1
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Rakhe N, Bhatt LK. Valosin-containing protein: A potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102511. [PMID: 39313037 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP), also known as p97, plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including protein degradation, endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, and cell cycle regulation. While extensive research has been focused on VCP's involvement in protein homeostasis and its implications in neurodegenerative diseases, emerging evidence suggests a potential link between VCP and cardiovascular health. VCP is a key regulator of mitochondrial function, and its overexpression or mutations lead to pathogenic diseases and cellular stress responses. The present review explores VCP's roles in numerous cardiovascular disorders including myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. The review dwells on the roles of VCP in modifying mitochondrial activity, promoting S-nitrosylation, regulating mTOR signalling and demonstrating cardioprotective effects. Further research into VCP might lead to novel interventions for cardiovascular disease, particularly those involving ischemia/reperfusion injury and hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nameerah Rakhe
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
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2
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Yang F, Ma H, Boye SL, Boye SE, Ding XQ. Promotion of endoplasmic reticulum retrotranslocation by overexpression of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase synoviolin 1 reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and preserves cone photoreceptors in cyclic nucleotide-gated channel deficiency. FASEB J 2024; 38:e70021. [PMID: 39215566 PMCID: PMC11419579 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400198r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cone photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels play an essential role in phototransduction and cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Mutations in genes encoding the channel subunits CNGA3 and CNGB3 are associated with achromatopsia, progressive cone dystrophy, and early-onset macular degeneration. Cone loss in patients with achromatopsia and cone dystrophy associated with CNG channel mutations has been documented by optical coherence tomography and in mouse models of CNG channel deficiency. Cone death in CNG channel-deficient retinas involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated apoptosis, dysregulation of cellular/ER Ca2+ homeostasis, impaired protein folding/processing, and impaired ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase synoviolin 1 (SYVN1) is the primary component of the SYVN1/SEL1L ER retrotranslocon responsible for ERAD. Previous studies have shown that manipulations that protect cones and reduce ER stress/cone death in CNG channel deficiency, such as increasing ER Ca2+ preservation or treatment with an ER chaperone, increase the expression of SYVN1 and other components of the ER retrotranslocon. The present work investigated the effects of SYVN1 overexpression. Intraocular injection of AAV5-IRBP/GNAT2-Syvn1 resulted in overexpression of SYVN1 in cones of CNG channel-deficient mice. Following treatment, cone density in Cnga3-/- mice was significantly increased, compared with untreated controls, outer segment localization of cone opsin was improved, and ER stress/apoptotic cell death was reduced. Overexpression of SYVN1 also led to increased expression levels of the retrotranslocon components, degradation in ER protein 1 (DERL1), ERAD E3 ligase adaptor subunit (SEL1L), and homocysteine inducible ER protein with ubiquitin-like domain 1 (HERPUD1). Moreover, overexpression of SYVN1 likely enhanced protein ubiquitination/proteasome degradation in CNG channel-deficient retinas. This study demonstrates the role of SYVN1/ERAD in cone preservation in CNG channel deficiency and supports the strategy of promoting ERAD for cone protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Sanford L. Boye
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Shannon E. Boye
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Xi-Qin Ding
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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3
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Liu Y, Xu C, Gu R, Han R, Li Z, Xu X. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e701. [PMID: 39188936 PMCID: PMC11345536 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle in eukaryotic cells, responsible for a wide range of vital functions, including the modification, folding, and trafficking of proteins, as well as the biosynthesis of lipids and the maintenance of intracellular calcium homeostasis. A variety of factors can disrupt the function of the ER, leading to the aggregation of unfolded and misfolded proteins within its confines and the induction of ER stress. A conserved cascade of signaling events known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) has evolved to relieve the burden within the ER and restore ER homeostasis. However, these processes can culminate in cell death while ER stress is sustained over an extended period and at elevated levels. This review summarizes the potential role of ER stress and the UPR in determining cell fate and function in various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, fibrotic diseases, viral infections, and cancer. It also puts forward that the manipulation of this intricate signaling pathway may represent a novel target for drug discovery and innovative therapeutic strategies in the context of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Department of Aviation Clinical Medicine, Air Force Medical CenterPLABeijingChina
| | - Chunling Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Renjun Gu
- School of Chinese MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyJinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ruiqin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ziyu Li
- School of Acupuncture and TuinaSchool of Regimen and RehabilitationNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Xianrong Xu
- Department of Aviation Clinical Medicine, Air Force Medical CenterPLABeijingChina
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4
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Xia J, Xu M, Hu H, Zhang Q, Yu D, Cai M, Geng X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Guo M, Lu D, Xu H, Li L, Zhang X, Wang Q, Liu S, Zhang W. 5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone triggers cancer cell PD-L1 ubiquitin-proteasome degradation and facilitates antitumor immunity by targeting HRD1. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e611. [PMID: 38938284 PMCID: PMC11208742 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting the programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway has been identified as a successful approach for tumor immunotherapy. Here, we identified that the small molecule 5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (TF) from Kaempferia parviflora Wall reduces PD-L1 expression in colorectal cancer cells and enhances the killing of tumor cells by T cells. Mechanistically, TF targets and stabilizes the ubiquitin ligase HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (HRD1), thereby increasing the ubiquitination of PD-L1 and promoting its degradation through the proteasome pathway. In mouse MC38 xenograft tumors, TF can activate tumor-infiltrating T-cell immunity and reduce the immunosuppressive infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells, thus exerting antitumor effects. Moreover, TF synergistically exerts antitumor immunity with CTLA-4 antibody. This study provides new insights into the antitumor mechanism of TF and suggests that it may be a promising small molecule immune checkpoint modulator for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xia
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mengting Xu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Dianping Yu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Minchen Cai
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangxin Geng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Dong Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hanchi Xu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Linyang Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xing Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qun Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Sanhong Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of PhytochemistrySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosafetyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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5
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Ling Y, Ramalingam M, Lv X, Niu D, Zeng Y, Qiu Y, Si Y, Guo T, Ni Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Kim HW, Hu J. Human neural stem cell secretome relieves endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and improves neuronal functions after traumatic brain injury in a rat model. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:329-348. [PMID: 38609527 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Neural stem cell secretome (NSC-S) plays an important role in neuroprotection and recovery. Studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) is involved in the progression of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is a crucial cause of secondary damage and neuronal death after brain injury. Whether NSC-S is engaged in ER stress and ER stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis post-TBI has not been investigated. In the study, the Feeney SD male rat model was established. The results showed that NSC-S treatment significantly improved the behavior of rats with TBI. In addition, NSC-S relieved ER stress in TBI rats and was observed by transmission electron microscopy and western blot. The specific mechanism was further elucidated that restoration was achieved by alleviating the PERK-eIF2α pathway and thus protecting neurons from apoptosis. Notably, the discovery of calumenin (CALU) in NSC-S by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS/MS) may be related to the protective effect of NSC-S on ER stress in neurons. Also, the mechanism by which it functions may be related to ubiquitination. In summary, NSC-S improved prognosis and ER stress in TBI rats and might be a promising treatment for relieving TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Ling
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xiaorui Lv
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongdong Niu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Qiu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Si
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinying Ni
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Health Clinical Laboratories, Health BioMed Co., Ltd. Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315042, China
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jiabo Hu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Thibault E, Brandizzi F. Post-translational modifications: emerging directors of cell-fate decisions during endoplasmic reticulum stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:831-848. [PMID: 38600022 PMCID: PMC11088923 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is critical for growth, development, and stress responses. Perturbations causing an imbalance in ER proteostasis lead to a potentially lethal condition known as ER stress. In ER stress situations, cell-fate decisions either activate pro-life pathways that reestablish homeostasis or initiate pro-death pathways to prevent further damage to the organism. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning cell-fate decisions in ER stress is critical for crop development and has the potential to enable translation of conserved components to ER stress-related diseases in metazoans. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are emerging as key players in cell-fate decisions in situations of imbalanced ER proteostasis. In this review, we address PTMs orchestrating cell-fate decisions in ER stress in plants and provide evidence-based perspectives for where future studies may focus to identify additional PTMs involved in ER stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Thibault
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
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7
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Hofmann C, Aghajani M, Alcock CD, Blackwood EA, Sandmann C, Herzog N, Groß J, Plate L, Wiseman RL, Kaufman RJ, Katus HA, Jakobi T, Völkers M, Glembotski CC, Doroudgar S. ATF6 protects against protein misfolding during cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 189:12-24. [PMID: 38401179 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) transcription factor ATF6 during pressure overload-induced hypertrophic growth. The UPR is thought to increase ER protein folding capacity and maintain proteostasis. ATF6 deficiency during pressure overload leads to heart failure, suggesting that ATF6 protects against myocardial dysfunction by preventing protein misfolding. However, conclusive evidence that ATF6 prevents toxic protein misfolding during cardiac hypertrophy is still pending. Here, we found that activation of the UPR, including ATF6, is a common response to pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mice. ATF6 KO mice failed to induce sufficient levels of UPR target genes in response to chronic isoproterenol infusion or transverse aortic constriction (TAC), resulting in impaired cardiac growth. To investigate the effects of ATF6 on protein folding, the accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins as well as soluble amyloid oligomers were directly quantified in hypertrophied hearts of WT and ATF6 KO mice. Whereas only low levels of protein misfolding was observed in WT hearts after TAC, ATF6 KO mice accumulated increased quantities of misfolded protein, which was associated with impaired myocardial function. Collectively, the data suggest that ATF6 plays a critical adaptive role during cardiac hypertrophy by protecting against protein misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hofmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany; SDSU Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marjan Aghajani
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, USA
| | - Cecily D Alcock
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, USA
| | - Erik A Blackwood
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, USA
| | - Clara Sandmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Herzog
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Groß
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Plate
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Jakobi
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and the Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, USA
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher C Glembotski
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, USA
| | - Shirin Doroudgar
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and the Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, USA.
