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Bondi CD, Hartman HL, Rush BM, Tan RJ. Podocyte-Specific Deletion of MCP-1 Fails to Protect against Angiotensin II- or Adriamycin-Induced Glomerular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4987. [PMID: 38732210 PMCID: PMC11084322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the role of podocytes in proteinuric disease is imperative to address the increasing global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Studies strongly implicate increased levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) in proteinuric CKD. Since podocytes express the receptor for MCP-1 (i.e., CCR2), we hypothesized that podocyte-specific MCP-1 production in response to stimuli could activate its receptor in an autocrine manner, leading to further podocyte injury. To test this hypothesis, we generated podocyte-specific MCP-1 knockout mice (Podo-Mcp-1fl/fl) and exposed them to proteinuric injury induced by either angiotensin II (Ang II; 1.5 mg/kg/d, osmotic minipump) or Adriamycin (Adr; 18 mg/kg, intravenous bolus). At baseline, there were no between-group differences in body weight, histology, albuminuria, and podocyte markers. After 28 days, there were no between-group differences in survival, change in body weight, albuminuria, kidney function, glomerular injury, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The lack of protection in the knockout mice suggests that podocyte-specific MCP-1 production is not a major contributor to either Ang II- or Adr-induced glomerular disease, implicating that another cell type is the source of pathogenic MCP-1 production in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corry D. Bondi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 152671, USA; (H.L.H.); (B.M.R.); (R.J.T.)
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2
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Hu H, Hu L, Deng Z, Jiang Q. A prognostic nomogram for recurrence survival in post-surgical patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5486. [PMID: 38448552 PMCID: PMC10918178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Varicose veins of the lower extremities (VVLEs) are prevalent globally. This study aims to identify prognostic factors and develop a prediction model for recurrence survival (RS) in VVLEs patients after surgery. A retrospective analysis of VVLEs patients from the Third Hospital of Nanchang was conducted between April 2017 and March 2022. A LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) regression model pinpointed significant recurrence predictors, culminating in a prognostic nomogram. The model's performance was evaluated by C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The LASSO regression identified seven predictors for the nomogram predicting 1-, 2-, and 5-year RS. These predictors were age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, the Clinical Etiological Anatomical Pathophysiological (CEAP) grade, iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS), and postoperative compression stocking duration (PCSD). The nomogram's C-index was 0.716, with AUCs (Area Under the Curve scores) of 0.705, 0.725, and 0.758 for 1-, 2-, and 5-year RS, respectively. Calibration and decision curve analyses validated the model's predictive accuracy and clinical utility. Kaplan-Meier analysis distinguished between low and high-risk groups with significant prognostic differences (P < 0.05). This study has successfully developed and validated a nomogram for predicting RS in patients with VVLEs after surgery, enhancing personalized care and informing clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, No. 2, Xiangshan South Road, Xihu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lili Hu
- Department of pediatrics, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Ziqing Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, No. 2, Xiangshan South Road, Xihu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qihua Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, No. 2, Xiangshan South Road, Xihu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China.
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3
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Ma S, Xu J, Zheng Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Li H, Fang Z, Li J. Qian Yang Yu Yin granule improves hypertensive renal damage: A potential role for TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR-mediated autophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115878. [PMID: 36341814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qian Yang Yu Yin granules (QYYYG) have a long history in the treatment of hypertensive renal damage (HRD) in China. Clinical studies have found that QYYYG stabilizes blood pressure and prevents early renal damage. However, the exact mechanism is not entirely clear. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the therapeutic effect and further explore the therapeutic mechanism of QYYYG against HRD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy of QYYYG in treating HRD was assessed in spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). Renal autophagy and the TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK pathway in rats were evaluated. The regulatory role of QYYYG in angiotensin II (Ang II) induced abnormal autophagy in rat podocytes was determined by detecting autophagy-related proteins, intracellular Ca2+ content, and the TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR pathway expressions. Finally, we established a stable rat podocyte cell line overexpressing TRPC6 and used the cells to verify the regulatory effects of QYYYG. RESULTS QYYYG alleviated HRD and reversed the abnormal expression of autophagy-related genes in the SHR. In vitro, QYYYG protected against Ang II-induced podocyte damage. Furthermore, treatment of podocytes with QYYYG reversed Ang II-induced autophagy and inhibited Ang II-stimulated TRPC6 activation, Ca2+ influx and activation CaMKKβ-AMPK pathway. Overexpression of TRPC6 resulted in pronounced activation of CaMKKβ, AMPK, and autophagy induction in rat podocytes, which were significantly attenuated by QYYYG. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that QYYYG may exert its HRD protective effects in part by regulating the abnormal autophagy of podocytes through the TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Junyao Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yawei Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haitao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhuyuan Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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4
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Zhang Y, Gao W, Ren R, Liu Y, Li B, Wang A, Tang X, Yan L, Luo Z, Qin G, Chen L, Wan Q, Gao Z, Wang W, Ning G, Mu Y. Body roundness index is related to the low estimated glomerular filtration rate in Chinese population: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1148662. [PMID: 37056676 PMCID: PMC10086436 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney disease is related to visceral obesity. As a new indicator of obesity, body roundness index (BRI) has not been fully revealed with kidney disease. This study's objective is to assess the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and BRI among the Chinese population. METHODS This study enrolled 36,784 members over the age of 40, they were from 7 centers in China by using a random sampling method. BRI was computed using height and waist circumference, eGFR ≤ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 was considered to indicate low eGFR. To lessen bias, propensity score matching was employed, multiple logistic regression models were utilized to examine the connection between low eGFR and BRI. RESULTS The age, diabetes and coronary heart disease rates, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides were all greater in participants with low eGFR. The BRI quartile was still positively connected with low eGFR after controlling for confounding variables, according to multivariate logistic regression analysis. (OR [95%CI] Q2:1.052 [1.021-1.091], OR [95%CI] Q3:1.189 [1.062-1.284], OR [95%CI] Q4:1.283 [1.181-1.394], P trend < 0.001). Stratified research revealed that the elders, women, habitual smokers, and those with a history of diabetes or hypertension experienced the connection between BRI level and low eGFR. According to ROC, BRI was able to detect low eGFR more accurately. CONCLUSION Low eGFR in the Chinese community is positively connected with BRI, which has the potential to be used as an effective indicator for screening kidney disease to identify high-risk groups and take appropriate measures to prevent subsequent complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Clinical Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxing Gao
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Clinical Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Clinical Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Binqi Li
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Anping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Clinical Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Yan
- Zhongshan University Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengnan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Clinical Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yiming Mu,
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Dahl Salt-Resistant Rat Is Protected against Hypertension during Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183843. [PMID: 36145220 PMCID: PMC9506364 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) frequently causes obesity-induced hypertension. Because Dahl salt-resistant rats are protected against hypertension after high-salt or high-fructose intake, it is of interest whether this model also protects against hypertension after diet-induced obesity. We tested the hypothesis that Dahl salt-resistant rat protects against hypertension during diet-induced obesity. Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) and Dahl salt-resistant (SR) rats were fed a HFD (60% fat) or a chow diet (CD; 8% fat) for 12 weeks. We measured blood pressure using the tail-cuff method. The paraffin sections of thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT) were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and trichrome. The expression of genes in the tPVAT and kidneys were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The HFD induced hypertension in SS (p < 0.01) but not SR rats, although it increased body weight gain (p < 0.05) and tPVAT weight (p < 0.01) in both rats. The HFD did not affect the expression of genes related to any of the adipocyte markers in both rats, although SR rats had reduced beige adipocyte marker Tmem26 levels (p < 0.01) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin (p < 0.05) as compared with SS rat. The HFD did not affect the mRNA expression of contractile factors in the tPVAT of SS and SR rats. SR rats are protected against hypertension during diet-induced obesity. This result implies that the genetic trait determining salt sensitivity may also determine fructose and fat sensitivity and that it is associated with the prevention of hypertension.
