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Fagiani F, Vlachou M, Di Marino D, Canobbio I, Romagnoli A, Racchi M, Govoni S, Lanni C. Pin1 as Molecular Switch in Vascular Endothelium: Notes on Its Putative Role in Age-Associated Vascular Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123287. [PMID: 34943794 PMCID: PMC8699654 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
By controlling the change of the backbones of several cellular substrates, the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase Pin1 acts as key fine-tuner and amplifier of multiple signaling pathways, thereby inducing several biological consequences, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Data from the literature indicate a prominent role of Pin1 in the regulating of vascular homeostasis. In this review, we will critically dissect Pin1’s role as conformational switch regulating the homeostasis of vascular endothelium, by specifically modulating nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. In this regard, Pin1 has been reported to directly control NO production by interacting with bovine endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) at Ser116-Pro117 (human equivalent is Ser114-Pro115) in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, regulating its catalytic activity, as well as by regulating other intracellular players, such as VEGF and TGF-β, thereby impinging upon NO release. Furthermore, since Pin1 has been found to act as a critical driver of vascular cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation, with implication in many vascular diseases (e.g., diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy), evidence indicating that Pin1 may serve a pivotal role in vascular endothelium will be discussed. Understanding the role of Pin1 in vascular homeostasis is crucial in terms of finding a new possible therapeutic player and target in vascular pathologies, including those affecting the elderly (such as small and large vessel diseases and vascular dementia) or those promoting the full expression of neurodegenerative dementing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fagiani
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (M.R.); (C.L.)
| | - Marieva Vlachou
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (M.R.); (C.L.)
| | - Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (D.D.M.); (A.R.)
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Alice Romagnoli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (D.D.M.); (A.R.)
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (M.R.); (C.L.)
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (M.R.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (M.R.); (C.L.)
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Kurakula K, Hagdorn QAJ, van der Feen DE, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Ten Dijke P, de Boer RA, Bogaard HJ, Goumans MJ, Berger RMF. Inhibition of the prolyl isomerase Pin1 improves endothelial function and attenuates vascular remodelling in pulmonary hypertension by inhibiting TGF-β signalling. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:99-112. [PMID: 34379232 PMCID: PMC8813847 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease, characterized by obstructive pulmonary vascular remodelling ultimately leading to right ventricular (RV) failure and death. Disturbed transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling, endothelial cell dysfunction, increased proliferation of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, and inflammation contribute to this abnormal remodelling. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 has been identified as a critical driver of proliferation and inflammation in vascular cells, but its role in the disturbed TGF-β/BMP signalling, endothelial cell dysfunction, and vascular remodelling in PAH is unknown. Here, we report that Pin1 expression is increased in cultured pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) and lung tissue of PAH patients. Pin1 inhibitor, juglone significantly decreased TGF-β signalling, increased BMP signalling, normalized their hyper-proliferative, and inflammatory phenotype. Juglone treatment reversed vascular remodelling through reducing TGF-β signalling in monocrotaline + shunt-PAH rat model. Juglone treatment decreased Fulton index, but did not affect or harm cardiac function and remodelling in rats with RV pressure load induced by pulmonary artery banding. Our study demonstrates that inhibition of Pin1 reversed the PAH phenotype in PAH MVECs in vitro and in PAH rats in vivo, potentially through modulation of TGF-β/BMP signalling pathways. Selective inhibition of Pin1 could be a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Quint A J Hagdorn
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik E van der Feen
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Vonk Noordegraaf
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Rolf M F Berger
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Bozkurt E, Atay E, Pektaş G, Ertekin A, Vurmaz A, Korkmaz ÖA, Sadi G, Aslan E, Koca OH, Pektaş MB. Potential Anti-Tumor Activity of Kefir-Induced Juglone and Resveratrol Fractions Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma-Bearing BALB/C Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 19:358-369. [PMID: 33680036 PMCID: PMC7758008 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112993.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the potential influence of kefir-induced juglone and resveratrol fractions (JRK) against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing BALB/c male mice. Kefir yeast was grown in the cell culture supplemented with juglone and resveratrol (1:2). After 48 h incubation, JRK solution was applied (0.1 mL/day i.p.) to the EAC-bearing mice throughout five days. Molecular regulatory mechanisms of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic pathway components were evaluated in the plasma of mice and isolated EAC cells with ELISA, qRT-PCR, and immunocytchemical experiments. EAC-induced upregulation in Bcl-2 and downregulation in Caspase-3 were normalized with JRK in the plasma of mice. Additionally, JRK upregulated the expression levels of apoptotic Bax, p53, Caspase-3,8,9, and APAF-1 proteins together with BAX, CASPASE-8, and CASPASE-9 genes in isolated EAC cells. These changes were also associated with decreased expression levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl proteins. Immunocytochemical studies also confirmed the activation of apoptotic pathways and repression of anti-apoptotic proteins in EAC cells with JRK treatment. JRK activates apoptotic pathway and inhibits anti-apoptotic genes and proteins in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma- bearing BALB/c mice that could be beneficial in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Bozkurt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Emre Atay
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Pektaş
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48000, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Ertekin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Vurmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ömer Adil Korkmaz
- Departmentof Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Sadi
- Departmentof Biology, Faculty of Science, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Esra Aslan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Han Koca
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabük University, 78020, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bilgehan Pektaş
