1
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Wu Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Hong Z, Wang D. Sephin1 enhances integrated stress response and autophagy to alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116869. [PMID: 38850665 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Integrated stress response (ISR) is activated to promote cell survival by maintaining the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). We investigated whether Sephin1 enhances ISR and attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) injury. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were injected with Sephin1 (2 mg/kg,i.p.) 30 min before surgery to establish a model of MIR with 45 min ischemia and 180 min reperfusion. In vitro, the H9C2 cell line with hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) was used to simulate MIR. Myocardial injury was evaluated by echocardiography, histologic observation after staining with TTC and H&E and electron microscopy. ISR, autophagy and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro were evaluated by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry, respectively. Global protein synthesis was determined using a non-radioactive SUnSET Assay based on the puromycin method. Autophinib, an autophagy-specific inhibitor, was used to investigate the correlation between autophagy and apoptosis in the presence of Sephin1. RESULTS In vivo, Sephin1 significantly reduced myocardial injury and improved the cardiac function in MIR mice. Sephin1 administration prolonged ISR, reduced cell apoptosis, and promoted autophagy. In vitro, Sephin1 increased the number of stress granules (SGs) and autophagic vesicles, enhanced ISR and related protein synthesis suppression, and reduced cell apoptosis. Autophinib partly reversed autophagosome formation and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Sephin1 enhances ISR and related protein synthesis suppression, ameliorates myocardial apoptosis, and promotes autophagy during MIR stress. Sephin1 could act as a noval ISR enhancer for managing acute myocardial ischemia disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Huabin Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Zongyuan Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Deguo Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China.
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2
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Canton L, Suma N, Amicone S, Impellizzeri A, Bodega F, Marinelli V, Ciarlantini M, Casuso M, Bavuso L, Belà R, Salerno J, Armillotta M, Angeli F, Sansonetti A, Attinà D, Russo V, Lovato L, Tuttolomondo D, Gaibazzi N, Bergamaschi L, Pizzi C. Clinical impact of multimodality assessment of myocardial viability. Echocardiography 2024; 41:e15854. [PMID: 38940225 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a prevalent cause of left ventricular dysfunction. Nevertheless, effective elective revascularization, particularly surgical revascularization, can enhance long-term outcomes and, in selected cases, global left ventricular contractility. The assessment of myocardial viability and scars is still relevant in guiding treatment decisions and selecting patients who are likely to benefit most from blood flow restoration. Although the most recent randomized studies challenge the notion of "hibernating myocardium" and the clinical usefulness of assessing myocardial viability, the advancement of imaging techniques still renders this assessment valuable in specific situations. According to the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology, non-invasive stress imaging may be employed to define myocardial ischemia and viability in patients with CAD and heart failure before revascularization. Currently, several non-invasive imaging techniques are available to evaluate the presence and extent of viable myocardium. The selection of the most suitable technique should be based on the patient, clinical context, and resource availability. This narrative review evaluates the characteristics of available imaging modalities for assessing myocardial viability to determine the most appropriate therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Canton
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicole Suma
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Amicone
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Impellizzeri
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bodega
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Virginia Marinelli
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Ciarlantini
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Casuso
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bavuso
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rebecca Belà
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Salerno
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Armillotta
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Angeli
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Sansonetti
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Attinà
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Lovato
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Gaibazzi
- Department of Cardiology, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Bergamaschi
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Pizzi
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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3
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Corradi F, Masini G, Bucciarelli T, De Caterina R. Iron deficiency in myocardial ischaemia: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2405-2420. [PMID: 37722377 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic iron deficiency (SID), even in the absence of anaemia, worsens the prognosis and increases mortality in heart failure (HF). Recent clinical-epidemiological studies, however, have shown that a myocardial iron deficiency (MID) is frequently present in cases of severe HF, even in the absence of SID and without anaemia. In addition, experimental studies have shown a poor correlation between the state of systemic and myocardial iron. MID in animal models leads to severe mitochondrial dysfunction, alterations of mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis, with profound alterations in cardiac mechanics and the occurrence of a fatal cardiomyopathy, all effects prevented by intravenous administration of iron. This shifts the focus to the myocardial state of iron, in the absence of anaemia, as an important factor in prognostic worsening and mortality in HF. There is now epidemiological evidence that SID worsens prognosis and mortality also in patients with acute and chronic coronary heart disease and experimental evidence that MID aggravates acute myocardial ischaemia as well as post-ischaemic remodelling. Intravenous administration of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) or ferric dextrane improves post-ischaemic adverse remodelling. We here review such evidence, propose that MID worsens ischaemia/reperfusion injury, and discuss possible molecular mechanisms, such as chronic hyperactivation of HIF1-α, exacerbation of cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium overload, amplified increase of mitochondrial [NADH]/[NAD+] ratio, and depletion of energy status and NAD+ content with inhibition of sirtuin 1-3 activity. Such evidence now portrays iron metabolism as a core factor not only in HF but also in myocardial ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Corradi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gabriele Masini
- Chair and Postgraduate School of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tonino Bucciarelli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Chair and Postgraduate School of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione VillaSerena per la Ricerca, Viale L. Petruzzi 42, 65013, Città Sant'Angelo, Pescara, Italy
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4
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Pontone G, Rossi A, Gimelli A, Neglia D. Should we choose CT angiography first instead of SPECT/PET first for the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease? Atherosclerosis 2023; 385:117315. [PMID: 37890440 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In patients presenting with chest pain, current guidelines recommend the use of coronary computed tomography angiography and single-photon emission tomography/positron emission tomography, both with equal class 1 indication and level of evidence A. There is no clear recommendation on which test should be used as a first-line test. The choice of the test should be based on individualized clinical risk assessment, patient characteristics, local expertise/availability, and patient preferences. In this context, it is fair to ask which non-invasive imaging test to choose. The debate reproduced in this article answers this question by summarizing the considerations in selecting present state-of-the-art criteria of the right test for the right patient to ensure efficient resource utilization, minimize unnecessary testing, and maximize diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Pontone
- Department of Periooperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alexia Rossi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Gimelli
- Imaging Department, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Danilo Neglia
- Cardiovascular and Imaging Departments, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy; Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
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5
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Zhang X, Hu C, Ma ZG, Hu M, Yuan XP, Yuan YP, Wang SS, Kong CY, Teng T, Tang QZ. Tisp40 prevents cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3383. [PMID: 37291168 PMCID: PMC10250363 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) produces uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) to facilitate O-linked GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) protein modifications, and subsequently enhance cell survival under lethal stresses. Transcript induced in spermiogenesis 40 (Tisp40) is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane-resident transcription factor and plays critical roles in cell homeostasis. Here, we show that Tisp40 expression, cleavage and nuclear accumulation are increased by cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Global Tisp40 deficiency exacerbates, whereas cardiomyocyte-restricted Tisp40 overexpression ameliorates I/R-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and acute cardiac injury, and modulates cardiac remodeling and dysfunction following long-term observations in male mice. In addition, overexpression of nuclear Tisp40 is sufficient to attenuate cardiac I/R injury in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic studies indicate that Tisp40 directly binds to a conserved unfolded protein response element (UPRE) of the glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 (GFPT1) promoter, and subsequently potentiates HBP flux and O-GlcNAc protein modifications. Moreover, we find that I/R-induced upregulation, cleavage and nuclear accumulation of Tisp40 in the heart are mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our findings identify Tisp40 as a cardiomyocyte-enriched UPR-associated transcription factor, and targeting Tisp40 may develop effective approaches to mitigate cardiac I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Pin Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Pei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Yan Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China.
