper functioning post-implantation. Recent studies from our lab showed that blood cells like monocytes (MCs) and macrophages (Mϕ) may contribute directly to cellularization and regeneration of bioengineered arteries in small and large animal models. While MCs and Mϕ are leucocytes that are part of the innate immune response, they share common developmental origins with endothelial cells (ECs) and are known to play crucial roles during vessel formation (angiogenesis) and vessel repair after inflammation/injury. They are highly plastic cells that polarize into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes upon exposure to cytokines and differentiate into other cell types, including EC-like cells, in the presence of appropriate chemical and mechanical stimuli. This review focuses on the developmental origins of MCs and ECs; the role of MCs and Mϕ in vessel repair/regeneration during inflammation/injury; and the role of chemical signalling and mechanical forces in Mϕ inflammation that mediates vascular graft regeneration. We postulate that comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms will better inform the development of strategies to coax MCs/Mϕ into endothelializing the lumen and regenerate the smooth muscle layers of cell-free bioengineered arteries and veins that are designed to treat cardiovascular diseases and perhaps the native vasculature as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Das
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Randall J Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-1920, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-1920, USA
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 701 Ellicott St, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering (CGTE) Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 813 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deng L, Pollmeier L, Bednarz R, Cao C, Laurette P, Wirth L, Mamazhakypov A, Bode C, Hein L, Gilsbach R, Lother A. Atlas of cardiac endothelial cell enhancer elements linking the mineralocorticoid receptor to pathological gene expression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj5101. [PMID: 38446896 PMCID: PMC10917356 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cells play crucial roles in physiology and are increasingly recognized as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. Here, we analyzed the regulatory landscape of cardiac endothelial cells by assessing chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and 3D chromatin organization and confirmed the functional relevance of enhancer-promoter interactions by CRISPRi-mediated enhancer silencing. We used this dataset to explore mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in cardiovascular disease and compared six different experimental models of heart failure, hypertension, or diabetes. Enhancers that regulate gene expression in diseased endothelial cells were enriched with binding sites for a distinct set of transcription factors, including the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a known drug target in heart failure and hypertension. For proof of concept, we applied endothelial cell-specific MR deletion in mice to confirm MR-dependent gene expression and predicted direct MR target genes. Overall, we have compiled here a comprehensive atlas of cardiac endothelial cell enhancer elements that provides insight into the role of transcription factors in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Deng
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Cardiovascular Research Track, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Pollmeier
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Bednarz
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center of Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Can Cao
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center of Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Laurette
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center of Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Wirth
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Argen Mamazhakypov
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Bode
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center of Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Achim Lother
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmed TA, Eldaly B, Eldosuky S, Elkhenany H, El-Derby AM, Elshazly MF, El-Badri N. The interplay of cells, polymers, and vascularization in three-dimensional lung models and their applications in COVID-19 research and therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:114. [PMID: 37118810 PMCID: PMC10144893 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people have been affected ever since the emergence of the corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, leading to an urgent need for antiviral drug and vaccine development. Current experimentation on traditional two-dimensional culture (2D) fails to accurately mimic the in vivo microenvironment for the disease, while in vivo animal model testing does not faithfully replicate human COVID-19 infection. Human-based three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models such as spheroids, organoids, and organ-on-a-chip present a promising solution to these challenges. In this report, we review the recent 3D in vitro lung models used in COVID-19 infection and drug screening studies and highlight the most common types of natural and synthetic polymers used to generate 3D lung models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toka A Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bassant Eldaly
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt
| | - Shadwa Eldosuky
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt
| | - Hoda Elkhenany
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785, Egypt
| | - Azza M El-Derby
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt
| | - Muhamed F Elshazly
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim TM, Lee RH, Kim MS, Lewis CA, Park C. ETV2/ER71, the key factor leading the paths to vascular regeneration and angiogenic reprogramming. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:41. [PMID: 36927793 PMCID: PMC10019431 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive efforts have been made to achieve vascular regeneration accompanying tissue repair for treating vascular dysfunction-associated diseases. Recent advancements in stem cell biology and cell reprogramming have opened unforeseen opportunities to promote angiogenesis in vivo and generate autologous endothelial cells (ECs) for clinical use. We have, for the first time, identified a unique endothelial-specific transcription factor, ETV2/ER71, and revealed its essential role in regulating endothelial cell generation and function, along with vascular regeneration and tissue repair. Furthermore, we and other groups have demonstrated its ability to directly reprogram terminally differentiated non-ECs into functional ECs, proposing ETV2/ER71 as an effective therapeutic target for vascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the up-to-date status of studies on ETV2/ER71, spanning from its molecular mechanism to vasculo-angiogenic role and direct cell reprogramming toward ECs. Furthermore, we discuss future directions to deploy the clinical potential of ETV2/ER71 as a novel and potent target for vascular disorders such as cardiovascular disease, neurovascular impairment and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Min Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-daero, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 25354, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ra Ham Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Min Seong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Chloe A Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Changwon Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Das S, Gupta V, Bjorge J, Shi X, Gong W, Garry MG, Garry DJ. ETV2 and VEZF1 interaction and regulation of the hematoendothelial lineage during embryogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1109648. [PMID: 36923254 PMCID: PMC10009235 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ets variant 2 (Etv2), a member of the Ets factor family, has an essential role in the formation of endothelial and hematopoietic cell lineages during embryonic development. The functional role of ETS transcription factors is, in part, dependent on the interacting proteins. There are relatively few studies exploring the coordinated interplay between ETV2 and its interacting proteins that regulate mesodermal lineage determination. In order to identify novel ETV2 interacting partners, a yeast two-hybrid analysis was performed and the C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor VEZF1 (vascular endothelial zinc finger 1) was identified as a binding factor, which was specifically expressed within the endothelium during vascular development. To confirm this interaction, co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull down assays demonstrated the direct interaction between ETV2 and VEZF1. During embryoid body differentiation, Etv2 achieved its peak expression at day 3.0 followed by rapid downregulation, on the other hand Vezf1 expression increased through day 6 of EB differentiation. We have previously shown that ETV2 potently activated Flt1 gene transcription. Using a Flt1 promoter-luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that VEZF1 co-activated the Flt1 promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and Chromatin immunoprecipitation established VEZF1 binding to the Flt1 promoter. Vezf1 knockout embryonic stem cells had downregulation of hematoendothelial marker genes when undergoing embryoid body mediated mesodermal differentiation whereas overexpression of VEZF1 induced the expression of hematoendothelial genes during differentiation. These current studies provide insight into the co-regulation of the hemato-endothelial lineage development via a co-operative interaction between ETV2 and VEZF1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyabrata Das
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Vinayak Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Johannes Bjorge
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Xiaozhong Shi
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, JX, China
| | - Wuming Gong
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mary G. Garry
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Daniel J. Garry
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sweet DR, Padmanabhan R, Liao X, Dashora HR, Tang X, Nayak L, Jain R, De Val S, Vinayachandran V, Jain MK. Krüppel-Like Factors Orchestrate Endothelial Gene Expression Through Redundant and Non-Redundant Enhancer Networks. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e024303. [PMID: 36789992 PMCID: PMC10111506 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Proper function of endothelial cells is critical for vascular integrity and organismal survival. Studies over the past 2 decades have identified 2 members of the KLF (Krüppel-like factor) family of proteins, KLF2 and KLF4, as nodal regulators of endothelial function. Strikingly, inducible postnatal deletion of both KLF2 and KLF4 resulted in widespread vascular leak, coagulopathy, and rapid death. Importantly, while transcriptomic studies revealed profound alterations in gene expression, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain poorly understood. Here, we seek to determine mechanisms of KLF2 and KLF4 transcriptional control in multiple vascular beds to further understand their roles as critical endothelial regulators. Methods and Results We integrate chromatin occupancy and transcription studies from multiple transgenic mouse models to demonstrate that KLF2 and KLF4 have overlapping yet distinct binding patterns and transcriptional targets in heart and lung endothelium. Mechanistically, KLFs use open chromatin regions in promoters and enhancers and bind in context-specific patterns that govern transcription in microvasculature. Importantly, this occurs during homeostasis in vivo without additional exogenous stimuli. Conclusions Together, this work provides mechanistic insight behind the well-described transcriptional and functional heterogeneity seen in vascular populations, while also establishing tools into exploring microvascular endothelial dynamics in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Sweet
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH.,Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH
| | - Roshan Padmanabhan
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH
| | - Xudong Liao
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH
| | - Himanshu R Dashora
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH
| | - Xinmiao Tang
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH
| | - Lalitha Nayak
- Division of Hematology and Oncology University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Sarah De Val
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford UK
| | - Vinesh Vinayachandran
