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Zhan C, Tang T, Wu E, Zhang Y, He M, Wu R, Bi C, Wang J, Zhang Y, Shen B. From multi-omics approaches to personalized medicine in myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1250340. [PMID: 37965091 PMCID: PMC10642346 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1250340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease characterized by myocardial necrosis resulting from coronary artery ischemia and hypoxia, which can lead to severe complications such as arrhythmia, cardiac rupture, heart failure, and sudden death. Despite being a research hotspot, the etiological mechanism of MI remains unclear. The emergence and widespread use of omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics, have provided new opportunities for exploring the molecular mechanism of MI and identifying a large number of disease biomarkers. However, a single-omics approach has limitations in understanding the complex biological pathways of diseases. The multi-omics approach can reveal the interaction network among molecules at various levels and overcome the limitations of the single-omics approaches. This review focuses on the omics studies of MI, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics. The exploration extended into the domain of multi-omics integrative analysis, accompanied by a compilation of diverse online resources, databases, and tools conducive to these investigations. Additionally, we discussed the role and prospects of multi-omics approaches in personalized medicine, highlighting the potential for improving diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Zhan
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Tang
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Erman Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- KeyLaboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengqiao He
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Bi
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- KeyLaboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingbo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Cardiology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Grbić E, Globočnik Petrovič M, Cilenšek I, Petrovič D. SLC22A3 rs2048327 Polymorphism Is Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy in Caucasians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2303. [PMID: 37626799 PMCID: PMC10452275 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 3 (SLC22A3) is a high-capacity, low-affinity transporter for the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and histamine. SLC22A3 plays important roles in interorgan and interorganism small-molecule communication, and also regulates local and overall homeostasis in the body. Our aim was to investigate the association between the rs2048327 gene polymorphism and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Slovenian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We also investigated SLC22A3 expression in the fibrovascular membranes (FVMs) of patients with proliferative DR (PDR). Our study involved 1555 unrelated Caucasians with T2DM with a defined ophthalmologic status: 577 of them with DR as the study group, and 978 without DR as the control group. The investigated polymorphisms were genotyped using the KASPar genotyping assay. The expression of SLC22A3 (organic cation transporter 3-OCT3) was examined via immunohistochemistry in human FVM from 16 patients with PDR. The C allele and CC genotype frequencies of the rs2048327 polymorphism were significantly higher in the study group compared to the controls. The logistic regression analysis showed that the carriers of the CC genotype in the recessive genetic models of this polymorphism have a 1.531-fold increase (95% CI 1.083-2.161) in the risk of developing DR. Patients with the C allele of rs2048327 compared to the homozygotes for the wild type T allele exhibited a higher density of SLC22A3 (OCT3)-positive cells (10.5 ± 4.5/mm2 vs. 6.1 ± 2.7/mm2, respectively; p < 0.001). We showed the association of the rs2048327 SLC22A3 gene polymorphism with DR in a Slovenian cohort with type 2 diabetes mellitus, indicating its possible role as a genetic risk factor for the development of this diabetic complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Grbić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | | | - Ines Cilenšek
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Danijel Petrovič
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Deficiency of proline/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 1 (PSRC1) accelerates trimethylamine N-oxide-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 170:60-74. [PMID: 35690006 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The main therapeutic strategies for coronary artery disease (CAD) are mainly based on the correction of abnormal cholesterol levels; however, residual risks remain. The newly proven gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) linked with CAD has broadened our horizons. In this study, we determined the role of proline/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 1 (PSRC1) in TMAO-driven atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We first analyzed the levels of TMAO and PSRC1 in patients with or without atherosclerosis with a target LDL-C < 1.8 mmol/L. Plasma TMAO levels were increased and negatively associated with decreased PSRC1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Animals and in vitro studies showed that TMAO inhibited macrophage PSRC1 expression due to DNA hypermethylation of CpG islands. ApoE-/- mice fed a choline-supplemented diet exhibited reduced PSRC1 expression accompanied by increased atherosclerotic lesions and plasma TMAO levels. We further deleted PSRC1 in apoE-/- mice and PSRC1 deficiency significantly accelerated choline-induced atherogenesis, characterized by increased macrophage infiltration, foam cell formation and M1 macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, we overexpressed and knocked out PSRC1 in cultured macrophages to explore the mechanisms underlying TMAO-induced cholesterol accumulation and inflammation. PSRC1 deletion impaired reverse cholesterol transport and enhanced cholesterol uptake and inflammation, while PSRC1 overexpression rescued the proatherogenic phenotype observed in TMAO-stimulated macrophages, which was partially attributed to sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Herein, clinical data provide evidence that TMAO may participate in the development of CAD beyond well-controlled LDL-C levels. Our work also suggests that PSRC1 is a negative regulator mediating the unfavorable effects of TMAO-containing diets. Therefore, PSRC1 overexpression and reduced choline consumption may further alleviate atherosclerosis.
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Luo T, Guo Z, Liu D, Guo Z, Wu Q, Li Q, Lin R, Chen P, Ou C, Chen M. Deficiency of PSRC1 accelerates atherosclerosis by increasing TMAO production via manipulating gut microbiota and flavin monooxygenase 3. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2077602. [PMID: 35613310 PMCID: PMC9135421 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2077602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive inflammatory and immune responses are responsible for intestinal barrier integrity and function dysregulation. Proline/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 1 (PSRC1) critically contributes to the immune system, but direct data on the gut microbiota and the microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are lacking. Here, we investigated the impact of PSRC1 deletion on TMAO generation and atherosclerosis. We first found that PSRC1 deletion in apoE-/- mice accelerated atherosclerotic plaque formation, and then the gut microbiota and metabolites were detected using metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics. Our results showed that PSRC1 deficiency enriched trimethylamine (TMA)-producing bacteria and functional potential for TMA synthesis and accordingly enhanced plasma betaine and TMAO production. Furthermore, PSRC1 deficiency resulted in a proinflammatory colonic phenotype that was significantly associated with the dysregulated bacteria. Unexpectedly, hepatic RNA-seq indicated upregulated flavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) expression following PSRC1 knockout. Mechanistically, PSRC1 overexpression inhibited FMO3 expression in vitro, while an ERα inhibitor rescued the downregulation. Consistently, PSRC1-knockout mice exhibited higher plasma TMAO levels with a choline-supplemented diet, which was gut microbiota dependent, as evidenced by antibiotic treatment. To investigate the role of dysbiosis induced by PSRC1 deletion in atherogenesis, apoE-/- mice were transplanted with the fecal microbiota from either apoE-/- or PSRC1-/-apoE-/- donor mice. Mice that received PSRC1-knockout mouse feces showed an elevation in TMAO levels, as well as plaque lipid deposition and macrophage accumulation, which were accompanied by increased plasma lipid levels and impaired hepatic cholesterol transport. Overall, we identified PSRC1 as an atherosclerosis-protective factor, at least in part, attributable to its regulation of TMAO generation via a multistep pathway. Thus, PSRC1 holds great potential for manipulating the gut microbiome and alleviating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China,Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongzhou Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinxian Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongzhan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peier Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiwen Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,CONTACT Caiwen Ou Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minsheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, China,Minsheng Chen Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, P.R. China
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5
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Tong X, Zhao X, Dang X, Kou Y, Kou J. Predicting Diagnostic Gene Biomarkers Associated With Immune Checkpoints, N6-Methyladenosine, and Ferroptosis in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:836067. [PMID: 35224064 PMCID: PMC8873927 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.836067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine early diagnosis genes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and then validate their association with ferroptosis, immune checkpoints, and N6-methyladenosine (m6A), which may provide a potential method for the early diagnosis of AMI. Firstly, we downloaded microarray data from NCBI (GSE61144, GSE60993, and GSE42148) and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in samples from healthy subjects and patients with AMI. Also, we performed systematic gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses and used STRING to predict protein interactions. Moreover, MCC and MCODE algorithms in the cytoHubba plug-in were used to screen nine key genes in the network. We then determined the diagnostic significance of the nine obtained DEGs by plotting receiver operating characteristic curves using a multiscale curvature classification algorithm. Meanwhile, we investigated the relationship between AMI and immune checkpoints, ferroptosis, and m6A. In addition, we further validated the key genes through the GSE66360 dataset and consequently obtained nine specific genes that can be used as early diagnosis biomarkers for AMI. Through screening, we identified 210 DEGs, including 53 downregulated and 157 upregulated genes. According to GO, KEGG, and key gene screening results, FPR1, CXCR1, ELANE, TLR2, S100A12, TLR4, CXCL8, FPR2 and CAMP could be used for early prediction of AMI. Finally, we found that AMI was associated with ferroptosis, immune checkpoints, and m6A and FPR1, CXCR1, ELANE, TLR2, S100A12, TLR4, CXCL8, FPR2 and CAMP are effective markers for the diagnosis of AMI, which can provide new prospects for future studies on the pathogenesis of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xuan Dang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Kou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Kou
| | - Junjie Kou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Junjie Kou
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Polygenic Risk Scores to Identify CVD Risk and Tailor Therapy: Hope or Hype? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:47. [PMID: 34181090 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to understand the conceptual basis and implications of polygenic risk scores (PRS) in assessing risk of future coronary artery disease (CAD). RECENT FINDINGS Genetic information from the USA and beyond has been pooled together to create population-based biobanks, composed of millions of genotyped individuals, which have helped further our understanding of the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and CAD. Contemporary PRS composed of millions of SNPs now serve as the gold standard and have been evaluated in several cohort studies to predict risk of CAD and potentially help guide pharmacotherapy. The development of PRS has enhanced our understanding of the relationship between genes and disease, thereby facilitating CAD risk prediction. While certain constraints currently limit their utility in clinical practice, further refinement of this tool will enable clinicians to more fully understand genetic risk and improve preventive care.