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8
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Gao X, Zhao T, Hao R, Zhang Z, Huang GB. Social defeat stress induces liver injury by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in C57BL/6J mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7137. [PMID: 38531904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Social defeat stress is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation and apoptosis. ER stress is thought to contribute to many lifestyle diseases such as liver injury, cardiovascular dysfunction and depression. We investigated the expression of the ER stress markers RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), as well as inflammatory and apoptotic factors, to assess how social defeat stress induces liver injury. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of the ER stress inhibitor phenylbutyric acid (PBA) and ER stress inducer thapsigargin (TG) on liver injury. Adult mice were divided into the control, social defeat, social defeat + PBA, TG, PBA and TG + PBA groups. The social defeat and social defeat + PBA groups were simultaneously exposed to social defeat stress for 10 days. The social defeat + PBA, TG, PBA and TG + PBA groups were treated with PBA or TG via intraperitoneal injections. PBA was injected 1 h before the TG injection into the TG + PBA group. Liver samples from six groups of mice were analyzed by histological analysis and western blotting. Social defeat stress promoted ER stress, increased the expression of inflammatory factors and induced apoptosis in the liver of socially defeated mice, which was reversed by PBA. Moreover, ER stress induces TG-induced liver injury by initiating ER stress. Social defeat stress initiates ER stress, promotes the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic factors, and induces liver injury. PBA suppresses liver injury caused by social defeat stress and TG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLei Gao
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, QuZhou Third Municipal Hospital, QuZhou, China
| | - Ran Hao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - ZhaoHui Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guang-Biao Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, No. 2088, Tiaoxi East Road, Huzhou, 313000, China.
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9
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Cao H, Zhou X, Xu B, Hu H, Guo J, Ma Y, Wang M, Li N, Jun Z. Advances in the study of protein folding and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in mammal cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:212-232. [PMID: 38453636 PMCID: PMC10918413 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is a key site for protein production and quality control. More than one-third of proteins are synthesized and folded into the correct three-dimensional conformation in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, during protein folding, unfolded and/or misfolded proteins are prone to occur, which may lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Organisms can monitor the quality of the proteins produced by endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), which maintain endoplasmic reticulum protein homeostasis by degrading abnormally folded proteins. The underlying mechanisms of protein folding and ERAD in mammals have not yet been fully explored. Therefore, this paper reviews the process and function of protein folding and ERAD in mammalian cells, in order to help clinicians better understand the mechanism of ERAD and to provide a scientific reference for the treatment of diseases caused by abnormal ERAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cao
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuchang Zhou
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Han Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuwei Ma
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zou Jun
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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10
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Kandel R, Jung J, Neal S. Proteotoxic stress and the ubiquitin proteasome system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:107-120. [PMID: 37734998 PMCID: PMC10807858 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system maintains protein homeostasis by regulating the breakdown of misfolded proteins, thereby preventing misfolded protein aggregates. The efficient elimination is vital for preventing damage to the cell by misfolded proteins, known as proteotoxic stress. Proteotoxic stress can lead to the collapse of protein homeostasis and can alter the function of the ubiquitin proteasome system. Conversely, impairment of the ubiquitin proteasome system can also cause proteotoxic stress and disrupt protein homeostasis. This review examines two impacts of proteotoxic stress, 1) disruptions to ubiquitin homeostasis (ubiquitin stress) and 2) disruptions to proteasome homeostasis (proteasome stress). Here, we provide a mechanistic description of the relationship between proteotoxic stress and the ubiquitin proteasome system. This relationship is illustrated by findings from several protein misfolding diseases, mainly neurodegenerative diseases, as well as from basic biology discoveries from yeast to mammals. In addition, we explore the importance of the ubiquitin proteasome system in endoplasmic reticulum quality control, and how proteotoxic stress at this organelle is alleviated. Finally, we highlight how cells utilize the ubiquitin proteasome system to adapt to proteotoxic stress and how the ubiquitin proteasome system can be genetically and pharmacologically manipulated to maintain protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kandel
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Jasmine Jung
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Sonya Neal
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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11
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Wang L, Wang M, Niu H, Zhi Y, Li S, He X, Ren Z, Wen S, Wu L, Wen S, Zhang R, Wen Z, Yang J, Zhang X, Chen Y, Qian X, Shi G. Cholesterol-induced HRD1 reduction accelerates vascular smooth muscle cell senescence via stimulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced reactive oxygen species. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 187:51-64. [PMID: 38171043 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a key contributor to plaque vulnerability in atherosclerosis (AS), which is affected by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the crosstalk between ER stress and ROS production in the pathogenesis of VSMC senescence remains to be elucidated. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is a complex process that clears unfolded or misfolded proteins to maintain ER homeostasis. HRD1 is the major E3 ligase in mammalian ERAD machineries that catalyzes ubiquitin conjugation to the unfolded or misfolded proteins for degradation. Our results showed that HRD1 protein levels were reduced in human AS plaques and aortic roots from ApoE-/- mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD), along with the increased ER stress response. Exposure to cholesterol in VSMCs activated inflammatory signaling and induced senescence, while reduced HRD1 protein expression. CRISPR Cas9-mediated HRD1 knockout (KO) exacerbated cholesterol- and thapsigargin-induced cell senescence. Inhibiting ER stress with 4-PBA (4-Phenylbutyric acid) partially reversed the ROS production and cell senescence induced by HRD1 deficiency in VSMCs, suggesting that ER stress alone could be sufficient to induce ROS production and senescence in VSMCs. Besides, HRD1 deficiency led to mitochondrial dysfunction, and reducing ROS production from impaired mitochondria partly reversed HRD1 deficiency-induced cell senescence. Finally, we showed that the overexpression of HDR1 reversed cholesterol-induced ER stress, ROS production, and cellular senescence in VSMCs. Our findings indicate that HRD1 protects against senescence by maintaining ER homeostasis and mitochondrial functionality. Thus, targeting HRD1 function may help to mitigate VSMC senescence and prevent vascular aging related diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION: A real-world study based on the discussion of primary and secondary prevention strategies for coronary heart disease, URL:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov, the trial registration number is [2022]-02-121-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haiming Niu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yaping Zhi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xuemin He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhitao Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shiyi Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Siying Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zheyao Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Eighth affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ximei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guojun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Wang L, Ren Z, Wu L, Zhang X, Wang M, Niu H, He X, Wang H, Chen Y, Shi G, Qian X. HRD1 reduction promotes cholesterol-induced vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic change via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04902-0. [PMID: 38145449 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is the main contributor of vascular pathological remodeling in atherosclerosis. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is critical for maintaining VSMC function through elimination of misfolded proteins that impair VSMC cellular function. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is an ER-mediated process that controls protein quality by clearing misfolded proteins. One of the critical regulators of ERAD is HRD1, which also plays a vital role in lipid metabolism. However, the function of HRD1 in VSMCs of atherosclerotic vessels remains poorly understood. The level of HRD1 expression was analyzed in aortic tissues of mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). The H&E and EVG (VERHOEFF'S VAN GIESON) staining were used to demonstrate pathological vascular changes. IF (immunofluorescence) and WB (western blot) were used to explore the signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro. The wound closure and transwell assays were also used to test the migration rate of VSMCs. CRISPR gene editing and transcriptomic analysis were applied in vitro to explore the cellular mechanism. Our data showed significant reduction of HRD1 in aortic tissues of mice under HFD feeding. VSMC phenotypic change and HRD1 downregulation were detected by cholesterol supplement. Transcriptomic and further analysis of HRD1-KO VSMCs showed that HRD1 deficiency induced the expression of genes related to ER stress response, proliferation and migration, but reduced the contractile-related genes in VSMCs. HRD1 deficiency also exacerbated the proliferation, migration and ROS production of VSMCs induced by cholesterol, which promoted the VSMC dedifferentiation. Our results showed that HRD1 played an essential role in the contractile homeostasis of VSMCs by negatively regulating ER stress response. Thus, HRD1 in VSMCs could serve as a potential therapeutic target in metabolic disorder-induced vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhitao Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ximei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Haiming Niu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Xuemin He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Heting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guojun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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13
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Xia B, Li Q, Zheng K, Wu J, Huang C, Liu K, You Q, Yuan X. Down-regulation of Hrd1 protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating PPARα to prevent oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cellular apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 954:175864. [PMID: 37392829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1) is a key enzyme for ER-associated degradation of misfolded proteins. Its role in ischemic heart disease has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated its effect on oxidative status and cell survival in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). We found that virus-induced down-regulation of Hrd1 expression limited infarct size, decreased creatinine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and preserved cardiac function in mice subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation and reperfusion. Silencing of the Hrd1 gene also prevented the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced (i) increase in dihydroethidium (DHE) intensity, mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO), (ii) decrease in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione (GSH), (iii) disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and (iv) increase in the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in ischemic heart tissue. In addition, down-regulation of Hrd1 expression prevented the abnormally increased caspase-3/caspase-9/Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression in ischemic heart tissue of I/R mice. Further analysis showed that the I/R stimulus reduced peroxisome proliferation activated receptor α (PPARα) expression in ischemic heart tissue, which was partially prevented by down-regulation of Hrd1. Pharmacological inhibition of PPARα was able to abolish the preventive effect of down-regulation of Hrd1 on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cellular apoptosis in ischemic heart tissue. These data suggest that down-regulation of Hrd1 protects the heart from I/R-induced damage by suppressing oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis likely through PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Xia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Koulong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingsheng You
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaomei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Cheng X, Wang K, Zhao Y, Wang K. Research progress on post-translational modification of proteins and cardiovascular diseases. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:275. [PMID: 37507372 PMCID: PMC10382489 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis, myocardial remodeling, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, heart failure, and oxidative stress are among the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Cardiovascular pathogenesis has been studied for decades, and the influence of epigenetic changes on CVDs has been extensively studied. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, glycosylation, methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, ubiquitin-like and nitrification, play important roles in the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. Over the past decade, with the application of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), an increasing number novel acylation modifications have been discovered, including propionylation, crotonylation, butyrylation, succinylation, lactylation, and isonicotinylation. Each change in protein conformation has the potential to alter protein function and lead to CVDs, and this process is usually reversible. This article summarizes the mechanisms underlying several common PTMs involved in the occurrence and development of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- XueLi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, Shandong, China.
