1
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Li Y, Johnson JP, Yang Y, Yu D, Kubo H, Berretta RM, Wang T, Zhang X, Foster M, Yu J, Tilley DG, Houser SR, Chen X. Effects of maternal hypothyroidism on postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac disease responses of the progeny. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H702-H719. [PMID: 37539452 PMCID: PMC10659327 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00320.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal hypothyroidism (MH) could adversely affect the cardiac disease responses of the progeny. This study tested the hypothesis that MH reduces early postnatal cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation so that the adult heart of MH progeny has a smaller number of larger cardiac myocytes, which imparts adverse cardiac disease responses following injury. Thyroidectomy (TX) was used to establish MH. The progeny from mice that underwent sham or TX surgery were termed Ctrl (control) or MH (maternal hypothyroidism) progeny, respectively. MH progeny had similar heart weight (HW) to body weight (BW) ratios and larger CM size consistent with fewer CMs at postnatal day 60 (P60) compared with Ctrl (control) progeny. MH progeny had lower numbers of EdU+, Ki67+, and phosphorylated histone H3 (PH3)+ CMs, which suggests they had a decreased CM proliferation in the postnatal timeframe. RNA-seq data showed that genes related to DNA replication were downregulated in P5 MH hearts, including bone morphogenetic protein 10 (Bmp10). Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed Bmp10 treatment increased CM proliferation. After transverse aortic constriction (TAC), the MH progeny had more severe cardiac pathological remodeling compared with the Ctrl progeny. Thyroid hormone (T4) treatment for MH mothers preserved their progeny's postnatal CM proliferation capacity and prevented excessive pathological remodeling after TAC. Our results suggest that CM proliferation during early postnatal development was significantly reduced in MH progeny, resulting in fewer CMs with hypertrophy in adulthood. These changes were associated with more severe cardiac disease responses after pressure overload.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study shows that compared with Ctrl (control) progeny, the adult progeny of mothers who have MH (MH progeny) had fewer CMs. This reduction of CM numbers was associated with decreased postnatal CM proliferation. Gene expression studies showed a reduced expression of Bmp10 in MH progeny. Bmp10 has been linked to myocyte proliferation. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that Bmp10 treatment of MH progeny and their myocytes could increase CM proliferation. Differences in CM number and size in adult hearts of MH progeny were linked to more severe cardiac structural and functional remodeling after pressure overload. T4 (synthetic thyroxine) treatment of MH mothers during their pregnancy, prevented the reduction in CM number in their progeny and the adverse response to disease stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jaslyn P Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yijun Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Hajime Kubo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Remus M Berretta
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael Foster
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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2
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Uscategui Calderon M, Gonzalez BA, Yutzey KE. Cardiomyocyte-fibroblast crosstalk in the postnatal heart. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1163331. [PMID: 37077417 PMCID: PMC10106698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1163331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During the postnatal period in mammals, the heart undergoes significant remodeling in response to increased circulatory demands. In the days after birth, cardiac cells, including cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, progressively lose embryonic characteristics concomitant with the loss of the heart’s ability to regenerate. Moreover, postnatal cardiomyocytes undergo binucleation and cell cycle arrest with induction of hypertrophic growth, while cardiac fibroblasts proliferate and produce extracellular matrix (ECM) that transitions from components that support cellular maturation to production of the mature fibrous skeleton of the heart. Recent studies have implicated interactions of cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes within the maturing ECM environment to promote heart maturation in the postnatal period. Here, we review the relationships of different cardiac cell types and the ECM as the heart undergoes both structural and functional changes during development. Recent advances in the field, particularly in several recently published transcriptomic datasets, have highlighted specific signaling mechanisms that underlie cellular maturation and demonstrated the biomechanical interdependence of cardiac fibroblast and cardiomyocyte maturation. There is increasing evidence that postnatal heart development in mammals is dependent on particular ECM components and that resulting changes in biomechanics influence cell maturation. These advances, in definition of cardiac fibroblast heterogeneity and function in relation to cardiomyocyte maturation and the extracellular environment provide, support for complex cell crosstalk in the postnatal heart with implications for heart regeneration and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Uscategui Calderon
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Brittany A. Gonzalez
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Katherine E. Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Katherine E. Yutzey,
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3
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Kawagishi H, Nakada T, Numaga-Tomita T, Larrañaga M, Guo A, Song LS, Yamada M. Cytokine receptor gp130 promotes postnatal proliferation of cardiomyocytes required for the normal functional development of the heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H103-H120. [PMID: 35594067 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00698.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian ventricular cardiomyocytes are premature at birth and exhibit substantial phenotypic changes before weaning. Mouse ventricular myocytes undergo cell division several times after birth; however, the regulatory mechanisms and roles of cardiomyocyte division in postnatal heart development remain unclear. Here, we investigated the physiological role of gp130, the main subunit of multifunctional receptors for the IL-6 family of cytokines, in postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. Pharmacological inhibition of gp130 within the first month after birth induced significant systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in mice. Consistently, mice with postnatal cardiomyocyte-specific gp130 depletion exhibited impaired left ventricular contractility compared to control mice. In these mice, cardiomyocytes exhibited a moderately decreased size and dramatically inhibited proliferation in the left ventricle but not in the right ventricle. Stereological analysis revealed that this change significantly decreased the number of cardiomyocytes in the left ventricle. Furthermore, IL-6 was mainly responsible for promoting ventricular cardiomyocyte proliferation by activating the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Taken together, the IL-6/gp130/JAK/STAT3 axis plays a crucial role in the physiological postnatal proliferation and hypertrophy of left ventricular cardiomyocytes to ensure normal cardiac functional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kawagishi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakada