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Najd Hassan Bonab L, Moazzam-Jazi M, Miri Moosavi RS, Fallah MS, Lanjanian H, Masjoudi S, Daneshpour MS. Low HDL concentration in rs2048327-G carriers can predispose men to develop coronary heart disease: Tehran Cardiometabolic genetic study (TCGS). Gene 2021; 778:145485. [PMID: 33581269 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) highlighted the importance of genetic variations on SLC22A3 and MIA3 genes in developing coronary heart disease (CHD) among different ethnicities. However, the influence of these variations is not recognized within the Iranian population. Hence, in the present study, we aim to investigate two key single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on CHD incidence in this population. For this purpose, from Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetic Study (TCGS), 453 individuals with CHD were selected as a case and 453 individuals as a control that matched their age and gender. After quality control of two selected SNPs, rs2048327 (SLC22A3) and rs17465637 (MIA3), we used genotyps resulted from chip-typing technology and conducted the logistic regression analysis adjusted for non-genetic risk factors to detect the possible association of these SNPs with the CHD development. Our findings demonstrated the rs2048327-G and rs17465637-C can significantly increase the risk of CHD development about two times in only males and females, respectively. Interestingly, in the male carriers of the risk allele (G) of rs2048327, the low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level can significantly predispose them to develop coronary heart disease in the future. According to our results, paying more attention to gender and genetic markers can help more efficient coronary heart disease screening and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Najd Hassan Bonab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Moazzam-Jazi
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hossein Lanjanian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajedeh Masjoudi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Chen G, Liu L, Li H, Lun Z, Mai Z, Lai W, Chen E, Zhou C, Yu S, Yang J, Chen S, Chen J, Liu Y. Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome-Wide Association Study and mRNA Expression Profiles Identified Candidate Genes and Pathways Associated With Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Genet 2021; 12:616492. [PMID: 33603775 PMCID: PMC7884756 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.616492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), characterized by an event of myocardial necrosis, is a common cardiac emergency worldwide. However, the genetic mechanisms of AMI remain largely elusive. Methods A genome-wide association study dataset of AMI was obtained from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D project. A transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) was conducted using the FUSION tool with gene expression references of the left ventricle and whole blood. Significant genes detected by TWAS were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. Then the TWAS results of AMI were integrated with mRNA expression profiling to identify common genes and biological processes. Finally, the identified common genes were validated by RT-qPCR analysis. Results TWAS identified 1,050 genes for the left ventricle and 1,079 genes for whole blood. Upon comparison with the mRNA expression profile, 4 common genes were detected, including HP (PTWAS = 1.22 × 10–3, PGEO = 4.98 × 10–2); CAMP (PTWAS = 2.48 × 10–2, PGEO = 2.36 × 10–5); TNFAIP6 (PTWAS = 1.90 × 10–2, PGEO = 3.46 × 10–2); and ARG1 (PTWAS = 8.35 × 10–3, PGEO = 4.93 × 10–2). Functional enrichment analysis of the genes identified by TWAS detected multiple AMI-associated biological processes, including autophagy of mitochondrion (GO: 0000422) and mitochondrion disassembly (GO: 0061726). Conclusion This integrative study of TWAS and mRNA expression profiling identified multiple candidate genes and biological processes for AMI. Our results may provide a fundamental clue for understanding the genetic mechanisms of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanqiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhubin Lun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ziling Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enzhao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyun Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijia Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Paige B, Bell J, Bellet A, Gascón A, Ezer D. Reconstructing Genotypes in Private Genomic Databases from Genetic Risk Scores. J Comput Biol 2021; 28:435-451. [PMID: 33400590 PMCID: PMC8165474 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2020.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some organizations such as 23andMe and the UK Biobank have large genomic databases that they re-use for multiple different genome-wide association studies. Even research studies that compile smaller genomic databases often utilize these databases to investigate many related traits. It is common for the study to report a genetic risk score (GRS) model for each trait within the publication. Here, we show that under some circumstances, these GRS models can be used to recover the genetic variants of individuals in these genomic databases—a reconstruction attack. In particular, if two GRS models are trained by using a largely overlapping set of participants, it is often possible to determine the genotype for each of the individuals who were used to train one GRS model, but not the other. We demonstrate this theoretically and experimentally by analyzing the Cornell Dog Genome database. The accuracy of our reconstruction attack depends on how accurately we can estimate the rate of co-occurrence of pairs of single nucleotide polymorphisms within the private database, so if this aggregate information is ever released, it would drastically reduce the security of a private genomic database. Caution should be applied when using the same database for multiple analysis, especially when a small number of individuals are included or excluded from one part of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks Paige
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Bell
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aurélien Bellet
- Inria, Parc Scientifique de la Haute Borne Park Plaza, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Adrià Gascón
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom.,University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Daphne Ezer
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom.,University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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10
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Semaev S, Shakhtshneider E. Genetic Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease: Review. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040239. [PMID: 33233501 PMCID: PMC7712936 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review deals with the stages of creation, methods of calculation, and the use of a genetic risk score for coronary heart disease in various populations. The concept of risk factors is generally recognized on the basis of the results of epidemiological studies in the 20th century; according to this concept, the high prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system is due to lifestyle characteristics and associated risk factors. An important and relevant task for the healthcare system is to identify the population segments most susceptible to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The level of individual risk of an unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis is determined by genetic factors in addition to lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Semaev
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine—Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Bogatkova Str. 175/1, Novosibirsk 630089, Russia;
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena Shakhtshneider
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine—Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Bogatkova Str. 175/1, Novosibirsk 630089, Russia;
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel./Fax: +7-(383)-264-2516
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11
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Conditional and unconditional genome-wide association study reveal complicate genetic architecture of human body weight and impacts of smoking. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12136. [PMID: 32699216 PMCID: PMC7376032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To reveal the impacts of smoking on genetic architecture of human body weight, we conducted a genome-wide association study on 5,336 subjects in four ethnic populations from MESA (The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) data. A full genetic model was applied to association mapping for analyzing genetic effects of additive, dominance, epistasis, and their ethnicity-specific effects. Both the unconditional model (base) and conditional model including smoking as a cofactor were investigated. There were 10 SNPs involved in 96 significant genetic effects detected by the base model, which accounted for a high heritability (61.78%). Gene ontology analysis revealed that a number of genetic factors are related to the metabolic pathway of benzopyrene, a main compound in cigarettes. Smoking may play important roles in genetic effects of dominance, dominance-related epistasis, and gene-ethnicity interactions on human body weight. Gene effect prediction shows that the genetic effects of smoking cessation on body weight vary from different populations.