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6
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Nappi C, Panico M, Falzarano M, Vallone C, Ponsiglione A, Cutillo P, Zampella E, Petretta M, Cuocolo A. Tracers for Cardiac Imaging: Targeting the Future of Viable Myocardium. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051532. [PMID: 37242772 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. In this context, myocardial viability is defined as the amount of myocardium that, despite contractile dysfunction, maintains metabolic and electrical function, having the potential for functional enhancement upon revascularization. Recent advances have improved methods to detect myocardial viability. The current paper summarizes the pathophysiological basis of the current methods used to detect myocardial viability in light of the advancements in the development of new radiotracers for cardiac imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Nappi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Panico
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Council of Research, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Falzarano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Vallone
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ponsiglione
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Cutillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Zampella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Petretta
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Cuocolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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7
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Hu Y, Lu H, Li H, Ge J. Molecular basis and clinical implications of HIFs in cardiovascular diseases. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:916-938. [PMID: 36208988 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen maintains the homeostasis of an organism in a delicate balance in different tissues and organs. Under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are specific and dominant factors in the spatiotemporal regulation of oxygen homeostasis. As the most basic functional unit of the heart at the cellular level, the cardiomyocyte relies on oxygen and nutrients delivered by the microvasculature to keep the heart functioning properly. Under hypoxic stress, HIFs are involved in acute and chronic myocardial pathology because of their spatiotemporal specificity, thus granting them therapeutic potential. Most adult animals lack the ability to regenerate their myocardium entirely following injury, and complete regeneration has long been a goal of clinical treatment for heart failure. The precise manipulation of HIFs (considering their dynamic balance and transformation) and the development of HIF-targeted drugs is therefore an extremely attractive cardioprotective therapy for protecting against myocardial ischemic and hypoxic injury, avoiding myocardial remodeling and heart failure, and promoting recovery of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Edvardsen T, Asch FM, Davidson B, Delgado V, DeMaria A, Dilsizian V, Gaemperli O, Garcia MJ, Kamp O, Lee DC, Neglia D, Neskovic AN, Pellikka PA, Plein S, Sechtem U, Shea E, Sicari R, Villines TC, Lindner JR, Popescu BA. Non-Invasive Imaging in Coronary Syndromes: Recommendations of The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography, in Collaboration with The American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022; 16:362-383. [PMID: 35729014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thor Edvardsen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Federico M Asch
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Brian Davidson
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vasken Dilsizian
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Mario J Garcia
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Bronx, New York
| | - Otto Kamp
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel C Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Danilo Neglia
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto di Scienze della Vita Scuola Superiore Sant Anna Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aleksandar N Neskovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Patricia A Pellikka
- Division of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sven Plein
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Udo Sechtem
- Cardiologicum Stuttgart and Department of Cardiology, Robert Bosch Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elaine Shea
- Alta Bates Summit Medical Center, Berkeley and Oakland, Berkeley, California
| | - Rosa Sicari
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Todd C Villines
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia Health Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jonathan R Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Bogdan A Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Euroecolab, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu, Bucharest, Romania
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9
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Myocardial Viability – An Important Decision Making Factor in the Treatment Protocol for Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2022-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) affects > 110 million individuals worldwide and represents an important contributor to the rise in the prevalence of heart failure and the associated mortality and morbidity. Despite modern therapies, up to one-third of patients with acute myocardial infarction would develop heart failure. IHD is a pathologic condition of the myocardium resulting from the imbalance in a given moment between its oxygen demands and the actual perfusion. Acute and chronic forms of the disease may potentially lead to extensive and permanent damage of the cardiac muscle. From a clinical point of view, determination of the still viable extent of myocardium is crucial for the therapeutic protocol – since ischemia is the underlying cause, then revascularization should provide for a better prognosis. Different methods for evaluation of myocardial viability have been described – each one presenting some advantages over the others, being, in the same time, inferior in some respects. The review offers a relatively comprehensive overview of methods available for determining myocardial viability.
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10
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Haidar A, Taegtmeyer H. Strategies for Imaging Metabolic Remodeling of the Heart in Obesity and Heart Failure. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:327-335. [PMID: 35107704 PMCID: PMC9074778 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Define early myocardial metabolic changes among patients with obesity and heart failure, and to describe noninvasive methods and their applications for imaging cardiac metabolic remodeling. RECENT FINDINGS Metabolic remodeling precedes, triggers, and sustains functional and structural remodeling in the stressed heart. Alterations in cardiac metabolism can be assessed by using a variety of molecular probes. The glucose tracer analog, 18F-FDG, and the labeled tracer 11C-palmitate are still the most commonly used tracers to assess glucose and fatty acid metabolism, respectively. The development of new tracer analogs and imaging agents, including those targeting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), provides new opportunities for imaging metabolic activities at a molecular level. While the use of cardiac magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the clinical setting is limited to the assessment of intramyocardial and epicardial fat, new technical improvements are likely to increase its usage in the setting of heart failure. Noninvasive imaging methods are an effective tool for the serial assessment of alterations in cardiac metabolism, either during disease progression, or in response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amier Haidar
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 1.220, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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11
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Edvardsen T, Asch FM, Davidson B, Delgado V, DeMaria A, Dilsizian V, Gaemperli O, Garcia MJ, Kamp O, Lee DC, Neglia D, Neskovic AN, Pellikka PA, Plein S, Sechtem U, Shea E, Sicari R, Villines TC, Lindner JR, Popescu BA. Non-Invasive Imaging in Coronary Syndromes: Recommendations of The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography, in Collaboration with The American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2022; 35:329-354. [PMID: 35379446 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thor Edvardsen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Federico M Asch
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Brian Davidson
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vasken Dilsizian
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Mario J Garcia
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Bronx, New York
| | - Otto Kamp
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel C Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Danilo Neglia
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto di Scienze della Vita Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna - Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aleksandar N Neskovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Patricia A Pellikka
- Division of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sven Plein
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Udo Sechtem
- Cardiologicum Stuttgart and Department of Cardiology, Robert Bosch Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elaine Shea
- Alta Bates Summit Medical Center, Berkeley and Oakland, Berkeley, California
| | - Rosa Sicari
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Todd C Villines