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15
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Luo H, Jiao Q, Shen C, Shao C, Xie J, Chen Y, Feng X, Zhang X. Unraveling the roles of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in metabolic disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1123769. [PMID: 37455916 PMCID: PMC10339828 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1123769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolded proteins retained in the endoplasmic reticulum cause many human diseases. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is one of the protein quality and quantity control system located at ER, which is responsible for translocating the misfolded proteins or properly folded but excess proteins out of the ER for proteasomal degradation. Recent studies have revealed that mice with ERAD deficiency in specific cell types exhibit impaired metabolism homeostasis and metabolic diseases. Here, we highlight the ERAD physiological functions in metabolic disorders in a substrate-dependent and cell type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- *Correspondence: Hui Luo, ; Xingwei Zhang,
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16
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Varma E, Burghaus J, Schwarzl T, Sekaran T, Gupta P, Górska AA, Hofmann C, Stroh C, Jürgensen L, Kamuf-Schenk V, Li X, Medert R, Leuschner F, Kmietczyk V, Freichel M, Katus HA, Hentze MW, Frey N, Völkers M. Translational control of Ybx1 expression regulates cardiac function in response to pressure overload in vivo. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:25. [PMID: 37378715 PMCID: PMC10307726 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
RNA-protein interactions are central to cardiac function, but how activity of individual RNA-binding protein is regulated through signaling cascades in cardiomyocytes during heart failure development is largely unknown. The mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase is a central signaling hub that controls mRNA translation in cardiomyocytes; however, a direct link between mTOR signaling and RNA-binding proteins in the heart has not been established. Integrative transcriptome and translatome analysis revealed mTOR dependent translational upregulation of the RNA binding protein Ybx1 during early pathological remodeling independent of mRNA levels. Ybx1 is necessary for pathological cardiomyocyte growth by regulating protein synthesis. To identify the molecular mechanisms how Ybx1 regulates cellular growth and protein synthesis, we identified mRNAs bound to Ybx1. We discovered that eucaryotic elongation factor 2 (Eef2) mRNA is bound to Ybx1, and its translation is upregulated during cardiac hypertrophy dependent on Ybx1 expression. Eef2 itself is sufficient to drive pathological growth by increasing global protein translation. Finally, Ybx1 depletion in vivo preserved heart function during pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, activation of mTORC1 links pathological signaling cascades to altered gene expression regulation by activation of Ybx1 which in turn promotes translation through increased expression of Eef2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshita Varma
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Burghaus
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarzl
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thileepan Sekaran
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Parul Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka A Górska
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hofmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Stroh
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lonny Jürgensen
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Kamuf-Schenk
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Medert
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vivien Kmietczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Hentze
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Martinez-Amaro FJ, Garcia-Padilla C, Franco D, Daimi H. LncRNAs and CircRNAs in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: A Promising Target for Cardiovascular Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9888. [PMID: 37373035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a principal subcellular organelle responsible for protein quality control in the secretory pathway, preventing protein misfolding and aggregation. Failure of protein quality control in the ER triggers several molecular mechanisms such as ER-associated degradation (ERAD), the unfolded protein response (UPR) or reticulophagy, which are activated upon ER stress (ERS) to re-establish protein homeostasis by transcriptionally and translationally regulated complex signalling pathways. However, maintenance over time of ERS leads to apoptosis if such stress cannot be alleviated. The presence of abnormal protein aggregates results in loss of cardiomyocyte protein homeostasis, which in turn results in several cardiovascular diseases such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or myocardial infarction (MI). The influence of a non-coding genome in the maintenance of proper cardiomyocyte homeostasis has been widely proven. To date, the impact of microRNAs in molecular mechanisms orchestrating ER stress response has been widely described. However, the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) is just beginning to be addressed given the potential role of these RNA classes as therapeutic molecules. Here, we provide a current state-of-the-art review of the roles of distinct lncRNAs and circRNAs in the modulation of ERS and UPR and their impact in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Garcia-Padilla
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
- Medina Foundation, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Houria Daimi
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gabes, Gabes 6072, Tunisia
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18
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Zeng C, Guo J, Wu J, Che T, Huang X, Liu H, Lin Z. HRD1 Promotes Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Metastasis by Blocking Autophagy-mediated MIEN1 Degradation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104723. [PMID: 37075843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Here, we revealed a novel function of the E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1 in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) metastasis by regulating autophagy. Mechanistically, HRD1 inhibits autophagy by promoting ATG3 ubiquitination and degradation. Additionally, a pro-migratory and invasive factor, MIEN1 (migration and invasion enhancer 1), was found to be autophagically degraded upon HRD1 deficiency. Importantly, both HRD1 and MIEN1 expression are upregulated and positively correlated in lung tumors. Based on these results, we proposed a novel mechanism of HRD1 function that the degradation of ATG3 protein by HRD1 leads to autophagy inhibition and MIEN1 release, thus promoting NSCLC metastasis. Therefore, our findings provided new insights into the role of HRD1 in NSCLC metastasis and new therapeutic targets for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Affiliated Three Gorges Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Che
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Affiliated Three Gorges Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Huawen Liu
- Affiliated Three Gorges Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenghong Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China.
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Erzurumlu Y, Catakli D, Dogan HK. Circadian Oscillation Pattern of Endoplasmic Reticulum Quality Control (ERQC) Components in Human Embryonic Kidney HEK293 Cells. J Circadian Rhythms 2023; 21:1. [PMID: 37033333 PMCID: PMC10077977 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates the “push-pull” of the molecular signaling mechanisms that arrange the rhythmic organization of the physiology to maintain cellular homeostasis. In mammals, molecular clock genes tightly arrange cellular rhythmicity. It has been shown that this circadian clock optimizes various biological processes, including the cell cycle and autophagy. Hence, we explored the dynamic crosstalks between the circadian rhythm and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-quality control (ERQC) mechanisms. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is one of the most important parts of the ERQC system and is an elaborate surveillance system that eliminates misfolded proteins. It regulates the steady-state levels of several physiologically crucial proteins, such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) and the metastasis suppressor KAI1/CD82. However, the circadian oscillation of ERQC members and their roles in cellular rhythmicity requires further investigation. In the present study, we provided a thorough investigation of the circadian rhythmicity of the fifteen crucial ERQC members, including gp78, Hrd1, p97/VCP, SVIP, Derlin1, Ufd1, Npl4, EDEM1, OS9, XTP3B, Sel1L, Ufd2, YOD1, VCIP135 and FAM8A1 in HEK293 cells. We found that mRNA and protein accumulation of the ubiquitin conjugation, binding and processing factors, retrotranslocation-dislocation, substrate recognition and targeting components of ERQC exhibit oscillation under the control of the circadian clock. Moreover, we found that Hrd1 and gp78 have a possible regulatory function on Bmal1 turnover. The findings of the current study indicated that the expression level of ERQC components is fine-tuned by the circadian clock and major ERAD E3 ligases, Hrd1 and gp78, may influence the regulation of circadian oscillation by modulation of Bmal1 stability.
