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Shi G, Huang M, Pei Y, Huang P, Wen C, Shentu J, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Zhong Y, Wang L, Chen H. Quantification of 3-Dimensional Confluence-Atrial Morphology in Supracardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection. JACC. ASIA 2024; 4:594-606. [PMID: 39156514 PMCID: PMC11328765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) continues to be a major complication after surgical repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). Recent studies suggest that the morphology of pulmonary venous confluence and the left atrium (LA) is associated with PVS. However, there are limited data on the prognostic value of integrating quantitative confluence-atrial morphology into risk stratification. Objectives This study sought to evaluate the prognostic impact of novel imaging metrics derived from 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography angiography (CTA) modeling on postsurgical PVS (PPVS) in the supracardiac TAPVC (sTAPVC) setting. Methods Patients undergoing sTAPVC repair in 2017 to 2022 from 3 centers were retrospectively reviewed. Study investigators developed 3D CTA modeled geometric features to quantify confluence-atrial morphology that were analyzed with regard to PPVS. Results Of the 162 patients (median age 61 days; 55% having preoperative pulmonary venous obstruction [prePVO]) included, 47 (29%) with PPVS at a median of 1.5 months ([quartile 1-quartile 3: 1.5-3.0 months]). In the univariable analysis, the indexed total volume of the LA and confluence (iTVLC) and the ratio of the corresponding confluence length to the mean distance between the LA and confluence (CCL/mDBLC ratio) were significantly associated with PPVS. In a multivariable model adjusting for prePVO and age, the iTVLC and CCL/mDBLC ratio independently predicted PPVS (HR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06-1.25; and HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08-1.35, respectively, all P < 0.01). Specifically, an iTVLC ≥20 cm3/m2 and a CCL/mDBLC ratio ≥7.7 were significantly associated with a reduced risk of PPVS. Conclusions Quantification of 3D confluence-atrial morphology appears to offer a deeper and better metric to predict PPVS in patients with sTAPVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiping Huang
- Department of Catheterization Laboratory, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchen Pei
- Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children’s Hospital Changsha, China
| | - Chen Wen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Shentu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqun Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumin Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hubesch G, Dewachter C, Chomette L, Hupkens E, Jespers P, Vegh G, Doppler M, Sheikh Mohammad U, Thiriard A, Remmelink M, Vachiéry J, McEntee K, Dewachter L. Early Alteration of Right Ventricle-Pulmonary Artery Coupling in Experimental Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032201. [PMID: 38780193 PMCID: PMC11255620 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction are major prognostic determinants in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The underlying pathomechanisms remain unknown. In this context, we sought to study the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and RV dysfunction in a rat model of obesity-associated HFpEF. METHODS AND RESULTS HFpEF was induced in obesity-prone rats fed a high-fat diet (n=13) and compared with obesity-resistant rats fed with standard chow (n=9). After 12 months, the animals underwent echocardiographic and hemodynamic evaluation followed by tissue sampling for pathobiological assessment. HFpEF rats presented mild RV pressure overload (with increased RV systolic pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance). No changes in pulmonary artery medial thickness and ex vivo vasoreactivity (to acetylcholine and endothelin-1) were observed and RNA sequencing analysis failed to identify gene clustering in HFpEF lungs. However, released nitric oxide levels were decreased in HFpEF pulmonary artery, while lung expression of preproendothelin-1 was increased. In HFpEF rats, RV structure and function were altered, with RV enlargement, decreased RV fractional area change and free wall longitudinal fractional shortening, together with altered right ventricle-pulmonary artery coupling (estimated by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/systolic pulmonary artery pressure). Hypertrophy and apoptosis (evaluated by transferase biotin- dUTP nick-end labeling staining) were increased in right and left ventricles of HFpEF rats. There was an inverse correlation between tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/systolic pulmonary artery pressure and RV apoptotic rate. Plasma levels of soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2, interleukin-1β, -6 and -17A were increased in HFpEF rats. CONCLUSIONS Obesity-associated HFpEF in rats spontaneously evolves to pulmonary hypertension-HFpEF associated with impaired right ventricle-pulmonary artery coupling that appears disproportionate to a slight increase in RV afterload.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Stroke Volume/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/etiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/genetics
- Male
- Ventricular Function, Right/physiology
- Rats
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Hubesch
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Céline Dewachter
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
- Department of CardiologyH.U.B.—Hôpital ErasmeBrusselsBelgium
| | - Laura Chomette
- Department of CardiologyH.U.B.—Hôpital ErasmeBrusselsBelgium