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH.,Division of Biology and Medicine Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xia S, Vila Ellis L, Winkley K, Menden H, Mabry SM, Venkatraman A, Louiselle D, Gibson M, Grundberg E, Chen J, Sampath V. Neonatal hyperoxia induces activated pulmonary cellular states and sex-dependent transcriptomic changes in a model of experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L123-L140. [PMID: 36537711 PMCID: PMC9902224 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00252.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxia disrupts lung development in mice and causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in neonates. To investigate sex-dependent molecular and cellular programming involved in hyperoxia, we surveyed the mouse lung using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and validated our findings in human neonatal lung cells in vitro. Hyperoxia-induced inflammation in alveolar type (AT) 2 cells gave rise to damage-associated transient progenitors (DATPs). It also induced a new subpopulation of AT1 cells with reduced expression of growth factors normally secreted by AT1 cells, but increased mitochondrial gene expression. Female alveolar epithelial cells had less EMT and pulmonary fibrosis signaling in hyperoxia. In the endothelium, expansion of Car4+ EC (Cap2) was seen in hyperoxia along with an emergent subpopulation of Cap2 with repressed VEGF signaling. This regenerative response was increased in females exposed to hyperoxia. Mesenchymal cells had inflammatory signatures in hyperoxia, with a new distal interstitial fibroblast subcluster characterized by repressed lipid biosynthesis and a transcriptomic signature resembling myofibroblasts. Hyperoxia-induced gene expression signatures in human neonatal fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial cells in vitro resembled mouse scRNA-seq data. These findings suggest that neonatal exposure to hyperoxia programs distinct sex-specific stem cell progenitor and cellular reparative responses that underpin lung remodeling in BPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Lisandra Vila Ellis
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Konner Winkley
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Heather Menden
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Sherry M Mabry
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Aparna Venkatraman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Daniel Louiselle
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Margaret Gibson
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim D, Grath A, Lu YW, Chung K, Winkelman M, Schwarz JJ, Dai G. Sox17 mediates adult arterial endothelial cell adaptation to hemodynamics. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121946. [PMID: 36512862 PMCID: PMC9868097 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sox17 is a critical regulator of arterial identity during early embryonic vascular development. However, its role in adult endothelial cells (ECs) are not fully understood. Sox17 is highly expressed in arterial ECs but not in venous ECs throughout embryonic development to adulthood suggesting that it may play a functional role in adult arteries. Here, we investigated Sox17 mediated phenotypical changes in adult ECs. To precisely control the temporal expression level of Sox17, we designed a tetracycline-inducible lentiviral gene expression system to express Sox17 selectively in cultured venous ECs. We confirmed that Sox17-induced ECs exhibit a gene profile favoring arterial and tip cell identity. Furthermore, in comparison to control ECs, Sox17-activated ECs under shear leads to greater expression of arterial markers and suppression of venous identity. These data suggest that Sox17 enables greater hemodynamic adaptability of ECs in response to fluid shear stress. Here, we also demonstrate key morphogenic behaviors of Sox17-mediated ECs. In both vasculogenic and angiogenic 3D fibrin gel studies, Sox17-mediated ECs prefer to form cohesive vessels with one another while interfering the vessel formation of the control ECs. Sox17-mediated ECs elicit hyper-sprouting behavior in the presence of pericytes but not fibroblasts, suggesting Sox17 mediated sprouting frequency is dependent on supporting cell type. Using a microfluidic chip, we also show that Sox17-mediated ECs maintain thinner diameter vessels that do not widen under interstitial flow like the control ECs. Taken together, these data showed that Sox17 mediated EC gene expression and phenotypical changes are highly modulated in the context of biomechanical stimuli, suggesting Sox17 plays a role in regulating the arterial ECs adaptability under arterial hemodynamics as well as tip cells behavior during angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. The results from this study may be valuable in improving vein graft adaptation to arterial hemodynamics and bioengineering microvasculature for tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Grath
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yao Wei Lu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston's Children Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Karl Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Max Winkelman
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John J Schwarz
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang N, Hua J, Fu Y, An J, Chen X, Wang C, Zheng Y, Wang F, Ji Y, Li Q. Updated perspective of EPAS1 and the role in pulmonary hypertension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1125723. [PMID: 36923253 PMCID: PMC10008962 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1125723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a group of syndromes characterized by irreversible vascular remodeling and persistent elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance and pressure, leading to ultimately right heart failure and even death. Current therapeutic strategies mainly focus on symptoms alleviation by stimulating pulmonary vessel dilation. Unfortunately, the mechanism and interventional management of vascular remodeling are still yet unrevealed. Hypoxia plays a central role in the pathogenesis of PH and numerous studies have shown the relationship between PH and hypoxia-inducible factors family. EPAS1, known as hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α), functions as a transcription factor participating in various cellular pathways. However, the detailed mechanism of EPAS1 has not been fully and systematically described. This article exhibited a comprehensive summary of EPAS1 including the molecular structure, biological function and regulatory network in PH and other relevant cardiovascular diseases, and furthermore, provided theoretical reference for the potential novel target for future PH intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated by Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hua
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated by Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Fu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun An
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated by Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuancui Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanghong Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated by Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feilong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated by Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqun Ji
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated by Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated by Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Im GB, Lin RZ. Bioengineering for vascularization: Trends and directions of photocrosslinkable gelatin methacrylate hydrogels. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1053491. [PMID: 36466323 PMCID: PMC9713639 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1053491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels have been widely used in various biomedical applications, especially in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, for their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. GelMA crosslinks to form a hydrogel when exposed to light irradiation in the presence of photoinitiators. The mechanical characteristics of GelMA hydrogels are highly tunable by changing the crosslinking conditions, including the GelMA polymer concentration, degree of methacrylation, light wavelength and intensity, and light exposure time et al. In this regard, GelMA hydrogels can be adjusted to closely resemble the native extracellular matrix (ECM) properties for the specific functions of target tissues. Therefore, this review focuses on the applications of GelMA hydrogels for bioengineering human vascular networks in vitro and in vivo. Since most tissues require vasculature to provide nutrients and oxygen to individual cells, timely vascularization is critical to the success of tissue- and cell-based therapies. Recent research has demonstrated the robust formation of human vascular networks by embedding human vascular endothelial cells and perivascular mesenchymal cells in GelMA hydrogels. Vascular cell-laden GelMA hydrogels can be microfabricated using different methodologies and integrated with microfluidic devices to generate a vasculature-on-a-chip system for disease modeling or drug screening. Bioengineered vascular networks can also serve as build-in vasculature to ensure the adequate oxygenation of thick tissue-engineered constructs. Meanwhile, several reports used GelMA hydrogels as implantable materials to deliver therapeutic cells aiming to rebuild the vasculature in ischemic wounds for repairing tissue injuries. Here, we intend to reveal present work trends and provide new insights into the development of clinically relevant applications based on vascularized GelMA hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Bum Im
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ruei-Zeng Lin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
WhichTF is functionally important in your open chromatin data? PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010378. [PMID: 36040971 PMCID: PMC9426921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present WhichTF, a computational method to identify functionally important transcription factors (TFs) from chromatin accessibility measurements. To rank TFs, WhichTF applies an ontology-guided functional approach to compute novel enrichment by integrating accessibility measurements, high-confidence pre-computed conservation-aware TF binding sites, and putative gene-regulatory models. Comparison with prior sheer abundance-based methods reveals the unique ability of WhichTF to identify context-specific TFs with functional relevance, including NF-κB family members in lymphocytes and GATA factors in cardiac cells. To distinguish the transcriptional regulatory landscape in closely related samples, we apply differential analysis and demonstrate its utility in lymphocyte, mesoderm developmental, and disease cells. We find suggestive, under-characterized TFs, such as RUNX3 in mesoderm development and GLI1 in systemic lupus erythematosus. We also find TFs known for stress response, suggesting routine experimental caveats that warrant careful consideration. WhichTF yields biological insight into known and novel molecular mechanisms of TF-mediated transcriptional regulation in diverse contexts, including human and mouse cell types, cell fate trajectories, and disease-associated cells. Transcription factors (TFs), a class of DNA binding proteins, regulate tissue- and cell-type-specific expression of genes. Identifying the critical TFs in a given cellular context leads to investigating molecular regulatory mechanisms in development, differentiation, and disease. Because there are more than 1,500 human TFs, experimental measurements of genome-wide occupancy across all TFs have been challenging. While computational approaches play pivotal roles, most existing methods rely on statistical enrichment, focusing either on sequence motif similarity recognized by TFs or the similarity of the genomic region of interest with the previously characterized TF occupancy profile. Here we propose WhichTF as an alternative, incorporating curated biomedical knowledge from ontology and integrating it with the high-confidence prediction of conserved TF binding sites in user-provided genomic regions of interest. We develop a new WhichTF score to rank TFs and demonstrate its applicability across human and mouse cell types, cellular differentiation trajectories, and disease-associated cells.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang L, Gao S, White Z, Dai Y, Malik AB, Rehman J. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of lung endothelial cells identifies dynamic inflammatory and regenerative subpopulations. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e158079. [PMID: 35511435 PMCID: PMC9220950 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated the phenotypic heterogeneity of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) within a vascular bed; however, little is known about how distinct endothelial subpopulations in a particular organ respond to an inflammatory stimulus. We performed single-cell RNA-Seq of 35,973 lung ECs obtained during baseline as well as postinjury time points after inflammatory lung injury induced by LPS. Seurat clustering and gene expression pathway analysis identified 2 major subpopulations in the lung microvascular endothelium, a subpopulation enriched for expression of immune response genes such as MHC genes (immuneEC) and another defined by increased expression of vascular development genes such as Sox17 (devEC). The presence of immuneEC and devEC subpopulations was also observed in nonhuman primate lungs infected with SARS-CoV-2 and murine lungs infected with H1N1 influenza virus. After the peak of inflammatory injury, we observed the emergence of a proliferative lung EC subpopulation. Overexpression of Sox17 prevented inflammatory activation in ECs. Thus, there appeared to be a "division of labor" within the lung microvascular endothelium in which some ECs showed propensity for inflammatory signaling and others for endothelial regeneration. These results provide underpinnings for the development of targeted therapies to limit inflammatory lung injury and promote regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shang Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zachary White
