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Gold KA, Saha B, Rajeeva Pandian NK, Walther BK, Palma JA, Jo J, Cooke JP, Jain A, Gaharwar AK. 3D Bioprinted Multicellular Vascular Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101141. [PMID: 34310082 PMCID: PMC9295047 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is an emerging additive manufacturing technique to fabricate constructs for human disease modeling. However, current cell-laden bioinks lack sufficient biocompatibility, printability, and structural stability needed to translate this technology to preclinical and clinical trials. Here, a new class of nanoengineered hydrogel-based cell-laden bioinks is introduced, that can be printed into 3D, anatomically accurate, multicellular blood vessels to recapitulate both the physical and chemical microenvironments of native human vasculature. A remarkably unique characteristic of this bioink is that regardless of cell density, it demonstrates a high printability and ability to protect encapsulated cells against high shear forces in the bioprinting process. 3D bioprinted cells maintain a healthy phenotype and remain viable for nearly one-month post-fabrication. Leveraging these properties, the nanoengineered bioink is printed into 3D cylindrical blood vessels, consisting of living co-culture of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, providing the opportunity to model vascular function and pathophysiology. Upon cytokine stimulation and blood perfusion, this 3D bioprinted vessel is able to recapitulate thromboinflammatory responses observed only in advanced in vitro preclinical models or in vivo. Therefore, this 3D bioprinted vessel provides a potential tool to understand vascular disease pathophysiology and assess therapeutics, toxins, or other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli A Gold
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | | | - Brandon K Walther
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jorge A Palma
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Javier Jo
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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2
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Brewster LM, Bain AR, Garcia VP, Fandl HK, Stone R, DeSouza NM, Greiner JJ, Tymko MM, Vizcardo-Galindo GA, Figueroa-Mujica RJ, Villafuerte FC, Ainslie PN, DeSouza CA. Global REACH 2018: dysfunctional extracellular microvesicles in Andean highlander males with excessive erythrocytosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1851-H1861. [PMID: 33710927 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00016.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High altitude-related excessive erythrocytosis (EE) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The experimental aim of this study was to determine the effects of microvesicles isolated from Andean highlanders with EE on endothelial cell inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and nitric oxide (NO) production. Twenty-six male residents of Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4,340 m), were studied: 12 highlanders without EE (age: 40 ± 4 yr; BMI: 26.4 ± 1.7; Hb: 17.4 ± 0.5 g/dL, Spo2: 86.9 ± 1.0%) and 14 highlanders with EE (43 ± 4 yr; 26.2 ± 0.9; 24.4 ± 0.4 g/dL; 79.7 ± 1.6%). Microvesicles were isolated, enumerated, and collected from plasma by flow cytometry. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured and treated with microvesicles from highlanders without and with EE. Microvesicles from highlanders with EE induced significantly higher release of interleukin (IL)-6 (89.8 ± 2.7 vs. 77.1 ± 1.9 pg/mL) and IL-8 (62.0 ± 2.7 vs. 53.3 ± 2.2 pg/mL) compared with microvesicles from healthy highlanders. Although intracellular expression of total NF-κB p65 (65.3 ± 6.0 vs. 74.9 ± 7.8.9 AU) was not significantly affected in cells treated with microvesicles from highlanders without versus with EE, microvesicles from highlanders with EE resulted in an ∼25% higher (P < 0.05) expression of p-NF-κB p65 (173.6 ± 14.3 vs. 132.8 ± 12.2 AU). Cell reactive oxygen species production was significantly higher (76.4.7 ± 5.4 vs. 56.7 ± 1.7% of control) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) activation (231.3 ± 15.5 vs. 286.6 ± 23.0 AU) and NO production (8.3 ± 0.6 vs. 10.7 ± 0.7 μM/L) were significantly lower in cells treated with microvesicles from highlanders with versus without EE. Cell apoptotic susceptibility was not significantly affected by EE-related microvesicles. Circulating microvesicles from Andean highlanders with EE increased endothelial cell inflammation and oxidative stress and reduced NO production.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we determined the effects of microvesicles isolated from Andean highlanders with excessive erythrocytosis (EE) on endothelial cell inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and NO production. Microvesicles from highlanders with EE induced a dysfunctional response from endothelial cells characterized by increased cytokine release and expression of active nuclear factor-κB and reduced nitric oxide production. Andean highlanders with EE exhibit dysfunctional circulating extracellular microvesicles that induce a proinflammatory, proatherogenic endothelial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Madden Brewster
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Anthony R Bain
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vinicius P Garcia
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Hannah K Fandl
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Rachel Stone
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noah M DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.,Faculty of Health and Social Development, Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | | | | | | | | | - Philip N Ainslie
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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3