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Yun HR, Kim HW, Chang TI, Kang EW, Joo YS, Nam KH, Kim H, Park JT, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Han SH. Increased Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease Associated With Weight Gain in Healthy Adults: Insight From Metabolic Profiles and Body Composition. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:705881. [PMID: 34650992 PMCID: PMC8508617 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.705881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obesity is an established risk factor for kidney damage. In this study, we explored the long-term association of changes in body mass index (BMI) over time with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: For this analysis, 5,393 middle-aged adults without comorbidities in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) were included. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to determine the patterns of BMI change (decreasing, stable, and increasing BMI) between baseline and year 4. The primary outcome was the subsequent development of CKD from year 4. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to determine the risk of incident CKD according to BMI trajectories. Results: During 55,327 person-years, incident CKD occurred in 354 (6.5%) participants; 6.0, 6.1, and 7.8 per 1,000 person-years across the trajectories, respectively (P = 0.005). In the multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, the increasing BMI trajectory was associated with a 1.4-fold [hazard ratio (HR), 1.41; 95% CI, 1.06–1.87] a higher risk of incident CKD compared with stable BMI trajectory. This association was stronger for overweight and obese individuals. The HRs for CKD development in these two groups were 1.6 (95% CI, 1.06–1.87) and 2.2 (95% CI, 1.40–3.48), respectively. While the increasing BMI group was gaining weight, there were concomitant increases in blood pressure, insulin resistance, serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and fat mass, but high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level and muscle-to-fat (MF) ratio decreased. Conclusion: Weight gain is associated with an increased risk of incident CKD in healthy adults. This association is attributed to worsening metabolic profiles and increasing fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ryong Yun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Ik Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Medical Center, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Ea Wha Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Su Joo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Heon Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoungnae Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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7
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Cai H, Zhan Y, Lu J, Zhu M, Liu S, Mei J, Zhang P, Liu R, Ni Z, Zhang W, Xu G. Body mass index combined with waist circumference can predict moderate chronic kidney disease: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25017. [PMID: 33761657 PMCID: PMC9282074 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity may be associated with poor clinical outcome, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, whether body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC) are related to CKD is yet to be elucidated.A total of 7593 adults were divided into 4 groups based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) quartile. The eGFR was calculated with the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration. Multiple linear regression analyzed the association between eGFR and WHR, BMI, and WC. Logistic regression analysis determined whether the CKD patients were associated with WHR, BMI, and WC after adjusting for other variables.The mean age of the cohort was 72.34 ± 7.30 years. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that WC (P = .006) was associated with eGFR, although adjusted by lifestyle factor and biochemical indicators. The individuals in the underweight, overweight, and obese groups had significantly lower eGFR value than those in the healthy weight group in moderate CKD. The eGFR in the overweight group with WHR ≤0.894 was higher than in the healthy weight group with WHR >0.894 group (P = .036). Overweight with WHR ≤0.894 group had a longer WC with a pronounced increase in the hip circumference. Logistic regression analysis showed that the WC (OR = 1.362, P < .001) and BMI (OR = 1.227, P = .031) were independent risk factors for moderate CKD patients. Each standard deviation (SD) of high BMI and WC level was associated with 23.0% and 17.3% higher odds of moderate CKD (OR = 1.230, P = .017 and OR = 1.173, P = .021, respectively).WC is an independent risk factor for eGFR. Combined BMI and WC are important factors that would predict moderate CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Yaping Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Jiayue Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Minxia Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Shang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Jiuhong Mei
- Department of General Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Yingbo Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Yingbo Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghui Liu
- Department of General Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Yingbo Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Weiming Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Gaojie Xu
- Department of General Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Yingbo Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
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8
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de Castro IC, Pequito DCT, Borghetti G, Yamaguchi AA, de Brito GAP, Yamazaki RK, Pôrto LCJ, Coimbra TM, Fernandes LC, Fernandez R. Obesity-like metabolic effects of high-carbohydrate or high-fat diets consumption in metabolic and renal functions. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 129:810-820. [PMID: 33502908 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1874019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Present study investigated which diet, high-carbohydrate (HCD) or high-fat (HFD), most effectively induces classical characteristics of obesity in mice. Mice were fed commercial chow (control), an HCD, or an HFD for 12 weeks. HFD and HCD increased body weight, fat mass, and glycaemia, whereas the HFD augmented insulinemia. In the kidney, the HFD caused albuminuria, and reductions in fractional Na+ excretion, Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) excretion, and urinary flow, whereas the HCD reduced glomerular filtration, plasma osmolality, and TXB2 and Prostaglandin E2 excretion. The consumption of HFD and HCD modified parameters that indicate histopathological changes, such as proliferation (proliferating-cell-nuclear antigen), inflammation (c-Jun N-terminal-protein), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (vimentin, and desmin) in renal tissue, but the HCD group presents fewer signals of glomerular hypertrophy or tubule degeneration. In summary, the HCD generated the metabolic and renal changes required for an obesity model, but with a delay in the development of these modifications concerning the HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gina Borghetti
- Biodiversity Studies Centre, Federal University of Roraima (UFRR), Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Adriana Aya Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Terezila Machado Coimbra
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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9
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Cartland SP, Tamer N, Patil MS, Di Bartolo BA, Kavurma MM. A "Western Diet" promotes symptoms of hepatic steatosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 101:152-161. [PMID: 32783310 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic hypertension, characterized by elevated blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hypertension also associates with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is becoming common due to a modern diet and lifestyle. The aim of the present study was to examine whether a high-fat "Western" diet had effects on hypertension and associated NAFLD. Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were placed on a normal chow or high-fat diet for 8 weeks; blood pressure was measured fortnightly and body weight recorded weekly. As expected, SHR had elevated blood pressure compared to WKY. Diet did not influence blood pressure. Compared to SHR, WKY rats gained more weight, associating with increased white adipose tissue weight. Normotensive rats also had higher plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in response to a "Western" diet, with no changes in plasma glucose levels. Neither strain developed atherosclerosis. Interestingly, high-fat diet-fed SHR had increased liver weight, associating with a significant level of hepatic lipid accumulation not observed in WKY. Further, they exhibited hepatocellular ballooning and increased hepatic inflammation, indicative of steatohepatitis. These findings suggest that a high-fat "Western" diet promotes features of NAFLD in SHR, but not WKY rats. Importantly, the high-fat diet had no effect on blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân P Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole Tamer
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Belinda A Di Bartolo