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Qiu JJ, Yang RZ, Tang YJ, Lin YY, Xu HJ, Zhang N, Liang M, Cai HD, Zeng K, Wu XD. BRD4 and PIN1 gene polymorphisms are associated with high pulse pressure risk in a southeastern Chinese population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:475. [PMID: 33148187 PMCID: PMC7640679 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BRD4 and PIN1 have been described to be involved in inflammation and vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, which in turn may increase pulse pressure. Hypothesis Genetic mutations within the BRD4 and PIN1 genes could affect the risk of high pulse pressure. Methods A total of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (BRD4: rs4808278; PIN1: rs2233678, rs2287838, and rs2233682) were genotyped in a cohort of 666 hypertensive patients and 232 normotensive controls with Chinese Han origin. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to screen the best interaction combination among the four SNPs within the BRD4 and PIN1 genes and diabetes. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratio (ORs) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for the association between the four SNPs. Results Adjusted for age, weight, waist circumference, drinking, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes, high pulse pressure risk was significantly higher for carriers with the rs4808278-TT genotype in BRD4 than those with wild genotypes (OR: 0.400, 95% CI: 0.217–0.737, P* < 0.05). However, we did not find any significant association of rs2233678, rs2287838, and rs2233682 in PIN1 with high pulse pressure susceptibility after covariate adjustment. GMDR analysis indicated a significant three-locus model (P = 0.0107) involving rs4808278, rs2233678, and diabetes, the cross-validation consistency of the three-locus models was 9/10, and the testing accuracy was 57.47%. Conclusions Genetic mutations within BRD4 (rs4808278) could affect the susceptibility to high pulse pressure in a southeastern Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jia Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Yi-Jie Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Ying-Yi Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Hao-Jie Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Hong-da Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
| | - Xiao-Dan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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Regnault V, Challande P, Pinet F, Li Z, Lacolley P. Cell senescence: basic mechanisms and the need for computational networks in vascular ageing. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:1841-1858. [PMID: 33206947 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review seeks to provide an update of the mechanisms of vascular cell senescence, from newly identified molecules to arterial ageing phenotypes, and finally to present a computational approach to connect these selected proteins in biological networks. We will discuss current key signalling and gene expression pathways by which these focus proteins and networks drive normal and accelerated vascular ageing. We also review the possibility that senolytic drugs, designed to restore normal cell differentiation and function, could effectively treat multiple age-related vascular diseases. Finally, we discuss how cell senescence is both a cause and a consequence of vascular ageing because of the possible feedback controls between identified networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Regnault
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, DCAC, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Pascal Challande
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Florence Pinet
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, IBPS, Biological Adaptation and Aging, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Lacolley
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, DCAC, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54000 Nancy, France
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Nakatsu Y, Matsunaga Y, Ueda K, Yamamotoya T, Inoue Y, Inoue MK, Mizuno Y, Kushiyama A, Ono H, Fujishiro M, Ito H, Okabe T, Asano T. Development of Pin1 Inhibitors and their Potential as Therapeutic Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3314-3329. [PMID: 30394205 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181105120911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The prolyl isomerase Pin1 is a unique enzyme, which isomerizes the cis-trans conformation between pSer/pThr and proline and thereby regulates the function, stability and/or subcellular distribution of its target proteins. Such regulations by Pin1 are involved in numerous physiological functions as well as the pathogenic mechanisms underlying various diseases. Notably, Pin1 deficiency or inactivation is a potential cause of Alzheimer's disease, since Pin1 induces the degradation of Tau. In contrast, Pin1 overexpression is highly correlated with the degree of malignancy of cancers, as Pin1 controls a number of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Accordingly, Pin1 inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs have been developed. Interestingly, recent intensive studies have demonstrated Pin1 to be responsible for the onset or development of nonalcoholic steatosis, obesity, atherosclerosis, lung fibrosis, heart failure and so on, all of which have been experimentally induced in Pin1 deficient mice. In this review, we discuss the possible applications of Pin1 inhibitors to a variety of diseases including malignant tumors and also introduce the recent advances in Pin1 inhibitor research, which have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yasuka Matsunaga
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masa-Ki Inoue
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yu Mizuno
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- The Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan
| | - Hiraku Ono
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- The Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hisanaka Ito
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Ahmad T, Suzuki YJ. Juglone in Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8040091. [PMID: 30959841 PMCID: PMC6523217 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Juglone (5-hydroxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a phenolic compound found in walnuts. Because of the antioxidant capacities of phenolic compounds, juglone may serve to combat oxidative stress, thereby protecting against the development of various diseases and aging processes. However, being a quinone molecule, juglone could also act as a redox cycling agent and produce reactive oxygen species. Such prooxidant properties of juglone may confer health effects, such as by killing cancer cells. Further, recent studies revealed that juglone influences cell signaling. Notably, juglone is an inhibitor of Pin1 (peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase) that could regulate phosphorylation of Tau, implicating potential effects of juglone in Alzheimer’s disease. Juglone also activates mitogen-activated protein kinases that could promote cell survival, thereby protecting against conditions such as cardiac injury. This review describes recent advances in the understanding of the effects and roles of juglone in oxidative stress and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taseer Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab 40100, Pakistan.
