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Zhang L, Feng Q, Kong W. ECM Microenvironment in Vascular Homeostasis: New Targets for Atherosclerosis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38984789 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00028.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) components, interactions, and mechanical properties influence both the formation and stability of atherosclerotic plaques. This review discusses the contribution of the ECM microenvironment in vascular homeostasis and remodeling in atherosclerosis, highlighting Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and its degrading enzyme ADAMTS7 as examples, and proposes potential avenues for future research aimed at identifying novel therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis based on the ECM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianqian Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
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2
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Ma Q, Zhang YH, Guo W, Feng K, Huang T, Cai YD. Machine Learning in Identifying Marker Genes for Congenital Heart Diseases of Different Cardiac Cell Types. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1032. [PMID: 39202774 PMCID: PMC11355424 DOI: 10.3390/life14081032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents a spectrum of inborn heart defects influenced by genetic and environmental factors. This study advances the field by analyzing gene expression profiles in 21,034 cardiac fibroblasts, 73,296 cardiomyocytes, and 35,673 endothelial cells, utilizing single-cell level analysis and machine learning techniques. Six CHD conditions: dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), donor hearts (used as healthy controls), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), heart failure with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HF_HLHS), Neonatal Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (Neo_HLHS), and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), were investigated for each cardiac cell type. Each cell sample was represented by 29,266 gene features. These features were first analyzed by six feature-ranking algorithms, resulting in several feature lists. Then, these lists were fed into incremental feature selection, containing two classification algorithms, to extract essential gene features and classification rules and build efficient classifiers. The identified essential genes can be potential CHD markers in different cardiac cell types. For instance, the LASSO identified key genes specific to various heart cell types in CHD subtypes. FOXO3 was found to be up-regulated in cardiac fibroblasts for both Dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In cardiomyocytes, distinct genes such as TMTC1, ART3, ARHGAP24, SHROOM3, and XIST were linked to dilated cardiomyopathy, Neo-Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, HF-Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, and Tetralogy of Fallot, respectively. Endothelial cell analysis further revealed COL25A1, NFIB, and KLF7 as significant genes for dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and Tetralogy of Fallot. LightGBM, Catboost, MCFS, RF, and XGBoost further delineated key genes for specific CHD subtypes, demonstrating the efficacy of machine learning in identifying CHD-specific genes. Additionally, this study developed quantitative rules for representing the gene expression patterns related to CHDs. This research underscores the potential of machine learning in unraveling the molecular complexities of CHD and establishes a foundation for future mechanism-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200030, China;
| | - Kaiyan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou 510507, China;
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
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3
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Xu S, Han X, Wang X, Yu Y, Qu C, Liu X, Yang B. The role of oxidative stress in aortic dissection: a potential therapeutic target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1410477. [PMID: 39070552 PMCID: PMC11272543 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1410477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of aortic dissection (AD) is steadily increasing, driven by the rising prevalence of chronic conditions such as hypertension and the global aging of the population. Oxidative stress emerges as a pivotal pathophysiological mechanism contributing to the progression of AD. Oxidative stress triggers apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells, reshapes the extracellular matrix (ECM), and governs ECM degradation and remodeling, subsequently impacting aortic compliance. Furthermore, oxidative stress not only facilitates the infiltration of macrophages and mononuclear lymphocytes but also disrupts the integral structure and functionality of endothelial cells, thereby inducing endothelial cell dysfunction and furthering the degeneration of the middle layer of the aortic wall. Investigating antioxidants holds promise as a therapeutic avenue for addressing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiukun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Guo S, Wang L, Cao K, Li Z, Song M, Huang S, Li Z, Wang C, Chen P, Wang Y, Dai X, Chen X, Fu X, Feng D, He J, Huo Y, Xu Y. Endothelial nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome regulation in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:883-898. [PMID: 38626254 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in endothelial cells (ECs) contributes to vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis. Considering the high glycolytic rate of ECs, we delineated whether and how glycolysis determines endothelial NLRP3 inflammasome activation in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Our results demonstrated a significant up-regulation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), a key regulator of glycolysis, in human and mouse atherosclerotic endothelium, which positively correlated with NLRP3 levels. Atherosclerotic stimuli up-regulated endothelial PFKFB3 expression via sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) transactivation. EC-selective haplodeficiency of Pfkfb3 in Apoe-/- mice resulted in reduced endothelial NLRP3 inflammasome activation and attenuation of atherogenesis. Mechanistic investigations revealed that PFKFB3-driven glycolysis increased the NADH content and induced oligomerization of C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1), an NADH-sensitive transcriptional co-repressor. The monomer form, but not the oligomer form, of CtBP1 was found to associate with the transcriptional repressor Forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) and acted as a transrepressor of inflammasome components, including NLRP3, caspase-1, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Interfering with NADH-induced CtBP1 oligomerization restored its binding to FOXP1 and inhibited the glycolysis-dependent up-regulation of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β. Additionally, EC-specific overexpression of NADH-insensitive CtBP1 alleviates atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the existence of a glycolysis-dependent NADH/CtBP/FOXP1-transrepression pathway that regulates endothelial NLRP3 inflammasome activation in atherogenesis. This pathway represents a potential target for selective PFKFB3 inhibitors or strategies aimed at disrupting CtBP1 oligomerization to modulate atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfeng W Rd, Yue Xiu Qu, Guang Zhou Shi, Guang Dong Sheng, China, 510180
| | - Litao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfeng W Rd, Yue Xiu Qu, Guang Zhou Shi, Guang Dong Sheng, China, 510180
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixiang Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfeng W Rd, Yue Xiu Qu, Guang Zhou Shi, Guang Dong Sheng, China, 510180
| | - Ziling Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfeng W Rd, Yue Xiu Qu, Guang Zhou Shi, Guang Dong Sheng, China, 510180
| | - Mingchuan Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfeng W Rd, Yue Xiu Qu, Guang Zhou Shi, Guang Dong Sheng, China, 510180
| | - Shuqi Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfeng W Rd, Yue Xiu Qu, Guang Zhou Shi, Guang Dong Sheng, China, 510180
| | - Zou Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfeng W Rd, Yue Xiu Qu, Guang Zhou Shi, Guang Dong Sheng, China, 510180
| | - Cailing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfeng W Rd, Yue Xiu Qu, Guang Zhou Shi, Guang Dong Sheng, China, 510180
| | - Peiling Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfeng W Rd, Yue Xiu Qu, Guang Zhou Shi, Guang Dong Sheng, China, 510180
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfeng W Rd, Yue Xiu Qu, Guang Zhou Shi, Guang Dong Sheng, China, 510180
| | - Du Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfeng W Rd, Yue Xiu Qu, Guang Zhou Shi, Guang Dong Sheng, China, 510180
| | - Jun He
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Sanders Building, CB-3919A1459 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912-2500, USA
| | - Yiming Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfeng W Rd, Yue Xiu Qu, Guang Zhou Shi, Guang Dong Sheng, China, 510180
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Vuong TNAM, Bartolf‐Kopp M, Andelovic K, Jungst T, Farbehi N, Wise SG, Hayward C, Stevens MC, Rnjak‐Kovacina J. Integrating Computational and Biological Hemodynamic Approaches to Improve Modeling of Atherosclerotic Arteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307627. [PMID: 38704690 PMCID: PMC11234431 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, resulting in mortality, elevated healthcare costs, diminished productivity, and reduced quality of life for individuals and their communities. This is exacerbated by the limited understanding of its underlying causes and limitations in current therapeutic interventions, highlighting the need for sophisticated models of atherosclerosis. This review critically evaluates the computational and biological models of atherosclerosis, focusing on the study of hemodynamics in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. Computational models account for the geometrical complexities and hemodynamics of the blood vessels and stenoses, but they fail to capture the complex biological processes involved in atherosclerosis. Different in vitro and in vivo biological models can capture aspects of the biological complexity of healthy and stenosed vessels, but rarely mimic the human anatomy and physiological hemodynamics, and require significantly more time, cost, and resources. Therefore, emerging strategies are examined that integrate computational and biological models, and the potential of advances in imaging, biofabrication, and machine learning is explored in developing more effective models of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Bartolf‐Kopp
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and DentistryInstitute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB)KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI)University of WürzburgPleicherwall 297070WürzburgGermany
| | - Kristina Andelovic
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and DentistryInstitute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB)KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI)University of WürzburgPleicherwall 297070WürzburgGermany
| | - Tomasz Jungst
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and DentistryInstitute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB)KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI)University of WürzburgPleicherwall 297070WürzburgGermany
- Department of Orthopedics, Regenerative Medicine Center UtrechtUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht3584Netherlands
| | - Nona Farbehi
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydney2052Australia
- Tyree Institute of Health EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Garvan Weizmann Center for Cellular GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSW2010Australia
| | - Steven G. Wise
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Christopher Hayward
- St Vincent's HospitalSydneyVictor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteSydney2010Australia
| | | | - Jelena Rnjak‐Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydney2052Australia
- Tyree Institute of Health EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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6
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Curry T, Barrameda ME, Thomas TC, Esfandiarei M. In vivo phenotypic vascular dysfunction extends beyond the aorta in a mouse model for fibrillin-1 (Fbn1) mutation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5779. [PMID: 38461168 PMCID: PMC10924961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In individuals with Marfan Syndrome (MFS), fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1) mutations can lead to vascular wall weakening and dysfunction. The experimental mouse model of MFS (Fbn1C1041G/+) has been advantageous in investigating MFS-associated life-threatening aortic aneurysms. It is well established that the MFS mouse model exhibits an accelerated-aging phenotype in elastic organs like the aorta, lung, and skin. However, the impact of Fbn1 mutations on the in vivo function and structure of various artery types with the consideration of sex and age, has not been adequately explored in real-time and a clinically relevant context. In this study, we investigate if Fbn1 mutation contributes to sex-dependent alterations in central and cerebral vascular function similar to phenotypic changes associated with normal aging in healthy control mice. In vivo ultrasound imaging of central and cerebral vasculature was performed in 6-month-old male and female MFS and C57BL/6 mice and sex-matched 12-month-old (middle-aged) healthy control mice. Our findings confirm aortic enlargement (aneurysm) and wall stiffness in MFS mice, but with exacerbation in male diameters. Coronary artery blood flow velocity (BFV) in diastole was not different but left pulmonary artery BFV was decreased in MFS and 12-month-old control mice regardless of sex. At 6 months of age, MFS male mice show decreased posterior cerebral artery BFV as compared to age-matched control males, with no difference observed between female cohorts. Reduced mitral valve early-filling velocities were indicated in MFS mice regardless of sex. Male MFS mice also demonstrated left ventricular hypertrophy. Overall, these results underscore the significance of biological sex in vascular function and structure in MFS mice, while highlighting a trend of pre-mature vascular aging phenotype in MFS mice that is comparable to phenotypes observed in older healthy controls. Furthermore, this research is a vital step in understanding MFS's broader implications and sets the stage for more in-depth future analyses, while providing data-driven preclinical justification for re-evaluating diagnostic approaches and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Curry
- College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - M E Barrameda
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - T Currier Thomas
- College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - M Esfandiarei
- College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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7
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Cheng J, Huang H, Chen Y, Wu R. Nanomedicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304294. [PMID: 37897322 PMCID: PMC10754137 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
With the changing disease spectrum, atherosclerosis has become increasingly prevalent worldwide and the associated diseases have emerged as the leading cause of death. Due to their fascinating physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, nanomaterials are regarded as a promising tool to tackle enormous challenges in medicine. The emerging discipline of nanomedicine has filled a huge application gap in the atherosclerotic field, ushering a new generation of diagnosis and treatment strategies. Herein, based on the essential pathogenic contributors of atherogenesis, as well as the distinct composition/structural characteristics, synthesis strategies, and surface design of nanoplatforms, the three major application branches (nanodiagnosis, nanotherapy, and nanotheranostic) of nanomedicine in atherosclerosis are elaborated. Then, state-of-art studies containing a sequence of representative and significant achievements are summarized in detail with an emphasis on the intrinsic interaction/relationship between nanomedicines and atherosclerosis. Particularly, attention is paid to the biosafety of nanomedicines, which aims to pave the way for future clinical translation of this burgeoning field. Finally, this comprehensive review is concluded by proposing unresolved key scientific issues and sharing the vision and expectation for the future, fully elucidating the closed loop from atherogenesis to the application paradigm of nanomedicines for advancing the early achievement of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Cheng