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary M Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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Pereira RO, Muller CR, de Nascimento NRF, Fonteles MC, Evangelista FS, Fiorino P, Farah V. Early consumption of high-fat diet worsens renal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats in adulthood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 11:258-266. [PMID: 31993100 PMCID: PMC6971500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The association between hypertension and obesity has been shown to be an important cause of kidney disease. We aimed to investigate the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) administered in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after weaning in renal morphology and functional parameters. Male post-weaned SHR were divided into two groups: standard control diet (CD) (3% lipids; n = 8) or HFD (30% lipids; n = 8) during 8 weeks. The group HFD showed an increase in serum triglycerides (HFD: 96 ± 7 vs. CD: 33 ± 2 mg/dL) and glucose intolerance (HFD: 185 ± 7 vs. CD: 149 ± 4 mg/dL/min). Moreover, the HFD also showed an increase in almost 90% of the periepididymal and retroperitoneal adiposity. There was no difference in arterial blood pressure between groups. Renal morphofunctional parameters were decreased in HFD group for glomerular tuft area and diameter (4733 ± 65 µm2 and 82 ± 1 µm, respectively) when compared with CD group (5289 ± 171 µm2 and 88 ± 2 µm, respectively). HFD also showed a decrease of 50% of the renal function, which was associated with higher renal extracellular matrix and lipid deposition. Therefore, our data suggest that HFD since early period of life may contribute to renal damage in adults with hypertension, and this impairment can be associated with increased renal lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Oliveira Pereira
- Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao PauloSao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Renal, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiopharmacology Laboratory, Health and Biological Science Center, Mackenzie Presbyterian UniversitySao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Manassés Claudino Fonteles
- Renal, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiopharmacology Laboratory, Health and Biological Science Center, Mackenzie Presbyterian UniversitySao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Ceara State UniversityFortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Fiorino
- Renal, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiopharmacology Laboratory, Health and Biological Science Center, Mackenzie Presbyterian UniversitySao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vera Farah
- Translational Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao PauloSao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Renal, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiopharmacology Laboratory, Health and Biological Science Center, Mackenzie Presbyterian UniversitySao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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11
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Zhang WJ, Su WW, Li PB, Rao HY, Lin QW, Zeng X, Chen TB, Yan ZH, Liu H, Yao HL. Naoxintong Capsule Inhibits the Development of Cardiovascular Pathological Changes in Bama Minipig Through Improving Gut Microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1128. [PMID: 31632272 PMCID: PMC6785636 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Naoxintong capsule (NXT), a Chinese medicine, has performed excellent effects on the prevention and treatment against cardiovascular diseases. NXT is a fine powder mixture without any herb extraction, and there must be lots of ingredients hard to be absorbed. However, little is known about the correlation between the NXT’s cardioprotective effects and gut microbiota. Herein, we report the effect of NXT on the development of cardiovascular diseases and clarify the correlation between NXT’s cardioprotective effects and gut microbiota. In the current study, minipigs were selected and fed with high-fat diet and NXT daily for successive 8 months. During the process, up to 18 biomedical parameters were monthly determined to observe the dynamic changes after NXT treatment. At the end of experimental process, pathological examinations of heart, coronary artery, carotid artery, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta were conducted by HE staining and 16SrDNA sequencing, and analyzing of gut microbiota were conducted. Our results showed that NXT’s effects against cardiovascular diseases were through regulating blood lipid profiles, inhibiting vascular inflammation, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and alleviating myocardial injury, without damages on liver and kidney particularly. Concurrently, we also found that long-term administration of NXT increased the diversity of gut microbiota, influenced the microbiome structure and composition stably, and revered the increase of the ratio of the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio) in relative abundance. Specifically, our results revealed some key bacterium of Caproiciproducens (enhanced), Sutterella (enhanced), Erysipelotrichaceae (enhanced), and Romboutsia (decreased) that were closely involved in NXT’s effects. Taken together, our study demonstrates that NXT can inhibit the development of cardiovascular diseases by ameliorating high-fat diet–induced metabolic disorders and partly through improving gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Wei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Pei-Bo Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yu Rao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Wei Lin
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao-Bin Chen
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Hao Yan
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Liang Yao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Drug Synthesis and Evaluation Center, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Taylor LE, Ramirez LA, Musall JB, Sullivan JC. Tipping the scales: Are females more at risk for obesity- and high-fat diet-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction? Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4226-4242. [PMID: 31271650 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a common metabolic disorder that has become a widespread epidemic in several countries. Sex and gender disparities in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been well documented with premenopausal women having a lower incidence of CVD than age-matched men. However, women are more likely than men to suffer from obesity, which can predispose them to a greater risk of CVD. The mechanisms underlying high-fat diet (HFD)- or obesity-induced hypertension are not well defined, although immune system activation and inflammation have been implicated in several studies. Further, the sex of the subject can have a profound influence on the immune response to hypertensive stimuli. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the effects of sex and gender on the role of the immune system in HFD-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia E Taylor
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lindsey A Ramirez
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jacqueline B Musall
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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13
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McPherson KC, Shields CA, Poudel B, Fizer B, Pennington A, Szabo-Johnson A, Thompson WL, Cornelius DC, Williams JM. Impact of obesity as an independent risk factor for the development of renal injury: implications from rat models of obesity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F316-F327. [PMID: 30539649 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00162.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and hypertension are the major causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Epidemiological studies within the last few decades have revealed that obesity-associated renal disease is an emerging epidemic and that the increasing prevalence of obesity parallels the increased rate of CKD. This has led to the inclusion of obesity as an independent risk factor for CKD. A major complication when studying the relationship between obesity and renal injury is that cardiovascular and metabolic disorders that may result from obesity including hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, or the cluster of these disorders [defined as the metabolic syndrome, (MetS)] also contribute to the development and progression of renal disease. The associations between hyperglycemia and hypertension with renal disease have been reported extensively in patients suffering from obesity. Currently, there are several obese rodent models (high-fat diet-induced obesity and leptin signaling dysfunction) that exhibit characteristics of MetS. However, the available obese rodent models currently have not been used to investigate the impact of obesity alone on the development of renal injury before hypertension and/or hyperglycemia. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the incidence and severity of renal disease in these rodent models of obesity and determine which models are suitable to study the independent effects obesity on the development and progression of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasi C McPherson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Corbin A Shields
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bibek Poudel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Brianca Fizer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alyssa Pennington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ashley Szabo-Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Willie L Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jan M Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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14