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Touyz RM, Rios FJ, Alves-Lopes R, Neves KB, Camargo LL, Montezano AC. Oxidative Stress: A Unifying Paradigm in Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:659-670. [PMID: 32389339 PMCID: PMC7225748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of hypertension involves complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and pathophysiologic factors that influence many regulatory systems. Hypertension is characteristically associated with vascular dysfunction, cardiovascular remodelling, renal dysfunction, and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Emerging evidence indicates that the immune system is also important and that activated immune cells migrate and accumulate in tissues promoting inflammation, fibrosis, and target-organ damage. Common to these processes is oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of the oxidants that leads to a disruption of oxidation-reduction (redox) signalling and control and molecular damage. Physiologically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signalling molecules and influence cell function through highly regulated redox-sensitive signal transduction. In hypertension, oxidative stress promotes posttranslational modification (oxidation and phosphorylation) of proteins and aberrant signalling with consequent cell and tissue damage. Many enzymatic systems generate ROS, but NADPH oxidases (Nox) are the major sources in cells of the heart, vessels, kidneys, and immune system. Expression and activity of Nox are increased in hypertension and are the major systems responsible for oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. Here we provide a unifying concept where oxidative stress is a common mediator underlying pathophysiologic processes in hypertension. We focus on some novel concepts whereby ROS influence vascular function, aldosterone/mineralocorticoid actions, and immunoinflammation, all important processes contributing to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Hijmans JG, Stockelman KA, Garcia V, Levy MV, Brewster LM, Bammert TD, Greiner JJ, Stauffer BL, Connick E, DeSouza CA. Circulating Microparticles Are Elevated in Treated HIV -1 Infection and Are Deleterious to Endothelial Cell Function. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011134. [PMID: 30779672 PMCID: PMC6405669 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Circulating microparticles have emerged as biomarkers and effectors of vascular disease. Elevated rates of cardiovascular disease are seen in HIV -1-seropositive individuals. The aims of this study were to determine: (1) if circulating microparticles are elevated in antiretroviral therapy-treated HIV -1-seropositive adults; and (2) the effects of microparticles isolated from antiretroviral therapy -treated HIV -1-seropositive adults on endothelial cell function, in vitro. Methods and Results Circulating levels of endothelial-, platelet-, monocyte-, and leukocyte-derived microparticles were determined by flow cytometry in plasma from 15 healthy and 15 antiretroviral therapy-treated, virologically suppressed HIV -1-seropositive men. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with microparticles from individual subjects for 24 hours; thereafter, endothelial cell inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence, and apoptosis were assessed. Circulating concentrations of endothelial-, platelet-, monocyte-, and leukocyte-derived microparticles were significantly higher (≈35%-225%) in the HIV -1-seropositive compared with healthy men. Microparticles from HIV -1-seropositive men induced significantly greater endothelial cell release of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 (≈20% and ≈35%, respectively) and nuclear factor-κB expression while suppressing anti-inflammatory microRNAs (miR-146a and miR-181b). Intracellular reactive oxygen species production and expression of reactive oxygen species -related heat shock protein 70 were both higher in cells treated with microparticles from the HIV -1-seropositive men. In addition, the percentage of senescent cells was significantly higher and sirtuin 1 expression lower in cells treated with HIV -1-related microparticles. Finally, caspase-3 was significantly elevated by microparticles from HIV -1-seropositive men. Conclusions Circulating concentrations of endothelial-, platelet-, monocyte-, and leukocyte-derived microparticles were higher in antiretroviral therapy-treated HIV -1-seropositive men and adversely affect endothelial cells promoting cellular inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence, and apoptosis. Circulating microparticles may contribute to the vascular risk associated with HIV -1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie G Hijmans
- 1 Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO
| | - Kelly A Stockelman
- 1 Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO
| | - Vinicius Garcia
- 1 Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO
| | - Ma'ayan V Levy
- 1 Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO
| | - L Madden Brewster
- 1 Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO
| | - Tyler D Bammert
- 1 Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO
| | - Jared J Greiner
- 1 Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- 2 Department of Medicine Anschutz Medical Center University of Colorado Denver Denver CO.,3 Denver Health Medical Center Denver CO
| | | | - Christopher A DeSouza
- 1 Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO.,2 Department of Medicine Anschutz Medical Center University of Colorado Denver Denver CO
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5
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Han X, Sakamoto N, Tomita N, Meng H, Sato M, Ohta M. Influence of TGF-β1 expression in endothelial cells on smooth muscle cell phenotypes and MMP production under shear stress in a co-culture model. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:489-496. [PMID: 30707337 PMCID: PMC6465372 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, our group has contrasted an endothelial cell-smooth muscle cell (EC-SMC) co-culture model with 3D-cultured SMCs and found that SMCs could respond to high shear stress (SS), which has not been explored before. SMCs were not directly exposed to the flow but were under an EC monolayer; therefore, it is necessary to explore the influence of EC on SMC behaviors under high SS for understanding the mechanism of SMC response to various magnitudes of SS. In the present study, TGF-β1 expression in ECs in an EC-SMC co-culture model was suppressed by an siRNA transfection method. Next, phenotypic changes were observed and MMP-2 and -9 productions were measured in SMCs in the co-culture model after 72-h flow exposure to different SS levels. We confirmed that TGF-β1 expression in ECs could influence SMC phenotypic change under SS conditions and that TGF-β1 expression in ECs could also change MMP-2 production but not MMP-9 production in SMCs under SS conditions in the co-culture model. These results could be useful for understanding the mechanisms of SMC response to SS, particularly for understanding signal transduction emanating from ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Han
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Noriko Tomita
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hui Meng
- Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohta
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.