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takuro Numaga-Tomita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Maite Larrañaga
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ang Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Long-Sheng Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine,Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Mitsuhiko Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
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4
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Li X, Yue Y, Zhang Y, Liao Y, Wang Q, Bian Y, Na J, He A. Continuous live imaging reveals a subtle pathological alteration with cell behaviors in congenital heart malformation. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:14-22. [PMID: 38933910 PMCID: PMC11197809 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To form fully functional four-chambered structure, mammalian heart development undergoes a transient finger-shaped trabeculae, crucial for efficient contraction and exchange for gas and nutrient. Although its developmental origin and direct relevance to congenital heart disease has been studied extensively, the time-resolved cellular mechanism underlying hypotrabeculation remains elusive. Here, we employed in toto live imaging and reconstructed the holistic cell lineages and cellular behavior landscape of control and hypotrabeculed hearts of mouse embryos from E9.5 for up to 24 h. Compared to control, hypotrabeculation in ErbB2 mutants arose mainly through dual mechanisms: both reduced proliferation of trabecular cardiomyocytes from early cell fate segregation and markedly impaired oriented cell division and migration. Further examination of mosaic mutant hearts confirmed alterations in cellular behaviors in a cell autonomous manner. Thus, our work offers a framework for continuous live imaging and digital cell lineage analysis to better understand subtle pathological alterations in congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanzhu Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Youdong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhui Liao
- School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qianhao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunkun Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Na
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aibin He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Naqvi N, Iismaa SE, Graham RM, Husain A. Mechanism-Based Cardiac Regeneration Strategies in Mammals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:747842. [PMID: 34708043 PMCID: PMC8542766 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.747842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure in adults is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It can arise from a variety of diseases, with most resulting in a loss of cardiomyocytes that cannot be replaced due to their inability to replicate, as well as to a lack of resident cardiomyocyte progenitor cells in the adult heart. Identifying and exploiting mechanisms underlying loss of developmental cardiomyocyte replicative capacity has proved to be useful in developing therapeutics to effect adult cardiac regeneration. Of course, effective regeneration of myocardium after injury requires not just expansion of cardiomyocytes, but also neovascularization to allow appropriate perfusion and resolution of injury-induced inflammation and interstitial fibrosis, but also reversal of adverse left ventricular remodeling. In addition to overcoming these challenges, a regenerative therapy needs to be safe and easily translatable. Failure to address these critical issues will delay the translation of regenerative approaches. This review critically analyzes current regenerative approaches while also providing a framework for future experimental studies aimed at enhancing success in regenerating the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawazish Naqvi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Siiri E Iismaa
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert M Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Ahsan Husain
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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6
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Cell proliferation fate mapping reveals regional cardiomyocyte cell-cycle activity in subendocardial muscle of left ventricle. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5784. [PMID: 34599161 PMCID: PMC8486850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration involves the generation of new cardiomyocytes from cycling cardiomyocytes. Understanding cell-cycle activity of pre-existing cardiomyocytes provides valuable information to heart repair and regeneration. However, the anatomical locations and in situ dynamics of cycling cardiomyocytes remain unclear. Here we develop a genetic approach for a temporally seamless recording of cardiomyocyte-specific cell-cycle activity in vivo. We find that the majority of cycling cardiomyocytes are positioned in the subendocardial muscle of the left ventricle, especially in the papillary muscles. Clonal analysis revealed that a subset of cycling cardiomyocytes have undergone cell division. Myocardial infarction and cardiac pressure overload induce regional patterns of cycling cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity requires the Hippo pathway effector YAP. These genetic fate-mapping studies advance our basic understanding of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and generation in cardiac homeostasis, repair, and regeneration. The adult mammalian heart exhibits stubbornly low levels of cardiomyocyte proliferation, leading to high morbidity after injury or heart attack. Here the authors develop an approach for tracking cardiomyocyte cell cycling and show that the majority are located adjacent to the endocardium.