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | | | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prenatal inflammation exposure-programmed hypertension exhibits multi-generational inheritance via disrupting DNA methylome. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1419-1429. [PMID: 34593973 PMCID: PMC8482360 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-generation heredity trait of hypertension in human has been reported, but the molecular mechanisms underlying multi-generational inheritance of hypertension remain obscure. Recent evidence shows that prenatal inflammatory exposure (PIE) results in increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. In this study we investigated whether and how PIE contributed to multi-generational inheritance of hypertension in rats. PIE was induced in pregnant rats by intraperitoneal injection of LPS or Poly (I:C) either once on gestational day 10.5 (transient stimulation, T) or three times on gestational day 8.5, 10.5, and 12.5 (persistent stimulation, P). Male offspring was chosen to study the paternal inheritance. We showed that PIE, irrespectively induced by LPS or Poly (I:C) stimulation during pregnancy, resulted in multi-generational inheritance of significantly increased blood pressure in rat descendants, and that prenatal LPS exposure led to vascular remodeling and vasoconstrictor dysfunction in both thoracic aorta and superior mesenteric artery of adult F2 offspring. Furthermore, we revealed that PIE resulted in global alteration of DNA methylome in thoracic aorta of F2 offspring. Specifically, PIE led to the DNA hypomethylation of G beta gamma (Gβγ) signaling genes in both the F1 sperm and the F2 thoracic aorta, and activation of PI3K/Akt signaling was implicated in the pathologic changes and dysregulated vascular tone of aortic tissue in F2 LPS-P offspring. Our data demonstrate that PIE reprogrammed DNA methylome of cells from the germline/mature gametes contributes to the development of hypertension in F2 PIE offspring. This study broadens the current knowledge regarding the multi-generation effect of the cumulative early life environmental factors on the development of hypertension.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li RF, Wang YS, Lu FI, Huang YS, Chiu CC, Tai MH, Wu CY. Identification of Novel Vascular Genes Downstream of Islet2 and Nr2f1b Transcription Factors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061261. [PMID: 35740282 PMCID: PMC9220758 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic regulation of vascular development is not elucidated completely. We previously characterized the transcription factors Islet2 (Isl2) and Nr2f1b as being critical for vascular growth. In this study, we further performed combinatorial microarrays to identify genes that are potentially regulated by these factors. We verified the changed expression of several targets in isl2/nr2f1b morphants. Those genes expressed in vessels during embryogenesis suggested their functions in vascular development. We selectively assayed a potential target follistatin a (fsta). Follistatin is known to inhibit BMP, and BMP signaling has been shown to be important for angiogenesis. However, the fsta’s role in vascular development has not been well studied. Here, we showed the vascular defects in ISV growth and CVP patterning while overexpressing fsta in the embryo, which mimics the phenotype of isl2/nr2f1b morphants. The vascular abnormalities are likely caused by defects in migration and proliferation. We further observed the altered expression of vessel markers consistent with the vascular defects in (fli:fsta) embryos. We showed that the knockdown of fsta can rescue the vascular defects in (fli:fsta) fish, suggesting the functional specificity of fsta. Moreover, the decreased expression of fsta rescues abnormal vessel growth in isl2 and nr2f1b morphants, indicating that fsta functions downstream of isl2/nr2f1b. Lastly, we showed that Isl2/Nr2f1b control vascular development, via Fsta–BMP signaling in part. Collectively, our microarray data identify many interesting genes regulated by isl2/nr2f1b, which likely function in the vasculature. Our research provides useful information on the genetic control of vascular development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Fang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; (R.-F.L.); (Y.-S.W.); (Y.-S.H.); (C.-C.C.); (M.-H.T.)
| | - Yi-Shan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; (R.-F.L.); (Y.-S.W.); (Y.-S.H.); (C.-C.C.); (M.-H.T.)
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Fu-I Lu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; (R.-F.L.); (Y.-S.W.); (Y.-S.H.); (C.-C.C.); (M.-H.T.)
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; (R.-F.L.); (Y.-S.W.); (Y.-S.H.); (C.-C.C.); (M.-H.T.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; (R.-F.L.); (Y.-S.W.); (Y.-S.H.); (C.-C.C.); (M.-H.T.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; (R.-F.L.); (Y.-S.W.); (Y.-S.H.); (C.-C.C.); (M.-H.T.)
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-5252000 (ext. 3627)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, Yang Y, Ma H, Xie Y, Xu J, Near D, Wang H, Garbutt T, Li Y, Liu J, Qian L. Single-cell dual-omics reveals the transcriptomic and epigenomic diversity of cardiac non-myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1548-1563. [PMID: 33839759 PMCID: PMC9074971 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The precise cellular identity and molecular features of non-myocytes (non-CMs) in a mammalian heart at a single-cell level remain elusive. Depiction of epigenetic landscape with transcriptomic signatures using the latest single-cell multi-omics has the potential to unravel the molecular programs underlying the cellular diversity of cardiac non-myocytes. Here, we characterized the molecular and cellular features of cardiac non-CM populations in the adult murine heart at the single-cell level. METHODS AND RESULTS Through single-cell dual omics analysis, we mapped the epigenetic landscapes, characterized the transcriptomic profiles and delineated the molecular signatures of cardiac non-CMs in the adult murine heart. Distinct cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors for the individual major non-CM cell types (endothelial cells, fibroblast, pericytes, and immune cells) were identified. In particular, unbiased sub-clustering and functional annotation of cardiac fibroblasts (FBs) revealed extensive FB heterogeneity and identified FB sub-types with functional states related to the cellular response to stimuli, cytoskeleton organization, and immune regulation, respectively. We further explored the function of marker genes Hsd11b1 and Gfpt2 that label major FB subpopulations and determined the distribution of Hsd11b1+ and Gfp2+ FBs in murine healthy and diseased hearts. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we characterized the non-CM cellular identity at the transcriptome and epigenome levels using single-cell omics approaches and discovered previously unrecognized cardiac fibroblast subpopulations with unique functional states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yifang Xie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David Near
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haofei Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tiffany Garbutt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, 111 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang YS, Huang YS, Chiu CC, Wu TY, Zhou JQ, Liang SR, Tai MH, Wu CY. Interaction of transcription factors Islet2 and Nr2f1b to control vascular patterning during zebrafish development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 604:123-129. [PMID: 35303678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many regulators controlling arterial identity are well described; however, transcription factors that promote vein identity and vascular patterning have remained largely unknown. We previously identified the transcription factors Islet2 (Isl2) and Nr2f1b required for specification of the vein and tip cell identity mediated by notch pathway in zebrafish. However, the interaction between Isl2 and Nr2f1b is not known. In this study, we report that Nr2f2 plays minor roles on vein and intersegmental vessels (ISV) growth and dissect the genetic interactions among the three transcription factors Isl2, Nr2f1b, and Nr2f2 using a combinatorial knockdown strategy. The double knockdown of isl2/nr2f1b, isl2/nr2f2, and nr2f1b/nr2f2 showed the enhanced defects in vasculature including less completed ISV, reduced veins, and ISV cells. We further tested the genetic relationship among these three transcription factors. We found isl2 can regulate the expression of nr2f1b and nr2f2, suggesting a model where Isl2 functions upstream of Nr2f1b and Nr2f2. We hypothsized that Isl2 and Nr2f1b can function together through cis-regulatory binding motifs. In-vitro luciferase assay results, we showed that Isl2 and Nr2f1b can cooperatively enhance gene expression. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation results indicated that Isl2 and Nr2f1b interact physically. Together, we showed that the interaction of the Nr2f1b and Nr2f2 transcription factors in combination with the Islet2 play coordinated roles in the vascular development of zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yun Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Qing Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Rong Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Garcia FJ, Sun N, Lee H, Godlewski B, Mathys H, Galani K, Zhou B, Jiang X, Ng AP, Mantero J, Tsai LH, Bennett DA, Sahin M, Kellis M, Heiman M. Single-cell dissection of the human brain vasculature. Nature 2022; 603:893-899. [PMID: 35158371 PMCID: PMC9680899 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of the cerebrovasculature in maintaining normal brain physiology and in understanding neurodegeneration and drug delivery to the central nervous system1, human cerebrovascular cells remain poorly characterized owing to their sparsity and dispersion. Here we perform single-cell characterization of the human cerebrovasculature using both ex vivo fresh tissue experimental enrichment and post mortem in silico sorting of human cortical tissue samples. We capture 16,681 cerebrovascular nuclei across 11 subtypes, including endothelial cells, mural cells and three distinct subtypes of perivascular fibroblast along the vasculature. We uncover human-specific expression patterns along the arteriovenous axis and determine previously uncharacterized cell-type-specific markers. We use these human-specific signatures to study changes in 3,945 cerebrovascular cells from patients with Huntington's disease, which reveal activation of innate immune signalling in vascular and glial cell types and a concomitant reduction in the levels of proteins critical for maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity. Finally, our study provides a comprehensive molecular atlas of the human cerebrovasculature to guide future biological and therapeutic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Garcia
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Na Sun
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hyeseung Lee
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brianna Godlewski
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hansruedi Mathys
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kyriaki Galani
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Blake Zhou
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xueqiao Jiang
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ayesha P Ng
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julio Mantero
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Myriam Heiman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Characterization of Lymphatic Vasculature Using Whole-Mount Immunostaining of Mouse Embryonic Dorsal Skin. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2441:77-83. [PMID: 35099729 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2059-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the development of the lymphatic vasculature is essential to the understanding of how these vessels function in health and disease. High-resolution imaging of histological techniques such as immunostaining of sectioned tissue provides a snapshot into lymphatic vessel morphogenesis, patterning, and organization. Whole-mount staining of embryonic dermal vasculature allows for a deeper analysis and characterization of the developing lymphatic vascular network.