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6
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Hijmans JG, Stockelman K, Levy M, Brewster LM, Bammert TD, Greiner JJ, Connick E, DeSouza CA. Effects of HIV-1 gp120 and TAT-derived microvesicles on endothelial cell function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1242-1249. [PMID: 30789287 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01048.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were twofold. The first was to determine if human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 glycoprotein (gp) 120 and transactivator of transcription (Tat) stimulate the release of endothelial microvesicles (EMVs). The second was to determine whether viral protein-induced EMVs are deleterious to endothelial cell function (inducing endothelial cell inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence and increasing apoptotic susceptibility). Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were treated with recombinant HIV-1 proteins Bal gp120 (R5), Lav gp120 (X4), or Tat. EMVs released in response to each viral protein were isolated and quantified. Fresh HAECs were treated with EMVs generated under control conditions and from each of the viral protein conditions for 24 h. EMV release was higher (P < 0.05) in HAECs treated with R5 (141 ± 21 MV/µl), X4 (132 ± 20 MV/µl), and Tat (130 ± 20 MV/µl) compared with control (61 ± 13 MV/µl). Viral protein EMVs induced significantly higher endothelial cell release of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of cell adhesion molecules than control. Reactive oxygen species production was more pronounced (P < 0.05) in the R5-, X4- and Tat-EMV-treated cells. In addition, viral protein-stimulated EMVs significantly augmented endothelial cell senescence and apoptotic susceptibility. Concomitant with these functional changes, viral protein-stimulated EMVs disrupted cell expression of micro-RNAs 34a, 126, 146a, 181b, 221, and miR-Let-7a (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that HIV-1 gp120 and Tat stimulate microvesicle release from endothelial cells, and these microvesicles confer pathological effects on endothelial cells by inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence as well as enhancing susceptibility to apoptosis. Viral protein-generated EMVs may contribute to the increased risk of vascular disease in patients with HIV-1. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-related proteins glycoprotein (gp) 120 and transactivator of transcription (Tat)-mediated endothelial damage and dysfunction are poorly understood. Endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) serve as indicators and potent mediators of endothelial dysfunction. In the present study we determined if HIV-1 R5- and X4-tropic gp120 and Tat stimulate EMV release in vitro and if viral protein-induced EMVs are deleterious to endothelial cell function. gp120 and Tat induced a marked increase in EMV release. Viral protein-induced EMVs significantly increased endothelial cell inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence, and apoptotic susceptibility in vitro. gp120- and Tat-derived EMVs promote a proinflammatory, pro-oxidative, prosenescent, and proapoptotic endothelial phenotype and may contribute to the endothelial damage and dysfunction associated with gp120 and Tat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie G Hijmans
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Kelly Stockelman
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Ma'ayan Levy
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - L Madden Brewster
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Tyler D Bammert
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth Connick
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
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7
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Tinkov AA, Bjørklund G, Skalny AV, Holmgren A, Skalnaya MG, Chirumbolo S, Aaseth J. The role of the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system in the metabolic syndrome: towards a possible prognostic marker? Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1567-1586. [PMID: 29327078 PMCID: PMC11105605 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a selenoprotein with three existing isoenzymes (TrxR1, TrxR2, and TrxR3), which is found primarily intracellularly but also in extracellular fluids. The main substrate thioredoxin (Trx) is similarly found (as Trx1 and Trx2) in various intracellular compartments, in blood plasma, and is the cell's major disulfide reductase. Thioredoxin reductase is necessary as a NADPH-dependent reducing agent in biochemical reactions involving Trx. Genetic and environmental factors like selenium status influence the activity of TrxR. Research shows that the Trx/TrxR system plays a significant role in the physiology of the adipose tissue, in carbohydrate metabolism, insulin production and sensitivity, blood pressure regulation, inflammation, chemotactic activity of macrophages, and atherogenesis. Based on recent research, it has been reported that the modulation of the Trx/TrxR system may be considered as a new target in the management of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, as well as in the treatment of hypertension and atherosclerosis. In this review evidence about a possible role of this system as a marker of the metabolic syndrome is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Trace Element Institute for UNESCO, Lyon, France
- Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Battig MR, Fishbein I, Levy RJ, Alferiev IS, Guerrero D, Chorny M. Optimizing endothelial cell functionalization for cell therapy of vascular proliferative disease using a direct contact co-culture system. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 8:954-963. [PMID: 28755158 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Increased susceptibility to thrombosis, neoatherosclerosis, and restenosis due to incomplete regrowth of the protective endothelial layer remains a critical limitation of the interventional strategies currently used clinically to relieve atherosclerotic obstruction. Rapid recovery of endothelium holds promise for both preventing the thrombotic events and reducing post-angioplasty restenosis, providing the rationale for developing cell delivery strategies for accelerating arterial reendothelialization. The successful translation of experimental cell therapies into clinically viable treatment modalities for restoring vascular endothelium critically depends on identifying strategies for enhancing the functionality of endothelial cells (EC) derived from high cardiovascular risk patients, the target group for the majority of angioplasty procedures. Enhancing EC-associated nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by inducing overexpression of NO synthase (NOS) has shown promise as a way of increasing paracrine activity and restoring function of EC. In the present study, we developed a direct contact co-culture approach compatible with highly labile effectors, such as NO, and applied it for determining the effect of EC functionalization via NOS gene transfer on the growth of co-cultured arterial smooth muscle cells (A10 cell line) exhibiting the defining characteristics of neointimal cells. Bovine aortic endothelial cells magnetically transduced with inducible NOS-encoding adenovirus (Ad) formulated in zinc oleate-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNP[iNOSAd]) strongly suppressed growth of proliferating A10 and attenuated the stimulatory effect of a potent mitogen, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), whereas EC functionalization with free iNOSAd or MNP formulated with a different isoform of the enzyme, endothelial NOS, was associated with lower levels of NO synthesis and less pronounced antiproliferative activity toward co-cultured A10 cells. These results show feasibility of applying magnetically facilitated gene transfer to potentiate therapeutically relevant effects of EC for targeted cell therapy of restenosis. The direct contact co-culture methodology provides a sensitive and reliable tool with potential utility for a variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Battig
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ilia Fishbein
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Levy
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ivan S Alferiev
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Guerrero
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael Chorny
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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9
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Mohib M, Afnan K, Paran TZ, Khan S, Sarker J, Hasan N, Hasan I, Sagor AT. Beneficial Role of Citrus Fruit Polyphenols Against Hepatic Dysfunctions: A Review. J Diet Suppl 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1330301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohabbulla Mohib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kazi Afnan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tasfiq Zaman Paran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Juthika Sarker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nahid Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Istiaque Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Taher Sagor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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10
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Jakobs P, Serbulea V, Leitinger N, Eckers A, Haendeler J. Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-Derived 2)-Like 2 and Thioredoxin-1 in Atherosclerosis and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Heart. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:630-644. [PMID: 27923281 PMCID: PMC5397216 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Redox signaling is one of the key elements involved in cardiovascular diseases. Two important molecules are the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the oxidoreductase thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1). Recent Advances: During the previous years, a lot of studies investigated Nrf2 and Trx-1 as protective proteins in cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, post-translational modifications of those molecules were identified that play an important role in the cardiovascular system. This review will summarize changes in the vasculature in atherosclerosis and ischemia reperfusion injury of the heart and the newest findings achieved with Nrf2 and Trx-1 therein. Interestingly, Nrf2 and Trx-1 can act together as well as independently of each other in protection against atherosclerosis and ischemia and reperfusion injury. CRITICAL ISSUES In principle, pharmacological activation of a transcription factor-like Nrf2 can be dangerous, since a transcription regulator has multiple targets and the pleiotropic effects of such activation should not be ignored. Moreover, overactivation of Nrf2 as well as long-term treatment with Trx-1 could be deleterious for the cardiovascular system. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Therefore, the length of treatment with Nrf2 activators and/or Trx-1 has first to be studied in more detail in cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, a combination of Nrf2 activators and Trx-1 should be investigated and taken into consideration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 630-644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jakobs
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Anna Eckers
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Sun P, Zhu K, Wang C, Liu WW, Peng DG, Zhao X. Prophylactic effects of alkaloids from Ba lotus seeds on L-NNA-induced hypertension in mice. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 14:835-843. [PMID: 27914527 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)30100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids from Ba lotus seeds (ABLS) are a kind of important functional compounds in lotus seeds. The present study was designed to determine its hypertension prophylactic effects in the L-NNA-induced mouse hypertension model. The mice were treated with ABLS, the serum and tissues levels of NO, MDA, ET-1, VEGF, and CGRP were determined using the experimental kits, the mRNA levels of various genes in the heart muscle and blood vessel tissues were further determined by RT-PCR assay. ABLS could reduce the systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), compared to that of the model control group. After ABLS treatment, the NO (nitric oxide) contents in serum, heart, liver, kidney and stomach of the mice were higher than that of the control mice, but the MDA (malonaldehyde) contents were lower than that of the control mice. The serum levels of ET-1 (endothelin-1), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) were decreased after ABLS treatment, but CGRP (calcium gene related peptide) level was increased. The ABLS treated mice had higher mRNA expressions of HO-1, nNOS, and eNOS and lower expressions of ADM, RAMP2, IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS than the control mice. Higher concentration of ABLS had greater prophylactic effects, which were close to that of the hypertension drug captopril. These results indicated the hypertension prophylactic effects of ABLS could be further explored as novel medicine or functional food in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Enterprise Engineering Research Center of Ba-lotus Breeding and Deep Processing, Chongqing 400041, China; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Cun Wang
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - De-Guang Peng
- Chongqing Enterprise Engineering Research Center of Ba-lotus Breeding and Deep Processing, Chongqing 400041, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Enterprise Engineering Research Center of Ba-lotus Breeding and Deep Processing, Chongqing 400041, China; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
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Hong OK, Yoo SJ, Son JW, Kim MK, Baek KH, Song KH, Cha BY, Jo H, Kwon HS. High glucose and palmitate increases bone morphogenic protein 4 expression in human endothelial cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:169-75. [PMID: 26937213 PMCID: PMC4770107 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated whether hyperglycemia and/or free fatty acids (palmitate, PAL) aff ect the expression level of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), a proatherogenic marker, in endothelial cells and the potential role of BMP4 in diabetic vascular complications. To measure BMP4 expression, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to high glucose concentrations and/or PAL for 24 or 72 h, and the effects of these treatments on the expression levels of adhesion molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined. BMP4 loss-of-function status was achieved via transfection of a BMP4-specific siRNA. High glucose levels increased BMP4 expression in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. PAL potentiated such expression. The levels of adhesion molecules and ROS production increased upon treatment with high glucose and/or PAL, but this eff ect was negated when BMP4 was knocked down via siRNA. Signaling of BMP4, a proinflammatory and pro-atherogenic cytokine marker, was increased by hyperglycemia and PAL. BMP4 induced the expression of infl ammatory adhesion molecules and ROS production. Our work suggests that BMP4 plays a role in atherogenesis induced by high glucose levels and/or PAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oak-Kee Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Soon-Jib Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Kyunggi-do 14647, Korea
| | - Jang-Won Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Kyunggi-do 14647, Korea
| | - Mee-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Bong-Yun Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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Montezano AC, Dulak-Lis M, Tsiropoulou S, Harvey A, Briones AM, Touyz RM. Oxidative Stress and Human Hypertension: Vascular Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Novel Therapies. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:631-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Reactive oxygen species, vascular Noxs, and hypertension: focus on translational and clinical research. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:164-82. [PMID: 23600794 PMCID: PMC3880913 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules that are important in physiological processes, including host defense, aging, and cellular homeostasis. Increased ROS bioavailability and altered redox signaling (oxidative stress) have been implicated in the onset and/or progression of chronic diseases, including hypertension. RECENT ADVANCES Although oxidative stress may not be the only cause of hypertension, it amplifies blood pressure elevation in the presence of other pro-hypertensive factors, such as salt loading, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and sympathetic hyperactivity, at least in experimental models. A major source for ROS in the cardiovascular-renal system is a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (Noxs), including the prototypic Nox2-based Nox, and Nox family members: Nox1, Nox4, and Nox5. CRITICAL ISSUES Although extensive experimental data support a role for increased ROS levels and altered redox signaling in the pathogenesis of hypertension, the role in clinical hypertension is unclear, as a direct causative role of ROS in blood pressure elevation has yet to be demonstrated in humans. Nevertheless, what is becoming increasingly evident is that abnormal ROS regulation and aberrant signaling through redox-sensitive pathways are important in the pathophysiological processes which is associated with vascular injury and target-organ damage in hypertension. FUTURE DIRECTIONS There is a paucity of clinical information related to the mechanisms of oxidative stress and blood pressure elevation, and a few assays accurately measure ROS directly in patients. Such further ROS research is needed in humans and in the development of adequately validated analytical methods to accurately assess oxidative stress in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow , Glasgow, United Kingdom
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15
