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Huang B, Chen A, Sun Y, He Q. The Role of Aging in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Brain Sci 2024; 14:613. [PMID: 38928613 PMCID: PMC11201415 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the cerebrovascular disease with the highest disability and mortality rates, causing severe damage to the health of patients and imposing a significant socioeconomic burden. Aging stands as a foremost risk factor for ICH, with a significant escalation in ICH incidence within the elderly demographic, highlighting a close association between ICH and aging. In recent years, with the acceleration of the "aging society" trend, exploring the intricate relationship between aging and ICH has become increasingly urgent and worthy of in-depth attention. We have summarized the characteristics of ICH in the elderly, reviewing how aging influences the onset and development of ICH by examining its etiology and the mechanisms of damage via ICH. Additionally, we explored the potential impacts of ICH on accelerated aging, including its effects on cognitive abilities, quality of life, and lifespan. This review aims to reveal the connection between aging and ICH, providing new ideas and insights for future ICH research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Quanwei He
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Li Z, Williams H, Jackson ML, Johnson JL, George SJ. WISP-1 Regulates Cardiac Fibrosis by Promoting Cardiac Fibroblasts' Activation and Collagen Processing. Cells 2024; 13:989. [PMID: 38891121 PMCID: PMC11172092 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension induces cardiac fibrotic remodelling characterised by the phenotypic switching of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and collagen deposition. We tested the hypothesis that Wnt1-inducible signalling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1) promotes CFs' phenotypic switch, type I collagen synthesis, and in vivo fibrotic remodelling. The treatment of human CFs (HCFs, n = 16) with WISP-1 (500 ng/mL) induced a phenotypic switch (α-smooth muscle actin-positive) and type I procollagen cleavage to an intermediate form of collagen (pC-collagen) in conditioned media after 24h, facilitating collagen maturation. WISP-1-induced collagen processing was mediated by Akt phosphorylation via integrin β1, and disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 2 (ADAMTS-2). WISP-1 wild-type (WISP-1+/+) mice and WISP-1 knockout (WISP-1-/-) mice (n = 5-7) were subcutaneously infused with angiotensin II (AngII, 1000 ng/kg/min) for 28 days. Immunohistochemistry revealed the deletion of WISP-1 attenuated type I collagen deposition in the coronary artery perivascular area compared to WISP-1+/+ mice after a 28-day AngII infusion, and therefore, the deletion of WISP-1 attenuated AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis in vivo. Collectively, our findings demonstrated WISP-1 is a critical mediator in cardiac fibrotic remodelling, by promoting CFs' activation via the integrin β1-Akt signalling pathway, and induced collagen processing and maturation via ADAMTS-2. Thereby, the modulation of WISP-1 levels could provide potential therapeutic targets in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Li
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (M.L.J.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Helen Williams
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (M.L.J.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Molly L. Jackson
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (M.L.J.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Jason L. Johnson
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (M.L.J.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Sarah J. George
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (M.L.J.); (J.L.J.)
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
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Cai JR, Zhang NN, Cui Y, Ning YX, Wu Q, Zhang YN, Chen HS. Baseline systolic blood pressure, hypertension history, and efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024. [PMID: 38831636 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a post hoc exploratory analysis of Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke (RICAMIS) to determine whether hypertension history and baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) affect the efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC). METHODS Based on the full analysis set of RICAMIS, patients were divided into hypertension versus non-hypertension group, or <140 mmHg versus ≥140 mmHg group. Each group was further subdivided into RIC and control subgroups. The primary outcome was modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-1 at 90 days. Efficacy of RIC was compared among patients with hypertension versus nonhypertension history and SBP of <140 mmHg versus ≥140 mmHg. Furthermore, the interaction effect of treatment with hypertension and SBP was assessed. RESULTS Compared with control group, RIC produced a significantly higher proportion of patients with excellent functional outcome in the nonhypertension group (RIC vs. control: 65.7% vs. 57.0%, OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.06-1.98; p = 0.02), but no significant difference was observed in the hypertension group (RIC vs. control: 69.1% vs. 65.2%, p = 0.17). Similar results were observed in SBP ≥140 mmHg group (RIC vs. control: 68.0% vs. 61.2%, p = 0.009) and SBP <140 mmHg group (RIC vs. control: 65.6% vs. 64.7%, p = 0.77). No interaction effect of RIC on primary outcome was identified. INTERPRETATION Hypertension and baseline SBP did not affect the neuroprotective effect of RIC, but they were associated with higher probability of excellent functional outcome in patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke who received RIC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ru Cai
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University in the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue-Xin Ning
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Na Zhang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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Spahia N, Rroji M, Idrizi A, Spasovski G, Barbullushi M. Sodium and water dynamics in the progression of chronic kidney disease: mechanisms and clinical significance. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1953-1963. [PMID: 38200365 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03903-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM Lifestyle modifications can postpone the progression of chronic kidney disease toward its terminal stage. This mini-review aims to explore the impact of salt and water intake on the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and provide insights into the optimal consumption levels to preserve the glomerular filtration rate. METHODS We reviewed relevant literature to examine the association between salt and water consumption and CKD progression. Our analysis includes discussions on the pathophysiology, findings from clinical trials, and recommended intake guidelines. RESULTS Sodium intake, often linked to cardiovascular risk and CKD progression, has shown a complex J-shaped association in some studies, leading to uncertainty about the ideal salt intake level. Sodium and fluid retention are key factors contributing to hypertension, a well-established risk factor for CKD progression. Low-sodium diets have demonstrated promise in reducing blood pressure and enhancing the effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in non-dialysis CKD patients. However, a debate persists regarding the independent effect of salt restriction on CKD progression. Despite medical recommendations, salt consumption remains high among CKD patients. Additionally, the role of water consumption in CKD remains controversial despite its established benefits for CKD prevention in the general population. CONCLUSION Lifestyle modifications involving salt and water intake can influence the progression of CKD. While low-sodium diets have shown potential for mitigating hypertension and proteinuria in non-dialysis CKD patients, their independent impact on CKD progression warrants further investigation. The role of water consumption in CKD remains uncertain, and there is a need for additional research in this area. Clinicians should consider individualized dietary recommendations for CKD patients to help preserve the glomerular filtration rate and improve overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nereida Spahia
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Center "Mother Teresa", Tirana, Albania.
| | - Merita Rroji
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Center "Mother Teresa", Tirana, Albania
| | - Alma Idrizi
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Center "Mother Teresa", Tirana, Albania
| | - Goce Spasovski
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Sts. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Myftar Barbullushi
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Center "Mother Teresa", Tirana, Albania
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De Ornelas B, Sucato V, Vadalà G, Buono A, Galassi AR. Myocardial Bridge and Atherosclerosis, an Intimal Relationship. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024:10.1007/s11883-024-01219-1. [PMID: 38822987 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review investigates the relationship between myocardial bridges (MBs), intimal thickening in coronary arteries, and Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It focuses on the role of mechanical forces, such as circumferential strain, in arterial wall remodeling and aims to clarify how MBs affect coronary artery pathology. REVIEW FINDINGS MBs have been identified as influential in modulating coronary artery intimal thickness, demonstrating a protective effect against thickening within the MB segment and an increase in thickness proximal to the MB. This is attributed to changes in mechanical stress and hemodynamics. Research involving arterial hypertension models and vein graft disease has underscored the importance of circumferential strain in vascular remodeling and intimal hyperplasia. Understanding the complex dynamics between MBs, mechanical strain, and vascular remodeling is crucial for advancing our knowledge of coronary artery disease mechanisms. This could lead to improved management strategies for cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the need for further research into MB-related vascular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin De Ornelas
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Sucato
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vadalà
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Buono
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Poliambulanza Institute, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ruggero Galassi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Padoan F, Guarnaroli M, Brugnara M, Piacentini G, Pietrobelli A, Pecoraro L. Role of Nutrients in Pediatric Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: From Pathogenesis to Correct Supplementation. Biomedicines 2024; 12:911. [PMID: 38672265 PMCID: PMC11048674 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition management is fundamental for children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Fluid balance and low-protein and low-sodium diets are the more stressed fields from a nutritional point of view. At the same time, the role of micronutrients is often underestimated. Starting from the causes that could lead to potential micronutrient deficiencies in these patients, this review considers all micronutrients that could be administered in CKD to improve the prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Milena Brugnara
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy (A.P.)