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12
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Dikilitas O, Schaid DJ, Kosel ML, Carroll RJ, Chute CG, Denny JA, Fedotov A, Feng Q, Hakonarson H, Jarvik GP, Lee MTM, Pacheco JA, Rowley R, Sleiman PM, Stein CM, Sturm AC, Wei WQ, Wiesner GL, Williams MS, Zhang Y, Manolio TA, Kullo IJ. Predictive Utility of Polygenic Risk Scores for Coronary Heart Disease in Three Major Racial and Ethnic Groups. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:707-716. [PMID: 32386537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Because polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for coronary heart disease (CHD) are derived from mainly European ancestry (EA) cohorts, their validity in African ancestry (AA) and Hispanic ethnicity (HE) individuals is unclear. We investigated associations of "restricted" and genome-wide PRSs with CHD in three major racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. The eMERGE cohort (mean age 48 ± 14 years, 58% female) included 45,645 EA, 7,597 AA, and 2,493 HE individuals. We assessed two restricted PRSs (PRSTikkanen and PRSTada; 28 and 50 variants, respectively) and two genome-wide PRSs (PRSmetaGRS and PRSLDPred; 1.7 M and 6.6 M variants, respectively) derived from EA cohorts. Over a median follow-up of 11.1 years, 2,652 incident CHD events occurred. Hazard and odds ratios for the association of PRSs with CHD were similar in EA and HE cohorts but lower in AA cohorts. Genome-wide PRSs were more strongly associated with CHD than restricted PRSs were. PRSmetaGRS, the best performing PRS, was associated with CHD in all three cohorts; hazard ratios (95% CI) per 1 SD increase were 1.53 (1.46-1.60), 1.53 (1.23-1.90), and 1.27 (1.13-1.43) for incident CHD in EA, HE, and AA individuals, respectively. The hazard ratios were comparable in the EA and HE cohorts (pinteraction = 0.77) but were significantly attenuated in AA individuals (pinteraction= 2.9 × 10-3). These results highlight the potential clinical utility of PRSs for CHD as well as the need to assemble diverse cohorts to generate ancestry- and ethnicity PRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Dikilitas
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthew L Kosel
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robert J Carroll
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Christopher G Chute
- Schools of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joshua A Denny
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Alex Fedotov
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Pacheco
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Robb Rowley
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patrick M Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - C Michael Stein
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | | | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Georgia L Wiesner
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | | | | | - Teri A Manolio
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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13
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Bhattacharya D, Bhattacharya S. Effects of gene–environment and gene–gene interactions in case-control studies: A novel Bayesian semiparametric approach. BRAZ J PROBAB STAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1214/18-bjps413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Lasek-Bal A, Kula D, Urbanek T, Puz P, Szymszal J, Jarzab M, Halczok M, Cyplinska R, Bal W, Łabuz-Roszak B, Cieślik A, Jasnos I, Jarzab B, Ziaja D. The Association of SNPs Located in the CDKN2B-AS1 and LPA Genes With Carotid Artery Stenosis and Atherogenic Stroke. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1170. [PMID: 31824394 PMCID: PMC6883000 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this project was to assess the prevalence of four selected SNPs rs4977574 and rs7857345 (CDKN2B-AS1 gene) and rs3798220 and rs10455872 polymorphisms (the LPA gene) in the subpopulation of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Material and Methods: This study included 623 individuals (244 patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, 176 patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and 203 healthy people. All the participants underwent neurological examination, duplex Doppler ultrasound examination and molecular procedures. Results: In the first part of the analysis the assiociation of SNPs with stroke/TIA was investigated. The association was seen in symptomatic vs. control group for two SNPs: rs4977574 and rs7857345 (CDKN2B-AS1 gene); genotype distributions for rs4977574 and rs7857345 showed the statistically significant differences between patients and controls (p = 0.043 and 0.017, respectively). No association was observed for rs3798220 and rs10455872 located in the LPA gene. There were statistically significant differences between asymptomatic patients vs. control group in genotype distribution for the SNPs located in CDKN2B-AS1: rs4977574 and rs7857345 (p = 0.031 and 0.0099, respectively); and for the rs3798220 (LPA gene; p = 0.003); however, statistically significant differences did not occur for the rs10455872 polymorphism located in the LPA gene. In the next part of the evaluation, a comparison between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients was performed. Significant differences in genotype distribution were seen only for the rs3798220 polymorphism located in the LPA gene (p = 0.0015). The analysis of the prevalence of the polymorphisms in the total group (symptomatic and asymptomatic) patients in comparison with the control group showed significant differences for three polymorphisms: rs4977574 and rs7857345 (CDKN2B-AS1 gene; p = 0.015 and 0.0046, respectively) and rs3798220 (LPA gene, p = 0.044). Conclusions: The present research on the carotid artery stenosis patient cohort suggests the significant association between the rs4977574, rs7857345 and rs3798220 polymorphisms and carotid artery stenosis as well as between the rs4977574 and rs7857345 polymorphisms and atherogenic stroke. The rs4977574 and rs7857345 polymorphisms in patients with carotid artery stenosis appear to affect a person's susceptibility to atherogenic brain ischemia. Our results need to be replicated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anetta Lasek-Bal
- Department of Neurology, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Kula
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie, Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Urbanek
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Przemysław Puz
- Department of Neurology, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Szymszal
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Occupational Safety Management in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Jarzab
- 3rd Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Halczok
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie, Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Renata Cyplinska
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie, Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Wiesław Bal
- Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Maria Skłodowska-Curie, Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Beata Łabuz-Roszak
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Cieślik
- Department of Neurology, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ilona Jasnos
- Department of Neurology, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Jarzab
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie, Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Damian Ziaja
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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15
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Plotnikov D, Shah RL, Rodrigues JN, Cumberland PM, Rahi JS, Hysi PG, Atan D, Williams C, Guggenheim JA. A commonly occurring genetic variant within the NPLOC4-TSPAN10-PDE6G gene cluster is associated with the risk of strabismus. Hum Genet 2019; 138:723-737. [PMID: 31073882 PMCID: PMC6611893 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Strabismus refers to an abnormal alignment of the eyes leading to the loss of central binocular vision. Concomitant strabismus occurs when the angle of deviation is constant in all positions of gaze and often manifests in early childhood when it is considered to be a neurodevelopmental disorder of the visual system. As such, it is inherited as a complex genetic trait, affecting 2-4% of the population. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) for self-reported strabismus (1345 cases and 65,349 controls from UK Biobank) revealed a single genome-wide significant locus on chromosome 17q25. Approximately 20 variants across the NPLOC4-TSPAN10-PDE6G gene cluster and in almost perfect linkage disequilibrium (LD) were most strongly associated (lead variant: rs75078292, OR = 1.26, p = 2.24E-08). A recessive model provided a better fit to the data than an additive model. Association with strabismus was independent of refractive error, and the degree of association with strabismus was minimally attenuated after adjustment for amblyopia. The association with strabismus was replicated in an independent cohort of clinician-diagnosed children aged 7 years old (116 cases and 5084 controls; OR = 1.85, p = 0.009). The associated variants included 2 strong candidate causal variants predicted to have functional effects: rs6420484, which substitutes tyrosine for a conserved cysteine (C177Y) in the TSPAN10 gene, and a 4-bp deletion variant, rs397693108, predicted to cause a frameshift in TSPAN10. The population-attributable risk for the locus was approximately 8.4%, indicating an important role in conferring susceptibility to strabismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Plotnikov
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Rupal L Shah
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Jamille N Rodrigues
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK
| | - Phillippa M Cumberland
- Life Course Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Jugnoo S Rahi
- Life Course Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pirro G Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Denize Atan
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK
| | - Cathy Williams
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK.
| | - Jeremy A Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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16
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The association between the chromosome 9p21 CDKN2B-AS1 gene variants and the lipid metabolism: A pre-diagnostic biomarker for coronary artery disease. Anatol J Cardiol 2019; 21:31-38. [PMID: 30587704 PMCID: PMC6382903 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2018.90907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Recent genome-wide association studies have established that polymorphisms within CDKN2B-AS1 of chr9p21.3 locus increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) or myocardial infarction. Common variants of CDKN2B-AS1 (including rs4977574 A>G and rs1333040 C>T) are determined to be directly associated with CADs in many populations worldwide and suggested biomarkers for the early detection of CAD. There is a lack of investigation for the association between CDKN2B-AS1 rs4977574 A>G and rs1333040 C>T genetic modifiers and CAD in a Turkish Cypriot population. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of these variants on susceptibility to developing CAD in a Turkish Cypriot population and their contribution to lipid metabolism. Methods: Seventy-one patients with angiography-confirmed CAD were recruited to the CAD group, whereas 153 voluntary subjects without CAD symptoms were enrolled to the control group. Genotyping for the CDKN2B-AS1 gene polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results: There is no statistical significant association observed between rs4977574 and rs1333040 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and two studied groups [odds ratio (OR): 0.763, p=0.185, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.511–1.139 and OR: 1.060, p=0.802, 95% CI 0.672–1.671, respectively]. However, rs2977574 G and rs1333040 T alleles–the risk alleles–were found to be associated with higher level of serum total cholesterol and lower level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in the CAD group (p=0.019, p=0.006 and p=0.022, p=0.031, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first study that establishes the effect of rs1333040 on lipid metabolism. Conclusion: The presence of rs4977574 G and rs1333040 T alleles and interaction may exist as environmental factors associated with lipid metabolism and might be responsible for the development of CAD in a Turkish Cypriot population.