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Faculty of MedicineUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Emeline Hupkens
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Pascale Jespers
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Grégory Vegh
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Mathilde Doppler
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Umair Sheikh Mohammad
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Anaïs Thiriard
- Institute for Medical Immunology, and ULB‐Center for Research in ImmunologyUniversité Libre de BruxellesCharleroiBelgium
| | | | | | - Kathleen McEntee
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Laurence Dewachter
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
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Aradhyula V, Vyas R, Dube P, Haller ST, Gupta R, Maddipati KR, Kennedy DJ, Khouri SJ. Novel insights into the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1498-H1514. [PMID: 38639739 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00068.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) worldwide and is strongly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The American Heart Association recently highlighted a call to action regarding the distinct lack of evidence-based treatments for PH due to poorly understood pathophysiology of PH attributable to HFpEF (PH-HFpEF). Prior studies have described cardiophysiological mechanisms to explain the development of isolated postcapillary PH (ipc-PH); however, the consequent increase in pulmonary vascular (PV) resistance (PVR) may lead to the less understood and more fatal combined pre- and postcapillary PH (cpc-PH). Metabolic disease and inflammatory dysregulation have been suggested to predispose PH, yet the molecular mechanisms are unknown. Although PH-HFpEF has been studied to partly share vasoactive neurohormonal mediators with primary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), clinical trials that have targeted these pathways have been unsuccessful. The increased mortality of patients with PH-HFpEF necessitates further study into viable mechanistic targets involved in disease progression. We aim to summarize the current pathophysiological and clinical understanding of PH-HFpEF, highlight the role of known molecular mechanisms in the progression of PV disease, and introduce a novel concept that lipid metabolism may be attenuating and propagating PH-HFpEF.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our review addresses pulmonary hypertension (PH) attributable to heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; PH-HFpEF). Current knowledge gaps in PH-HFpEF pathophysiology have led to a lack of therapeutic targets. Thus, we address identified knowledge gaps in a comprehensive review, focusing on current clinical epidemiology, known pathophysiology, and previously studied molecular mechanisms. We also introduce a comprehensive review of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) lipid inflammatory mediators in PH-HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Aradhyula
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Rohit Vyas
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipidomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - David J Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Samer J Khouri
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, United States
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Li R, Song M, Wang R, Su N, E L. Can CT-Based Arterial and Venous Morphological Markers of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Explain Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling? Acad Radiol 2024; 31:22-34. [PMID: 37248100 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES We analyzed changes in quantitative pulmonary artery and vein parameters to investigate pulmonary vascular remodeling characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study recruited healthy volunteers and COPD patients. Participants undergoing standard-of-care pulmonary function testing (PFT) and computed tomography (CT) evaluations were classified into five groups: normal and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades 1-4. Artery and vein analyses (volumes, numbers, densities, and fractions) were performed using artificial intelligence. RESULTS Among 139 subjects (136 men; mean age, 64years±8 [SD]) with GOLD grade 1 (n = 13), grade 2 (n = 49), grade 3 (n = 42), grade 4 (n = 17) and control subjects (n = 18) enrolled, differences in arterial volumes (BV5-10, BV10+, pulmonary arterial volume) and venous densities (BV5 density, BV10+ density, pulmonary venous density, pulmonary venous branch density) among control and GOLD grades 1-4 were statistically significant (P < .05). Higher pulmonary arterial volumes and lower number were observed with more advanced COPD. The number and volumes of pulmonary veins were lower in GOLD grades 2 and 3 than in GOLD grade 1 but higher in GOLD grade 4 than in GOLD grade 3. The numbers and volumes of pulmonary arteries and veins showed varying positive correlations (γ = 0.18-0.96, P < .05). Pulmonary vascular densities were mildly to moderately correlated with PFT results (γ = 0.236-0.495, P < .05) and were moderately negatively correlated with the emphysema percentage (γ = -0.591 to -0.315, P < .05). CONCLUSION Patients with COPD exhibited pulmonary vascular remodeling, which occurred in the arteries at the early grade of COPD and in the veins at the late grade. CT-based quantitative analysis of pulmonary vasculature may become an imaging marker for early diagnosis and assessment of COPD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China (R.L., M.S., R.W., N.S.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (R.L., M.S., R.W., N.S.)