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Ji C, Wang G, Huang Z, Zhu C, Liu Y. Estimated pulse wave velocity and risk of new-onset heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 38597255 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS As a potential surrogate of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) has been confirmed to independently predict the cardiovascular events, but the association between ePWV and heart failure has not been well confirmed. Therefore, we performed this cohort study to evaluate the association between ePWV and risk of new-onset heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 98 269 employees (mean age: 51.77 ± 12.56 years, male accounted for 79.9%) without prior heart failure who participated in the 2006-2007 health examination were selected as the observation cohort, with an average follow-up of 13.85 ± 1.40 years. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of ePWV was calculated in prediction of heart failure. The adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The category-free net reclassification index (NRI) was calculated to evaluate the reclassification performance of cardiovascular risk models after adding ePWV. The AUC of ePWV was 0.74 in prediction of heart failure. After adjusting for the traditional cardiovascular risk factors except for age and blood pressure, the risk of new-onset heart failure increased by 35% [hazard ratio (HR): 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-1.37] for each 1 m/s increase in ePWV. Subgroup analysis showed that ePWV was significantly associated with incident heart failure regardless of THE presence (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.31-1.36, P < 0.01) or absence (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.46-1.73, P < 0.01) of cardiovascular risk factors, male (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.31-1.36, P < 0.01) or female (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.38-1.51, P < 0.01), young and middle-aged (<52 years) (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.41-1.58, P < 0.01), or middle-aged and elderly (≥52 years) (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.21-1.26, P < 0.01). The addition of ePWV to the traditional cardiovascular risk model including age and mean arterial pressure could significantly improve the reclassification ability by 31.1% (category-free NRI = 0.311, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS ePWV was an independent predictor for new-onset heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, No. 57 Xinhua Rd (East), Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Health Care Center, Kailuan Medical Group, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, No. 57 Xinhua Rd (East), Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Chenrui Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, No. 57 Xinhua Rd (East), Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, No. 57 Xinhua Rd (East), Tangshan, 063000, China
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Melgarejo JD, Gurel K, Compton CR, Liu M, Guzman V, Assuras S, Levin BE, Elkind MSV, Ikram MK, Kavousi M, Ikram MA, Wright C, Crivello F, Laurent A, Tzourio C, Vernooij MW, Rundek T, Zhang Z, Bos D, Gutierrez J. Brain artery diameters and risk of dementia and stroke. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2497-2507. [PMID: 38332543 PMCID: PMC11032539 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We tested the association of brain artery diameters with dementia and stroke risk in three distinct population-based studies using conventional T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. METHODS We included 8420 adults > 40 years old from three longitudinal population-based studies with brain MRI scans. We estimated and meta-analyzed the hazard ratios (HRs) of the brain and carotids and basilar diameters associated with dementia and stroke. RESULT Overall and carotid artery diameters > 95th percentile increased the risk for dementia by 1.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-2.68) and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.12-1.96) fold, respectively. For stroke, meta-analyses yielded HRs of 1.59 (95% CI, 1.04-2.42) for overall arteries and 2.11 (95% CI, 1.45-3.08) for basilar artery diameters > 95th percentile. DISCUSSION Individuals with dilated brain arteries are at higher risk for dementia and stroke, across distinct populations. Our findings underline the potential value of T2-weighted brain MRI-based brain diameter assessment in estimating the risk of dementia and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus D. Melgarejo
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Studies Coordinating CentreResearch Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular EpidemiologyKU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity of Texas Rio Grande ValleyHarlingenTexasUSA
| | - Kursat Gurel
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Cassidy Rose Compton
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Minghua Liu
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Vanessa Guzman
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Stephanie Assuras
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Bonnie E. Levin
- Department of NeurologyMiller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Mitchell S. V. Elkind
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyMailman School of Public Health Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - M. Kamran Ikram
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Clinton Wright
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Institute of Neurodegenerative DiseasesUMR5293, Neurofunctional Imaging GroupBordeauxFrance
| | - Alexandre Laurent
- Institute of Neurodegenerative DiseasesUMR5293, Neurofunctional Imaging GroupBordeauxFrance
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Bordeaux Population Health Research CenterInserm, University BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Meike W. Vernooij
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain InstituteMiller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Zhen‐Yu Zhang
- Studies Coordinating CentreResearch Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular EpidemiologyKU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Daniel Bos
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Studies Coordinating CentreResearch Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular EpidemiologyKU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Jose Gutierrez
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Hopper SE, Weiss D, Mikush N, Jiang B, Spronck B, Cavinato C, Humphrey JD, Figueroa CA. Central Artery Hemodynamics in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Effects of Anesthesia. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1051-1066. [PMID: 38383871 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Systemic hypertension is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular, neurovascular, and renovascular diseases. Central artery stiffness is both an initiator and indicator of hypertension, thus revealing a critical relationship between the wall mechanics and hemodynamics. Mice have emerged as a critical animal model for studying effects of hypertension and much has been learned. Regardless of the specific mouse model, data on changes in cardiac function and hemodynamics are necessarily measured under anesthesia. Here, we present a new experimental-computational workflow to estimate awake cardiovascular conditions from anesthetized data, which was then used to quantify effects of chronic angiotensin II-induced hypertension relative to normotension in wild-type mice. We found that isoflurane anesthesia had a greater impact on depressing hemodynamics in angiotensin II-infused mice than in controls, which led to unexpected results when comparing anesthetized results between the two groups of mice. Through comparison of the awake simulations, however, in vivo relevant effects of angiotensin II-infusion on global and regional vascular structure, properties, and hemodynamics were found to be qualitatively consistent with expectations. Specifically, we found an increased in vivo vascular stiffness in the descending thoracic aorta and suprarenal abdominal aorta, leading to increases in pulse pressure in the distal aorta. These insights allow characterization of the impact of regionally varying vascular remodeling on hemodynamics and mouse-to-mouse variations due to induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Hopper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - N Mikush
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - B Jiang
- Department of Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, 1st Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - B Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C Cavinato
- LMGC, Universite' Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - J D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - C A Figueroa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Miyagawa M, Kojima K, Takahashi K, Nakajima Y, Migita S, Mizobuchi S, Tanaka Y, Fukumoto K, Arai R, Morikawa T, Mineki T, Murata N, Sudo M, Fukamachi D, Okumura Y. Association Between Aortic Wall Parameters on Multidetector Computed Tomography and Ruptured Plaques By Nonobstructive General Angioscopy. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033233. [PMID: 38497463 PMCID: PMC11010013 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonobstructive general angioscopy (NOGA) can identify vulnerable plaques in the aortic lumen that serve as potential risk factors for cardiovascular events such as embolism. However, the association between computed tomography (CT) images and vulnerable plaques detected on NOGA remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated 101 patients (67±11 years; women, 13.8%) who underwent NOGA and contrast-enhanced CT before or after 90 days in our hospital. On CT images, the aortic wall thickness, aortic wall area (AWA), and AWA in the vascular area were measured at the thickest point from the 6th to the 12th thoracic vertebral levels. Furthermore, the association between these measurements and the presence or absence of NOGA-derived aortic plaque ruptures (PRs) at the same vertebral level was assessed. NOGA detected aortic PRs in the aortic lumens at 145 (22.1%) of the 656 vertebral levels. The presence of PRs was significantly associated with greater aortic wall thickness (3.3±1.7 mm versus 2.1±1.2 mm), AWA (1.33±0.68 cm2 versus 0.89±0.49 cm2), and AWA in the vascular area (23.2%±9.3% versus 17.2%±7.6%) (P<0.001 for all) on the CT scans compared with the absence of PRs. The frequency of PRs significantly increased as the aortic wall thickness increased. Notably, a few NOGA-derived PRs were detected on CT in near-normal intima. CONCLUSIONS The presence of NOGA-derived PRs was strongly associated with increased aortic wall thickness, AWA, and AWA in the vascular area, measured using CT. NOGA can detect PRs in the intima that appear almost normal on CT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Miyagawa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Keisuke Kojima
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kurara Takahashi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Nakajima
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shohei Migita
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Saki Mizobuchi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yudai Tanaka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Katsunori Fukumoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Riku Arai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Morikawa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Mineki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Nobuhiro Murata
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Mitsumasa Sudo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Fukamachi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Faraci FM, Scheer FA. Hypertension: Causes and Consequences of Circadian Rhythms in Blood Pressure. Circ Res 2024; 134:810-832. [PMID: 38484034 PMCID: PMC10947115 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is extremely common, affecting approximately 1 in every 2 adults globally. Chronic hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality worldwide. Despite considerable efforts to define mechanisms that underlie hypertension, a potentially major component of the disease, the role of circadian biology has been relatively overlooked in both preclinical models and humans. Although the presence of daily and circadian patterns has been observed from the level of the genome to the whole organism, the functional and structural impact of biological rhythms, including mechanisms such as circadian misalignment, remains relatively poorly defined. Here, we review the impact of daily rhythms and circadian systems in regulating blood pressure and the onset, progression, and consequences of hypertension. There is an emphasis on the impact of circadian biology in relation to vascular disease and end-organ effects that, individually or in combination, contribute to complex phenotypes such as cognitive decline and the loss of cardiac and brain health. Despite effective treatment options for some individuals, control of blood pressure remains inadequate in a substantial portion of the hypertensive population. Greater insight into circadian biology may form a foundation for novel and more widely effective molecular therapies or interventions to help in the prevention, treatment, and management of hypertension and its related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M. Faraci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081
| | - Frank A.J.L. Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
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12
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Philip R, Vijaya L, Balekudaru S, Panda S, Khurana M, David RL, Asokan R, George R. Effect of beta blockers on optical coherence tomography angiography in normal, suspect, and glaucomatous eyes: A prospective study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:432-438. [PMID: 38153967 PMCID: PMC11001229 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1654_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to assess the effect of hypertension, and use of systemic beta blockers (BB) and other antihypertensives on ocular perfusion by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in normal, suspect, and glaucomatous eyes. METHODS Cross-sectional study in tertiary eye care center. Prospectively recruited consenting subjects between 18 and 90 years with or without glaucoma. Measured the optic nerve peripapillary perfusion and flux and macular vessel density (MVD: 6 × 6 and 3 × 3 mm) in the superficial retinal layer using OCTA. RESULTS Included 200 eyes (112 patients). Compared to nonhypertensives or those on non-BB antihypertensives (NBB), hypertensives on BB had lower peripapillary perfusion (43.45,43.40, 42.05%, P = 0.003), and MVD (6 × 6 mm: 16.65, 16.70,15.75 mm/mm 2 , P = 0.002; 3 × 3 mm: 18.70, 18.50, 18.00 mm/mm 2 , P = 0.025). Those on systemic BB with vasodilatory properties had similar perfusion parameters as nonhypertensives and NBB. Those on systemic BB without vasodilating properties had significantly lower peripapillary perfusion (42.05 vs 43.30%, P = 0.011) and MVD (6 × 6 mm: 15.15 vs 16.60 mm/mm 2 , P < 0.001; 3 × 3 mm: 17.40 vs 18.70 mm/mm 2 , P = 0.005) compared to nonhypertensives. On multivariate analysis, peripapillary perfusion increased with increase in diastolic blood pressure (β:0.051, p: 0.04) and increasing age was the only factor found to be significantly associated with decreased peripapillary and macular perfusion parameters. CONCLUSION Systemic BB users have worse ocular perfusion parameters compared to those on other medications or nonhypertensives on univariate analysis but similar perfusion on multivariate analysis. Those on BB with vasodilation have better ocular perfusion parameters. All BB cannot be considered equally detrimental to ocular perfusion. Further well-controlled prospective studies are needed to reassess the effects of BB with or without vasodilation on ocular perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reni Philip
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lingam Vijaya
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shantha Balekudaru
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Smita Panda
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mona Khurana
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rathini L David
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rashima Asokan
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Occupational Optometry Services, Elite School of Optometry, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ronnie George
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Zheng X, Lei Y, Cheng XW. Resolvin D1 as a novel target in the management of hypertension. J Hypertens 2024; 42:393-395. [PMID: 38289998 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Yanna Lei
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
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14
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Regnault V, Lacolley P, Laurent S. Arterial Stiffness: From Basic Primers to Integrative Physiology. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:99-121. [PMID: 38345905 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-031925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The elastic properties of conductance arteries are one of the most important hemodynamic functions in the body, and data continue to emerge regarding the importance of their dysfunction in vascular aging and a range of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we provide new insight into the integrative physiology of arterial stiffening and its clinical consequence. We also comprehensively review progress made on pathways/molecules that appear today as important basic determinants of arterial stiffness, particularly those mediating the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contractility, plasticity and stiffness. We focus on membrane and nuclear mechanotransduction, clearance function of the vascular wall, phenotypic switching of VSMCs, immunoinflammatory stimuli and epigenetic mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the most important advances of the latest clinical studies that revisit the classical therapeutic concepts of arterial stiffness and lead to a patient-by-patient strategy according to cardiovascular risk exposure and underlying disease.