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Lin TY, Liu JS, Hung SC. Obesity and risk of end-stage renal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:1145-1153. [PMID: 30321257 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a risk factor for de novo chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population. Obesity has been increasingly prevalent in patients with CKD and may lead to further progression of pre-existing CKD. However, whether obesity is associated with the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with CKD is not well understood. Objective We investigated the impact of obesity on ESRD (needing chronic dialysis treatment or pre-emptive renal transplantation) or all-cause mortality in patients with moderate to advanced CKD. Design A total of 322 patients with stages 3-5 CKD who were not yet on dialysis were prospectively followed for a median of 4.9 y. Obesity was defined by body mass index (BMI, in kg/m2) ≥30 or body fat percentage (BF%) >25% in men and >35% in women. BF% was assessed with the use of the Body Composition Monitor, a multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy device. Results In total, 100 participants progressed to ESRD and 39 participants died. Obesity, whether defined by BMI or BF%, was not associated with a significantly increased risk of ESRD in Cox proportional hazards models that adjusted for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine protein:creatinine ratio, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors or statins, accounting for the competing risk for mortality (subdistribution HR: 1.15; 95% CI: 0.62, 2.14 for BMI-defined obesity and subdistribution HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.54, 1.29 for BF%-defined obesity, respectively). Results were similar when BMI and BF% were analyzed as continuous or time-dependent variables. Whereas higher BMI was protective, higher BF% appeared to be associated with increased all-cause mortality. Conclusions Obesity did not confer an increased risk of ESRD in patients with moderate to advanced CKD. This trial was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03285074.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yun Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sin Liu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chun Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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15
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Kramer B, França LM, Zhang Y, Paes AMDA, Gerdes AM, Carrillo-Sepulveda MA. Western diet triggers Toll-like receptor 4 signaling-induced endothelial dysfunction in female Wistar rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1735-H1747. [PMID: 30265151 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00218.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Overconsumption of a diet rich in fat and carbohydrates, called the Western diet, is a major contributor to the global epidemic of cardiovascular disease. Despite previously documented cardiovascular protection exhibited in female rats, this safeguard may be lost under certain metabolic stressors. We hypothesized that female Wistar rats challenged by a Western diet composed of 21% fat and 50% carbohydrate (34.1% sucrose) for 17 wk would develop endothelial dysfunction via endothelial Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. Western diet-fed female rats exhibited dysregulation of metabolism, revealing increased body weight and abdominal fat, decreased expression of adiponectin in white adipose tissue, glucose intolerance, and impaired insulin sensitivity. Western diet exposure increased hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol alongside hepatic steatosis, categorizing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, a Western diet negatively affected vascular function, revealing hypertension, impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, aortic remodeling, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Aortic protein expression of TLR4 and its downstream proteins were markedly increased in the Western diet-fed group in association with elevated serum levels of free fatty acids. In vitro experiments were conducted to test whether free fatty acids contribute to vascular ROS overproduction via the TLR4 signaling pathway. Cultured endothelial cells were stimulated with palmitate in the presence of TAK-242, a TLR4 signaling inhibitor. Palmitate-induced overgeneration of ROS in endothelial cells was abolished in the presence of TAK-242. Our data show that a Western diet induced endothelial dysfunction in female rats and suggest that endothelial TLR4 signaling may play a key role in abolishing female cardiovascular protection. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A Western diet induced elevated levels of free fatty acids, produced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and provoked endothelial dysfunction in female rats in association with Toll-like receptor 4 signaling-mediated vascular reactive oxygen species production. Limited consumption of a Western diet in premenopausal women may decrease their risk of cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Lucas Martins França
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão , Sao Luis , Brazil
| | - Youhua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão , Sao Luis , Brazil
| | - A Martin Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Maria Alicia Carrillo-Sepulveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York
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16
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Vahdat S. The complex effects of adipokines in the patients with kidney disease. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 23:60. [PMID: 30181742 PMCID: PMC6091131 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_1115_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are categorized as the highest prevalent ones with worldwide noticeable incidence. They cause accelerated cardiovascular diseases and noticeable mortalities. Adipose tissue and its messengers, adipokines, are reported to have the highest relationship with end-stage renal diseases or chronic kidney diseases. Over recent years, with shifting of scientists’ mindset from a simple overview of adipose tissue as a fat store to the complex paradigm of this issue as a multipotential secretory organ, the importance of studies on this tissue has emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Vahdat
- Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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17
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Kovesdy CP, Furth SL, Zoccali C. Obesity and kidney disease: Hidden consequences of the epidemic. J Ren Care 2018; 43:3-10. [PMID: 28205394 DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence has been projected to grow by 40% in the next decade. This increasing prevalence has implications for the risks of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and also for Chronic Kidney Disease. A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset Chronic Kidney Disease. In individuals affected by obesity, a series of complex pathophysiologic changes occur that lead to the development of Chronic Kidney Disease. These include on the one hand effects mediated by the downstream consequences of obesity (such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension), but also direct effects of adipose tissue, via humoral factors such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin and visfatin). In obese individuals a compensatory hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight, leading to glomerulomegaly and accompanied by deposition of adipose tissue in the glomerulus and the gradual development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy has increased ten-fold in recent years. In addition to the development of Chronic Kidney Disease, obesity has also been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis, and for a number of malignancies including kidney cancer. Interventions to stem the tide of obesity are thus extremely important for preventing the development and progression of Chronic Kidney Disease and other disorders of the kidneys. This year the World Kidney Day promotes education on the harmful consequences of obesity and its association with kidney disease, advocating healthy lifestyle and health policy measures that makes preventive behaviors an affordable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susan L Furth
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio, Calabria, Italy
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- Members of the World Kidney Day Steering Committee are: Philip Kam Tao Li, Guillermo Garcia-Garcia, Mohammed Benghanem-Gharbi, Rik Bollaert, Sophie Dupuis, Timur Erk, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Csaba Kovesdy, Charlotte Osafo, Miguel C. Riella, Elena Zakharova
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18
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Liu H, Su WW, Long CF, Zhang WJ, Li PB, Wu Z, Liao YY, Zeng X, Chen TB, Zheng YY, Yan ZH, Bi C, Yao HL. An experimental model for hypertensive crises emergencies: Long-term high-fat diet followed by acute vasoconstriction stress on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:481-495. [PMID: 29444597 PMCID: PMC5882032 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218759270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the prevention and treatment of hypertensive crises especially when it occurs with serious adverse outcomes have led to worldwide controversy. Despite of clinical possibilities of multiple agents, clinical failures still occur frequently. Therefore, early evaluations and observations of different therapies on appropriate animals should be emphasized. In the present study, an animal model for hypertensive crises emergencies was firstly established and experimentally testified. Five-month-male spontaneously hypertensive rat was consecutively fed with 60%-Kcal fat diet for four, six, and eight weeks with body weight and blood pressure monitored every two weeks, and then followed by an acute vasoconstriction stress of 5-min ice-bath treatment in the 4-h time interval of two adrenaline injections (0.8 mg/kg). Forty-four biochemical parameters were detected, covering hepatic and renal function, blood glucose and lipid levels, myocardial enzymes and energy metabolisms, blood coagulative and anti-coagulative system, oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory cytokine, blood viscosity, and RAAS system. Six tissues including heart, brain, liver, kidney, coronary arteries, and mesenteries were removed for pathological observations with hematoxylin-eosin staining. As a result, multi-organ dysfunctions in the heart, brain, liver, kidney, vascular endothelium, and blood system were testified in the modeling rats at weeks 6 and 8. In conclusion, severe consequences of this animal model were highly similar to those in hypertensive crises emergencies, which could be further utilized in the early intervention of hypertensive crises emergencies including the possible risk factors control and efficient therapies assessment. Impact statement In the late 90s, numerous reports predicted that 1-2% of hypertensive individuals would undergo hypertensive crises (HPC) and figures reached as high as 7% when no antihypertensive therapies were administrated. Currently, clinical failures appear frequently due to the improper or excessive medication regimen instead of the illness itself. Therefore, early evaluations and observations of HPC on appropriate animal models ahead of patients should be discussed and emphasized more widely. In the present study, an appropriate animal model for HPC emergencies was firstly established, in which the consequences of long-term high-fat diet feeding followed by an acute vasoconstriction stress on the spontaneously hypertensive rats were experimentally testified. The proposed model would have a wide application prospects in early intervention of HPC emergencies including the controls of possible risk factors and assessments of efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Su