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Chen B, Nelin VE, Locy ML, Jin Y, Tipple TE. Thioredoxin-1 mediates hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L389-95. [PMID: 23812635 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00432.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertensive diseases associated with hypoxia. Both the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine kinase (Akt) pathways have been implicated in hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is a ubiquitously expressed protein that is involved in redox-dependent signaling via HIF and PI3K-Akt in cancer. The role of Trx1 in PASMC proliferation has not been elucidated. The present studies tested the hypothesis that Trx1 regulates hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation via HIF and/or PI3K- and Akt-dependent mechanisms. Following exposure to chronic hypoxia, our data indicate that Trx1 activity is increased in adult murine lungs. Furthermore, hypoxia-induced increases in cellular proliferation are correlated with increased Trx1 expression, HIF activation, and Akt activation in cultured human PASMC. Both small-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown and pharmacological Trx1 inhibition attenuated hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation, HIF activation, and Akt activation. While Trx1 knockdown suppressed hypoxia-induced PI3K-Akt activation in PASMC, PI3K-Akt inhibition prevented hypoxia-induced proliferation but had no effect on hypoxia-induced increases in Trx1 or HIF activation. Thus, our findings indicate that Trx1 contributes to hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation by modulating HIF activation and subsequent PI3K-Akt activation. These novel data suggest that Trx1 might represent a novel therapeutic target to prevent hypoxic PASMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Chen
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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16
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Burger D, Kwart DG, Montezano AC, Read NC, Kennedy CRJ, Thompson CS, Touyz RM. Microparticles induce cell cycle arrest through redox-sensitive processes in endothelial cells: implications in vascular senescence. J Am Heart Assoc 2012; 1:e001842. [PMID: 23130145 PMCID: PMC3487329 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.112.001842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic disease accelerates endothelial dysfunction in aging, a process associated with cell senescence. However, the mechanisms underlying this process are unclear. We examined whether endothelial cell (EC)-derived microparticles (MPs) facilitate EC senescence and questioned the role of reactive oxygen species in this process. METHODS AND RESULTS Senescence was induced by sequential passaging of primary mouse ECs. Cells retained phenotypic characteristics of ECs from passage 4 through passage 21. Passage 21 ECs exhibited features of senescence, including increased staining of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-βgal), a greater percentage of cells in G(1)/G(0) phase of the cell cycle, and increased phosphorylation of p66(Shc) (P<0.05). Microparticle formation from passage 21 ECs was increased versus passage 4 ECs (∼2.2-fold increase versus passage 4, P<0.05), and the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil blocked this increase. Exposure of passage 4 ECs to MPs shifted cells from a proliferating to a nonproliferating phenotype, as indicated by cell cycle analysis and increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. MPs increased EC generation of O(2) (•-) (∼2.7-fold) and H(2)O(2) (∼2.6-fold), effects blocked by apocynin (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor) and rotenone (mitochondrial oxidase inhibitor) but not by allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor). MPs increased expression of cell cycle proteins p 21 cip1 and p16ink4a and stimulated phosphorylation of p66(Shc) in ECs (P<0.05 versus untreated ECs). Pretreatment with the reactive oxygen species scavenger sodium 4,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonate (tiron) abrogated the prosenescent effects of MPs. CONCLUSIONS MPs promote EC senescence through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase- and mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species. Such redox-sensitive processes may be important in vascular dysfunction in aging. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:e001842 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.001842.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (D.B., D.G.K., A.C.M., N.C.R., C.R.J.K., R.M.T.)
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Lu X, Xiao L, Wang L, Ruden DM. Hsp90 inhibitors and drug resistance in cancer: the potential benefits of combination therapies of Hsp90 inhibitors and other anti-cancer drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:995-1004. [PMID: 22120678 PMCID: PMC3299878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 is a chaperone protein that interacts with client proteins that are known to be in the cell cycle, signaling and chromatin-remodeling pathways. Hsp90 inhibitors act additively or synergistically with many other drugs in the treatment of both solid tumors and leukemias in murine tumor models and humans. Hsp90 inhibitors potentiate the actions of anti-cancer drugs that target Hsp90 client proteins, including trastuzumab (Herceptin™) which targets Her2/Erb2B, as Hsp90 inhibition elicits the drug effects in cancer cell lines that are otherwise resistant to the drug. A phase II study of the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG and trastuzumab showed that this combination therapy has anticancer activity in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer progressing on trastuzumab. In this review, we discuss the results of Hsp90 inhibitors in combination with trastuzumab and other cancer drugs. We also discuss recent results from yeast focused on the genetics of drug resistance when Hsp90 is inhibited and the implications that this might have in understanding the effects of genetic variation in treating cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Lu
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Li Xiao
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Luan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Douglas M. Ruden
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