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15
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Giontella A, Tagetti A, Bonafini S, Marcon D, Cattazzo F, Bresadola I, Antoniazzi F, Gaudino R, Cavarzere P, Montagnana M, Pietrobelli A, Maffeis C, Minuz P, Fava C. Comparison of Performance in the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) between Overweight/Obese and Normal-Weight Children and Association with Haemodynamic Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Study in Four Primary Schools. Nutrients 2024; 16:356. [PMID: 38337641 PMCID: PMC10857357 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity plays a pivotal role in preventing obesity and cardiovascular risks. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a tool to assess functional capacity and predict cardiovascular events. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the performance and haemodynamic parameters before and after a 6MWT between obese/overweight vs. normal-weight children (average age 8.7 ± 0.7 years) participating in a project involving four primary schools in South Verona (Italy). Validated questionnaires for physical activity and diet, as well as blood drops, were collected. Overweight or obese children (OW&OB; n = 100) covered a shorter 6MWT distance compared to normal-weight children (NW, n = 194). At the test's conclusion, the OW&OB group exhibited a higher Rate Pulse Product (RPP = Systolic Blood Pressure × Heart Rate) as compared to the NW. Body Mass Index, waist-to-height ratio, fat mass by electrical impedance, and trans fatty acids showed direct correlations with pre and post-test haemodynamic parameters, such as RPP, and inverse correlations with oxygen saturation. OW&OB children demonstrated lower performance in this low-intensity exercise test, along with an elevated haemodynamic response. Excess fat in childhood can be considered a risk factor for haemodynamic stress, with potential deleterious consequences later in life. Efforts should be initiated early to break this cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giontella
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.G.); (A.T.); (D.M.); (F.C.); (I.B.); (P.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Angela Tagetti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.G.); (A.T.); (D.M.); (F.C.); (I.B.); (P.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Sara Bonafini
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.G.); (A.T.); (D.M.); (F.C.); (I.B.); (P.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Denise Marcon
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.G.); (A.T.); (D.M.); (F.C.); (I.B.); (P.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Filippo Cattazzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.G.); (A.T.); (D.M.); (F.C.); (I.B.); (P.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Irene Bresadola
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.G.); (A.T.); (D.M.); (F.C.); (I.B.); (P.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Franco Antoniazzi
- Department of Surgical, Odontostomatological and Maternal-Infantile Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (F.A.); (R.G.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Rossella Gaudino
- Department of Surgical, Odontostomatological and Maternal-Infantile Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (F.A.); (R.G.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Paolo Cavarzere
- Department of Surgical, Odontostomatological and Maternal-Infantile Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (F.A.); (R.G.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Martina Montagnana
- Department of Engineering for Innovative Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Department of Surgical, Odontostomatological and Maternal-Infantile Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (F.A.); (R.G.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (C.M.)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Department of Surgical, Odontostomatological and Maternal-Infantile Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (F.A.); (R.G.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Pietro Minuz
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.G.); (A.T.); (D.M.); (F.C.); (I.B.); (P.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Cristiano Fava
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.G.); (A.T.); (D.M.); (F.C.); (I.B.); (P.M.); (C.F.)
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16
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Gkousioudi A, Razzoli M, Moreira JD, Wainford RD, Zhang Y. Renal denervation restores biomechanics of carotid arteries in a rat model of hypertension. Sci Rep 2024; 14:495. [PMID: 38177257 PMCID: PMC10767006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension increases with aging and is associated with increased arterial stiffness. Resistant hypertension is presented when drug treatments fail to regulate a sustained increased blood pressure. Given that the mechanisms between the sympathetic nervous system and the kidney play an important role in blood regulation, renal denervation (RDN) has emerged as a therapeutic potential in resistant hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effects of RDN on the biomechanical response and microstructure of elastic arteries. Common carotid arteries (CCA) excised from 3-month, 8-month, and 8-month denervated rats were subjected to biaxial extension-inflation test. Our results showed that hypertension developed in the 8-month-old rats. The sustained elevated blood pressure resulted in arterial remodeling which was manifested as a significant stress increase in both axial and circumferential directions after 8 months. RDN had a favorable impact on CCAs with a restoration of stresses in values similar to control arteries at 3 months. After biomechanical testing, arteries were imaged under a multi-photon microscope to identify microstructural changes in extracellular matrix (ECM). Quantification of multi-photon images showed no significant alterations of the main ECM components, elastic and collagen fibers, indicating that arteries remained intact after RDN. Regardless of the experimental group, our microstructural analysis of the multi-photon images revealed that reorientation of the collagen fibers might be the main microstructural mechanism taking place during pressurization with their straightening happening during axial stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Gkousioudi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Margherita Razzoli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jesse D Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University Avedisian and Chobanian, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Wainford
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University Avedisian and Chobanian, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, HSRB II, Emory University, 1750 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Yanhang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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17
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Tang C, Ma Y, Lei X, Ding Y, Yang S, He D. Hypertension linked to Alzheimer's disease via stroke: Mendelian randomization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21606. [PMID: 38062190 PMCID: PMC10703897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hypertension and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and demonstrate the key role of stroke in this relationship using mediating Mendelian randomization. AD, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss, cognitive impairment, and behavioral abnormalities, severely affects the quality of life of patients. Hypertension is an important risk factor for AD. However, the precise mechanism underlying this relationship is unclear. To investigate the relationship between hypertension and AD, we used a mediated Mendelian randomization method and screened for mediating variables between hypertension and AD by setting instrumental variables. The results of the mediated analysis showed that stroke, as a mediating variable, plays an important role in the causal relationship between hypertension and AD. Specifically, the mediated indirect effect value for stroke obtained using multivariate mediated MR analysis was 54.9%. This implies that approximately 55% of the risk of AD owing to hypertension can be attributed to stroke. The results suggest that the increased risk of AD owing to hypertension is mediated through stroke. The finding not only sheds light on the relationship between hypertension and AD but also indicates novel methods for the prevention and treatment of AD. By identifying the critical role of stroke in the link between hypertension and AD, this study provides insights into potential interventions that could mitigate the impact of hypertension on AD. This could help develop personalized treatments and help improve the quality of life of patients with AD who suffer from hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28, Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yayu Ma
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28, Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lei
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28, Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yaqi Ding
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28, Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Sushuang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28, Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Dian He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28, Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China.
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Sakono T, Terasaki H, Kubozono T, Sonoda S, Funatsu R, Mihara N, Shiihara H, Ohishi M, Sakamoto T. Colour tone of retinal arterioles imaged with a colour scanning laser ophthalmoscope can be an indicator of systemic arterial stiffness. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2023; 8:e001456. [PMID: 38057107 PMCID: PMC10711855 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colour scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) offers several advantages, including improved image quality and better visualisation of the retinal structures compared with colour fundus photograph (CFP). This study aimed to identify whether cSLO could be used to predict systemic arterial stiffness. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We retrospectively analysed the data of 54 patients with 103 eyes. In addition to blood pressure and blood data, all patients had cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) measurements, as well as images of the fundus acquired using cSLO and CFP. We determined the retinal artery sclerosis (RAS) index from the colour of the retinal artery in cSLO images, the ratio of arterial to venous diameter (A/V ratio), and Scheie's classification in CFP images. The correlation between each parameter and CAVI was examined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and the correlation between Scheie's classification and CAVI was examined using Steel-Dowass tests. RESULTS CAVI showed a significant positive correlation with the RAS index (r=0.679, p<0.001) but not with the A/V ratio or Scheie's classification. Multiple regression analysis showed that the RAS index was significantly and independently correlated with CAVI. CONCLUSION cSLO is a non-invasive imaging modality that has the potential to accurately and instantaneously detect early systemic arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Sakono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroto Terasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Kubozono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shozo Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryoh Funatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naohisa Mihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Shiihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Taiji Sakamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Yang H, Meng R, Jiang J, Luo Y, Deng X, Yang S, Chen S, Wu J, Wan Y, Li Y, Jin H, He Q, Wang D, Chang J, Yang K, Zhou Y, Hu B. Association of white matter hyperintensities with long-term EGFR-TKI treatment and prediction of progression risk. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3326. [PMID: 38054663 PMCID: PMC10726800 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that brain white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are more common in patients receiving epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) and identify clinical risk factors associated with WMH. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This multiple-center, prospective cohort study was conducted from March 2017 to July 2020. Two groups of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received or did not receive EGFR-TKI were included and followed up for more than 24 months. The progression of WMH was defined as an increase of ≥1 point on the Fazekas visual rating scale between the baseline and at the 2-year follow-up. A modified Poisson regression model was performed to evaluate risk factors on increased WMH load. RESULTS Among 286 patients with NSCLC, 194 (68%) patients with NSCLC who received EGFR-TKI and 92 (32%) patients with NSCLC without EGFR-TKI treatment were analyzed. Modified Poisson regression analysis showed that EGFR-TKI treatment was independently associated with the WMH progression (EGFR-TKI: aRR 2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46-5.06, p = .002). Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and IL-10 were associated with increased WMH in the adjusted model (IL-2: aRR 1.55 [95% CI 1.06-2.25], p = .023; IL-4: aRR 1.66 [95% CI 1.13-2.43], p = .010; IL-10: aRR 1.48 [95% CI 1.06-2.06], p = .020). CONCLUSION Patients with NSCLC who received EGFR-TKI may be at higher risk of developing WMH or worsening of WMH burden. The impact of increased WMH lesions in these patients is to be further assessed. IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 may be used as potential biomarkers to monitor the risk of increased WMH burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of NeurologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Rui Meng