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Feng Long
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523325, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jian Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Bo Li
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Wu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Yin Liao
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Tao-Bin Chen
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ying Zheng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Zeng-Hao Yan
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Cong Bi
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Yao
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
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19
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Wang T, Lian G, Cai X, Lin Z, Xie L. Effect of prehypertensive losartan therapy on AT1R and ATRAP methylation of adipose tissue in the later life of high‑fat‑fed spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1753-1761. [PMID: 29257219 PMCID: PMC5780120 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is frequently associated with metabolic disorders. The present study was designed to investigate the long-term effect of prehypertensive losartan therapy on metabolic disorders in high-fat-fed spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and to examine the role of epigenetic regulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and AT1 receptor-associated protein (ATRAP) expression in adipose tissue. A total of 32 4-week-old male SHRs were divided into four groups (n=8 rats/group): Standard chow; standard chow + losartan; high-fat diet; and high-fat diet + losartan. At 10 weeks of age, treatment with losartan was discontinued. Rats were followed up until 26 weeks of age. Obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, abnormal adipokine secretion, larger adipocytes and decreased expression of markers of adipocyte differentiation were present in high-fat-fed SHRs, and were attenuated in losartan-treated rats. The increased expression and promoter hypomethylation of AT1R subtype a (AT1aR) in the adipose tissue of high-fat-fed SHRs were reversed by treatment with losartan. No difference was observed in the expression and promoter methylation of AT1R subtype b (AT1bR) among the four groups. Decreased expression and promoter hypermethylation of ATRAP were demonstrated in the adipose tissue of high-fat-fed SHRs. However, losartan made no difference to the expression and promoter methylation of ATRAP. Prehypertensive losartan therapy may relieve metabolic disorders in the later life of high-fat-fed SHRs. Differential epigenetic regulation of AT1aR and ATRAP expression through DNA methylation in adipose tissue may be involved in the long-term beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Wang
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Guili Lian
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Cai
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Lin
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Liangdi Xie
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
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20
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Zhang K, Li Q, Chen Y, Wang N, Lu Y. Visceral adiposity and renal function: an observational study from SPECT-China. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:205. [PMID: 29078775 PMCID: PMC5658976 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is a novel and effective index of visceral adiposity distribution based on waist circumference and triglycerides concentration. Few studies investigated the relationship between LAP and eGFR. We aimed to explore whether LAP was associated with declined renal function (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2), and also whether it exhibited obvious superiority in predicting kidney impairment compared with other obesity indices. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 10,012 subjects were recruited from 22 sites in East China. LAP was calculated with the following formula: (WC-65) x TG for males, (WC-58) x TG for females. Results 4.7% participants with declined renal function had a higher LAP quartile. LAP was strongly associated with eGFR level (Beta: -0.073, P < 0.001) and declined renal function (P < 0.001) even after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, drinking, diabetes and hypertension. The risk of renal dysfunction increased 2.32-fold for the highest quartile LAP relative to the lowest quartile (OR: 2.32, 95%CI:1.52–3.53, P < 0.001). LAP exerted the largest area under the curve among different obesity indices (AUC ROC:0.644, 95%CI: 0.618–0.670, P < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings showed that LAP strongly associated with declined renal function and could be one of markers for predicting the risk of renal dysfunction in the general Chinese population. Trial registration ChiCTR-ECS-14005052 (WHO international clinical trials register platform in China). Registered 20 July 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qin Li
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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21
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Abdulla MH, Johns EJ. The innervation of the kidney in renal injury and inflammation: a cause and consequence of deranged cardiovascular control. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:404-416. [PMID: 28181735 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Extensive investigations have revealed that renal sympathetic nerves regulate renin secretion, tubular fluid reabsorption and renal haemodynamics which can impact on cardiovascular homoeostasis normally and in pathophysiological states. The significance of the renal afferent innervation and its role in determining the autonomic control of the cardiovascular system is uncertain. The transduction pathways at the renal afferent nerves have been shown to require pro-inflammatory mediators and TRPV1 channels. Reno-renal reflexes have been described, both inhibitory and excitatory, demonstrating that a neural link exists between kidneys and may determine the distribution of excretory and haemodynamic function between the two kidneys. The impact of renal afferent nerve activity on basal and reflex regulation of global sympathetic drive remains opaque. There is clinical and experimental evidence that in states of chronic kidney disease and renal injury, there is infiltration of T-helper cells with a sympatho-excitation and blunting of the high- and low-pressure baroreceptor reflexes regulating renal sympathetic nerve activity. The baroreceptor deficits are renal nerve-dependent as the dysregulation can be relieved by renal denervation. There is also experimental evidence that in obese states, there is a sympatho-excitation and disrupted baroreflex regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity which is mediated by the renal innervation. This body of information provides an important basis for directing greater attention to the role of renal injury/inflammation causing an inappropriate activation of the renal afferent nerves as an important initiator of aberrant autonomic cardiovascular control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Abdulla
- Department of Physiology; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - E. J. Johns
- Department of Physiology; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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22
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Obesidad y enfermedad renal: consecuencias ocultas de la epidemia. Nefrologia 2017; 37:360-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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23
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Oxidative imbalance and kidney damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats: activation of extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1419-1428. [PMID: 28495910 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In both humans and animals, essential hypertension acts as a risk factor for subclinical kidney damage and precedes renal dysfunction. Several lines of evidence indicate that hypertension and oxidative stress are closely related. The increase in vascular oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiological consequences of hypertension, including kidney disease. Our study examined this issue in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), a reliable model of essential hypertension. We used SHR 20 weeks old when hypertension is stably developed, vascular remodeling started, but kidney function is preserved. We examined plasmatic pro-oxidant and antioxidant status showing a significant alteration in oxidative balance in SHR. As index of oxidative damage, we evaluated lipid peroxidation in kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle, detecting a significant rise in lipid peroxidation levels in all SHR tissues, particularly relevant in kidney. In addition, we analyzed the expression of cytoplasmic antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and glutatione S-tranferasi P1 (GSTP1). In SHR liver, SOD1 expression slight increased while we have not detected any variation in other tissues. Concerning GSTP1, SHR renal tissues did not display variations in enzyme expression, while in the other tissues, we observed a significant increase in both monomeric and pro-apoptotic dimeric form of the enzyme. By analyzing apoptotic signal, we founded c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation in all SHR tissues, but only kidney presented extrinsic apoptotic pathway activation. Our results suggest that, in hypertensive animals with preserved renal function, despite the remarkable oxidative damage of renal tissues, only the extrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated.