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia Health Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jonathan R Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Bogdan A Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila"-Euroecolab, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu", Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Heusch G. Coronary blood flow in heart failure: cause, consequence and bystander. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:1. [PMID: 35024969 PMCID: PMC8758654 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome where cardiac output is not sufficient to sustain adequate perfusion and normal bodily functions, initially during exercise and in more severe forms also at rest. The two most frequent forms are heart failure of ischemic origin and of non-ischemic origin. In heart failure of ischemic origin, reduced coronary blood flow is causal to cardiac contractile dysfunction, and this is true for stunned and hibernating myocardium, coronary microembolization, myocardial infarction and post-infarct remodeling, possibly also for the takotsubo syndrome. The most frequent form of non-ischemic heart failure is dilated cardiomyopathy, caused by genetic mutations, myocarditis, toxic agents or sustained tachyarrhythmias, where alterations in coronary blood flow result from and contribute to cardiac contractile dysfunction. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is caused by genetic mutations but can also result from increased pressure and volume overload (hypertension, valve disease). Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is characterized by pronounced coronary microvascular dysfunction, the causal contribution of which is however not clear. The present review characterizes the alterations of coronary blood flow which are causes or consequences of heart failure in its different manifestations. Apart from any potentially accompanying coronary atherosclerosis, all heart failure entities share common features of impaired coronary blood flow, but to a different extent: enhanced extravascular compression, impaired nitric oxide-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilation and enhanced vasoconstriction to mediators of neurohumoral activation. Impaired coronary blood flow contributes to the progression of heart failure and is thus a valid target for established and novel treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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13
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14
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Jayadeva PS, Better N. How viable is SPECT for viability assessment in the PET era? J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2557-2559. [PMID: 32140995 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra S Jayadeva
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan St, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nathan Better
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan St, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan St, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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15
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Edvardsen T, Asch FM, Davidson B, Delgado V, DeMaria A, Dilsizian V, Gaemperli O, Garcia MJ, Kamp O, Lee DC, Neglia D, Neskovic AN, Pellikka PA, Plein S, Sechtem U, Shea E, Sicari R, Villines TC, Lindner JR, Popescu BA. Non-invasive Imaging in Coronary Syndromes - Recommendations of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography, in Collaboration with the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 23:e6-e33. [PMID: 34751391 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with a high socioeconomic impact.(1) Non-invasive imaging modalities play a fundamental role in the evaluation and management of patients with known or suspected CAD. Imaging end-points have served as surrogate markers in many observational studies and randomized clinical trials that evaluated the benefits of specific therapies for CAD.(2) A number of guidelines and recommendations have been published about coronary syndromes by cardiology societies and associations, but have not focused on the excellent opportunities with cardiac imaging. The recent European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2019 guideline on chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) and 2020 guideline on acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation (NSTE-ACS) highlight the importance of non-invasive imaging in the diagnosis, treatment, and risk assessment of the disease.(3)(4) The purpose of the current recommendations is to present the significant role of non-invasive imaging in coronary syndromes in more detail. These recommendations have been developed by the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE), in collaboration with the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, all of which have approved the final document.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Edvardsen
- Dept of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo Norway, and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Federico M Asch
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, . USA
| | - Brian Davidson
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University; VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vasken Dilsizian
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Mario J Garcia
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, New York, 10467, USA
| | - Otto Kamp
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel C Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Danilo Neglia
- Department of Cardiology, Fondazione Toscana G. Monastrerio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aleksandar N Neskovic
- Dept of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Zemun, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Patricia A Pellikka
- Division of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sven Plein
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Udo Sechtem
- Cardiologicum Stuttgart and Department of Cardiology, Robert Bosch Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elaine Shea
- Alta Bates Summit Medical Center, Berkeley and Oakland, California, ., USA
| | - Rosa Sicari
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa and Milan, Italy
| | - Todd C Villines
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Bogdan A Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" - Euroecolab, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu", Bucharest, Romania
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16
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Gewirtz H. PET 18F-flurpridaz quantitative measurements of myocardial blood flow: Added value for diagnosis of coronary artery disease? Of course! J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2330-2334. [PMID: 32020502 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Gewirtz
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Cardiac Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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17
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Liu Y, Shu JC, Wang MF, Xu ZJ, Yang L, Meng XW, Duan WB, Zhang N, Shao F, Liu RH, Chen LY. Melanoxylonin A-G, neoflavonoids from the heartwood of Dalbergia melanoxylon and their cardioprotective effects. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 189:112845. [PMID: 34171505 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seven undescribed neoflavonoids, named melanoxylonins A-G, were isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia melanoxylon, and all the non-toxic isolates were evaluated for their cardioprotective effect against ischemia/reoxygenation (I/R) injury in H9c2 cells. Of these, melanoxylonin A-D containing the 8-OH group showed better potent cardioprotective effects than the other four congeners. Molecular docking studies confirmed the capacity of melanoxylonin D to interact with the myeloperoxidase (MPO) protein. These results indicated that the potential cardioprotective effects of melanoxylonin D in H9c2 cells with I/R injury may be imparted through suppression of MPO. These results may provide a new medicinal usage of D. melanoxylon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Meng-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Zhang-Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wen-Bing Duan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Feng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Rong-Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Lan-Ying Chen
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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18
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Almeida AG, Carpenter JP, Cameli M, Donal E, Dweck MR, Flachskampf FA, Maceira AM, Muraru D, Neglia D, Pasquet A, Plein S, Gerber BL. Multimodality imaging of myocardial viability: an expert consensus document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 22:e97-e125. [PMID: 34097006 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical decision making, myocardial viability is defined as myocardium in acute or chronic coronary artery disease and other conditions with contractile dysfunction but maintained metabolic and electrical function, having the potential to improve dysfunction upon revascularization or other therapy. Several pathophysiological conditions may coexist to explain this phenomenon. Cardiac imaging may allow identification of myocardial viability through different principles, with the purpose of prediction of therapeutic response and selection for treatment. This expert consensus document reviews current insight into the underlying pathophysiology and available methods for assessing viability. In particular the document reviews contemporary viability imaging techniques, including stress echocardiography, single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, and computed tomography and provides clinical recommendations for how to standardize these methods in terms of acquisition and interpretation. Finally, it presents clinical scenarios where viability assessment is clinically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Almeida
- Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon University, University Hospital Santa Maria/CHLN, Portugal
| | - John-Paul Carpenter
- Cardiology Department, University Hospitals Dorset, NHS Foundation Trust, Poole Hospital, Longfleet Road, Poole, Dorset BH15 2JB, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, Siena, Italy
| | - Erwan Donal
- Department of Cardiology, CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI-UMR 1099, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Marc R Dweck
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh & Edinburgh Heart Centre, Chancellors Building Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Frank A Flachskampf
- Dept. of Med. Sciences, Uppsala University, and Cardiology and Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Akademiska, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alicia M Maceira
- Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Ascires Biomedical Group Colon St, 1, Valencia 46004, Spain; Department of Medicine, Health Sciences School, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, Lluís Vives St. 1, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Denisa Muraru
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Neglia
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio-Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Agnès Pasquet
- Service de Cardiologie, Département Cardiovasculaire, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, and Division CARD, Institut de Recherche Expérimental et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Av Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven Plein
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard L Gerber
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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19