Collapse
|
20
|
Quan Y, Shan X, Hu M, Jin P, Ma J, Fan J, Yang J, Zhang H, Fan X, Gong Y, Li M, Wang Y. YAP inhibition promotes endothelial cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cell through EC master transcription factor FLI1. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 163:81-96. [PMID: 34666000 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide great resource for vascular disease modeling and cell-based regeneration therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms of EC differentiation are not completely understood. In this study, we checked transcriptional profile by microarray and found Hippo pathway is changed and the activity of YAP decreased during mesoderm-mediated EC differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Knockdown of YAP in hESCs promoted both mesoderm and EC differentiation indicating by mesodermal- or EC-specific marker gene expression increased both in mRNA and protein level. In contrast, overexpression of YAP inhibited mesoderm and EC differentiation. Microarray data showed that several key transcription factors of EC differentiation, such as FLI1, ERG, SOX17 are upregulated. Interestingly, knockdown YAP enhanced the expression of these master transcription factors. Bioinformation analysis revealed that TEAD, a YAP binds transcription factors, might regulate the expression of EC master TFs, including FLI1. Luciferase assay confirmed that YAP binds to TEAD1, which would inhibit FLI1 expression. Finally, FLI1 overexpression rescued the effects of YAP overexpression-mediated inhibition of EC differentiation. In conclusion, we revealed the inhibitory effects of YAP on EC differentiation from PSCs, and YAP inhibition might promote expression of master TFs FLI1 for EC commitment through interacting with TEAD1, which might provide an idea for EC differentiation and vascular regeneration via manipulating YAP signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Quan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Shan
- The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou. Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjie Hu
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peifeng Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianshe Ma
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junming Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiwen Yang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofang Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Li
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yongyu Wang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ravaud C, Ved N, Jackson DG, Vieira JM, Riley PR. Lymphatic Clearance of Immune Cells in Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102594. [PMID: 34685572 PMCID: PMC8533855 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the lymphatic system, its function, development, and role in pathophysiology have changed our views on its importance. Historically thought to be solely involved in the transport of tissue fluid, lipids, and immune cells, the lymphatic system displays great heterogeneity and plasticity and is actively involved in immune cell regulation. Interference in any of these processes can be deleterious, both at the developmental and adult level. Preclinical studies into the cardiac lymphatic system have shown that invoking lymphangiogenesis and enhancing immune cell trafficking in ischaemic hearts can reduce myocardial oedema, reduce inflammation, and improve cardiac outcome. Understanding how immune cells and the lymphatic endothelium interact is also vital to understanding how the lymphatic vascular network can be manipulated to improve immune cell clearance. In this Review, we examine the different types of immune cells involved in fibrotic repair following myocardial infarction. We also discuss the development and function of the cardiac lymphatic vasculature and how some immune cells interact with the lymphatic endothelium in the heart. Finally, we establish how promoting lymphangiogenesis is now a prime therapeutic target for reducing immune cell persistence, inflammation, and oedema to restore heart function in ischaemic heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Ravaud
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Nikita Ved
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
| | - David G. Jackson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK;
| | - Joaquim Miguel Vieira
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Paul R. Riley
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li B, Chen K, Liu F, Zhang J, Chen X, Chen T, Chen Q, Yao Y, Hu W, Wang L, Wu Y. Developmental Angiogenesis Requires the Mitochondrial Phenylalanyl-tRNA Synthetase. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:724846. [PMID: 34540921 PMCID: PMC8440837 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.724846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mtARSs) catalyze the binding of specific amino acids to their cognate tRNAs and play an essential role in the synthesis of proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Defects in mtARSs have been linked to human diseases, but their tissue-specific pathophysiology remains elusive. Here we examined the role of mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (FARS2) in developmental angiogenesis and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Methods: Morpholinos were injected into fertilized zebrafish ova to establish an in vivo fars2 knock-down model. A visualization of the vasculature was achieved by using Tg (fli1: EGFP)y1 transgenic zebrafish. In addition, small interference RNAs (siRNAs) were transferred into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to establish an in vitro FARS2 knock-down model. Cell motility, proliferation, and tubulogenesis were determined using scratch-wound CCK8, transwell-based migration, and tube formation assays. In addition, mitochondria- and non-mitochondria-related respiration were evaluated using a Seahorse XF24 analyzer and flow cytometry assays. Analyses of the expression levels of transcripts and proteins were performed using qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results: The knock-down of fars2 hampered the embryonic development in zebrafish and delayed the formation of the vasculature in Tg (fli1: EGFP)y1 transgenic zebrafish. In addition, the siRNA-mediated knock-down of FARS2 impaired angiogenesis in HUVECs as indicated by decreased cell motility and tube formation capacity. The knock-down of FARS2 also produced variable decreases in mitochondrial- and non-mitochondrial respiration in HUVECs and disrupted the regulatory pathways of angiogenesis in both HUVECs and zebrafish. Conclusion: Our current work offers novel insights into angiogenesis defects and cardiovascular diseases induced by FARS2 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Neurosciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xihui Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tangdong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Weihong Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
In Silico Analysis to Explore Lineage-Independent and -Dependent Transcriptional Programs Associated with the Process of Endothelial and Neural Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184161. [PMID: 34575270 PMCID: PMC8471316 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a major interest in understanding how the endothelial cell phenotype is established, the underlying molecular basis of this process is not yet fully understood. We have previously reported the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and differentiation of the resulting HiPS back to endothelial cells (Ec-Diff), as well as neural (Nn-Diff) cell lineage that contained both neurons and astrocytes. Furthermore, the identities of these cell lineages were established by gene array analysis. Here, we explored the same arrays to gain insight into the gene alteration processes that accompany the establishment of endothelial vs. non-endothelial neural cell phenotypes. We compared the expression of genes that code for transcription factors and epigenetic regulators when HiPS is differentiated into these endothelial and non-endothelial lineages. Our in silico analyses have identified cohorts of genes that are similarly up- or downregulated in both lineages, as well as those that exhibit lineage-specific alterations. Based on these results, we propose that genes that are similarly altered in both lineages participate in priming the stem cell for differentiation in a lineage-independent manner, whereas those that are differentially altered in endothelial compared to neural cells participate in a lineage-specific differentiation process. Specific GATA family members and their cofactors and epigenetic regulators (DNMT3B, PRDM14, HELLS) with a major role in regulating DNA methylation were among participants in priming HiPS for lineage-independent differentiation. In addition, we identified distinct cohorts of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators whose alterations correlated specifically with the establishment of endothelial vs. non-endothelial neural lineages.
Collapse
|
24
|
Jiang K, Pichol-Thievend C, Neufeld Z, Francois M. Assessment of heterogeneity in collective endothelial cell behavior with multicolor clonal cell tracking to predict arteriovenous remodeling. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109395. [PMID: 34289351 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteries and veins form in a stepwise process that combines vasculogenesis and sprouting angiogenesis. Despite extensive data on the mechanisms governing blood vessel assembly at the single-cell level, little is known about how collective cell migration contributes to the organization of the balanced distribution between arteries and veins. Here, we use an endothelial-specific zebrafish reporter, arteriobow, to label small cohorts of arterial cells and trace their progeny from early vasculogenesis throughout arteriovenous remodeling. We reveal that the genesis of arteries and veins relies on the coordination of 10 types of collective cell dynamics. Within these behavioral categories, we identify a heterogeneity of collective cell motion specific to either arterial or venous remodeling. Using pharmacological blockade, we further show that cell-intrinsic Notch signaling and cell-extrinsic blood flow act as regulators in maintaining the heterogeneity of collective endothelial cell behavior, which, in turn, instructs the future territory of arteriovenous remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Jiang
- The David Richmond Laboratory for Cardiovascular Development, Gene Regulation and Editing, the Centenary Institute, Camperdown, 2006 NSW, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Cathy Pichol-Thievend
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072 QLD, Australia; Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Institute Curie Research Center, Paris Saclay University, PSL Research University, Inserm U1021, CNRS, UMR3347 Orsay, France
| | - Zoltan Neufeld
- School of Mathematics and Physics, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Mathias Francois
- The David Richmond Laboratory for Cardiovascular Development, Gene Regulation and Editing, the Centenary Institute, Camperdown, 2006 NSW, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Doronzo G, Astanina E, Bussolino F. The Oncogene Transcription Factor EB Regulates Vascular Functions. Front Physiol 2021; 12:640061. [PMID: 33912071 PMCID: PMC8072379 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.640061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) represents an emerging player in vascular biology. It belongs to the bHLH-leucine zipper transcription factor microphthalmia family, which includes microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, transcription factor E3 and transcription factor EC, and is known to be deregulated in cancer. The canonical transcriptional pathway orchestrated by TFEB adapts cells to stress in all kinds of tissues by supporting lysosomal and autophagosome biogenesis. However, emerging findings highlight that TFEB activates other genetic programs involved in cell proliferation, metabolism, inflammation and immunity. Here, we first summarize the general principles and mechanisms by which TFEB activates its transcriptional program. Then, we analyze the current knowledge of TFEB in the vascular system, placing particular emphasis on its regulatory role in angiogenesis and on the involvement of the vascular unit in inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Laboratory of Vascular Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Laboratory of Vascular Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Laboratory of Vascular Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zalewski DP, Ruszel KP, Stępniewski A, Gałkowski D, Bogucki J, Kołodziej P, Szymańska J, Płachno BJ, Zubilewicz T, Feldo M, Kocki J, Bogucka-Kocka A. Identification of Transcriptomic Differences between Lower Extremities Arterial Disease, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Chronic Venous Disease in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Specimens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3200. [PMID: 33801150 PMCID: PMC8004090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several human tissues are investigated in studies of molecular biomarkers associated with diseases development. Special attention is focused on the blood and its components due to combining abundant information about systemic responses to pathological processes as well as high accessibility. In the current study, transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used to compare differentially expressed genes between patients with lower extremities arterial disease (LEAD), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and chronic venous disease (CVD). Gene expression patterns were generated using the Ion S5XL next-generation sequencing platform and were analyzed using DESeq2 and UVE-PLS methods implemented in R programming software. In direct pairwise analysis, 21, 58 and 10 differentially expressed genes were selected from the comparison of LEAD vs. AAA, LEAD vs. CVD and AAA vs. CVD patient groups, respectively. Relationships between expression of dysregulated genes and age, body mass index, creatinine levels, hypertension and medication were identified using Spearman rank correlation test and two-sided Mann-Whitney U test. The functional analysis, performed using DAVID website tool, provides potential implications of selected genes in pathological processes underlying diseases studied. Presented research provides new insight into differences of pathogenesis in LEAD, AAA and CVD, and selected genes could be considered as potential candidates for biomarkers useful in diagnosis and differentiation of studied diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Zalewski