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24
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Kovesdy CP, Furth S, Zoccali C. Obesity and kidney disease: Hidden consequences of the epidemic. Physiol Int 2017; 104:1-14. [PMID: 28361575 DOI: 10.1556/2060.104.2017.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence has been projected to grow by 40% in the next decade. This increasing prevalence has implications for the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and also for chronic kidney disease (CKD). A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset CKD. In individuals affected by obesity, a compensatory hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight. The increase in intraglomerular pressure can damage the kidneys and raise the risk of developing CKD in the long-term. The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy has increased tenfold in recent years. Obesity has also been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis, and for a number of malignancies including kidney cancer. This year the World Kidney Day promotes education on the harmful consequences of obesity and its association with kidney disease, advocating healthy lifestyle, and health policy measures that makes preventive behaviors an affordable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Kovesdy
- 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, TN, USA.,2 Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center , Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S Furth
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Zoccali
- 4 CNR - IFC Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension , Reggio Calabria, Italy
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25
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Kovesdy CP, Furth S, Zoccali C. Obesity and kidney disease: hidden consequences of the epidemic. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY METABOLISM AND DIABETES OF SOUTH AFRICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/16089677.2017.1299975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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26
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Kovesdy CP, Furth SL, Zoccali C. Obesity and kidney disease: hidden consequences of the epidemic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6075. [PMID: 28423118 PMCID: PMC5441280 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20166075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic and its prevalence has been projected to grow by 40% in the next decade. This increasing prevalence has implications for the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and also for chronic kidney disease (CKD). A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset CKD. In individuals affected by obesity, a compensatory hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight. The increase in intraglomerular pressure can damage the kidneys and raise the risk of developing CKD in the long-term. The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy has increased ten-fold in recent years. Obesity has also been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis, and for a number of malignancies including kidney cancer. This year, the World Kidney Day will promote education on the harmful consequences of obesity and its association with kidney disease, advocating healthy lifestyle and health policy measures that make preventive behaviors an affordable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S L Furth
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Zoccali
- CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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27
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Kovesdy CP, Furth SL, Zoccali C. Obesity and kidney disease: hidden consequences of the epidemic. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:537-545. [PMID: 28188438 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Susan L Furth
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR - IFC Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio, Calabria, Italy
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28
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Kovesdy CP, Furth S, Zoccali C. Obesity and kidney disease: Hidden consequences of the epidemic. NEFROLOGÍA LATINOAMERICANA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefrol.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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29
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Kovesdy CP, Furth SL, Zoccali C. Obesity and Kidney Disease: Hidden Consequences of the Epidemic. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2017; 4:2054358117698669. [PMID: 28540059 PMCID: PMC5433675 DOI: 10.1177/2054358117698669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence has been projected to grow by 40% in the next decade. This increasing prevalence has implications for the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and also for chronic kidney disease (CKD). A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset CKD. In individuals affected by obesity, a compensatory hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight. The increase in intraglomerular pressure can damage the kidneys and raise the risk of developing CKD in the long term. The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy has increased 10-fold in recent years. Obesity has also been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis, and for a number of malignancies including kidney cancer. This year the World Kidney Day promotes education on the harmful consequences of obesity and its association with kidney disease, advocating healthy lifestyle and health policy measures that make preventive behaviors an affordable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, TN, USA
| | - Susan L Furth
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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30
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Kovesdy CP, Furth SL, Zoccali C. Obesity and Kidney Disease: Hidden Consequences of the Epidemic. Am J Hypertens 2017; 30:328-336. [PMID: 28203687 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpw151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba P. Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Susan L. Furth
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR–IFC Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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31
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32
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Kovesdy CP, Furth SL, Zoccali C. Obesity and kidney disease: Hidden consequences of the epidemic. Nephrology (Carlton) 2017; 22:191-198. [PMID: 28205349 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susan L Furth
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR - IFC Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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33
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Kovesdy CP, Furth SL, Zoccali C. Obesity and kidney disease: hidden consequences of the epidemic. Intern Med J 2017; 47:134-143. [PMID: 28201856 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susan L Furth
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR - IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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34
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Kovesdy CP, Furth SL, Zoccali C. Obesity and kidney disease: hidden consequences of the epidemic. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:203-210. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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35
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Kovesdy CP, Furth SL, Zoccali C. Obesity and Kidney Disease: Hidden Consequences of the Epidemic. Am J Nephrol 2017; 45:283-291. [PMID: 28178697 DOI: 10.1159/000458467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence has been projected to grow by 40% in the next decade. This increasing prevalence has implications for the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and also for chronic kidney disease. A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset chronic kidney disease. In individuals affected by obesity, a compensatory hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight. The increase in intraglomerular pressure can damage the kidneys and raise the risk of developing chronic kidney disease in the long-term. The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy has increased 10-fold in recent years. Obesity has also been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis, and for a number of malignancies including kidney cancer. This year, the World Kidney Day promotes education on the harmful consequences of obesity and its association with kidney disease, advocating healthy lifestyle and health policy measures that make preventive behaviors an affordable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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36
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Kovesdy CP, Furth SL, Zoccali C. Obesity and Kidney Disease: Hidden Consequences of the Epidemic. Nephron Clin Pract 2017; 135:243-251. [PMID: 28171864 DOI: 10.1159/000455698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence has been projected to grow by 40% in the next decade. This increasing prevalence has implications for the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and also for chronic kidney disease. A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset chronic kidney disease. In individuals affected by obesity, a compensatory hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight. The increase in intraglomerular pressure can damage the kidneys and raise the risk of developing chronic kidney disease in the long-term. The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy has increased 10-fold in recent years. Obesity has also been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis, and for a number of malignancies including kidney cancer. This year, the World Kidney Day promotes education on the harmful consequences of obesity and its association with kidney disease, advocating healthy lifestyle and health policy measures that make preventive behaviors an affordable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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37
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Kovesdy CP, Furth S, Zoccali C. Obesity and kidney disease: Hidden consequences of the epidemic. Nephrol Ther 2017; 13:131-137. [PMID: 28159482 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of nephrology, Department of medicine, University of Tennessee Health science center, Memphis, TN, United States; Nephrology section, Memphis VA Medical center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Susan Furth
- Department of pediatrics, Perelman school of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR-IFC Clinical epidemiology and pathophysiology of renal diseases and hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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38
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Obesity and kidney disease: hidden consequences of the epidemic. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO159. [PMID: 28883987 PMCID: PMC5583661 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence has been projected to grow by 40% in the next decade. This increasing prevalence has implications for the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and also for chronic kidney disease. A high BMI is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset chronic kidney disease. In individuals affected by obesity, a compensatory hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight. The increase in intraglomerular pressure can damage the kidneys and raise the risk of developing chronic kidney disease in the long-term. The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy has increased tenfold in recent years. Obesity has also been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis, and for a number of malignancies including kidney cancer. This year the World Kidney Day promotes education on the harmful consequences of obesity and its association with kidney disease, advocating healthy lifestyle and health policy measures that make preventive behaviors an affordable option.