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Ikemoto K, Hashimoto K, Harada Y, Kumamoto Y, Hayakawa M, Mochizuki K, Matsuo K, Yashiro K, Yaku H, Takamatsu T, Tanaka H. Raman Spectroscopic Assessment of Myocardial Viability in Langendorff-Perfused Ischemic Rat Hearts. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2021; 54:65-72. [PMID: 34012178 PMCID: PMC8116620 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.21-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy, which senses changes in cellular contents of reduced cytochrome c, could be a powerful tool for label-free evaluation of ischemic hearts. However, undetermined is whether it is applicable to evaluation of myocardial viability in ischemic hearts. To address this issue, we investigated sequential changes in Raman spectra of the subepicardial myocardium in the Langendorff-perfused rat heart before and during ligation of the left coronary artery and its subsequent release and re-ligation. Under 532-nm wavelength excitation, the Raman peak intensity of reduced cytochrome c at 747 cm-1 increased quickly after the coronary ligation, and reached a quasi-steady state within 30 min. Subsequent reperfusion of the heart after a short-term (30-min) ligation that simulates reversible conditions resulted in quick recovery of the peak intensity to the baseline. Further re-ligation resulted in resurgence of the peak intensity to nearly the identical value to the first ischemia value. In contrast, reperfusion after prolonged (120-min) ligation that assumes irreversible states resulted in incomplete recovery of the peak intensity, and re-ligation resulted in inadequate resurgence. Electron microscopic observations confirmed the spectral findings. Together, the Raman spectroscopic measurement for cytochrome c could be applicable to evaluation of viability of the ischemic myocardium without labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Kosuke Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
- Present address: Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Yasuaki Kumamoto
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
- Present address: Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Michiyo Hayakawa
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Kentaro Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Kazuhiko Matsuo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Kenta Yashiro
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Hitoshi Yaku
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Tetsuro Takamatsu
- Department of Medical Photonics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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20
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Helix B Surface Peptide Protects Cardiomyocytes From Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-induced Autophagy Through the PI3K/Akt Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:181-188. [PMID: 32404595 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helix B surface peptide (HBSP) is a newly discovered tissue-protective erythropoietin derivative that provides benefits after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. This study explores the cardioprotective effects of HBSP in myocardial cells in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and its potential mechanism. METHODS In this study, rat ventricular (H9c2) cell cultures were established and pretreated with HBSP. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were randomly assigned to the control, H/R, H/R + LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor), HBSP + H/R, and HBSP + H/R + LY294002 groups. The pretreated cardiomyocytes underwent H/R, and the cardiomyocytes were monitored for viability through a CCK-8 assay, whereas flow cytometry was used to test cell apoptosis. Orgotein Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression were monitored by SOD and LDH kits, respectively. The expression of LC3 autophagosomes was determined by immunocytochemistry. The expression of LC3II/LC3I, p-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) mTOR, mTOR, Beclin 1, p-PI3K, PI3K p-Akt, and Akt was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS HBSP increased cell viability and reduced SOD and LDH production, and it also reduced H/R-induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, the expression of the autophagy-related proteins (LC3II/LC3I) was inhibited by HBSP, whereas the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR was enhanced. However, the PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) notably abolished these effects in H9c2 cells. CONCLUSIONS HBSP inhibits excessive autophagy and apoptosis induced by H/R by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. HBSP may potentially be a therapeutic intervention for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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21
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Dilsizian V. Interpretation and clinical management of patients with "Fixed" myocardial perfusion defects : A call for quantifying endocardial-to-epicardial distribution of blood flow. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:723-728. [PMID: 33415645 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasken Dilsizian
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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22
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Gewirtz H. The "fixed" SPECT MPI defect: Where are we and where should we be going? J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:730-734. [PMID: 33175302 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This brief review focuses on reasons why myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) SPECT defects may appear "fixed" (rest vs stress). A combination of technical and physiology factors are responsible in most cases and are discussed. Perhaps the major reason defects will appear fixed is that there is no absolute quantitative measurement of myocardial blood flow (MBF, rest and stress) with which to assess the magnitude and potential direction of change in the defect vs reference zone with stress. Cardiac PET MPI provides absolute measurements of MBF required to understand the clinical significance of the SPECT "fixed" defect and are highlighted. Emphasis is given to use of the actual MBF measurements though indexing stress MBF to that of truly normal subjects (RFR or FFRPET) will prove useful in recognition of multi-vessel CAD. The availability of 18F flurpiridaz for clinical use is likely to encourage more widespread adoption of cardiac PET MPI for evaluation of patients with known or suspected CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Gewirtz
- Cardiac Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 14 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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23
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Long L, Yu Z, Chen S, Wu J, Liu Y, Peng J, Qu H, Fu C. Pretreatment of Huoxue Jiedu Formula Ameliorates Myocardial Ischaemia/Reperfusion Injury by Decreasing Autophagy via Activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:608790. [PMID: 33716739 PMCID: PMC7952439 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.608790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) results in myocardial injury via excessive autophagy. Huoxue Jiedu Formula (HJF) has been widely applied in China for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease. However, the mechanisms of HJF are still poorly understood. Thus, the present experiment was designed to observe the effects of HJF on myocardial I/R injury and explore the possible mechanism. Methods: Myocardial injury in rats subjected to myocardial I/R was reflected by nitrotetrazolium blue chloride staining, thioflavin S staining, serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT). Autophagy was determined by electron microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, Q-PCR and western blot. The possible pathway was predicted by network pharmacology and validated in vivo and in vitro. Results: Pretreatment of HJF decreased the no-reflow area, infarcted area, serum CK-MB levels and serum cTnT levels in I/R rat model. In addition, pretreatment of HJF decreased autophagy in heart tissues (decrease in Beclin-1 and LC3-II, and increase in Bcl-2, p62 and ratio of LC3-I/LC3-II). In the vivo study, pretreatment of HJF significantly decreased hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced autophagy in H9C2 cells. Network pharmacology was applied to predict the possible mechanism by which HJF affects cardiac autophagy, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway was the most significantly enriched pathway. And experimental studies demonstrated that pretreatment of HJF increased the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR, and the effects of HJF on autophagy would be offset by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Conclusion: Pretreatment of HJF ameliorates myocardial I/R injury by decreasing autophagy through activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzi Long
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zikai Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - ShengJun Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changgeng Fu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Unlike acute myocardial infarction with reperfusion, in which infarct size is the end point reflecting irreversible injury, myocardial stunning and hibernation result from reversible myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and contractile dysfunction is the obvious end point. Stunned myocardium is characterized by a disproportionately long-lasting, yet fully reversible, contractile dysfunction that follows brief bouts of myocardial ischaemia. Reperfusion precipitates a burst of reactive oxygen species formation and alterations in excitation-contraction coupling, which interact and cause the contractile dysfunction. Hibernating myocardium is characterized by reduced regional contractile function and blood flow, which both recover after reperfusion or revascularization. Short-term myocardial hibernation is an adaptation of contractile function to the reduced blood flow such that energy and substrate metabolism recover during the ongoing ischaemia. Chronic myocardial hibernation is characterized by severe morphological alterations and altered expression of metabolic and pro-survival proteins. Myocardial stunning is observed clinically and must be recognized but is rarely haemodynamically compromising and does not require treatment. Myocardial hibernation is clinically identified with the use of imaging techniques, and the myocardium recovers after revascularization. Several trials in the past two decades have challenged the superiority of revascularization over medical therapy for symptomatic relief and prognosis in patients with chronic coronary syndromes. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of myocardial stunning and hibernation is important for a more precise indication of revascularization and its consequences. Therefore, this Review summarizes the current knowledge of the pathophysiology of these characteristic reperfusion phenomena and highlights their clinical implications.