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karol P. Ruszel
- Chair of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (K.P.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Andrzej Stępniewski
- Ecotech Complex Analytical and Programme Centre for Advanced Environmentally Friendly Technologies, University of Marie Curie-Skłodowska, 39 Głęboka St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Gałkowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, One Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, USA;
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Kołodziej
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Parasitology, Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Szymańska
- Department of Integrated Paediatric Dentistry, Chair of Integrated Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 6 Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Zubilewicz
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (T.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (T.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Chair of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (K.P.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Begeman IJ, Shin K, Osorio-Méndez D, Kurth A, Lee N, Chamberlain TJ, Pelegri FJ, Kang J. Decoding an organ regeneration switch by dissecting cardiac regeneration enhancers. Development 2020; 147:226055. [PMID: 33246928 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart regeneration in regeneration-competent organisms can be accomplished through the remodeling of gene expression in response to cardiac injury. This dynamic transcriptional response relies on the activities of tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs); however, the mechanisms underlying TREEs are poorly understood. We dissected a cardiac regeneration enhancer in zebrafish to elucidate the mechanisms governing spatiotemporal gene expression during heart regeneration. Cardiac lepb regeneration enhancer (cLEN) exhibits dynamic, regeneration-dependent activity in the heart. We found that multiple injury-activated regulatory elements are distributed throughout the enhancer region. This analysis also revealed that cardiac regeneration enhancers are not only activated by injury, but surprisingly, they are also actively repressed in the absence of injury. Our data identified a short (22 bp) DNA element containing a key repressive element. Comparative analysis across Danio species indicated that the repressive element is conserved in closely related species. The repression mechanism is not operational during embryogenesis and emerges when the heart begins to mature. Incorporating both activation and repression components into the mechanism of tissue regeneration constitutes a new paradigm that might be extrapolated to other regeneration scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Begeman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kwangdeok Shin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Daniel Osorio-Méndez
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andrew Kurth
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nutishia Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Francisco J Pelegri
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,UW Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hypoxia as a Driving Force of Pluripotent Stem Cell Reprogramming and Differentiation to Endothelial Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121614. [PMID: 33260307 PMCID: PMC7759989 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate supply of oxygen (O2) is a hallmark of many diseases, in particular those related to the cardiovascular system. On the other hand, tissue hypoxia is an important factor regulating (normal) embryogenesis and differentiation of stem cells at the early stages of embryonic development. In culture, hypoxic conditions may facilitate the derivation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which may serve as a valuable tool for disease modeling. Endothelial cells (ECs), multifunctional components of vascular structures, may be obtained from iPSCs and subsequently used in various (hypoxia-related) disease models to investigate vascular dysfunctions. Although iPSC-ECs demonstrated functionality in vitro and in vivo, ongoing studies are conducted to increase the efficiency of differentiation and to establish the most productive protocols for the application of patient-derived cells in clinics. In this review, we highlight recent discoveries on the role of hypoxia in the derivation of ESCs and the generation of iPSCs. We also summarize the existing protocols of hypoxia-driven differentiation of iPSCs toward ECs and discuss their possible applications in disease modeling and treatment of hypoxia-related disorders.
Collapse
|
29
|
Eakin AJ, Mc Erlain T, Burke A, Eaton A, Tipping N, Allocca G, Branco CM. Circulating Levels of Epirubicin Cause Endothelial Senescence While Compromising Metabolic Activity and Vascular Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:799. [PMID: 32974345 PMCID: PMC7466755 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracycline-based chemotherapy is a common treatment for cancer patients. Because it is delivered intravenously, endothelial cells are exposed first and to the highest concentrations, prior to diffusion to target cells. Not surprisingly, vascular dysfunction is a consequence of anthracycline therapy. While chemotherapy-induced endothelial damage at administration sites has been investigated, the effects of lower doses encountered by distant microvascular networks has not. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of epirubicin, a widely used anthracycline, on healthy endothelial cells to elucidate its effects on microvascular physiology. Here, endothelial cells were briefly exposed to low doses of epirubicin to recapitulate levels in circulation following dilution in the blood and compound half-life in circulation. Both immediate and prolonged responses to treatment were assessed to determine changes in endothelial function. Epirubicin caused a decrease in proliferation and viability in hUVEC, with lower doses resulting in a senescent phenotype in a large proportion of cells, accompanied by a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and a significant decrease in metabolic activity. Epirubicin exposure also impaired endothelial function with delayed wound closure, reduced angiogenic potential and increased monolayer permeability downstream of VE-cadherin internalization. Primary lung endothelial cells obtained from epirubicin-treated mice similarly demonstrated reduced viability and functional impairment. In vivo, epirubicin treatment resulted in persistent reduction in lung vascular density and significantly increased infiltration of myeloid cells. Modulation of endothelial status and inflammatory tissue microenvironment observed in response to low doses of epirubicin may predict risk for long-term secondary pathologies associated with chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Eakin
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara Mc Erlain
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Aileen Burke
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Eaton
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nuala Tipping
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gloria Allocca
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina M Branco
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ibrahim M, Xie B, Richardson MK. The growth of endothelial-like cells in zebrafish embryoid body culture. Exp Cell Res 2020; 392:112032. [PMID: 32353375 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the possibility of culturing organ-like tissues (organoids) in vitro for biomedical applications. The ability to culture organoids would be greatly enhanced by having a functional circulation in vitro. The endothelial cell is the most important cell type in this context. Endothelial cells can be derived from pluripotent embryonic blastocyst cells in aggregates called embryoid bodies. Here, we examine the yield of endothelial-like cells in embryoid bodies (EBs) developed from transgenic zebrafish fli:GFP and kdrl:GFP blastocyst embryos. The isolated blastocyst cells developed into EBs within the first 24 h of culture and contained fli:GFP+ (putative endothelial, hematopoietic and other cell types); or kdrl:GFP+ (endothelial) cells. The addition of endothelial growth supplements to the media and culture on collagen type-I substratum increased the percentages of fli:GFP+ and kdrl:GFP+ cells in culture. We found that EBs developed in hanging-drop cultures possessed a higher percentage of fli:GFP+ (45.0 ± 3.1%) and kdrl:GFP+ cells (8.7 ± 0.7%) than those developed on conventional substrata (34.5 ± 1.4% or 5.2 ± 0.4%, respectively). The transcriptome analysis showed a higher expression of VEGF and TGFβ genes in EB cultures compared to the adherent cultures. When transferred to conventional culture, the percentage of fli:GFP+ or kdrl:GFP+ cells declined significantly over subsequent days in the EBs. The fli:GFP+ cells formed a monolayer around the embryoid bodies, while the kdrl:GFP+ cells formed vascular network-like structures in the embryoid bodies. Differences were observed in the spreading of fli:GFP+ cells, and network formation of kdrl:GFP+ cells on different substrates. The fli:GFP+ cells could be maintained in primary culture and sub-cultures. By contrast, kdrl:GFP+ cells were almost completely absent at 8d of primary culture. Our culture model allows real-time observation of fli:GFP+ and kdrl:GFP+ cells in culture. The results obtained from this study will be important for the development of vascular and endothelial cell culture using embryonic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrahim
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Animal Biotechnology Division, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Bing Xie
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Baruah J, Chaudhuri S, Mastej V, Axen C, Hitzman R, Ribeiro IMB, Wary KK. Low-Level Nanog Expression in the Regulation of Quiescent Endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2244-2264. [PMID: 32640900 PMCID: PMC7447188 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Nanog is expressed in adult endothelial cells (ECs) at a low-level, however, its functional significance is not known. The goal of our study was to elucidate the role of Nanog in adult ECs using a genetically engineered mouse model system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jugajyoti Baruah
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.B.).,Angiogenesis and Brain Development Laboratory, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA (J.B.)
| | - Suhnrita Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago (V.M., S.C., C.A., R.H., I.M.B.R., K.K.W.)
| | - Victoria Mastej
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago (V.M., S.C., C.A., R.H., I.M.B.R., K.K.W.)
| | - Cassondra Axen
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago (V.M., S.C., C.A., R.H., I.M.B.R., K.K.W.)
| | - Ryan Hitzman
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago (V.M., S.C., C.A., R.H., I.M.B.R., K.K.W.)
| | - Isabella M B Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago (V.M., S.C., C.A., R.H., I.M.B.R., K.K.W.)