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20
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Blackwood EA, MacDonnell LF, Thuerauf DJ, Bilal AS, Murray VB, Bedi KC, Margulies KB, Glembotski CC. Noncanonical Form of ERAD Regulates Cardiac Hypertrophy. Circulation 2023; 147:66-82. [PMID: 36317534 PMCID: PMC9797446 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy increases demands on protein folding, which causes an accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These misfolded proteins can be removed by the adaptive retrotranslocation, polyubiquitylation, and a proteasome-mediated degradation process, ER-associated degradation (ERAD), which, as a biological process and rate, has not been studied in vivo. To investigate a role for ERAD in a pathophysiological model, we examined the function of the functional initiator of ERAD, valosin-containing protein-interacting membrane protein (VIMP), positing that VIMP would be adaptive in pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mice. METHODS We developed a new method involving cardiac myocyte-specific adeno-associated virus serovar 9-mediated expression of the canonical ERAD substrate, TCRα, to measure the rate of ERAD, ie, ERAD flux, in the heart in vivo. Adeno-associated virus serovar 9 was also used to either knock down or overexpress VIMP in the heart. Then mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction to induce pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. RESULTS ERAD flux was slowed in both human heart failure and mice after transverse aortic constriction. Surprisingly, although VIMP adaptively contributes to ERAD in model cell lines, in the heart, VIMP knockdown increased ERAD and ameliorated transverse aortic constriction-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Coordinately, VIMP overexpression exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy, which was dependent on VIMP engaging in ERAD. Mechanistically, we found that the cytosolic protein kinase SGK1 (serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1) is a major driver of pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction, and that VIMP knockdown decreased the levels of SGK1, which subsequently decreased cardiac pathology. We went on to show that although it is not an ER protein, and resides outside of the ER, SGK1 is degraded by ERAD in a noncanonical process we call ERAD-Out. Despite never having been in the ER, SGK1 is recognized as an ERAD substrate by the ERAD component DERLIN1, and uniquely in cardiac myocytes, VIMP displaces DERLIN1 from initiating ERAD, which decreased SGK1 degradation and promoted cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS ERAD-Out is a new preferentially favored noncanonical form of ERAD that mediates the degradation of SGK1 in cardiac myocytes, and in so doing is therefore an important determinant of how the heart responds to pathological stimuli, such as pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A. Blackwood
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, AZ
| | - Lauren F. MacDonnell
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, AZ
| | - Donna J. Thuerauf
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA
| | - Alina S. Bilal
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, AZ
| | - Victoria B. Murray
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kenneth C. Bedi
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher C. Glembotski
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix AZ
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21
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Nakamura S, Numata G, Yamaguchi T, Tokiwa H, Higashikuni Y, Nomura S, Sasano T, Takimoto E, Komuro I. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway induces the upregulation of cardiomyocyte dopamine D1 receptor in heart failure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:247-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Li X, Li R, Lu L, Dhar A, Sheng H, Yang W. Beneficial effects of neuronal ATF6 activation in permanent ischemic stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1016391. [PMID: 36313623 PMCID: PMC9614111 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1016391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Brain ischemia leads to the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and consequently, ER stress. To help cells restore ER function, a series of adaptive stress response pathways, collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), are activated. We have previously demonstrated that the UPR pathway initiated by ATF6 is pro-survival in transient ischemic stroke. However, the effect of ATF6 activation on the outcome after permanent ischemic stroke remains unknown. Here, we addressed this knowledge gap. Method: sATF6-KI mice with functional short-form ATF6 (sATF6) predominantly expressed in forebrain neurons were subjected to two ischemic stroke models: photothrombotic stroke and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Both short-term and long-term functional outcomes were evaluated. Changes in neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular density after pMCAO were also assessed. Results: Compared to littermate controls, sATF6-KI mice performed significantly better in open field, cylinder, and foot fault tests on day 1 or 3 after photothrombotic stroke. However, on days 7 and 14 after stroke, the performance of these functional tests was not significantly different between groups, which is likely related to mild brain damage associated with this stroke model. Thus, to evaluate the long-term effects of ATF6 activation in permanent stroke, we turned to our pMCAO model. We first found that on day 4 after pMCAO, functional outcome was better, and infarct volumes were smaller in sATF6-KI mice vs controls. Next, the 15-day stroke outcome study indicated that compared to control mice, sATF6-KI mice consistently exhibited improved performance in neurologic scoring, tight rope test, and tape removal test, after pMCAO. Moreover, sATF6-KI mice showed higher vascular density and lower activation of both astrocytes and microglia around stroke regions on day 16 after pMCAO. Conclusions: Here, we presented the first evidence that activation of the ATF6 UPR branch is protective in permanent ischemic stroke, which further supports the therapeutic potential of targeting the ATF6 pathway in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Yang
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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23
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Azam T, Zhang H, Zhou F, Wang X. Recent Advances on Drug Development and Emerging Therapeutic Agents Through Targeting Cellular Homeostasis for Ageing and Cardiovascular Disease. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:888190. [PMID: 35821839 PMCID: PMC9261412 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.888190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a progressive physiological process mediated by changes in biological pathways, resulting in a decline in tissue and cellular function. It is a driving factor in numerous age-related diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiomyopathies, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, and heart failure are some of the age-related CVDs that are the leading causes of death worldwide. Although individual CVDs have distinct clinical and pathophysiological manifestations, a disturbance in cellular homeostasis underlies the majority of diseases which is further compounded with aging. Three key evolutionary conserved signalling pathways, namely, autophagy, mitophagy and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are involved in eliminating damaged and dysfunctional organelle, misfolded proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, together these molecular processes protect and preserve cellular homeostasis. However, amongst the numerous molecular changes during ageing, a decline in the signalling of these key molecular processes occurs. This decline also increases the susceptibility of damage following a stressful insult, promoting the development and pathogenesis of CVDs. In this review, we discuss the role of autophagy, mitophagy and UPR signalling with respect to ageing and cardiac disease. We also highlight potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring/rebalancing autophagy and UPR signalling to maintain cellular homeostasis, thus mitigating the pathological effects of ageing and CVDs. Finally, we highlight some limitations that are likely hindering scientific drug research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyiba Azam
- Michael Smith Building, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Michael Smith Building, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fangchao Zhou
- Michael Smith Building, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Wang
- Michael Smith Building, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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24
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Binder P, Nguyen B, Collins L, Zi M, Liu W, Christou F, Luo X, Hille SS, Frey N, Cartwright EJ, Chernoff J, Müller OJ, Guan K, Wang X. Pak2 Regulation of Nrf2 Serves as a Novel Signaling Nexus Linking ER Stress Response and Oxidative Stress in the Heart. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:851419. [PMID: 35350536 PMCID: PMC8957820 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.851419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress have been highly implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). However, the mechanisms involved in the interplay between these processes in the heart are not fully understood. The present study sought to determine a causative link between Pak2-dependent UPR activation and oxidative stress via Nrf2 regulation under pathological ER stress. We report that sustained ER stress and Pak2 deletion in cardiomyocytes enhance Nrf2 expression. Conversely, AAV9 mediated Pak2 delivery in the heart leads to a significant decrease in Nrf2 levels. Pak2 overexpression enhances the XBP1-Hrd1 UPR axis and ameliorates tunicamycin induced cardiac apoptosis and dysfunction in mice. We found that Pak2 deletion and altered proteostasis render Nrf2 detrimental by switching from its antioxidant role to renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) gene regulator. Mechanistically, Pak2 mediated Hrd1 expression targets Nrf2 for ubiquitination and degradation thus preventing its aberrant activation. Moreover, we find a significant increase in Nrf2 with a decrease in Pak2 in human myocardium of dilated heart disease. Using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), we find that Pak2 is able to ameliorate Nrf2 induced RAAS activation under ER stress. These findings demonstrate that Pak2 is a novel Nrf2 regulator in the stressed heart. Activation of XBP1-Hrd1 is attributed to prevent ER stress-induced Nrf2 RAAS component upregulation. This mechanism explains the functional dichotomy of Nrf2 in the stressed heart. Thus, Pak2 regulation of Nrf2 homeostasis may present as a potential therapeutic route to alleviate detrimental ER stress and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Binder
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Binh Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Collins
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Min Zi
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Liu
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Foteini Christou
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaojing Luo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne S Hille
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth J Cartwright
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Chernoff