| | - Yuichiro J Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Ascorbate Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Increased Blood Pressure Induced by 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Amino-1,4-naphthoquinone in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8989676. [PMID: 30147836 PMCID: PMC6083601 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8989676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quinone derivatives like 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) amino-1,4-naphthoquinone (Q7) are used as antitumor agents usually associated with adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of ascorbate on Q7-induced cardiovascular response in Wistar rats. In this study, blood pressure, vascular reactivity, and intracellular calcium fluxes were evaluated in cardiomyocytes and the rat aorta. We also measured oxidative stress through lipid peroxidation (TBARS), superoxide dismutase- (SOD-) like activity, and H2O2 generation. Oral treatment of rats with ascorbate (500 mg/kg) for 20 days significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the Q7-induced increase (10 mg/kg) in blood pressure and heart rate. The preincubation with ascorbate (2 mM) significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated the irregular beating of the atrium induced by Q7 (10−5 M). In addition, ascorbate induced endothelial vasodilation in the presence of Q7 in the intact aortic rings of a rat and reduced the cytosolic calcium levels in vascular smooth muscle cells. Ascorbate also reduced the Q7-induced oxidative stress in vivo. Ascorbate also attenuated Q7-induced SOD-like activity and increased TBARS levels. These results suggest a cardioprotective effect in vivo of ascorbate in animals treated orally with a naphthoquinone derivative by a mechanism involving oxidative stress.
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Pektas MB, Turan O, Ozturk Bingol G, Sumlu E, Sadi G, Akar F. High glucose causes vascular dysfunction through Akt/eNOS pathway: reciprocal modulation by juglone and resveratrol. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29527953 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Transient elevations in blood glucose level may lead to changes in vascular function. Herein, we investigated the effects of high-glucose or high-fructose challenge, as well as potential influence of juglone or resveratrol on vascular reactivity, Akt/eNOS, and insulin signaling effectors in rat aorta. Aortic segments of rats were incubated with high glucose (30 mmol/L) or high fructose (2 mmol/L) in the absence and presence of juglone (5 μmol/L) or resveratrol (10 μmol/L). Acute high-glucose incubation markedly decreased acetylcholine-induced relaxation, which is further inhibited by juglone, but ameliorated by resveratrol. Incubation with high glucose caused significant reduction in pAkt/total Akt and peNOS/total eNOS ratios, as well as in the expression of some genes involved in insulin signaling. Juglone produced a further impairment, whereas resveratrol resulted in an improvement on the expression profiles of these proteins and genes. Acute exposure of aortic segments to high glucose causes a reduction in acetylcholine-induced relaxation in association with suppression of Akt/eNOS pathway, as well as several genes in insulin signaling pathway. Juglone and resveratrol have opposite actions on vascular relaxation and the above signaling targets. These findings could be relevant for the treatment of hyperglycemia-induced vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bilgehan Pektas
- a Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ozge Turan
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gozde Ozturk Bingol
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Sumlu
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Sadi
- c Department of Biology, K.Ö. Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Fatma Akar
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Chiasson VL, Bounds KR, Chatterjee P, Manandhar L, Pakanati AR, Hernandez M, Aziz B, Mitchell BM. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Ameliorate Cyclosporine A-Induced Hypertension in Mice. Hypertension 2018; 71:199-207. [PMID: 29133357 PMCID: PMC5730469 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) suppresses the immune system but promotes hypertension, vascular dysfunction, and renal damage. CsA decreases regulatory T cells and this contributes to the development of hypertension. However, CsA's effects on another important regulatory immune cell subset, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), is unknown. We hypothesized that augmenting MDSCs would ameliorate the CsA-induced hypertension and vascular and renal injury and dysfunction and that CsA reduces MDSCs in mice. Daily interleukin-33 treatment, which increased MDSC levels, completely prevented CsA-induced hypertension and vascular and renal toxicity. Adoptive transfer of MDSCs from control mice into CsA-treated mice after hypertension was established dose-dependently reduced blood pressure and vascular and glomerular injury. CsA treatment of aortas and kidneys isolated from control mice for 24 hours decreased relaxation responses and increased inflammation, respectively, and these effects were prevented by the presence of MDSCs. MDSCs also prevented the CsA-induced increase in fibronectin in microvascular and glomerular endothelial cells. Last, CsA dose-dependently reduced the number of MDSCs by inhibiting calcineurin and preventing cell proliferation, as other direct calcineurin signaling pathway inhibitors had the same dose-dependent effect. These data suggest that augmenting MDSCs can reduce the cardiovascular and renal toxicity and hypertension caused by CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valorie L Chiasson
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., K.R.B., P.C., L.M., A.R.P., M.H., B.A., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine/Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Kelsey R Bounds
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., K.R.B., P.C., L.M., A.R.P., M.H., B.A., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine/Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Piyali Chatterjee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., K.R.B., P.C., L.M., A.R.P., M.H., B.A., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine/Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Lochana Manandhar
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., K.R.B., P.C., L.M., A.R.P., M.H., B.A., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine/Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Abhinandan R Pakanati
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., K.R.B., P.C., L.M., A.R.P., M.H., B.A., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine/Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Marcos Hernandez
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., K.R.B., P.C., L.M., A.R.P., M.H., B.A., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine/Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Bilal Aziz
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., K.R.B., P.C., L.M., A.R.P., M.H., B.A., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine/Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Brett M Mitchell
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., K.R.B., P.C., L.M., A.R.P., M.H., B.A., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine/Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple.