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Bose HS, Whittal RM, Marshall B, Rajapaksha M, Wang NP, Bose M, Perry EW, Zhao ZQ, Miller WL. A Novel Mitochondrial Complex of Aldosterone Synthase, Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein, and Tom22 Synthesizes Aldosterone in the Rat Heart. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:108-120. [PMID: 33526603 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone, which regulates renal salt retention, is synthesized in adrenocortical mitochondria in response to angiotensin II. Excess aldosterone causes myocardial injury and heart failure, but potential intracardiac aldosterone synthesis has been controversial. We hypothesized that the stressed heart might produce aldosterone. We used blue native gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, protein crosslinking, coimmunoprecipitations, and mass spectrometry to assess rat cardiac aldosterone synthesis. Chronic infusion of angiotensin II increased circulating corticosterone levels 350-fold and induced cardiac fibrosis. Angiotensin II doubled and telmisartan inhibited aldosterone synthesis by heart mitochondria and cardiac production of aldosterone synthase (P450c11AS). Heart aldosterone synthesis required P450c11AS, Tom22 (a mitochondrial translocase receptor), and the intramitochondrial form of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR); protein crosslinking and coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that these three proteins form a 110-kDa complex. In steroidogenic cells, extramitochondrial (37-kDa) StAR promotes cholesterol movement from the outer to inner mitochondrial membrane where cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, thus initiating steroidogenesis, but no function has previously been ascribed to intramitochondrial (30-kDa) StAR; our data indicate that intramitochondrial 30-kDa StAR is required for aldosterone synthesis in the heart, forming a trimolecular complex with Tom22 and P450c11AS. This is the first activity ascribed to intramitochondrial StAR, but how this promotes P450c11AS activity is unclear. The stressed heart did not express P450scc, suggesting that circulating corticosterone (rather than intracellular cholesterol) is the substrate for cardiac aldosterone synthesis. Thus, the stressed heart produced aldosterone using a previously undescribed intramitochondrial mechanism that involves P450c11AS, Tom22, and 30-kDa StAR. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Prior studies of potential cardiac aldosterone synthesis have been inconsistent. This study shows that the stressed rat heart produces aldosterone by a novel mechanism involving aldosterone synthase, Tom22, and intramitochondrial steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) apparently using circulating corticosterone as substrate. This study establishes that the stressed rat heart produces aldosterone and for the first time identifies a biological role for intramitochondrial 30-kDa StAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu S Bose
- Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B., M.R., N.P.W., Z.-Q.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (R.M.W.); Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia (B.M., E.W.P.); Curtiss Healthcare, University of Florida Innovate Sid Martin Biotechbology Incubator, Gainesville, Florida (M.B.); Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B.); and Department of Pediatrics and Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (W.L.M.)
| | - Randy M Whittal
- Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B., M.R., N.P.W., Z.-Q.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (R.M.W.); Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia (B.M., E.W.P.); Curtiss Healthcare, University of Florida Innovate Sid Martin Biotechbology Incubator, Gainesville, Florida (M.B.); Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B.); and Department of Pediatrics and Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (W.L.M.)
| | - Brendan Marshall
- Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B., M.R., N.P.W., Z.-Q.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (R.M.W.); Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia (B.M., E.W.P.); Curtiss Healthcare, University of Florida Innovate Sid Martin Biotechbology Incubator, Gainesville, Florida (M.B.); Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B.); and Department of Pediatrics and Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (W.L.M.)
| | - Maheshinie Rajapaksha
- Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B., M.R., N.P.W., Z.-Q.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (R.M.W.); Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia (B.M., E.W.P.); Curtiss Healthcare, University of Florida Innovate Sid Martin Biotechbology Incubator, Gainesville, Florida (M.B.); Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B.); and Department of Pediatrics and Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (W.L.M.)
| | - Ning Ping Wang
- Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B., M.R., N.P.W., Z.-Q.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (R.M.W.); Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia (B.M., E.W.P.); Curtiss Healthcare, University of Florida Innovate Sid Martin Biotechbology Incubator, Gainesville, Florida (M.B.); Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B.); and Department of Pediatrics and Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (W.L.M.)
| | - Madhuchanda Bose
- Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B., M.R., N.P.W., Z.-Q.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (R.M.W.); Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia (B.M., E.W.P.); Curtiss Healthcare, University of Florida Innovate Sid Martin Biotechbology Incubator, Gainesville, Florida (M.B.); Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B.); and Department of Pediatrics and Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (W.L.M.)
| | - Elizabeth W Perry
- Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B., M.R., N.P.W., Z.-Q.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (R.M.W.); Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia (B.M., E.W.P.); Curtiss Healthcare, University of Florida Innovate Sid Martin Biotechbology Incubator, Gainesville, Florida (M.B.); Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B.); and Department of Pediatrics and Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (W.L.M.)
| | - Zhi-Qing Zhao
- Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B., M.R., N.P.W., Z.-Q.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (R.M.W.); Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia (B.M., E.W.P.); Curtiss Healthcare, University of Florida Innovate Sid Martin Biotechbology Incubator, Gainesville, Florida (M.B.); Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B.); and Department of Pediatrics and Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (W.L.M.)
| | - Walter L Miller
- Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B., M.R., N.P.W., Z.-Q.Z.); Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (R.M.W.); Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia (B.M., E.W.P.); Curtiss Healthcare, University of Florida Innovate Sid Martin Biotechbology Incubator, Gainesville, Florida (M.B.); Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia (H.S.B.); and Department of Pediatrics and Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (W.L.M.)