| | - Mengyi Song
- Department of Radiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China (R.L., M.S., R.W., N.S.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (R.L., M.S., R.W., N.S.)
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China (R.L., M.S., R.W., N.S.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (R.L., M.S., R.W., N.S.)
| | - Ningling Su
- Department of Radiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China (R.L., M.S., R.W., N.S.); Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (R.L., M.S., R.W., N.S.)
| | - Linning E
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Longhua, No. 38 Jinglong Construction Rd, Shenzhen 518109, China (L.E).
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Synn AJ, Harder EM, Nardelli P, Ross JC, Maron BA, Leopold JA, Waxman AB, San José Estépar R, Washko GR, Rahaghi FN. Automated CT-Based Quantification of Pulmonary Veins Shows Greater Central Venous Dilation in Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension Compared With Group 1 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Control Subjects. CHEST PULMONARY 2023; 1:100020. [PMID: 38144213 PMCID: PMC10745213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chpulm.2023.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Synn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (A. J. S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (E. M. H., A. B. W., G. R. W., and F. N. R.), Department of Radiology (P. N., J. C. R., and R. S. J. E.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J. A. L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and the Department of Medicine (B. A. M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing (B. A. M.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Eileen M Harder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (A. J. S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (E. M. H., A. B. W., G. R. W., and F. N. R.), Department of Radiology (P. N., J. C. R., and R. S. J. E.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J. A. L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and the Department of Medicine (B. A. M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing (B. A. M.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Pietro Nardelli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (A. J. S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (E. M. H., A. B. W., G. R. W., and F. N. R.), Department of Radiology (P. N., J. C. R., and R. S. J. E.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J. A. L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and the Department of Medicine (B. A. M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing (B. A. M.), Bethesda, MD
| | - James C Ross
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (A. J. S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (E. M. H., A. B. W., G. R. W., and F. N. R.), Department of Radiology (P. N., J. C. R., and R. S. J. E.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J. A. L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and the Department of Medicine (B. A. M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing (B. A. M.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Bradley A Maron
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (A. J. S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (E. M. H., A. B. W., G. R. W., and F. N. R.), Department of Radiology (P. N., J. C. R., and R. S. J. E.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J. A. L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and the Department of Medicine (B. A. M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing (B. A. M.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Jane A Leopold
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (A. J. S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (E. M. H., A. B. W., G. R. W., and F. N. R.), Department of Radiology (P. N., J. C. R., and R. S. J. E.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J. A. L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and the Department of Medicine (B. A. M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing (B. A. M.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Aaron B Waxman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (A. J. S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (E. M. H., A. B. W., G. R. W., and F. N. R.), Department of Radiology (P. N., J. C. R., and R. S. J. E.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J. A. L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and the Department of Medicine (B. A. M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing (B. A. M.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Raúl San José Estépar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (A. J. S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (E. M. H., A. B. W., G. R. W., and F. N. R.), Department of Radiology (P. N., J. C. R., and R. S. J. E.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J. A. L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and the Department of Medicine (B. A. M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing (B. A. M.), Bethesda, MD