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Schaffer SW, Jong CJ, Mozaffari M. Role of oxidative stress in diabetes-mediated vascular dysfunction: unifying hypothesis of diabetes revisited. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 57:139-49. [PMID: 22480621 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is recognized as a key participant in the development of diabetic complications in the vasculature. One of the seminal studies advancing the role of oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells proposed that oxidative stress-mediated diversion of glycolytic intermediates into pathological pathways was a key underlying element in the development of diabetic complications. It is widely recognized that flux through glycolysis slows during diabetes. However, several bottlenecks develop in the glycolytic pathway, including glucose transport, phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase. Of these limiting steps in glycolysis, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is most sensitive to oxidative stress, leading to the hypothesis that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate inactivation by ribosylation underlies the diversion of glycolytic intermediates into pathological pathways. However, recent studies question the mechanism underlying the effect of reactive oxygen species on key enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. The present review critiques the major premises of the hypothesis and concludes that further study of the role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetes-mediated vasculature dysfunction is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Schaffer
- University of South Alabama, Department of Pharmacology, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
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Liang CJ, Wang SH, Chen YH, Chang SS, Hwang TL, Leu YL, Tseng YC, Li CY, Chen YL. Viscolin reduces VCAM-1 expression in TNF-α-treated endothelial cells via the JNK/NF-κB and ROS pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1337-46. [PMID: 21767632 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Viscolin, a major active component in a chloroform extract of Viscum coloratum, has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. We focused on its effects on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The TNF-α-induced expression of VCAM-1 was significantly reduced by respectively 38±7 or 34±16% when HUVECs were pretreated with 10 or 30μM viscolin, as shown by Western blotting, and was also significantly reduced by pretreatment with the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine, diphenylene iodonium chloride, and apocynin. Viscolin also reduced TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 mRNA expression and promoter activity, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, and significantly reduced the binding of monocytes to TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. The attenuation of TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression and cell adhesion was partly mediated by a decrease in JNK phosphorylation. Furthermore, viscolin reduced VCAM-1 expression in the aorta of TNF-α-treated mice in vivo. Taken together, these data show that viscolin inhibits TNF-α-induced JNK phosphorylation, nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and ROS generation and thereby suppresses VCAM-1 expression, resulting in reduced adhesion of leukocytes. These results also suggest that viscolin may prevent the development of atherosclerosis and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Jung Liang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
Hypertension is a major contributor to the development of renal failure, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. These pathologies are associated with vascular functional and structural changes including endothelial dysfunction, altered contractility, and vascular remodeling. Central to these phenomena is oxidative stress. Factors that activate pro-oxidant enzymes, such as NADPH oxidase, remain poorly defined, but likely involve angiotensin II, mechanical stretch, and inflammatory cytokines. Reactive oxygen species influence vascular, renal, and cardiac function and structure by modulating cell growth, contraction/dilatation, and inflammatory responses via redox-dependent signaling pathways. Compelling data from molecular and cellular experiments, together with animal studies, implicate a role for oxidative stress in hypertension. However, the clinical evidence is still controversial. This review provides current insights on the mechanisms of the generation of reactive oxygen species and the vascular effects of oxidative stress and discusses the significance of oxidative damage in experimental and clinical hypertension.
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Abstract
Hypertension is associated with vascular changes characterised by remodelling, endothelial dysfunction and hyperreactivity. Cellular processes underlying these perturbations include altered vascular smooth muscle cell growth and apoptosis, fibrosis, hypercontractility and calcification. Inflammation, associated with macrophage infiltration and increased expression of redox-sensitive pro-inflammatory genes, also contributes to vascular remodelling. Many of these features occur with ageing, and the vascular phenotype in hypertension is considered a phenomenon of ‘premature vascular ageing’. Among the many factors involved in the hypertensive vascular phenotype, angiotensin II (Ang II) is especially important. Ang II, previously thought to be the sole effector of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), is converted to smaller peptides [Ang III, Ang IV, Ang-(1-7)] that are biologically active in the vascular system. Another new component of the RAS is the (pro)renin receptor, which signals through Ang-II-independent mechanisms and might influence vascular function. Ang II mediates effects through complex signalling pathways on binding to its G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) AT1R and AT2R. These receptors are regulated by the GPCR-interacting proteins ATRAP, ARAP1 and ATIP. AT1R activation induces effects through the phospholipase C pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases, tyrosine kinases/phosphatases, RhoA/Rhokinase and NAD(P)H-oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species. Here we focus on recent developments and new research trends related to Ang II and the RAS and involvement in the hypertensive vascular phenotype.