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xin Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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25
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Sun HJ, Wu ZY, Nie XW, Wang XY, Bian JS. An Updated Insight Into Molecular Mechanism of Hydrogen Sulfide in Cardiomyopathy and Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Under Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:651884. [PMID: 34764865 PMCID: PMC8576408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.651884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common complications of diabetes, and diabetic cardiomyopathy is a major cause of people death in diabetes. Molecular, transcriptional, animal, and clinical studies have discovered numerous therapeutic targets or drugs for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Within this, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous gasotransmitter alongside with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), is found to play a critical role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Recently, the protective roles of H2S in diabetic cardiomyopathy have attracted enormous attention. In addition, H2S donors confer favorable effects in myocardial infarction, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure under diabetic conditions. Further studies have disclosed that multiplex molecular mechanisms are responsible for the protective effects of H2S against diabetes-elicited cardiac injury, such as anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-necrotic properties. In this review, we will summarize the current findings on H2S biology and pharmacology, especially focusing on the novel mechanisms of H2S-based protection against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Also, the potential roles of H2S in diabetes-aggravated ischaemia-reperfusion injury are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Shenzhen Second People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
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26
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Wu Q, Tian JH, He YX, Huang YY, Huang YQ, Zhang GP, Luo JD, Xue Q, Yu XY, Liu YH. Zonisamide alleviates cardiac hypertrophy in rats by increasing Hrd1 expression and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1587-1597. [PMID: 33495518 PMCID: PMC8463597 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiepileptic drug zonisamide has been shown to be curative for Parkinson's disease (PD) through increasing HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1) level and mitigating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Hrd1 is an ER-transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase, which is involved in cardiac dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model of pressure overload. In this study, we investigated whether zonisamide alleviated cardiac hypertrophy in rats by increasing Hrd1 expression and inhibiting ER stress. The beneficial effects of zonisamide were assessed in two experimental models of cardiac hypertrophy: in rats subjected to abdominal aorta constriction (AAC) and treated with zonisamide (14, 28, 56 mg · kg-1 · d-1, i.g.) for 6 weeks as well as in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) co-treated with Ang II (10 μM) and zonisamide (0.3 μM). Echocardiography analysis revealed that zonsiamide treatment significantly improved cardiac function in AAC rats. We found that zonsiamide treatment significantly attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and suppressed apoptosis and ER stress in the hearts of AAC rats and in Ang II-treated NRCMs. Importantly, zonisamide markedly increased the expression of Hrd1 in the hearts of AAC rats and in Ang II-treated NRCMs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that zonisamide accelerated ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) in Ang II-treated NRCMs; knockdown of Hrd1 abrogated the inhibitory effects of zonisamide on ER stress and cardiac hypertrophy. Taken together, our results demonstrate that zonisamide is effective in preserving heart structure and function in the experimental models of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Zonisamide increases Hrd1 expression, thus preventing cardiac hypertrophy and improving the cardiac function of AAC rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jia-Hui Tian
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yong-Xiang He
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yong-Yin Huang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yu-Qing Huang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Gui-Ping Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jian-Dong Luo
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qin Xue
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Ying-Hua Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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27
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Sun Y, Zhang L, Lu B, Wen J, Wang M, Zhang S, Li Q, Shu F, Lu F, Liu N, Peng S, Zhao Y, Dong S, Lu F, Zhang W, Wang Y. Hydrogen sulphide reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in cardiac tissues of db/db mice via Hrd1 S-sulfhydration. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9154-9167. [PMID: 34562065 PMCID: PMC8500968 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) induces cardiac dysfunctions in type 2 diabetes patients. Recent studies have shown that hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) ameliorates cardiac functions in db/db mice, but its regulation on the formation of LDs in cardiac tissues is unclear. Db/db mice were injected with NaHS (40 μmol·kg-1 ) for twelve weeks. H9c2 cells were treated with high glucose (40 mmol/L), oleate (200 µmol/L), palmitate (200 µmol/L) and NaHS (100 µmol/L) for 48 hours. Plasmids for the overexpression of wild-type Hrd1 and Hrd1 mutated at Cys115 were constructed. The interaction between Hrd1 and DGAT1 and DGAT2, the ubiquitylation level of DGAT1 and 2, the S-sulfhydration of Hrd1 were measured. Exogenous H2 S ameliorated the cardiac functions, decreased ER stress and reduced the number of LDs in db/db mice. Exogenous H2 S could elevate the ubiquitination level of DGAT 1 and 2 and increased the expression of Hrd1 in cardiac tissues of db/db mice. The S-sulfhydration of Hrd1 by NaHS enhanced the interaction between Hrd1 and DGAT1 and 2 to inhibit the formation of LD. Our findings suggested that H2 S modified Hrd1 S-sulfhydration at Cys115 to reduce the accumulation of LDs in cardiac tissues of db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linxue Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baoling Lu
- Department of Infectious, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingchen Wen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qianzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Shu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fangping Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiyun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fanghao Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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28
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Dong JY, Xia KJ, Liang W, Liu LL, Yang F, Fang XS, Xiong YJ, Wang L, Zhou ZJ, Li CY, Zhang WD, Wang JY, Chen DP. Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviates colitis in mice via activation of endoplasmic reticulum-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase Hrd1 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1461-1471. [PMID: 33268823 PMCID: PMC8379258 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is regulated by ER-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase Hrd1, which has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) is the major ginsenoside in ginseng with multiple pharmacological activities. In this study we investigated the role of Hrd1 in IBD and its regulation by GRb1. Two mouse colitis models were established to mimic human IBD: drinking water containing dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) as well as intra-colonic infusion of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Colitis mice were treated with GRb1 (20, 40 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) or a positive control drug sulfasalazine (500 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) for 7 days. The model mice showed typical colitis symptoms and pathological changes in colon tissue. In addition to significant inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis in colon tissue, colon epithelial expression of Hrd1 was significantly decreased, the expression of ER stress markers GRP78, PERK, CHOP, and caspase 12 was increased, and the expression of Fas was increased (Fas was removed by Hrd1-induced ubiquitination). These changes were partially, or completely, reversed by GRb1 administration, whereas injection of Hrd1 inhibitor LS102 (50 mg·kg-1· d-1, ip, for 6 days) exacerbated colitis symptoms in colitis mice. GRb1 administration not only normalized Hrd1 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, but also alleviated the ER stress response, Fas-related apoptosis, and other colitis symptoms. In intestinal cell line IEC-6, the expression of Hrd1 was significantly decreased by LPS treatment, but was normalized by GRb1 (200 μM). GRb1 alleviated LPS-induced ER stress and cell apoptosis in IEC-6 cells, and GRb1 action was inhibited by knockdown of Hrd1 using small interfering RNA. In summary, these results reveal a pathological role of Hrd1 in colitis, and provide a novel insight into alternative treatment of colitis using GRb1 activating Hrd1 signaling pathway.
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Mechanisms of the Cytotoxic Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles in Different Human Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157798. [PMID: 34360564 PMCID: PMC8346078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, studies on the functional features of Se nanoparticles (SeNP) have gained great popularity due to their high biocompatibility, stability, and pronounced selectivity. A large number of works prove the anticarcinogenic effect of SeNP. In this work, the molecular mechanisms regulating the cytotoxic effects of SeNP, obtained by laser ablation, were studied by the example of four human cancer cell lines: A-172 (glioblastoma), Caco-2, (colorectal adenocarcinoma), DU-145 (prostate carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma). It was found that SeNP had different concentration-dependent effects on cancer cells of the four studied human lines. SeNP at concentrations of less than 1 μg/mL had no cytotoxic effect on the studied cancer cells, with the exception of the A-172 cell line, for which 0.5 μg/mL SeNP was the minimum concentration affecting its metabolic activity. It was shown that SeNP concentration-dependently caused cancer cell apoptosis, but not necrosis. In addition, it was found that SeNP enhanced the expression of pro-apoptotic genes in almost all cancer cell lines, with the exception of Caco-2 and activated various pathways of adaptive and pro-apoptotic signaling pathways of UPR. Different effects of SeNP on the expression of ER-resident selenoproteins and selenium-containing glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases, depending on the cell line, were established. In addition, SeNP triggered Ca2+ signals in all investigated cancer cell lines. Different sensitivity of cancer cell lines to SeNP can determine the induction of the process of apoptosis in them through regulation of the Ca2+ signaling system, mechanisms of ER stress, and activation of various expression patterns of genes encoding pro-apoptotic proteins.