| | - Kishore K Wary
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago (V.M., S.C., C.A., R.H., I.M.B.R., K.K.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
FoxC1-Induced Vascular Niche Improves Survival and Myocardial Repair of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Infarcted Hearts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7865395. [PMID: 32963702 PMCID: PMC7490631 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7865395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims Forkhead box C1 (FoxC1) is essential for maintaining the hair follicle stem cell niche. The role of FoxC1 in maintaining mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) niches after myocardial infarction (MI) has not been directly determined to date. In this study, we determined to explore the possible roles and mechanisms of FoxC1 on MSC survival and function in the ischemic niche. Methods and Results MI model was established in this study, and expression level of FoxC1 was overexpressed or knocked down through efficient delivery of FoxC1 transfection or siFoxC1. Fifteen days later, the animals were allocated randomly to receive phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injection or MSC transplantation. We identified FoxC1 as a key regulator of maintaining the vascular niche in the infarcted hearts (IHs) by driving proangiogenic and anti-inflammatory cytokines while repressing inflammatory and fibrotic factor expression. This vascular niche improved MSC survival and capacity in the IHs. Importantly, FoxC1 interacted with MSCs and was required for vessel specification and differentiation of engrafted MSCs in the ischemic niches, promoting myocardial repair. Inhibiting FoxC1 abolished these effects. Conclusion These results definitively implicate FoxC1 signaling in maintaining ischemic vascular niche, which may be helpful in myocardial repair induced by MSC therapy.
Collapse
|
33
|
Endothelial-specific YY1 governs sprouting angiogenesis through directly interacting with RBPJ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4792-4801. [PMID: 32075915 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916198117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is tightly regulated by gene transcriptional programs. Yin Ying 1 (YY1) is a ubiquitously distributed transcription factor with diverse and complex biological functions; however, little is known about the cell-type-specific role of YY1 in vascular development and angiogenesis. Here we report that endothelial cell (EC)-specific YY1 deletion in mice led to embryonic lethality as a result of abnormal angiogenesis and vascular defects. Tamoxifen-inducible EC-specific YY1 knockout (YY1 iΔEC ) mice exhibited a scarcity of retinal sprouting angiogenesis with fewer endothelial tip cells. YY1 iΔEC mice also displayed severe impairment of retinal vessel maturation. In an ex vivo mouse aortic ring assay and a human EC culture system, YY1 depletion impaired endothelial sprouting and migration. Mechanistically, YY1 functions as a repressor protein of Notch signaling that controls EC tip-stalk fate determination. YY1 deficiency enhanced Notch-dependent gene expression and reduced tip cell formation. Specifically, YY1 bound to the N-terminal domain of RBPJ (recombination signal binding protein for Ig Kappa J region) and competed with the Notch coactivator MAML1 (mastermind-like protein 1) for binding to RBPJ, thereby impairing the NICD (intracellular domain of the Notch protein)/MAML1/RBPJ complex formation. Our study reveals an essential role of endothelial YY1 in controlling sprouting angiogenesis through directly interacting with RBPJ and forming a YY1-RBPJ nuclear repression complex.
Collapse
|
34
|
Gene expression in immortalized versus primary isolated cardiac endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2241. [PMID: 32042042 PMCID: PMC7010830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells take pivotal roles in the heart and the vascular system and their differentiation, subspecification and function is determined by gene expression. A stable, in vitro cardiac endothelial cell line could provide high cell numbers as needed for many epigenetic analyses and facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in endothelial cell biology. To test their suitability for transcriptomic or epigenetic studies, we compared the transcriptome of cultured immortalized mouse cardiac endothelial cells (MCEC) to primary cardiac endothelial cells (pEC). Whole transcriptome comparison of MCEC and pEC showed a correlation of 0.75–0.77. Interestingly, correlation of gene expression declined in endothelial cell-typical genes. In MCEC, we found a broad downregulation of genes that are highly expressed in pEC, including well-described markers of endothelial cell differentiation. Accordingly, systematic analysis revealed a downregulation of genes associated with typical endothelial cell functions in MCEC, while genes related to mitotic cell cycle were upregulated when compared to pEC. In conclusion, the findings from this study suggest that primary cardiac endothelial cells should preferably be used for genome-wide transcriptome or epigenome studies. The suitability of in vitro cell lines for experiments investigating single genes or signaling pathways should be carefully validated before use.
Collapse
|
35
|
Yu T, Zhang F, Wu Y, Chen J, Dai L, Li F, Liu X, Liu C, Zhao J. Detailed process analysis for glomerular capillary formation by immunofluorescence on ultra-thick sections. Gene Expr Patterns 2020; 35:119096. [PMID: 32027977 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2020.119096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glomerular capillary formation is one of the fundamental mysteries in renal developmental biology. However, there are still debates on this issue, and its detailed formation process has not been clarified. To resolve this problem, we performed antibody staining with ultra-thick section on embryonic and postnatal mouse kidneys. We obtained the expression patterns of several genes that play an important role in the development of glomerular capillaries. We found that blood vessel of the fetal kidneys expanded through proliferation and sprouting. During the comma-stage and S-shaped stage, 3-4 capillaries began to bud and migrate into the glomerular cleft, forming a capillary bed in the Bowman's capsule. Then, the capillary bed expanded into mature glomerular capillary by intussusceptive angiogenesis. The afferent and efferent arterioles were formed through pruning. The distribution of VEGFA in the nephron epithelial cells but not only in podocytes, induced multiple capillaries sprouted into the glomerular cleft. And CXCR4 played an important role in the differentiation and expansion of capillary bed into glomerular capillary. Immunofluorescence performed with ultra-thick section allowed us to investigate the development of complex structure tissues systematically and comprehensively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jianli Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Furong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Skip is essential for Notch signaling to induce Sox2 in cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Cell Signal 2020; 68:109537. [PMID: 31927035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling and Sry-box (Sox) family transcriptional factors both play critical roles in endothelial cell (EC) differentiation in vascularization. Recent studies have shown that excessive Notch signaling induces Sox2 to cause cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Here, we examine human pulmonary AVMs and find no induction of Sox2. Results of epigenetic studies also show less alteration of Sox2-DNA binding in pulmonary AVMs than in cerebral AVMs. We identify high expression of ski-interacting protein (Skip) in brain ECs, a Notch-associated chromatin-modifying protein that is lacking in lung ECs. Knockdown of Skip abolished Notch-induction of Sox2 in brain ECs, while restoration of Skip in lung ECs enabled Notch-mediated Sox2 induction. The results suggest that Skip is a key factor for induction of Sox2 in cerebral AVMs.
Collapse
|
37
|
Baruah J, Wary KK. Exosomes in the Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Cell Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:353. [PMID: 31998716 PMCID: PMC6962177 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have been described as nanoscale membranous extracellular vesicles that emerge from a variety of cells and tissues and are enriched with biologically active genomic and non-genomic biomolecules capable of transducing cell to cell communication. Exosome release, and exosome mediated signaling and cross-talks have been reported in several pathophysiological states. Therefore, exosomes have the potential to become suitable for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of specific diseases, including endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and regeneration. The role of EC-derived exosomes in the mechanisms of cardiovascular tissue regenerative processes represents currently an area of intense research activity. Recent studies have described the potential of exosomes to influence the pathophysiology of immune signaling, tumor metastasis, and angiogenesis. In this review, we briefly discuss progress made in our understanding of the composition and the roles of exosomes in relation to EC regeneration as well as revascularization of ischemic tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jugajyoti Baruah
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Angiogenesis and Brain Development Laboratory, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Kishore K Wary
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yang G, Mahadik B, Choi JY, Fisher JP. Vascularization in tissue engineering: fundamentals and state-of-art. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2. [PMID: 34308105 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/ab5637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is among the top challenges that impede the clinical application of engineered tissues. This challenge has spurred tremendous research endeavor, defined as vascular tissue engineering (VTE) in this article, to establish a pre-existing vascular network inside the tissue engineered graft prior to implantation. Ideally, the engineered vasculature can be integrated into the host vasculature via anastomosis to supply nutrient to all cells instantaneously after surgery. Moreover, sufficient vascularization is of great significance in regenerative medicine from many other perspectives. Due to the critical role of vascularization in successful tissue engineering, we aim to provide an up-to-date overview of the fundamentals and VTE strategies in this article, including angiogenic cells, biomaterial/bio-scaffold design and bio-fabrication approaches, along with the reported utility of vascularized tissue complex in regenerative medicine. We will also share our opinion on the future perspective of this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America.,Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Bhushan Mahadik
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America.,Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Ji Young Choi
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - John P Fisher
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America.,Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shi L, Zhao M, Abbey CA, Tsai SH, Xie W, Pham D, Chapman S, Bayless KJ, Hein TW, Rosa RH, Ko ML, Kuo L, Ko GYP. Newly Identified Peptide, Peptide Lv, Promotes Pathological Angiogenesis. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013673. [PMID: 31698979 PMCID: PMC6915261 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background We recently discovered a small endogenous peptide, peptide Lv, with the ability to activate vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and its downstream signaling. As vascular endothelial growth factor through vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 contributes to normal development, vasodilation, angiogenesis, and pathogenesis of various diseases, we investigated the role of peptide Lv in vasodilation and developmental and pathological angiogenesis in this study. Methods and Results The endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and 3-dimensional sprouting assays were used to test the abilities of peptide Lv in angiogenesis in vitro. The chick chorioallantoic membranes and early postnatal mice were used to examine its impact on developmental angiogenesis. The oxygen-induced retinopathy and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization mouse models were used for in vivo pathological angiogenesis. The isolated porcine retinal and coronary arterioles were used for vasodilation assays. Peptide Lv elicited angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Peptide Lv and vascular endothelial growth factor acted synergistically in promoting endothelial cell proliferation. Peptide Lv-elicited vasodilation was not completely dependent on nitric oxide, indicating that peptide Lv had vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2/nitric oxide-independent targets. An antibody against peptide Lv, anti-Lv, dampened vascular endothelial growth factor-elicited endothelial proliferation and laser-induced vascular leakage and choroidal neovascularization. While the pathological angiogenesis in mouse eyes with oxygen-induced retinopathy was enhanced by exogenous peptide Lv, anti-Lv dampened this process. Furthermore, deletion of peptide Lv in mice significantly decreased pathological neovascularization compared with their wild-type littermates. Conclusions These results demonstrate that peptide Lv plays a significant role in pathological angiogenesis but may be less critical during development. Peptide Lv is involved in pathological angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-dependent and -independent pathways. As anti-Lv dampened the pathological angiogenesis in the eye, anti-Lv may have a therapeutic potential to treat pathological angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Shi
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Medical Physiology Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program College of Medicine Texas A&M University Health Science Center Bryan TX
