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Lefferts EC, Ranadive SM. Vascular Responses to Acute Induced Inflammation With Aging: Does Fitness Matter? Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2024; 52:68-75. [PMID: 38377185 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Acute inflammation impairs vascular function in an age-dependent manner and affects cardiovascular event risk. Regular aerobic exercise preserves vascular function with aging and potentially modifies how acute inflammation affects the vasculature. We hypothesize high cardiorespiratory fitness may accompany greater arterial responsiveness post-acute inflammation in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Lefferts
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Sushant M Ranadive
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
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Fernando V, Zheng X, Sharma V, Furuta S. Reprogramming of breast tumor-associated macrophages with modulation of arginine metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.22.554238. [PMID: 37662241 PMCID: PMC10473631 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.22.554238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
HER2+ breast tumors have abundant immune-suppressive cells, including M2-type tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). While TAMs consist of the immune-stimulatory M1-type and immune-suppressive M2-type, M1/M2-TAM ratio is reduced in immune-suppressive tumors, contributing to their immunotherapy refractoriness. M1 vs. M2-TAM formation depends on differential arginine metabolism, where M1-TAMs convert arginine to nitric oxide (NO) and M2-TAMs convert arginine to polyamines (PAs). We hypothesize that such distinct arginine metabolism in M1- vs M2-TAMs is attributed to different availability of BH4 (NO synthase cofactor) and that its replenishment would reprogram M2-TAMs to M1-TAMs. Recently, we reported that sepiapterin (SEP), the endogenous BH4 precursor, elevates the expression of M1-TAM markers within HER2+ tumors. Here, we show that SEP restores BH4 levels in M2-TAMs, which then redirects arginine metabolism to NO synthesis and converts M2-TAMs to M1-TAMs. The reprogrammed TAMs exhibit full-fledged capabilities of antigen presentation and induction of effector T cells to trigger immunogenic cell death of HER2+ cancer cells. This study substantiates the utility of SEP in metabolic shift of HER2+ breast tumor microenvironment as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veani Fernando
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave. Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Barbara Davis Center, Mail Stop B115, 1775 Aurora Court, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Xunzhen Zheng
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave. Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Vandana Sharma
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave. Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Saori Furuta
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave. Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109
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3
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Heneberk O, Wurfelova E, Radochova V. Neopterin, the Cell-Mediated Immune Response Biomarker, in Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review of a More than Fifty Years Old Biomarker. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051294. [PMID: 37238968 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neopterin is a biomarker of the activation of cellular immunity. The purpose of this review is to summarise neopterin metabolism, methods of its detection, and its role in inflammation, focusing on periodontal inflammatory diseases. This derivative of guanosine is a non-enzymatic product of 7,8-dihydroneopterin oxidation caused by free radicals which protect activated macrophages from oxidative stress. Various methods, usually based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay, high-performance liquid chromatography, or radioimmunoassay were developed for the isolation of neopterin. A wide spectrum of diseases and conditions are known to affect neopterin levels, including cardiovascular, bacterial, viral, and degenerative diseases, as well as malignant tumours. Neopterin levels were found to increase in subjects with periodontitis, especially when the oral fluid and gingival crevicular fluid were evaluated. These findings confirm the role of activated macrophages and cellular immunity in periodontal inflammatory diseases. The gingival crevicular fluid and the oral fluid appear to be the most valuable biologic fluids for the evaluation of neopterin levels in periodontitis. For gingival crevicular fluid, neopterin can be determined as the concentration or the so-called total amount. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment was associated with a decrease in neopterin levels, but an increase was also reported, suggesting the possible role of macrophages in the resolution of the periodontal lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Heneberk
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Dentistry, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Wurfelova
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Dentistry, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimira Radochova
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Dentistry, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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4
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Szczepaniak P, Siedlinski M, Hodorowicz-Zaniewska D, Nosalski R, Mikolajczyk TP, Dobosz AM, Dikalova A, Dikalov S, Streb J, Gara K, Basta P, Krolczyk J, Sulicka-Grodzicka J, Jozefczuk E, Dziewulska A, Saju B, Laksa I, Chen W, Dormer J, Tomaszewski M, Maffia P, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Crea F, Dobrzyn A, Moslehi J, Grodzicki T, Harrison DG, Guzik TJ. Breast cancer chemotherapy induces vascular dysfunction and hypertension through NOX4 dependent mechanism. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:149117. [PMID: 35617030 PMCID: PMC9246378 DOI: 10.1172/jci149117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer survivors. Chemotherapy contributes to this risk. We aimed to define the mechanisms of long-term vascular dysfunction caused by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and identify novel therapeutic targets.We studied arteries from postmenopausal women who had undergone breast cancer treatment using docetaxel, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (NACT), and women with no history of such treatment matched for key clinical parameters. Mechanisms were explored in wild-type and Nox4-/- mice and human microvascular endothelial cells.Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is severely impaired in patients after NACT, while endothelium-independent responses remain normal. This was mimicked by 24-hour exposure of arteries to NACT agents ex-vivo. When applied individually, only docetaxel impaired endothelial function in human vessels. Mechanistic studies showed that NACT increased inhibitory eNOS phosphorylation of threonine 495 in a ROCK-dependent manner and augmented vascular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production and NADPH oxidase activity. Docetaxel increased expression of NADPH oxidase NOX4 in endothelial and smooth muscle cells and NOX2 in the endothelium. NOX4 increase in human arteries may be mediated epigenetically by diminished DNA methylation of the NOX4 promoter. Docetaxel induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in mice. These were prevented in Nox4-/- and by pharmacological inhibition of Nox4 or Rock.Commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, and in particular, docetaxel, alter vascular function by promoting inhibitory phosphorylation of eNOS and enhancing ROS production by NADPH oxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szczepaniak
- Department of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Siedlinski
- Department of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Ryszard Nosalski
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Department of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta M Dobosz
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Dikalova
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Sergey Dikalov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Joanna Streb
- Department of Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gara
- Department of Surgery, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Pawel Basta
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Krolczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Ewelina Jozefczuk
- Department of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Dziewulska
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Blessy Saju
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Iwona Laksa
- Department of Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States of America
| | - John Dormer
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Sciences Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Javid Moslehi
- University of California San Fransisco, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Tomasz Grodzicki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Liu C, Sun Z, Shali S, Mei Z, Chang S, Mo H, Xu L, Pu Y, Guan H, Chen GC, Qi Q, Quan Z, Qi J, Yao K, Dai Y, Zheng Y, Ge J. The gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in acute myocardial infarction. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:569-578. [PMID: 34974193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of the gut microbiome in human health. However, the integrative role of the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. The current study profiled the microbial community through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and measured fecal short-chain fatty acids and circulating choline pathway metabolites among 117 new-onset AMI cases and 78 controls. Significant microbial alternations were observed in AMI patients compared with controls (P = 0.001). The abundances of nine species (e.g., Streptococcus salivarius, Klebsiella pneumoniae) were positively associated, and one species (Roseburia hominis) was inversely associated with AMI status and severity. A gut microbial score at disease onset was associated with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in 3.2 years (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 2.01 [1.04-4.24]) in AMI patients. The molar proportions of fecal acetate and butyrate were higher, and the circulating levels of choline and carnitine were lower in AMI patients than in controls. In addition, disease classifiers showed that AMI cases and controls had a more distinct pattern in taxonomical composition than in pathways or metabolites. Our findings suggested that microbial composition and functional potentials were associated with AMI status and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhonghan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shalaimaiti Shali
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhendong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shufu Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanjun Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanni Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huihui Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Zhexue Quan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji Qi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxiang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Ihm SH, Park SH, Lee JO, Kim OR, Park EH, Kim KR, Kim JH, Hwang BH, Youn HJ, Oak MH, Chang K. A Standardized Lindera obtusiloba Extract Improves Endothelial Dysfunction and Attenuates Plaque Development in Hyperlipidemic ApoE-Knockout Mice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112493. [PMID: 34834858 PMCID: PMC8618780 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lindera obtusiloba extract (LOE), a traditional herbal medicine used to enhance blood circulation and to reduce inflammation, induced NO-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation, and reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The study investigated whether LOE improves endothelial dysfunction and reduces plaque inflammation and progression by inhibiting ROS generation in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Eight-week-old apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice fed with a western diet (WD) were randomized into different groups by administering vehicle (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)), LOE (100 mg/kg/day), or losartan (30 mg/kg/day) by gavage until the age of 28 weeks. Fourteen male C57BL/6 mice that were fed normal chow and treated with CMC were used as negative controls. Similar to losartan treatment, LOE treatment induced the concentration-dependent relaxation of aorta rings in WD-fed apoE-/- mice. LOE treatment significantly reduced the vascular ROS formation and expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, including p22phox and p47phox. Compared with WD-fed apoE-/- mice, mice exposed to chronic LOE treatment exhibited reductions in plaque inflammation-related fluorescence signals and atherosclerotic lesions. These effects were greater than those of losartan treatment. In conclusion, LOE treatment improves endothelial dysfunction and reduces plaque inflammation as well as lesion areas by reducing vascular NADPH oxidase-induced ROS generation in a mouse model of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Ihm
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-H.I.); (S.-H.P.); (O.-R.K.); (E.-H.P.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sin-Hee Park
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-H.I.); (S.-H.P.); (O.-R.K.); (E.-H.P.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jung-Ok Lee
- Research and Development Center, Han Wha Pharma, Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24468, Korea; (J.-O.L.); (K.-R.K.)
| | - Ok-Ran Kim
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-H.I.); (S.-H.P.); (O.-R.K.); (E.-H.P.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Park
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-H.I.); (S.-H.P.); (O.-R.K.); (E.-H.P.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Rak Kim
- Research and Development Center, Han Wha Pharma, Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24468, Korea; (J.-O.L.); (K.-R.K.)