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17
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Liu Y, Ma H, Zhu Q, Zhang B, Yan H, Li H, Meng J, Lai W, Li L, Yu D, Zhong S. A genome-wide association study on lipoprotein (a) levels and coronary artery disease severity in a Chinese population. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1440-1448. [PMID: 31186284 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p091009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which were mostly carried out in Caucasians, have identified many Lp(a)-associated SNPs. Here, we performed a GWAS on Lp(a) levels and further explored the relationships between Lp(a)-associated SNPs and CAD severity in 1,403 Han Chinese subjects. We observed that elevated Lp(a) levels were significantly associated with the increased synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXUS and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score and the counts of heavily calcified lesions and long-range lesions (LRLs; P < 0.05), which are defined as lesions spanning >20 mm. Moreover, we identified four independent SNPs, namely, rs7770628, rs73596816, and rs6926458 in LPA, and rs144217738 in SLC22A2, that were significantly associated with Lp(a) levels. We also found that rs7770628 was associated with high SYNTAX scores [odds ratio (OR) (95% CI): 1.37 (1.05-1.80), P = 0.0213, false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.0852], and that rs7770628 and rs73596816 were associated with high risk of harboring LRLs [OR (95% CI): 1.53 (1.17-2.01), P = 0.0018, FDR = 0.0072 and 1.72 (1.19-2.49), P = 0.0040, FDR = 0.0080, respectively]. Our study was a large-scale GWAS to identify Lp(a)-associated variants in the Han Chinese population. Our findings highlight the importance and potential of Lp(a) intervention and expand our understanding of CAD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Liu
- Guangdong General Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hongkun Ma
- Guangdong General Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Guangdong General Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hanping Li
- Guangdong General Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jinxiu Meng
- Guangdong General Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Weihua Lai
- Department of Pharmacy of Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Liwen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Danqing Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shilong Zhong
- Guangdong General Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.,Department of Pharmacy of Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With improved next-generation sequencing technology, open-access genetic databases and increased awareness of complex trait genetics, we are entering a new era of risk assessment in which genetic-based risk scores (GRSs) will play a clinical role. We review the concepts underlying polygenic models of disease susceptibility and challenges in clinical implementation. RECENT FINDINGS Polygenic risk scores are currently used in genetic research on dyslipidemias and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the underlying principles for constructing polygenic scores for lipids are established, the lack of consensus on which score to use is indicated by the large number - about 50 - that have been published. Recently, large-scale polygenic scores for CVD appear to afford superior risk prediction compared to small-scale scores. Despite the potential benefits of GRSs, certain biases towards ethnicity and sex need to be worked through. SUMMARY We are on the verge of clinical application of GRSs to provide incremental information on dyslipidemia and CVD risk above and beyond traditional clinical variables. Additional work is required to develop a consensus of how such scores will be constructed and measured in a validated manner, as well as clinical indications for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Dron
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Bhattacharya D, Bhattacharya S. A Bayesian semiparametric approach to learning about gene–gene interactions in case-control studies. J Appl Stat 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2018.1444741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Durba Bhattacharya
- St. Xavier's College, Kolkata, India
- Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sourabh Bhattacharya
- Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
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20
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Benes LB, Brandt DJ, Brandt EJ, Davidson MH. How Genomics Is Personalizing the Management of Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Curr Cardiol Rep 2018; 20:138. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-018-1079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Inouye M, Abraham G, Nelson CP, Wood AM, Sweeting MJ, Dudbridge F, Lai FY, Kaptoge S, Brozynska M, Wang T, Ye S, Webb TR, Rutter MK, Tzoulaki I, Patel RS, Loos RJF, Keavney B, Hemingway H, Thompson J, Watkins H, Deloukas P, Di Angelantonio E, Butterworth AS, Danesh J, Samani NJ. Genomic Risk Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease in 480,000 Adults: Implications for Primary Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:1883-1893. [PMID: 30309464 PMCID: PMC6176870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) has substantial heritability and a polygenic architecture. However, the potential of genomic risk scores to help predict CAD outcomes has not been evaluated comprehensively, because available studies have involved limited genomic scope and limited sample sizes. OBJECTIVES This study sought to construct a genomic risk score for CAD and to estimate its potential as a screening tool for primary prevention. METHODS Using a meta-analytic approach to combine large-scale, genome-wide, and targeted genetic association data, we developed a new genomic risk score for CAD (metaGRS) consisting of 1.7 million genetic variants. We externally tested metaGRS, both by itself and in combination with available data on conventional risk factors, in 22,242 CAD cases and 460,387 noncases from the UK Biobank. RESULTS The hazard ratio (HR) for CAD was 1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68 to 1.73) per SD increase in metaGRS, an association larger than any other externally tested genetic risk score previously published. The metaGRS stratified individuals into significantly different life course trajectories of CAD risk, with those in the top 20% of metaGRS distribution having an HR of 4.17 (95% CI: 3.97 to 4.38) compared with those in the bottom 20%. The corresponding HR was 2.83 (95% CI: 2.61 to 3.07) among individuals on lipid-lowering or antihypertensive medications. The metaGRS had a higher C-index (C = 0.623; 95% CI: 0.615 to 0.631) for incident CAD than any of 6 conventional factors (smoking, diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, self-reported high cholesterol, and family history). For men in the top 20% of metaGRS with >2 conventional factors, 10% cumulative risk of CAD was reached by 48 years of age. CONCLUSIONS The genomic score developed and evaluated here substantially advances the concept of using genomic information to stratify individuals with different trajectories of CAD risk and highlights the potential for genomic screening in early life to complement conventional risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and Cambridge, United Kingdom; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Pathology and School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Gad Abraham
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and Cambridge, United Kingdom; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Pathology and School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M Wood
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Sweeting
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Y Lai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Kaptoge
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Brozynska
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and Cambridge, United Kingdom; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tingting Wang
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and Cambridge, United Kingdom; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shu Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R Webb
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Riyaz S Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Hemingway
- The Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and the National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Thompson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Danesh
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
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22
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Kunnas T, Piesanen J, Nikkari ST. Association of a Chromosome Locus 9p21.3 CDKN2B-AS1 Variant rs4977574 with Hypertension: The TAMRISK Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:327-330. [PMID: 29791233 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chromosome locus 9p21.3 CDKN2B antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2B-AS1) has been found to contain multiple genetic markers for coronary artery disease (CAD) by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Of these, the association of variants rs4977574, rs10757274, and rs2383206 with hypertension was studied in the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study (TAMRISK). MATERIALS AND METHODS A Finnish cohort of 336 subjects diagnosed with hypertension and 444 controls was analyzed. Samples were genotyped for the CDKN2B-AS1 polymorphisms using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) or TaqMan techniques. RESULTS Individuals with the minor genotype GG of rs4977574 had less hypertension compared to the other genotypes (p = 0.048, OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.01-2.48). The variants rs2383206 and rs10757274 were not associated with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the GG genotype of the CDKN2B-AS1 gene variant rs4977574, which has been previously associated with an increased CAD risk, is also associated with a decreased susceptibility to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Kunnas
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere , Tampere, Finland .,2 Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaakko Piesanen
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere , Tampere, Finland .,2 Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo T Nikkari
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere , Tampere, Finland .,2 Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere, Finland
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23
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Qin J, Tian J, Liu G, Zhang Y, Tian L, Zhen Y, Zhang H, Xu J, Sun X, Fang H. Association between 1p13 polymorphisms and peripheral arterial disease in a Chinese population with diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 9:1189-1195. [PMID: 29356453 PMCID: PMC6123029 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Variants on chromosome 1p13 have been associated with coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction risk in different ethnic groups. The present study aimed to investigate the association between 1p13 polymorphisms and the development of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in a Chinese population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1p13 polymorphisms, rs599839, rs646776 and rs12740374, were assessed in a cohort of 882 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients including 440 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with PAD (DM + PAD group) and 442 patients without PAD (DM group). Genotyping was carried out using TaqMan assay. RESULTS Compared with the DM group, the frequencies of the minor G allele of both rs599839 and rs646776 and the minor T allele of rs12740374 decreased (P = 0.013, P = 0.019 and P = 0.005, respectively), and the frequencies of rs599839 AG + GG, rs646776 AG + GG and rs12740374 CT+TT genotypes were statistically significantly decreased as well (P = 0.017, P = 0.011 and P = 0.007, respectively) in the dominant model in the DM + PAD group than in the DM group. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, hypertension, diabetes duration, coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction showed that the genotypic distribution of rs599839 AG + GG, rs646776 AG + GG and rs12740374 CT + TT remained statistically different between the DM and DM + PAD group (P = 0.014, P = 0.003 and P = 0.004, respectively). The frequencies of haplotype GGT were statistically significantly different between groups (P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS The present study strongly supports that genotypes of rs599839, rs646776 and rs12740374 on 1p13 are protective factors for diabetic PAD in a Chinese population. Haplotype GGT generated by rs599839, rs646776 and rs12740374 might also decrease the risk of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyuan Qin
- Department of Internal MedicineHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
| | - Jinli Tian
- Second Department of EndocrinologyTangshan Gongren HospitalTangshanHebeiChina
| | - Guanhua Liu
- Department of OrthopedicsTangshan Gongren HospitalTangshanHebeiChina
| | - Yazhong Zhang
- Second Department of EndocrinologyTangshan Gongren HospitalTangshanHebeiChina
| | - Luobing Tian
- Second Department of EndocrinologyTangshan Gongren HospitalTangshanHebeiChina
| | - Yanfeng Zhen
- Second Department of EndocrinologyTangshan Gongren HospitalTangshanHebeiChina
| | - Hewei Zhang
- Second Department of EndocrinologyTangshan Gongren HospitalTangshanHebeiChina
| | - Jing Xu
- Second Department of EndocrinologyTangshan Gongren HospitalTangshanHebeiChina
| | - Xueling Sun
- Second Department of EndocrinologyTangshan Gongren HospitalTangshanHebeiChina
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Internal MedicineHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina
- Second Department of EndocrinologyTangshan Gongren HospitalTangshanHebeiChina
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24
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Fujii R, Hishida A, Nakatochi M, Furusyo N, Murata M, Tanaka K, Shimanoe C, Suzuki S, Watanabe M, Kuriyama N, Koyama T, Takezaki T, Shimoshikiryo I, Arisawa K, Katsuura-Kamano S, Takashima N, Turin TC, Kuriki K, Endoh K, Mikami H, Nakamura Y, Oze I, Ito H, Kubo M, Momozawa Y, Kondo T, Naito M, Wakai K. Association of genetic risk score and chronic kidney disease in a Japanese population. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 24:670-673. [PMID: 30146708 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem worldwide including Japan. Recent genome-wide association studies have discovered CKD susceptibility variants. We developed a genetic risk score (GRS) based on CKD-associated variants and assessed a possibility that the GRS can improve the discrimination capability for the prevalence of CKD in a Japanese population. The present study consists of 11 283 participants randomly selected from 12 Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study sites. Individual GRS was constructed combining 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified in a Japanese population. Participants with eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 was defined as case (stage 3 CKD or higher) in this study. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between the GRS and CKD risk with adjustment for sex, age, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The frequency of individuals with CKD was 8.3%, which was relatively low compared with those previously reported in a Japanese population. The odds ratio of having CKD was 1.120 (95% confidence interval: 1.042-1.203) per 10 GRS increment in the fully adjusted model (P = 0.002). The C-statistic was significantly increased in the model with the GRS, comparing with the model without the GRS (0.720 vs 0.719, Pdifference = 0.008). Increment of the GRS was associated with increased risk of CKD. Additionally, the GRS significantly improved the discriminatory ability of CKD prevalence in a Japanese population; however, the improvement of discriminatory ability brought about by the GRS seemed to be small compared with that of non-genetic CKD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihiro Furusyo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Murata
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Chisato Shimanoe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nagato Kuriyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruhide Koyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takezaki
- Department of International, Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ippei Shimoshikiryo
- Department of International, Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tanvir C Turin
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kuriki
- Laboratory of Public Health School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kaori Endoh
- Laboratory of Public Health School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Haruo Mikami
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohko Nakamura
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kondo
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mariko Naito
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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25
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Genome-Wide Association Studies of Coronary Artery Disease: Recent Progress and Challenges Ahead. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2018; 20:47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-018-0748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Xi D, Zhao J, Guo K, Hu L, Chen H, Fu W, Lai W, Guo Z. Serum amyloid P component therapeutically attenuates atherosclerosis in mice via its effects on macrophages. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:3214-3223. [PMID: 29930724 PMCID: PMC6010983 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A hallmark of atherosclerosis is the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells. Serum amyloid P component (SAP), a member of the pentraxin family of proteins, is known to affect macrophage activation. However, the role of SAP in atherosclerosis is still unclear. Methods: Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet were given intraperitoneal injections of SAP (6 mg/kg) every other day for a total of 2 weeks to characterize atherosclerosis development. Results: We showed that intraperitoneal injection of SAP attenuated atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- mice. Immunostaining of aortic roots indicated that SAP was up-taken by the lesion area. In SAP-treated mice, serum paraoxonase1 (PON1) activity was increased whereas high-density lipoprotein inflammatory index (HII) was reduced. The cholesterol efflux rate in macrophages was elevated along with the expression of cholesterol efflux proteins. Through bioinformatics analysis followed by experimental validation, we found that proline/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 1 (Psrc1) was an important downstream effector of SAP in macrophages. Conclusions: Our findings reveal an anti-atherosclerotic role of SAP and extend the current knowledge regarding this molecule as a marker for atherosclerosis.