| | - George R Washko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (A. J. S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (E. M. H., A. B. W., G. R. W., and F. N. R.), Department of Radiology (P. N., J. C. R., and R. S. J. E.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J. A. L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and the Department of Medicine (B. A. M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing (B. A. M.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Farbod N Rahaghi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (A. J. S.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (E. M. H., A. B. W., G. R. W., and F. N. R.), Department of Radiology (P. N., J. C. R., and R. S. J. E.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J. A. L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; and the Department of Medicine (B. A. M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing (B. A. M.), Bethesda, MD
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Shi G, Zhu F, Wen C, Yan Y, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Chen H. Cardiac-type total anomalous pulmonary venous return is not benign. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 165:449-459.e4. [PMID: 35570017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the association between morphological variation and postsurgical pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis (PPVS) in patients with cardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). METHODS This single-center, retrospective study included 168 pediatric patients who underwent surgical repair of cardiac TAPVC from 2013 to 2019 (connection to the coronary sinus [CS], n = 136; connection directly to the right atrium [RA], n = 32). Three-dimensional computed tomography modeling and geometric analysis were performed to investigate the morphological features; their relevance to the PPVS was examined. RESULTS The connection type had no association with PPVS (CS type: 18% vs right atrial type: 19%; P = .89) but there was a higher incidence of PPVS in patients with a single PV orifice than > 1 orifice (P < .001). Confluence-to-total PV area ratio (hazard ratio, 4.78, 95% CI, 1.86-12.32; P = .001) and length of drainage route (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14-1.31; P < .001) had a 4- and 1-fold increase in the risk for PPVS in the CS type after adjustment for age and preoperative pulmonary venous obstruction. In the right atrial type, those with anomalous PV return to the RA roof were more likely to develop PPVS than to the posterior wall of the RA (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The number of inter-junction PV orifice correlated with PPVS development in cardiac TAPVC. The confluence-to-total PV ratio, length of drainage route, and anomalous PV return to the RA roof are important predictors for PPVS. Morphological subcategorization in this clinical setting can potentially assist in surgical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Shi
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wen
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Yan
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqun Zhu
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Congenital Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Endothelial mechanosensing: A forgotten target to treat vascular remodeling in hypertension? Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Omote K, Sorimachi H, Obokata M, Reddy YNV, Verbrugge FH, Omar M, DuBrock HM, Redfield MM, Borlaug BA. Pulmonary vascular disease in pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease: pathophysiologic implications. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3417-3431. [PMID: 35796488 PMCID: PMC9794188 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) are common and associated with adverse outcomes in left heart disease (LHD). This study sought to characterize the pathophysiology of PVD across the spectrum of PH in LHD. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with PH-LHD [mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure >20 mmHg and PA wedge pressure (PAWP) ≥15 mmHg] and controls free of PH or LHD underwent invasive haemodynamic exercise testing with simultaneous echocardiography, expired air and blood gas analysis, and lung ultrasound in a prospective study. Patients with PH-LHD were divided into isolated post-capillary PH (IpcPH) and PVD [combined post- and pre-capillary PH (CpcPH)] based upon pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR <3.0 or ≥3.0 WU). As compared with controls (n = 69) and IpcPH-LHD (n = 55), participants with CpcPH-LHD (n = 40) displayed poorer left atrial function and more severe right ventricular (RV) dysfunction at rest. With exercise, patients with CpcPH-LHD displayed similar PAWP to IpcPH-LHD, but more severe RV-PA uncoupling, greater ventricular interaction, and more severe impairments in cardiac output, O2 delivery, and peak O2 consumption. Despite higher PVR, participants with CpcPH developed more severe lung congestion compared with both IpcPH-LHD and controls, which was associated lower arterial O2 tension, reduced alveolar ventilation, decreased pulmonary O2 diffusion, and greater ventilation-perfusion mismatch. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary vascular disease in LHD is associated with a distinct pathophysiologic signature marked by greater exercise-induced lung congestion, arterial hypoxaemia, RV-PA uncoupling, ventricular interdependence, and impairment in O2 delivery, impairing aerobic capacity. Further study is required to identify novel treatments targeting the pulmonary vasculature in PH-LHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Omote