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39
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Kovesdy CP, Furth SL, Zoccali C. Obesity and Kidney Disease: Hidden Consequences of the Epidemic. KIDNEY DISEASES 2017; 3:33-41. [PMID: 28785562 DOI: 10.1159/000452965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence has been projected to grow by 40% in the next decade. This increasing prevalence has implications for the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and also for chronic kidney disease. A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset chronic kidney disease. In individuals affected by obesity, a compensatory hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight. The increase in intraglomerular pressure can damage the kidneys and raise the risk of developing chronic kidney disease in the long-term. The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy has increased 10-fold in recent years. Obesity has also been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis, and for a number of malignancies including kidney cancer. This year, the World Kidney Day promotes education on the harmful consequences of obesity and its association with kidney disease, advocating healthy lifestyle and health policy measures that make preventive behaviors an affordable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, TN, USA.,Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Susan L Furth
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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40
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Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence has been projected to grow by 40% in the next decade. This increasing prevalence has implications for the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and also for chronic kidney disease (CKD). A high body mass index is one of the strongest risk factors for new-onset CKD. In individuals affected by obesity, a compensatory hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight. The increase in intraglomerular pressure can damage the kidneys and raise the risk of developing CKD in the long term. The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy has increased 10-fold in recent years. Obesity has also been shown to be a risk factor for nephrolithiasis, and for a number of malignancies including kidney cancer. This year World Kidney Day promotes education on the harmful consequences of obesity and its association with kidney disease, advocating healthy lifestyles and health policy measures that make preventive behaviors an affordable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Susan L Furth
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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41
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Preventive effect of Eucommia leaf extract on aortic media hypertrophy in Wistar-Kyoto rats fed a high-fat diet. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:546-551. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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42
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Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EHC. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:22-96. [PMID: 26706498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by releasing vasodilator substances. The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) initiating relaxation. The endothelial cells also evoke hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, EDH-mediated responses). As regards the latter, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) now appears to play a dominant role. Endothelium-dependent relaxations involve both pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi (e.g. responses to α2 -adrenergic agonists, serotonin, and thrombin) and pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq (e.g. adenosine diphosphate and bradykinin) coupling proteins. New stimulators (e.g. insulin, adiponectin) of the release of EDRFs have emerged. In recent years, evidence has also accumulated, confirming that the release of NO by the endothelial cell can chronically be upregulated (e.g. by oestrogens, exercise and dietary factors) and downregulated (e.g. oxidative stress, smoking, pollution and oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and that it is reduced with ageing and in the course of vascular disease (e.g. diabetes and hypertension). Arteries covered with regenerated endothelium (e.g. following angioplasty) selectively lose the pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway for NO release which favours vasospasm, thrombosis, penetration of macrophages, cellular growth and the inflammatory reaction leading to atherosclerosis. In addition to the release of NO (and EDH, in particular those due to H2 O2 ), endothelial cells also can evoke contraction of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent evidence confirms that most endothelium-dependent acute increases in contractile force are due to the formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endoperoxides and prostacyclin) which activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells and that prostacyclin plays a key role in such responses. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated when the production of nitric oxide is impaired (e.g. by oxidative stress, ageing, spontaneous hypertension and diabetes). They contribute to the blunting of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in aged subjects and essential hypertensive and diabetic patients. In addition, recent data confirm that the release of endothelin-1 can contribute to endothelial dysfunction and that the peptide appears to be an important contributor to vascular dysfunction. Finally, it has become clear that nitric oxide itself, under certain conditions (e.g. hypoxia), can cause biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) rather than cGMP and hence causes contraction rather than relaxation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - H. Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Feletou
- Department of Cardiovascular Research; Institut de Recherches Servier; Suresnes France
| | - E. H. C. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
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Kovesdy CP, Furth S, Zoccali C. Obesity and kidney disease: Hidden consequences of the epidemic. Indian J Nephrol 2017; 27:85-92. [PMID: 28356657 PMCID: PMC5358165 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_61_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba P Kovesdy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States; Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Susan Furth
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR - IFC Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Potential involvement of PPAR α activation in diminishing the hepatoprotective effect of fenofibrate in NAFLD: Accuracy of non- invasive panel in determining the stage of liver fibrosis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:68-78. [PMID: 27930988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Fenofibrate (FF) is a hypolipedmic drug and one of the PPARα agonists which is a drug target for non alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD), no studies had investigated its potential hepatic effects in such cases. AIM To compare between the effect of FF and Gemfibrozil (GF) on the prognosis of NAFLD in rats. METHODS Sixty four rats were used and classified into two main groups. Group I (treated for 6 weeks): naïve, FF, GF groups and Group II (treated for 14 weeks and drugs were added at the last 6 weeks): Control, high fat diet (HFD) untreated, HFD+FF, HFD+FF+folic acid (FA) and HFD+GF groups. Body weight (BW), liver index (LI), renal perfusion test (RPT), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum creatinine (S.cr), plasma homocysteine (Hcy), liver function, non invasive markers of fibrosis and histopathology were done. RESULTS HFD produced significant increase (P<0.05) in BW, LI, S.cr, plasma Hcy, lipid profile and liver enzymes. It showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in GFR and RPT. These findings were correlated to the histopathology. FF through its effect on GFR and renal function induced significant increase in plasma Hcy and that decreased its effectiveness in managing NAFLD associated with hyperlipidemia. The addition of FA improved significantly its hypolipidemic and hepatotoxic effects.GF showed none of the above FF effects and this may be due to its low affinity to PPAR α. CONCLUSIONS There is preference of adding FA to FF or using GF instead in cases of NAFLD. Moreover, this work implies the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) panel diagnostic performance in diagnosis of any and moderate degree of fibrosis in rats with NAFLD.