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Rodrigo R, González J, Paoletto F. The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:431-40. [PMID: 21228777 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is considered to be the most important risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. An increasing body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress, which results in an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The modulation of the vasomotor system involves ROS as mediators of vasoconstriction induced by angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and urotensin-II, among others. The bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), which is a major vasodilator, is highly dependent on the redox status. Under physiological conditions, low concentrations of intracellular ROS have an important role in the normal redox signaling maintaining vascular function and integrity. However, under pathophysiological conditions, increased levels of ROS contribute to vascular dysfunction and remodeling through oxidative damage. In human hypertension, an increase in the production of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, a decrease in NO synthesis and a reduction in antioxidant bioavailability have been observed. In turn, antioxidants are reducing agents that can neutralize these oxidative and otherwise damaging biomolecules. The use of antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamins C and E, has gained considerable interest as protecting agents against vascular endothelial damage. Available data support the role of these vitamins as effective antioxidants that can counteract ROS effects. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in ROS generation, the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vascular damage in hypertension, and the possible therapeutic strategies that could prevent or treat this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Rodrigo
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Abstract
The Noxes (NADPH oxidases) are a family of ROS (reactive oxygen species)-generating enzymes. Of the seven family members, four have been identified as important sources of ROS in the vasculature: Nox1, Nox2, Nox4 and Nox5. Although Nox isoforms can be influenced by the same stimulus and co-localize in cellular compartments, their tissue distribution, subcellular regulation, requirement for cofactors and NADPH oxidase subunits and ability to generate specific ROS differ, which may help to understand the multiplicity of biological functions of these oxidases. Nox4 and Nox5 are the newest isoforms identified in the vasculature. Nox4 is the major isoform expressed in renal cells and appear to produce primarily H2O2. The Nox5 isoform produces ROS in response to increased levels of intracellular Ca2+ and does not require the other NADPH oxidase subunits for its activation. The present review focuses on these unique Noxes, Nox4 and Nox5, and provides novel concepts related to the regulation and interaction in the vasculature, and discusses new potential roles for these isoforms in vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf P. Brandes
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
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Balcells M, Martorell J, Olivé C, Santacana M, Chitalia V, Cardoso AA, Edelman ER. Smooth muscle cells orchestrate the endothelial cell response to flow and injury. Circulation 2010; 121:2192-9. [PMID: 20458015 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.877282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local modulation of vascular mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling reduces smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation after endovascular interventions but may be associated with endothelial cell (EC) toxicity. The trilaminate vascular architecture juxtaposes ECs and SMCs to enable complex paracrine coregulation but shields SMCs from flow. We hypothesized that flow differentially affects mTOR signaling in ECs and SMCs and that SMCs regulate mTOR in ECs. METHODS AND RESULTS SMCs and/or ECs were exposed to coronary artery flow in a perfusion bioreactor. We demonstrated by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting that EC expression of phospho-S6 ribosomal protein (p-S6RP), a downstream target of mTOR, was doubled by flow. Conversely, S6RP in SMCs was growth factor but not flow responsive, and SMCs eliminated the flow sensitivity of ECs. Temsirolimus, a sirolimus analog, eliminated the effect of growth factor on SMCs and of flow on ECs, reducing p-S6RP below basal levels and inhibiting endothelial recovery. EC p-S6RP expression in stented porcine arteries confirmed our in vitro findings: Phosphorylation was greatest in ECs farthest from intact SMCs in metal stented arteries and altogether absent after sirolimus stent elution. CONCLUSIONS The mTOR pathway is activated in ECs in response to luminal flow. SMCs inhibit this flow-induced stimulation of endothelial mTOR pathway. Thus, we now define a novel external stimulus regulating phosphorylation of S6RP and another level of EC-SMC crosstalk. These interactions may explain the impact of local antiproliferative delivery that targets SMC proliferation and suggest that future stents integrate design influences on flow and drug effects on their molecular targets.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/physiology
- Arteries/physiology
- Arteries/physiopathology
- Cell Communication/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronary Vessels/physiology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/injuries
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Regional Blood Flow/drug effects
- Regional Blood Flow/physiology
- Ribosomal Protein S6/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sirolimus/analogs & derivatives
- Sirolimus/pharmacology
- Stents/adverse effects
- Swine
- Swine, Miniature
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Balcells
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Struijker-Boudier HA, Blacher J, Lévy BI, Safar ME. Introduction to the Seventh International Workshop on Structure and Function of the Vascular System. Hypertension 2009; 54:373-4. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.136424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harry A. Struijker-Boudier
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (H.A.S.-B.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; the Centre de Diagnostic (J.B., M.E.S.), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France; and PARRC, U970 – INSERM (B.I.L.), HEGP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Blacher
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (H.A.S.-B.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; the Centre de Diagnostic (J.B., M.E.S.), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France; and PARRC, U970 – INSERM (B.I.L.), HEGP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Bernard I. Lévy
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (H.A.S.-B.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; the Centre de Diagnostic (J.B., M.E.S.), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France; and PARRC, U970 – INSERM (B.I.L.), HEGP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Michel E. Safar
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (H.A.S.-B.), Maastricht University, The Netherlands; the Centre de Diagnostic (J.B., M.E.S.), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France; and PARRC, U970 – INSERM (B.I.L.), HEGP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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