- Department of UltrasoundShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Materdicine LabSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine LabSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health)Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325088P. R. China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of UltrasoundShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080P. R. China
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8
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Curry T, Barrameda ME, Currier Thomas T, Esfandiarei M. In Vivo Phenotypic Vascular Dysfunction Extends Beyond the Aorta in a Mouse Model for Fibrillin-1 ( FBN1 ) Mutation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.18.567641. [PMID: 38014144 PMCID: PMC10680800 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.18.567641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In individuals with Marfan Syndrome (MFS), fibrillin-1 gene ( FBN1 ) mutations can lead to vascular wall weakening and dysfunction. The experimental mouse model of MFS ( FBN1 C1041G/+ ) has been advantageous in investigating MFS-associated life-threatening aortic aneurysms. Although the MFS mouse model presents an accelerated-aging phenotype in elastic organs (e.g., lung, skin), the impact of FBN1 mutations on other central and peripheral arteries function and structure with the consideration of the impact of sex remains underexplored. In this study, we investigate if FBN1 mutation contributes to sex-dependent alterations in central and cerebral vascular function similar to phenotypic changes associated with normal aging in healthy control mice. In vivo ultrasound imaging of central and cerebral vasculature was performed in 6-month-old male and female MFS and C57BL/6 mice and sex-matched 12-month-old (middle-aged) healthy control mice. Our findings confirm aortic enlargement (aneurysm) and wall stiffness in MFS mice, but with exacerbation in male diameters. Coronary artery blood flow velocity (BFV) in diastole was not different but left pulmonary artery BFV was decreased in MFS and 12-month-old control mice regardless of sex. At 6 months of age, MFS male mice show decreased posterior cerebral artery BFV as compared to age-matched control males, with no difference observed between female cohorts. Reduced mitral valve early-filling velocities were indicated in MFS mice regardless of sex. Male MFS mice also demonstrated left ventricular hypertrophy. Overall, these results underscore the significance of biological sex in vascular function and structure in MFS mice, while highlighting a trend of pre-mature vascular aging phenotype in MFS mice that is comparable to phenotypes observed in older healthy controls.
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9
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Puylaert P, Roth L, Van Praet M, Pintelon I, Dumitrascu C, van Nuijs A, Klejborowska G, Guns PJ, Berghe TV, Augustyns K, De Meyer GRY, Martinet W. Effect of erythrophagocytosis-induced ferroptosis during angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaques. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:505-522. [PMID: 37120604 PMCID: PMC10542744 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Intraplaque (IP) angiogenesis is a key feature of advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Because IP vessels are fragile and leaky, erythrocytes are released and phagocytosed by macrophages (erythrophagocytosis), which leads to high intracellular iron content, lipid peroxidation and cell death. In vitro experiments showed that erythrophagocytosis by macrophages induced non-canonical ferroptosis, an emerging type of regulated necrosis that may contribute to plaque destabilization. Erythrophagocytosis-induced ferroptosis was accompanied by increased expression of heme-oxygenase 1 and ferritin, and could be blocked by co-treatment with third generation ferroptosis inhibitor UAMC-3203. Both heme-oxygenase 1 and ferritin were also expressed in erythrocyte-rich regions of carotid plaques from ApoE-/- Fbn1C1039G+/- mice, a model of advanced atherosclerosis with IP angiogenesis. The effect of UAMC-3203 (12.35 mg/kg/day) on atherosclerosis was evaluated in ApoE-/- Fbn1C1039G+/- mice fed a western-type diet (WD) for 12 weeks (n = 13 mice/group) or 20 weeks (n = 16-21 mice/group) to distinguish between plaques without and with established IP angiogenesis, respectively. A significant decrease in carotid plaque thickness was observed after 20 weeks WD (87 ± 19 μm vs. 166 ± 20 μm, p = 0.006), particularly in plaques with confirmed IP angiogenesis or hemorrhage (108 ± 35 μm vs. 322 ± 40 μm, p = 0.004). This effect was accompanied by decreased IP heme-oxygenase 1 and ferritin expression. UAMC-3203 did not affect carotid plaques after 12 weeks WD or plaques in the aorta, which typically do not develop IP angiogenesis. Altogether, erythrophagocytosis-induced ferroptosis during IP angiogenesis leads to larger atherosclerotic plaques, an effect that can be prevented by ferroptosis inhibitor UAMC-3203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Puylaert
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Melissa Van Praet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Greta Klejborowska
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Guns
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Burke-Kleinman J, Gotlieb AI. Progression of Arterial Vasa Vasorum from Regulator of Arterial Homeostasis to Promoter of Atherogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1468-1484. [PMID: 37356574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The vasa vasorum (vessels of vessels) are a dynamic microvascular system uniquely distributed to maintain physiological homeostasis of the artery wall by supplying nutrients and oxygen to the outer layers of the artery wall, adventitia, and perivascular adipose tissue, and in large arteries, to the outer portion of the medial layer. Vasa vasorum endothelium and contractile mural cells regulate direct access of bioactive cells and factors present in both the systemic circulation and the arterial perivascular adipose tissue and adventitia to the artery wall. Experimental and human data show that proatherogenic factors and cells gain direct access to the artery wall via the vasa vasorum and may initiate, promote, and destabilize the plaque. Activation and growth of vasa vasorum occur in all blood vessel layers primarily by angiogenesis, producing fragile and permeable new microvessels that may cause plaque hemorrhage and fibrous cap rupture. Ironically, invasive therapies, such as angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting, injure the vasa vasorum, leading to treatment failures. The vasa vasorum function both as a master integrator of arterial homeostasis and, once perturbed or injured, as a promotor of atherogenesis. Future studies need to be directed at establishing reliable in vivo and in vitro models to investigate the cellular and molecular regulation of the function and dysfunction of the arterial vasa vasorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Burke-Kleinman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Avrum I Gotlieb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Mitchell C, Al Mukaddim R, Liu Y, Graham M, Eickhoff JC, Weichmann AM, Tattersall MC, Korcarz CE, Stein JH, Varghese T, Eliceiri KW. Changes in carotid artery texture by ultrasound and elastin features in a murine model. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1215449. [PMID: 37560112 PMCID: PMC10407807 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1215449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In humans, arterial grayscale ultrasound texture features independently predict adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and change with medical interventions. We performed this study to examine how grayscale ultrasound texture features and elastin fibers change in plaque-free segments of the arterial wall in a murine model prone to atherosclerosis. METHODS A total of 10 Apoetm1Unc/J mice (n = 5 male, n = 5 female) were imaged at 6, 16, and 24 weeks of age. Two mice were euthanized at 6 and 16 weeks and the remaining mice at 24 weeks. Texture features were extracted from the ultrasound images of the distal 1.0 mm of the common carotid artery wall, and elastin measures were extracted from histology images. Two-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate associations between week, sex, and grayscale texture features. Texture feature and elastin number comparisons between weeks were conducted using the sex-by-week two-way interaction contrasts. Sex-specific correlations between the number of elastin fibers and grayscale texture features were analyzed by conducting non-parametric Spearman's rank correlation analyses. RESULTS Arterial wall homogeneity changed significantly in male mice from 6 to 24 weeks, with a mean (SD) of 0.14 (0.03) units at 6 weeks and 0.18 (0.03) units at 24 weeks (p = 0.026). Spatial gray level dependence matrices-homogeneity (SGLD-HOM) also correlated with carotid artery plaque score (rs = 0.707, p = 0.033). Elastin fibers in the region of interest decreased from 6 to 24 weeks for both male and female mice, although only significantly in male mice. The mean (SD) number of elastin fibers for male mice was 5.32 (1.50) at 6 weeks and 3.59 (0.38) at 24 weeks (p = 0.023). For female mice, the mean (SD) number of elastin fibers was 3.98 (0.38) at 6 weeks and 3.46 (0.19) at 24 weeks (p = 0.051). CONCLUSION Grayscale ultrasound texture features that are associated with increased risk for CVD events in humans were used in a murine model, and the grayscale texture feature SGLD-HOM was shown to change in male mice from 6 weeks to 24 weeks. Structural alterations of the arterial wall (change in elastin fiber number) were observed during this time and may differ by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rashid Al Mukaddim
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yuming Liu
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Melissa Graham
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Research Animal Resources and Compliance, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jens C. Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ashley M. Weichmann
- Carbone Cancer Center, Small Animal Imaging and Radiotherapy Facility, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Claudia E. Korcarz
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - James H. Stein
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Tomy Varghese
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States
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12
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Chou SH, Lin HC, Chen SW, Tai YT, Jung SM, Ko FH, Pang JHS, Chu PH. Cadmium exposure induces histological damage and cytotoxicity in the cardiovascular system of mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113740. [PMID: 36958389 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported an association between chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure and increased cardiovascular risk; however, their causal relationship remains unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of Cd exposure on the cardiac and arterial systems in mice. According to the concentration of cadmium chloride in drinking water, male mice were randomly divided into control and low-dose and high-dose Cd exposure groups. The intervention duration was 12 weeks. In cardiac tissues, Cd exposure led to focal necrosis, myofibril disarray, perivascular and interstitial fibrosis, and disorganized sarcomere structures. Cd also induced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and increased the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-14 in cardiac tissues. In the arterial tissues, Cd exposure damaged the intimal and medial layers of the aorta. Cd further reduced the viability of aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro. This study provides evidence for the Cd-induced damage of the cardiovascular system, which may contribute to various cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Hsien Chou
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chen Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shao-Wei Chen
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Jung
- Department of Pathology, Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Hsiang Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hwei Su Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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13
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Ilyas I, Little PJ, Liu Z, Xu Y, Kamato D, Berk BC, Weng J, Xu S. Mouse models of atherosclerosis in translational research. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:920-939. [PMID: 35902281 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), the major cause of premature human mortality, is a chronic and progressive metabolic and inflammatory disease in large- and medium-sized arteries. Mouse models are widely used to gain mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and have facilitated the discovery of anti-atherosclerotic drugs. Despite promising preclinical studies, many drug candidates have not translated to clinical use because of the complexity of disease patho-mechanisms including lipid metabolic traits and inflammatory, genetic, and hemodynamic factors. We review the current preclinical utility and translation potential of traditional [apolipoprotein E (APOE)- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR)-deficient mice] and emerging mouse models that include partial carotid ligation and AAV8-Pcsk9-D377Y injection in atherosclerosis research and drug discovery. This article represents an important resource in atherosclerosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Ilyas
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bradford C Berk
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Laboratory of Metabolics and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Laboratory of Metabolics and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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14
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The Impact of RIPK1 Kinase Inhibition on Atherogenesis: A Genetic and a Pharmacological Approach. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051016. [PMID: 35625752 PMCID: PMC9138372 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RIPK1 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1) enzymatic activity drives both apoptosis and necroptosis, a regulated form of necrosis. Because necroptosis is involved in necrotic core development in atherosclerotic plaques, we investigated the effects of a RIPK1S25D/S25D mutation, which prevents activation of RIPK1 kinase, on atherogenesis in ApoE−/− mice. After 16 weeks of western-type diet (WD), atherosclerotic plaques from ApoE−/− RIPK1S25D/S25D mice were significantly larger compared to ApoE−/− RIPK1+/+ mice (167 ± 34 vs. 78 ± 18 × 103 µm2, p = 0.01). Cell numbers (350 ± 34 vs. 154 ± 33 nuclei) and deposition of glycosaminoglycans (Alcian blue: 31 ± 6 vs. 14 ± 4%, p = 0.023) were increased in plaques from ApoE−/− RIPK1S25D/S25D mice while macrophage content (Mac3: 2.3 ± 0.4 vs. 9.8 ± 2.4%, p = 0.012) was decreased. Plaque apoptosis was not different between both groups. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of RIPK1 kinase with GSK’547 (10 mg/kg BW/day) in ApoE−/− Fbn1C1039G+/− mice, a model of advanced atherosclerosis, did not alter plaque size after 20 weeks WD, but induced apoptosis (TUNEL: 136 ± 20 vs. 62 ± 9 cells/mm2, p = 0.004). In conclusion, inhibition of RIPK1 kinase activity accelerated plaque progression in ApoE−/− RIPK1S25D/S25D mice and induced apoptosis in GSK’547-treated ApoE−/− Fbn1C1039G+/− mice. Thus, without directly comparing the genetic and pharmacological studies, it can be concluded that targeting RIPK1 kinase activity does not limit atherogenesis.