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Research Center, YangJi Chemicals, Suwon 16229, Korea;
| | - Byung-Hee Hwang
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-H.I.); (S.-H.P.); (O.-R.K.); (E.-H.P.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Youn
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-H.I.); (S.-H.P.); (O.-R.K.); (E.-H.P.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Oak
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun 58554, Korea
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-H.I.); (S.-H.P.); (O.-R.K.); (E.-H.P.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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Lefferts EC, Hibner BA, Lefferts WK, Lima NS, Baynard T, Haus JM, Lane‐Cordova AD, Phillips SA, Fernhall B. Oral vitamin C restores endothelial function during acute inflammation in young and older adults. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15104. [PMID: 34762777 PMCID: PMC8582295 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to reductions in vascular function during acute inflammation in young adults; however, the effect of acute inflammation on vascular function with aging is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to determine if oral antioxidant administration eliminates vascular dysfunction during acute inflammation in young and older adults. Brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured in nine young (3 male, 24 ± 4 yrs, 26.2 ± 4.9 kg/m2 ) and 16 older (13 male, 64 ± 5 yrs, 25.8 ± 3.2 kg/m2 ) adults before and 2-h after oral consumption of 2 g of vitamin C. The vitamin C protocol was completed at rest and 24 h after acute inflammation was induced via the typhoid vaccine. Venous blood samples were taken to measure markers of inflammation and vitamin C. Both interleukin-6 (Δ+0.7 ± 1.8 pg/ml) and C-reactive protein (Δ+1.9 ± 3.1 mg/L) were increased at 24 h following the vaccine (p < 0.01). There was no change in FMD or PWV following vitamin C administration at rest (p > 0.05). FMD was lower in all groups during acute inflammation (Δ-1.4 ± 1.9%, p < 0.01), with no changes in PWV (Δ-0.0 ± 0.9 m/s, p > 0.05). Vitamin C restored FMD back to initial values in young and older adults during acute inflammation (Δ+1.0 ± 1.8%, p < 0.01) with no change in inflammatory markers or PWV (p > 0.05). In conclusion, oral vitamin C restored endothelial function during acute inflammation in young and older adults, with no effect on aortic stiffness. The effect of vitamin C on endothelial function did not appear to be due to reductions in inflammatory markers. The exact mechanisms should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Lefferts
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of KinesiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Brooks A. Hibner
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Wesley K. Lefferts
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of KinesiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Natalia S. Lima
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jacob M. Haus
- School of KinesiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Abbi D. Lane‐Cordova
- Department of Exercise ScienceArnold School of Public HealthUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Shane A. Phillips
- Department of Physical TherapyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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8
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Czibik G, Mezdari Z, Murat Altintas D, Bréhat J, Pini M, d'Humières T, Delmont T, Radu C, Breau M, Liang H, Martel C, Abatan A, Sarwar R, Marion O, Naushad S, Zhang Y, Halfaoui M, Suffee N, Morin D, Adnot S, Hatem S, Yavari A, Sawaki D, Derumeaux G. Dysregulated Phenylalanine Catabolism Plays a Key Role in the Trajectory of Cardiac Aging. Circulation 2021; 144:559-574. [PMID: 34162223 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging myocardium undergoes progressive cardiac hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis with diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Recent metabolomics studies shed light on amino acids in aging. The present study aimed to dissect how aging leads to elevated plasma levels of the essential amino acid phenylalanine and how it may promote age-related cardiac dysfunction. METHODS We studied cardiac structure and function, together with phenylalanine catabolism in wild-type (WT) and p21-/- mice (male; 2-24 months), with the latter known to be protected from cellular senescence. To explore phenylalanine's effects on cellular senescence and ectopic phenylalanine catabolism, we treated cardiomyocytes (primary adult rat or human AC-16) with phenylalanine. To establish a role for phenylalanine in driving cardiac aging, WT male mice were treated twice a day with phenylalanine (200 mg/kg) for a month. We also treated aged WT mice with tetrahydrobiopterin (10 mg/kg), the essential cofactor for the phenylalanine-degrading enzyme PAH (phenylalanine hydroxylase), or restricted dietary phenylalanine intake. The impact of senescence on hepatic phenylalanine catabolism was explored in vitro in AML12 hepatocytes treated with Nutlin3a (a p53 activator), with or without p21-targeting small interfering RNA or tetrahydrobiopterin, with quantification of PAH and tyrosine levels. RESULTS Natural aging is associated with a progressive increase in plasma phenylalanine levels concomitant with cardiac dysfunction, whereas p21 deletion delayed these changes. Phenylalanine treatment induced premature cardiac deterioration in young WT mice, strikingly akin to that occurring with aging, while triggering cellular senescence, redox, and epigenetic changes. Pharmacological restoration of phenylalanine catabolism with tetrahydrobiopterin administration or dietary phenylalanine restriction abrogated the rise in plasma phenylalanine and reversed cardiac senescent alterations in aged WT mice. Observations from aged mice and human samples implicated age-related decline in hepatic phenylalanine catabolism as a key driver of elevated plasma phenylalanine levels and showed increased myocardial PAH-mediated phenylalanine catabolism, a novel signature of cardiac aging. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish a pathogenic role for increased phenylalanine levels in cardiac aging, linking plasma phenylalanine levels to cardiac senescence via dysregulated phenylalanine catabolism along a hepatic-cardiac axis. They highlight phenylalanine/PAH modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy for age-associated cardiac impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Czibik
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
- Department of Physiology (G.C., T.d'H., S.A., G.D.), AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, FHU-SENEC, Créteil, France
| | - Zaineb Mezdari
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Dogus Murat Altintas
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Juliette Bréhat
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Maria Pini
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Thomas d'Humières
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
- Department of Physiology (G.C., T.d'H., S.A., G.D.), AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, FHU-SENEC, Créteil, France
| | - Thaïs Delmont
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Costin Radu
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (C.R.), AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, FHU-SENEC, Créteil, France
| | - Marielle Breau
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Hao Liang
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Cecile Martel
- Mitologics SAS (C.M.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Azania Abatan
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Rizwan Sarwar
- Experimental Therapeutics, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (R.S., A.Y.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ophélie Marion
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Suzain Naushad
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Maissa Halfaoui
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Nadine Suffee
- Sorbonne Universités, INSERM UMR_S1166, Faculté de Médecine UPMC, Paris, France (N.S., S.H.)
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Paris, France (N.S., S.H.)
| | - Didier Morin
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
- Department of Physiology (G.C., T.d'H., S.A., G.D.), AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, FHU-SENEC, Créteil, France
| | - Stéphane Hatem
- Sorbonne Universités, INSERM UMR_S1166, Faculté de Médecine UPMC, Paris, France (N.S., S.H.)
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Paris, France (N.S., S.H.)