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11
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Liang ES, Cheng W, Yang RX, Bai WW, Liu X, Zhao YX. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 deficiency attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in ApoE -/- mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 114:334-344. [PMID: 29269260 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 has been reported to be associated with endothelial dysfunction. However, the role of smooth muscle Pin1 in the vascular system remains unclear. Here, we examined the potential function of Pin1 in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and its contribution to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis. The level of Pin1 expression was found to be elevated in human AAA tissues and mainly localized to SMCs. We constructed smooth muscle-specific Pin1 knockout mice to explore the role of this protein in AAA formation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. AAA formation and elastin degradation were hindered by Pin1 depletion in the angiotensin II-induced mouse model. Pin1 depletion reversed the angiotensin II-induced pro-inflammatory and synthetic SMC phenotype switching via the nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65/Klf4 axis. Moreover, Pin1 depletion inhibited the angiotensin II-induced matrix metalloprotease activities. Mechanically, Pin1 deficiency destabilized NF-κB p65 by promoting its polyubiquitylation. Further, we found STAT1/3 bound to the Pin1 promoter, revealing that activation of STAT1/3 was responsible for the increased expression of Pin1 under angiotensin II stimulation. Thus, these results suggest that Pin1 regulates pro-inflammatory and synthetic SMC phenotype switching and could be a novel therapeutic target to limit AAA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Shun Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Xue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Wu Bai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Yu-Xia Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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12
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Ren H, Hu K. Inflammatory and oxidative stress‑associated factors in chronic intermittent hypoxia in Chinese patients, rats, lymphocytes and endotheliocytes. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8092-8102. [PMID: 28983603 PMCID: PMC5779894 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the association between inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS)-associated factors in chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), 238 CIH patients and 156 healthy volunteers were included. CIH rat and lymphocytes were used as experimental models. Interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were analyzed. Patients with CIH were older, with hypertension, increased heart rate (HR) and body mass index (BMI), and there were more males than females. Those with a history of smoking or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) history exhibited an increased risk of CIH. Serum IL-6, TNF-α and CRP in patients with CIH were increased, while NO and NOS were decreased. Hakka patients exhibited increased BMI measurements and NO expression, and decreased systolic arterial pressure, IL-6 and TNF-α compared with non-Hakka patients. Rats with CIH exhibited hypertension and stable weight, less activity and decreased appetite, increased HR and serum IL-6, TNF-α and CRP, and decreased NO and NOS. IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, NO and induced-NOS (iNOS) were increased in the lymphocytes of CIH rats compared with healthy ones. In rat endotheliocytes induced by CIH, IL-6, TNF-α, CRP and iNOS increased, while NO and endothelial-NOS (eNOS) decreased. In the supernatant of co-cultured lymphocytes and endotheliocytes, IL-6, TNF-α and CRP increased, although NO and NOS decreased. In conclusion, age, male gender, BMI, smoking and T2DM history, serum IL-6, TNF-α and CRP were positively correlated with CIH combined with hypertension, while NO and NOS were negatively correlated with CIH. Serum NO was predominantly synthesized and released by eNOS. Hakka patients exhibited decreased inflammation and OS with CIH. Increasing IL-6, TNF-α and CRP, and decreasing NO and NOS are biomarkers of CIH, which could be targets in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ren
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ke Hu
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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13
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Investigation of gene expression and serum levels of PIN1 and eNOS with high blood pressure in patients with Alzheimer disease. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 43:77-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Campaner E, Rustighi A, Zannini A, Cristiani A, Piazza S, Ciani Y, Kalid O, Golan G, Baloglu E, Shacham S, Valsasina B, Cucchi U, Pippione AC, Lolli ML, Giabbai B, Storici P, Carloni P, Rossetti G, Benvenuti F, Bello E, D'Incalci M, Cappuzzello E, Rosato A, Del Sal G. A covalent PIN1 inhibitor selectively targets cancer cells by a dual mechanism of action. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15772. [PMID: 28598431 PMCID: PMC5472749 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolyl isomerase PIN1, a critical modifier of multiple signalling pathways, is overexpressed in the majority of cancers and its activity strongly contributes to tumour initiation and progression. Inactivation of PIN1 function conversely curbs tumour growth and cancer stem cell expansion, restores chemosensitivity and blocks metastatic spread, thus providing the rationale for a therapeutic strategy based on PIN1 inhibition. Notwithstanding, potent PIN1 inhibitors are still missing from the arsenal of anti-cancer drugs. By a mechanism-based screening, we have identified a novel covalent PIN1 inhibitor, KPT-6566, able to selectively inhibit PIN1 and target it for degradation. We demonstrate that KPT-6566 covalently binds to the catalytic site of PIN1. This interaction results in the release of a quinone-mimicking drug that generates reactive oxygen species and DNA damage, inducing cell death specifically in cancer cells. Accordingly, KPT-6566 treatment impairs PIN1-dependent cancer phenotypes in vitro and growth of lung metastasis in vivo. PIN1 is a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this study, the authors identify a covalent inhibitor of PIN1 with anti-tumour and anti-metastatic properties thanks to PIN1 inactivation and to the release, after binding to PIN1, of a quinone-mimicking compound that elicits reactive oxygen generation and causes DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campaner
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rustighi
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zannini
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Alberto Cristiani
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Yari Ciani
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Ori Kalid
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, Massachusetts 02459, USA
| | - Gali Golan
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, Massachusetts 02459, USA
| | - Erkan Baloglu
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, Massachusetts 02459, USA
| | - Sharon Shacham
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, Massachusetts 02459, USA
| | | | - Ulisse Cucchi
- Nerviano Medical Sciences Srl, Nerviano 20014, Italy
| | | | - Marco Lucio Lolli
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Barbara Giabbai
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Paola Storici
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-5) and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-5) and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany.,Jülich Supercomputing Center (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Federica Benvenuti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Ezia Bello
- IRCCS-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano 20156, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- IRCCS-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano 20156, Italy
| | - Elisa Cappuzzello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV)-IRCCS, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
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15
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Chiasson VL, Pakanati AR, Hernandez M, Young KJ, Bounds KR, Mitchell BM. Regulatory T-Cell Augmentation or Interleukin-17 Inhibition Prevents Calcineurin Inhibitor-Induced Hypertension in Mice. Hypertension 2017; 70:183-191. [PMID: 28584011 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine A and tacrolimus alter T-cell subsets and can cause hypertension, vascular dysfunction, and renal toxicity. We and others have reported that cyclosporine A and tacrolimus decrease anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells and increase proinflammatory interleukin-17-producing T cells; therefore, we hypothesized that inhibition of these effects using noncellular therapies would prevent the hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and renal glomerular injury induced by calcineurin inhibitor therapy. Daily treatment of mice with cyclosporine A or tacrolimus for 1 week significantly decreased CD4+/FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes, as well as induced hypertension, vascular injury and dysfunction, and glomerular mesangial expansion in mice. Daily cotreatment with all-trans retinoic acid reported to increase regulatory T cells and decrease interleukin-17-producing T cells, prevented all of the detrimental effects of cyclosporine A and tacrolimus. All-trans retinoic acid also increased regulatory T cells and prevented the hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and glomerular injury in genetically modified mice that phenocopy calcineurin inhibitor-treated mice (FKBP12-Tie2 knockout). Treatment with an interleukin-17-neutralizing antibody also increased regulatory T-cell levels and prevented the hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and glomerular injury in cyclosporine A-treated and tacrolimus-treated mice and FKBP12-Tie2 knockout mice, whereas an isotype control had no effect. Augmenting regulatory T cells and inhibiting interleukin-17 signaling using noncellular therapies prevents the cardiovascular and renal toxicity of calcineurin inhibitors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valorie L Chiasson
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., A.R.P., M.H., K.J.Y., K.R.B., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Abhinandan R Pakanati
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., A.R.P., M.H., K.J.Y., K.R.B., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Marcos Hernandez
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., A.R.P., M.H., K.J.Y., K.R.B., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Kristina J Young
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., A.R.P., M.H., K.J.Y., K.R.B., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Kelsey R Bounds
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., A.R.P., M.H., K.J.Y., K.R.B., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple
| | - Brett M Mitchell
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (V.L.C., A.R.P., M.H., K.J.Y., K.R.B., B.M.M.) and Department of Medical Physiology (B.M.M.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple.