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15
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Gerhardt T, Haghikia A, Stapmanns P, Leistner DM. Immune Mechanisms of Plaque Instability. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:797046. [PMID: 35087883 PMCID: PMC8787133 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.797046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation crucially drives atherosclerosis from disease initiation to the emergence of clinical complications. Targeting pivotal inflammatory pathways without compromising the host defense could compliment therapy with lipid-lowering agents, anti-hypertensive treatment, and lifestyle interventions to address the substantial residual cardiovascular risk that remains beyond classical risk factor control. Detailed understanding of the intricate immune mechanisms that propel plaque instability and disruption is indispensable for the development of novel therapeutic concepts. In this review, we provide an overview on the role of key immune cells in plaque inception and progression, and discuss recently identified maladaptive immune phenomena that contribute to plaque destabilization, including epigenetically programmed trained immunity in myeloid cells, pathogenic conversion of autoreactive regulatory T-cells and expansion of altered leukocytes due to clonal hematopoiesis. From a more global perspective, the article discusses how systemic crises such as acute mental stress or infection abruptly raise plaque vulnerability and summarizes recent advances in understanding the increased cardiovascular risk associated with COVID-19 disease. Stepping outside the box, we highlight the role of gut dysbiosis in atherosclerosis progression and plaque vulnerability. The emerging differential role of the immune system in plaque rupture and plaque erosion as well as the limitations of animal models in studying plaque disruption are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gerhardt
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Stapmanns
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Manuel Leistner
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: David Manuel Leistner
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16
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Acetylsalicylic Acid Reduces Passive Aortic Wall Stiffness and Cardiovascular Remodelling in a Mouse Model of Advanced Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010404. [PMID: 35008828 PMCID: PMC8745264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is widely used in secondary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) disease, mainly because of its antithrombotic effects. Here, we investigated whether ASA can prevent the progression of vessel wall remodelling, atherosclerosis, and CV complications in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice, a model of stable atherosclerosis, and in ApoE-/- mice with a mutation in the fibrillin-1 gene (Fbn1C1039G+/-), which is a model of elastic fibre fragmentation, accompanied by exacerbated unstable atherosclerosis. Female ApoE-/- and ApoE-/-Fbn1C1039G+/- mice were fed a Western diet (WD). At 10 weeks of WD, the mice were randomly divided into four groups, receiving either ASA 5 mg/kg/day in the drinking water (ApoE-/- (n = 14), ApoE-/-Fbn1C1039G+/- (n = 19)) or plain drinking water (ApoE-/- (n = 15), ApoE-/-Fbn1C1039G+/- (n = 21)) for 15 weeks. ApoE-/-Fbn1C1039G+/- mice showed an increased neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) compared to ApoE-/- mice, and this effect was normalised by ASA. In the proximal ascending aorta wall, ASA-treated ApoE-/-Fbn1C1039G+/- mice showed less p-SMAD2/3 positive nuclei, a lower collagen percentage and an increased elastin/collagen ratio, consistent with the values measured in ApoE-/- mice. ASA did not affect plaque progression, incidence of myocardial infarction and survival of ApoE-/-Fbn1C1039G+/- mice, but systolic blood pressure, cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy were reduced. In conclusion, ASA normalises the NLR, passive wall stiffness and cardiac remodelling in ApoE-/-Fbn1C1039G+/- mice to levels observed in ApoE-/- mice, indicating additional therapeutic benefits of ASA beyond its classical use.
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17
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Capuana F, Phinikaridou A, Stefania R, Padovan S, Lavin B, Lacerda S, Almouazen E, Chevalier Y, Heinrich-Balard L, Botnar RM, Aime S, Digilio G. Imaging of Dysfunctional Elastogenesis in Atherosclerosis Using an Improved Gadolinium-Based Tetrameric MRI Probe Targeted to Tropoelastin. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15250-15261. [PMID: 34661390 PMCID: PMC8558862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional elastin turnover plays a major role in the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Failure of tropoelastin cross-linking into mature elastin leads to the accumulation of tropoelastin within the growing plaque, increasing its instability. Here we present Gd4-TESMA, an MRI contrast agent specifically designed for molecular imaging of tropoelastin within plaques. Gd4-TESMA is a tetrameric probe composed of a tropoelastin-binding peptide (the VVGS-peptide) conjugated with four Gd(III)-DOTA-monoamide chelates. It shows a relaxivity per molecule of 34.0 ± 0.8 mM-1 s-1 (20 MHz, 298 K, pH 7.2), a good binding affinity to tropoelastin (KD = 41 ± 12 μM), and a serum half-life longer than 2 h. Gd4-TESMA accumulates specifically in atherosclerotic plaques in the ApoE-/- murine model of plaque progression, with 2 h persistence of contrast enhancement. As compared to the monomeric counterpart (Gd-TESMA), the tetrameric Gd4-TESMA probe shows a clear advantage regarding both sensitivity and imaging time window, allowing for a better characterization of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Capuana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Alkystis Phinikaridou
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Rachele Stefania
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Sergio Padovan
- Institute for Biostructures and Bioimages (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Begoña Lavin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Sara Lacerda
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, Orléans Cedex 2 45071, France
| | - Eyad Almouazen
- CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Yves Chevalier
- CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Laurence Heinrich-Balard
- INSA Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR5510, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.,Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna, Santiago 4860, Chile
| | | | - Giuseppe Digilio
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale ″Amedeo Avogadro″, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
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18
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Choi JSY, de Haan JB, Sharma A. Animal models of diabetes-associated vascular diseases: an update on available models and experimental analysis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:748-769. [PMID: 34131901 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with the accelerated development of macrovascular (atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease) and microvascular complications (nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy), which remain the principal cause of mortality and morbidity in this population. Current understanding of cellular and molecular pathways of diabetes-driven vascular complications, as well as therapeutic interventions has arisen from studying disease pathogenesis in animal models. Diabetes-associated vascular complications are multi-faceted, involving the interaction between various cellular and molecular pathways. Thus, the choice of an appropriate animal model to study vascular pathogenesis is important in our quest to identify innovative and mechanism-based targeted therapies to reduce the burden of diabetic complications. Herein, we provide up-to-date information on available mouse models of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic vascular complications as well as experimental analysis and research outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy S Y Choi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arpeeta Sharma
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Wang X, Fu Y, Xie Z, Cao M, Qu W, Xi X, Zhong S, Piao M, Peng X, Jia Y, Meng L, Tian J. Establishment of a Novel Mouse Model for Atherosclerotic Vulnerable Plaque. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:642751. [PMID: 33796572 PMCID: PMC8007762 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.642751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic unstable plaques. Effective intervention for vulnerable plaques (VP) is of great significance to reduce adverse cardiovascular events. Methods: Fbn1C1039G+/− mice were crossbred with LDLR−/− mice to obtain a novel model for atherosclerotic VP. After the mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 or 24 weeks, pathological staining and immunohistochemistry analyses were employed to evaluate atherosclerotic lesions. Results: Compared to control mice, Fbn1C1039G+/−LDLR−/− mice developed more severe atherosclerotic lesions, and the positive area of oil red O staining in the aortic sinus was significantly increased after 12 weeks (21.7 ± 2.0 vs. 6.3 ± 2.1) and 24 weeks (32.6 ± 2.5 vs. 18.7 ± 2.6) on a HFD. Additional vulnerable plaque characteristics, including significantly larger necrotic cores (280 ± 19 vs. 105 ± 7), thinner fiber caps (14.0 ± 2.8 vs. 32.6 ± 2.7), apparent elastin fiber fragmentation and vessel dilation (3,010 ± 67 vs. 1,465 ± 49), a 2-fold increase in macrophage number (8.5 ± 1.0 vs. 5.0 ± 0.6), obviously decreased smooth muscle cell number (0.6 ± 0.1 vs. 2.1 ± 0.2) and an ~25% decrease in total collagen content (33.6 ± 0.3 vs. 44.9 ± 9.1) were observed in Fbn1C1039G+/−LDLR−/− mice compared with control mice after 24 weeks. Furthermore, spontaneous plaque rupture, neovascularization, and intraplaque hemorrhage were detected in the model mouse plaque regions but not in those of the control mice. Conclusions: Plaques in Fbn1C1039G+/−LDLR−/− mice fed a HFD show many features of human advanced atherosclerotic unstable plaques. These results suggest that the Fbn1C1039G+/−LDLR−/− mouse is a novel model for investigating the pathological and physiological mechanisms of advanced atherosclerotic unstable plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yahong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Zulong Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhua Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Qu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangwen Xi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Minghui Piao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Lingbo Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinwei Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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20
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Noonan J, Bobik A, Peter K. The tandem stenosis mouse model: Towards understanding, imaging, and preventing atherosclerotic plaque instability and rupture. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:979-997. [PMID: 33368184 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaques is the major cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Despite significant limitations in our understanding and ability to identify unstable plaque pathology and prevent plaque rupture, most atherosclerosis research utilises preclinical animal models exhibiting stable atherosclerosis. Here, we introduce the tandem stenosis (TS) mouse model that reflects plaque instability and rupture, as seen in patients. The TS model involves dual ligation of the right carotid artery, leading to locally predefined unstable atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic mice. It exhibits key characteristics of human unstable plaques, including plaque rupture, luminal thrombosis, intraplaque haemorrhage, large necrotic cores, thin or ruptured fibrous caps and extensive immune cell accumulation. Altogether, the TS model represents an ideal preclinical tool for improving our understanding of human plaque instability and rupture, for the development of imaging technologies to identify unstable plaques, and for the development and testing of plaque-stabilising treatments for the prevention of atherosclerotic plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Noonan