| | - Arash Yavari
- Experimental Therapeutics, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (R.S., A.Y.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (A.Y.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daigo Sawaki
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Geneviève Derumeaux
- INSERM (L'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955 (G.C., Z.M., D.M.A., J.B., M.P., T.d'H., T.D., C.R., M.B., H.L., A.A., O.M., S.N., Y.Z., M.H., D.M., S.A., D.S., G.D.), Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
- Department of Physiology (G.C., T.d'H., S.A., G.D.), AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, FHU-SENEC, Créteil, France
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9
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Zhong GC, Zhao ZB, Cheng Y, Wang YB, Qiu C, Mao LH, Hu JJ, Cai D, Liu Y, Gong JP, Li SW. Epigenetic silencing of GCH1promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth by activating superoxide anion-mediated ASK1/p38 signaling via inhibiting tetrahydrobiopterin de novo biosynthesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:81-94. [PMID: 33781891 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its role in HCC remains to be elucidated. Herein, we identified GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1), the first rate-limiting enzyme in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) de novo biosynthesis, as a novel metabolic regulator of HCC. GCH1 was frequently down-regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines by promoter methylation. Low GCH1 expression was associated with larger tumor size, increased tumor number, and worse prognosis in two independent cohorts of HCC patients. Functionally, GCH1 silencing promoted HCC growth in vitro and in vivo, while GCH1 overexpression exerted an opposite effect. The metabolite BH4 inhibited HCC growth in vitro and in vivo. GCH1 silencing exerted its growth-promoting effect through directly inhibiting BH4 de novo biosynthesis. Mechanistically, GCH1 silencing activated ASK1/p38 signaling; pharmacological or genetic inhibition of ASK1 or p38 abolished GCH1 silencing-induced growth-promoting effect. Further mechanistic studies found that GCH1 silencing-induced BH4 reduction resulted in an increase of intracellular superoxide anion levels in a dose-dependent manner, which mediated the activation of ASK1/p38 signaling. Collectively, our study reveals that epigenetic silencing of GCH1 promotes HCC growth by activating superoxide anion-mediated ASK1/p38 signaling via inhibiting BH4 de novo biosynthesis, suggesting that targeting GCH1/BH4 pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy to combat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Chao Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun-Bing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chan Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin-Hong Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Jun Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Sheng-Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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10
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Abstract
Significance: Coronary artery disease (CAD) continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world despite significant progress in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of atherosclerotic disease. Recent Advances: The focus of the cardiovascular community has shifted toward seeking a better understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms driving residual CAD risk that is not modulated by current therapies. Significant progress has been achieved in revealing both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and how shift of the balance in favor of the former can drive the development of disease. Critical Issues: Advances in the noninvasive detection of coronary artery inflammation have been forthcoming. These advances include multiple imaging modalities, with novel applications of computed tomography both with and without positron emission tomography, and experimental ultrasound techniques. These advances will enable better selection of patients for anti-inflammatory treatments and assessment of treatment response. The rapid advancement in pharmaceutical design has enabled the production of specific antibodies against inflammatory pathways of atherosclerosis, with modest success to date. The pursuit of demonstrating the efficacy and safety of novel anti-inflammatory and/or proinflammatory resolution therapies for atherosclerotic CAD has become a major focus. Future Directions: This review seeks to provide an update of the latest evidence of all three of these highly related but disparate areas of inquiry: Our current understanding of the key mechanisms by which inflammation contributes to coronary artery atherosclerosis, the evidence for noninvasive assessment of coronary artery inflammation, and finally, the evidence for targeted therapies to treat coronary inflammation for the reduction of CAD risk. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1217-1243.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W West
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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11
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Wang P, Tian X, Tang J, Duan X, Wang J, Cao H, Qiu X, Wang W, Mai M, Yang Q, Liao R, Yan F. Artemisinin protects endothelial function and vasodilation from oxidative damage via activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Exp Gerontol 2021; 147:111270. [PMID: 33556535 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies showed that artemisinin (ART) may be useful in the protection against the early development of atherosclerosis, but the effects of ART on vasodilation and eNOS remained unclear. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS In the current study, we investigated the protective effect of ART on endothelial cell injury induced by oxidative stress and its underlying mechanism via MTT assay, Flow Cytometry Assay, Vasodilation study, Western blotting and vivo assay. RESULTS We found that pretreatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with ART significantly suppressed H2O2-induced cell death by decreasing the extent of oxidation and MDA activity, activating SOD, increasing NO production and inhibiting caspase 3/7 activity. Meanwhile, we also found that ART was able to activate PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or Akt kinase specific inhibitor Akt inhibitor VIII blocked the protective effect of ART. To explore the effect of ART in the damage of vasodilation induced by H2O2 in mice, we treated the aortic ring from C57BL/6 mice with H2O2 with or without ART, the results demonstrated that ART ameliorated endothelium-dependent vasodilation damage induced by H2O2. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that ART is able to protect endothelial function and vasodilation from oxidative damage, at least in part through activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Our findings indicate that artemisinin maybe as a potential therapeutic agent for patients with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Tian
- School of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juxian Tang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiao Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinying Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Cao
- School of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Qiu
- School of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- School of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengfei Mai
- School of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaohong Yang
- School of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rifang Liao
- Department of pharmacy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fengxia Yan
- School of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Fanet H, Capuron L, Castanon N, Calon F, Vancassel S. Tetrahydrobioterin (BH4) Pathway: From Metabolism to Neuropsychiatry. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:591-609. [PMID: 32744952 PMCID: PMC8573752 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200729103529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrobipterin (BH4) is a pivotal enzymatic cofactor required for the synthesis of serotonin, dopamine and nitric oxide. BH4 is essential for numerous physiological processes at periphery and central levels, such as vascularization, inflammation, glucose homeostasis, regulation of oxidative stress and neurotransmission. BH4 de novo synthesis involves the sequential activation of three enzymes, the major controlling point being GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1). Complementary salvage and recycling pathways ensure that BH4 levels are tightly kept within a physiological range in the body. Even if the way of transport of BH4 and its ability to enter the brain after peripheral administration is still controversial, data showed increased levels in the brain after BH4 treatment. Available evidence shows that GCH1 expression and BH4 synthesis are stimulated by immunological factors, notably pro-inflammatory cytokines. Once produced, BH4 can act as an anti- inflammatory molecule and scavenger of free radicals protecting against oxidative stress. At the same time, BH4 is prone to autoxidation, leading to the release of superoxide radicals contributing to inflammatory processes, and to the production of BH2, an inactive form of BH4, reducing its bioavailability. Alterations in BH4 levels have been documented in many pathological situations, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and depression, in which increased oxidative stress, inflammation and alterations in monoaminergic function are described. This review aims at providing an update of the knowledge about metabolism and the role of BH4 in brain function, from preclinical to clinical studies, addressing some therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Fanet
- INRAe, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
| | - L. Capuron
- INRAe, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
| | - N. Castanon
- INRAe, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
| | - F. Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
| | - S. Vancassel
- INRAe, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
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13
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Watanabe T. Neopterin derivatives - a novel therapeutic target rather than biomarker for atherosclerosis and related diseases. VASA 2020; 50:165-173. [PMID: 32924886 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an updated overview of the emerging roles of neopterin derivatives in atherosclerosis. Neopterin, a metabolite of guanosine triphosphate, is produced by interferon-γ-activated macrophages and is expressed at high levels in atheromatous plaques within the human carotid and coronary arteries as well as in the aorta. Plasma concentrations of neopterin are higher in patients with carotid, cerebral, and coronary artery diseases as well as aortic aneurysm. The concentration of neopterin is positively correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease. However, a prospective cohort study showed that neopterin contributes to protection against plaque formation in carotid arteries in patients with atherosclerosis. Moreover, using both in vitro and in vivo experiments, a recent study has shown the atheroprotective effects of neopterin. Neopterin suppresses the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in endothelial cells, and thereby suppresses the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells. It also suppresses the inflammatory phenotype of monocyte-derived macrophages. In addition, neopterin suppresses oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation in macrophages and the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Neopterin injection into apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice suppresses the development of atherosclerotic lesions. A neopterin derivative tetrahydroneopterin (BH4), also known as a cofactor for nitric oxide (NO) synthases, suppresses atherosclerosis and vascular injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia in Apoe-/- mice. BH4 administration improves endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. These findings suggest that neopterin production may increase to counteract the progression of atherosclerosis, as neopterin contributes to atheroprotection. Otherwise, the increased neopterin levels in atherosclerosis may reflect a compensatory mechanism associated with inducible NO synthase upregulation in macrophages to supply BH4 for high output NO production caused by decreased endothelial NO synthase in atherosclerosis. Therefore, neopterin derivatives are a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ushioda General Hospital/Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
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14
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Kim HK, Han J. Tetrahydrobiopterin in energy metabolism and metabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104827. [PMID: 32348841 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an endogenous cofactor for various enzymatic conversions of essential biomolecules including nitric oxide, tyrosine, dopamine, serotonin and phenylalanine. Depending on the physiological functions of these molecules, BH4 plays multiple roles in the cardiovascular, immune, nervous and endocrine systems. A deficiency of BH4 or an imbalance of the redox state of biopterin has been implicated in various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Therefore, supplementation with BH4 is considered as a therapeutic option for these diseases. In addition to the classical nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent role of BH4, recent studies proposed novel NOS-independent roles of BH4 in health and disease conditions. This article reviews the updated role of BH4 in mitochondrial regulation, energy metabolism and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea; Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje Univeristy, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea; Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje Univeristy, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Liu P, Liu J, Wu Y, Xi W, Wei Y, Yuan Z, Zhuo X. Zinc supplementation protects against diabetic endothelial dysfunction via GTP cyclohydrolase 1 restoration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:1049-1054. [PMID: 31732151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study explored whether zinc supplementation alleviates diabetic endothelial dysfunction and the possible mechanisms underlying. We found that high glucose exposure significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased guanosine 5'-triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH1) and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) in a time-dependent manner. High glucose increased zinc release from GTPCH1 in a similar trend. Zinc supplementation restored GTPCH1 and BH4 levels and blocked ROS accumulation in both BACEs and wild type GTPCH1 transfected HEK293 cells, but not in the zinc-free C141R mutant of GTPCH1 transfected ones. In vivo experiments showed that exogenous supplementation of zinc to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice partially improved the impaired maximal endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, reversed the aberrant reduction of GTPCH1 and BH4, and suppressed the elevation of ROS in the aortas. In conclusion, our study demonstrated a novel mechanism that via GTPCH1 restoration zinc supplementation exerts a protective benefit on diabetic endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peining Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Xi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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16
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Katsimichas T, Antonopoulos AS, Katsimichas A, Ohtani T, Sakata Y, Tousoulis D. The intestinal microbiota and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1471-1486. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota of human hosts is the community of microorganisms living in the small and, mainly, the large intestine of humans. This microbial ecosystem has co-evolved with humans across the millennia, has come to play an important interactive role in human physiology and has been aptly called our forgotten organ. Significant properties of the microbiota benefiting its host include energy harvest from food sources indigestible by humans, protection from pathogen colonization, and vitamin synthesis. Mounting evidence has linked changes in the composition or metabolic profiles of the microbiota with human disease, including disorders of the cardiovascular spectrum. Although cause and effect mechanisms are as yet essentially unproven in the relevant literature, the established associations point to the importance of the microbiota in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we first summarize key information on the gut microbial communities and the elaborate tools developed to analyse their structure and metabolic functions. Ecological terms are explained and analytical techniques are simplified, to enhance the understanding of published studies. Statistical methods used in microbial analysis are also described in simple terms. We then present published literature on the association of the compositional and functional changes of the microbiota with CVD, including heart failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Each section of the review deals with the underlying pathophysiology of the relevant associations, connecting the observational and mechanistic aspects. Finally, we discuss the challenges that remain to be met before this field of research can generate knowledge which can impact everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themistoklis Katsimichas
- 1st Cardiology Department, Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Alexios S Antonopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Department, Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Katsimichas
- 1st Cardiology Department, Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomohito Ohtani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Department, Athens Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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17
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GCH1 haplotypes and cardiovascular risk in HIV. AIDS 2019; 33:1669-1671. [PMID: 31082861 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
: Heightened systemic inflammation contributes to cardiovascular (CVD) events in people living with HIV (PLWH), although not all PLWH develop CVD, thus suggesting a genetic modifying role. We examined GCH1 polymorphisms, which have been associated with reduced endothelial function in European populations with CVD and increased inflammation, in a racially diverse cohort of US PLWH initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). GCH1 polymorphisms differed by race and were not associated with flow-mediated dilation or carotid intima-media thickness before or after 48 weeks of ART.