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27
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Iribarren C, Lu M, Jorgenson E, Martínez M, Lluis-Ganella C, Subirana I, Salas E, Elosua R. Weighted Multi-marker Genetic Risk Scores for Incident Coronary Heart Disease among Individuals of African, Latino and East-Asian Ancestry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6853. [PMID: 29717161 PMCID: PMC5931622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the clinical utility of two multi-locus genetic risk scores (GRSs) previously validated in Europeans among persons of African (AFR; n = 2,089), Latino (LAT; n = 4,349) and East-Asian (EA; n = 4,804) ancestry. We used data from the GERA cohort (30-79 years old, 68 to 73% female). We utilized two GRSs with 12 and 51 SNPs, respectively, and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) to estimate 10-year CHD risk. After a median 8.7 years of follow-up, 450 incident CHD events were documented (95 in AFR, 316 in LAT and 39 EA, respectively). In a model adjusting for principal components and risk factors, tertile 3 vs. tertile 1 of GRS_12 was associated with 1.86 (95% CI, 1.15-3.01), 1.52 (95% CI, 1.02-2.25) and 1.19 (95% CI, 0.77-1.83) increased hazard of CHD in AFR, LAT and EA, respectively. Inclusion of the GRSs in models containing the FRS did not increase the C-statistic but resulted in net overall reclassification of 10% of AFR, 7% LAT and EA and in reclassification of 13% of AFR and EA as well as 10% LAT in the intermediate FRS risk subset. Our results support the usefulness of incorporating genetic information into risk assessment for primary prevention among minority subjects in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Iribarren
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Meng Lu
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Isaac Subirana
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Andersson CH, Hansson O, Minthon L, Andreasen N, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Skoog I, Wallin A, Nilsson S, Kettunen P. A Genetic Variant of the Sortilin 1 Gene is Associated with Reduced Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:1353-63. [PMID: 27392867 PMCID: PMC5147507 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder represented by the accumulation of intracellular tau protein and extracellular deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. The gene sortilin 1 (SORT1) has previously been associated with cardiovascular disease in gene association studies. It has also been proposed to be involved in AD pathogenesis through facilitating Aβ clearance by binding apoE/Aβ complexes prior to cellular uptake. However, the neuropathological role of SORT1 in AD is not fully understood. To evaluate the associations between gene variants of SORT1 and risk of AD, we performed genetic analyses in a Swedish case-control cohort. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), covering the whole SORT1 gene, were selected and genotyped in 620 AD patients and 1107 controls. The SNP rs17646665, located in a non-coding region of the SORT1 gene, remained significantly associated with decreased risk of AD after multiple testing (pc = 0.0061). In addition, other SNPs were found to be nominally associated with risk of AD, as well as altered cognitive function and the CSF biomarker Aβ42, but these associations did not survive correction for multiple testing. The fact that SORT1 has been strongly associated with risk of cardiovascular disease is intriguing as cardiovascular disease is also regarded as a risk factor for AD. Finally, increased knowledge about SORT1 function has a potential to increase our understanding of APOE, the strongest risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Henrik Andersson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lennart Minthon
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Niels Andreasen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Wallin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neuropathology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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29
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Akinyemi R, Tiwari HK, Arnett DK, Ovbiagele B, Irvin MR, Wahab K, Sarfo F, Srinivasasainagendra V, Adeoye A, Perry RT, Akpalu A, Jenkins C, Arulogun O, Gebregziabher M, Owolabi L, Obiako R, Sanya E, Komolafe M, Fawale M, Adebayo P, Osaigbovo G, Sunmonu T, Olowoyo P, Chukwuonye I, Obiabo Y, Onoja A, Akinyemi J, Ogbole G, Melikam S, Saulson R, Owolabi M. APOL1, CDKN2A/CDKN2B, and HDAC9 polymorphisms and small vessel ischemic stroke. Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 137:133-141. [PMID: 28975602 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Worldwide, the highest frequencies of APOL1-associated kidney variants are found in indigenous West Africans among whom small vessel disease (SVD) ischemic stroke is the most common stroke phenotype. The objective of this study was to investigate the association and effect sizes of 23 selected SNPs in 14 genes of relevance, including the APOL1 G1 variants, with the occurrence of SVD ischemic stroke among indigenous West African participants in the Stroke Investigative Research and Education Network (SIREN) Study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cases were consecutively recruited consenting adults (aged 18 years or older) with neuroimaging-confirmed first clinical stroke. Stroke-free controls were ascertained using a locally validated version of the Questionnaire for Verifying Stroke-Free Status (QVSFS). Logistic regression models adjusting for known vascular risk factors were fitted to assess the associations of the 23 SNPs in rigorously phenotyped cases (N = 154) of SVD ischemic stroke and stroke-free (N = 483) controls. RESULTS Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) rs73885319 (OR = 1.52; CI: 1.09-2.13, P-value = .013), rs2383207 in CDKN2A/CDKN2B (OR = 3.08; CI: 1.15-8.26, P -value = .026) and rs2107595 (OR = 1.70; CI: 1.12-2.60, P-value = .014) and rs28688791 (OR = 1.52; CI: 1.03-2.26, P-value = .036) in HDAC9 gene were associated with SVD stroke at 0.05 significance level. Polymorphisms in other genes did not show significant associations. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a specific association of APOL1 with a stroke subtype. Further research is needed to confirm these initial findings and deepen understanding of the genetics of stroke in people of African ancestry with possible implications for other ancestries as all humans originated from Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Akinyemi
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
- Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - H. K. Tiwari
- University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | | | - B. Ovbiagele
- Medical University of South Carolina; South Carolina SC USA
| | - M. R. Irvin
- University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - K. Wahab
- University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital; Ilorin Nigeria
| | - F. Sarfo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Kumasi Ghana
| | | | - A. Adeoye
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - R. T. Perry
- University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - A. Akpalu
- University of Ghana Medical School; Accra Ghana
| | - C. Jenkins
- Medical University of South Carolina; South Carolina SC USA
| | - O. Arulogun
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | | | - L. Owolabi
- Aminu Kano University Teaching Hospital; Kano Nigeria
| | - R. Obiako
- Ahmadu Bello University; Zaria Nigeria
| | - E. Sanya
- University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital; Ilorin Nigeria
| | | | - M. Fawale
- Obafemi Awolowo University; Ile-Ife Nigeria
| | - P. Adebayo
- Ladoke Akintola University of Technology; Ogbomosho Nigeria
| | | | | | - P. Olowoyo
- Federal University Teaching Hospital; Ido-Ekiti Nigeria
| | | | - Y. Obiabo
- Delta State University Teaching Hospital; Oghara Nigeria
| | - A. Onoja
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - J. Akinyemi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - G. Ogbole
- Department of Radiology; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - S. Melikam
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
| | - R. Saulson
- Medical University of South Carolina; South Carolina SC USA
| | - M. Owolabi
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Nigeria
- WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center; Ibadan Nigeria
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Genome-Wide Association Studies and Risk Scores for Coronary Artery Disease: Sex Biases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1065:627-642. [PMID: 30051411 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic sex differences in coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors have been apparent for many decades in basic and clinical research; however, whether these are also present at the gene level and thus influence genome-wide association and genetic risk prediction studies has often been ignored. From fundamental and medical standpoints, this is critically important to assess in order to fully understand the underlying genetic architecture that predisposes to CAD and better predict disease outcomes based on the interaction between genes, sex effects, and environment. In this chapter we aimed to (1) integrate the history and latest research from genome-wide association studies for CAD and clinical and genetic risk scores for prediction of CAD, (2) highlight sex-specific differences in these areas of research, and (3) discuss reasons why sex differences have often not been considered and, where present, why sex differences exist at genetic and phenotypic levels and how important they are for consideration in future research. While we find interesting examples of sex differences in effects of genetic variants on CAD, genome-wide association and genetic risk studies have typically not tested for sex-specific effects despite mounting evidence from diverse fields that these are likely very important to consider at both the genetic and phenotypic levels. In-depth testing for sex effects in large-scale genome-wide association studies that include autosomal and often excluded sex chromosomes alongside parallel improvements in resolution of sex-specific differences for risk factors and disease outcomes for CAD has the potential to substantially improve clinical and genetic risk prediction studies. Developing sex-tailored genetic risk scores as has been done recently for other disorders might be also warranted for CAD. In the era of precision medicine, this level of accuracy is essential for such a common and costly disease.