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Golforoush P, Yellon DM, Davidson SM. Mouse models of atherosclerosis and their suitability for the study of myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:73. [PMID: 33258000 PMCID: PMC7704510 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-00829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques impair vascular function and can lead to arterial obstruction and tissue ischaemia. Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque within a coronary artery can result in an acute myocardial infarction, which is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prompt reperfusion can salvage some of the ischaemic territory, but ischaemia and reperfusion (IR) still causes substantial injury and is, therefore, a therapeutic target for further infarct limitation. Numerous cardioprotective strategies have been identified that can limit IR injury in animal models, but none have yet been translated effectively to patients. This disconnect prompts an urgent re-examination of the experimental models used to study IR. Since coronary atherosclerosis is the most prevalent morbidity in this patient population, and impairs coronary vessel function, it is potentially a major confounder in cardioprotective studies. Surprisingly, most studies suggest that atherosclerosis does not have a major impact on cardioprotection in mouse models. However, a major limitation of atherosclerotic animal models is that the plaques usually manifest in the aorta and proximal great vessels, and rarely in the coronary vessels. In this review, we examine the commonly used mouse models of atherosclerosis and their effect on coronary artery function and infarct size. We conclude that none of the commonly used strains of mice are ideal for this purpose; however, more recently developed mouse models of atherosclerosis fulfil the requirement for coronary artery lesions, plaque rupture and lipoprotein patterns resembling the human profile, and may enable the identification of therapeutic interventions more applicable in the clinical setting.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aortic Diseases/complications
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/complications
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Coronary Artery Disease/complications
- Coronary Artery Disease/genetics
- Coronary Artery Disease/metabolism
- Coronary Artery Disease/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Myocardial Infarction/etiology
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Rupture, Spontaneous
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/deficiency
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/genetics
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Golforoush
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
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22
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Lavin B, Lacerda S, Andia ME, Lorrio S, Bakewell R, Smith A, Rashid I, Botnar RM, Phinikaridou A. Tropoelastin: an in vivo imaging marker of dysfunctional matrix turnover during abdominal aortic dilation. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:995-1005. [PMID: 31282949 PMCID: PMC7104357 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Dysfunctional matrix turnover is present at sites of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and leads to the accumulation of monomeric tropoelastin rather than cross-linked elastin. We used a gadolinium-based tropoelastin-specific magnetic resonance contrast agent (Gd-TESMA) to test whether quantifying regional tropoelastin turnover correlates with aortic expansion in a murine model. The binding of Gd-TESMA to excised human AAA was also assessed. Methods and results We utilized the angiotensin II (Ang II)-infused apolipoprotein E gene knockout (ApoE-/-) murine model of aortic dilation and performed in vivo imaging of tropoelastin by administering Gd-TESMA followed by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T1 mapping at 3 T, with subsequent ex vivo validation. In a cross-sectional study (n = 66; control = 11, infused = 55) we found that Gd-TESMA enhanced MRI was elevated and confined to dilated aortic segments (control: LGE=0.13 ± 0.04 mm2, control R1= 1.1 ± 0.05 s-1 vs. dilated LGE=1.0 ± 0.4 mm2, dilated R1 =2.4 ± 0.9 s-1) and was greater in segments with medium (8.0 ± 3.8 mm3) and large (10.4 ± 4.1 mm3) compared to small (3.6 ± 2.1 mm3) vessel volume. Furthermore, a proof-of-principle longitudinal study (n = 19) using Gd-TESMA enhanced MRI demonstrated a greater proportion of tropoelastin: elastin expression in dilating compared to non-dilating aortas, which correlated with the rate of aortic expansion. Treatment with pravastatin and aspirin (n = 10) did not reduce tropoelastin turnover (0.87 ± 0.3 mm2 vs. 1.0 ± 0.44 mm2) or aortic dilation (4.86 ± 2.44 mm3 vs. 4.0 ± 3.6 mm3). Importantly, Gd-TESMA-enhanced MRI identified accumulation of tropoelastin in excised human aneurysmal tissue (n = 4), which was confirmed histologically. Conclusion Tropoelastin MRI identifies dysfunctional matrix remodelling that is specifically expressed in regions of aortic aneurysm or dissection and correlates with the development and rate of aortic expansion. Thus, it may provide an additive imaging marker to the serial assessment of luminal diameter for surveillance of patients at risk of or with established aortopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Lavin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.,Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Lacerda
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.,Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Orléans, France
| | - Marcelo E Andia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.,Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvia Lorrio
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.,Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Bakewell
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Alberto Smith
- Cardiovascular Division, Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Imran Rashid
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.,Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK.,Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Center, King's College London, London, UK.,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alkystis Phinikaridou
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.,Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
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23
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Perrotta P, Pintelon I, de Vries MR, Quax PHA, Timmermans JP, De Meyer GRY, Martinet W. Three-Dimensional Imaging of Intraplaque Neovascularization in a Mouse Model of Advanced Atherosclerosis. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:348-354. [PMID: 32610324 DOI: 10.1159/000508449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence suggest that intraplaque (IP) neovascularization promotes atherosclerotic plaque growth, destabilization, and rupture. However, pharmacological inhibition of IP neovascularization remains largely unexplored due to the limited number of animal models that develop IP neovessels and the lack of reliable methods for visualizing IP angiogenesis. Here, we applied 3D confocal microscopy with an optimized tissue-clearing process, immunolabeling-enabled three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs, to visualize IP neovessels in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice carrying a heterozygous mutation (C1039+/-) in the fibrillin-1 gene. Unlike regular ApoE-/- mice, this mouse model is characterized by the presence of advanced plaques with evident IP neovascularization. Plaques were stained with antibodies against endothelial marker CD31 for 3 days, followed by incubation with fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies. Subsequent tissue clearing with dichloromethane (DCM)/methanol, DCM, and dibenzyl ether allowed easy visualization and 3D reconstruction of the IP vascular network while plaque morphology remained intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Perrotta
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,
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24
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Vedder VL, Aherrahrou Z, Erdmann J. Dare to Compare. Development of Atherosclerotic Lesions in Human, Mouse, and Zebrafish. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:109. [PMID: 32714944 PMCID: PMC7344238 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, are the leading cause of death worldwide. Although mice are currently the most commonly used model for atherosclerosis, zebrafish are emerging as an alternative, especially for inflammatory and lipid metabolism studies. Here, we review the history of in vivo atherosclerosis models and highlight the potential for future studies on inflammatory responses in lipid deposits in zebrafish, based on known immune reactions in humans and mice, in anticipation of new zebrafish models with more advanced atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana L Vedder
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,University Heart Centre Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,University Heart Centre Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,University Heart Centre Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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25
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Perrotta P, Van der Veken B, Van Der Veken P, Pintelon I, Roosens L, Adriaenssens E, Timmerman V, Guns PJ, De Meyer GR, Martinet W. Partial Inhibition of Glycolysis Reduces Atherogenesis Independent of Intraplaque Neovascularization in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1168-1181. [PMID: 32188275 PMCID: PMC7176341 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraplaque neovascularization is an important feature of unstable human atherosclerotic plaques. However, its impact on plaque formation and stability is poorly studied. Because proliferating endothelial cells generate up to 85% of their ATP from glycolysis, we investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of glycolytic flux by the small-molecule 3PO (3-[3-pyridinyl]-1-[4-pyridinyl]-2-propen-1-one) could have beneficial effects on plaque formation and composition. Approach and Results: ApoE-/- (apolipoprotein E deficient) mice treated with 3PO (50 µg/g, ip; 4×/wk, 4 weeks) showed a metabolic switch toward ketone body formation. Treatment of ApoE-/-Fbn1C1039G+/- mice with 3PO (50 µg/g, ip) either after 4 (preventive, twice/wk, 10 weeks) or 16 weeks of Western diet (curative, 4×/wk, 4 weeks) inhibited intraplaque neovascularization by 50% and 38%, respectively. Plaque formation was significantly reduced in all 3PO-treated animals. This effect was independent of intraplaque neovascularization. In vitro experiments showed that 3PO favors an anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage subtype and suppresses an M1 proinflammatory phenotype. Moreover, 3PO induced autophagy, which in turn impaired NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) signaling and inhibited TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha)-mediated VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) upregulation. Consistently, a preventive 3PO regimen reduced endothelial VCAM-1 expression in vivo. Furthermore, 3PO improved cardiac function in ApoE-/-Fbn1C1039G+/- mice after 10 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Partial inhibition of glycolysis restrained intraplaque angiogenesis without affecting plaque composition. However, less plaques were formed, which was accompanied by downregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules-an event that depends on autophagy induction. Inhibition of coronary plaque formation by 3PO resulted in an overall improved cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Perrotta
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology (P.P., B.V.d.V., P.-J.G., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bieke Van der Veken
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology (P.P., B.V.d.V., P.-J.G., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology (I.P.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laurence Roosens
- Antwerp University Hospital, Laboratory Medicine, Belgium (L.R.)