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18
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Antonopoulos AS, Goliopoulou A, Oikonomou E, Tsalamandris S, Papamikroulis GA, Lazaros G, Tsiamis E, Latsios G, Brili S, Papaioannou S, Gennimata V, Tousoulis D. Redox State in Atrial Fibrillation Pathogenesis and Relevant Therapeutic Approaches. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:765-779. [PMID: 28721830 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170718130408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial redox state is a critical determinant of atrial biology, regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis, ion channel function, and cardiac hypertrophy/fibrosis and function. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the targeting of atrial redox state is a rational therapeutic strategy for atrial fibrillation prevention. OBJECTIVE To review the role of atrial redox state and anti-oxidant therapies in atrial fibrillation. METHOD Published literature in Medline was searched for experimental and clinical evidence linking myocardial redox state with atrial fibrillation pathogenesis as well as studies looking into the role of redoxtargeting therapies in the prevention of atrial fibrillation. RESULTS Data from animal models have shown that altered myocardial nitroso-redox balance and NADPH oxidases activity are causally involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. Similarly experimental animal data supports that increased reactive oxygen / nitrogen species formation in the atrial tissue is associated with altered electrophysiological properties of atrial myocytes and electrical remodeling, favoring atrial fibrillation development. In humans, randomized clinical studies using redox-related therapeutic approaches (e.g. statins or antioxidant agents) have not documented any benefits in the prevention of atrial fibrillation development (mainly post-operative atrial fibrillation risk). CONCLUSION Despite strong experimental and translational data supporting the role of atrial redox state in atrial fibrillation pathogenesis, such mechanistic evidence has not been translated to clinical benefits in atrial fibrillation risk in randomized clinical studies using redox-related therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - George Lazaros
- 1st Cardiology Department, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Latsios
- 1st Cardiology Department, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Brili
- 1st Cardiology Department, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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19
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Loscalzo J. Nitric Oxide Signaling and Atherothrombosis Redux: Evidence From Experiments of Nature and Implications for Therapy. Circulation 2019; 137:233-236. [PMID: 29335284 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Loscalzo
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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20
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Oikonomou EK, Antoniades C. Immunometabolic Regulation of Vascular Redox State: The Role of Adipose Tissue. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:313-336. [PMID: 28657335 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Vascular oxidative stress plays a crucial role in atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent evidence suggests that vascular redox state is under the control of complex pathophysiological mechanisms, ranging from inflammation to obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Recent Advances: Adipose tissue (AT) is now recognized as a dynamic endocrine and paracrine organ that secretes several bioactive molecules, called adipokines. AT has recently been shown to regulate vascular redox state in both an endocrine and a paracrine manner through the secretion of adipokines, therefore providing a mechanistic link for the association between obesity, IR, inflammation, and vascular disease. Importantly, AT behaves as a sensor of cardiovascular oxidative stress, modifying its secretory profile in response to cardiovascular oxidative injury. CRITICAL ISSUES The present article presents an up-to-date review of the association between AT and vascular oxidative stress. We focus on the effects of individual adipokines on modulating reactive oxygen species production and scavenging in the vascular wall. In addition, we highlight how inflammation, obesity, and IR alter the biology and secretome of AT leading to a more pro-oxidant phenotype with a particular focus on the local regulatory mechanisms of perivascular AT driven by vascular oxidation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The complex and dynamic biology of AT, as well as its importance in the regulation of vascular redox state, provides numerous opportunities for the development of novel, targeted treatments in the management of CVD. Therapeutic modulation of AT biology could improve vascular redox state affecting vascular disease pathogenesis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 313-336.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos K Oikonomou
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Nasser A, Møller AT, Hellmund V, Thorborg SS, Jespersgaard C, Bjerrum OJ, Dupont E, Nachman G, Lykkesfeldt J, Jensen TS, Møller LB. Heterozygous mutations in GTP-cyclohydrolase-1 reduce BH4 biosynthesis but not pain sensitivity. Pain 2018; 159:1012-1024. [PMID: 29470312 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Human studies have demonstrated a correlation between noncoding polymorphisms of "the pain protective" haplotype in the GCH1 gene that encodes for GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH1)-which leads to reduced tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) production in cell systems-and a diminished perception of experimental and clinical pain. Here, we investigate whether heterozygous mutations in the GCH1 gene which lead to a profound BH4 reduction in patients with dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) have any effect on pain sensitivity. The study includes an investigation of GCH1-associated biomarkers and pain sensitivity in a cohort of 22 patients with DRD and 36 controls. The patients with DRD had, when compared with controls, significantly reduced levels of BH4, neopterin, biopterin, and GTPCH1 in their urine, blood, or cytokine-stimulated fibroblasts, but their pain response with respect to non-painful stimulation, (acute) stimulus-evoked pain, or pain response after capsaicin-induced sensitization was not significantly different. A family-specific cohort of 11 patients with DRD and 11 controls were included in this study. The patients with DRD were heterozygous for the pain protective haplotype in cis with the GCH1 disease-causing mutation, c.899T>C. No effect on pain perception was observed for this combined haplotype. In conclusion, a reduced concentration of BH4 is not sufficient to alter ongoing pain sensitivity or evoked pain responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafat Nasser
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anette Torvin Møller
- Department of Neurology, Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Århus, Denmark
| | - Vibe Hellmund
- Department of Neurology, Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Århus, Denmark
| | - Sidsel Salling Thorborg
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Jespersgaard
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Ole J Bjerrum
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Erik Dupont
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Århus, Denmark
| | - Gösta Nachman
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Troels Staehelin Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Århus, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Birk Møller
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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22
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Wei J, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang X, Chen L, Du J, Liu J, Liu J, Hou Y. GCH1 attenuates cardiac autonomic nervous remodeling in canines with atrial-tachypacing via tetrahydrobiopterin pathway regulated by microRNA-206. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2018; 41:459-471. [PMID: 29436714 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cardiac autonomic nerve remodeling (ANR) is an important mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF). GTP cyclohydrolase I, encoded by GCH1, is the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Previous studies reported that increased BH4 and NO content negatively regulated nerve regeneration. This study investigated the effects of GCH1 on ANR via BH4 pathway, regulated by microRNA-206 (miR-206). METHODS AND RESULTS In canines, atrial tachypacing (A-TP), together with miR-206 overexpression, increased PGP9.5 level and inhibited GCH1 expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. GCH1 was validated to be a direct target of miR-206 by luciferase assays. Meanwhile, miR-206 overexpression by lentiviruses infection into right superior pulmonary vein fat pad decreased GCH1 expression to ∼40% and further reduced BH4 and NO content compared with the control canines. After infection of GCH1 overexpression lentiviruses for two weeks, atrial effective refractory period was increased compared with the control group (105.8 ± 1.537 ms vs 99.17 ± 2.007 ms, P < 0.05). Moreover, GCH1 overexpression attenuated canines' atrial PGP9.5 level to ∼56% of the controls. In myocardial cells, transfection of GCH1 overexpression lentiviruses also decreased PGP9.5 expression to 26% of the control group. In patients, plasma was collected and miR-206 expression was upregulated in AF patients (n = 18) than the controls (n = 12). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that GCH1 downregulation exacerbated ANR by decreasing atrial BH4 and NO content modulated by miR-206 in A-TP canines. This indicates that GCH1 may prevent the initiation of AF through inhibiting ANR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Wei
- Department of Examination Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ximin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Department of Special Examination, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Juanjuan Du
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
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23
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) signalling has pleiotropic roles in biology and a crucial function in cardiovascular homeostasis. Tremendous knowledge has been accumulated on the mechanisms of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-NO pathway, but how this highly reactive, free radical gas signals to specific targets for precise regulation of cardiovascular function remains the focus of much intense research. In this Review, we summarize the updated paradigms on NOS regulation, NO interaction with reactive oxidant species in specific subcellular compartments, and downstream effects of NO in target cardiovascular tissues, while emphasizing the latest developments of molecular tools and biomarkers to modulate and monitor NO production and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Farah
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL-FATH Tour Vésale 5th Floor, 52 Avenue Mounier B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lauriane Y M Michel
