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Gibson CM, Duffy D, Korjian S, Bahit MC, Chi G, Alexander JH, Lincoff AM, Heise M, Tricoci P, Deckelbaum LI, Mears SJ, Nicolau JC, Lopes RD, Merkely B, Lewis BS, Cornel JH, Trebacz J, Parkhomenko A, Libby P, Sacks FM, Povsic TJ, Bonaca M, Goodman SG, Bhatt DL, Tendera M, Steg PG, Ridker PM, Aylward P, Kastelein JJP, Bode C, Mahaffey KW, Nicholls SJ, Pocock SJ, Mehran R, Harrington RA. Apolipoprotein A1 Infusions and Cardiovascular Outcomes after Acute Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1560-1571. [PMID: 38587254 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2400969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular events frequently recur after acute myocardial infarction, and low cholesterol efflux - a process mediated by apolipoprotein A1, which is the main protein in high-density lipoprotein - has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. CSL112 is human apolipoprotein A1 derived from plasma that increases cholesterol efflux capacity. Whether infusions of CSL112 can reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction is unclear. METHODS We conducted an international, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving patients with acute myocardial infarction, multivessel coronary artery disease, and additional cardiovascular risk factors. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either four weekly infusions of 6 g of CSL112 or matching placebo, with the first infusion administered within 5 days after the first medical contact for the acute myocardial infarction. The primary end point was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes from randomization through 90 days of follow-up. RESULTS A total of 18,219 patients were included in the trial (9112 in the CSL112 group and 9107 in the placebo group). There was no significant difference between the groups in the risk of a primary end-point event at 90 days of follow-up (439 patients [4.8%] in the CSL112 group vs. 472 patients [5.2%] in the placebo group; hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81 to 1.05; P = 0.24), at 180 days of follow-up (622 patients [6.9%] vs. 683 patients [7.6%]; hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.01), or at 365 days of follow-up (885 patients [9.8%] vs. 944 patients [10.5%]; hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.02). The percentage of patients with adverse events was similar in the two groups; a higher number of hypersensitivity events was reported in the CSL112 group. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with acute myocardial infarction, multivessel coronary artery disease, and additional cardiovascular risk factors, four weekly infusions of CSL112 did not result in a lower risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo through 90 days. (Funded by CSL Behring; AEGIS-II ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03473223.).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Michael Gibson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Danielle Duffy
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Serge Korjian
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - M Cecilia Bahit
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Gerald Chi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - John H Alexander
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - A Michael Lincoff
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Mark Heise
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Pierluigi Tricoci
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Lawrence I Deckelbaum
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Sojaita Jenny Mears
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Jose C Nicolau
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Renato D Lopes
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Bela Merkely
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Basil S Lewis
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Jan H Cornel
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Jaroslaw Trebacz
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Alexander Parkhomenko
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Peter Libby
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Frank M Sacks
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Thomas J Povsic
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Marc Bonaca
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Shaun G Goodman
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Michal Tendera
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - P Gabriel Steg
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Paul M Ridker
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Philip Aylward
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - John J P Kastelein
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Christoph Bode
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Kenneth W Mahaffey
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Roxana Mehran
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
| | - Robert A Harrington
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (C.M.G., S.K., G.C.), and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (P.L.), and the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital (F.M.S.), Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (F.M.S.) - all in Boston; CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (D.D., M.H., P.T., L.I.D., S.J.M.); INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Health, Durham, NC (J.H.A., R.D.L., T.J.P.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (A.M.L.); Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (J.C.N.), and the Brazilian Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Sao Paulo; the Heart and Vascular Center of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (B.S.L.); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen and Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar (J.H.C.), and the University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (J.J.P.K.) - both in the Netherlands; Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawła II, Krakow (J.T.), and the Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M.T.) - both in Poland; the National Scientific Center, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.B.); the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto - all in Canada (S.G.G.); Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital (D.L.B.) and Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Weill Cornell Medicine (R.A.H.) - both in New York; Université Paris-Cité, INSERM Unité 1148, FACT and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute/SAHMRI, Adelaide, SA (P.A.), and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (S.J.N.) - both in Australia; the Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.B.); Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London (S.J.P.)
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