- Cancer Center, Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Junjie Jiang
- Department of NeurologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of NeurologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xiaolin Deng
- Department of NeurologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Sibo Yang
- Department of NeurologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shengcai Chen
- Department of NeurologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jiehong Wu
- Department of NeurologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yan Wan
- Department of NeurologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of NeurologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Huijuan Jin
- Department of NeurologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Quanwei He
- Department of NeurologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - David Wang
- Neurovascular DivisionDepartment of NeurologyBarrow Neurological InstituteSt. Joseph's Hospital and Medical CenterPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of NeurologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of NeurologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Wang X, Li A, Zhao M, Xu J, Mei Y, Xu Q. Differential effects of PM 2.5 and its carbon components on blood pressure in hypertensive and non-hypertensive populations: a panel study in Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123226-123236. [PMID: 37981604 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Published literature considering the association between ambient air pollution and blood pressure is highly inconsistent, which may be explained by the different proportions of susceptible subpopulations. We hypothesized that hypertensive patients are more sensitive to air pollution due to the disruption of neurohumoral system. The study aimed to reveal the association between PM2.5 and its carbon components and blood pressure, and whether this association is modified by hypertension status. We conducted a panel study in Beijing, China. Four repeated measurements were performed from 2016 to 2018. Linear mixed-effects models and generalized additive mixed models were performed to investigate the associations between PM2.5 and its carbon components and blood pressure. Subgroup analyses were performed by hypertension status to reveal potential effect modification. Among hypertensive patients, for every 1 μg/m3 increment of PM2.5, TC, OC, and EC in 1-day to 2-day MA, SBP increased from 0.16 mmHg (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.29) to 6.75 mmHg (95% CI, 2.82 to 10.68), and PP increased from 0.14 mmHg (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.26) to 6.03% (95% CI, 2.46 to 9.59%), but no significant association was observed among non-hypertensive subjects. The p values for the interaction between pollutants and hypertension status in 1-day to 2-day MA were less than 0.05. These findings suggest that hypertensive patients may be more susceptible to the adverse effects of air pollution than non-hypertensive subjects, which might provide guidance to hypertensive patients living in areas with high levels of particle pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yayuan Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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21
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Wang J, Jing C, Hu X, Cui J, Tang Q, Tu L, Zhao S, Huang J, Guo D, Li Y, Xu J. Assessment of aortic to peripheral vascular stiffness and gradient by segmented upper limb PWV in healthy and hypertensive individuals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19859. [PMID: 37963909 PMCID: PMC10645764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Theoretically pulse wave velocity (PWV) is obtained by calculating the distance between two waveform probes divided by the time difference, and PWV ratio is used to assess the arterial stiffness gradient (SG) from proximal to distal. The aim was to investigate segmental upper-limb PWV (ulPWV) differences and the effects of hypertension and or aging on each ulPWV and SG. The study collected multi-waveform signals and conduction distances from 167 healthy individuals and 92 hypertensive patients. The results showed significant differences between ulPWVs (P < 0.001), with increased and then decreased vascular stiffness along the proximal transmission to the distal peripheral artery and then to the finger. Adjusted for age and sex, ulPWVs in hypertension exceeded that of healthy individuals, with significant differences between groups aged ≥ 50 years (P < 0.05). The hrPWV/rfPWV (heart-radial/radial-finger) was reduced in hypertension and differed significantly between the aged ≥ 50 years (P = 0.015); the ratio of baPWV (brachial-ankle) to ulPWV differed significantly between groups (P < 0.05). Hypertension affected the consistency of rfPWV with hfPWV (heart-finger). The findings suggest that segmented ulPWV is instrumental in providing stiffness corresponding to the physiological structure of the vessel. The superimposition of hypertension and or aging exacerbates peripheral arterial stiffness, as well as alteration in stiffness gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Congcong Jing
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of TCM Health Services, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qingfeng Tang
- The University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Computing of Anhui Province, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Liping Tu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shiju Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinlian Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongzhi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Astronaut Health Center Laboratory, No. 26, Beiqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Jiatuo Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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22
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Celant M, Toro EF, Bertaglia G, Cozzio S, Caleffi V, Valiani A, Blanco PJ, Müller LO. Modeling essential hypertension with a closed-loop mathematical model for the entire human circulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 39:e3748. [PMID: 37408358 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension, defined as an increase in systemic arterial pressure, is a major risk factor for the development of diseases affecting the cardiovascular system. Every year, 9.4 million deaths worldwide are caused by complications arising from hypertension. Despite well-established approaches to diagnosis and treatment, fewer than half of all hypertensive patients have adequately controlled blood pressure. In this scenario, computational models of hypertension can be a practical approach for better quantifying the role played by different components of the cardiovascular system in the determination of this condition. In the present work we adopt a global closed-loop multi-scale mathematical model for the entire human circulation to reproduce a hypertensive scenario. In particular, we modify the model to reproduce alterations in the cardiovascular system that are cause and/or consequence of the hypertensive state. The adaptation does not only affect large systemic arteries and the heart but also the microcirculation, the pulmonary circulation and the venous system. Model outputs for the hypertensive scenario are validated through assessment of computational results against current knowledge on the impact of hypertension on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Celant
- Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Eleuterio F Toro
- Laboratory of Applied Mathematics, DICAM, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Bertaglia
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Susanna Cozzio
- U.O. di Medicina Interna, Ospedale di Rovereto, Azienda Sanitaria per i Servizi Provinciali di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Valerio Caleffi
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Pablo J Blanco
- National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Petròpolis, Brazil
| | - Lucas O Müller
- Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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23
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Hussein M, Ali M, Abdelghaffar M, Yassien A, Gomaa R, Assad R, Magdy R. Frequency, characteristics, and predictors of headache attributed to acute ischemic stroke. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:1000-1007. [PMID: 37541931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although headache is a common symptom in acute ischemic stroke, the clinical and radiological factors associated with its occurrence are controversial. This work aimed to determine the frequency, characteristics, and predictors of headache occurrence among patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 303 patients with acute ischemic stroke. The patients were submitted to detailed history taking, clinical and radiological assessment. A detailed analysis of headache was performed for the patients who experienced headache temporally related to stroke onset. RESULTS Diagnosis of headache attributed to the ischemic stroke was established in 129 (42.6%) patients; sentinel headache in 17.2% of patients, and headache at stroke onset in 25.4% of patients. The headache group had a significantly younger age (P=0.017), lower NIHSS score (P=0.042), higher frequency of pre-existing headache disorders (P=0.001), substance use disorder (P=0.021), and fever (P=0.036), and lower frequency of chronic hypertension (P=0.013) and small vessel disease (P=0.004) than non-headache group. Infarction involving posterior circulation was more frequent in headache than in non-headache groups (P=0.003). The presence of migraine, tension-type headache, other types of headache, fever and posterior circulation stroke increased the odds of headache by 27.4 (95%CI=8.0-94.4), 7.6 (95%CI=3.93-14.6), 26.2 (95%CI=8.0-85.8), 3.75 (95%CI=1.22-11.6) and 3.15 (95%CI=1.65-6.0) times, respectively, whereas, the presence of small vessel disease decreased the odds of headache by 0.51 (95%CI=0.279-0.95) times. CONCLUSION Pre-existing headache disorder, fever, and posterior circulation stroke were associated with headache occurrence in acute ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hussein
- Department of Neurology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef. Egypt.
| | - M Ali
- Department of Neurology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef. Egypt.
| | - M Abdelghaffar
- Department of Neurology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
| | - A Yassien
- Department of Critical care medicine, Beni-suef University, Beni-Suef. Egypt.
| | - R Gomaa
- Department of Neurology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef. Egypt.