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL-FATH Tour Vésale 5th Floor, 52 Avenue Mounier B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL-FATH Tour Vésale 5th Floor, 52 Avenue Mounier B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Francis BN, Salameh M, Khamisy-Farah R, Farah R. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4 ): Targeting endothelial nitric oxide synthase as a potential therapy for pulmonary hypertension. Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 36. [PMID: 29151278 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is complex disease which is associated with endothelial and cardiac dysfunction. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4 ) regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to produce nitric oxide rather than superoxide which maintains normal endothelial and cardiac function. This study explores the therapeutic potential of BH4 in experimental PH. METHODS Monocrotaline-induced PH in rats and Hph-1 deficiency in mice were used for animal experiments. Hemodynamic measurements using pressure transducers were conducted for pulmonary and cardiac pressures, and Langendorff apparatus was used for isolated heart experiments; preventive as well as rescue treatment protocols were conducted; tissues were collected for histological and biochemical studies. RESULTS In vivo acute BH4 administration reduced pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) only in the MCT rat. In a Langendorff preparation, BH4 increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) in right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) but not in control. In "prevention" therapy, BH4 (10 and 100 mg/kg) attenuated the development of PH in rat MCT model. eNOS protein levels in lung homogenates were maintained and cGMP levels were increased. In "rescue" therapy, BH4 (10 and 100 mg/kg) ameliorated pulmonary vascular muscularization in a dose-dependent manner. RVSP was reduced in RVH and pulmonary vascular muscularization was attenuated. BH4 at 10 mg/kg reduced RV myocyte diameter while BH4 at 100 mg/kg reversed it to control level. BH4 restored normal levels of eNOS protein and in a dose of 100 mg/kg enhanced lung tissue levels of BH4 , cGMP, and NO compared to placebo. CONCLUSION The current study provides scientific evidence for a therapeutic potential of BH4 in PH and invites further investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Arterial Pressure/drug effects
- Biopterins/analogs & derivatives
- Biopterins/pharmacology
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- GTP Cyclohydrolase/deficiency
- GTP Cyclohydrolase/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/chemically induced
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/enzymology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Isolated Heart Preparation
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Monocrotaline
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Ventricular Function, Right/drug effects
- Ventricular Pressure/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa N Francis
- Experimental Medicine and Toxicology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Ziv Medical Center, Safad, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Maram Salameh
- Pharmacy Department, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Raymond Farah
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Ziv Medical Center, Safad, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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25
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Terasaki M, Hiromura M, Mori Y, Kohashi K, Kushima H, Koshibu M, Saito T, Yashima H, Watanabe T, Hirano T. A Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Suppresses Macrophage Foam Cell Formation in Diabetic db/db Mice and Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:8458304. [PMID: 30627161 PMCID: PMC6304851 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8458304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors could have antiatherosclerotic action, in addition to antihyperglycemic roles. Because macrophage foam cells are key components of atherosclerosis, we investigated the effect of the DPP-4 inhibitor teneligliptin on foam cell formation and its related gene expression levels in macrophages extracted from diabetic db/db (C57BLKS/J Iar -+Leprdb/+Leprdb ) mice and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients ex vivo. We incubated mouse peritoneal macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages differentiated by 7-day culture with oxidized low-density lipoprotein in the presence/absence of teneligliptin (10 nmol/L) for 18 hours. We observed remarkable suppression of foam cell formation by teneligliptin treatment ex vivo in macrophages isolated from diabetic db/db mice (32%) and T2D patients (38%); this effect was accompanied by a reduction of CD36 (db/db mice, 43%; T2D patients, 46%) and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) gene expression levels (db/db mice, 47%; T2D patients, 45%). Molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are associated with downregulation of CD36 and ACAT-1 by teneligliptin. The suppressive effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor on foam cell formation in T2D is conserved across species and is worth studying to elucidate its potential as an intervention for antiatherogenesis in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michishige Terasaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munenori Hiromura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kohashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Kushima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Koshibu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Saito
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Yashima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hirano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Joshi S, Kar S, Kavdia M. Computational analysis of interactions of oxidative stress and tetrahydrobiopterin reveals instability in eNOS coupling. Microvasc Res 2017; 114:114-128. [PMID: 28729163 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases, an increase in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction has been reported. There is a reduction in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), which is a cofactor for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), resulting in eNOS uncoupling. Studies of the enhancement of BH4 availability have reported mixed results for improvement in endothelial dysfunction. Our understanding of the complex interactions of eNOS uncoupling, oxidative stress and BH4 availability is not complete and a quantitative understanding of these interactions is required. In the present study, we developed a computational model for eNOS uncoupling that considers the temporal changes in biopterin ratio in the oxidative stress conditions. Using the model, we studied the effects of cellular oxidative stress (Qsupcell) representing the non-eNOS based oxidative stress sources and BH4 synthesis (QBH4) on eNOS NO production and biopterin ratio (BH4/total biopterins (TBP)). Model results showed that oxidative stress levels from 0.01 to 1nM·s-1 did not affect eNOS NO production and eNOS remained in coupled state. When the Qsupcell increased above 1nM·s-1, the eNOS coupling and NO production transitioned to an oscillatory state. Oxidative stress levels dynamically changed the biopterin ratio. When Qsupcell increased from 1 to 100nM·s-1, the endothelial cell NO production, TBP levels and biopterin ratio reduced significantly from 26.5 to 2nM·s-1, 3.75 to 0.002μM and 0.99 to 0.25, respectively. For an increase in BH4 synthesis, the improvement in NO production rate and BH4 levels were dependent on the extent of cellular oxidative stress. However, a 10-fold increase in QBH4 at higher oxidative stresses did not restore the NO-production rate and the biopterin ratio. Our mechanistic analysis reveals that a combination of enhancing tetrahydrobiopterin level with a reduction in cellular oxidative stress may result in significant improvement in endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Saptarshi Kar
- Engineering Computational Biology Group, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mahendra Kavdia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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27
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Yan FX, Li HM, Li SX, He SH, Dai WP, Li Y, Wang TT, Shi MM, Yuan HX, Xu Z, Zhou JG, Ning DS, Mo ZW, Ou ZJ, Ou JS. The oxidized phospholipid POVPC impairs endothelial function and vasodilation via uncoupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 112:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Lowe FJ, Luettich K, Talikka M, Hoang V, Haswell LE, Hoeng J, Gaca MD. Development of an Adverse Outcome Pathway for the Onset of Hypertension by Oxidative Stress-Mediated Perturbation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Bioavailability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frazer J. Lowe
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Group Research and Development, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Marja Talikka
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Vy Hoang
- Selventa, One Alewife Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Linsey E. Haswell
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Group Research and Development, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Marianna D. Gaca
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Group Research and Development, Southampton, United Kingdom
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29
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Aldiss P, Davies G, Woods R, Budge H, Sacks HS, Symonds ME. 'Browning' the cardiac and peri-vascular adipose tissues to modulate cardiovascular risk. Int J Cardiol 2016; 228:265-274. [PMID: 27865196 PMCID: PMC5236060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Excess visceral adiposity, in particular that located adjacent to the heart and coronary arteries is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In the pathophysiological state, dysfunctional adipose tissue secretes an array of factors modulating vascular function and driving atherogenesis. Conversely, brown and beige adipose tissues utilise glucose and lipids to generate heat and are associated with improved cardiometabolic health. The cardiac and thoracic perivascular adipose tissues are now understood to be composed of brown adipose tissue in the healthy state and undergo a brown-to-white transition i.e. during obesity which may be a driving factor of cardiovascular disease. In this review we discuss the risks of excess cardiac and vascular adiposity and potential mechanisms by which restoring the brown phenotype i.e. “re-browning” could potentially be achieved in clinically relevant populations. Epicardial, paracardial and thoracic perivascular adipose tissues resemble BAT at birth. Despite ‘whitening’ in early life these depots remain metabolically active and potentially thermogenic into adulthood. Obesity induces further ‘whitening’ and inflammation in these depots likely driving the atherogenesis. Maintaining or inducing the brown phenotype in these depots could prevent atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Aldiss
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH
| | - Graeme Davies
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH
| | - Rachel Woods
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH
| | - Helen Budge
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH
| | - Harold S Sacks
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, and Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Michael E Symonds
- The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH.