| | - Elias Adriaenssens
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge (E.A., V.T.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge (E.A., V.T.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Guns
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology (P.P., B.V.d.V., P.-J.G., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R.Y. De Meyer
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology (P.P., B.V.d.V., P.-J.G., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- From the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology (P.P., B.V.d.V., P.-J.G., G.R.Y.D.M., W.M.), University of Antwerp, Belgium
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26
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von Kodolitsch Y, Demolder A, Girdauskas E, Kaemmerer H, Kornhuber K, Muino Mosquera L, Morris S, Neptune E, Pyeritz R, Rand-Hendriksen S, Rahman A, Riise N, Robert L, Staufenbiel I, Szöcs K, Vanem TT, Linke SJ, Vogler M, Yetman A, De Backer J. Features of Marfan syndrome not listed in the Ghent nosology – the dark side of the disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 17:883-915. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1704625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yskert von Kodolitsch
- German Aorta Center Hamburg at University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf University Heart Centre, Clinics for Cardiology and Heart Surgery, VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre
| | - Anthony Demolder
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evaldas Girdauskas
- German Aorta Center Hamburg at University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf University Heart Centre, Clinics for Cardiology and Heart Surgery, VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre
| | - Harald Kaemmerer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich of the Free State of Bavaria, Munich
| | - Katharina Kornhuber
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich of the Free State of Bavaria, Munich
| | - Laura Muino Mosquera
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shaine Morris
- Department of Pediatrics-Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Enid Neptune
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Reed Pyeritz
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Svend Rand-Hendriksen
- TRS, National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway
| | - Alexander Rahman
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Nina Riise
- TRS, National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway
| | - Leema Robert
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ingmar Staufenbiel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Katalin Szöcs
- German Aorta Center Hamburg at University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf University Heart Centre, Clinics for Cardiology and Heart Surgery, VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre
| | - Thy Thy Vanem
- TRS, National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephan J. Linke
- Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Ophthalmological practice at the University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, zentrumsehstärke, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Vogler
- German Marfan Association, Marfan Hilfe Deutschland e.V, Eutin, Germany
| | - Anji Yetman
- Vascular Medicine, Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Julie De Backer
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre, Ghent, Belgium
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27
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de Faria AP, Modolo R, Chichareon P, Chang CC, Kogame N, Tomaniak M, Takahashi K, Rademaker-Havinga T, Wykrzykowska J, de Winter RJ, Ferreira RC, Sousa A, Lemos PA, Garg S, Hamm C, Juni P, Vranckx P, Valgimigli M, Windecker S, Onuma Y, Steg PG, Serruys PW. Association of Pulse Pressure With Clinical Outcomes in Patients Under Different Antiplatelet Strategies After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Analysis of GLOBAL LEADERS. Can J Cardiol 2019; 36:747-755. [PMID: 32139280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the association of pulse pressure (PP) and different antiplatelet regimes with clinical and safety outcomes in an all-comers percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) population. METHODS In this analysis of GLOBAL LEADERS (n = 15,936) we compared the experimental therapy of 23 months of ticagrelor after 1 month of dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) vs standard DAPT for 12 months followed by aspirin monotherapy in subjects who underwent PCI and were divided into 2 groups according to the median PP (60 mm Hg). The primary end point (all-cause death or new Q-wave myocardial infarction) and the composite end points: patient-oriented composite end points (POCE), Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 3 or 5, and net adverse clinical events (NACE) were evaluated. RESULTS At 2 years, subjects in the high-PP group (n = 7971) had similar rates of the primary end point (4.3% vs 3.9%; P = 0.058), POCE (14.9% vs 12.7%; P = 0.051), and BARC 3 or 5 (2.5% vs 1.7%; P = 0.355) and higher rates of NACE (16.4% vs 13.7%; P = 0.037) compared with the low-PP group (n = 7965). Among patients with PP < 60 mm Hg, the primary end point (3.4% vs 4.4%, adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61-0.96), POCE (11.8% vs 13.5%, aHR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76-0.98), NACE (12.8% vs 14.7%, aHR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76-0.96), and BARC 3 or 5 (1.4% vs 2.1%, aHR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49-0.97) were lower with ticagrelor monotherapy compared with DAPT. The only significant interaction was for BARC 3 or 5 (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS After contemporary PCI, subjects with high PP levels experienced high rates of NACE at 2 years. In those with low PP, ticagrelor monotherapy led to a lower risk of bleeding events compared with standard DAPT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Modolo
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cardiology Division. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ply Chichareon
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chun-Chin Chang
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Norihiro Kogame
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariusz Tomaniak
- Erasmus Medical Centre, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kuniaki Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joanna Wykrzykowska
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J de Winter
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rui C Ferreira
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amanda Sousa
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro A Lemos
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Scot Garg
- East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Hamm
- Kerckhoff Heart Center, Campus University of Giessen, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Peter Juni
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pascal Vranckx
- Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Marco Valgimigli
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Windecker
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yoshinobu Onuma
- Galway University Hospital, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Philippe Gabriel Steg
- French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, Hopital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Universite Paris-Diderot, and Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U-1148, Paris, France; Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick W Serruys
- Galway University Hospital, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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28
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Stoka KV, Maedeker JA, Bennett L, Bhayani SA, Gardner WS, Procknow JD, Cocciolone AJ, Walji TA, Craft CS, Wagenseil JE. Effects of Increased Arterial Stiffness on Atherosclerotic Plaque Amounts. J Biomech Eng 2019; 140:2672193. [PMID: 29392300 DOI: 10.1115/1.4039175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased arterial stiffness is associated with atherosclerosis in humans, but there have been limited animal studies investigating the relationship between these factors. We bred elastin wildtype (Eln+/+) and heterozygous (Eln+/-) mice to apolipoprotein E wildtype (Apoe+/+) and knockout (Apoe-/-) mice and fed them normal diet (ND) or Western diet (WD) for 12 weeks. Eln+/- mice have increased arterial stiffness. Apoe-/- mice develop atherosclerosis on ND that is accelerated by WD. It has been reported that Apoe-/- mice have increased arterial stiffness and that the increased stiffness may play a role in atherosclerotic plaque progression. We found that Eln+/+Apoe-/- arterial stiffness is similar to Eln+/+Apoe+/+ mice at physiologic pressures, suggesting that changes in stiffness do not play a role in atherosclerotic plaque progression in Apoe-/- mice. We found that Eln+/-Apoe-/- mice have increased structural arterial stiffness compared to Eln+/+Apoe-/- mice, but they only have increased amounts of ascending aortic plaque on ND, not WD. The results suggest a change in atherosclerosis progression but not end stage disease in Eln+/-Apoe-/- mice due to increased arterial stiffness. Possible contributing factors include increased blood pressure and changes in circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL6) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) that are also associated with Eln+/- genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie V Stoka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Justine A Maedeker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Lisa Bennett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Siddharth A Bhayani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - William S Gardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Jesse D Procknow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Austin J Cocciolone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, , St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Tezin A Walji
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Clarissa S Craft
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, , St. Louis, MO 63130 e-mail:
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Roth L, Van der Donckt C, Emini Veseli B, Van Dam D, De Deyn PP, Martinet W, Herman AG, De Meyer GRY. Nitric oxide donor molsidomine favors features of atherosclerotic plaque stability and reduces myocardial infarction in mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 118-119:106561. [PMID: 31085310 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) donors are commonly used for the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease. Besides their effects on the heart, NO donors may also prevent hypoxic brain damage and exert beneficial effects on atherosclerosis by favoring features of plaque stability. We recently described that apolipoprotein E (ApoE) deficient mice with a mutation in the fibrillin-1 (Fbn1) gene (ApoE-/-Fbn1C1039G+/-) develop accelerated atherosclerosis, plaque rupture, myocardial infarction, cerebral hypoxia and sudden death. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of chronic treatment with the NO donor molsidomine on atherosclerotic plaque stability, cardiac function, neurological symptoms and survival in the ApoE-/-Fbn1C1039G+/- mouse model. Female ApoE-/-Fbn1C1039G+/- mice were fed a Western diet (WD). After 8 weeks of WD, the mice were divided into two groups receiving either molsidomine via the drinking water (1 mg/kg/day; n = 34) or tap water (control; n = 36) until 25 weeks of WD. Survival tended to increase after molsidomine treatment (68% vs. 58% in controls). Importantly, atherosclerotic plaques of molsidomine-treated mice had a thicker fibrous cap (11.1 ± 1.2 vs. 8.1 ± 0.7 μm) and showed an increased occurrence of plaque macrocalcifications (30% vs. 0%), indicative of a more stable phenotype. Molsidomine also improved cardiac function, as fractional shortening was increased (40 ± 2% vs. 27 ± 2%) combined with a decreased end diastolic (3.1 ± 0.2 vs. 3.9 ± 0.2 mm) and end systolic diameter (1.9 ± 0.1 vs. 2.9 ± 0.2 mm). Furthermore, perivascular fibrosis (23 ± 2 vs. 30 ± 2%) and the occurrence of myocardial infarctions (12% vs. 36%) was significantly reduced. Track width, a measure of the animal's hind limb base of support and representative of hypoxic brain damage, was also normalized as a result of molsidomine treatment (2.54 ± 0.04 vs. 2.91 ± 0.09 cm in controls). These findings demonstrate that the NO donor molsidomine improves cardiac function, reduces neurological symptoms and enhances atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Besa Emini Veseli
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic of Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Lindendreef 1, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arnold G Herman
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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30
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Oppi S, Lüscher TF, Stein S. Mouse Models for Atherosclerosis Research-Which Is My Line? Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:46. [PMID: 31032262 PMCID: PMC6473202 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the primary causes of cardiovascular disease and mortality. This chronic immunometabolic disease evolves during decades in humans and encompasses different organs and immune cell types, as well as local and systemic processes that promote the progression of the disease. The most frequently used animal model to study these atherogenic processes and inter-organ crosstalk in a short time frame are genetically modified mouse models. Some models have been used throughout the last decades, and some others been developed recently. These models have important differences in cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism, reverse cholesterol transport pathway, obesity and diabetes as well as inflammatory processes. Therefore, the disease develops and progresses differently in the various mouse models. Since atherosclerosis is a multifaceted disease and many processes contribute to its progression, the choice of the right mouse model is important to study specific aspects of the disease. We will describe the different mouse models and provide a roadmap to facilitate current and future atherosclerosis researchers to choose the right model depending on their scientific question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Oppi
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F. Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Heart Division, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Wahart A, Hocine T, Albrecht C, Henry A, Sarazin T, Martiny L, El Btaouri H, Maurice P, Bennasroune A, Romier-Crouzet B, Blaise S, Duca L. Role of elastin peptides and elastin receptor complex in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. FEBS J 2019; 286:2980-2993. [PMID: 30946528 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Cardiovascular Continuum describes a sequence of events from cardiovascular risk factors to end-stage heart disease. It includes conventional pathologies affecting cardiovascular functions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis or thrombosis and was traditionally considered from the metabolic point of view. This Cardiovascular Continuum, originally described by Dzau and Braunwald, was extended by O'Rourke to consider also the crucial role played by degradation of elastic fibers, occurring during aging, in the appearance of vascular stiffness, another deleterious risk factor of the continuum. However, the involvement of the elastin degradation products, named elastin-derived peptides, to the Cardiovascular Continuum progression has not been considered before. Data from our laboratory and others clearly showed that these bioactive peptides are central regulators of this continuum, thereby amplifying appearance and evolution of cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes or hypertension, of vascular alterations such as atherothrombosis and calcification, but also nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The Elastin Receptor Complex has been shown to be a crucial actor in these processes. We propose here the participation of these elastin-derived peptides and of the Elastin Receptor Complex in these events, and introduce a revisited Cardiovascular Continuum based on their involvement, for which elastin-based pharmacological strategies could have a strong impact in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Wahart