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7
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He L, Pu W, Liu X, Zhang Z, Han M, Li Y, Huang X, Han X, Li Y, Liu K, Shi M, Lai L, Sun R, Wang QD, Ji Y, Tchorz JS, Zhou B. Proliferation tracing reveals regional hepatocyte generation in liver homeostasis and repair. Science 2021; 371:371/6532/eabc4346. [PMID: 33632818 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organ homeostasis is orchestrated by time- and spatially restricted cell proliferation. Studies identifying cells with superior proliferative capacities often rely on the lineage tracing of a subset of cell populations, which introduces a potential selective bias. In this work, we developed a genetic system [proliferation tracer (ProTracer)] by incorporating dual recombinases to seamlessly record the proliferation events of entire cell populations over time in multiple organs. In the mouse liver, ProTracer revealed more hepatocyte proliferation in distinct zones during liver homeostasis, injury repair, and regrowth. Clonal analysis showed that most of the hepatocytes labeled by ProTracer had undergone cell division. By genetically recording proliferation events of entire cell populations, ProTracer enables the unbiased detection of specific cellular compartments with enhanced regenerative capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Maoying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Lai
- Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilin Sun
- Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yong Ji
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jan S Tchorz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Volland C, Schott P, Didié M, Männer J, Unsöld B, Toischer K, Schmidt C, Urlaub H, Nickels K, Knöll R, Schmidt A, Guan K, Hasenfuß G, Seidler T. Control of p21Cip by BRCA1-associated protein is critical for cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression and survival. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:592-604. [PMID: 31286143 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Identifying the key components in cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulation is of relevance for the understanding of cardiac development and adaptive and maladaptive processes in the adult myocardium. BRCA1-associated protein (BRAP) has been suggested as a cytoplasmic retention factor for several proteins including Cyclin-dependent-kinase inhibitor p21Cip. We observed profound expressional changes of BRAP in early postnatal myocardium and investigated the impact of BRAP on cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS General knockout of Brap in mice evoked embryonic lethality associated with reduced myocardial wall thickness and lethal cardiac congestion suggesting a prominent role for BRAP in cardiomyocyte proliferation. αMHC-Cre driven cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of Brap also evoked lethal cardiac failure shortly after birth. Likewise, conditional cardiomyocyte-specific Brap deletion using tamoxifen-induced knockout in adult mice resulted in marked ventricular dilatation and heart failure 3 weeks after induction. Several lines of evidence suggest that Brap deletion evoked marked inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. In cardiomyocytes with proliferative capacity, this causes developmental arrest, whereas in adult hearts loss of BRAP-induced apoptosis. This is explained by altered signalling through p21Cip which we identify as the link between BRAP and cell cycle/apoptosis. BRAP deletion enhanced p21Cip expression, while BRAP overexpression in cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic mice impeded p21Cip expression. That was paralleled by enhanced nuclear Ki-67 expression and DNA synthesis. CONCLUSION By controlling p21Cip activity BRAP expression controls cell cycle activity and prevents developmental arrest in developing cardiomyocytes and apoptosis in adult cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Volland
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Schott
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Didié
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Männer
- Group Cardio-Embryology, Institute for Anatomy and Embryology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Unsöld
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl Toischer
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carla Schmidt
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Nickels
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Molecular Genetics, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Knöll
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Molecular Genetics, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Seidler
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Chang Y, Hellwarth PB, Randolph LN, Sun Y, Xing Y, Zhu W, Lian XL, Bao X. Fluorescent indicators for continuous and lineage-specific reporting of cell-cycle phases in human pluripotent stem cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2177-2186. [PMID: 32277708 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proper cell-cycle progression is essential for the self-renewal and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). The fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator (FUCCI) has allowed the dual-color visualization of the G1 and S/G2 /M phases in various dynamic models, but its application in hPSCs is not widely reported. In addition, lineage-specific FUCCI reporters have not yet been developed to analyze complex tissue-specific cell-cycle progression during hPSC differentiation. Desiring a robust tool for spatiotemporal reporting of cell-cycle events in hPSCs, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool and successfully knocked the FUCCI reporter into the AAVS1 safe harbor locus of hPSCs for stable and constitutive FUCCI expression, exhibiting reliable cell-cycle-dependent fluorescence in both hPSCs and their differentiated progeny. We also established a cardiac-specific TNNT2-FUCCI reporter for lineage-specific cell-cycle monitoring of cardiomyocyte differentiation from hPSCs. This powerful and modular FUCCI system should provide numerous opportunities for studying human cell-cycle activity, and enable the identification and investigation of novel regulators for adult tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Peter B Hellwarth
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Lauren N Randolph
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huck institutes of the Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Yufei Sun
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Yuxian Xing
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Xiaojun Lance Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huck institutes of the Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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10
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Broughton KM, Sussman MA. Adult Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle Detour: Off-ramp to Quiescent Destinations. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:557-567. [PMID: 31262545 PMCID: PMC6703820 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ability to promote completion of mitotic cycling of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes remains an intractable and vexing challenge, despite being one of the most sought after 'holy grails' of cardiovascular research. While some of the struggle is attributable to adult cardiomyocytes themselves that are notoriously post-mitotic, another contributory factor rests with difficulty in definitive tracking of adult cardiomyocyte cell cycle and lack of rigorous measures to track proliferation in situ. This review summarizes past, present, and future directions to promote adult mammalian cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression, proliferation, and renewal. Establishing relationship(s) between cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression and cellular biological properties is sorely needed to understand the mechanistic basis for cardiomyocyte cell cycle withdrawal to enhance cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression and mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Broughton
- San Diego State University, Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- San Diego State University, Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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11
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Advances in heart regeneration based on cardiomyocyte proliferation and regenerative potential of binucleated cardiomyocytes and polyploidization. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1229-1253. [PMID: 31175264 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One great achievement in medical practice is the reduction in acute mortality of myocardial infarction due to identifying risk factors, antiplatelet therapy, optimized hospitalization and acute percutaneous coronary intervention. Yet, the prevalence of heart failure is increasing presenting a major socio-economic burden. Thus, there is a great need for novel therapies that can reverse damage inflicted to the heart. In recent years, data have accumulated suggesting that induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation might be a future option for cardiac regeneration. Here, we review the relevant literature since September 2015 concluding that it remains a challenge to verify that a therapy induces indeed cardiomyocyte proliferation. Most importantly, it is unclear that the detected increase in cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity is required for an associated improved function. In addition, we review the literature regarding the evidence that binucleated and polyploid mononucleated cardiomyocytes can divide, and put this in context to other cell types. Our analysis shows that there is significant evidence that binucleated cardiomyocytes can divide. Yet, it remains elusive whether also polyploid mononucleated cardiomyocytes can divide, how efficient proliferation of binucleated cardiomyocytes can be induced, what mechanism regulates cell cycle progression in these cells, and what fate and physiological properties the daughter cells have. In summary, we propose to standardize and independently validate cardiac regeneration studies, encourage the field to study the proliferative potential of binucleated and polyploid mononucleated cardiomyocytes, and to determine whether induction of polyploidization can enhance cardiac function post-injury.