| | - R Assad
- Department of Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - R Magdy
- Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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24
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Wen X, Peng Y, Peng Y, Zhu Y, Yu F, Geng L, Zhou T, Wang X, Feng L, Meng Q. Aortic smooth muscle TRPV4 channels regulate vasoconstriction in high salt-induced hypertension. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:2356-2367. [PMID: 37532951 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on the contribution of vascular endothelial transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels to hypertension. However, in hypertension, TRPV4 channels in vascular smooth muscle remain unexplored. In the present study, we performed wire myograph experiments in isolated aortas from endothelial cell specific TRPV4 channel knockout (TRPV4EC-/-) mice to demonstrate that GSK1016790A (a specific TRPV4 channel agonist) triggered aortic smooth muscle-dependent contractions from mice on a normal-salt diet, and the contractions were enhanced in high-salt diet (HSD) mice. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and Ca2+ imaging assays showed that TRPV4-induced [Ca2+]i was significantly higher in aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) from HSD-induced hypertensive mice, and application of an inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor markedly attenuated TRPV4-induced [Ca2+]i. IP3R2 expression was enhanced in ASMCs from HSD-induced hypertensive mice and the contractile response induced by TRPV4 was inhibited by the IP3R inhibitor. Whole-transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq and western blot assays revealed the involvement of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) in TRPV4-IRF7-IP3R2 signaling in HSD-induced hypertension. These results suggested that TRPV4 channels regulate smooth muscle-dependent contractions in high salt-induced hypertension, and this contraction involves increased [Ca2+]i, IP3R2, and IRF7 activity. Our study revealed a considerable effect of TRPV4 channels in smooth muscle-dependent contraction in mice during high-salt induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yidi Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yuefeng Peng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yuzhong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Li Geng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Qingyou Meng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, General Surgery Clinical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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25
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Gkousioudi A, Razzoli M, Moreira JD, Wainford RD, Zhang Y. Renal denervation restores biomechanics of carotid arteries in a rat model of hypertension. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3273236. [PMID: 37720022 PMCID: PMC10503847 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3273236/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension increases with aging and is associated with increased arterial stiffness. Resistant hypertension is presented when drug treatments fail to regulate a sustained increased blood pressure. Given that the mechanisms between the sympathetic nervous system and the kidney play an important role in blood regulation, renal denervation (RDN) has emerged as a therapeutic potential in resistant hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effects of RDN on the biomechanical response and microstructure of elastic arteries. Common carotid arteries (CCA) were excised from 3-, 8- and 8-month-old denervated rats, and subjected to biaxial extension-inflation test. Our results showed that hypertension developed in the 8-month-old rats. The sustained elevated blood pressure resulted in arterial remodeling which was manifested as a significant stress increase in both axial and circumferential directions after 8 months. RDN had a favorable impact on CCAs with a restoration of stresses in values similar to control arteries at 3 months. After biomechanical testing, arteries were imaged under a multi-photon microscope to identify microstructural changes in extracellular matrix (ECM). Quantification of multi-photon images showed no significant alterations of the main ECM components, elastic and collagen fibers, indicating that arteries remained intact after RDN. Regardless of the experimental group, our microstructural analysis of the multi-photon images revealed that reorientation of the collagen fibers might be the main microstructural mechanism taking place during pressurization with their straightening happening during axial stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesse D Moreira
- Boston University Avedisian and Chobanian School of Medicine
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26
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Dąbrowska E, Narkiewicz K. Hypertension and Dyslipidemia: the Two Partners in Endothelium-Related Crime. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:605-612. [PMID: 37594602 PMCID: PMC10471742 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this article is to characterize the endothelium's role in the development of hypertension and dyslipidemia and to point out promising therapeutic directions. RECENT FINDINGS Dyslipidemia may facilitate the development of hypertension, whereas the collaboration of these two silent killers potentiates the risk of atherosclerosis. The common pathophysiological denominator for hypertension and dyslipidemia is endothelial cell dysfunction, which manifests as dysregulation of homeostasis, redox balance, vascular tone, inflammation, and thrombosis. Treatment focused on mediators acting in these processes might be groundbreaking. Metabolomic research on hypertension and dyslipidemia has revealed new therapeutic targets. State-of-the-art solutions integrating interview, clinical examination, innovative imaging, and omics profiles along with artificial intelligence have been already shown to improve patients' risk stratification and treatment. Pathomechanisms underlying hypertension and dyslipidemia take place in the endothelium. Novel approaches involving endothelial biomarkers and bioinformatics advances could open new perspectives in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Dąbrowska
- Center of Translational Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Narkiewicz
- Center of Translational Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
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27
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Hauser C, Lona G, Köchli S, Streese L, Infanger D, Faude O, Hanssen H. Bivariate relation of vascular health and blood pressure progression during childhood. Atherosclerosis 2023; 381:117215. [PMID: 37604092 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypertension is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. High blood pressure (BP) is associated with subclinical vascular impairments as early as childhood. We aimed to assess the association of retinal microvascular diameters and large artery pulse wave velocity (PWV) with progression of childhood BP. METHODS In our prospective Basel cohort study, 1171 children aged 6-8 years were screened for BP, body mass index, retinal vessel diameters and PWV using standardized protocols. After 4 years, all parameters were assessed in 749 children using the same protocols. RESULTS Children with narrower central retinal arteriolar diameters (CRAE) and higher PWV at baseline developed higher systolic BP after 4 years (β [95% CI] 0.6 [0.072 to 1.164] mmHg per 10 μm decrease, p = 0.026 and β [95% CI] 0.6 [0.331 to 0.838] mmHg per 0.1 m/s increase, p < 0.001, respectively). Children with increased systolic BP at baseline developed narrower CRAE and higher PWV at follow-up (β [95% CI] -3.3 [-4.43 to -2.09] μm per 10 mmHg increase, p < 0.001 and β [95% CI] 0.13 [0.10 to 0.16] m/s per 10 mmHg increase, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Retinal arteriolar diameter and PWV independently predict progression of childhood BP, while initial BP is linked to development of micro- and macrovascular impairments, describing a bivariate temporal relationship between vascular health and BP. Childhood may present a window of opportunity for initiation of primary prevention strategies for the treatment of high BP to help prevent manifestation of CVD later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hauser
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Lona
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Köchli
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Streese
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Denis Infanger
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Faude
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland.
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28
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Saz-Lara A, Cavero-Redondo I, Pascual-Morena C, Martínez-García I, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez E, Lucerón-Lucas-Torres M, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Moreno-Herráiz N, Martínez-Rodrigo A. Early vascular aging as an index of cardiovascular risk in healthy adults: confirmatory factor analysis from the EVasCu study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:209. [PMID: 37592251 PMCID: PMC10436435 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of early vascular aging (EVA) represents a potentially beneficial model for future research into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the early manifestations of cardiovascular disease. For this reason, the aims of this study were to verify by confirmatory factor analysis the concept of EVA on a single factor based on vascular, clinical and biochemical parameters in a healthy adult population and to develop a statistical model to estimate the EVA index from variables collected in a dataset to classify patients into different cardiovascular risk groups: healthy vascular aging (HVA) and EVA. METHODS The EVasCu study, a cross-sectional study, was based on data obtained from 390 healthy adults. To examine the construct validity of a single-factor model to measure accelerated vascular aging, different models including vascular, clinical and biochemical parameters were examined. In addition, unsupervised clustering techniques (using both K-means and hierarchical methods) were used to identify groups of patients sharing similar characteristics in terms of the analysed variables to classify patients into different cardiovascular risk groups: HVA and EVA. RESULTS Our data show that a single-factor model including pulse pressure, glycated hemoglobin A1c, pulse wave velocity and advanced glycation end products shows the best construct validity for the EVA index. The optimal value of the risk groups to separate patients is K = 2 (HVA and EVA). CONCLUSIONS The EVA index proved to be an adequate model to classify patients into different cardiovascular risk groups, which could be valuable in guiding future preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Saz-Lara
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la Republica, 40000, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Nerea Moreno-Herráiz
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Arturo Martínez-Rodrigo
- Research Group in Electronic, Biomedical, and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
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29
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Walther LM, Wirtz PH. Physiological reactivity to acute mental stress in essential hypertension-a systematic review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1215710. [PMID: 37636310 PMCID: PMC10450926 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1215710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Exaggerated physiological reactions to acute mental stress (AMS) are associated with hypertension (development) and have been proposed to play an important role in mediating the cardiovascular disease risk with hypertension. A variety of studies compared physiological reactivity to AMS between essential hypertensive (HT) and normotensive (NT) individuals. However, a systematic review of studies across stress-reactive physiological systems including intermediate biological risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is lacking. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search (PubMed) for original articles and short reports, published in English language in peer-reviewed journals in November and December 2022. We targeted studies comparing the reactivity between essential HT and NT to AMS in terms of cognitive tasks, public speaking tasks, or the combination of both, in at least one of the predefined stress-reactive physiological systems. Results We included a total of 58 publications. The majority of studies investigated physiological reactivity to mental stressors of mild or moderate intensity. Whereas HT seem to exhibit increased reactivity in response to mild or moderate AMS only under certain conditions (i.e., in response to mild mental stressors with specific characteristics, in an early hyperkinetic stage of HT, or with respect to certain stress systems), increased physiological reactivity in HT as compared to NT to AMS of strong intensity was observed across all investigated stress-reactive physiological systems. Conclusion Overall, this systematic review supports the proposed and expected generalized physiological hyperreactivity to AMS with essential hypertension, in particular to strong mental stress. Moreover, we discuss potential underlying mechanisms and highlight open questions for future research of importance for the comprehensive understanding of the observed hyperreactivity to AMS in essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Walther
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Petra H. Wirtz
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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30
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Jiao X, Yu H, Du Z, Li L, Hu C, Du Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Lv Q, Li F, Sun Q, Wang Y, Qin Y. Vascular smooth muscle cells specific deletion of angiopoietin-like protein 8 prevents angiotensin II-promoted hypertension and cardiovascular hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1856-1868. [PMID: 37285486 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) plays important roles in lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, inflammation, and cell proliferation and migration. Clinical studies have indicated that circulating ANGPTL8 concentrations are increased in patients with hypertension and positively associated with blood pressure. ANGPTL8 deficiency ameliorates blood pressure in mice treated with chronic intermittent hypoxia. Currently, little is known regarding the pathophysiological role of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-derived ANGPTL8 in hypertension and hypertensive cardiovascular remodelling. METHODS AND RESULTS Circulating ANGPTL8 concentrations, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were significantly higher in hypertensive patients than in controls (524.51 ± 26.97 vs. 962.92 ± 15.91 pg/mL; P < 0.001). In hypertensive mice [angiotensin II (AngII) treatment for 14 days] and spontaneously hypertensive rats, ANGPTL8 expression was increased and predominantly located in VSMCs. In AngII-treated mice, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in Tagln-Cre-ANGPTL8fl/fl mice were approximately 15-25 mmHg lower than that in ANGPTL8fl/fl mice. AngII-induced vascular remodelling, vascular constriction, and increased expression of cell markers of proliferation (PCNA and Ki67) and migration (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were strikingly attenuated in Tagln-Cre-ANGPTL8fl/fl mice compared with ANGPTL8fl/fl mice. Furthermore, the AngII-induced increase in the heart size, heart weight, heart/body weight ratio, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, and collagen deposition was ameliorated in Tagln-Cre-ANGPTL8fl/fl mice compared with ANGPTL8fl/fl mice. In rat artery smooth muscle cells, ANGPTL8-short hairpin RNA decreased intracellular calcium levels and prevented AngII-induced proliferation and migration through the PI3K-Akt pathway, as shown using LY294002 (inhibitor of PI3K) and Akt inhibitor VIII. CONCLUSION This study suggests that ANGPTL8 in VSMCs plays an important role in AngII-induced hypertension and associated cardiovascular remodelling. ANGPTL8 may be a novel therapeutic target against pathological hypertension and hypertensive cardiovascular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Jiao
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huahui Yu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiyong Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linyi Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chaowei Hu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunhui Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qianwen Lv
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fan Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiuju Sun
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanwen Qin
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
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Murtada SI, Kawamura Y, Cavinato C, Wang M, Ramachandra AB, Spronck B, Li DS, Tellides G, Humphrey JD. Biomechanical and transcriptional evidence that smooth muscle cell death drives an osteochondrogenic phenotype and severe proximal vascular disease in progeria. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:1333-1347. [PMID: 37149823 PMCID: PMC10544720 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome results in rapid aging and severe cardiovascular sequelae that accelerate near end-of-life. We found a progressive disease process in proximal elastic arteries that was less evident in distal muscular arteries. Changes in aortic structure and function were then associated with changes in transcriptomics assessed via both bulk and single cell RNA sequencing, which suggested a novel sequence of progressive aortic disease: adverse extracellular matrix remodeling followed by mechanical stress-induced smooth muscle cell death, leading a subset of remnant smooth muscle cells to an osteochondrogenic phenotype that results in an accumulation of proteoglycans that thickens the aortic wall and increases pulse wave velocity, with late calcification exacerbating these effects. Increased central artery pulse wave velocity is known to drive left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, the primary diagnosis in progeria children. It appears that mechanical stresses above ~ 80 kPa initiate this progressive aortic disease process, explaining why elastic lamellar structures that are organized early in development under low wall stresses appear to be nearly normal whereas other medial constituents worsen progressively in adulthood. Mitigating early mechanical stress-driven smooth muscle cell loss/phenotypic modulation promises to have important cardiovascular implications in progeria patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Il Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuki Kawamura
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cristina Cavinato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Molly Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - David S Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Rizzoni D, Agabiti-Rosei C, Boari GEM, Muiesan ML, De Ciuceis C. Microcirculation in Hypertension: A Therapeutic Target to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease? J Clin Med 2023; 12:4892. [PMID: 37568294 PMCID: PMC10419740 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12154892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a common condition worldwide and an important risk factor for cardio- and cerebrovascular events, renal diseases, as well as microvascular eye diseases. Established hypertension leads to the chronic vasoconstriction of small arteries as well as to a decreased lumen diameter and the thickening of the arterial media or wall with a consequent increased media-to-lumen ratio (MLR) or wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR). This process, defined as vascular remodeling, was firstly demonstrated in small resistance arteries isolated from subcutaneous biopsies and measured by micromyography, and this is still considered the gold-standard method for the assessment of structural alterations in small resistance arteries; however, microvascular remodeling seems to represent a generalized phenomenon. An increased MLR may impair the organ flow reserve, playing a crucial role in the maintenance and, probably, also in the progressive worsening of hypertensive disease, as well as in the development of hypertension-mediated organ damage and related cardiovascular events, thus possessing a relevant prognostic relevance. New non-invasive techniques, such as scanning laser Doppler flowmetry or adaptive optics, are presently under development, focusing mainly on the evaluation of WLR in retinal arterioles; recently, also retinal microvascular WLR was demonstrated to have a prognostic impact in terms of cardio- and cerebrovascular events. A rarefaction of the capillary network has also been reported in hypertension, which may contribute to flow reduction in and impairment of oxygen delivery to different tissues. These microvascular alterations seem to represent an early step in hypertension-mediated organ damage since they might contribute to microvascular angina, stroke, and renal dysfunction. In addition, they can be markers useful in monitoring the beneficial effects of antihypertensive treatment. Additionally, conductance arteries may be affected by a remodeling process in hypertension, and an interrelationship is present in the structural changes in small and large conductance arteries. The review addresses the possible relations between structural microvascular alterations and hypertension-mediated organ damage, and their potential improvement with antihypertensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Rizzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (C.A.-R.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Claudia Agabiti-Rosei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (C.A.-R.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.C.)