- UMR CNRS 7369 MEDyC, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Thinhinane Hocine
- UMR CNRS 7369 MEDyC, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Camille Albrecht
- UMR CNRS 7369 MEDyC, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Auberi Henry
- UMR CNRS 7369 MEDyC, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Thomas Sarazin
- UMR CNRS 7369 MEDyC, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Laurent Martiny
- UMR CNRS 7369 MEDyC, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Hassan El Btaouri
- UMR CNRS 7369 MEDyC, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Pascal Maurice
- UMR CNRS 7369 MEDyC, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Amar Bennasroune
- UMR CNRS 7369 MEDyC, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | | | - Sébastien Blaise
- UMR CNRS 7369 MEDyC, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Laurent Duca
- UMR CNRS 7369 MEDyC, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
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Meester EJ, Krenning BJ, de Swart J, Segbers M, Barrett HE, Bernsen MR, Van der Heiden K, de Jong M. Perspectives on Small Animal Radionuclide Imaging; Considerations and Advances in Atherosclerosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:39. [PMID: 30915335 PMCID: PMC6421263 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses nuclear SPECT and PET imaging in small animals in relation to the atherosclerotic disease process, one of our research topics of interest. Imaging of atherosclerosis in small animal models is challenging, as it operates at the limits of current imaging possibilities regarding sensitivity, and spatial resolution. Several topics are discussed, including technical considerations that apply to image acquisition, reconstruction, and analysis. Moreover, molecules developed for or applied in these small animal nuclear imaging studies are listed, including target-directed molecules, useful for imaging organs or tissues that have elevated expression of the target compared to other tissues, and molecules that serve as substrates for metabolic processes. Differences between animal models and human pathophysiology that should be taken into account during translation from animal to patient as well as differences in tracer behavior in animal vs. man are also described. Finally, we give a future outlook on small animal radionuclide imaging in atherosclerosis, followed by recommendations. The challenges and solutions described might be applicable to other research fields of health and disease as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Meester
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - B J Krenning
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J de Swart
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Segbers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - H E Barrett
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M R Bernsen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - K Van der Heiden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Kurdi A, Roth L, Van der Veken B, Van Dam D, De Deyn PP, De Doncker M, Neels H, De Meyer GR, Martinet W. Everolimus depletes plaque macrophages, abolishes intraplaque neovascularization and improves survival in mice with advanced atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 113:70-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Liu SL, Bajpai A, Hawthorne EA, Bae Y, Castagnino P, Monslow J, Puré E, Spiller KL, Assoian RK. Cardiovascular protection in females linked to estrogen-dependent inhibition of arterial stiffening and macrophage MMP12. JCI Insight 2019; 4:e122742. [PMID: 30626744 PMCID: PMC6485356 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffening is a consequence of aging and a cholesterol-independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Arterial stiffening and CVD show a sex bias, with men more susceptible than premenopausal women. How arterial stiffness and sex interact at a molecular level to confer risk of CVD is not well understood. Here, we used the sexual dimorphism in LDLR-null mice to show that the protective effect of female sex on atherosclerosis is linked to reduced aortic stiffness and reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP12) by lesional macrophages. Deletion of MMP12 in LDLR-null mice attenuated the male sex bias for both arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis, and these effects occurred despite high serum cholesterol. Mechanistically, we found that oxidized LDL stimulates secretion of MMP12 in human as well as mouse macrophages. Estrogen antagonizes this effect by downregulating MMP12 expression. Our data support cholesterol-independent causal relationships between estrogen, oxidized LDL-induced secretion of macrophage MMP12, and arterial stiffness that protect against atherosclerosis in females and emphasize that reduced MMP12 functionality can confer atheroprotection to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-lin Liu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anamika Bajpai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Hawthorne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology and
| | - Yongho Bae
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paola Castagnino
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology and
| | - James Monslow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ellen Puré
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kara L. Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard K. Assoian
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology and
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35
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Phinikaridou A, Lacerda S, Lavin B, Andia ME, Smith A, Saha P, Botnar RM. Tropoelastin: A novel marker for plaque progression and instability. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 11. [PMID: 30214669 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.117.007303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Elastolysis and ineffective elastogenesis favor the accumulation of tropoelastin, rather than cross-linked elastin, in atherosclerotic plaques. We developed gadolinium-labeled tropoelastin-specific magnetic resonance contrast agents (Gd-TESMAs) for tropoelastin imaging in animal models. Methods and Results Two peptides, VVGSPSAQDEASPLS and YPDHVQYTHY were selected to target tropoelastin. In vitro binding, relaxivity, and biodistribution experiments enabled characterization of the probes and selecting the best candidate for in vivo MRI. MRI was performed in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice and New Zealand white rabbits with stable and rupture-prone plaques using Gd-TESMA. Additionally, human carotid endarterectomy specimens were imaged ex vivo. The VVGSPSAQDEASPLS-based probe discriminated between tropoelastin and cross-linked elastin (64±7% vs 1±2%, P=0.001), had high in vitro relaxivity in solution (r1-free=11.7±0.6mM-1s-1, r1-bound to tropoelastin = 44±1mM-1s-1) and favorable pharmacokinetics. In vivo mice vascular enhancement (4wks=0.13±0.007mm2, 8wks=0.22±0.01mm2, 12wks=0.33±0.01mm2, P<0.001) and R1 relaxation rate (4wks=0.90±0.01 s-1, 8wks=1.40±0.03 s-1, 12wks=1.87±0.04s-1, P<0.001) increased with atherosclerosis progression after Gd-TESMA injection. Conversely, statin-treated (0.13±0.01mm2, R1 =1.37±0.03s-1) and control (0.10±0.005mm2, R1 =0.87±0.05s-1) mice showed less enhancement. Rupture-prone rabbit plaques had higher R1 relaxation rate compared with stale plaques (R1=2.26±0.1s-1vs R1=1.43±0.02s-1, P=0.001), after administration of Gd-TESMA that allowed detection of rupture-prone plaques with high sensitivity (84.4%) and specificity (92.3%). Increased vascular R1 relaxation rate was observed in carotid endarterectomy plaques after soaking (R1pre= 1.1±0.26 s-1 vs R1post= 3.0±0.1s-1, P=0.01). Ex vivo analyses confirmed the MRI findings and showed uptake of the contrast agent to be specific for tropoelastin. Conclusions MRI of tropoelastin provides a novel biomarker for atherosclerotic plaque progression and instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkystis Phinikaridou
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,BHF Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Lacerda
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,BHF Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Begoña Lavin
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,BHF Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marcelo E Andia
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto Smith
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Prakash Saha
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,BHF Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK.,Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Center, King's College London, UK.,Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Santiago, Chile
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36
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Perrotta P, Emini Veseli B, Van der Veken B, Roth L, Martinet W, De Meyer GRY. Pharmacological strategies to inhibit intra-plaque angiogenesis in atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 112:72-78. [PMID: 29933080 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial disease that affects large and medium-sized arteries. Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques and subsequent acute cardiovascular complications remain a leading cause of death and morbidity in the Western world. There is a considerable difference in safety profile between a stable and a vulnerable, rupture-prone lesion. The need for plaque-stabilizing therapies is high, and for a long time the lack of a suitable animal model mimicking advanced human atherosclerotic plaques made it very difficult to make progress in this area. Evidence from human plaques indicates that intra-plaque (IP) angiogenesis promotes atherosclerosis and plaque destabilization. Although neovascularization has been widely investigated in cancer, studies on the pharmacological inhibition of this phenomenon in atherosclerosis are scarce, mainly due to the lack of an appropriate animal model. By using ApoE-/- Fbn1C1039G+/- mice, a novel model of vulnerable plaques, we were able to investigate the effect of pharmacological inhibition of various mechanisms of IP angiogenesis on plaque destabilization and atherogenesis. In the present review, we discuss the following potential pharmacological strategies to inhibit IP angiogenesis: (1) inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor signalling, (2) inhibition of glycolytic flux, and (3) inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. On the long run, IP neovascularization might be applicable as a therapeutic target to induce plaque stabilization on top of lipid-lowering treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Perrotta
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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37
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Shakeri H, Lemmens K, Gevaert AB, De Meyer GRY, Segers VFM. Cellular senescence links aging and diabetes in cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H448-H462. [PMID: 29750567 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00287.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a powerful independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and heart failure. Concomitant diabetes mellitus strongly reinforces this effect of aging on cardiovascular disease. Cellular senescence is a fundamental mechanism of aging and appears to play a crucial role in the onset and prognosis of cardiovascular disease in the context of both aging and diabetes. Senescent cells are in a state of cell cycle arrest but remain metabolically active by secreting inflammatory factors. This senescence-associated secretory phenotype is a trigger of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability. A complex interplay between these three mechanisms results in age- and diabetes-associated cardiovascular damage. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on cellular senescence and its secretory phenotype, which might be the missing link between aging and diabetes contributing to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Shakeri
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Katrien Lemmens
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Andreas B Gevaert
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium.,Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Vincent F M Segers
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
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38
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Sedding DG, Boyle EC, Demandt JAF, Sluimer JC, Dutzmann J, Haverich A, Bauersachs J. Vasa Vasorum Angiogenesis: Key Player in the Initiation and Progression of Atherosclerosis and Potential Target for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:706. [PMID: 29719532 PMCID: PMC5913371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plaque microvascularization and increased endothelial permeability are key players in the development of atherosclerosis, from the initial stages of plaque formation to the occurrence of acute cardiovascular events. First, endothelial dysfunction and increased permeability facilitate the entry of diverse inflammation-triggering molecules and particles such as low-density lipoproteins into the artery wall from the arterial lumen and vasa vasorum (VV). Recognition of entering particles by resident phagocytes in the vessel wall triggers a maladaptive inflammatory response that initiates the process of local plaque formation. The recruitment and accumulation of inflammatory cells and the subsequent release of several cytokines, especially from resident macrophages, stimulate the expansion of existing VV and the formation of new highly permeable microvessels. This, in turn, exacerbates the deposition of pro-inflammatory particles and results in the recruitment of even more inflammatory cells. The progressive accumulation of leukocytes in the intima, which trigger proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the media, results in vessel wall thickening and hypoxia, which further stimulates neoangiogenesis of VV. Ultimately, this highly inflammatory environment damages the fragile plaque microvasculature leading to intraplaque hemorrhage, plaque instability, and eventually, acute cardiovascular events. This review will focus on the pivotal roles of endothelial permeability, neoangiogenesis, and plaque microvascularization by VV during plaque initiation, progression, and rupture. Special emphasis will be given to the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies to selectively target these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Sedding
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erin C Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasper A F Demandt
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jochen Dutzmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Daemen MJ, Gijsen FJH, Heiden KVD, Hoogendoorn A. Animal models for plaque rupture: a biomechanical assessment. Thromb Haemost 2018; 115:501-8. [DOI: 10.1160/th15-07-0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryRupture of atherosclerotic plaques is the main cause of acute cardiovascular events. Animal models of plaque rupture are rare but essential for testing new imaging modalities to enable diagnosis of the patient at risk. Moreover, they enable the design of new treatment strategies to prevent plaque rupture. Several animal models for the study of atherosclerosis are available. Plaque rupture in these models only occurs following severe surgical or pharmaceutical intervention. In the process of plaque rupture, composition, biology and mechanics each play a role, but the latter has been disregarded in many animal studies. The biomechanical environment for atherosclerotic plaques is comprised of two parts, the pressure-induced stress distribution, mainly - but not exclusively – influenced by plaque composition, and the strength distribution throughout the plaque, largely determined by the inflammatory state. This environment differs considerably between humans and most animals, resulting in suboptimal conditions for plaque rupture. In this review we describe the role of the biomechanical environment in plaque rupture and assess this environment in animal models that present with plaque rupture.