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Ou ZJ, Chen J, Dai WP, Liu X, Yang YK, Li Y, Lin ZB, Wang TT, Wu YY, Su DH, Cheng TP, Wang ZP, Tao J, Ou JS. 25-Hydroxycholesterol impairs endothelial function and vasodilation by uncoupling and inhibiting endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E781-E790. [PMID: 27600825 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00218.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a key early step in atherosclerosis. 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC) is found in atherosclerotic lesions. However, whether 25-OHC promotes atherosclerosis is unclear. Here, we hypothesized that 25-OHC, a proinflammatory lipid, can impair endothelial function, which may play an important role in atherosclerosis. Bovine aortic endothelial cells were incubated with 25-OHC. Endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation were measured. Nitric oxide (NO) production and superoxide anion generation were determined. The expression and phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and Akt as well as the association of eNOS and heat shock protein (HSP)90 were detected by immunoblot analysis and immunoprecipitation. Endothelial cell apoptosis was monitored by TUNEL staining and caspase-3 activity, and expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 were detected by immunoblot analysis. Finally, aortic rings from Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and treated with 25-OHC, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation was evaluated. 25-OHC significantly inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. 25-OHC markedly decreased NO production and increased superoxide anion generation. 25-OHC reduced the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS and the association of eNOS and HSP90. 25-OHC also enhanced endothelial cell apoptosis by decreasing Bcl-2 expression and increasing cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 expressions as well as caspase-3 activity. 25-OHC impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. These data demonstrated that 25-OHC could impair endothelial function by uncoupling and inhibiting eNOS activity as well as by inducing endothelial cell apoptosis. Our findings indicate that 25-OHC may play an important role in regulating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Ou
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Wei-Ping Dai
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Xiang Liu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Yin-Ke Yang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Ze-Bang Lin
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Ying-Ying Wu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Dan-Hong Su
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Tian-Pu Cheng
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Zhi-Ping Wang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Jun Tao
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Jing-Song Ou
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; National and Guangdong Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China
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Hashimoto T, Sivakumaran V, Carnicer R, Zhu G, Hahn VS, Bedja D, Recalde A, Duglan D, Channon KM, Casadei B, Kass DA. Tetrahydrobiopterin Protects Against Hypertrophic Heart Disease Independent of Myocardial Nitric Oxide Synthase Coupling. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003208. [PMID: 27001967 PMCID: PMC4943286 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide synthase uncoupling occurs under conditions of oxidative stress modifying the enzyme's function so it generates superoxide rather than nitric oxide. Nitric oxide synthase uncoupling occurs with chronic pressure overload, and both are ameliorated by exogenous tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-a cofactor required for normal nitric oxide synthase function-supporting a pathophysiological link. Genetically augmenting BH4 synthesis in endothelial cells fails to replicate this benefit, indicating that other cell types dominate the effects of exogenous BH4 administration. We tested whether the primary cellular target of BH4 is the cardiomyocyte or whether other novel mechanisms are invoked. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (mGCH1) and wild-type littermates underwent transverse aortic constriction. The mGCH1 mice had markedly increased myocardial BH4 and, unlike wild type, maintained nitric oxide synthase coupling after transverse aortic constriction; however, the transverse aortic constriction-induced abnormalities in cardiac morphology and function were similar in both groups. In contrast, exogenous BH4 supplementation improved transverse aortic constricted hearts in both groups, suppressed multiple inflammatory cytokines, and attenuated infiltration of inflammatory macrophages into the heart early after transverse aortic constriction. CONCLUSIONS BH4 protection against adverse remodeling in hypertrophic cardiac disease is not driven by its prevention of myocardial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling, as presumed previously. Instead, benefits from exogenous BH4 are mediated by a protective effect coupled to suppression of inflammatory pathways and myocardial macrophage infiltration.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Biopterins/analogs & derivatives
- Biopterins/pharmacology
- Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytoprotection
- Disease Models, Animal
- GTP Cyclohydrolase/genetics
- GTP Cyclohydrolase/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/enzymology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Signal Transduction
- Superoxides/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/enzymology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hashimoto
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vidhya Sivakumaran
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Guangshuo Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Virginia S Hahn
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Djahida Bedja
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alice Recalde
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Drew Duglan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Casadei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
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32
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Isoflurane favorably modulates guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Anesthesiology 2015; 123:582-9. [PMID: 26192027 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors investigated the hypothesis that isoflurane modulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and protection against myocardial infarction through time-dependent changes in expression of key NO regulatory proteins, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase (GTPCH)-1, the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). METHODS Myocardial infarct size, NO production (ozone-mediated chemiluminescence), GTPCH-1, and eNOS expression (real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting) were measured in male Wistar rats with or without anesthetic preconditioning (APC; 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration isoflurane for 30 min) and in the presence or absence of an inhibitor of GTPCH-1, 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine. RESULTS NO2 production (158 ± 16 and 150 ± 13 pmol/mg protein at baseline in control and APC groups, respectively) was significantly (P < 0.05) increased 1.5 ± 0.1 and 1.4 ± 0.1 fold by APC (n = 4) at 60 and 90 min of reperfusion, respectively, concomitantly, with increased expression of GTPCH-1 (1.3 ± 0.3 fold; n = 5) and eNOS (1.3 ± 0.2 fold; n = 5). In contrast, total NO (NO2 and NO3) was decreased after reperfusion in control experiments. Myocardial infarct size was decreased (43 ± 2% of the area at risk for infarction; n = 6) by APC compared with control experiments (57 ± 1%; n = 6). 2, 4-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine decreased total NO production at baseline (221 ± 25 and 175 ± 31 pmol/mg protein at baseline in control and APC groups, respectively), abolished isoflurane-induced increases in NO at reperfusion, and prevented reductions of myocardial infarct size by APC (60 ± 2%; n = 6). CONCLUSION APC favorably modulated a NO biosynthetic pathway by up-regulating GTPCH-1 and eNOS, and this action contributed to protection of myocardium against ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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33
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article compares the effects of initiating three contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens on progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) over 3 years. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial. SETTING Multicenter (26 institutions). PATIENTS ART-naive HIV-infected individuals (n = 328) without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus. INTERVENTION Random assignment to tenofovir/emtricitabine along with atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r), darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r), or raltegravir (RAL). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Right-sided carotid IMT was evaluated by B-mode ultrasonography before ART initiation, and then after 48, 96, and 144 weeks. Comparisons of yearly rates of change in carotid IMT used mixed-effects linear regression models that permitted not only evaluation of the effects of ART on carotid IMT progression but also how ART-associated changes in traditional risk factors, bilirubin, and markers of HIV infection were associated carotid IMT progression. RESULTS HIV-1 RNA suppression rates were high in all arms (>85%) over 144 weeks. Modest increases in triglycerides and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were observed in the protease inhibitor-containing arms compared with decreases with RAL. In contrast, carotid IMT progressed more slowly on ATV/r [8.2, 95% confidence interval (5.6, 10.8) μm/year] than DRV/r [12.9 (10.3, 15.5) μm/year, P = 0.013]; changes with RAL were intermediate [10.7 (9.2, 12.2) μm/year, P = 0.15 vs. ATV/r; P = 0.31 vs. DRV/r]. Bilirubin and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels appeared to influence carotid IMT progression rates. CONCLUSION In ART-naive HIV-infected individuals at low cardiovascular disease risk, carotid IMT progressed more slowly in participants initiating ATV/r than those initiating DRV/r, with intermediate changes associated with RAL. This effect may be due, in part, to hyperbilirubinemia.
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von Rossum A, Laher I, Choy JC. Immune-mediated vascular injury and dysfunction in transplant arteriosclerosis. Front Immunol 2015; 5:684. [PMID: 25628623 PMCID: PMC4290675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation is the only treatment for end-stage organ failure but this life-saving procedure is limited by immune-mediated rejection of most grafts. Blood vessels within transplanted organs are targeted by the immune system and the resultant vascular damage is a main contributor to acute and chronic graft failure. The vasculature is a unique tissue with specific immunological properties. This review discusses the interactions of the immune system with blood vessels in transplanted organs and how these interactions lead to the development of transplant arteriosclerosis, a leading cause of heart transplant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna von Rossum
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, BC , Canada
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Jonathan C Choy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, BC , Canada
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35
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Mencacci NE, Pittman AM, Isaias IU, Hardy J, Klebe S, Bhatia KP, Wood NW. Reply: Parkinson's disease in GTP cyclohydrolase 1 mutation carriers. Brain 2014; 138:e352. [PMID: 25398234 PMCID: PMC4407186 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Niccolo E Mencacci
- 1 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK 2 IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience - Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Centre, Universita` degli Studi di Milano, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Alan M Pittman
- 1 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK 3 Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ioannis U Isaias
- 4 Department of Neurology, University Hospital, 97080 Würzburg, Germany 5 Parkinson Institute, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - John Hardy
- 1 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK 3 Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Stephan Klebe
- 4 Department of Neurology, University Hospital, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- 6 Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- 1 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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Ryan BJ, Crabtree MJ, Channon KM, Wade-Martins R. Parkinson's disease in GTP cyclohydrolase 1 mutation carriers. Brain 2014; 138:e348. [PMID: 25398233 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brent J Ryan
- 1 Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- 1 Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- 1 Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK 1 Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- 1 Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
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Ma S, Ma CCH. Recent developments in the effects of nitric oxide-donating statins on cardiovascular disease through regulation of tetrahydrobiopterin and nitric oxide. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 63:63-70. [PMID: 25139660 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the importance of nitric oxide (NO) to the human body three decades ago, numerous laboratory and clinical studies have been done to explore its potential therapeutic actions on many organs. In the cardiovascular system, NO works as a volatile signaling molecule regulating the vascular permeability and vascular tone, preventing thrombosis and inflammation, as well as inhibiting the smooth muscle hyperplasia. Thus, NO is important in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. NO is synthesized by NO synthase (NOS) with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) as the crucial cofactor. Many studies have been done to form nitric oxide donors so as to deliver NO directly to the vessel walls. In addition, NO moieties have been incorporated into existing therapeutic agents to enhance the NO bioavailability, including statins. Statins are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme (HMG-CoA), the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. By inhibiting this pathway, statins lower blood cholesterol and exert their pleiotropic effects through activity in reaction cascades, such as Rho/ROCK and Rac 1/NADPH oxidase pathways. Statins have also been observed to implement their non-lipid effects by promoting BH4 synthesis with increase of NO bioavailability. Furthermore, NO-donating statins in laboratory studies have demonstrated to produce better therapeutic effects than their parent's drugs. They offer better anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and antithrombotic actions on cardiovascular system. They also cause better revascularization in peripheral ischemia and produce greater enhancement in limb reperfusion and salvage. In addition, it has been shown that NO-donating statin caused less myotoxicity, the most common side effect related to treatment with statins. The initial studies have demonstrated the superior therapeutic effects of NO-donating statins while producing fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Ma
- Hong Kong Baptist Hospital, Hong Kong; National University Ireland, Ireland; Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, Ireland
| | - Christopher Cheng-Hwa Ma
- NHS Dumfries & Galloway, GMC 7411692, United Kingdom; King's College London School of Medicine, United Kingdom.