- Second Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianluca E. M. Boari
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Maria Lorenza Muiesan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (C.A.-R.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.C.)
- Second Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Carolina De Ciuceis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (C.A.-R.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.C.)
- Second Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Cheng H, Teng J, Jia L, Xu L, Yang F, Li H, Ling C, Liu W, Li J, Li Y, Guo Z, Geng X, Guo J, Zhang D. Association between morphologic features of intracranial distal arteries and brain atrophy indexes in cerebral small vessel disease: a voxel-based morphometry study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1198402. [PMID: 37396753 PMCID: PMC10313400 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1198402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain atrophy represents a final common pathway for pathological processes in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and is now recognized as a strong independent predictor of clinical status and progression. The mechanism underlying brain atrophy in patients with CSVD is not yet fully comprehended. This study aims to investigate the association of morphologic features of intracranial distal arteries (A2, M2, P2 and more distal) with different brain structures [gray matter volume (GMV), white matter volume (WMV), and cerebrospinal fluid volume (CSFV)]. Furthermore, we also examined whether a correlation existed between these cerebrovascular characteristics and GMV in different brain regions. Method A total of 39 participants were eventually enrolled. The morphologic features of intracranial distal arteries based on TOF-MRA were extracted and quantified using the intracranial artery feature extraction technique (iCafe). The brain 3D-T1 images were segmented into gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using the "Segment" tool in CAT12 for the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between these cerebrovascular features and different brain structures. Partial correlation analysis with a one-tailed method was used to evaluate the relationship between these cerebrovascular features and GMV in different brain regions. Results Our findings indicate that both distal artery length and density were positively correlated with GM fraction in CSVD patients, regardless of whether univariable or multivariable linear regression analyses were performed. In addition, distal artery length (β = -0.428, p = 0.007) and density (β = -0.337, p = 0.036) were also found to be negative associated with CSF fraction, although this relationship disappeared after adjusting for potential confounders. Additional adjustment for the effect of WMHs volume did not change these results. In subgroup anasysis, we found that participants in the highest distal artery length tertile had significantly higher GM fraction and lower CSF fraction level than participants in the lowest distal artery length tertile. In partial correlation analysis, we also found that these cerebrovascular characteristics associated with regional GMV, especially subcortical nuclear. Conclusion The morphologic features of intracranial distal arteries, including artery length, density and average tortuosity, measured from 3D-TOF MRA, are associated with generalized or focal atrophy indexes of CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junfang Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Longbin Jia
- Department of Neurology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi, China
| | - Fengbing Yang
- Department of Neurology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Neurology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Graduate School, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinna Li
- Department of Neurology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi, China
| | - Xia Geng
- Department of Neurology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiaying Guo
- Department of Neurology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi, China
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da Silva DVT, Baião DDS, Almeida CC, Paschoalin VMF. A Critical Review on Vasoactive Nutrients for the Management of Endothelial Dysfunction and Arterial Stiffness in Individuals under Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112618. [PMID: 37299579 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological conditions such as endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, characterized by low nitric oxide bioavailability, deficient endothelium-dependent vasodilation and heart effort, predispose individuals to atherosclerotic lesions and cardiac events. Nitrate (NO3-), L-arginine, L-citrulline and potassium (K+) can mitigate arterial dysfunction and stiffness by intensifying NO bioavailability. Dietary compounds such as L-arginine, L-citrulline, NO3- and K+ exert vasoactive effects as demonstrated in clinical interventions by noninvasive flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and pulse-wave velocity (PWV) prognostic techniques. Daily L-arginine intakes ranging from 4.5 to 21 g lead to increased FMD and reduced PWV responses. Isolated L-citrulline intake of at least 5.6 g has a better effect compared to watermelon extract, which is only effective on endothelial function when supplemented for longer than 6 weeks and contains at least 6 g of L-citrulline. NO3- supplementation employing beetroot at doses greater than 370 mg promotes hemodynamic effects through the NO3--NO2-/NO pathway, a well-documented effect. A potassium intake of 1.5 g/day can restore endothelial function and arterial mobility, where decreased vascular tone takes place via ATPase pump/hyperpolarization and natriuresis, leading to muscle relaxation and NO release. These dietary interventions, alone or synergically, can ameliorate endothelial dysfunction and should be considered as adjuvant therapies in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Vieira Teixeira da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diego Dos Santos Baião
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristine Couto Almeida
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
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Triantafyllias K, Thiele LE, Cavagna L, Baraliakos X, Bertsias G, Schwarting A. Arterial Stiffness as a Surrogate Marker of Cardiovascular Disease and Atherosclerosis in Patients with Arthritides and Connective Tissue Diseases: A Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111870. [PMID: 37296720 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased cardiovascular (CV) risk among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as arthritides and connective tissue diseases, has been extensively documented. From a pathophysiological standpoint, systemic inflammation in the context of the disease can lead to endothelial dysfunction, accelerated atherosclerosis, and structural changes in vessel walls, which, in turn, are associated with exaggerated CV morbidity and mortality. In addition to these abnormalities, the increased prevalence of traditional CV risk factors, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and impaired glucose metabolism, can further worsen the status of and overall prognosis for CV in rheumatic patients. However, data on appropriate CV screening methods for patients with systemic autoimmune diseases are scarce, and traditional algorithms may lead to an underestimation of the true CV risk. The reason for this is that these calculations were developed for the general population and thus do not take into account the effect of the inflammatory burden, as well as other chronic-disease-associated CV risk factors. In recent years, different research groups, including ours, have examined the value of different CV surrogate markers, including carotid sonography, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and flow-mediated arterial dilation, in the assessment of CV risk in healthy and rheumatic populations. In particular, arterial stiffness has been thoroughly examined in a number of studies, showing high diagnostic and predictive value for the occurrence of CV events. To this end, the present narrative review showcases a series of studies examining aortic and peripheral arterial stiffness as surrogates of all-cause CV disease and atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, as well as in systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. Moreover, we discuss the associations of arterial stiffness with clinical, laboratory, and disease-specific parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Triantafyllias
- Rheumatology Center Rhineland-Palatinate, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Str. 9-11, 55543 Bad Kreuznach, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Leif-Erik Thiele
- Rheumatology Center Rhineland-Palatinate, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Str. 9-11, 55543 Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cavagna
- Department of Rheumatology, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Xenofon Baraliakos
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44649 Herne, Germany
| | - George Bertsias
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andreas Schwarting
- Rheumatology Center Rhineland-Palatinate, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Str. 9-11, 55543 Bad Kreuznach, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Monteiro Rodrigues L, Rocha C, Andrade S, Granja T, Gregório J. The acute adaptation of skin microcirculatory perfusion in vivo does not involve a local response but rather a centrally mediated adaptive reflex. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1177583. [PMID: 37215174 PMCID: PMC10192746 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1177583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular homeostasis involves the interaction of multiple players to ensure a permanent adaptation to each organ's needs. Our previous research suggested that changes in skin microcirculation-even if slight and distal-always evoke an immediate global rather than "local" response affecting hemodynamic homeostasis. These observations question our understanding of known reflexes used to explore vascular physiology, such as reactive hyperemia and the venoarteriolar reflex (VAR). Thus, our study was designed to further explore these responses in older healthy adults of both sexes and to potentially provide objective evidence of a centrally mediated mechanism governing each of these adaptive processes. Methods: Participants (n = 22, 52.5 ± 6.2 years old) of both sexes were previously selected. Perfusion was recorded in both feet by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and photoplethysmography (PPG). Two different maneuvers with opposite impacts on perfusion were applied as challengers to single limb reactive hyperemia evoked by massage and a single leg pending to generate a VAR. Measurements were taken at baseline (Phase I), during challenge (Phase II), and recovery (Phase III). A 95% confidence level was adopted. As proof of concept, six additional young healthy women were selected to provide video imaging by using optoacoustic tomography (OAT) of suprasystolic post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) in the upper limb. Results: Modified perfusion was detected by LDF and PPG in both limbs with both hyperemia and VAR, with clear systemic hemodynamic changes in all participants. Comparison with data obtained under the same conditions in a younger cohort, previously published by our group, revealed that results were not statistically different between the groups. Discussion: The OAT documentary and analysis showed that the suprasystolic pressure in the arm changed vasomotion in the forearm, displacing blood from the superficial to the deeper plexus vessels. Deflation allowed the blood to return and to be distributed in both plexuses. These responses were present in all individuals independent of their age. They appeared to be determined by the need to re-establish hemodynamics acutely modified by the challenger, which means that they were centrally mediated. Therefore, a new mechanistic interpretation of these exploratory maneuvers is required to better characterize in vivo cardiovascular physiology in humans.