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Zhang Y, Gago-Lopez N, Li N, Zhang Z, Alver N, Liu Y, Martinson AM, Mehri A, MacLellan WR. Single-cell imaging and transcriptomic analyses of endogenous cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and cycling. Cell Discov 2019; 5:30. [PMID: 31231540 PMCID: PMC6547664 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-019-0095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is recognized that there are low levels of new cardiomyocyte (CM) formation throughout life, the source of these new CM generates much debate. One hypothesis is that these new CMs arise from the proliferation of existing CMs potentially after dedifferentiation although direct evidence for this is lacking. Here we explore the mechanisms responsible for CM renewal in vivo using multi-reporter transgenic mouse models featuring efficient adult CM (ACM) genetic cell fate mapping and real-time cardiomyocyte lineage and dedifferentiation reporting. Our results demonstrate that non-myocytes (e.g., cardiac progenitor cells) contribute negligibly to new ACM formation at baseline or after cardiac injury. In contrast, we found a significant increase in dedifferentiated, cycling CMs in post-infarct hearts. ACM cell cycling was enhanced within the dedifferentiated CM population. Single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that CMs identified with dedifferentiation reporters had significant down-regulation in gene networks for cardiac hypertrophy, contractile, and electrical function, with shifts in metabolic pathways, but up-regulation in signaling pathways and gene sets for active cell cycle, proliferation, and cell survival. The results demonstrate that dedifferentiation may be an important prerequisite for CM proliferation and explain the limited but measurable cardiac myogenesis seen after myocardial infarction (MI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhang
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Nuria Gago-Lopez
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ning Li
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,4State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhe Zhang
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Naima Alver
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Yonggang Liu
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Amy M Martinson
- 2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,5Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Avin Mehri
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - William Robb MacLellan
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,6Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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13
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Williams R. Circulation Research "In This Issue" Anthology. Circ Res 2019; 120:e58-e84. [PMID: 28596178 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Cao T, Liccardo D, LaCanna R, Zhang X, Lu R, Finck BN, Leigh T, Chen X, Drosatos K, Tian Y. Fatty Acid Oxidation Promotes Cardiomyocyte Proliferation Rate but Does Not Change Cardiomyocyte Number in Infant Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:42. [PMID: 30968022 PMCID: PMC6440456 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte proliferation accounts for the increase of cardiac muscle during fetal mammalian heart development. Shortly after birth, cardiomyocyte transits from hyperplasia to hypertrophic growth. Here, we have investigated the role of fatty acid β-oxidation in cardiomyocyte proliferation and hypertrophic growth during early postnatal life in mice. A transient wave of increased cell cycle activity of cardiomyocyte was observed between postnatal day 3 and 5, that proceeded as cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth and maturation. Assessment of cardiomyocyte metabolism in neonatal mouse heart revealed a myocardial metabolic shift from glycolysis to fatty acid β-oxidation that coincided with the burst of cardiomyocyte cell cycle reactivation and hypertrophic growth. Inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation metabolism in infant mouse heart delayed cardiomyocyte cell cycle exit, hypertrophic growth and maturation. By contrast, pharmacologic and genetic activation of PPARα, a major regulator of cardiac fatty acid metabolism, induced fatty acid β-oxidation and initially promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation rate in infant mice. As the cell cycle proceeded, activation of PPARα-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation promoted cardiomyocytes hypertrophic growth and maturation, which led to cell cycle exit. As a consequence, activation of PPARα-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation did not alter the total number of cardiomyocytes in infant mice. These findings indicate a unique role of fatty acid β-oxidation in regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation and hypertrophic growth in infant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ryan LaCanna
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Brian N Finck
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tani Leigh
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The adult mammalian heart is incapable of meaningful functional recovery after injury, and thus promoting heart regeneration is 1 of the most important therapeutic targets in cardiovascular medicine. In contrast to the adult mammalian heart, the neonatal mammalian heart is capable of regeneration after various types of injury. Since the first report in 2011, a number of groups have reported their findings on neonatal heart regeneration. The current review provides a comprehensive analysis of heart regeneration studies in neonatal mammals conducted to date, outlines lessons learned, and poses unanswered questions. METHODS We performed a PubMed search using the keywords "neonatal" and "heart" and "regeneration." In addition, we assessed all publications that cited the first neonatal heart regeneration reports: Porrello et al, Science, Feb 2011 for apical resection injury; Porrello et al, PNAS, Dec 2012 for coronary ligation injury; and Mahmoud et al, Nature Methods, Jan 2014 for surgical methodology. Publications were examined for surgical models used, timing of surgery, and postinjury assessment including anatomic, histological, and functional assessment, as well as conclusions drawn. RESULTS We found 30 publications that performed neonatal apical resection, 19 publications that performed neonatal myocardial infarction by coronary artery ligation, and 6 publications that performed cryoinjury using liquid nitrogen-cooled metal probes. Both apical resection and ischemic infarction injury in neonatal mice result in a robust regenerative response, mediated by cardiomyocyte proliferation. On the other hand, several reports have demonstrated that cryoinjury is associated with incomplete heart regeneration in neonatal mice. Not surprisingly, several studies suggest that injury size, as well as surgical and histological techniques, can strongly influence the observed regenerative response and final conclusions. Studies have utilized these neonatal cardiac injury models to identify factors that either inhibit or stimulate heart regeneration. CONCLUSIONS Overall, there is consensus that both apical resection and coronary ligation injuries during the first 2 days of life result in heart regeneration in neonatal mammals, whereas cryoinjury was not associated with a similar regenerative response. This regenerative response is mediated by proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes, and is modifiable by injury size and surgical technique, as well as metabolic, immunologic, genetic, and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (N.T.L and H.A.S.)