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hidemi Sorimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yogesh N V Reddy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Frederik H Verbrugge
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Brussels, Jette, Belgium
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Massar Omar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hilary M DuBrock
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Margaret M Redfield
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Ovchinnikov A, Potekhina A, Belyavskiy E, Ageev F. Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Pulmonary Hypertension: Focus on Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081024. [PMID: 36015172 PMCID: PMC9414416 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). A chronic increase in mean left atrial pressure leads to passive remodeling in pulmonary veins and capillaries and modest PH (isolated postcapillary PH, Ipc-PH) and is not associated with significant right ventricular dysfunction. In approximately 20% of patients with HFpEF, "precapillary" alterations of pulmonary vasculature occur with the development of the combined pre- and post-capillary PH (Cpc-PH), pertaining to a poor prognosis. Current data indicate that pulmonary vasculopathy may be at least partially reversible and thus serves as a therapeutic target in HFpEF. Pulmonary vascular targeted therapies, including phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, may have a valuable role in the management of patients with PH-HFpEF. In studies of Cpc-PH and HFpEF, PDE type 5 inhibitors were effective in long-term follow-up, decreasing pulmonary artery pressure and improving RV contractility, whereas studies of Ipc-PH did not show any benefit. Randomized trials are essential to elucidate the actual value of PDE inhibition in selected patients with PH-HFpEF, especially in those with invasively confirmed Cpc-PH who are most likely to benefit from such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Ovchinnikov
- Out-Patient Department, Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 3-d Cherepkovskaya St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Clinical Functional Diagnostics, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya St., 20, p. 1, 127473 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(495)-414-66-12 or +7-(916)-505-79-58; Fax: +7-(495)-414-66-12
| | - Alexandra Potekhina
- Out-Patient Department, Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 3-d Cherepkovskaya St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Belyavskiy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fail Ageev
- Out-Patient Department, Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 3-d Cherepkovskaya St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Sakarin S, Rungsipipat A, Surachetpong SD. Expression of apoptotic proteins in the pulmonary artery of dogs with pulmonary hypertension secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease. Res Vet Sci 2022; 145:238-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Structural and Hemodynamic Changes of the Right Ventricle in PH-HFpEF. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094554. [PMID: 35562945 PMCID: PMC9103781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important diagnostic challenges in clinical practice is the distinction between pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to primitive pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and PH due to left heart diseases. Both conditions share some common characteristics and pathophysiological pathways, making the two processes similar in several aspects. Their diagnostic differentiation is based on hemodynamic data on right heart catheterization, cardiac structural modifications, and therapeutic response. More specifically, PH secondary to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) shares features with type 1 PH (PAH), especially when the combined pre- and post-capillary form (CpcPH) takes place in advanced stages of the disease. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a common consequence related to worse prognosis and lower survival. This condition has recently been identified with a new classification based on clinical signs and progression markers. The role and prevalence of PH and RV dysfunction in HFpEF remain poorly identified, with wide variability in the literature reported from the largest clinical trials. Different parenchymal and vascular alterations affect the two diseases. Capillaries and arteriole vasoconstriction, vascular obliteration, and pulmonary blood fluid redistribution from the basal to the apical district are typical manifestations of type 1 PH. Conversely, PH related to HFpEF is primarily due to an increase of venules/capillaries parietal fibrosis, extracellular matrix deposition, and myocyte hypertrophy with a secondary “arteriolarization” of the vessels. Since the development of structural changes and the therapeutic target substantially differ, a better understanding of pathobiological processes underneath PH-HFpEF, and the identification of potential maladaptive RV mechanisms with an appropriate diagnostic tool, become mandatory in order to distinguish and manage these two similar forms of pulmonary hypertension.