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16
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Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EHC. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:22-96. [PMID: 26706498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by releasing vasodilator substances. The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) initiating relaxation. The endothelial cells also evoke hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, EDH-mediated responses). As regards the latter, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) now appears to play a dominant role. Endothelium-dependent relaxations involve both pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi (e.g. responses to α2 -adrenergic agonists, serotonin, and thrombin) and pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq (e.g. adenosine diphosphate and bradykinin) coupling proteins. New stimulators (e.g. insulin, adiponectin) of the release of EDRFs have emerged. In recent years, evidence has also accumulated, confirming that the release of NO by the endothelial cell can chronically be upregulated (e.g. by oestrogens, exercise and dietary factors) and downregulated (e.g. oxidative stress, smoking, pollution and oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and that it is reduced with ageing and in the course of vascular disease (e.g. diabetes and hypertension). Arteries covered with regenerated endothelium (e.g. following angioplasty) selectively lose the pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway for NO release which favours vasospasm, thrombosis, penetration of macrophages, cellular growth and the inflammatory reaction leading to atherosclerosis. In addition to the release of NO (and EDH, in particular those due to H2 O2 ), endothelial cells also can evoke contraction of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent evidence confirms that most endothelium-dependent acute increases in contractile force are due to the formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endoperoxides and prostacyclin) which activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells and that prostacyclin plays a key role in such responses. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated when the production of nitric oxide is impaired (e.g. by oxidative stress, ageing, spontaneous hypertension and diabetes). They contribute to the blunting of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in aged subjects and essential hypertensive and diabetic patients. In addition, recent data confirm that the release of endothelin-1 can contribute to endothelial dysfunction and that the peptide appears to be an important contributor to vascular dysfunction. Finally, it has become clear that nitric oxide itself, under certain conditions (e.g. hypoxia), can cause biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) rather than cGMP and hence causes contraction rather than relaxation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - H. Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Feletou
- Department of Cardiovascular Research; Institut de Recherches Servier; Suresnes France
| | - E. H. C. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
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17
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Physiological and Pathogenic Roles of Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 in Metabolic Regulations via Multiple Signal Transduction Pathway Modulations. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091495. [PMID: 27618008 PMCID: PMC5037772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl isomerases are divided into three groups, the FKBP family, Cyclophilin and the Parvulin family (Pin1 and Par14). Among these isomerases, Pin1 is a unique prolyl isomerase binding to the motif including pSer/pThr-Pro that is phosphorylated by kinases. Once bound, Pin1 modulates the enzymatic activity, protein stability or subcellular localization of target proteins by changing the cis- and trans-formations of proline. Several studies have examined the roles of Pin1 in the pathogenesis of cancers and Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, recent studies have newly demonstrated Pin1 to be involved in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Interestingly, while Pin1 expression is markedly increased by high-fat diet feeding, Pin1 KO mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetic vascular dysfunction. These phenomena result from the binding of Pin1 to several key factors regulating metabolic functions, which include insulin receptor substrate-1, AMPK, Crtc2 and NF-κB p65. In this review, we focus on recent advances in elucidating the physiological roles of Pin1 as well as the pathogenesis of disorders involving this isomerase, from the viewpoint of the relationships between signal transductions and metabolic functions.
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18
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Wang JZ, Liu GJ, Li ZY, Wang XH. Pin1 in cardiovascular dysfunction: A potential double-edge role. Int J Cardiol 2016; 212:280-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Siragusa M, Fleming I. The eNOS signalosome and its link to endothelial dysfunction. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1125-1137. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Kennard S, Ruan L, Buffett RJ, Fulton D, Venema RC. TNFα reduces eNOS activity in endothelial cells through serine 116 phosphorylation and Pin1 binding: Confirmation of a direct, inhibitory interaction of Pin1 with eNOS. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 81:61-8. [PMID: 27073025 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Production of NO by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has a major role in blood pressure control and suppression of atherosclerosis. In a previous study, we presented evidence implicating the Pin1 prolyl isomerase in negative modulation of eNOS activity in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). Pin1 recognizes phosphoserine/phosphothreonine-proline motifs in target proteins and catalyzes prolyl isomerization at the peptide bond. In the present study, we show, first, with purified proteins, that Pin1 binds to eNOS directly via the Pin1 WW domain. Binding is enhanced by mimicking phosphorylation of eNOS at S116. Interaction of Pin1 with eNOS markedly reduces eNOS enzymatic activity. Second, in BAECs, we show that TNFα induces ERK 1/2-mediated S116 phosphorylation of eNOS, accompanied by Pin1 binding. TNFα treatment of BAECs results in a reduction in NO release from the cells in a manner that depends on the activities of both Pin1 and ERK 1/2. Evidence is also presented that this mechanism of eNOS regulation cannot occur in rat and mouse cells because there is no proline residue in the mouse and rat amino acid sequences adjacent to the putative phosphorylation site. Moreover, we find that phosphorylation of this site is not detectable in mouse eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kennard