| | - Colette A Abbey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine College of Medicine Texas A&M University Health Science Center Bryan TX
| | - Shu-Huai Tsai
- Department of Medical Physiology Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program College of Medicine Texas A&M University Health Science Center Bryan TX
| | - Wankun Xie
- Department of Medical Physiology Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program College of Medicine Texas A&M University Health Science Center Bryan TX
| | - Dylan Pham
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX
| | - Samantha Chapman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine College of Medicine Texas A&M University Health Science Center Bryan TX
| | - Travis W Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program College of Medicine Texas A&M University Health Science Center Bryan TX
| | - Robert H Rosa
- Department of Medical Physiology Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program College of Medicine Texas A&M University Health Science Center Bryan TX.,Department of Ophthalmology Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute Temple TX
| | - Michael L Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX.,Department of Biology Blinn College Bryan TX
| | - Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology Ophthalmic Vascular Research Program College of Medicine Texas A&M University Health Science Center Bryan TX
| | - Gladys Y-P Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX.,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience Texas A&M University College Station TX
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bye CR, Penna V, de Luzy IR, Gantner CW, Hunt CPJ, Thompson LH, Parish CL. Transcriptional Profiling of Xenogeneic Transplants: Examining Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Grafts in the Rodent Brain. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:877-890. [PMID: 31680060 PMCID: PMC6895727 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells are a valuable resource for transplantation, yet our ability to profile xenografts is largely limited to low-throughput immunohistochemical analysis by difficulties in readily isolating grafts for transcriptomic and/or proteomic profiling. Here, we present a simple methodology utilizing differences in the RNA sequence between species to discriminate xenograft from host gene expression (using qPCR or RNA sequencing [RNA-seq]). To demonstrate the approach, we assessed grafts of undifferentiated human stem cells and neural progenitors in the rodent brain. Xenograft-specific qPCR provided sensitive detection of proliferative cells, and identified germ layer markers and appropriate neural maturation genes across the graft types. Xenograft-specific RNA-seq enabled profiling of the complete transcriptome and an unbiased characterization of graft composition. Such xenograft-specific profiling will be crucial for pre-clinical characterization of grafts and batch-testing of therapeutic cell preparations to ensure safety and functional predictability prior to translation. Interspecies sequence variation allows separation of xenograft and host transcripts Species-specific primers enable profiling of targeted xenograft genes with qPCR Xenograft-specific RNA-seq enables genome-wide transcriptional profiling of grafts Xenogeneic-specific profiling provides unbiased characterization of graft composition
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Bye
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Vanessa Penna
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabelle R de Luzy
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Carlos W Gantner
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cameron P J Hunt
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lachlan H Thompson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare L Parish
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
A novel hiPSC-derived system for hematoendothelial and myeloid blood toxicity screens identifies compounds promoting and inhibiting endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104622. [PMID: 31404653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The exposure to toxic environmental and pharmaceutical substances can pose a long-term risk to human's health. In this study, we sought to investigate the potential of our recently developed method for induction of myeloid hematoendothelial and blood cells by overexpression of two transcription factors, GATA2 and ETV2, in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for toxicity screening. For the primary screen in a high-throughput format, we selected twenty-two chemicals with various degrees of cytotoxicity available from the NIEHS National Toxicology Program (Tox21). The compounds were applied during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition and to differentiated myeloid progenitors growing in suspension. The system was capable of identifying compounds with both inhibitory and favorable effects on hematopoietic network, changes in expression of hematopoietic markers, and mitochondrial and cytotoxicity. The findings were confirmed and further investigated by secondary screens, colony forming cell assay, and gene expression profiling. The hematoendothelial toxicity of 5-fluorouracil, berberine chloride, and benzo(a)pyrene is characterized by the inhibition of cell division and a shift of hematopoietic programming to non-hemogenic endothelial and mesenchymal fates. This study demonstrates the feasibility of transcription factor (TF)-based differentiation systems to monitor endothelial and hematotoxicity and serves as an informative platform for screening myelosuppressive or stimulatory drugs and mechanistic studies of their action.
Collapse
|
42
|
Targeted sequencing of linkage region in Dominican families implicates PRIMA1 and the SPATA7-PTPN21-ZC3H14-EML5-TTC8 locus in carotid-intima media thickness and atherosclerotic events. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11621. [PMID: 31406157 PMCID: PMC6691113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a subclinical marker for atherosclerosis. Previously, we reported a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for total cIMT on chromosome 14q and identified PRiMA1, FOXN3 and CCDC88C as candidate genes using a common variants (CVs)-based approach. Herein, we further evaluated the genetic contribution of the QTL to cIMT by resequencing. We sequenced all exons within the QTL and genomic regions of PRiMA1, FOXN3 and CCDC88C in Dominican families with evidence for linkage to the QTL. Unrelated Dominicans from the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) were used for validation. Single-variant-based and gene-based analyses were performed for CVs and rare variants (RVs). The strongest evidence for association with CVs was found in PRiMA1 (p = 8.2 × 10−5 in families, p = 0.01 in NOMAS at rs12587586), and in the five-gene cluster SPATA7-PTPN21-ZC3H14-EML5-TTC8 locus (p = 1.3 × 10−4 in families, p = 0.01 in NOMAS at rs2274736). No evidence for association with RVs was found in PRiMA1. The top marker from previous study in PRiMA1 (rs7152362) was associated with fewer atherosclerotic events (OR = 0.67; p = 0.02 in NOMAS) and smaller cIMT (β = −0.58, p = 2.8 × 10−4 in Family). Within the five-gene cluster, evidence for association was found for exonic RVs (p = 0.02 in families, p = 0.28 in NOMAS), which was enriched among RVs with higher functional potentials (p = 0.05 in NOMAS for RVs in the top functional tertile). In summary, targeted resequencing provided validation and novel insights into the genetic architecture of cIMT, suggesting stronger effects for RVs with higher functional potentials. Furthermore, our data support the clinical relevance of CVs associated with subclinical atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee DH, Kim TM, Kim JK, Park C. ETV2/ER71 Transcription Factor as a Therapeutic Vehicle for Cardiovascular Disease. Theranostics 2019; 9:5694-5705. [PMID: 31534512 PMCID: PMC6735401 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have long been the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States as well as worldwide. Despite numerous efforts over the past few decades, the number of the patients with cardiovascular disease still remains high, thereby necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies equipped with a better understanding of the biology of the cardiovascular system. Recently, the ETS transcription factor, ETV2 (also known as ER71), has been recognized as a master regulator of the development of the cardiovascular system and plays an important role in pathophysiological angiogenesis and the endothelial cell reprogramming. Here, we discuss the detailed mechanisms underlying ETV2/ER71-regulated cardiovascular lineage development. In addition, recent reports on the novel functions of ETV2/ER71 in neovascularization and direct cell reprogramming are discussed with a focus on its therapeutic potential for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
44
|
Yao J, Wu X, Zhang D, Wang L, Zhang L, Reynolds EX, Hernandez C, Boström KI, Yao Y. Elevated endothelial Sox2 causes lumen disruption and cerebral arteriovenous malformations. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3121-3133. [PMID: 31232700 DOI: 10.1172/jci125965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumen integrity in vascularization requires fully differentiated endothelial cells (ECs). Here, we report that endothelial-mesenchymal transitions (EndMTs) emerged in ECs of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVMs) and caused disruption of the lumen or lumen disorder. We show that excessive Sry-box 2 (Sox2) signaling was responsible for the EndMTs in cerebral AVMs. EC-specific suppression of Sox2 normalized endothelial differentiation and lumen formation and improved the cerebral AVMs. Epigenetic studies showed that induction of Sox2 altered the cerebral-endothelial transcriptional landscape and identified jumonji domain-containing protein 5 (JMJD5) as a direct target of Sox2. Sox2 interacted with JMJD5 to induce EndMTs in cerebral ECs. Furthermore, we utilized a high-throughput system to identify the β-adrenergic antagonist pronethalol as an inhibitor of Sox2 expression. Treatment with pronethalol stabilized endothelial differentiation and lumen formation, which limited the cerebral AVMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daoqin Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lumin Wang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric X Reynolds
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carlos Hernandez
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,The Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Egorova AA, Shtykalova SV, Maretina MA, Sokolov DI, Selkov SA, Baranov VS, Kiselev AV. Synergistic Anti-Angiogenic Effects Using Peptide-Based Combinatorial Delivery of siRNAs Targeting VEGFA, VEGFR1, and Endoglin Genes. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E261. [PMID: 31174285 PMCID: PMC6631635 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process of new blood vessel formation, which plays a significant role in carcinogenesis and the development of diseases associated with pathological neovascularization. An important role in the regulation of angiogenesis belongs to several key pathways such as VEGF-pathways, TGF-β-pathways, and some others. Introduction of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against genes of pro-angogenic factors is a promising strategy for the therapeutic suppression of angiogenesis. These siRNA molecules need to be specifically delivered into endothelial cells, and non-viral carriers modified with cellular receptor ligands can be proposed as perspective delivery systems for anti-angiogenic therapy purposes. Here we used modular peptide carrier L1, containing a ligand for the CXCR4 receptor, for the delivery of siRNAs targeting expression of VEGFA, VEGFR1 and endoglin genes. Transfection properties of siRNA/L1 polyplexes were studied in CXCR4-positive breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and endothelial cells EA.Hy926. We have demonstrated the efficient down-regulation of endothelial cells migration and proliferation by anti-VEGFA, anti-VEGFR1, and anti-endoglin siRNA-induced silencing. It was found that the efficiency of anti-angiogenic treatment can be synergistically improved via the combinatorial delivery of anti-VEGFA and anti-VEGFR1 siRNAs. Thus, this approach can be useful for the development of therapeutic angiogenesis inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Egorova
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Sofia V Shtykalova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Marianna A Maretina
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Dmitry I Sokolov
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Sergei A Selkov
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Vladislav S Baranov
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Anton V Kiselev
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sox17 is required for endothelial regeneration following inflammation-induced vascular injury. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2126. [PMID: 31073164 PMCID: PMC6509327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of the endothelial cell barrier after inflammatory injury is essential for tissue fluid homeostasis and normalizing leukocyte transmigration. However, the mechanisms of endothelial regeneration remain poorly understood. Here we show that the endothelial and hematopoietic developmental transcription factor Sox17 promotes endothelial regeneration in the endotoxemia model of endothelial injury. Genetic lineage tracing studies demonstrate that the native endothelium itself serves as the primary source of endothelial cells repopulating the vessel wall following injury. We identify Sox17 as a key regulator of endothelial cell regeneration using endothelial-specific deletion and overexpression of Sox17. Endotoxemia upregulates Hypoxia inducible factor 1α, which in turn transcriptionally activates Sox17 expression. We observe that Sox17 increases endothelial cell proliferation via upregulation of Cyclin E1. Furthermore, endothelial-specific upregulation of Sox17 in vivo enhances lung endothelial regeneration. We conclude that endotoxemia adaptively activates Sox17 expression to mediate Cyclin E1-dependent endothelial cell regeneration and restore vascular homeostasis.