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38
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Antonopoulos AS, Margaritis M, Coutinho P, Digby J, Patel R, Psarros C, Ntusi N, Karamitsos TD, Lee R, De Silva R, Petrou M, Sayeed R, Demosthenous M, Bakogiannis C, Wordsworth PB, Tousoulis D, Neubauer S, Channon KM, Antoniades C. Reciprocal Effects of Systemic Inflammation and Brain Natriuretic Peptide on Adiponectin Biosynthesis in Adipose Tissue of Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2151-9. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
To explore the role of systemic inflammation in the regulation of adiponectin levels in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Approach and Results—
In a cross-sectional study of 575 subjects, serum adiponectin was compared between healthy subjects, patients with coronary artery disease with no/mild/severe heart failure (HF), and patients with nonischemic HF. Adiponectin expression and release from femoral, subcutaneous and thoracic adipose tissue was determined in 258 additional patients with coronary artery bypass grafting. Responsiveness of the various human adipose tissue depots to interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was examined by using ex vivo models of human fat. The effects of inducible low-grade inflammation were tested by using the model of
Salmonella typhi
vaccine-induced inflammation in healthy individuals. In the cross-sectional study, HF strikingly increased adiponectin levels. Plasma BNP was the strongest predictor of circulating adiponectin and its release from all adipose tissue depots in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting, even in the absence of HF. Femoral AT was the depot with the least macrophages infiltration and the largest adipocyte cell size and the only responsive to systemic and ex vivo proinflammatory stimulation (effect reversible by BNP). Low-grade inflammation reduced circulating adiponectin levels, while circulating BNP remained unchanged.
Conclusions—
This study demonstrates the regional variability in the responsiveness of human adipose tissue to systemic inflammation and suggests that BNP (not systemic inflammation) is the main driver of circulating adiponectin in patients with advanced atherosclerosis even in the absence of HF. Any interpretation of circulating adiponectin as a biomarker should take into account the underlying disease state, background inflammation, and BNP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios S. Antonopoulos
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Marios Margaritis
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Patricia Coutinho
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Janet Digby
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Rikhil Patel
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Constantinos Psarros
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Ntobeko Ntusi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Theodoros D. Karamitsos
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Regent Lee
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Ravi De Silva
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Mario Petrou
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Rana Sayeed
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Michael Demosthenous
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Constantinos Bakogiannis
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Paul B. Wordsworth
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Keith M. Channon
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
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Underlying inflammation has no impact on the oxidative stress response to acute mental stress. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 40:182-90. [PMID: 24675034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental stress is considered to be a trigger for acute myocardial infarction (MI), with inflammation thought to provide a mechanism. Inflammation is reciprocally linked to oxidative stress, which has also been implicated in MI. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of experimentally-induced inflammation on the oxidative stress response to mental stress in healthy participants. METHODS Healthy males undertook one of two inflammatory stimuli: typhoid vaccination (Vaccination paradigm, N=17) or eccentric exercise (Eccentric exercise paradigm, N=17). All participants completed a mental arithmetic stress task twice (within-subject design): 6h after the inflammatory stimulus, and during a control non-inflammation condition. Blood samples were taken before, immediately and 30min after the stress task. Plasma was assessed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), protein carbonyls (PC), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx). RESULTS Vaccination paradigm: IL-6, PC and NOx were significantly higher in the vaccination condition, relative to the control condition (p<.05). PC, TAC, LOOH and NOx were unchanged in response to mental stress in both the vaccination and control conditions. Eccentric Exercise paradigm: IL-6 and TAC were significantly higher in the eccentric exercise condition (p<.05), relative to the control condition. PC, TAC and NOx were unchanged in response to mental stress in both the eccentric exercise and control conditions. CONCLUSIONS Two different inflammatory paradigms were successful in increasing selective plasma markers of inflammation and oxidative stress prior to a mental stress task. However, experimentally induced transient inflammation had no impact on mental stress-induced changes in plasma LOOH, PC, TAC or NOx in young healthy participants.
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Bendall JK, Douglas G, McNeill E, Channon KM, Crabtree MJ. Tetrahydrobiopterin in cardiovascular health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:3040-77. [PMID: 24294830 PMCID: PMC4038990 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) functions as a cofactor for several important enzyme systems, and considerable evidence implicates BH4 as a key regulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the setting of cardiovascular health and disease. BH4 bioavailability is determined by a balance of enzymatic de novo synthesis and recycling, versus degradation in the setting of oxidative stress. Augmenting vascular BH4 levels by pharmacological supplementation has been shown in experimental studies to enhance NO bioavailability. However, it has become more apparent that the role of BH4 in other enzymatic pathways, including other NOS isoforms and the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, may have a bearing on important aspects of vascular homeostasis, inflammation, and cardiac function. This article reviews the role of BH4 in cardiovascular development and homeostasis, as well as in pathophysiological processes such as endothelial and vascular dysfunction, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and cardiac hypertrophy. We discuss the therapeutic potential of BH4 in cardiovascular disease states and attempt to address how this modulator of intracellular NO-redox balance may ultimately provide a powerful new treatment for many cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Bendall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford , John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Lorin J, Zeller M, Guilland JC, Cottin Y, Vergely C, Rochette L. Arginine and nitric oxide synthase: regulatory mechanisms and cardiovascular aspects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:101-16. [PMID: 23740826 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
L-Arginine (L-Arg) is a conditionally essential amino acid in the human diet. The most common dietary sources of L-Arg are meat, poultry and fish. L-Arg is the precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO); a key signaling molecule via NO synthase (NOS). Endogenous NOS inhibitors such as asymmetric-dimethyl-L-Arg inhibit NO synthesis in vivo by competing with L-Arg at the active site of NOS. In addition, NOS possesses the ability to be "uncoupled" to produce superoxide anion instead of NO. Reduced NO bioavailability may play an essential role in cardiovascular pathologies and metabolic diseases. L-Arg deficiency syndromes in humans involve endothelial inflammation and immune dysfunctions. Exogenous administration of L-Arg restores NO bioavailability, but it has not been possible to demonstrate, that L-Arg supplementation improved endothelial function in cardiovascular disease such as heart failure or hypertension. L-Arg supplementation may be a novel therapy for obesity and metabolic syndrome. The utility of l-Arg supplementation in the treatment of L-Arg deficiency syndromes remains to be established. Clinical trials need to continue to determine the optimal concentrations and combinations of L-Arg, with other protective compounds such as tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4 ), and antioxidants to combat oxidative stress that drives down NO production in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lorin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologies Cardio-Métaboliques (LPPCM), Inserm UMR866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Dai Y, Wang X, Ding Z, Dai D, Mehta JL. DPP-4 inhibitors repress foam cell formation by inhibiting scavenger receptors through protein kinase C pathway. Acta Diabetol 2014; 51:471-8. [PMID: 24363097 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-013-0541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studies show that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors may have an anti-atherosclerotic effect. Since foam cells are key components of atherosclerotic plaque, we studied the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on foam cell formation. Foam cell formation was studied by treatment of THP-1 macrophages with oxidized low-density lipoprotein in the absence or presence of DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin and NVPDPP728). The expression of scavenger receptors SRA, CD36 and LOX-1 was measured, and their role in foam cell formation in the presence of DPP-4 inhibitors was examined. In additional studies, role of protein kinase C and A in the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors was examined. Foam cell formation was markedly reduced by both DPP-4 inhibitors, as was the expression of CD36 and LOX-1 (CD36 ≫ LOX-1), but not SRA. Simultaneously, there was a reduction in phosphorylated PKC, but not PKA, content. Recovery of phosphorylated PKC following treatment of cells negated the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on foam cell formation. Further, overexpression of CD36 or LOX-1 blocked the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on foam cell formation. DPP-4 inhibitors repress foam cell formation through the inhibition of SRs CD36 and LOX-1, most likely via the inhibition of PKC activity. This study provides novel insights into the mechanism of inhibition of atherosclerosis by DPP-4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Guzik B, Sagan A, Ludew D, Mrowiecki W, Chwała M, Bujak-Gizycka B, Filip G, Grudzien G, Kapelak B, Żmudka K, Mrowiecki T, Sadowski J, Korbut R, Guzik TJ. Mechanisms of oxidative stress in human aortic aneurysms--association with clinical risk factors for atherosclerosis and disease severity. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:2389-96. [PMID: 23506637 PMCID: PMC3819986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aortic abdominal aneurysms (AAA) are important causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress may link multiple mechanisms of AAA including vascular inflammation and increased metalloproteinase activity. However, the mechanisms of vascular free radical production remain unknown. Accordingly, we aimed to determine sources and molecular regulation of vascular superoxide (O2(-)) production in human AAA. METHODS AND RESULTS AAA segments and matched non-dilated aortic samples were obtained from 40 subjects undergoing AAA repair. MDA levels (determined by HPLC/MS) were greater in plasma of AAA subjects (n=16) than in risk factor matched controls (n=16). Similarly, superoxide production, measured by lucigenin chemiluminescence and dihydroethidium fluorescence, was increased in aneurysmatic segments compared to non-dilated aortic specimens. NADPH oxidases and iNOS are the primary sources of O2(-) in AAA. Xanthine oxidase, mitochondrial oxidases and cyclooxygenase inhibition had minor or no effect. Protein kinase C inhibition had no effect on superoxide production in AAA. NADPH oxidase subunit mRNA levels for p22phox, nox2 and nox5 were significantly increased in AAAs while nox4 mRNA expression was lower. Superoxide production was higher in subjects with increased AAA repair risk Vanzetto score and was significantly associated with smoking, hypercholesterolemia and presence of CAD in AAA cohort. Basal superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity were correlated to aneurysm size. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression and activity of NADPH oxidases are important mechanisms underlying oxidative stress in human aortic abdominal aneurysm. Uncoupled iNOS may link oxidative stress to inflammation in AAA. Oxidative stress is related to aneurysm size and major clinical risk factors in AAA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Guzik
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sagan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Dominik Ludew
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Chwała
- Department of Vascular Surgery, J. Grande Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Beata Bujak-Gizycka
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Filip
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Grudzien
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Kapelak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Żmudka
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mrowiecki
- Department of Vascular Surgery, J. Grande Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sadowski
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Korbut
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz J. Guzik
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
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Morrell NW, Archer SL, Defelice A, Evans S, Fiszman M, Martin T, Saulnier M, Rabinovitch M, Schermuly R, Stewart D, Truebel H, Walker G, Stenmark KR. Anticipated classes of new medications and molecular targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2013; 3:226-44. [PMID: 23662201 PMCID: PMC3641734 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.109940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a life-limiting condition with a major impact on the ability to lead a normal life. Although existing therapies may improve the outlook in some patients there remains a major unmet need to develop more effective therapies in this condition. There have been significant advances in our understanding of the genetic, cell and molecular basis of PAH over the last few years. This research has identified important new targets that could be explored as potential therapies for PAH. In this review we discuss whether further exploitation of vasoactive agents could bring additional benefits over existing approaches. Approaches to enhance smooth muscle cell apotosis and the potential of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition are summarised. We evaluate the role of inflammation, epigenetic changes and altered glycolytic metabolism as potential targets for therapy, and whether inherited genetic mutations in PAH have revealed druggable targets. The potential of cell based therapies and gene therapy are also discussed. Potential candidate pathways that could be explored in the context of experimental medicine are identified.