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Trafficking in Alzheimer's Disease: Modulation of APP Transport and Processing by the Transmembrane Proteins LRP1, SorLA, SorCS1c, Sortilin, and Calsyntenin. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5809-5829. [PMID: 29079999 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP), one key player in Alzheimer's disease (AD), is extensively processed by different proteases. This leads to the generation of diverging fragments including the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, which accumulates in brains of AD patients. Subcellular trafficking of APP is an important aspect for its proteolytic conversion, since the various secretases which cleave APP are located in different cellular compartments. As a consequence, altered subcellular targeting of APP is thought to directly affect the degree to which Aβ is generated. The mechanisms underlying intracellular APP transport are critical to understand AD pathogenesis and can serve as a target for future pharmacological interventions. In the recent years, a number of APP interacting proteins were identified which are implicated in sorting of APP, thereby influencing APP processing at different angles of the secretory or endocytic pathway. This review provides an update on the proteolytic processing of APP and the interplay of the transmembrane proteins low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, sortilin-receptor with A-type repeats, SorCS1c, sortilin, and calsyntenin. We discuss the specific interactions with APP, the capacity to modulate the intracellular itinerary and the proteolytic conversion of APP, a possible involvement in the clearance of Aβ, and the implications of these transmembrane proteins in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Genética de la cardiopatía isquémica: del conocimiento actual a las implicaciones clínicas. Rev Esp Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Kim KN, Lee MR, Lim YH, Hong YC. Blood lead levels, iron metabolism gene polymorphisms and homocysteine: a gene-environment interaction study. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:899-904. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Elosua R, Sayols-Baixeras S. The Genetics of Ischemic Heart Disease: From Current Knowledge to Clinical Implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMID: 28623161 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease continues to cause high morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence is expected to increase due to population aging, and its prevention is a major goal of health policies. The risk of developing ischemic heart disease is related to a complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In the last decade, considerable progress has been made in knowledge of the genetic architecture of this disease. This narrative review provides an overview of current knowledge of the genetics of ischemic heart disease and of its translation to clinical practice: identification of new therapeutic targets, assessment of the causal relationship between biomarkers and disease, improved risk prediction, and identification of responders and nonresponders to specific drugs (pharmacogenomics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Elosua
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sergi Sayols-Baixeras
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Pope JE, Weisman MH, Sjöwall C. Editorial: The Effect of Ethnicity on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Is Perhaps Not a Paradox. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1707-1709. [PMID: 28598003 DOI: 10.1002/art.40173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Pope
- University of Western Ontario, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
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Chen M, Jiang YF, Zhang NN, Yang HJ, Xu LB, Rui Q, Sun SJ, Yao JL, Zhou YF. Association between chemokine CXC ligand 12 gene polymorphism (rs1746048) and coronary heart disease: A MOOSE-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7179. [PMID: 28614256 PMCID: PMC5478341 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently a large number of investigations have implicated the association between the chemokine CXC ligand 12 gene polymorphism (rs1746048) and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the results remain debatable. The aim of our study was to provide more compelling evidence for the relationship between rs1746048 and CHD risk. Studies eligible for this meta-analysis were identified through electronic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and CNKI. Two authors performed independent literature review and study quality assessment by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale checklist. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled in a specific genetic model to assess the association. The meta-analysis of 48,852 patients and 64,386 controls from 12 studies showed that patients with rs1746048 had 1.11 times of high risk in developing CHD (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.09-1.14; P < .005; I = 35.8%). The increased risk of CHD was also found in both Asian (OR = 1.07; 95%CI = 1.02-1.12; P < .005; I = 40.6%) and Caucasian populations (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.10-1.18; P < .005; I = 22.2%). The results of our meta-analysis suggested that chemokine CXC ligand 12 gene polymorphism (rs1746048) may be linked with susceptibility to CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Yu-Feng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Nan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Hua-Jia Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Lang-Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Qing Rui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Si-Jia Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Jia-Lu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ya-Feng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
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Yu Z, Huang T, Zheng Y, Wang T, Heianza Y, Sun D, Campos H, Qi L. PCSK9 variant, long-chain n-3 PUFAs, and risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction in Costa Rican Hispanics. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:1198-1203. [PMID: 28330911 PMCID: PMC5402034 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.148106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have indicated that the cardioprotective effects of long-chain (LC) n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may vary across various ethnic populations. Emerging evidence has suggested that the gene-environment interaction may partly explain such variations. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) was shown to have a mutually regulating relation with LC n-3 PUFAs and also to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Therefore, we hypothesized that certain PCSK9 genetic variants may modify the association between LC n-3 PUFA intake and CVD risk.Objective: We determined whether a PCSK9 variant (rs11206510), which has been identified for early onset myocardial infarction (MI), modified the association of LC n-3 PUFAs with nonfatal MI risk in Costa Rican Hispanics.Design: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1932 case subjects with a first nonfatal MI and 2055 population-based control subjects who were living in Costa Rica to examine potential gene-environment interactions. Two-sided P values <0.05 were considered significant.Results: We observed a significant interaction between the PCSK9 rs11206510 genotype and LC n-3 PUFA intake on nonfatal MI risk (P-interaction = 0.012). The OR of nonfatal MI was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.98) per 0.1% increase in total energy intake from LC n-3 PUFAs in protective-allele (C-allele) carriers, whereas the corresponding OR (95% CI) in non-C-allele carriers was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.10). Similar results were observed when we examined the association between docosahexaenoic acid, which is one type of LC n-3 PUFA, and nonfatal MI risk (P-interaction = 0.003).Conclusion: LC n-3 PUFA intake is associated with a lower risk of nonfatal MI in C-allele carriers of PCSK9 rs11206510 (n = 799) but not in non-C-allele carriers (n = 3188).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tao Huang
- Epidemiology Domain, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, and,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and .,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
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Paquette M, Chong M, Thériault S, Dufour R, Paré G, Baass A. Polygenic risk score predicts prevalence of cardiovascular disease in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:725-732.e5. [PMID: 28456682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a severe monogenic disease, it has been shown that clinical risk factors and common genetic variants can modify cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the polygenic contribution to lipid traits and CVD in FH using genetic risk scores (GRSs). METHODS Among the 20,434 subjects attending the lipid clinic, we identified and included 725 individuals who carried an FH causing mutation in this retrospective cohort study. We evaluated the association of GRSs for several traits including coronary artery disease (CAD; GRSCAD) as well as plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; GRSLDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (GRSHDL-C) and triglycerides (GRSTG). RESULTS A total of 32% (n = 231) of FH subjects presented a CVD event before their first visit. Patients in the highest GRSLDL-C tertile presented an LDL-C 0.4 mmol/L (15.5 mg/dL) higher than the subjects in the lowest tertile (P = .01). The GRSCAD was strongly associated with CVD events (odds ratio 1.80; 95% confidence interval 1.14-2.85; P = .01) even after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Compared with subjects in the first tertile, those in the third GRSCAD tertile had a significantly higher prevalence of events (40.9% vs 24.7%, P < .0001) and a significantly higher number of events (average 0.97 vs 0.57 [P = .0001] events per individual). CONCLUSION These results indicate that even in the context of a severe monogenic disease such as FH, common genetic variants can significantly modify the disease phenotype. The use of the 192-SNPs GRSCAD may refine CVD risk prediction in FH patients and this could lead to a more personalized approach to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Paquette
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Atherosclerosis Clinic, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael Chong
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton General Hospital, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Dufour
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Atherosclerosis Clinic, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton General Hospital, Ontario, Canada; Population Genomics Program, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; The Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexis Baass
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Atherosclerosis Clinic, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Québec, Canada; Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Québec, Canada.