| | - Hesham A Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (N.T.L and H.A.S.).,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine (H.A.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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16
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Abstract
Death of adult cardiac myocytes and supportive tissues resulting from cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction is the proximal driver of pathological ventricular remodeling that often culminates in heart failure. Unfortunately, no currently available therapeutic barring heart transplantation can directly replenish myocytes lost from the injured heart. For decades, the field has struggled to define the intrinsic capacity and cellular sources for endogenous myocyte turnover in pursuing more innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at regenerating the injured heart. Although controversy persists to this day as to the best therapeutic regenerative strategy to use, a growing consensus has been reached that the very limited capacity for new myocyte formation in the adult mammalian heart is because of proliferation of existing cardiac myocytes but not because of the activity of an endogenous progenitor cell source of some sort. Hence, future therapeutic approaches should take into consideration the fundamental biology of myocyte renewal in designing strategies to potentially replenish these cells in the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- From the Department of Pediatrics (R.J.V., J.D.M.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J.D.M.)
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; and the Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (S.R.H.)
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18
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Sereti KI, Nguyen NB, Kamran P, Zhao P, Ranjbarvaziri S, Park S, Sabri S, Engel JL, Sung K, Kulkarni RP, Ding Y, Hsiai TK, Plath K, Ernst J, Sahoo D, Mikkola HKA, Iruela-Arispe ML, Ardehali R. Analysis of cardiomyocyte clonal expansion during mouse heart development and injury. Nat Commun 2018; 9:754. [PMID: 29467410 PMCID: PMC5821855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms driving cardiac tissue formation remain poorly understood, largely due to the structural and functional complexity of the heart. It is unclear whether newly generated myocytes originate from cardiac stem/progenitor cells or from pre-existing cardiomyocytes that re-enter the cell cycle. Here, we identify the source of new cardiomyocytes during mouse development and after injury. Our findings suggest that cardiac progenitors maintain proliferative potential and are the main source of cardiomyocytes during development; however, the onset of αMHC expression leads to reduced cycling capacity. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a proliferative, "progenitor-like" population abundant in early embryonic stages that decreases to minimal levels postnatally. Furthermore, cardiac injury by ligation of the left anterior descending artery was found to activate cardiomyocyte proliferation in neonatal but not adult mice. Our data suggest that clonal dominance of differentiating progenitors mediates cardiac development, while a distinct subpopulation of cardiomyocytes may have the potential for limited proliferation during late embryonic development and shortly after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina-Ioanna Sereti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ngoc B Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Paniz Kamran
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sara Ranjbarvaziri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shuin Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shan Sabri
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,UCLA Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - James L Engel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kevin Sung
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rajan P Kulkarni
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yichen Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kathrin Plath
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,UCLA Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jason Ernst
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,UCLA Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hanna K A Mikkola
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Ivey MJ, Kuwabara JT, Pai JT, Moore RE, Sun Z, Tallquist MD. Resident fibroblast expansion during cardiac growth and remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 114:161-174. [PMID: 29158033 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, denoted by the deposition of extracellular matrix, manifests with a variety of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and myocardial infarction. Underlying this pathological extracellular matrix secretion is an expansion of fibroblasts. The mouse is now a common experimental model system for the study of cardiovascular remodeling and elucidation of fibroblast responses to cardiac growth and stress is vital for understanding disease processes. Here, using diverse but fibroblast specific markers, we report murine fibroblast distribution and proliferation in early postnatal, adult, and injured hearts. We find that perinatal fibroblasts and endothelial cells proliferate at similar rates. Furthermore, regardless of the injury model, fibroblast proliferation peaks within the first week after injury, a time window similar to the period of the inflammatory phase. In addition, fibroblast densities remain high weeks after the initial insult. These results provide detailed information regarding fibroblast distribution and proliferation in experimental methods of heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malina J Ivey
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Jill T Kuwabara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Jonathan T Pai
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Richard E Moore
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Bioengineering, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Zuyue Sun
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Michelle D Tallquist
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
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20
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Graham E, Bergmann O. Dating the Heart: Exploring Cardiomyocyte Renewal in Humans. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:33-41. [PMID: 27927803 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00015.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative mechanisms reported in the hearts of lower vertebrates have been recapitulated in the mammalian milieu, and recent studies have provided strong evidence for cardiomyocyte turnover in humans. These findings speak to an emerging consensus that adult mammalian cardiomyocytes do have the ability to divide, and it stands to reason that enrichment of this innate proliferative capacity should prove essential for complete cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Graham