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12
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Liu R, Xu J, Jiang Y, Hong W, Li S, Fu Z, Cao W, Li B, Ran P, Peng G. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB induces pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells proliferation by upregulating calcium sensing receptor under hypoxic conditions. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:189-201. [PMID: 33927476 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, which exists in both pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins. Pulmonary vascular remodeling stems from excessive proliferation of pulmonary vascular myocytes. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is a vital vascular regulator whose level increases in PH human lungs. Although the mechanisms by which pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells respond to PDGF-BB have been studied extensively, the effects of PDGF-BB on pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs) remain unknown. We herein examined the involvement of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in PDGF-BB-induced PVSMCs proliferation under hypoxic conditions. In PVSMCs isolated from rat intrapulmonary veins, PDGF-BB increased the cell number and DNA synthesis under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, which was accompanied by upregulated CaSR expression. The influences of PDGF-BB on proliferation and CaSR expression in hypoxic PVSMCs were greater than that in normoxic PVSMCs. In hypoxic PVSMCs superfused with Ca2+-free solution, restoration of extracellular Ca2+ induced an increase of [Ca2+]i, which was significantly smaller than that in PDGF-BB-treated hypoxic PVSMCs. The positive CaSR modulator spermine enhanced, whereas the negative CaSR modulator NPS2143 attenuated, the extracellular Ca2+-induced [Ca2+]i increase in PDGF-BB-treated hypoxic PVSMCs. Furthermore, the spermine enhanced, whereas the NPS2143 inhibited, PDGF-BB-induced proliferation in hypoxic PVSMCs. Silencing CaSR with siRNA attenuated the extracellular Ca2+-induced [Ca2+]i increase in PDGF-BB-treated hypoxic PVSMCs and inhibited PDGF-BB-induced proliferation in hypoxic PVSMCs. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that CaSR mediating PDGF-BB-induced excessive PVSMCs proliferation is an important mechanism involved in the initiation and progression of PVSMCs proliferation under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmin Liu
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Juan Xu
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Hong
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoxing Li
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Zhenli Fu
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Weitao Cao
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Bing Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Gongyong Peng
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120 China
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13
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Zhou XL, Huang FJ, Li Y, Huang H, Wu QC. SEDT2/METTL14-mediated m6A methylation awakening contributes to hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7538-7548. [PMID: 33658391 PMCID: PMC7993666 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease whose molecular mechanism is unknown. The trimethylation of lysine 36 on histone 3 (H3K36me3) catalyzed by SETD2 and the modification of N6-methyladenine (m6A) mRNA mediated by METTL14 play important roles in a variety of normal and pathological biological processes. However, the role of these epigenetic controls in the pathogenesis of PAH remains unclear. In this study, the expression of SETD2 and METTL14 was elevated in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of hypoxia-induced PAH mice. We further constructed a mouse model with SETD2 specific knockout in smooth muscle cells (SETD2SM22α Cre). Our results suggest that the lack of SETD2 in SMCs protected mice from hypoxia-induced PAH and significantly reduced right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular/left ventricular plus septum [RV/(LV+S)] weight ratio, and pulmonary median width. In addition, the absence of SETD2 in SMCs alleviates the level of METTL14 expression and the m6A RNA methylation level in PAH SMCs. These results obtained from mice suggest that strategies that target the inhibition of SETD2/METTL14 activity may be a viable treatment for PAH in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Liang Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng-Jian Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi-Cai Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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Steffes LC, Froistad AA, Andruska A, Boehm M, McGlynn M, Zhang F, Zhang W, Hou D, Tian X, Miquerol L, Nadeau K, Metzger RJ, Spiekerkoetter E, Kumar ME. A Notch3-Marked Subpopulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is the Cell of Origin for Occlusive Pulmonary Vascular Lesions. Circulation 2020; 142:1545-1561. [PMID: 32794408 PMCID: PMC7578108 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.045750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease characterized by profound vascular remodeling in which pulmonary arteries narrow because of medial thickening and occlusion by neointimal lesions, resulting in elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart failure. Therapies targeting the neointima would represent a significant advance in PAH treatment; however, our understanding of the cellular events driving neointima formation, and the molecular pathways that control them, remains limited. METHODS We comprehensively map the stepwise remodeling of pulmonary arteries in a robust, chronic inflammatory mouse model of pulmonary hypertension. This model demonstrates pathological features of the human disease, including increased right ventricular