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Arbiol-Roca A, Padró-Miquel A, Hueso M, Navarro E, Alía-Ramos P, González-Álvarez MT, Rama I, Torras J, Grinyó JM, Cruzado JM, Lloberas N. Association of ANRIL gene polymorphisms with major adverse cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 466:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gonzales TK, Yonker JA, Chang V, Roan CL, Herd P, Atwood CS. Myocardial infarction in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study: the interaction among environmental, health, social, behavioural and genetic factors. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e011529. [PMID: 28115328 PMCID: PMC5278299 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined how environmental, health, social, behavioural and genetic factors interact to contribute to myocardial infarction (MI) risk. DESIGN Survey data collected by Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), USA, from 1957 to 2011, including 235 environmental, health, social and behavioural factors, and 77 single- nucleotide polymorphisms were analysed for association with MI. To identify associations with MI we utilized recursive partitioning and random forest prior to logistic regression and chi-squared analyses. PARTICIPANTS 6198 WLS participants (2938 men; 3260 women) who (1) had a MI before 72 years and (2) had a MI between 65 and 72 years. RESULTS In men, stroke (LR OR: 5.01, 95% CI 3.36 to 7.48), high cholesterol (3.29, 2.59 to 4.18), diabetes (3.24, 2.53 to 4.15) and high blood pressure (2.39, 1.92 to 2.96) were significantly associated with MI up to 72 years of age. For those with high cholesterol, the interaction of smoking and lower alcohol consumption increased prevalence from 23% to 41%, with exposure to dangerous working conditions, a factor not previously linked with MI, further increasing prevalence to 50%. Conversely, MI was reported in <2.5% of men with normal cholesterol and no history of diabetes or depression. Only stroke (4.08, 2.17 to 7.65) and diabetes (2.71, 1.81 to 4.04) by 65 remained significantly associated with MI for men after age 65. For women, diabetes (5.62, 4.08 to 7.75), high blood pressure (3.21, 2.34 to 4.39), high cholesterol (2.03, 1.38 to 3.00) and dissatisfaction with their financial situation (4.00, 1.94 to 8.27) were significantly associated with MI up to 72 years of age. Conversely, often engaging in physical activity alone (0.53, 0.32 to 0.89) or with others (0.34, 0.21 to 0.57) was associated with the largest reduction in odds of MI. Being non-diabetic with normal blood pressure and engaging in physical activity often lowered prevalence of MI to 0.2%. Only diabetes by 65 (4.25, 2.50 to 7.24) and being exposed to dangerous work conditions at 54 (2.24, 1.36 to 3.69) remained significantly associated with MI for women after age 65, while still menstruating at 54 (0.46, 0.23 to 0.91) was associated with reduced odds of MI. CONCLUSIONS Together these results indicate important differences in factors associated with MI between the sexes, that combinations of factors greatly influence the likelihood of MI, that MI-associated factors change and associations weaken after 65 years of age in both sexes, and that the limited genotypes assessed were secondary to environmental, health, social and behavioral factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina K Gonzales
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - James A Yonker
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vicky Chang
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Carol L Roan
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Pamela Herd
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- La Follete School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Craig S Atwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Shahid SU, Shabana, Cooper JA, Beaney KE, Li K, Rehman A, Humphries SE. Genetic risk analysis of coronary artery disease in Pakistani subjects using a genetic risk score of 21 variants. Atherosclerosis 2017; 258:1-7. [PMID: 28167353 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Conventional coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors like age, gender, blood lipids, hypertension and smoking have been the basis of CAD risk prediction algorithms, but provide only modest discrimination. Genetic risk score (GRS) may provide improved discrimination over and above conventional risk factors. Here we analyzed the genetic risk of CAD in subjects from Pakistan, using a GRS of 21 variants in 18 genes and examined whether the GRS is associated with blood lipid levels. METHODS 625 (405 cases and 220 controls) subjects were genotyped for variants, NOS3 rs1799983, SMAD3 rs17228212, APOB rs1042031, LPA rs3798220, LPA rs10455872, SORT1 rs646776, APOE rs429358, GLUL rs10911021, FTO rs9939609, MIA3 rs17465637, CDKN2Ars10757274, DAB2IP rs7025486, CXCL12 rs1746048, ACE rs4341, APOA5 rs662799, CETP rs708272, MRAS rs9818870, LPL rs328, LPL rs1801177, PCSK9 rs11591147 and APOE rs7412 by TaqMan and KASPar allele discrimination techniques. RESULTS Individually, the single SNPs were not associated with CAD except APOB rs1042031 and FTO rs993969 (p = 0.01 and 0.009 respectively). However, the combined GRS of 21 SNPs was significantly higher in cases than controls (19.37 ± 2.56 vs. 18.47 ± 2.45, p = 2.9 × 10-5), and compared to the bottom quintile, CAD risk in the top quintile of the GRS was 2.96 (95% CI 1.71-5.13). Atherogenic blood lipids showed significant positive association with GRS. CONCLUSIONS The GRS was quantitatively associated with CAD risk and showed association with blood lipid levels, suggesting that the mechanism of these variants is likely to be, in part at least, through creating an atherogenic lipid profile in subjects carrying high numbers of risk alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ullah Shahid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Shabana
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Jackie A Cooper
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, University College London, London, WC1E6JF, UK
| | - Katherine E Beaney
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, University College London, London, WC1E6JF, UK
| | - Kawah Li
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, University College London, London, WC1E6JF, UK
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, University College London, London, WC1E6JF, UK
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Ma J, Yang Q, Hwang SJ, Fox CS, Chu AY. Genetic risk score and risk of stage 3 chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:32. [PMID: 28103844 PMCID: PMC5248454 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed a genetic risk score (GRS) and examined whether the GRS may predict incident stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) independent of common clinical risk factors. METHOD The present study included 2,698 individuals who attended the 15th (1977 to 1979) and the 24th exams (1995 to 1998) in the Framingham Original cohort or the 6th (1995 to 1998) and the 8th exams (2005 to 2008) in the Framingham Offspring cohort. A weighted GRS was constructed combining 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with lower creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Stage 3 CKD was defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and incident cases were identified at follow-up after excluding prevalent cases at baseline. RESULTS A total of 292 incident cases and 2,406 non-cases were identified over, on average, 11 years of follow-up. After adjustment for sex, age, cohort, baseline eGFR, hypertension, diabetes, and dipstick proteinuria, the odds ratio of incident stage 3 CKD was 1.37 (95%CI: 1.02-1.83) per 10 alleles of the GRS (P = 0.04). There was no statistically significant difference between the C-statistic without and with inclusion of the GRS (0.783 and 0.785, respectively; P = 0.39). CONCLUSIONS A GRS developed based on 53 SNPs associated with reduced eGFR was prospectively associated with incident stage 3 CKD. However, this score did not substantially improve discrimination of stage 3 CKD beyond the common clinical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Ma
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline S Fox
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Audrey Y Chu
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Zhang J, Liu Z, Umukoro PE, Cavallari JM, Fang SC, Weisskopf MG, Lin X, Mittleman MA, Christiani DC. An epigenome-wide association analysis of cardiac autonomic responses among a population of welders. Epigenetics 2017; 12:71-76. [PMID: 28075199 PMCID: PMC5330442 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1270486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the potential epigenetic mechanisms associated with various adverse cardiovascular effects; however, its association with cardiac autonomic dysfunction, in particular, is unknown. In the current study, we aimed to identify epigenetic variants associated with alterations in cardiac autonomic responses. Cardiac autonomic responses were measured with two novel markers: acceleration capacity (AC) and deceleration capacity (DC). We examined DNA methylation levels at more than 472,506 CpG probes through the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip assay. We conducted separate linear mixed models to examine associations of DNA methylation levels at each CpG with AC and DC. One CpG (cg26829071) located in the GPR133 gene was negatively associated with DC values after multiple testing corrections through false discovery rate. Our study suggests the potential functional importance of methylation in cardiac autonomic responses. Findings from the current study need to be replicated in future studies in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhang
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- b Department of Biostatistics , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Peter E Umukoro
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jennifer M Cavallari
- c Department of Community Medicine and Health Care , University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington , CT , USA
| | - Shona C Fang
- d Department of Epidemiology , New England Research Institute , Watertown , NY , USA
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA.,e Department of Epidemiology , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- b Department of Biostatistics , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- e Department of Epidemiology , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA.,f Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical, Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - David C Christiani
- a Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA.,e Department of Epidemiology , Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA.,g Pulmonary and Critical Care Division , Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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Sotos-Prieto M, Baylin A, Campos H, Qi L, Mattei J. Lifestyle Cardiovascular Risk Score, Genetic Risk Score, and Myocardial Infarction in Hispanic/Latino Adults Living in Costa Rica. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e004067. [PMID: 27998913 PMCID: PMC5210435 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lifestyle cardiovascular risk score (LCRS) and a genetic risk score (GRS) have been independently associated with myocardial infarction (MI) in Hispanics/Latinos. Interaction or joint association between these scores has not been examined. Thus, our aim was to assess interactive and joint associations between LCRS and GRS, and each individual lifestyle risk factor, on likelihood of MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Data included 1534 Costa Rican adults with nonfatal acute MI and 1534 matched controls. The LCRS used estimated coefficients as weights for each factor: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, smoking, elevated waist:hip ratio, low/high alcohol intake, low socioeconomic status. The GRS included 14 MI-associated risk alleles. Conditional logistic regressions were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios. The odds ratios for MI were 2.72 (2.33, 3.17) per LCRS unit and 1.13 (95% CI 1.06, 1.21) per GRS unit. A significant joint association for highest GRS tertile and highest LCRS tertile and odds of MI was detected (odds ratio=5.43 [3.71, 7.94]; P<1.00×10-7), compared to both lowest tertiles. The odds ratios were 1.74 (1.22, 2.49) under optimal lifestyle and unfavorable genetic profile, and 5.02 (3.46, 7.29) under unhealthy lifestyle but advantageous genetic profile. Significant joint associations were observed for the highest GRS tertile and the highest of each lifestyle component risk category. The interaction term was nonsignificant (P=0.33). CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle risk factors and genetics are jointly associated with higher odds of MI among Hispanics/Latinos. Individual and combined lifestyle risk factors showed stronger associations. Efforts to improve lifestyle behaviors could help prevent MI regardless of genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ana Baylin