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Olaf Bergmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and.,DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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21
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Touma M, Kang X, Gao F, Zhao Y, Cass AA, Biniwale R, Xiao X, Eghbali M, Coppola G, Reemtsen B, Wang Y. Wnt11 regulates cardiac chamber development and disease during perinatal maturation. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94904. [PMID: 28878122 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular chamber growth and development during perinatal circulatory transition is critical for functional adaptation of the heart. However, the chamber-specific programs of neonatal heart growth are poorly understood. We used integrated systems genomic and functional biology analyses of the perinatal chamber specific transcriptome and we identified Wnt11 as a prominent regulator of chamber-specific proliferation. Importantly, downregulation of Wnt11 expression was associated with cyanotic congenital heart defect (CHD) phenotypes and correlated with O2 saturation levels in hypoxemic infants with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Perinatal hypoxia treatment in mice suppressed Wnt11 expression and induced myocyte proliferation more robustly in the right ventricle, modulating Rb1 protein activity. Wnt11 inactivation was sufficient to induce myocyte proliferation in perinatal mouse hearts and reduced Rb1 protein and phosphorylation in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Finally, downregulated Wnt11 in hypoxemic TOF infantile hearts was associated with Rb1 suppression and induction of proliferation markers. This study revealed a previously uncharacterized function of Wnt11-mediated signaling as an important player in programming the chamber-specific growth of the neonatal heart. This function influences the chamber-specific development and pathogenesis in response to hypoxia and cyanotic CHDs. Defining the underlying regulatory mechanism may yield chamber-specific therapies for infants born with CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlin Touma
- The Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute (CDI), Department of Pediatrics.,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory
| | - Xuedong Kang
- The Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute (CDI), Department of Pediatrics.,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory
| | | | - Yan Zhao
- The Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute (CDI), Department of Pediatrics.,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yibin Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory.,Department of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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22
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Abstract
Efficient cardiac regeneration is closely associated with the ability of cardiac myocytes to proliferate. Fetal or neonatal mouse hearts containing proliferating cardiac myocytes regenerate even extensive injuries, whereas adult hearts containing mostly post-mitotic cardiac myocytes have lost this ability. The same correlation is seen in some homoiotherm species such as teleost fish and urodelian amphibians leading to the hypothesis that cardiac myocyte proliferation is a major driver of heart regeneration. Although cardiomyocyte proliferation might not be the only prerequisite to restore full organ function after cardiac damage, induction of cardiac myocyte proliferation is an attractive therapeutic option to cure the injured heart and prevent heart failure. To (re)initiate cardiac myocyte proliferation in adult mammalian hearts, a thorough understanding of the molecular circuitry governing cardiac myocyte cell cycle regulation is required. Here, we review the current knowledge in the field focusing on the withdrawal of cardiac myocytes from the cell cycle during the transition from neonatal to adult stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Yuan
- From the Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (X.Y., T.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine II, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Member of the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (T.B.)
| | - Thomas Braun
- From the Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (X.Y., T.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine II, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Member of the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany (T.B.).
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23
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Novel large-particle FACS purification of adult ventricular myocytes reveals accumulation of myosin and actin disproportionate to cell size and proteome in normal post-weaning development. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 111:114-122. [PMID: 28780067 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Quantifying cellular proteins in ventricular myocytes (MCs) is challenging due to tissue heterogeneity and the variety of cell sizes in the heart. In post-weaning cardiac ontogeny, rod-shaped MCs make up the majority of the cardiac mass while remaining a minority of cardiac cells in number. Current biochemical analyses of cardiac proteins do not correlate well the content of MC-specific proteins to cell type or size in normally developing tissue. OBJECTIVE To develop a new large-particle fluorescent-activated cell sorting (LP-FACS) strategy for the purification of adult rod-shaped MCs. This approach is developed to enable growth-scaled measurements per-cell of the MC proteome and sarcomeric proteins (i.e. myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and alpha-actin (α-actin)) content. METHODS AND RESULTS Individual cardiac cells were isolated from 21 to 94days old mice. An LP-FACS jet-in-air system with a 200-μm nozzle was defined for the first time to purify adult MCs. Cell-type specific immunophenotyping and sorting yielded ≥95% purity of adult MCs independently of cell morphology and size. This approach excluded other cell types and tissue contaminants from further analysis. MC proteome, MyHC and α-actin proteins were measured in linear biochemical assays normalized to cell numbers. Using the allometric coefficient α, we scaled the MC-specific rate of protein accumulation to growth post-weaning. MC-specific volumes (α=1.02) and global protein accumulation (α=0.94) were proportional (i.e. isometric) to body mass. In contrast, MyHC and α-actin accumulated at a much greater rate (i.e. hyperallometric) than body mass (α=1.79 and 2.19 respectively) and MC volumes (α=1.76 and 1.45 respectively). CONCLUSION Changes in MC proteome and cell volumes measured in LP-FACS purified MCs are proportional to body mass post-weaning. Oppositely, MyHC and α-actin are concentrated more rapidly than what would be expected from MC proteome accumulation, cell enlargement, or animal growth alone. LP-FACS provides a new standard for adult MC purification and an approach to scale the biochemical content of specific proteins or group of proteins per cell in enlarging MCs.