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Huyan Y, Wang C, Kang H, Chen X, Chang Y, Liu S, Song J. Single-Cell Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of Renal Injury in Essential Hypertension. Kidney Blood Press Res 2023; 48:297-313. [PMID: 37062270 PMCID: PMC10308540 DOI: 10.1159/000530624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertensive nephropathy is characterized by glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, but we know little about changes in cell-specific gene expression in the early stages of hypertensive kidney injury, which usually has no obvious pathological changes. METHODS We performed unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing of rat kidney samples from hypertensive kidney injury to generate 10,602 single-cell transcriptomes from 2 control and 2 early stage hypertensive kidney injury samples. RESULTS All major cell types of the kidney were represented in the final dataset. Side-by-side comparisons showed that cell type-specific changes in gene expression are critical for functional impairment of glomeruli and tubules and activation of immune cells. In particular, we found a significantly reduced gene expression profile of maintaining vascular integrity in glomerular cells of hypertensive kidney injury. Meanwhile, the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress injury and fibrosis in the renal tubules and collecting ducts was elevated, but the degree of tubular cells response to injury differed between parts. We also found a signature of immune cell infiltration in hypertensive kidney injury. CONCLUSION Exploring the changes of gene expression in hypertension-injured kidneys may be helpful to identify the early biomarkers and signal pathways of this disease. Our data provide rich resources for understanding the pathogenesis of hypertensive renal injury and formulating effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Huyan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongen Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Castelli R, Gidaro A, Casu G, Merella P, Profili NI, Donadoni M, Maioli M, Delitala AP. Aging of the Arterial System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086910. [PMID: 37108072 PMCID: PMC10139087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of the vascular system is associated with deep changes of the structural proprieties of the arterial wall. Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease are the major determinants for the loss of elasticity and reduced compliance of vascular wall. Arterial stiffness is a key parameter for assessing the elasticity of the arterial wall and can be easily evaluated with non-invasive methods, such as pulse wave velocity. Early assessment of vessel stiffness is critical because its alteration can precede clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease. Although there is no specific pharmacological target for arterial stiffness, the treatment of its risk factors helps to improve the elasticity of the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Castelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Gidaro
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Gavino Casu
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Merella
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Nicia I Profili
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mattia Donadoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biochemical Science, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro P Delitala
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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39
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Abstract
Hypertension is associated with important alterations in the morphology of small arteries and arterioles. Vascular-specific manifestations are changes in the structure and function of vascular smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix, perivascular tissues, and endothelial cells. Arteriole and capillary remodeling and capillary rarefaction have been observed in hypertensive animals and human beings which contribute to increased vascular resistance. An impairment of different angiogenetic factors, such as VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2), TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinases-1), and TSP-1 (thrombospondin-1), seems to be responsible for the reduction of the microvascular network. Exercise training has been shown to improve vascular structure and function in hypertension not only in the large arteries but also in the peripheral circulation. Exercise training may regress microvascular remodeling and normalize capillary density, leading to capillary growth possibly by increasing proangiogenic stimuli such as VEGF. Exercise enhances endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation through nitric oxide release increase and oxidative stress reduction. Other mechanisms include improved balance between prostacyclin and thromboxane levels, lower circulating levels of endothelin-1, attenuation of infiltration of immune cells into perivascular adipose tissue, and increase of local adiponectin secretion. In addition, exercise training favorably modulates the expression of several microRNAs leading to a positive modification in muscle fiber composition. Identifying the bioactive molecules and biological mechanisms that mediate exercise benefits through pathways that differ from those used by antihypertensive drugs may help to improve our knowledge of hypertension pathophysiology and facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina De Ciuceis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (C.D.C., D.R.)
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (C.D.C., D.R.).,Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy (D.R.)
| | - Paolo Palatini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy (P.P.)
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Murtada SI, Mikush N, Wang M, Ren P, Kawamura Y, Ramachandra AB, Li DS, Braddock DT, Tellides G, Gordon LB, Humphrey JD. Lonafarnib improves cardiovascular function and survival in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. eLife 2023; 12:82728. [PMID: 36930696 PMCID: PMC10023154 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials have demonstrated that lonafarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, extends the lifespan in patients afflicted by Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a devastating condition that accelerates many characteristics of aging and results in premature death due to cardiovascular sequelae. The US Food and Drug Administration approved Zokinvy (lonafarnib) in November 2020 for treating these patients, yet a detailed examination of drug-associated effects on cardiovascular structure, properties, and function has remained wanting. In this paper, we report encouraging outcomes of daily post-weaning treatment with lonafarnib on the composition and biomechanical phenotype of elastic and muscular arteries as well as associated cardiac function in a well-accepted mouse model of progeria that exhibits severe perimorbid cardiovascular disease. Lonafarnib resulted in 100% survival of the treated progeria mice to the study end-point (time of 50% survival of untreated mice), with associated improvements in arterial structure and function working together to significantly reduce pulse wave velocity and improve left ventricular diastolic function. By contrast, neither treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin alone nor dual treatment with lonafarnib plus rapamycin improved outcomes over that achieved with lonafarnib monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Il Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Nicole Mikush
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Pengwei Ren
- Department of Surgery, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Yuki Kawamura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | | | - David S Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | | | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Leslie B Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital and Warren Albert Medical School, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
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41
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Aortic Stiffness: A Major Risk Factor for Multimorbidity in the Elderly. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062321. [PMID: 36983321 PMCID: PMC10058400 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimorbidity, the coexistence of multiple health conditions in an individual, has emerged as one of the greatest challenges facing health services, and this crisis is partly driven by the aging population. Aging is associated with increased aortic stiffness (AoStiff), which in turn is linked with several morbidities frequently affecting and having disastrous consequences for the elderly. These include hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, anemia, ischemic stroke, and dementia. Two or more of these disorders (multimorbidity) often coexist in the same elderly patient and the specific multimorbidity pattern depends on several factors including sex, ethnicity, common morbidity routes, morbidity interactions, and genomics. Regular exercise, salt restriction, statins in patients at high atherosclerotic risk, and stringent blood pressure control are interventions that delay progression of AoStiff and most likely decrease multimorbidity in the elderly.
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42
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Campos-Bedolla P, Torrejón-González EG, Mendoza-Mejía D, Vargas MH, Segura-Medin P, Carbajal V, Rodríguez-Márquez A, Martínez-Silva AV. Role of 5-HT2 receptors family in the allergy-induced increased aorta contractile responses to 5-HT. Physiol Res 2023; 72:111-116. [PMID: 36545875 PMCID: PMC10069811 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma poses an increased risk for cardiovascular disorders, suggesting that allergy, which is an underlying process in asthma, causes atypical functioning of organs other than lungs. In a previous study in a guinea pig asthma model, we concluded that allergic sensitization increased aorta contractile responses to 5-HT. To further characterize these responses, here we explored the role of the 5-HT2 receptors family. We found that TCB-2 (5-HT2A agonist) and WAY161503 (5-HT2C agonist) induced aorta contractions resembling those elicited by 5-HT but less intense (~43 % and ~25 %, respectively). In these experiments, aortas from sensitized guinea pigs showed increased contractions to TCB-2, but not to WAY161503. In turn, MDL 100907 (5-HT2A antagonist) and RS-102221 (5-HT2C antagonist) caused a notably and a mild reduction of the 5-HT-induced contractions, respectively, with no differences seen between sensitized and non-sensitized tissues. BW723C86 (5-HT2B agonist) did not induce contractile responses and RS-127445 (5-HT2B antagonist) did not modify the contractile responses to 5-HT. In non-sensitized aortas, the pattern of protein expression of receptors was 5HT2B>5-HT2A=5-HT2C, which did not change in sensitized animals. In conclusion, we found that allergic sensitization increased the aorta contractile responses to 5-HT, partly mediated by enhanced responses of 5-HT2A receptors, which was unrelated to changes in the expression of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Campos-Bedolla
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
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43
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Huang Z, Shen S, Wang M, Li W, Wu G, Huang W, Luo W, Liang G. Mouse endothelial OTUD1 promotes angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling by deubiquitinating SMAD3. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56135. [PMID: 36579465 PMCID: PMC9986815 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of pathological vascular remodeling is important for treating cardiovascular diseases and complications. Recent studies have highlighted a role of deubiquitinases in vascular pathophysiology. Here, we investigate the role of a deubiquitinase, OTUD1, in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular remodeling. We detect upregulated OTUD1 in the vascular endothelium of Ang II-challenged mice and show that OTUD1 deletion attenuates vascular remodeling, collagen deposition, and EndMT. Conversely, OTUD1 overexpression aggravates these pathological changes both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, SMAD3 is identified as a substrate of OTUD1 using co-immunoprecipitation followed by LC-MS/MS. We find that OTUD1 stabilizes SMAD3 and facilitates SMAD3/SMAD4 complex formation and subsequent nuclear translocation through both K48- and K63-linked deubiquitination. OTUD1-mediated SMAD3 activation regulates transcription of genes involved in vascular EndMT and remodeling in HUVECs. Finally, SMAD3 inhibition reverses OTUD1-promoted vascular remodeling. Our findings demonstrate that endothelial OTUD1 promotes Ang II-induced vascular remodeling by deubiquitinating SMAD3. We identify SMAD3 as a target of OTUD1 and propose OTUD1 as a potential therapeutic target for diseases related to vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqi Huang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Sirui Shen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Weixin Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
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44
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a group of heart and blood vessel disorders which remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, cardiovascular disease research commonly depends on in vivo rodent models and in vitro human cell culture models. Despite their widespread use in cardiovascular disease research, there are some long-standing limitations: animal models often fail to faithfully mimic human response, while traditional cell models ignore the in vivo microenvironment, intercellular communications, and tissue-tissue interactions. The convergence of microfabrication and tissue engineering has given rise to organ-on-a-chip technologies. The organ-on-a-chip is a microdevice containing microfluidic chips, cells, and extracellular matrix to reproduce the physiological processes of a certain part of the human body, and is nowadays considered a promising bridge between in vivo models and in vitro 2D or 3D cell culture models. Considering the difficulty in obtaining human vessel and heart samples, the development of vessel-on-a-chip and heart-on-a-chip systems can guide cardiovascular disease research in the future. In this review, we elaborate methods and materials to fabricate organ-on-a-chip systems and summarize the construction of vessel and heart chips. The construction of vessels-on-a-chip must consider the cyclic mechanical stretch and fluid shear stress, while hemodynamic forces and cardiomyocyte maturation are key factors in building hearts-on-a-chip. We also introduce the application of organs-on-a-chip in cardiovascular disease study.