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Zhang Y, Xia G, Zhu Q. Conserved and Unique Roles of Chaperone-Dependent E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CHIP in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:699756. [PMID: 34305988 PMCID: PMC8299108 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.699756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein quality control (PQC) is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis by reducing protein misfolding and aggregation. Major PQC mechanisms include protein refolding assisted by molecular chaperones and the degradation of misfolded and aggregated proteins using the proteasome and autophagy. A C-terminus of heat shock protein (Hsp) 70-interacting protein [carboxy-terminal Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP)] is a chaperone-dependent and U-box-containing E3 ligase. CHIP is a key molecule in PQC by recognizing misfolded proteins through its interacting chaperones and targeting their degradation. CHIP also ubiquitinates native proteins and plays a regulatory role in other cellular processes, including signaling, development, DNA repair, immunity, and aging in metazoans. As a highly conserved ubiquitin ligase, plant CHIP plays an important role in response to a broad spectrum of biotic and abiotic stresses. CHIP protects chloroplasts by coordinating chloroplast PQC both outside and inside the important photosynthetic organelle of plant cells. CHIP also modulates the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a crucial component in a network of plant signaling, including abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. In this review, we discuss the structure, cofactors, activities, and biological function of CHIP with an emphasis on both its conserved and unique roles in PQC, stress responses, and signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qianggen Zhu
- Department of Landscape and Horticulture, Ecology College, Lishui University, Lishui, China
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Vanhoutte D, Schips TG, Vo A, Grimes KM, Baldwin TA, Brody MJ, Accornero F, Sargent MA, Molkentin JD. Thbs1 induces lethal cardiac atrophy through PERK-ATF4 regulated autophagy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3928. [PMID: 34168130 PMCID: PMC8225674 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The thrombospondin (Thbs) family of secreted matricellular proteins are stress- and injury-induced mediators of cellular attachment dynamics and extracellular matrix protein production. Here we show that Thbs1, but not Thbs2, Thbs3 or Thbs4, induces lethal cardiac atrophy when overexpressed. Mechanistically, Thbs1 binds and activates the endoplasmic reticulum stress effector PERK, inducing its downstream transcription factor ATF4 and causing lethal autophagy-mediated cardiac atrophy. Antithetically, Thbs1-/- mice develop greater cardiac hypertrophy with pressure overload stimulation and show reduced fasting-induced atrophy. Deletion of Thbs1 effectors/receptors, including ATF6α, CD36 or CD47 does not diminish Thbs1-dependent cardiac atrophy. However, deletion of the gene encoding PERK in Thbs1 transgenic mice blunts the induction of ATF4 and autophagy, and largely corrects the lethal cardiac atrophy. Finally, overexpression of PERK or ATF4 using AAV9 gene-transfer similarly promotes cardiac atrophy and lethality. Hence, we identified Thbs1-mediated PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-induced autophagy as a critical regulator of cardiomyocyte size in the stressed heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vanhoutte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tobias G Schips
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelly M Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tanya A Baldwin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew J Brody
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Varlamova EG, Turovsky EA. THE MAIN CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF METHYLSELENINIC ACID ON VARIOUS CANCER CELLS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6614. [PMID: 34205571 PMCID: PMC8234898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of recent decades have repeatedly demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of selenium-containing compounds on cancer cells of various origins. Particular attention in these studies is paid to methylseleninic acid, a widespread selenium-containing compound of organic nature, for several reasons: it has a selective cytotoxic effect on cancer cells, it is cytotoxic in small doses, it is able to generate methylselenol, excluding the action of the enzyme β-lyase. All these qualities make methylseleninic acid an attractive substrate for the production of anticancer drugs on its basis with a well-pronounced selective effect. However, the studies available to date indicate that there is no strictly specific molecular mechanism of its cytotoxic effect in relation to different cancer cell lines and cancer models. This review contains generalized information on the dose- and time-dependent regulation of the toxic effect of methylseleninic acid on the proliferative properties of a number of cancer cell lines. In addition, special attention in this review is paid to the influence of this selenium-containing compound on the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and on the expression of seven selenoproteins, which are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Varlamova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institutskaya St. 3, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia;
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Shen Y, Li R, Yu S, Zhao Q, Wang Z, Sheng H, Yang W. Activation of the ATF6 (Activating Transcription Factor 6) Signaling Pathway in Neurons Improves Outcome After Cardiac Arrest in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020216. [PMID: 34111943 PMCID: PMC8477867 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Ischemia/reperfusion injury impairs proteostasis, and triggers adaptive cellular responses, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), which functions to restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. After cardiac arrest (CA) and resuscitation, the UPR is activated in various organs including the brain. However, the role of the UPR in CA has remained largely unknown. Here we aimed to investigate effects of activation of the ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6) UPR branch in CA. Methods and Results Conditional and inducible sATF6-KI (short-form ATF6 knock-in) mice and a selective ATF6 pathway activator 147 were used. CA was induced in mice by KCl injection, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We first found that neurologic function was significantly improved, and neuronal damage was mitigated after the ATF6 pathway was activated in neurons of sATF6-KI mice subjected to CA/cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Further RNA sequencing analysis indicated that such beneficial effects were likely attributable to increased expression of pro-proteostatic genes regulated by ATF6. Especially, key components of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation process, which clears potentially toxic unfolded/misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, were upregulated in the sATF6-KI brain. Accordingly, the CA-induced increase in K48-linked polyubiquitin in the brain was higher in sATF6-KI mice relative to control mice. Finally, CA outcome, including the survival rate, was significantly improved in mice treated with compound 147. Conclusions This is the first experimental study to determine the role of the ATF6 UPR branch in CA outcome. Our data indicate that the ATF6 UPR branch is a prosurvival pathway and may be considered as a therapeutic target for CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Shen
- Department of AnesthesiologyCenter for Perioperative Organ ProtectionDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | - Ran Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyCenter for Perioperative Organ ProtectionDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | - Shu Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyCenter for Perioperative Organ ProtectionDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of AnesthesiologyCenter for Perioperative Organ ProtectionDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | - Zhuoran Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyCenter for Perioperative Organ ProtectionDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | - Huaxin Sheng
- Department of AnesthesiologyCenter for Perioperative Organ ProtectionDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of AnesthesiologyCenter for Perioperative Organ ProtectionDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
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Zhang Y, Da Q, Cao S, Yan K, Shi Z, Miao Q, Li C, Hu L, Sun S, Wu W, Wu L, Chen F, Wang L, Gao Y, Huang Z, Shao Y, Chen H, Wei Y, Chen F, Han Y, Xie L, Ji Y. HINT1 (Histidine Triad Nucleotide-Binding Protein 1) Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy Via Suppressing HOXA5 (Homeobox A5) Expression. Circulation 2021; 144:638-654. [PMID: 34098726 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.051094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy is an important prepathology of, and will ultimately lead to, heart failure. However, the mechanisms underlying pathological cardiac hypertrophy remain largely unknown. This study aims to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of HINT1 (histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1) in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. METHODS HINT1 was downregulated in human hypertrophic heart samples compared with nonhypertrophic samples by mass spectrometry analysis. Hint1 knockout mice were challenged with transverse aortic constriction surgery. Cardiac-specific overexpression of HINT1 mice by intravenous injection of adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-encoding Hint1 under the cTnT (cardiac troponin T) promoter were subjected to transverse aortic construction. Unbiased transcriptional analyses were used to identify the downstream targets of HINT1. AAV9 bearing shRNA against Hoxa5 (homeobox A5) was administrated to investigate whether the effects of HINT1 on cardiac hypertrophy were HOXA5-dependent. RNA sequencing analysis was performed to recapitulate possible changes in transcriptome profile.Coimmunoprecipitation assays and cellular fractionation analyses were conducted to examine the mechanism by which HINT1 regulates the expression of HOXA5. RESULTS The reduction of HINT1 expression was observed in the hearts of hypertrophic patients and pressure overloaded-induced hypertrophic mice, respectively. In Hint1-deficient mice, cardiac hypertrophy deteriorated after transverse aortic construction. Conversely, cardiac-specific overexpression of HINT1 alleviated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Unbiased profiler polymerase chain reaction array showed HOXA5 is 1 target for HINT1, and the cardioprotective role of HINT1 was abolished by HOXA5 knockdown in vivo. Hoxa5 was identified to affect hypertrophy through the TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) signal pathway. Mechanically, HINT1 inhibited PKCβ1 (protein kinase C β type 1) membrane translocation and phosphorylation via direct interaction, attenuating the MEK/ERK/YY1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase/yin yang 1) signal pathway, downregulating HOXA5 expression, and eventually attenuating cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS HINT1 protects against cardiac hypertrophy through suppressing HOXA5 expression. These findings indicate that HINT1 may be a potential target for therapeutic interventions in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Qiang Da
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Siyi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Ke Yan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Zhiguang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Qing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Lulu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Shixiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Wei Wu
- Departments of Bioinformatics (W.W., L.Wu)
| | | | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.).,Forensic Medicine (Feng Chen, MD, PhD)
| | | | - Yuanqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (Z.H.)
| | - Yongfeng Shao
- Cardiovascular Surgery (Y.S.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Y.W., Feng Chen, PhD), Nanjing Medical University
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Y.W., Feng Chen, PhD), Nanjing Medical University
| | - Yi Han
- Departments of Geriatrics (Y.H.)
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.).,The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School (L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.).,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Y.J.)
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Zhang J, Jiang S, Lu C, Pang J, Xu H, Yang F, Zhuang S. SYVN1/GPX5 axis affects ischemia/reperfusion induced apoptosis of AC16 cells by regulating ROS generation. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:4055-4067. [PMID: 34149998 PMCID: PMC8205806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced injury is a major cause of coronary heart disease (CHD). Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to an I/R injury in CHD, and the ROS level can be regulated by Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzyme family. In this study, we investigated the role and underlying molecular mechanism of GPX5 in I/R-induced AC16 cells. We found that the serum level of GPX5 was down-regulated in patients with CHD and I/R-induced AC16 cells. Overexpression of GPX5 inhibited I/R-induced apoptosis by suppressing the production of ROS. On the other hand, knock-down of GPX5 promoted apoptosis in AC16 cells by up-regulating the level of ROS. Furthermore, we found that GPX5 was regulated by synovial apoptosis inhibitor 1 (SYVN1)-mediated ubiquitination in AC16 cells. In I/R-induced AC16 cells, the expression of SYVN1 was up-regulated, and SYVN1 knock-down decreased the ROS levels and apoptotic rate but increased GPX5 levels. Moreover, GPX5 knockdown promoted ROS production and apoptosis, while its effects were attenuated by SYVN1 knockdown. Furthermore, SYVN1 was up-regulated while GPX5 was down-regulated in the myocardial tissue of I/R-injured rats. Taken together, our data demonstrate that GPX5 inhibits I/R-induced apoptosis of AC16 cells by down-regulating ROS level, and its stabilization is regulated by SYVN1-mediated ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Jiadong Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Huajie Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowei Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai, China
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in cardiovascular diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:499-521. [PMID: 33619348 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as ischaemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke and heart failure, are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although specific CVDs and the associated cardiometabolic abnormalities have distinct pathophysiological and clinical manifestations, they often share common traits, including disruption of proteostasis resulting in accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER proteostasis is governed by the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signalling pathway that adjusts the protein-folding capacity of the cell to sustain the cell's secretory function. When the adaptive UPR fails to preserve ER homeostasis, a maladaptive or terminal UPR is engaged, leading to the disruption of ER integrity and to apoptosis. ER stress functions as a double-edged sword, with long-term ER stress resulting in cellular defects causing disturbed cardiovascular function. In this Review, we discuss the distinct roles of the UPR and ER stress response as both causes and consequences of CVD. We also summarize the latest advances in our understanding of the importance of the UPR and ER stress in the pathogenesis of CVD and discuss potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring ER proteostasis in CVDs.