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Kranenburg G, Visseren FLJ, de Borst GJ, de Jong PA, Spiering W. Arterial stiffening and thickening in patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Atherosclerosis 2018; 270:160-165. [PMID: 29432933 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a monogenetic calcification disease, are at high vascular risk. Although the precise arterial phenotype remains unestablished, it is hypothesized that PXE predominantly affects the medial arterial layer leading to arterial stiffening. We aimed to test this hypothesis by measuring arterial wall characteristics in PXE and comparisons with the general population and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), a condition typically associated with mixed intimal and medial arterial disease. METHODS Extensive arterial wall characterization was performed in 203 PXE patients involving intima-media thickness (IMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and pulse pressure (PP) measurements. IMT and PWV in PXE were compared with the general population using age, sex and mean arterial pressure corrected values for each PXE patient. IMT and PP were compared between PXE and DM2 independently of sex, age and systolic blood pressure, using data of DM2 patients (n = 1033) from the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) cohort. RESULTS PXE patients had significantly higher IMT (mean difference 0.09 mm; 95% CI 0.07-0.12 mm) and PWV (mean difference 2.5 m/s; 95% CI 1.9-3.0 m/s) compared to the general population. IMT in PXE was lower compared to DM2 (0.72 mm; 95% CI 0.68-0.75 mm vs. 0.85 mm; 95% CI 0.83-0.87 mm, p-value<0.01), whereas PP in PXE was higher compared to DM2 (60 mmHg; 95% CI 59-62 vs. 57 mmHg; 95% CI 57-58 mmHg, p-value<0.01). CONCLUSIONS PXE patients have thicker arterial walls than the general population, but thinner arterial walls than DM2 patients at similar age. Arterial stiffening is more pronounced in PXE patients compared to DM2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Kranenburg
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Pim A de Jong
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Wilko Spiering
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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Van der Veken B, De Meyer GR, Martinet W. Axitinib attenuates intraplaque angiogenesis, haemorrhages and plaque destabilization in mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 100:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Animal models of atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:3-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Cytoprotective effects of transgenic neuroglobin overexpression in an acute and chronic mouse model of ischemic heart disease. Heart Vessels 2017; 33:80-88. [PMID: 29098407 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-1065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (NGB) is an oxygen-binding protein that is mainly expressed in nervous tissues where it is considered to be neuroprotective during ischemic brain injury. Interestingly, transgenic mice overexpressing NGB reveal cytoprotective effects on tissues lacking endogenous NGB, which might indicate a therapeutic role for NGB in a broad range of ischemic conditions. In the present study, we investigated the effect of NGB overexpression on survival as well as on the size and occurrence of myocardial infarctions (MI) in a mouse model of acute MI (AMI) and a model of advanced atherosclerosis (ApoE -/- Fbn1 C1039G+/- mice), in which coronary plaques and MI develop in mice being fed a Western-type diet. Overexpression of NGB significantly enhanced post-AMI survival and reduced MI size by 14% 1 week after AMI. Gene expression analysis of the infarction border showed reduction of tissue hypoxia and attenuation of hypoxia-induced inflammatory pathways, which might be responsible for these beneficial effects. In contrast, NGB overexpression did not affect survival or occurrence of MI in the atherosclerotic mice although the incidence of coronary plaques was significantly reduced. In conclusion, NGB proved to act cytoprotectively during MI in the acute setting while this effect was less pronounced in the atherosclerosis model.
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Kim CW, Pokutta-Paskaleva A, Kumar S, Timmins LH, Morris AD, Kang DW, Dalal S, Chadid T, Kuo KM, Raykin J, Li H, Yanagisawa H, Gleason RL, Jo H, Brewster LP. Disturbed Flow Promotes Arterial Stiffening Through Thrombospondin-1. Circulation 2017; 136:1217-1232. [PMID: 28778947 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.026361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness and wall shear stress are powerful determinants of cardiovascular health, and arterial stiffness is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Low and oscillatory wall shear stress, termed disturbed flow (d-flow), promotes atherosclerotic arterial remodeling, but the relationship between d-flow and arterial stiffness is not well understood. The objective of this study was to define the role of d-flow on arterial stiffening and discover the relevant signaling pathways by which d-flow stiffens arteries. METHODS D-flow was induced in the carotid arteries of young and old mice of both sexes. Arterial stiffness was quantified ex vivo with cylindrical biaxial mechanical testing and in vivo from duplex ultrasound and compared with unmanipulated carotid arteries from 80-week-old mice. Gene expression and pathway analysis was performed on endothelial cell-enriched RNA and validated by immunohistochemistry. In vitro testing of signaling pathways was performed under oscillatory and laminar wall shear stress conditions. Human arteries from regions of d-flow and stable flow were tested ex vivo to validate critical results from the animal model. RESULTS D-flow induced arterial stiffening through collagen deposition after partial carotid ligation, and the degree of stiffening was similar to that of unmanipulated carotid arteries from 80-week-old mice. Intimal gene pathway analyses identified transforming growth factor-β pathways as having a prominent role in this stiffened arterial response, but this was attributable to thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) stimulation of profibrotic genes and not changes to transforming growth factor-β. In vitro and in vivo testing under d-flow conditions identified a possible role for TSP-1 activation of transforming growth factor-β in the upregulation of these genes. TSP-1 knockout animals had significantly less arterial stiffening in response to d-flow than wild-type carotid arteries. Human arteries exposed to d-flow had similar increases TSP-1 and collagen gene expression as seen in our model. CONCLUSIONS TSP-1 has a critical role in shear-mediated arterial stiffening that is mediated in part through TSP-1's activation of the profibrotic signaling pathways of transforming growth factor-β. Molecular targets in this pathway may lead to novel therapies to limit arterial stiffening and the progression of disease in arteries exposed to d-flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Kim
- From Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (C.W.K., A.P.-P., S.K., D.-W.K., J.R., R.L.G., H.J., L.P.B.); Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (C.W.K.); Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.-P., A.D.M., T.C., K.M.K., H.L., L.P.B.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (L.H.T.); Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.H.T.); Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA (S.D.); Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.Y.); George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (R.L.G.); Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (L.P.B.); and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (L.P.B.)
| | - Anastassia Pokutta-Paskaleva
- From Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (C.W.K., A.P.-P., S.K., D.-W.K., J.R., R.L.G., H.J., L.P.B.); Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (C.W.K.); Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.-P., A.D.M., T.C., K.M.K., H.L., L.P.B.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (L.H.T.); Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.H.T.); Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA (S.D.); Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.Y.); George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (R.L.G.); Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (L.P.B.); and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (L.P.B.)
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- From Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (C.W.K., A.P.-P., S.K., D.-W.K., J.R., R.L.G., H.J., L.P.B.); Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (C.W.K.); Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.-P., A.D.M., T.C., K.M.K., H.L., L.P.B.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (L.H.T.); Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.H.T.); Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA (S.D.); Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.Y.); George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (R.L.G.); Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (L.P.B.); and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (L.P.B.)
| | - Lucas H Timmins
- From Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (C.W.K., A.P.-P., S.K., D.-W.K., J.R., R.L.G., H.J., L.P.B.); Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (C.W.K.); Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.-P., A.D.M., T.C., K.M.K., H.L., L.P.B.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (L.H.T.); Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.H.T.); Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA (S.D.); Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.Y.); George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (R.L.G.); Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (L.P.B.); and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (L.P.B.)
| | - Andrew D Morris
- From Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (C.W.K., A.P.-P., S.K., D.-W.K., J.R., R.L.G., H.J., L.P.B.); Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (C.W.K.); Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.-P., A.D.M., T.C., K.M.K., H.L., L.P.B.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (L.H.T.); Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.H.T.); Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA (S.D.); Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.Y.); George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (R.L.G.); Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (L.P.B.); and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (L.P.B.)
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- From Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (C.W.K., A.P.-P., S.K., D.-W.K., J.R., R.L.G., H.J., L.P.B.); Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (C.W.K.); Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.-P., A.D.M., T.C., K.M.K., H.L., L.P.B.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (L.H.T.); Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.H.T.); Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA (S.D.); Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.Y.); George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (R.L.G.); Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (L.P.B.); and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (L.P.B.)
| | - Sidd Dalal
- From Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (C.W.K., A.P.-P., S.K., D.-W.K., J.R., R.L.G., H.J., L.P.B.); Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (C.W.K.); Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.-P., A.D.M., T.C., K.M.K., H.L., L.P.B.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (L.H.T.); Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.H.T.); Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA (S.D.); Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.Y.); George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (R.L.G.); Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (L.P.B.); and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (L.P.B.)
| | - Tatiana Chadid
- From Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (C.W.K., A.P.-P., S.K., D.-W.K., J.R., R.L.G., H.J., L.P.B.); Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (C.W.K.); Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.-P., A.D.M., T.C., K.M.K., H.L., L.P.B.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (L.H.T.); Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.H.T.); Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA (S.D.); Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.Y.); George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (R.L.G.); Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (L.P.B.); and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (L.P.B.)
| | - Katie M Kuo
- From Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (C.W.K., A.P.-P., S.K., D.-W.K., J.R., R.L.G., H.J., L.P.B.); Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (C.W.K.); Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.-P., A.D.M., T.C., K.M.K., H.L., L.P.B.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (L.H.T.); Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.H.T.); Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA (S.D.); Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.Y.); George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (R.L.G.); Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (L.P.B.); and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (L.P.B.)
| | - Julia Raykin
- From Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (C.W.K., A.P.-P., S.K., D.-W.K., J.R., R.L.G., H.J., L.P.B.); Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (C.W.K.); Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.-P., A.D.M., T.C., K.M.K., H.L., L.P.B.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (L.H.T.); Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.H.T.); Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA (S.D.); Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.Y.); George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (R.L.G.); Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (L.P.B.); and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (L.P.B.)
| | - Haiyan Li
- From Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (C.W.K., A.P.-P., S.K., D.-W.K., J.R., R.L.G., H.J., L.P.B.); Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (C.W.K.); Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.-P., A.D.M., T.C., K.M.K., H.L., L.P.B.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (L.H.T.); Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.H.T.); Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA (S.D.); Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.Y.); George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (R.L.G.); Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (L.P.B.); and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (L.P.B.)