Collapse
|
47
|
Likhite N, Yadav V, Milliman EJ, Sopariwala DH, Lorca S, Narayana NP, Sheth M, Reineke EL, Giguère V, Narkar V. Loss of Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha Facilitates Angiogenesis in Endothelial Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:e00411-18. [PMID: 30602497 PMCID: PMC6379583 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00411-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) have emerged as major metabolic regulators in various tissues. However, their expression and function in the vasculature remains unknown. Here, we report the transcriptional program and cellular function of ERRα in endothelial cells (ECs), a cell type with a multifaceted role in vasculature. Of the three ERR subtypes, ECs exclusively express ERRα. Gene expression profiling of ECs lacking ERRα revealed that ERRα predominantly acts as a transcriptional repressor, targeting genes linked with angiogenesis, cell migration, and cell adhesion. ERRα-deficient ECs exhibit decreased proliferation but increased migration and tube formation. ERRα depletion increased basal as well as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)- and ANG1/2-stimulated angiogenic sprouting in endothelial spheroids. Moreover, retinal angiogenesis is enhanced in ERRα knockout mice compared to that in wild-type mice. Surprisingly, ERRα is dispensable for the regulation of its classic targets, such as metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and cellular respiration in the ECs. ERRα is enriched at the promoters of angiogenic, migratory, and cell adhesion genes. Further, VEGFA increased ERRα recruitment to angiogenesis-associated genes and simultaneously decreased their expression. Despite increasing its gene occupancy, proangiogenic stimuli decrease ERRα expression in ECs. Our work shows that endothelial ERRα plays a repressive role in angiogenesis and potentially fine-tunes growth factor-mediated angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neah Likhite
- Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Danesh H Sopariwala
- Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sabina Lorca
- Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nithya P Narayana
- Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Megha Sheth
- Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Erin L Reineke
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vincent Giguère
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vihang Narkar
- Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
- Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Whitsett JA, Kalin TV, Xu Y, Kalinichenko VV. Building and Regenerating the Lung Cell by Cell. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:513-554. [PMID: 30427276 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique architecture of the mammalian lung is required for adaptation to air breathing at birth and thereafter. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling its morphogenesis provides the framework for understanding the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung diseases. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing data and high-resolution imaging identify the remarkable heterogeneity of pulmonary cell types and provides cell selective gene expression underlying lung development. We will address fundamental issues related to the diversity of pulmonary cells, to the formation and function of the mammalian lung, and will review recent advances regarding the cellular and molecular pathways involved in lung organogenesis. What cells form the lung in the early embryo? How are cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation regulated during lung morphogenesis? How do cells interact during lung formation and repair? How do signaling and transcriptional programs determine cell-cell interactions necessary for lung morphogenesis and function?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yan Xu
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Doronzo G, Astanina E, Corà D, Chiabotto G, Comunanza V, Noghero A, Neri F, Puliafito A, Primo L, Spampanato C, Settembre C, Ballabio A, Camussi G, Oliviero S, Bussolino F. TFEB controls vascular development by regulating the proliferation of endothelial cells. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201798250. [PMID: 30591554 PMCID: PMC6356157 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor TFEB is thought to control cellular functions—including in the vascular bed—primarily via regulation of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic flux. Here, we report that TFEB also orchestrates a non‐canonical program that controls the cell cycle/VEGFR2 pathway in the developing vasculature. In endothelial cells, TFEB depletion halts proliferation at the G1‐S transition by inhibiting the CDK4/Rb pathway. TFEB‐deficient cells attempt to compensate for this limitation by increasing VEGFR2 levels at the plasma membrane via microRNA‐mediated mechanisms and controlled membrane trafficking. TFEB stimulates expression of the miR‐15a/16‐1 cluster, which limits VEGFR2 transcript stability and negatively modulates expression of MYO1C, a regulator of VEGFR2 trafficking to the cell surface. Altered levels of miR‐15a/16‐1 and MYO1C in TFEB‐depleted cells cause increased expression of plasma membrane VEGFR2, but in a manner associated with low signaling strength. An endothelium‐specific Tfeb‐knockout mouse model displays defects in fetal and newborn mouse vasculature caused by reduced endothelial proliferation and by anomalous function of the VEGFR2 pathway. These previously unrecognized functions of TFEB expand its role beyond regulation of the autophagic pathway in the vascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy .,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Davide Corà
- Department of Translational Medicine, Piemonte Orientale University, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiabotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Comunanza
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Alessio Noghero
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Alberto Puliafito
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Luca Primo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Carmine Spampanato
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy .,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu Y, Li C, Wu H, Xie X, Sun Y, Dai M. Paeonol Attenuated Inflammatory Response of Endothelial Cells via Stimulating Monocytes-Derived Exosomal MicroRNA-223. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1105. [PMID: 30515094 PMCID: PMC6256086 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Paeonol, an active compound isolated from the radix of Cortex Moutan, has been shown to have anti-atherosclerosis effects by regulating blood cells' function and protecting vascular cells injury. Besides, emerging evidences has proven that exosomes might play a pivotal role in intercellular communication by transmiting proteins and microRNAs from cell to cell. However, the relationship between monocytes-derived exosomal microRNA-223 and vascular inflammation injury along with paeonol' effects are still not clear. Objective: Our study aimed to explain whether paeonol's protective effect on inflammatory response is related to the regulation of exosomal microRNA-223 in the VECs. Methods: ApoE-/- mice were fed with high fat diet to replicate the AS model. HE staining and immunohistochemistry was used to detect inflammatory response of aorta. The expression of IL-1β and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. Western blot was used to detect the expression of STAT3, pSTAT3, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. qRT-PCR was used to detect miR-223 expression. Exosomes were extracted from THP-1 cells by differential centrifugation and observed by transmission electron microscope. Observation of exosomes uptake into HUVECs was realized by laser microscopy. miR-223 target gene was detected by double luciferase gene report test. Results: In vivo experiments confirmed that paeonol restricted atherosclerosis development and increased miR-223 expression, inhibited STAT3 pathway in ApoE-/- mice. In vitro, miR-223 showed robust presence in THP-1 cells and undetectable in HUVECs. And we had observed that miR-223 could be internalized from THP-1 cells into HUVECs taking exosomes as a carrier. Paeonol obviously increased miR-223 expression in co-cultured HUVECs and exosomes in concentration dependent manner, compared to LPS group. In addition, paeonol relieved inflammatory secretion, adhesion and STAT3 expression in HUVECs, which could be inverted after miR-223 inhibitor transfection into THP-1 cells. Conclusion: Paeonol could increase the expression of miR-223 in THP-1 derived exosomes and in HUVECs after uptake of exosomes, whereas decrease the expression of STAT3, p-STAT3 in HUVECs. Ultimately paeonol decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 in HUVECs and alleviated adhesion of THP-1 cells to HUVECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xianmei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Min Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|