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45
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Brengle BM, Lin M, Roth RA, Jones KD, Wagenseil JE, Mecham RP, Halabi CM. A new mouse model of elastin haploinsufficiency highlights the importance of elastin to vascular development and blood pressure regulation. Matrix Biol 2023; 117:1-14. [PMID: 36773748 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is an autosomal dominant disease resulting from elastin (ELN) haploinsufficiency. Individuals with SVAS typically develop a thickened arterial media with an increased number of elastic lamellae and smooth muscle cell (SMC) layers and stenosis superior to the aortic valve. A mouse model of SVAS (Eln+/-) was generated that recapitulates many aspects of the human disease, including increased medial SMC layers and elastic lamellae, large artery stiffness, and hypertension. The vascular changes in these mice were thought to be responsible for the hypertension phenotype. However, a renin gene (Ren) duplication in the original 129/Sv genetic background and carried through numerous strain backcrosses raised the possibility of renin-mediated effects on blood pressure. To exclude excess renin activity as a disease modifier, we utilized the Cre-LoxP system to rederive Eln hemizygous mice on a pure C57BL/6 background (Sox2-Cre;Elnf/f). Here we show that Sox2-Cre;Eln+/f mice, with a single Ren1 gene and normal renin levels, phenocopy the original global knockout line. Characteristic traits include an increased number of elastic lamellae and SMC layers, stiff elastic arteries, and systolic hypertension with widened pulse pressure. Importantly, small resistance arteries of Sox2-Cre;Eln+/f mice exhibit a significant change in endothelial cell function and hypercontractility to angiotensin II, findings that point to pathway-specific alterations in resistance arteries that contribute to the hypertensive phenotype. These data confirm that the cardiovascular changes, particularly systolic hypertension, seen in Eln+/- mice are due to Eln hemizygosity rather than Ren duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M Brengle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michelle Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robyn A Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kara D Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
| | - Carmen M Halabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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46
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Vortex Formation Time is a Novel Measure for Early Detection of Diastolic Abnormalities in Adolescents with Hypertension. Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 44:1135-1142. [PMID: 36781465 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric hypertension (HTN) has demonstrated an upward trend in recent years. Adolescent HTN has been linked to adult HTN, cardiovascular disease, and other health conditions. Thus, it is essential that HTN and its associated cardiac abnormalities be diagnosed and treated early to minimize lifelong adverse effects. In this study, we evaluated whether vortex formation time (VFT), a validated echocardiogram measure of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, correlated with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and HTN in adolescents. Echocardiogram data including systolic and diastolic function indices and ABPM data from 2015 to 2022 in adolescents age 13-21 years were analyzed retrospectively. We found that VFT was significantly lower in adolescents with HTN compared to those without HTN (3.69 ± 1.39 vs. 4.50 ± 1.73, p = 0.02). Standard echocardiographic indices of systolic and diastolic function were similar between the two groups, except indexed left atrial volume. Higher overall systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = - 0.01, CI - 0.02, - 2.2 × 10-3, p = 0.02), mean wake SBP (β = - 0.01, CI - 0.02, - 9.4 × 10-4, p = 0.03), and mean sleep SBP (β = - 0.01, CI - 0.02, - 1.2 × 10-3, p = 0.03) were significantly associated with lower VFT. This study demonstrates that VFT correlates to ABPM data and can be used a novel diagnostic measure in adolescents with HTN.
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Shiina K, Takahashi T, Nakano H, Fujii M, Iwasaki Y, Matsumoto C, Yamashina A, Chikamori T, Tomiyama H. Longitudinal Associations between Alcohol Intake and Arterial Stiffness, Pressure Wave Reflection, and Inflammation. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:192-202. [PMID: 35491101 PMCID: PMC9925206 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This prospective observational study, which utilized repeated annual measurements performed over a 9-year period, applied mixed model analyses to examine age-related differences in longitudinal associations between alcohol intake and arterial stiffness, pressure wave reflection, and inflammation. METHODS In 4016 middle-aged (43±9 years) healthy Japanese male employees, alcohol intake, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), radial augmentation index (rAI), and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured annually during a 9-year study period. RESULTS The estimated marginal mean baPWV (non-drinkers=1306 cm/s, mild-moderate drinkers=1311 cm/s, and heavy drinkers=1337 cm/s, P<0.01) and that of rAI showed significant stepped increases in an alcohol dose-dependent manner in the entire cohort, but an increase in rAI was not observed in subjects aged ≥ 50 years. The estimated slope of the annual increase in baPWV, but not rAI, was higher for heavy drinkers than for non-drinkers (slope difference, 1.84; P<0.05), especially for subjects aged <50 years (slope difference, 2.84; P<0.05). CONCLUSION In middle-aged male Japanese employees, alcohol intake may attenuate inflammatory activity. While alcohol intake may exacerbate the progression of arterial stiffening in a dose-dependent manner without mediating inflammation, especially in subjects under 50 years of age, it may promote pressure wave reflection abnormalities with aging at earlier ages without further exacerbation at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Shiina
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Nakano
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatsune Fujii
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Iwasaki
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisa Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Ahmadizar F, Wang K, Roos M, Bos M, Mattace-Raso F, Kavousi M. Association between arterial stiffness/remodeling and new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus in general population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 196:110237. [PMID: 36610547 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied if large artery stiffness is involved in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. We also investigated the effect of genetic risk for type 2 diabetes in these associations and the causality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study (n = 3,055; mean age, 67.2 years), markers of aortic and carotid stiffnesses and measures of arterial remodeling were assessed. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis estimated the associations between arterial stiffness measures with incident type 2 diabetes. We used 403 single nucleotide polymorphisms to calculate the genetic risk score (GRS) for type 2 diabetes. We adopted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal associations. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 14.0 years, higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (hazard ratio,1.18; 95 %CI: 1.04-1.35), carotid distensibility coefficient (1.17; 1.04-1.32), and carotid intima-media thickness (1.15; 1.01-1.32) were independently associated with incident diabetes. The associations were stronger among individuals with a higher GRS for type 2 diabetes. MR analysis did not support the causality of the observed associations. CONCLUSIONS Elevated arterial stiffness is independently associated with incident type 2 diabetes. For most arterial stiffness markers, the associations with incident type 2 diabetes were more robust in individuals with a higher GRS for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Ahmadizar
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maurits Roos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maxime Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Mattace-Raso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Murtada SI, Kawamura Y, Cavinato C, Wang M, Ramachandra AB, Spronck B, Tellides G, Humphrey JD. Smooth Muscle Cell Death Drives an Osteochondrogenic Phenotype and Severe Proximal Vascular Disease in Progeria. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.10.523266. [PMID: 36711514 PMCID: PMC9882088 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.10.523266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome results in rapid aging and severe cardiovascular sequelae that accelerate near end of life. We associate progressive deterioration of arterial structure and function with single cell transcriptional changes, which reveals a rapid disease process in proximal elastic arteries that largely spares distal muscular arteries. These data suggest a novel sequence of progressive vascular disease in progeria: initial extracellular matrix remodeling followed by mechanical stress-induced smooth muscle cell death in proximal arteries, leading a subset of remnant smooth muscle cells to an osteochondrogenic phenotypic modulation that results in an accumulation of proteoglycans that thickens the wall and increases pulse wave velocity, with late calcification exacerbating these effects. Increased pulse wave velocity drives left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, the primary diagnosis in progeria children. Mitigating smooth muscle cell loss / phenotypic modulation promises to have important cardiovascular implications in progeria patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Il Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuki Kawamura
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cristina Cavinato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jay D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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50
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Talle MA, Doubell AF, Robbertse PPS, Lahri S, Herbst PG. Clinical Profile of Patients with Hypertensive Emergency Referred to a Tertiary Hospital in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Curr Hypertens Rev 2023; 19:194-205. [PMID: 37957866 DOI: 10.2174/0115734021266958231101094556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in managing hypertension, hypertensive emergencies remain a common indication for emergency room visits. Our study aimed to determine the clinical profile of patients referred with hypertensive emergencies. METHODS We conducted an observational study involving patients aged ≥18 years referred with hypertensive crisis. A diagnosis of hypertensive emergencies was based on a systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥180 mmHg and/or a diastolic BP ≥110 mmHg, with acute hypertension-mediated organ damage (aHMOD). Patients without evidence of aHMOD were considered hypertensive urgencies. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and unconscious patients were excluded from the study. RESULTS Eighty-two patients were included, comprising 66 (80.5%) with hypertensive emergencies and 16 (19.5%) with hypertensive urgencies. The mean age of patients with hypertensive emergencies was 47.9 (13.2) years, and 66.7% were males. Age, systolic BP, and duration of hypertension were similar in the hypertensive crisis cohort. Most patients with hypertensive emergencies reported nonadherence to medication (78%) or presented de novo without a prior diagnosis of hypertension (36%). Cardiac aHMOD (acute pulmonary edema and myocardial infarction) occurred in 66%, while neurological emergencies (intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and hypertensive encephalopathy) occurred in 33.3%. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.001), NT-proBNP (P=0.024), and cardiac troponin (P<0.001) were higher in hypertensive emergencies compared to urgencies. LDH did not differ in the subtypes of hypertensive emergencies. CONCLUSION Cardiovascular and neurological emergencies are the most common hypertensive emergencies. Most patients reported nonadherence to medication or presented de novo without a prior diagnosis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Talle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri and University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri 600004, Nigeria
| | - Anton F Doubell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Pieter-Paul S Robbertse
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Sa'ad Lahri
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Philip G Herbst
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
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