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Paine NJ, Ring C, Aldred S, Bosch JA, Wadley AJ, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS. Eccentric-exercise induced inflammation attenuates the vascular responses to mental stress. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 30:133-42. [PMID: 23376168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental stress has been identified as a trigger of myocardial infarction (MI), with inflammation and vascular responses to mental stress independently implicated as contributing factors. This study examined whether inflammation moderates the vascular responses to mental stress. Eighteen healthy male participants completed a stress task under two counter balanced conditions. In the exercise condition, a morning bout of eccentric exercise (12×5 repetitions of unilateral eccentric knee extension at 120% intensity of concentric one repetition maximum) was used to increase levels of inflammatory-responsive cytokines during an afternoon stress session scheduled 6h later. In the control condition, participants sat and relaxed for 45min, 6h prior to the afternoon stress session. Forearm blood flow, calf blood flow (measured in the leg which completed the exercise task), blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output were assessed at rest and in response to mental stress. As expected, interleukin-6 was higher (p=.02) 6h post exercise, i.e., at the start of the stress session, as compared to the no-exercise control condition. Mental stress increased forearm blood flow, calf blood flow, blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output in both conditions (p's<.001). Stress-induced calf blood flow was attenuated in the exercise condition compared to the control condition (p<.05) which was not the case for forearm blood flow. This study found that the inflammatory response to eccentric exercise attenuated the vascular responses to mental stress locally at the site of eccentric exercise-induced inflammation. The observed impairment in vascular responses to stress associated with increased levels of inflammation suggests a mechanism through which inflammation might increase the risk for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Paine NJ, Ring C, Bosch JA, Drayson MT, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS. The time course of the inflammatory response to the Salmonella typhi vaccination. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 30:73-9. [PMID: 23333431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Salmonella typhi vaccination induces transient increases in inflammatory-responsive cytokines and molecules. For instance, it causes small, mild increases in interleukin-6 (IL-6) within a few hours and C-reactive protein (CRP) within 24h. No study has charted either the time course of the inflammatory response to this vaccine or any associated changes in mood, physical symptoms, and cardiac function. In a blinded crossover experimental design, eight participants received the S. typhi vaccine (vaccination condition) and a saline (control condition) injection on two separate days, at least one week apart. Blood samples and mood ratings were collected at 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 24h post-injection, physical symptoms and pain were assessed at 4-8 and 24h post-injection, and cardiovascular function was recorded until 8h post-injection. Repeated measures analyses of variance and polynomial trend analyses compared the timecourse of the response patterns between the two conditions. Whereas there were no temporal changes in the control condition, the vaccination increased granulocytes, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP (all p's<.05). Specifically, the granulocytes, IL-6 and TNF-α peaked after 6-8h while CRP peaked after 24h. This vaccine-induced mild inflammatory response was not accompanied by any changes in mood or cardiovascular activity. We also found that participants tended to report more pain in the injected limb in the vaccination condition (p<.07). In sum, our study charted the timecourse of key inflammatory-responsive markers following S. typhi vaccination and identified the timing of their modest peaks. It is worth noting that changes in these markers were not accompanied by any notable changes in mood or cardiovascular activity, and thus the S. typhi vaccination is a suitable method to induce increases in inflammatory-responsive markers, without altering mood or cardiovascular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Jae SY, Yoon ES, Jung SJ, Jung SG, Park SH, Kim BS, Heffernan KS, Fernhall B. Effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on acute inflammation induced increases in arterial stiffness in older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 113:2159-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Poitras VJ, Pyke KE. The impact of acute mental stress on vascular endothelial function: evidence, mechanisms and importance. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 88:124-35. [PMID: 23562766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a principle cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and it has a complex etiology that involves lifestyle factors such as psychosocial stress. Recent evidence suggests that temporary impairments in vascular endothelial cell function may contribute to the relationship between stress and cardiovascular disease. Indeed, impaired endothelial function has been observed to occur transiently (lasting up to 1.5h) following mental stress, and such periods of impairment could accumulate to become clinically relevant over the long term. The finding of acute stress induced endothelial dysfunction is not universal however, and both physiological (e.g. sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity), and methodological factors contribute to the conflicting results. A clear understanding of the interaction between stress response activation and endothelial function is critical to elucidating the complexities of the relationship between psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review is: 1) to briefly describe the importance of vascular endothelial function and how it is assessed, 2) to review the literature investigating the impact of acute mental stress on endothelial function in humans, identifying factors that may explain contradictory results, and 3) to summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms that may mediate an acute mental stress-endothelial function interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica J Poitras
- Queen's University School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, 28 Division St. Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Miller JD, Chu Y, Castaneda LE, Serrano KM, Brooks RM, Heistad DD. Vascular function during prolonged progression and regression of atherosclerosis in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:459-65. [PMID: 23307875 PMCID: PMC3960951 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.252700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction is associated with atherosclerosis in mice, but it is difficult to reduce cholesterol levels enough to study regression of atherosclerosis in genetically modified mice. The goal of this study was to examine vascular structure and function before and after reducing elevated plasma lipid levels with a genetic switch in Reversa mice, and identify novel mechanisms contributing to structural and functional improvements in the vasculature after reduction of blood lipids. METHODS AND RESULTS After 6 months of hypercholesterolemia, endothelial function (maximum relaxation to acetylcholine) in aorta was impaired and responses to nitric oxide were unaffected. Further impairment in endothelial function was observed after 12 months of hypercholesterolemia and was associated with reductions in sensitivity to nitric oxide. Expression of dihydrofolate reductase was reduced at 6 and 12 months, and addition of the tetrahydrobiopterin precursor sepiapterin significantly improved endothelial function. Reducing cholesterol levels at 6 months normalized dihydrofolate reductase expression and prevented further impairment in endothelial function. Similar functional changes were observed after 12 months of hypercholesterolemia followed by 2 months of lipid lowering. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that endothelial dysfunction after prolonged hypercholesterolemia is the result of both impairment of sensitivity to nitric oxide and reduced nitric oxide synthase cofactor bioavailability. Both of these changes can be prevented by normalizing blood lipids during moderately severe or advanced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Miller
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
| | | | - Lauren E. Castaneda
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
| | - Kristine M. Serrano
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
| | - Robert M. Brooks
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
| | - Donald D. Heistad
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
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Therapeutic approach in the improvement of endothelial dysfunction: the current state of the art. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:252158. [PMID: 23509696 PMCID: PMC3581156 DOI: 10.1155/2013/252158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium has a central role in the regulation of blood flow through continuous modulation of vascular tone. This is primarily accomplished by balanced release of endothelial relaxing and contractile factors. The healthy endothelial cells are essential for maintenance of vascular homeostasis involving antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-fibrinolytic, anti-adhesive, or anticoagulant effects. Oppositely, endothelial dysfunction is primarily characterized by impaired regulation of vascular tone as a result of reduced endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity, lack of cofactors for NO synthesis, attenuated NO release, or increased NO degradation. So far, the pharmacological approach in improving/reversal of endothelial dysfunction was shown to be beneficial in clinical trials that have investigated actions of different cardiovascular drugs. The aim of this paper was to summarize some of the latest clinical findings related to therapeutic possibilities for improving endothelial dysfunction in different pathological conditions. In the majority of presented clinical investigations, the assessment of improvement or reversal of endothelial dysfunction was performed through the flow-mediated dilatation measurement, and in some of those endothelial progenitor cells' count was used for the same purpose. Still, given the fast and continuous development of this field, the evidence acquisition included the MEDLINE data base screening and the selection of articles published between 2010 and 2012.
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