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Ling Ruan
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Ryan J Buffett
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Richard C Venema
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
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21
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Cai ZX, Guo HS, Wang C, Wei M, Cheng C, Yang ZF, Chen YW, Le WD, Li S. Double-Edged Roles of Nitric Oxide Signaling on APP Processing and Amyloid-β Production In Vitro: Preliminary Evidence from Sodium Nitroprusside. Neurotox Res 2015; 29:21-34. [PMID: 26429731 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is thought to be caused in part by the age-related accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. Recent findings have revealed that nitric oxide (NO) modulates the processing of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) and alters Aβ production; however, the previously presented data are contradictory and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still incomplete. Here, using human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells stably transfected with wild-type APPwt695, we found that NO, derived from NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), bi-directionally modulates APP processing in vitro. The data from ELISA and Western blot (WB) tests indicated that SNP at lower concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 μM) inhibits BACE1 expression, thus consequently suppresses APP β-cleavage and decreases Aβ production. In contrast, SNP at higher concentrations (10 and 20 μM) biases the APP processing toward the amyloidogenic pathway as evidenced by an increased BACE1 but a decreased ADAM10 expression, together with an elevated Aβ secretion. This bi-directional modulating activity of SNP on APP processing was completely blocked by specific NO scavenger c-PTIO, indicating NO-dependent mechanisms. Moreover, the anti-amyloidogenic activity of SNP is sGC/cGMP/PKG-dependent as evidenced by its reversal by sGC/PKG inhibitions, whereas the amyloidogenic activity of SNP is peroxynitrite-related and can be reversed by peroxynitrite scavenger uric acid. In summary, these present findings predict a double-edged role of NO in APP processing in vitro. Low (physiological) levels of NO inhibit the amyloidogenic processing of APP, whereas extra-high (pathological) concentrations of NO favor the amyloidogenic pathway of APP processing. This preliminary study may provide further evidence to clarify the molecular roles of NO and NO-related signaling in AD and supply potential molecular targets for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Xu Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Hui-Shu Guo
- Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Che Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Min Wei
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Zhao-Fei Yang
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yin-Wang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Wei-Dong Le
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
| | - Song Li
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
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Rostam MA, Piva TJ, Rezaei HB, Kamato D, Little PJ, Zheng W, Osman N. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerases: functionality and potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:117-24. [PMID: 25377120 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) are a conserved group of enzymes that catalyse the conversion between cis and trans conformations of proline imidic peptide bonds. These enzymes play critical roles in regulatory mechanisms of cellular function and pathophysiology of disease. There are three different classes of PPIases and increasing interest in the development of specific PPIase inhibitors. Cyclosporine A, FK506, rapamycin and juglone are known PPIase inhibitors. Herein, we review recent advances in elucidating the role and regulation of the PPIase family in vascular disease. We focus on peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1), an important member of the PPIase family that plays a role in cell cycle progression, gene expression, cell signalling and cell proliferation. In addition, Pin1 may be involved in atherosclerosis. The unique role of Pin1 as a molecular switch that impacts on multiple downstream pathways necessitates the evaluation of a highly specific Pin1 inhibitor to aid in potential therapeutic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad A Rostam
- Discipline of Pharmacy, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia; Diabetes Complications Group, Metabolism, Exercise and Disease Program, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia; International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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23
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Effect of Pin1 inhibitor juglone on proliferation, migration and angiogenic ability of breast cancer cell line MCF7Adr. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26223922 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Pin1 inhibitor Juglone on proliferation, migration and the angiogenic ability of breast cancer cell line MCF7Adr. MCF7Adr cells were cultured and separately treated with Pin1 inhibitor Juglone (treatment group) and DMEM without drug (control group). The cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry. Cell migration was measured by wound-healing assay. Cyclin E protein content was detected by Western blotting. The angiogenesis factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cell media was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that the percentage of cells in G2/M phase in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group (25.5% vs. 10.1%, P<0.05), and that in G0/G1 phase and S stage in treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group (40.5% vs. 48.2%, and 33.7% vs. 41.7%, P<0.05). Cyclin E protein content in treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group (39.2 ± 7.4 vs. 100 ± 23.1, P<0.05). (A0-A24)/A0 value in treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group (23.9 ± 3.8 vs. 100 ± 14.4, P<0.05). VEGF-A, -B, and -C contents in cell media of treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). It was suggested that Pin1 inhibitor Juglone can effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration and the angiogenic ability of MCF7Adr cells, and can be used as an alternative drug therapy for breast cancer.