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Zhang N, Wang X. Circular RNA ITCH mediates H 2O 2-induced myocardial cell apoptosis by targeting miR-17-5p via wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 102:22-31. [PMID: 33350543 PMCID: PMC7839958 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a severe threat health worldwide, and circRNAs have been shown to be correlated with the development of cardiovascular disease. Expression of circ-ITCH and miR-17a-5p was evaluated by RT-qPCR. Cell viability was measured using CCK-8. Flow cytometry was applied to measure apoptosis rate. Binding between miR-17-5p and circ-ITCH was detected via luciferase reporter assays. Levels of ATP in cells were examined with ATP testing. Western blot was used to evaluate apoptosis-related proteins and proteins in Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. H2O2 induced apoptosis of H9c2 cells and lowered cell viability as well as ATP levels and circ-ITCH expression. After overexpression, circ-ITCH enhanced cell viability and ATP concentration. Meanwhile, apoptosis was inhibited. MiR-17-5p was the target of circ-ITCH as evidenced by luciferase report assays, with higher expression in H2O2-induced H9c2 cells. Knockdown of miR-17-5p could promote cell viability and level of ATP and curb apoptosis and p53 and PARP expression. Moreover, overexpressed miR-17-5p could reverse the function of upregulated circ-ITCH. Wnt3a, Wnt5a and β-catenin in Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway were increased after H2O2 induction. Suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway could initiate the process of injury in H9c2 cells. Circ-ITCH could protect myocardial cells from injuries caused by H2O2 by suppressing apoptosis while miR-17-5p played a reverse role, which could upregulate apoptosis and inhibit cell viability via Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengfeng Zhang
- First Clinical CollegeNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
- Cardiovascular DepartmentThe Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’anHuai’anChina
| | - Xu Wang
- First Clinical CollegeNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
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27
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Haider A, Bengs S, Schade K, Wijnen WJ, Portmann A, Etter D, Fröhlich S, Warnock GI, Treyer V, Burger IA, Fiechter M, Kudura K, Fuchs TA, Pazhenkottil AP, Buechel RR, Kaufmann PA, Meisel A, Stolzmann P, Gebhard C. Myocardial 18F-FDG Uptake Pattern for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Patients Undergoing Oncologic PET/CT. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072279. [PMID: 32709049 PMCID: PMC7408629 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose (18F-FDG-PET/CT) has become the standard staging modality in various tumor entities. Cancer patients frequently receive cardio-toxic therapies. However, routine cardiovascular assessment in oncologic patients is not performed in current clinical practice. Accordingly, this study sought to assess whether myocardial 18F-FDG uptake patterns of patients undergoing oncologic PET/CT can be used for cardiovascular risk stratification. Methods: Myocardial 18F-FDG uptake pattern was assessed in 302 patients undergoing both oncologic whole-body 18F-FDG-PET/CT and myocardial perfusion imaging by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-MPI) within a six-month period. Primary outcomes were myocardial 18F-FDG uptake pattern, impaired myocardial perfusion, ongoing ischemia, myocardial scar, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Results: Among all patients, 109 (36.1%) displayed no myocardial 18F-FDG uptake, 77 (25.5%) showed diffuse myocardial 18F-FDG uptake, 24 (7.9%) showed focal 18F-FDG uptake, and 92 (30.5%) had a focal on diffuse myocardial 18F-FDG uptake pattern. In contrast to the other uptake patterns, focal myocardial 18F-FDG uptake was predominantly observed in patients with myocardial abnormalities (i.e., abnormal perfusion, impaired LVEF, myocardial ischemia, or scar). Accordingly, a multivariate logistic regression identified focal myocardial 18F-FDG uptake as a strong predictor of abnormal myocardial function/perfusion (odds ratio (OR) 5.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.73–16.34, p = 0.003). Similarly, focal myocardial 18F-FDG uptake was an independent predictor of ongoing ischemia and myocardial scar (OR 4.17, 95% CI 1.53–11.4, p = 0.005 and OR 3.78, 95% CI 1.47–9.69, p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusions: Focal myocardial 18F-FDG uptake seen on oncologic PET/CT indicates a significantly increased risk for multiple myocardial abnormalities. Obtaining and taking this information into account will help to stratify patients according to risk and will reduce unnecessary cardiovascular complications in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Haider
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Susan Bengs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Schade
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Winandus J. Wijnen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Angela Portmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Etter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Fröhlich
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey I. Warnock
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Irene A. Burger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Michael Fiechter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Swiss Paraplegic Center, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Ken Kudura
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Tobias A. Fuchs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Aju P. Pazhenkottil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Ronny R. Buechel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Philipp A. Kaufmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Alexander Meisel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Paul Stolzmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Catherine Gebhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (K.S.); (W.J.W.); (A.P.); (D.E.); (S.F.); (G.I.W.); (V.T.); (I.A.B.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (T.A.F.); (A.P.P.); (R.R.B.); (P.A.K.); (A.M.); (P.S.); (C.G.)
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Garcia MJ, Kwong RY, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Taub CC, Blankstein R, Lima J, Bonow RO, Eshtehardi P, Bois JP. State of the Art: Imaging for Myocardial Viability: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13:e000053. [PMID: 32833510 DOI: 10.1161/hci.0000000000000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A substantial proportion of patients with acute myocardial infarction develop clinical heart failure, which remains a common and major healthcare burden. It has been shown that in patients with chronic coronary artery disease, ischemic episodes lead to a global pattern of cardiomyocyte remodeling and dedifferentiation, hallmarked by myolysis, glycogen accumulation, and alteration of structural proteins. These changes, in conjunction with an impaired global coronary reserve, may eventually become irreversible and result in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Moreover, noninvasive imaging of myocardial scar and hibernation can inform the risk of sudden cardiac death. Therefore, it would be intuitive that imaging of myocardial viability is an essential tool for the proper use of invasive treatment strategies and patient prognostication. However, this notion has been challenged by large-scale clinical trials demonstrating that, in the modern era of improved guideline-directed medical therapies, imaging of myocardial viability failed to deliver effective guidance of coronary bypass surgery to a reduction of adverse cardiac outcomes. In addition, current available imaging technologies in this regard are numerous, and they target diverse surrogates of structural or tissue substrates of myocardial viability. In this document, we examine these issues in the current clinical context, collect current evidence of imaging technology by modality, and inform future directions.