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24
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Ai S, Peng Y, Li C, Gu F, Yu X, Yue Y, Ma Q, Chen J, Lin Z, Zhou P, Xie H, Prendiville TW, Zheng W, Liu Y, Orkin SH, Wang DZ, Yu J, Pu WT, He A. EED orchestration of heart maturation through interaction with HDACs is H3K27me3-independent. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28394251 PMCID: PMC5400508 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In proliferating cells, where most Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) studies have been performed, gene repression is associated with PRC2 trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me3). However, it is uncertain whether PRC2 writing of H3K27me3 is mechanistically required for gene silencing. Here, we studied PRC2 function in postnatal mouse cardiomyocytes, where the paucity of cell division obviates bulk H3K27me3 rewriting after each cell cycle. EED (embryonic ectoderm development) inactivation in the postnatal heart (EedCKO) caused lethal dilated cardiomyopathy. Surprisingly, gene upregulation in EedCKO was not coupled with loss of H3K27me3. Rather, the activating histone mark H3K27ac increased. EED interacted with histone deacetylases (HDACs) and enhanced their catalytic activity. HDAC overexpression normalized EedCKO heart function and expression of derepressed genes. Our results uncovered a non-canonical, H3K27me3-independent EED repressive mechanism that is essential for normal heart function. Our results further illustrate that organ dysfunction due to epigenetic dysregulation can be corrected by epigenetic rewiring. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24570.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Xianhong Yu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhu Yue
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Pingzhu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Huafeng Xie
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | | | - Wen Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuli Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Aibin He
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
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25
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Karra R, Poss KD. Redirecting cardiac growth mechanisms for therapeutic regeneration. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:427-436. [PMID: 28145902 DOI: 10.1172/jci89786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a major source of morbidity and mortality. Replacing lost myocardium with new tissue is a major goal of regenerative medicine. Unlike adult mammals, zebrafish and neonatal mice are capable of heart regeneration following cardiac injury. In both contexts, the regenerative program echoes molecular and cellular events that occur during cardiac development and morphogenesis, notably muscle creation through division of cardiomyocytes. Based on studies over the past decade, it is now accepted that the adult mammalian heart undergoes a low grade of cardiomyocyte turnover. Recent data suggest that this cardiomyocyte turnover can be augmented in the adult mammalian heart by redeployment of developmental factors. These findings and others suggest that stimulating endogenous regenerative responses can emerge as a therapeutic strategy for human cardiovascular disease.
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26
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Hirai M, Arita Y, McGlade CJ, Lee KF, Chen J, Evans SM. Adaptor proteins NUMB and NUMBL promote cell cycle withdrawal by targeting ERBB2 for degradation. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:569-582. [PMID: 28067668 PMCID: PMC5272190 DOI: 10.1172/jci91081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of trabecular myocytes to undergo appropriate cell cycle withdrawal leads to ventricular noncompaction and heart failure. Signaling of growth factor receptor ERBB2 is critical for myocyte proliferation and trabeculation. However, the mechanisms underlying appropriate downregulation of trabecular ERBB2 signaling are little understood. Here, we have found that the endocytic adaptor proteins NUMB and NUMBL were required for downregulation of ERBB2 signaling in maturing trabeculae. Loss of NUMB and NUMBL resulted in a partial block of late endosome formation, resulting in sustained ERBB2 signaling and STAT5 activation. Unexpectedly, activated STAT5 overrode Hippo-mediated inhibition and drove YAP1 to the nucleus. Consequent aberrant cardiomyocyte proliferation resulted in ventricular noncompaction that was markedly rescued by heterozygous loss of function of either ERBB2 or YAP1. Further investigations revealed that NUMB and NUMBL interacted with small GTPase Rab7 to transition ERBB2 from early to late endosome for degradation. Our studies provide insight into mechanisms by which NUMB and NUMBL promote cardiomyocyte cell cycle withdrawal and highlight previously unsuspected connections between pathways that are important for cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry, with relevance to ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maretoshi Hirai
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yoh Arita
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - C. Jane McGlade
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kuo-Fen Lee
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Sylvia M. Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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27
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Kranzhöfer DK, Gilsbach R, Grüning BA, Backofen R, Nührenberg TG, Hein L. 5'-Hydroxymethylcytosine Precedes Loss of CpG Methylation in Enhancers and Genes Undergoing Activation in Cardiomyocyte Maturation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166575. [PMID: 27851806 PMCID: PMC5112848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiomyocytes undergo major changes in DNA methylation during maturation and transition to a non-proliferative state after birth. 5’-hydroxylation of methylated cytosines (5hmC) is not only involved in DNA loss of CpG methylation but is also thought to be an epigenetic mark with unique distribution and functions. Here, we sought to get insight into the dynamics of 5’-hydroxymethylcytosine in newborn and adult cardiomyocytes. Methods Cardiomyocyte nuclei from newborn and adult C57BL/6 mice were purified by flow cytometric sorting. 5hmC-containing DNA was captured by selective chemical labeling, followed by deep sequencing. Sequencing reads of library replicates were mapped independently (n = 3 for newborn, n = 2 for adult mice) and merged for further analysis steps. 5hmC coverage was normalized to read length and the total number of mapped reads (RPKM). MethylC-Seq, ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq data sets of newborn and adult cardiomyocytes served to elucidate specific features of 5hmC at gene bodies and around low methylated regions (LMRs) representing regulatory genomic regions with enhancer function. Results 163,544 and 315,220 5hmC peaks were identified in P1 and adult cardiomyocytes, respectively. Of these peaks, 66,641 were common between P1 and adult cardiomyocytes with more than 50% reciprocal overlap. P1 and adult 5hmC peaks were overrepresented in genic features such as exons, introns, 3’- and 5’-untranslated regions (UTRs), promotors and transcription end sites (TES). During cardiomyocyte maturation, 5hmC was found to be enriched at sites of subsequent DNA loss of CpG methylation such as gene bodies of upregulated genes (i.e. Atp2a2, Tnni3, Mb, Pdk4). Additionally, centers of postnatally established enhancers were premarked by 5hmC before DNA loss of CpG methylation. Conclusions Simultaneous analysis of 5hmC-Seq, MethylC-Seq, RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data at two defined time points of cardiomyocyte maturation demonstrates that 5hmC is positively associated with gene expression and decorates sites of subsequent DNA loss of CpG methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Kranzhöfer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn A. Grüning