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Qu J, Zou T, Lin Z. The Roles of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1526. [PMID: 33546413 PMCID: PMC7913544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic organelle in eukaryotic cells, which is essential for synthesis, processing, sorting of protein and lipid metabolism. However, the cells activate a defense mechanism called endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) response and initiate unfolded protein response (UPR) as the unfolded proteins exceed the folding capacity of the ER due to the environmental influences or increased protein synthesis. ER stress can mediate many cellular processes, including autophagy, apoptosis and senescence. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is involved in the degradation of more than 80% of proteins in the cells. Today, increasing numbers of studies have shown that the two important components of UPS, E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs), are tightly related to ER stress. In this review, we summarized the regulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligases and DUBs in ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhenghong Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (J.Q.); (T.Z.)
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Kaur N, Raja R, Ruiz-Velasco A, Liu W. Cellular Protein Quality Control in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Bench to Bedside. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:585309. [PMID: 33195472 PMCID: PMC7593653 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.585309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious comorbidity and the most common cause of mortality in diabetes patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) features impaired cellular structure and function, culminating in heart failure; however, there is a dearth of specific clinical therapy for treating DCM. Protein homeostasis is pivotal for the maintenance of cellular viability under physiological and pathological conditions, particularly in the irreplaceable cardiomyocytes; therefore, it is tightly regulated by a protein quality control (PQC) system. Three evolutionarily conserved molecular processes, the unfolded protein response (UPR), the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and autophagy, enhance protein turnover and preserve protein homeostasis by suppressing protein translation, degrading misfolded or unfolded proteins in cytosol or organelles, disposing of damaged and toxic proteins, recycling essential amino acids, and eliminating insoluble protein aggregates. In response to increased cellular protein demand under pathological insults, including the diabetic condition, a coordinated PQC system retains cardiac protein homeostasis and heart performance, on the contrary, inappropriate PQC function exaggerates cardiac proteotoxicity with subsequent heart dysfunction. Further investigation of the PQC mechanisms in diabetes propels a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of DCM and opens new prospective treatment strategies for heart disease and heart failure in diabetes patients. In this review, the function and regulation of cardiac PQC machinery in diabetes mellitus, and the therapeutic potential for the diabetic heart are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Kaur
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rida Raja
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Ruiz-Velasco
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Role of Nrf2 and Its Activators in Cardiocerebral Vascular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4683943. [PMID: 32831999 PMCID: PMC7428967 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4683943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiocerebral vascular disease (CCVD) is a common disease with high morbidity, disability, and mortality. Oxidative stress (OS) is closely related to the progression of CCVD. Abnormal redox regulation leads to OS and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause biomolecular and cellular damage. The Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway is one of the most important defense systems against exogenous and endogenous OS injury, and Nrf2 is regarded as a vital pharmacological target. The complexity of the CCVD pathological process and the current difficulties in conducting clinical trials have hindered the development of therapeutic drugs. Furthermore, little is known about the role of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in CCVD. Clarifying the role of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in CCVD can provide new ideas for drug design. This review details the recent advancements in the regulation of the Nrf2/ARE system and its role and activators in common CCVD development.
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Gao X, Kim S, Zhao T, Ren M, Chae J. Social defeat stress induces myocardial injury by modulating inflammatory factors. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520936903. [PMID: 32687424 PMCID: PMC7372629 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520936903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78, as well as the inflammatory factors nuclear factor (NF)-κB and IκBα, to assess how social defeat stress induces myocardial injury. Furthermore, we evaluated the protective effects of the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) on myocardial injury in mice. METHODS Adult mice were divided into control, control + PBA, social defeat, and social defeat + PBA groups. The social defeat and social defeat + PBA groups were exposed to social defeat stress for 10 days. Cardiac tissues from all groups were analyzed after social defeat stress. H9C2 cells were used to detect the role of the ER stress agonist thapsigargin on expression of ER stress and inflammatory markers. RESULTS Social defeat stress promoted apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, increased CHOP, NF-κB and, phospho-NF-κB protein expression, and decreased GRP78 and IκBα protein expression. Moreover, PBA significantly reversed these changes and attenuated thapsigargin-induced increased expression of CHOP and phospho-NF-κB, and decreased IκBα expression in H9C2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Social defeat stress initiates ER stress, promotes expression of inflammatory factors, and induces myocardial injury. Inhibiting ER stress could protect the myocardium from social defeat stress-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLei Gao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - SangJin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - MingFen Ren
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - JeiKeon Chae
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase is required for atrial secretory granule formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17820-17831. [PMID: 32661174 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004410117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of atrial secretory granules and the natriuretic peptides stored in them identified the atrium as an endocrine organ. Although neither atrial nor brain natriuretic peptide (ANP, BNP) is amidated, the major membrane protein in atrial granules is peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), an enzyme essential for amidated peptide biosynthesis. Mice lacking cardiomyocyte PAM (Pam Myh6-cKO/cKO) are viable, but a gene dosage-dependent drop in atrial ANP and BNP content occurred. Ultrastructural analysis of adult Pam Myh6-cKO/cKO atria revealed a 13-fold drop in the number of secretory granules. When primary cultures of Pam 0-Cre-cKO/cKO atrial myocytes (no Cre recombinase, PAM floxed) were transduced with Cre-GFP lentivirus, PAM protein levels dropped, followed by a decline in ANP precursor (proANP) levels. Expression of exogenous PAM in Pam Myh6-cKO/cKO atrial myocytes produced a dose-dependent rescue of proANP content; strikingly, this response did not require the monooxygenase activity of PAM. Unlike many prohormones, atrial proANP is stored intact. A threefold increase in the basal rate of proANP secretion by Pam Myh6-cKO/cKO myocytes was a major contributor to its reduced levels. While proANP secretion was increased following treatment of control cultures with drugs that block the activation of Golgi-localized Arf proteins and COPI vesicle formation, proANP secretion by Pam Myh6-cKO/cKO myocytes was unaffected. In cells lacking secretory granules, expression of exogenous PAM led to the accumulation of fluorescently tagged proANP in the cis-Golgi region. Our data indicate that COPI vesicle-mediated recycling of PAM from the cis-Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum plays an essential role in the biogenesis of proANP containing atrial granules.
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Rajakumar S, Vijayakumar R, Abhishek A, Selvam GS, Nachiappan V. Loss of ERAD bridging factor UBX2 modulates lipid metabolism and leads to ER stress-associated apoptosis during cadmium toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2020; 66:1003-1017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Blackwood EA, Thuerauf DJ, Stastna M, Stephens H, Sand Z, Pentoney A, Azizi K, Jakobi T, Van Eyk JE, Katus HA, Glembotski CC, Doroudgar S. Proteomic analysis of the cardiac myocyte secretome reveals extracellular protective functions for the ER stress response. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 143:132-144. [PMID: 32339566 PMCID: PMC8597053 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ER stress on protein secretion by cardiac myocytes are not well understood. In this study, the ER stressor thapsigargin (TG), which depletes ER calcium, induced death of cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) in high media volume but fostered protection in low media volume. In contrast, another ER stressor, tunicamycin (TM), a protein glycosylation inhibitor, induced NRVM death in all media volumes, suggesting that protective proteins were secreted in response to TG but not TM. Proteomic analyses of TG- and TM-conditioned media showed that the secretion of most proteins was inhibited by TG and TM; however, secretion of several ER-resident proteins, including GRP78 was increased by TG but not TM. Simulated ischemia, which decreases ER/SR calcium also increased secretion of these proteins. Mechanistically, secreted GRP78 was shown to enhance survival of NRVMs by collaborating with a cell-surface protein, CRIPTO, to activate protective AKT signaling and to inhibit death-promoting SMAD2 signaling. Thus, proteins secreted during ER stress mediated by ER calcium depletion can enhance cardiac myocyte viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Blackwood
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donna J Thuerauf
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Miroslava Stastna
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Haley Stephens
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Sand
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Amber Pentoney
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Khalid Azizi
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Jakobi
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany; Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christopher C Glembotski
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shirin Doroudgar
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.