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29
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Zoghbi WA, DiCarli MF, Blankstein R, Choi AD, Dilsizian V, Flachskampf FA, Geske JB, Grayburn PA, Jaffer FA, Kwong RY, Leipsic JA, Marwick TH, Nagel E, Nieman K, Raman SV, Salerno M, Sengupta PP, Shaw LJ, Chandrashekhar YS. Multimodality Cardiovascular Imaging in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Ramping Up Safely to a New Normal. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13:1615-1626. [PMID: 32646721 PMCID: PMC7290215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William A Zoghbi
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Marcelo F DiCarli
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew D Choi
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Vasken Dilsizian
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Frank A Flachskampf
- Clinical Physiology and Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey B Geske
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paul A Grayburn
- Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Heart and Vascular Hospital, Dallas Texas
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raymond Y Kwong
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan A Leipsic
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thomas H Marwick
- Department of Medicine, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eike Nagel
- Institute of Experimental and Translational Cardiac Imaging, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt AM Main, Germany
| | - Koen Nieman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Subha V Raman
- Division of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Michael Salerno
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Partho P Sengupta
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Y S Chandrashekhar
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota and VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Chen W, Dilsizian V. Molecular Imaging of Amyloid Deposits for Early Diagnosis of Cardiac Amyloidosis and Monitoring Treatment Response. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13:1348-1352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Madsen S, Dias AH, Lauritsen KM, Bouchelouche K, Tolbod LP, Gormsen LC. Myocardial Viability Testing by Positron Emission Tomography: Basic Concepts, Mini-Review of the Literature and Experience From a Tertiary PET Center. Semin Nucl Med 2020; 50:248-259. [PMID: 32284111 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease ranges in severity from slightly reduced myocardial perfusion with preserved contractile function to chronic occlusion of coronary arteries with myocardial cells replaced by acontractile scar tissue-ischemic heart failure (iHF). Progression towards scar tissue is thought to involve a period in which the myocardial cells are acontractile but still viable despite severely reduced perfusion. This state of reduced myocardial function that can be reversed by revascularization is termed "hibernation." The concept of hibernating myocardium in iHF has prompted an increasing amount of requests for preoperative patient workup, but while the concept of viability is widely agreed upon, no consensus on clinical testing of hibernation has been established. Therefore, a variety of imaging methods have been used to assess hibernation including morphology based (MRI and ultrasound), perfusion based (MRI, SPECT, or PET) and/or methods to assess myocardial metabolism (PET). Regrettably, the heterogeneous body of literature on the subject has resulted in few robust prospective clinical trials designed to assess the impact of preoperative viability testing prior to revascularization. However, the PARR-2 trial and sub-studies has indicated that >5% hibernating myocardium favors revascularization over optimized medical therapy. In this paper, we review the basic concepts and current evidence for using PET to assess myocardial hibernation and discuss the various methodologies used to process the perfusion/metabolism PET images. Finally, we present our experience in conducting PET viability testing in a tertiary referral center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Madsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - André H Dias
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Kirsten Bouchelouche
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Poulsen Tolbod
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Mastrocola LE, Amorim BJ, Vitola JV, Brandão SCS, Grossman GB, Lima RDSL, Lopes RW, Chalela WA, Carreira LCTF, Araújo JRND, Mesquita CT, Meneghetti JC. Update of the Brazilian Guideline on Nuclear Cardiology - 2020. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 114:325-429. [PMID: 32215507 PMCID: PMC7077582 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Juarez Amorim
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP - Brazil
- Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Nuclear (SBMN), São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriel Blacher Grossman
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
- Clínica Cardionuclear, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Souza Leão Lima
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
- Fonte Imagem Medicina Diagnóstica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
- Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Grupo DASA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
| | | | - William Azem Chalela
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Claudio Meneghetti
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brazil
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33
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Werner RA, Chen X, Rowe SP, Lapa C, Javadi MS, Higuchi T. Recent paradigm shifts in molecular cardiac imaging—Establishing precision cardiology through novel 18F-labeled PET radiotracers. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2020; 30:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Viabilidad miocárdica por ecocardiografía. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Myocardial Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Overexpression Protects against Burn-Induced Cardiac Lipid Accumulation and Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6428924. [PMID: 31223422 PMCID: PMC6541965 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6428924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Maladaptive cardiac metabolism is a common trigger of cardiac lipid accumulation and cardiac injury under serious burn challenge. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the key enzyme that catalyzes triglyceride hydrolysis; however, its alteration and impact on cardiac function following serious burn injury are still unknown. Here, we found that the cardiac fatty acid (FA) metabolism increased, accompanied by augmented FA accumulation and ATGL expression, after serious burn injury. We generated heterozygous ATGL knockout and heterozygous cardiac-specific ATGL overexpression thermal burn mice. The results demonstrated that partial loss of ATGL could not relieve burn-induced cardiac lipid accumulation and cardiac injury, possibly due to the suppression of cardiac FA metabolism plus insufficient compensatory glucose utilization. In contrast, cardiac-specific overexpression of ATGL alleviated cardiac lipid accumulation and cardiac injury following burn challenge by switching the substrate preference from FA towards increased glucose utilization. The underlying mechanism was possibly related to increased glucose transporter-1 expression and reduced cardiac lipid accumulation induced by ATGL overexpression. Our data first demonstrated that elevated cardiac ATGL expression after serious burn injury is an adaptive, albeit insufficient, response to compensate for the increase in energy consumption and that further overexpression of ATGL is beneficial for ameliorating cardiac injury, indicating its therapeutic potential.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), defined as concomitant heart and kidney disease, has been a focus of attention for nearly a decade. As more patients survive severe acute and chronic heart and kidney diseases, CRS has emerged as an "epidemic" of modern medicine. Significant advances have been made in unraveling the complex mechanisms that underlie CRS based on classification of the condition into five pathophysiologic subtypes. In types 1 and 2, acute or chronic heart disease results in renal dysfunction, while in types 3 and 4, acute or chronic kidney diseases are the inciting factors for heart disease. Type 5 CRS is defined as concomitant heart and kidney dysfunction as part of a systemic condition such as sepsis or autoimmune disease. RECENT FINDINGS There are ongoing efforts to better define subtypes of CRS based on historical information, clinical manifestations, laboratory data (including biomarkers), and imaging characteristics. Systematic evaluation of CRS by advanced cardiac imaging, however, has been limited in scope and mostly focused on type 4 CRS. This is in part related to lack of clinical trials applying advanced cardiac imaging in the acute setting and exclusion of patients with significant renal disease from studies of such techniques in chronic HF. Advanced cardiac nuclear imaging is well poised for assessment of the pathophysiology of CRS by offering a myriad of molecular probes without the need for nephrotoxic contrast agents. In this review, we examine the current or potential future application of advanced cardiac imaging to evaluation of myocardial perfusion, metabolism, and innervation in patients with CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Shirani
- Department of Cardiology, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Ostrum Street, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
| | - Srinidhi Meera
- Department of Cardiology, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Ostrum Street, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Vasken Dilsizian
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Boutagy NE, Feher A, Alkhalil I, Umoh N, Sinusas AJ. Molecular Imaging of the Heart. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:477-533. [PMID: 30873600 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multimodality cardiovascular imaging is routinely used to assess cardiac function, structure, and physiological parameters to facilitate the diagnosis, characterization, and phenotyping of numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as well as allows for risk stratification and guidance in medical therapy decision-making. Although useful, these imaging strategies are unable to assess the underlying cellular and molecular processes that modulate pathophysiological changes. Over the last decade, there have been great advancements in imaging instrumentation and technology that have been paralleled by breakthroughs in probe development and image analysis. These advancements have been merged with discoveries in cellular/molecular cardiovascular biology to burgeon the field of cardiovascular molecular imaging. Cardiovascular molecular imaging aims to noninvasively detect and characterize underlying disease processes to facilitate early diagnosis, improve prognostication, and guide targeted therapy across the continuum of CVD. The most-widely used approaches for preclinical and clinical molecular imaging include radiotracers that allow for high-sensitivity in vivo detection and quantification of molecular processes with single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography. This review will describe multimodality molecular imaging instrumentation along with established and novel molecular imaging targets and probes. We will highlight how molecular imaging has provided valuable insights in determining the underlying fundamental biology of a wide variety of CVDs, including: myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, and nonischemic and ischemic heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. In addition, the potential of molecular imaging to assist in the characterization and risk stratification of systemic diseases, such as amyloidosis and sarcoidosis will be discussed. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:477-533, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil E Boutagy