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Backofen
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas G. Nührenberg
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- University Heart Center Freiburg • Bad Krozingen, Department for Cardiology und Angiology II, Bad Krozingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (TN); (LH)
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (TN); (LH)
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28
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Malliaras K, Vakrou S, Kapelios CJ, Nanas JN. Innate heart regeneration: endogenous cellular sources and exogenous therapeutic amplification. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:1341-1352. [PMID: 27484198 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1218846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The -once viewed as heretical- concept of the adult mammalian heart as a dynamic organ capable of endogenous regeneration has recently gained traction. However, estimated rates of myocyte turnover vary wildly and the underlying mechanisms of cardiac plasticity remain controversial. It is still unclear whether the adult mammalian heart gives birth to new myocytes through proliferation of resident myocytes, through cardiomyogenic differentiation of endogenous progenitors or through both mechanisms. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors discuss the cellular origins of postnatal mammalian cardiomyogenesis and touch upon therapeutic strategies that could potentially amplify innate cardiac regeneration. EXPERT OPINION The adult mammalian heart harbors a limited but detectable capacity for spontaneous endogenous regeneration. During normal aging, proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes is the dominant mechanism for generation of new cardiomyocytes. Following myocardial injury, myocyte proliferation increases modestly, but differentiation of endogenous progenitor cells appears to also contribute to cardiomyogenesis (although agreement on the latter point is not universal). Since cardiomyocyte deficiency underlies almost all types of heart disease, development of therapeutic strategies that amplify endogenous regeneration to a clinically-meaningful degree is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Malliaras
- a 3rd Department of Cardiology , University of Athens School of Medicine , Athens , Greece
| | - Styliani Vakrou
- a 3rd Department of Cardiology , University of Athens School of Medicine , Athens , Greece
| | - Chris J Kapelios
- a 3rd Department of Cardiology , University of Athens School of Medicine , Athens , Greece
| | - John N Nanas
- a 3rd Department of Cardiology , University of Athens School of Medicine , Athens , Greece
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29
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Foglia MJ, Poss KD. Building and re-building the heart by cardiomyocyte proliferation. Development 2016; 143:729-40. [PMID: 26932668 DOI: 10.1242/dev.132910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The adult human heart does not regenerate significant amounts of lost tissue after injury. Rather than making new, functional muscle, human hearts are prone to scarring and hypertrophy, which can often lead to fatal arrhythmias and heart failure. The most-cited basis of this ineffective cardiac regeneration in mammals is the low proliferative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes. However, mammalian cardiomyocytes can avidly proliferate during fetal and neonatal development, and both adult zebrafish and neonatal mice can regenerate cardiac muscle after injury, suggesting that latent regenerative potential exists. Dissecting the cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote cardiomyocyte proliferation throughout life, deciphering why proliferative capacity normally dissipates in adult mammals, and deriving means to boost this capacity are primary goals in cardiovascular research. Here, we review our current understanding of how cardiomyocyte proliferation is regulated during heart development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Foglia
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Maretoshi Hirai
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paola Cattaneo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Bergmann
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (O.B.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.B.)
| | - Thomas Braun
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (O.B.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.B.).
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32
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Zebrowski DC, Becker R, Engel FB. Towards regenerating the mammalian heart: challenges in evaluating experimentally induced adult mammalian cardiomyocyte proliferation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1045-54. [PMID: 26921436 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00697.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in research aimed at regenerating the mammalian heart by promoting endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation. Despite many encouraging successes, it remains unclear if we are any closer to achieving levels of mammalian cardiomyocyte proliferation for regeneration as seen during zebrafish regeneration. Furthermore, current cardiac regenerative approaches do not clarify whether the induced cardiomyocyte proliferation is an epiphenomena or responsible for the observed improvement in cardiac function. Moreover, due to the lack of standardized protocols to determine cardiomyocyte proliferation in vivo, it remains unclear if one mammalian regenerative factor is more effective than another. Here, we discuss current methods to identify and evaluate factors for the induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation and challenges therein. Addressing challenges in evaluating adult cardiomyocyte proliferation will assist in determining 1) which regenerative factors should be pursued in large animal studies; 2) if a particular level of cell cycle regulation presents a better therapeutic target than another (e.g., mitogenic receptors vs. cyclins); and 3) which combinatorial approaches offer the greatest likelihood of success. As more and more regenerative studies come to pass, progress will require a system that not only can evaluate efficacy in an objective manner but can also consolidate observations in a meaningful way.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Zebrowski
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Becker
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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