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Arrieta A, Blackwood EA, Stauffer WT, Santo Domingo M, Bilal AS, Thuerauf DJ, Pentoney AN, Aivati C, Sarakki AV, Doroudgar S, Glembotski CC. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor is an ER-resident chaperone that protects against reductive stress in the heart. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7566-7583. [PMID: 32327487 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) impairs endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-based protein folding in the heart and thereby activates an unfolded protein response sensor and effector, activated transcription factor 6α (ATF6). ATF6 then induces mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), an ER-resident protein with no known structural homologs and unclear ER function. To determine MANF's function in the heart in vivo, here we developed a cardiomyocyte-specific MANF-knockdown mouse model. MANF knockdown increased cardiac damage after I/R, which was reversed by AAV9-mediated ectopic MANF expression. Mechanistically, MANF knockdown in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) impaired protein folding in the ER and cardiomyocyte viability during simulated I/R. However, this was not due to MANF-mediated protection from reactive oxygen species generated during reperfusion. Because I/R impairs oxygen-dependent ER protein disulfide formation and such impairment can be caused by reductive stress in the ER, we examined the effects of the reductive ER stressor DTT. MANF knockdown in NRVMs increased cell death from DTT-mediated reductive ER stress, but not from nonreductive ER stresses caused by thapsigargin-mediated ER Ca2+ depletion or tunicamycin-mediated inhibition of ER protein glycosylation. In vitro, recombinant MANF exhibited chaperone activity that depended on its conserved cysteine residues. Moreover, in cells, MANF bound to a model ER protein exhibiting improper disulfide bond formation during reductive ER stress but did not bind to this protein during nonreductive ER stress. We conclude that MANF is an ER chaperone that enhances protein folding and myocyte viability during reductive ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Arrieta
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Erik A Blackwood
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Winston T Stauffer
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michelle Santo Domingo
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Alina S Bilal
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Donna J Thuerauf
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Amber N Pentoney
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Cathrine Aivati
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Anup V Sarakki
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shirin Doroudgar
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Innere Medizin III, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher C Glembotski
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Li Q, Xuan W, Jia Z, Li H, Li M, Liang X, Su D. HRD1 prevents atherosclerosis-mediated endothelial cell apoptosis by promoting LOX-1 degradation. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1466-1477. [PMID: 32308114 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1754561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl reductase degradation (HRD1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that can preserve heart structure and function, but its role in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis (AS) is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role and biological function of HRD1 in AS. HRD1 expression was significantly decreased in atherosclerotic intima and ox-LDL led to a decrease of HRD1 level in endothelial cells (ECs). Forced expression of HRD1 inhibited the endothelial apoptosis induced by ox-LDL. The transcription factor KLF2 specifically bound to the HRD1 promoter and positively regulated HRD1 expression. KLF2 up-regulation could reverse the decrease of HRD1 level in ECs treated with ox-LDL. Further analysis showed that HRD1 interacted with LOX-1 and promoted ubiquitination and degradation of LOX-1 by the proteasome. Deletion of LOX-1 attenuated the ECs apoptosis induced by HRD1 downregulation. Pravastatin, which protected EC from damage via a KLF2-dependent mechanism, could dose-dependently enhanced HRD1 expression in EC exposed to ox-LDL. Interestingly, interference of HRD1 abolished the cytoprotective effect of pravastatin. Collectively, our data indicate that decreased HRD1 expression leads to apoptosis of ECs and restoration of HRD1 expression could represent a novel strategy for human AS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Wenying Xuan
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital , Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijun Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Xiubin Liang
- Center of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Sir Runrun Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Dongming Su
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China.,Center of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Sir Runrun Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
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Yu M, Du H, Wang B, Chen J, Lu F, Peng S, Sun Y, Liu N, Sun X, Shiyun D, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhao D, Lu F, Zhang W. Exogenous H 2S Induces Hrd1 S-sulfhydration and Prevents CD36 Translocation via VAMP3 Ubiquitylation in Diabetic Hearts. Aging Dis 2020; 11:286-300. [PMID: 32257542 PMCID: PMC7069459 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays physiological roles in vascular tone regulation, cytoprotection, and ATP synthesis. HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein (Hrd1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is involved in protein trafficking. H2S may play a role in controlling fatty acid uptake in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in a manner correlated with modulation of Hrd1 S-sulfhydration; however, this role remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to examine whether H2S can attenuate lipid accumulation and to explain the possible mechanisms involved in the regulation of the H2S-Hrd1/VAMP3 pathway. Db/db mice and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated with high glucose, palmitate and oleate were used as animal and cellular models of type 2 diabetes, respectively. The expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), Hrd1, CD36 and VAMP3 was detected by Western blot analysis. In addition, Hrd1 was mutated at Cys115, and Hrd1 S-sulfhydration was examined using an S-sulfhydration assay. VAMP3 ubiquitylation was investigated by immunoprecipitation. Lipid droplet formation was tested by TEM, BODIPY 493/503 staining and oil red O staining. The expression of CSE and Hrd1 was decreased in db/db mice compared to control mice, whereas CD36 and VAMP3 expression was increased. NaHS administration reduced droplet formation, and exogenous H2S restored Hrd1 expression, modified S-sulfhydration, and decreased VAMP3 expression in the plasma membrane. Using LC-MS/MS analysis, we identified 85 proteins with decreased ubiquitylation, including 3 vesicle-associated membrane proteins, in the cardiac tissues of model db/db mice compared with NaHS-treated db/db mice. Overexpression of Hrd1 mutated at Cys115 diminished VAMP3 ubiquitylation, whereas it increased CD36 and VAMP3 expression and droplet formation. siRNA-mediated Hrd1 deletion increased the expression of CD36 in the cell membrane. These findings suggested that H2S regulates VAMP3 ubiquitylation via Hrd1 S-sulfhydration at Cys115 to prevent CD36 translocation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haining Du
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bingzhu Wang
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Chen
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fangping Lu
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Peng
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Sun
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Liu
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojiao Sun
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dong Shiyun
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- 2Department of Urologic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dechao Zhao
- 3Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fanghao Lu
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,4Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150086, China
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Designing Novel Therapies to Mend Broken Hearts: ATF6 and Cardiac Proteostasis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030602. [PMID: 32138230 PMCID: PMC7140506 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart exhibits incredible plasticity in response to both environmental and genetic alterations that affect workload. Over the course of development, or in response to physiological or pathological stimuli, the heart responds to fluctuations in workload by hypertrophic growth primarily by individual cardiac myocytes growing in size. Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with an increase in protein synthesis, which must coordinate with protein folding and degradation to allow for homeostatic growth without affecting the functional integrity of cardiac myocytes (i.e., proteostasis). This increase in the protein folding demand in the growing cardiac myocyte activates the transcription factor, ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6α, an inducer of genes that restore proteostasis. Previously, ATF6 has been shown to induce ER-targeted proteins functioning primarily to enhance ER protein folding and degradation. More recent studies, however, have illuminated adaptive roles for ATF6 functioning outside of the ER by inducing non-canonical targets in a stimulus-specific manner. This unique ability of ATF6 to act as an initial adaptive responder has bolstered an enthusiasm for identifying small molecule activators of ATF6 and similar proteostasis-based therapeutics.
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48
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Sledgehammer to Scalpel: Broad Challenges to the Heart and Other Tissues Yield Specific Cellular Responses via Transcriptional Regulation of the ER-Stress Master Regulator ATF6α. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031134. [PMID: 32046286 PMCID: PMC7037772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more than 2000 transcription factors in eukaryotes, many of which are subject to complex mechanisms fine-tuning their activity and their transcriptional programs to meet the vast array of conditions under which cells must adapt to thrive and survive. For example, conditions that impair protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), sometimes called ER stress, elicit the relocation of the ER-transmembrane protein, activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α), to the Golgi, where it is proteolytically cleaved. This generates a fragment of ATF6α that translocates to the nucleus, where it regulates numerous genes that restore ER protein-folding capacity but is degraded soon after. Thus, upon ER stress, ATF6α is converted from a stable, transmembrane protein, to a rapidly degraded, nuclear protein that is a potent transcription factor. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms governing ATF6α location, activity, and stability, as well as the transcriptional programs ATF6α regulates, whether canonical genes that restore ER protein-folding or unexpected, non-canonical genes affecting cellular functions beyond the ER. Moreover, we will review fascinating roles for an ATF6α isoform, ATF6β, which has a similar mode of activation but, unlike ATF6α, is a long-lived, weak transcription factor that may moderate the genetic effects of ATF6α.
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Simpson LJ, Reader JS, Tzima E. Mechanical Regulation of Protein Translation in the Cardiovascular System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:34. [PMID: 32083081 PMCID: PMC7006472 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system can sense and adapt to changes in mechanical stimuli by remodeling the physical properties of the heart and blood vessels in order to maintain homeostasis. Imbalances in mechanical forces and/or impaired sensing are now not only implicated but are, in some cases, considered to be drivers for the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. There is now growing evidence to highlight the role of mechanical forces in the regulation of protein translation pathways. The canonical mechanism of protein synthesis typically involves transcription and translation. Protein translation occurs globally throughout the cell to maintain general function but localized protein synthesis allows for precise spatiotemporal control of protein translation. This Review will cover studies on the role of biomechanical stress -induced translational control in the heart (often in the context of physiological and pathological hypertrophy). We will also discuss the much less studied effects of mechanical forces in regulating protein translation in the vasculature. Understanding how the mechanical environment influences protein translational mechanisms in the cardiovascular system, will help to inform disease pathogenesis and potential areas of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Simpson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John S Reader
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Tzima
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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50
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Sharma A, Trivedi AK. Regulation of apoptosis by E3 ubiquitin ligases in ubiquitin proteasome system. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:721-734. [PMID: 31814188 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an organised ATP-dependent programmed cell death that organisms have evolved to maintain homoeostatic cell numbers and eliminate unnecessary or unhealthy cells from the system. Dysregulation of apoptosis can have serious manifestations culminating into various diseases, especially cancer. Accurate control of apoptosis requires regulation of a wide range of growth enhancing as well as anti-oncogenic factors. Appropriate regulation of magnitude and temporal expression of key proteins is vital to maintain functional apoptotic signalling. Controlled protein turnover is thus critical to the unhindered operation of the apoptotic machinery, disruption of which can have severe consequences, foremost being oncogenic transformation of cells. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is one such major cellular pathway that maintains homoeostatic protein levels. Recent studies have found interesting links between these two fundamental cellular processes, wherein UPS depending on the cue can either inhibit or promote apoptosis. A diverse range of E3 ligases are involved in regulating the turnover of key proteins of the apoptotic pathway. This review summarises an overview of key E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in the regulation of the fundamental proteins involved in apoptosis, linking UPS to apoptosis and attempts to emphasize the significance of this relationship in context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Sharma
- LSS008, Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Arun K Trivedi
- LSS008, Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India
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