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Attila Feher
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Imran Alkhalil
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nsini Umoh
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Albert J Sinusas
- Department of Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Wu S, Chang G, Gao L, Jiang D, Wang L, Li G, Luo X, Qin S, Guo X, Zhang D. Trimetazidine protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting excessive autophagy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:791-806. [PMID: 29955901 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Trimetazidine (TMZ) has been demonstrated to have protective effects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. In the present study, we investigated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of TMZ on autophagy during MI/R in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo study, an animal model of MI/R was induced by coronary occlusion. TMZ (20 mg/kg/day) protected the rat hearts from MI/R-induced heart failure by increasing ejection fraction and fractional shortening and decreasing end-systolic volume, end-diastolic volume, left ventricular (LV) internal diameter at systole, and LV internal diameter at diastole; it alleviated myocardial injury and oxidative stress by decreasing LDH, creatine kinase MB isoenzyme, ROS, and MDA levels and increasing SOD and glutathione peroxidase levels in plasma. TMZ also reduced myocardial infarct size and apoptosis. Moreover, TMZ markedly inhibited MI/R-induced autophagy by decreasing the protein and messenger RNA levels of LC3-II, Beclin1, ATG5, and ATG7 and the number of autophagosomes and by involving the AKT/mTOR pathway. Further, in the in vitro experiments, H9c2 cells were incubated with TMZ (40 μM) to explore the direct effects of TMZ following exposure to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R). TMZ increased cell viability and the concentration of intracellular SOD and inhibited H/R-induced cell apoptosis and ROS production. Moreover, TMZ decreased the number of autophagosomes and autophagy-related protein expression; it also upregulated p-AKT and p-mTOR expression. In addition, TMZ augmented Bcl-2 protein expression and diminished Bax protein expression, the Bax/Bcl-2 rate, and cleaved caspase-3 level. However, these effects on H9c2 cells were notably abolished by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. In conclusion, our results showed that TMZ inhibited I/R-induced excessive autophagy and apoptosis, which was, at least partly, mediated by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway. KEY MESSAGES TMZ improved cardiac function, alleviated myocardial injury and oxidative stress, and reduced the myocardial infarct area and apoptosis. TMZ inhibited MI/R-induced myocardial autophagy, H/R-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis, and autophagy flux. The effect of TMZ on autophagy was repressed by LY294002. TMZ protected against MI/R injury by inhibiting excessive autophagy via activating the AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guanglei Chang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liyou Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuexiu Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shu Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xueli Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Sengupta PP, Kramer CM, Narula J, Dilsizian V. The Potential of Clinical Phenotyping of Heart Failure With Imaging Biomarkers for Guiding Therapies: A Focused Update. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 10:1056-1071. [PMID: 28882290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The need for noninvasive assessment of cardiac volumes and ejection fraction (EF) ushered in the use of cardiac imaging techniques in heart failure (HF) trials that investigated the roles of pharmacological and device-based therapies. However, in contrast to HF with reduced EF (HFrEF), modern HF pharmacotherapy has not improved outcomes in HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), largely attributed to patient heterogeneity and incomplete understanding of pathophysiological insights underlying the clinical presentations of HFpEF. Modern cardiac imaging methods offer insights into many sets of changes in cardiac tissue structure and function that can precisely link cause with cardiac remodeling at organ and tissue levels to clinical presentations in HF. This has inspired investigators to seek a more comprehensive understanding of HF presentations using imaging techniques. This article summarizes the available evidence regarding the role of cardiac imaging in HF. Furthermore, we discuss the value of cardiac imaging techniques in identifying HF patient subtypes who share similar causes and mechanistic pathways that can be targeted using specific HF therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partho P Sengupta
- Section of Cardiology, West Virginia University Heart and Vascular Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
| | - Christopher M Kramer
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jagat Narula
- Zena and Michael A. Weiner Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Vasken Dilsizian
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Dilsizian V, Erario M. Is Exercise Treadmill Time or Reduction in Myocardial Ischemia the Appropriate Primary Endpoint to Assess Success of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Stable Angina (ORBITA)? J Nucl Med 2017; 59:1-2. [PMID: 29217737 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.206334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vasken Dilsizian
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Madeline Erario
- Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia
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41
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Gewirtz H. PET measurements of myocardial blood flow post myocardial infarction: Relationship to invasive and cardiac magnetic resonance studies and potential clinical applications. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:1883-1892. [PMID: 28577226 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0930-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on clinical studies concerning assessment of coronary microvascular and conduit vessel function primarily in the context of acute and sub acute myocardial infarction (MI). The ability of quantitative PET measurements of myocardial blood flow (MBF) to delineate underlying pathophysiology and assist in clinical decision making in this setting is discussed. Likewise, considered are physiological metrics fractional flow reserve, coronary flow reserve, index of microvascular resistance (FFR, CFR, IMR) obtained from invasive studies performed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, typically at the time of PCI for MI. The role both of invasive studies and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in assessing microvascular function, a key determinant of prognosis, is reviewed. The interface between quantitative PET MBF measurements and underlying pathophysiology, as demonstrated both by invasive and CMR methodology, is discussed in the context of optimal interpretation of the quantitative PET MBF exam and its potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Gewirtz
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Yawkey 5E, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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42
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Dilsizian V. Challenging Nuclear Cardiology Research: Stimulating Discovery, Validation, and Clinical Relevance. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:13-14. [PMID: 29146697 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.203042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Biomarker Screening for Viable Myocardium in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Interesting… If Viability Is Important. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:1457-1458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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44
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Diallyl trisulfide exerts cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic state, role of AMPK-mediated AKT/GSK-3β/HIF-1α activation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74791-74805. [PMID: 29088824 PMCID: PMC5650379 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), the major active ingredient in garlic, has been reported to confer cardioprotective effects. However, its effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury in diabetic state and the underlying mechanism are still unknown. We hypothesize that DATS reduces MI/R injury in diabetic state via AMPK-mediated AKT/GSK-3β/HIF-1α activation. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received MI/R surgery with or without DATS (20mg/kg) treatment in the presence or absence of Compound C (Com.C, an AMPK inhibitor, 0.25mg/kg) or LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor, 5mg/kg). We found that DATS significantly improved heart function and reduced myocardial apoptosis. Additionally, in cultured H9c2 cells, DATS (10μM) also attenuated simulated ischemia-reperfusion injury. We found that AMPK and AKT/GSK-3β/HIF-1α signaling were down-regulated under diabetic condition, while DATS markedly increased the phosphorylation of AMPK, ACC, AKT and GSK-3β as well as HIF-1α expression in MI/R-injured myocardium. However, these protective actions were all blunted by Com.C administration. Additionally, LY294002 abolished the stimulatory effect of DATS on AKT/GSK-3β/HIF-1α signaling without affecting AMPK signaling. While 2-methoxyestradiol (a HIF-1α inhibitor) reduced HIF-1α expression without affecting AKT/GSK-3β signaling. Taken together, these data showed that DATS protected against MI/R injury in diabetic state by attenuating cellular apoptosis via AMPK-mediated AKT/GSK-3β/HIF-1α signaling. Its cardioprotective effect deserves further study.
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45
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Dilsizian V. Greatest opportunities for growth in nuclear cardiology. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:1119-1120. [PMID: 28560559 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasken Dilsizian
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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