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- From Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (C.W.K., A.P.-P., S.K., D.-W.K., J.R., R.L.G., H.J., L.P.B.); Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (C.W.K.); Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.-P., A.D.M., T.C., K.M.K., H.L., L.P.B.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (L.H.T.); Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.H.T.); Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA (S.D.); Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.Y.); George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (R.L.G.); Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (L.P.B.); and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (L.P.B.)
| | - Rudolph L Gleason
- From Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (C.W.K., A.P.-P., S.K., D.-W.K., J.R., R.L.G., H.J., L.P.B.); Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (C.W.K.); Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.-P., A.D.M., T.C., K.M.K., H.L., L.P.B.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (L.H.T.); Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.H.T.); Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA (S.D.); Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.Y.); George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (R.L.G.); Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (L.P.B.); and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (L.P.B.)
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- From Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (C.W.K., A.P.-P., S.K., D.-W.K., J.R., R.L.G., H.J., L.P.B.); Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (C.W.K.); Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.-P., A.D.M., T.C., K.M.K., H.L., L.P.B.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (L.H.T.); Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.H.T.); Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA (S.D.); Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.Y.); George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (R.L.G.); Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (L.P.B.); and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (L.P.B.).
| | - Luke P Brewster
- From Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta (C.W.K., A.P.-P., S.K., D.-W.K., J.R., R.L.G., H.J., L.P.B.); Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (C.W.K.); Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.P.-P., A.D.M., T.C., K.M.K., H.L., L.P.B.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (L.H.T.); Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.H.T.); Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA (S.D.); Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (H.Y.); George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (R.L.G.); Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (L.P.B.); and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta (L.P.B.).
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Parma L, Baganha F, Quax PHA, de Vries MR. Plaque angiogenesis and intraplaque hemorrhage in atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:107-115. [PMID: 28435093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute cardiovascular events, due to rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque, represent the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients. Growing evidence suggests that plaque neovascularization is an important contributor to plaque growth and instability. The vessels' immaturity, with profound structural and functional abnormalities, leads to recurrent intraplaque hemorrhage. This review discusses new insights of atherosclerotic neovascularization, including the effects of leaky neovessels on intraplaque hemorrhage, both in experimental models and humans. Furthermore, modalities for in vivo imaging and therapeutic interventions to target plaque angiogenesis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Parma
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Fabiana Baganha
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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De Moudt S, Leloup A, Van Hove C, De Meyer G, Fransen P. Isometric Stretch Alters Vascular Reactivity of Mouse Aortic Segments. Front Physiol 2017; 8:157. [PMID: 28360864 PMCID: PMC5352655 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most vaso-reactive studies in mouse aortic segments are performed in isometric conditions and at an optimal preload, which is the preload corresponding to a maximal contraction by non-receptor or receptor-mediated stimulation. In general, this optimal preload ranges from about 1.2 to 8.0 mN/mm, which according to Laplace's law roughly correlates with transmural pressures of 10-65 mmHg. For physiologic transmural pressures around 100 mmHg, preloads of 15.0 mN/mm should be implemented. The present study aimed to compare vascular reactivity of 2 mm mouse (C57Bl6) aortic segments preloaded at optimal (8.0 mN/mm) vs. (patho) physiological (10.0-32.5 mN/mm) preload. Voltage-dependent contractions of aortic segments, induced by increasing extracellular K+, and contractions by α1-adrenergic stimulation with phenylephrine (PE) were studied at these preloads in the absence and presence of L-NAME to inhibit basal release of NO from endothelial cells (EC). In the absence of basal NO release and with higher than optimal preload, contractions evoked by depolarization or PE were attenuated, whereas in the presence of basal release of NO PE-, but not depolarization-induced contractions were preload-independent. Phasic contractions by PE, as measured in the absence of external Ca2+, were decreased at higher than optimal preload suggestive for a lower contractile SR Ca2+ content at physiological preload. Further, in the presence of external Ca2+, contractions by Ca2+ influx via voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels were preload-independent, whereas non-selective cation channel-mediated contractions were increased. The latter contractions were very sensitive to the basal release of NO, which itself seemed to be preload-independent. Relaxation by endogenous NO (acetylcholine) of aortic segments pre-contracted with PE was preload-independent, whereas relaxation by exogenous NO (diethylamine NONOate) displayed higher sensitivity at high preload. Results indicated that stretching aortic segments to higher than optimal preload depolarizes the SMC and causes Ca2+ unloading of the contractile SR, making them extremely sensitive to small changes in the basal release of NO from EC as can occur in hypertension or arterial stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie De Moudt
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arthur Leloup
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cor Van Hove
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Fransen
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium
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Di Gregoli K, Mohamad Anuar NN, Bianco R, White SJ, Newby AC, George SJ, Johnson JL. MicroRNA-181b Controls Atherosclerosis and Aneurysms Through Regulation of TIMP-3 and Elastin. Circ Res 2016; 120:49-65. [PMID: 27756793 PMCID: PMC5214094 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Atherosclerosis and aneurysms are leading causes of mortality worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRs) are key determinants of gene and protein expression, and atypical miR expression has been associated with many cardiovascular diseases; although their contributory role to atherosclerotic plaque and abdominal aortic aneurysm stability are poorly understood. Objective: To investigate whether miR-181b regulates tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 expression and affects atherosclerosis and aneurysms. Methods and Results: Here, we demonstrate that miR-181b was overexpressed in symptomatic human atherosclerotic plaques and abdominal aortic aneurysms and correlated with decreased expression of predicted miR-181b targets, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3, and elastin. Using the well-characterized mouse atherosclerosis models of Apoe−/− and Ldlr−/−, we observed that in vivo administration of locked nucleic acid anti-miR-181b retarded both the development and the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Systemic delivery of anti-miR-181b in angiotensin II–infused Apoe−/− and Ldlr−/− mice attenuated aneurysm formation and progression within the ascending, thoracic, and abdominal aorta. Moreover, miR-181b inhibition greatly increased elastin and collagen expression, promoting a fibrotic response and subsequent stabilization of existing plaques and aneurysms. We determined that miR-181b negatively regulates macrophage tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 expression and vascular smooth muscle cell elastin production, both important factors in maintaining atherosclerotic plaque and aneurysm stability. Validation studies in Timp3−/− mice confirmed that the beneficial effects afforded by miR-181b inhibition are largely tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 dependent, while also revealing an additional protective effect through elevating elastin synthesis. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the management of miR-181b and its target genes provides therapeutic potential for limiting the progression of atherosclerosis and aneurysms and protecting them from rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Di Gregoli
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, England
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, England
| | - Rosaria Bianco
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, England
| | - Stephen J White
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, England
| | - Andrew C Newby
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, England
| | - Sarah J George
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, England
| | - Jason L Johnson
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, England.
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Molecular Imaging of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques in Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091511. [PMID: 27618031 PMCID: PMC5037788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by intimal plaques of the arterial vessels that develop slowly and, in some cases, may undergo spontaneous rupture with subsequent heart attack or stroke. Currently, noninvasive diagnostic tools are inadequate to screen atherosclerotic lesions at high risk of acute complications. Therefore, the attention of the scientific community has been focused on the use of molecular imaging for identifying vulnerable plaques. Genetically engineered murine models such as ApoE−/− and ApoE−/−Fbn1C1039G+/− mice have been shown to be useful for testing new probes targeting biomarkers of relevant molecular processes for the characterization of vulnerable plaques, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, P-selectin, and integrins, and for the potential development of translational tools to identify high-risk patients who could benefit from early therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes the main animal models of vulnerable plaques, with an emphasis on genetically altered mice, and the state-of-the-art preclinical molecular imaging strategies.
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49
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Leloup AJA, Van Hove CE, Kurdi A, De Moudt S, Martinet W, De Meyer GRY, Schrijvers DM, De Keulenaer GW, Fransen P. A novel set-up for the ex vivo analysis of mechanical properties of mouse aortic segments stretched at physiological pressure and frequency. J Physiol 2016; 594:6105-6115. [PMID: 27256450 DOI: 10.1113/jp272623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Cyclic stretch is known to alter intracellular pathways involved in vessel tone regulation. We developed a novel set-up that allows straightforward characterization of the biomechanical properties of the mouse aorta while stretched at a physiological heart rate (600 beats min-1 ). Active vessel tone was shown to have surprisingly large effects on isobaric stiffness. The effect of structural vessel wall alterations was confirmed using a genetic mouse model. This set-up will contribute to a better understanding of how active vessel wall components and mechanical stimuli such as stretch frequency and amplitude regulate aortic mechanics. ABSTRACT Cyclic stretch is a major contributor to vascular function. However, isolated mouse aortas are frequently studied at low stretch frequency or even in isometric conditions. Pacing experiments in rodents and humans show that arterial compliance is stretch frequency dependent. The Rodent Oscillatory Tension Set-up to study Arterial Compliance is an in-house developed organ bath set-up that clamps aortic segments to imposed preloads at physiological rates up to 600 beats min-1 . The technique enables us to derive pressure-diameter loops and assess biomechanical properties of the segment. To validate the applicability of this set-up we aimed to confirm the effects of distension pressure and vascular smooth muscle tone on arterial stiffness. At physiological stretch frequency (10 Hz), the Peterson modulus (EP ; 293 (10) mmHg) for wild-type mouse aorta increased 22% upon a rise in pressure from 80-120 mmHg to 100-140 mmHg, while, at normal pressure, EP increased 80% upon maximal contraction of the vascular smooth muscle cells. We further validated the method using a mouse model with a mutation in the fibrillin-1 gene and an endothelial nitric oxide synthase knock-out model. Both models are known to have increased arterial stiffness, and this was confirmed using the set-up. To our knowledge, this is the first set-up that facilitates the study of biomechanical properties of mouse aortic segments at physiological stretch frequency and pressure. We believe that this set-up can contribute to a better understanding of how cyclic stretch frequency, amplitude and active vessel wall components influence arterial stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J A Leloup
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Cor E Van Hove
- University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ammar Kurdi
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Moudt
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dorien M Schrijvers
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gilles W De Keulenaer
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Fransen
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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50
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Assessment of shear stress related parameters in the carotid bifurcation using mouse-specific FSI simulations. J Biomech 2016; 49:2135-2142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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