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Nutrición Translacional y Salud, Universidad Hispanoamericana, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Wen Y, Lu Q. A Clustered Multiclass Likelihood-Ratio Ensemble Method for Family-Based Association Analysis Accounting for Phenotypic Heterogeneity. Genet Epidemiol 2016; 40:512-9. [PMID: 27321816 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although compelling evidence suggests that the genetic etiology of complex diseases could be heterogeneous in subphenotype groups, little attention has been paid to phenotypic heterogeneity in genetic association analysis of complex diseases. Simply ignoring phenotypic heterogeneity in association analysis could result in attenuated estimates of genetic effects and low power of association tests if subphenotypes with similar clinical manifestations have heterogeneous underlying genetic etiologies. To facilitate the family-based association analysis allowing for phenotypic heterogeneity, we propose a clustered multiclass likelihood-ratio ensemble (CMLRE) method. The proposed method provides an alternative way to model the complex relationship between disease outcomes and genetic variants. It allows for heterogeneous genetic causes of disease subphenotypes and can be applied to various pedigree structures. Through simulations, we found CMLRE outperformed the commonly adopted strategies in a variety of underlying disease scenarios. We further applied CMLRE to a family-based dataset from the International Consortium to Identify Genes and Interactions Controlling Oral Clefts (ICOC) to investigate the genetic variants and interactions predisposing to subphenotypes of oral clefts. The analysis suggested that two subphenotypes, nonsyndromic cleft lip without palate (CL) and cleft lip with palate (CLP), shared similar genetic etiologies, while cleft palate only (CP) had its own genetic mechanism. The analysis further revealed that rs10863790 (IRF6), rs7017252 (8q24), and rs7078160 (VAX1) were jointly associated with CL/CLP, while rs7969932 (TBK1), rs227731 (17q22), and rs2141765 (TBK1) jointly contributed to CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Wen
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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Song ZK, Cao HY, Wu HD, Zhou LT, Qin L. A Case-Control Study of the Relationship Between SLC22A3-LPAL2-LPA Gene Cluster Polymorphism and Coronary Artery Disease in the Han Chinese Population. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e35387. [PMID: 27621937 PMCID: PMC5010879 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.35387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Mutations in the solute carrier family 22 member 3 (SLC22A3), lipoprotein (a)-like 2 (LPAL2), and the lipoprotein (a) (LPA) gene cluster, which encodes apolipoprotein (a) [apo (a)] of the lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] lipoprotein particle, have been suggested to contribute to the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the precise variants of this gene cluster have not yet been identified in Chinese populations. Objectives We sought to investigate the association between SLC22A3-LPAL2-LPA gene cluster polymorphisms and the risk of CAD in the Han Chinese population. Patients and Methods We recruited 551 CAD patients and 544 healthy controls for this case-control study. Four SNPs (rs9346816, rs2221750, rs3127596, and rs9364559) were genotyped in real time using the MassARRAY system (Sequenom; USA) in the SLC22A3-LPAL2-LPA gene cluster. All subjects were Chinese and of Han descent, and were recruited from the First Hospital of Jilin University based on convenience sampling from June 2009 to September 2012. Results The frequency of the minor allele G (34.8%) in rs9364559 was significantly higher in the CAD patients than in the healthy controls (29.4%) (P = 0.006). There was genotypic association between rs9364559 and CAD (P = 0.022), and these results still remained significant after adjustment for the conventional CAD risk factors through forward logistic regression analysis (P = 0.020, P = 0.019). Haplotype analyses from different blocks indicated that 11 haplotypes were associated with the risk of CAD. Seven haplotypes were associated with a reduced risk of CAD, whereas four haplotypes were associated with an increased risk of CAD. Conclusions Rs9364559 in the LPA gene may contribute to the risk of CAD in the Han Chinese population; haplotypes which contain rs9346816-G were all associated with an increased risk of CAD in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Kai Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Yan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai-Di Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Ting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Corresponding Author: Ling Qin, Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China. Tel: +86-15843073203; Fax: +86-043184841049, E-mail:
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Joseph PG, Pare G, Asma S, Engert JC, Yusuf S, Anand SS. Impact of a Genetic Risk Score on Myocardial Infarction Risk Across Different Ethnic Populations. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:1440-1446. [PMID: 27650930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) risk varies by ethnicity, although the influence of genetic factors remains unclear. Using a genetic risk score (GRS), we examined the association between 25 coronary artery disease (CAD)-related single nucleotide polymorphisms and MI across 6 ethnic groups. METHODS We studied 8556 participants in the INTERHEART case-control study from 6 ethnic groups: Europeans, South Asians, Southeast Asians, Arabs, Latin Americans, and Africans. Associations between the GRS and MI were tested in each group by logistic regression and overall by meta-analysis. RESULTS Overall, the GRS increased the odds of MI by 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.09) per risk allele in the unadjusted model, with little change (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04-1.09) after adjusting for demographic and modifiable factors. In Europeans, South Asians, Southeast Asians, and Arabs, the GRS was significantly associated with MI, with minimal heterogeneity observed. In these groups, a score > 23 risk alleles (highest 4 quintiles) was associated with only a 5% difference in population attributable risk (PAR) (36% to 41%) for MI. The GRS was not significant in Latin Americans or Africans. In the overall cohort, modest changes, beyond clinical factors, in PAR (88% to 91%), concordance statistic (0.73 to 0.74), and continuous net reclassification improvement (12%) were observed with the GRS. CONCLUSIONS A CAD GRS is associated with MI across a multiethnic cohort, with significant and consistent effects across 4 distinct ethnicities. However, it only modestly improves MI risk prediction beyond clinical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip G Joseph
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Guillaume Pare
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Senay Asma
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Cao XL, Yin RX, Huang F, Wu JZ, Chen WX. Chromosome 9p21 and ABCA1 Genetic Variants and Their Interactions on Coronary Heart Disease and Ischemic Stroke in a Chinese Han Population. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:586. [PMID: 27096864 PMCID: PMC4849041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to both coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke (IS) in Chinese individuals have not been identified definitely. This study was developed to evaluate the genetic susceptibility to CHD and IS on the chromosome 9p21 and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter A1 genes (ABCA1) in a Chinese Han population. Genotypes of the rs1333040, rs1333042, rs4977574, rs2066715 and rs2740483 SNPs were determined in 1134 unrelated patients (CHD, 565 and IS, 569) and 541 controls. The frequencies of the rs4977574 genotypes and alleles between CHD and control groups, and the rs2740483 genotypes and alleles between IS and control groups were different (p = 0.006–0.001). The subjects with rs1333042GG genotype and the carriers of the rs4977574G allele were associated with increased risk of CHD. The carriers of the rs4977574G allele were associated with increased risk of IS. However, the carriers of the rs2740483C allele had lower risk of IS than the non-carriers of the rs2740483C allele after controlling for potential confounders. The rs4977574GG-age (>60 year) interaction increased the risk of CHD (p = 0.022), whereas the rs2740483CG/CC-body mass index (>24 kg/m2) interaction decreased the risk of IS (p = 0.035). The interactions of rs1333040-rs1333042 on the risk of CHD and IS were relatively strong, whereas the interactions of rs1333040-rs1333042-rs2066715 and rs1333040-rs1333042-rs2066715-rs2740483 on the risk of CHD, and rs1333040-rs1333042-rs4977574 and rs1333040-rs1333042-rs4977574-rs2740483 on the risk of IS were relatively weak. These findings suggest that some common variants on the chromosome 9p21 and ABCA1 and their interactions may significantly modify the risk of CHD and IS independent of effects on serum lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jin-Zhen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Wu-Xian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Huang T, Cheng HL, Campos H, Qi L. Sugar-sweetened beverage intake, chromosome 9p21 variants, and risk of myocardial infarction in Hispanics. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1179-84. [PMID: 26961926 PMCID: PMC4807696 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.107177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 9p21 variants are among the most robust genetic markers for coronary artery disease (CAD), and previous studies have suggested that genetic effects of this locus might be modified by dietary factors. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which are the main dietary source of added sugar, has been shown to interact with genetic factors in affecting CAD risk factors such as obesity. OBJECTIVE We aimed to test whether SSB intake modified the association between chromosome 9p21 variants and CAD risk in Hispanics living in Costa Rica. DESIGN The current study included 1560 incident cases of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) and 1751 population-based controls. Three independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the chromosome 9p21 locus were genotyped. SSB intake was assessed with the use of a food-frequency questionnaire and was defined as the frequency of intake of daily servings of sweetened beverages and fruit juice. RESULTS We showed a significant interaction between SSB intake and one of the 3 variants (i.e., rs4977574) on MI risk. The per–risk allele OR (95% CI) of rs4977574 for MI was 1.44 (1.19, 1.74) in participants with higher SSB consumption (>2 servings/d), 1.21 (1.00, 1.47) in those with average consumption (1–2 servings/d), and 0.97 (0.81, 1.16) in subjects with lower consumption (<1 serving/d; P-interaction = 0.005). A genetic risk score derived from the sum of risk alleles of the 3 SNPs also showed a significant interaction with SSB intake on MI risk (P-interaction = 0.03). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that unhealthy dietary habits such as higher intake of SSBs could exacerbate the effects of chromosome 9p21 variants on CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Han-Ling Cheng
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA; and
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Kim KN, Kim JH, Jung K, Hong YC. Associations of air pollution exposure with blood pressure and heart rate variability are modified by oxidative stress genes: A repeated-measures panel among elderly urban residents. Environ Health 2016; 15:47. [PMID: 27015811 PMCID: PMC4807581 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has been suggested as a major cause of elevated blood pressure (BP) and reduced heart rate variability (HRV) due to air pollution. We hypothesized that the associations of air pollution exposure with BP and HRV are modified by oxidative stress gene polymorphisms. METHODS Between 2008 and 2010, we conducted up to 5 surveys of 547 elderly participants, measured their BP and HRV, and genotyped 47 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 18 oxidative stress genes. Linear mixed models were constructed to evaluate the associations of particulate matter ≤10 μm, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide with BP and HRV, as well as the modifications of these associations by the genotyped SNPs. RESULTS Single-SNP analyses revealed interactions between air pollution and 15 SNPs (for BP) and 33 SNPs (for HRV) (all, P for interaction < 0.05). When we generated genetic risk scores for BP and HRV, using the SNPs with interactions in the single-SNP models, we found that associations of air pollution exposure with BP and HRV were modified by the genetic risk scores (P for interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest that the associations of air pollution with BP and HRV are mediated by oxidative stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Nam Kim
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- />Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kweon Jung
- />Seoul Metropolitan Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- />Institute of Environmental Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- />Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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