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Perrucci GL, Gowran A, Zanobini M, Capogrossi MC, Pompilio G, Nigro P. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerases: a full cast of critical actors in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:353-64. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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25
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Cho DH, Park JH, Joo Lee E, Jong Won K, Lee SH, Kim YH, Hwang S, Ja Kwon K, Young Shin C, Song KH, Jo I, Han SH. Valproic acid increases NO production via the SH-PTP1-CDK5-eNOS-Ser(116) signaling cascade in endothelial cells and mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:96-106. [PMID: 25150199 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) with its inhibitory activity of histone deacetylase has been used in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction. Because nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) plays a role in the maintenance of vascular function, NO is likely to mediate VPA׳s drug effect, but its effect on NO production remains controversial. We investigated whether and how VPA regulates NO production in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) and mice. VPA increased NO production in BAECs, which was accompanied by a decrease in phosphorylation of eNOS at serine 116 (eNOS-Ser(116)) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 at tyrosine 15 (CDK5-Tyr(15)). Ectopic expression of p25, a CDK5 activator, restored the VPA-inhibited eNOS-Ser(116) phosphorylation. In silico analysis revealed that the CDK5-Tyr(15) residue might be a substrate for SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SH-PTP1), and CDK5 actually interacted with SH-PTP1. VPA increased SH-PTP1 expression and its activity. Stibogluconate, a specific SH-PTP1 inhibitor, reversed the VPA-inhibited phosphorylation of CDK5-Tyr(15) and eNOS-Ser(116). Knockdown of SH-PTP1 using small interfering RNA also reversed all the observed effects of VPA. Finally, both serum NO level and acetylcholine-induced aortic relaxation increased in VPA-medicated male mice. These increases were accompanied by increased SH-PTP1 expression and decreased phosphorylation of CDK5-Tyr(15) and eNOS-Ser(116) in mouse aortas. In conclusion, VPA increases NO production by inhibiting the CDK5-Tyr(15)-eNOS-Ser(116) phosphorylation axis; this process is mediated by SH-PTP1. VPA may be useful in the treatment of NO-related cerebrocardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-Hyong Cho
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, SMART Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, and Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-746, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, SMART Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, and Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Kyung Jong Won
- Department of Medical Science, Institute of Functional Genomics, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Soojin Hwang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, SMART Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, and Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, SMART Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, and Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Kee-Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, Korea.
| | - Seol-Heui Han
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Center for Geriatric Neuroscience Research, SMART Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, and Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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Paneni F, Costantino S, Castello L, Battista R, Capretti G, Chiandotto S, D'Amario D, Scavone G, Villano A, Rustighi A, Crea F, Pitocco D, Lanza G, Volpe M, Del Sal G, Lüscher TF, Cosentino F. Targeting prolyl-isomerase Pin1 prevents mitochondrial oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction: insights in patients with diabetes. Eur Heart J 2014; 36:817-28. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Pin1, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and amyloid-β form a feedback signaling loop involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Med Hypotheses 2014; 82:145-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Wang JZ, Li SR, Li YL, Zhang YZ, Zhang T, Zhao CX, Yao CX, Du LF. Could Pin1 help us conquer essential hypertension at an earlier stage? A promising early-diagnostic biomarker and its therapeutic implications for the disease. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:931-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Osto E, Fallo F, Pelizzo MR, Maddalozzo A, Sorgato N, Corbetti F, Montisci R, Famoso G, Bellu R, Lüscher TF, Iliceto S, Tona F. Coronary microvascular dysfunction induced by primary hyperparathyroidism is restored after parathyroidectomy. Circulation 2012; 126:1031-9. [PMID: 22821942 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. However, data on the association between asymptomatic PHPT and cardiovascular risk are lacking. We assessed coronary flow reserve (CFR) as a marker of coronary microvascular function in asymptomatic PHPT of recent onset. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 100 PHPT patients (80 women; age, 58±12 years) without cardiovascular disease and 50 control subjects matched for age and sex. CFR in the left anterior descending coronary artery was detected by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, at rest, and during adenosine infusion. CFR was the ratio of hyperemic to resting diastolic flow velocity. CFR was lower in PHPT patients than in control subjects (3.0±0.8 versus 3.8±0.7; P<0.0001) and was abnormal (≤2.5) in 27 patients (27%) compared with control subjects (4%; P=0.0008). CFR was inversely related to parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (r=-0.3, P<0.004). In patients with CFR ≤2.5, PTH was higher (26.4 pmol/L [quartiles 1 and 3, 16 and 37 pmol/L] versus 18 [13-25] pmol/L; P<0.007), whereas calcium levels were similar (2.9±0.1 versus 2.8±0.3 mmol/L; P=0.2). In multivariable linear regression analysis, PTH, age, and heart rate were the only factors associated with CFR (P=0.04, P=0.01, and P=0.006, respectively). In multiple logistic regression analysis, only PTH increased the probability of CFR ≤2.5 (P=0.03). In all PHPT patients with CFR ≤2.5, parathyroidectomy normalized CFR (3.3±0.7 versus 2.1±0.5; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS PHPT patients have coronary microvascular dysfunction that is completely restored after parathyroidectomy. PTH independently correlates with the coronary microvascular impairment, suggesting a crucial role of the hormone in explaining the increased cardiovascular risk in PHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Osto
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Cardiol 2012; 27:441-54. [PMID: 22678411 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e3283558773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Johnson AW, Faraci FM. Trans-forming endothelial nitric oxide synthase in hypertension: more than meets the eye. Hypertension 2011; 58:359-60. [PMID: 21810653 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.177139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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