pressures, medial thickening, neointimal lesion formation, elastin breakdown, increased anastomosis within the bronchial circulation, and perivascular inflammation. Using genetic lineage tracing, clonal analysis, multiplexed in situ hybridization, immunostaining, deep confocal imaging, and staged pharmacological inhibition, we define the cell behaviors underlying each stage of vascular remodeling and identify a pathway required for neointima formation. RESULTS Neointima arises from smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and not endothelium. Medial SMCs proliferate broadly to thicken the media, after which a small number of SMCs are selected to establish the neointima. These neointimal founder cells subsequently undergoing massive clonal expansion to form occlusive neointimal lesions. The normal pulmonary artery SMC population is heterogeneous, and we identify a Notch3-marked minority subset of SMCs as the major neointimal cell of origin. Notch signaling is specifically required for the selection of neointimal founder cells, and Notch inhibition significantly improves pulmonary artery pressure in animals with pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS This work describes the first nongenetically driven murine model of pulmonary hypertension (PH) that generates robust and diffuse occlusive neointimal lesions across the pulmonary vascular bed and does so in a stereotyped timeframe. We uncover distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying medial thickening and neointima formation and highlight novel transcriptional, behavioral, and pathogenic heterogeneity within pulmonary artery SMCs. In this model, inflammation is sufficient to generate characteristic vascular pathologies and physiological measures of human PAH. We hope that identifying the molecular cues regulating each stage of vascular remodeling will open new avenues for therapeutic advancements in the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea C Steffes
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (L.C.S., R.J.M., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Research (L.C.S., F.Z., R.J.M., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Alexis A Froistad
- Sean N. Parker Center for Asthma and Allergy Research (A.A.F., M.M., W.Z., D.H., K.N., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Adam Andruska
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Mario Boehm
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (M.B.)
| | - Madeleine McGlynn
- Sean N. Parker Center for Asthma and Allergy Research (A.A.F., M.M., W.Z., D.H., K.N., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Research (L.C.S., F.Z., R.J.M., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Sean N. Parker Center for Asthma and Allergy Research (A.A.F., M.M., W.Z., D.H., K.N., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - David Hou
- Sean N. Parker Center for Asthma and Allergy Research (A.A.F., M.M., W.Z., D.H., K.N., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Lucile Miquerol
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie du Developpement de Marseille, Marseille, France (L.M.)
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Asthma and Allergy Research (A.A.F., M.M., W.Z., D.H., K.N., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Ross J Metzger
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Research (L.C.S., F.Z., R.J.M., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Maya E Kumar
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (L.C.S., R.J.M., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Research (L.C.S., F.Z., R.J.M., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Sean N. Parker Center for Asthma and Allergy Research (A.A.F., M.M., W.Z., D.H., K.N., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (A.A.F., A.A., M.B., M.M., D.H., X.T., K.N., E.S., M.E.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
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A novel function of calcium sensing receptor in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells proliferation. Hypertens Res 2019; 43:271-280. [PMID: 31853041 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia (CH) causes remodeling not only in pulmonary arteries but also in pulmonary veins. Pulmonary vascular remodeling stems from increased pulmonary vascular myocyte proliferation. However, the pathogenesis of CH-induced proliferation of pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs) remains unknown. The present study aimed to explore the mechanisms by which CH affects PVSMCs proliferation. PVSMCs were isolated from rat distal pulmonary veins and exposed to CH (4% O2 for 60 h). The expression of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) was determined by immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting, CCK-8 assay, and BrdU incorporation. Apoptosis analysis was examined by flow cytometry. In rat distal PVSMCs, CH increased the cell number and cell viability and enhanced DNA synthesis, which is accompanied by upregulated mRNA and protein expression levels of CaSR. Two negative CaSR modulators (NPS2143, NPS2390) not only attenuated CH-induced CaSR upregulation but also inhibited CH-induced increases in cell number, cell viability and the proliferation index of PVSMCs, whereas two positive modulators (spermine, R568) not only amplified CH-induced CaSR upregulation but also intensified CH-induced increases in cell number, cell viability and the proliferation index of PVSMCs. Silencing CaSR with siRNA similarly attenuated the CH-induced enhancement of cell number, cell viability and DNA synthesis in PVSMCs. Neither CH nor downregulation of CaSR with siRNA had an effect on apoptosis in PVSMCs. These results suggest that CaSR mediating excessive proliferation is a new pathogenic mechanism involved in the initiation and progression of distal PVSMCs proliferation under CH conditions.
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