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Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid as Therapy for Diabetic and Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:945-962. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hye Khan MA, Hwang SH, Sharma A, Corbett JA, Hammock BD, Imig JD. A dual COX-2/sEH inhibitor improves the metabolic profile and reduces kidney injury in Zucker diabetic fatty rat. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 125:40-7. [PMID: 27432695 PMCID: PMC5035206 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors have therapeutic potential. The present study investigated efficacy of a novel dual acting COX-2/sEH inhibitor, PTUPB in type 2 diabetic Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats. Male ZDF rats were treated with vehicle or PTUPB (10mg/kg/d, i.p.) for 8 weeks. At the end of the 8-week experimental period, ZDF rats were diabetic (fasting blood glucose, 287±45mg/dL) compared to Zucker Diabetic Lean rats (ZDL, 99±6mg/dL), and PTUPB treatment improved glycemic status in ZDF rats (146±6mg/dL). Kidney injury was evident in ZDF compared to ZDL rats with elevated albuminurea (44±4 vs 4±2mg/d) and nephrinurea (496±127 vs 16±4μg/d). Marked renal fibrosis, tubular cast formation and glomerular injury were also present in ZDF compared to ZDL rats. In ZDF rats, PTUPB treatment reduced kidney injury parameters by 30-80% compared to vehicle. The ZDF rats also demonstrated increased inflammation and oxidative stress with elevated levels of urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 excretion (862±300 vs 319±75ng/d), renal macrophage infiltration (53±2 vs 37±4/mm(2)) and kidney malondialdehyde/protein ratio (10±1 vs 5±1μmol/mg). PTUPB treatment decreased these inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the kidney of ZDF rats by 25-57%. These data demonstrate protective actions of a novel dual acting COX-2/sEH inhibitor on the metabolic abnormalities and kidney function in ZDF rat model of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Hye Khan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John A Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Shahataa MG, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Ali EF, Mahdi EA, Mahmoud FAE. Effects of telmisartan and pioglitazone on high fructose induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:907-17. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, and hyperuricemia. This study was designed to assess the effect of telmisartan and pioglitazone on high fructose induced MS. Thirty-five male albino rats were classified into 5 groups: A, normal diet; B, high-fructose diet (HFD) subdivided into B1 (HFD only), B2 (telmisartan, 5 mg/kg), B3 (pioglitazone, 10 mg/kg), and B4 (telmisartan + pioglitazone). Administration of the drugs was started after the rats had been on HFD for 4 weeks and continued for 4 weeks. Body mass (BM), blood pressure (BP), uric acid (UA), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and nitric oxide (NO) were measured and the levels of fasting glucose and fasting insulin were estimated. Compared with group B1, telmisartan treatment significantly decreased BP, BM, serum glucose, insulin, UA, urea, cholesterol, TGA, and LDL and significantly increased HDL, whereas pioglitazone treatment significantly decreased BP, serum glucose, insulin, UA, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, TGA, and LDL and significantly increased HDL. Co-administration of pioglitazone + telmisartan significantly decreased insulin, urea, and creatinine compared with telmisartan alone. Combined telmisartan + pioglitazone allowed better control of BP, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, and the amelioration of BM increase that may be associated with pioglitazone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudia Arabia
| | - Esam Fouaad Ali
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad ahmed Mahdi
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni Suef University, Egypt
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Zhang J, Fallahzadeh MK, McCullough PA. Aging Male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat as an Animal Model for the Evaluation of the Interplay between Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Cardiorenal Syndrome in Humans. Cardiorenal Med 2016; 7:1-10. [PMID: 27994597 DOI: 10.1159/000447542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are some animal models for biomarkers of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), for cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) and for acute renal failure, the interplay between CI-AKI and CRS has yet to be evaluated. Insight into the pathogenesis of CRS is urgently needed from animal models in order to foster the discovery and implementation of novel biomarkers for this disease. Specially designed animal models for type 1 and 3 CRS, particularly CI-AKI, have not yet emerged. SUMMARY We hypothesize that the aging male spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is likely to be a suitable model. The SHR model is able to mimic risk factors for preclinical CRS that appears in the clinical setting, specifically hypertension, age, preexisting damage and dysfunction of the heart and kidney, endothelial dysfunction, increased level of reactive oxygen species, decreased level and bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), impairment of the L-arginine-NO pathway, and insulin resistance. In the SHR, CI-AKI results in a different profile of AKI biomarkers than is seen with preexisting chronic kidney injury. KEY MESSAGES The SHR model can be used to evaluate the interaction between CI-AKI and CRS type 1 and 3 and to verify neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a reliable CI-AKI biomarker for clinical application. Further research is warranted with a large number of aging male SHRs to prove NGAL as a sensitive, specific, highly predictive, early biomarker for CI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, Tex., USA
| | | | - Peter A McCullough
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, Tex., USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Tex., USA; Baylor Jack and Jane Hamilton Heart and Vascular Hospital, Dallas, Tex, Tex., USA; The Heart Hospital Baylor Plano, Plano, Tex., USA
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Yanagihara H, Ushijima K, Arakawa Y, Aizawa KI, Fujimura A. Effects of telmisartan and olmesartan on insulin sensitivity and renal function in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a high fat diet. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 131:190-7. [PMID: 27430988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), has an agonistic action for proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ in vitro, it remains to be determined whether telmisartan exerts such an action in vivo using a non-toxic dose (<5 mg/kg in rats). To address the issue, telmisartan (2 mg/kg) and olmesartan (2 mg/kg), another ARB without PPAR-γ agonistic action, were given to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) fed a high fat diet (HFD). HFD decreased plasma adiponectin, and caused insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and renal damage, which were improved by ARBs. Protective effects of telmisartan and olmesartan did not significantly differ. In addition, in vitro study showed that 1 μM of telmisartan did not elevate the mRNA expression of adipose protein 2, which is a PPAR-γ-stimulated adipogenic marker gene, in preadipocytes with 3% albumin. To obtain 1 μM of plasma concentration, oral dose of telmisartan was calculated to be 6 mg/kg, which indicates that PPAR-γ agonistic action is negligible with a non-toxic dose of telmisartan (<5 mg/kg) in rats. This study showed that 2 mg/kg of telmisartan and olmesartan ameliorated insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and renal damage in SHR fed a HFD. As beneficial effects of telmisartan and olmesartan did not significantly differ, these were mediated through the PPAR-γ-independent actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Yanagihara
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ushijima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yusuke Arakawa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Aizawa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Akio Fujimura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
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