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Breivogel CS, Brenseke BM, Eldeeb K, Nichols K, Jonas A, Mistry AH, Barbalato L, Luibil N, Howlett AC, Leone-Kabler S, Hilgers RPH, Pulgar VM. Effects of Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and the Aminoalkylindole K2/Spice Constituent JWH-073 on Cardiac Tissue and Mesenteric Vascular Reactivity. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023. [PMID: 37010379 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although use of Cannabis sativa is not associated with serious adverse effects, recreational use of aminoalkylindole (AAI) cannabinoid receptor agonists found in K2/Spice herbal blends has been reported to cause adverse cardiovascular events, including angina, arrhythmia, changes in blood pressure, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is the primary CB1 agonist found in cannabis and JWH-073 is one of the AAI CB1 agonists found in K2/Spice brands sold to the public. Methods: This study used in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo approaches to investigate potential differences on cardiac tissue and vascular effects betweenJWH-073 and Δ9-THC. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with JWH-073 or Δ9-THC and cardiac injury was assessed by histology. Effects of JWH-073 and Δ9-THC on H9C2 cell viability and ex vivo mesenteric vascular reactivity were also determined. Results: JWH-073 or Δ9-THC induced typical cannabinoid effects of antinociception and hypothermia but did not promote death of cardiac myocytes. No differences in cell viability were observed in cultured H9C2 cardiac myocytes after 24 h of treatment. In isolated mesenteric arteries from drug-naive animals, JWH-073 produced significantly greater maximal relaxation (96%±2% vs. 73%±5%, p<0.05) and significantly greater inhibition of phenylephrine-mediated maximal contraction (Control 174%±11%KMAX) compared with Δ9-THC (50%±17% vs. 119%±16%KMAX, p<0.05). Discussion: These findings suggest that neither cannabinoid at the concentrations/dose studied caused cardiac cell death, but JWH-073 has the potential for greater vascular adverse events than Δ9-THC through an increased vasodilatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris S Breivogel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bonnie M Brenseke
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
| | - Khalil Eldeeb
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
- Al Azhar Damietta Faculty of Medicine, New Damietta, Egypt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katlyn Nichols
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amreen Jonas
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
| | - Artik H Mistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura Barbalato
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas Luibil
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allyn C Howlett
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sandra Leone-Kabler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rob P H Hilgers
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
| | - Victor M Pulgar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Biomedical Research Infrastructure Center, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Shah S, Schwenk ES, Sondekoppam RV, Clarke H, Zakowski M, Rzasa-Lynn RS, Yeung B, Nicholson K, Schwartz G, Hooten WM, Wallace M, Viscusi ER, Narouze S. ASRA Pain Medicine consensus guidelines on the management of the perioperative patient on cannabis and cannabinoids. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2023; 48:97-117. [PMID: 36596580 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2022-104013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The past two decades have seen an increase in cannabis use due to both regulatory changes and an interest in potential therapeutic effects of the substance, yet many aspects of the substance and their health implications remain controversial or unclear. METHODS In November 2020, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine charged the Cannabis Working Group to develop guidelines for the perioperative use of cannabis. The Perioperative Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids Guidelines Committee was charged with drafting responses to the nine key questions using a modified Delphi method with the overall goal of producing a document focused on the safe management of surgical patients using cannabinoids. A consensus recommendation required ≥75% agreement. RESULTS Nine questions were selected, with 100% consensus achieved on third-round voting. Topics addressed included perioperative screening, postponement of elective surgery, concomitant use of opioid and cannabis perioperatively, implications for parturients, adjustment in anesthetic and analgesics intraoperatively, postoperative monitoring, cannabis use disorder, and postoperative concerns. Surgical patients using cannabinoids are at potential increased risk for negative perioperative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Specific clinical recommendations for perioperative management of cannabis and cannabinoids were successfully created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Shah
- Dept of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, UC Irvine Health, Orange, California, USA
| | - Eric S Schwenk
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Hance Clarke
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Univ Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Zakowski
- Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Brent Yeung
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Gary Schwartz
- AABP Integrative Pain Care, Melville, New York, USA.,Anesthesiology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | | | - Mark Wallace
- Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eugene R Viscusi
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samer Narouze
- Center for Pain Medicine, Western Reserve Hospital, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, USA
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3
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Mińczuk K, Baranowska-Kuczko M, Krzyżewska A, Schlicker E, Malinowska B. Cross-Talk between the (Endo)Cannabinoid and Renin-Angiotensin Systems: Basic Evidence and Potential Therapeutic Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116350. [PMID: 35683028 PMCID: PMC9181166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the cross-talk between the (endo)cannabinoid and renin angiotensin systems (RAS). Activation of AT1 receptors (AT1Rs) by angiotensin II (Ang II) can release endocannabinoids that, by acting at cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs), modify the response to AT1R stimulation. CB1R blockade may enhance AT1R-mediated responses (mainly vasoconstrictor effects) or reduce them (mainly central nervous system-mediated effects). The final effects depend on whether stimulation of CB1Rs and AT1Rs induces opposite or the same effects. Second, CB1R blockade may diminish AT1R levels. Third, phytocannabinoids modulate angiotensin-converting enzyme-2. Additional studies are required to clarify (1) the existence of a cross-talk between the protective axis of the RAS (Ang II—AT2 receptor system or angiotensin 1-7—Mas receptor system) with components of the endocannabinoid system, (2) the influence of Ang II on constituents of the endocannabinoid system and (3) the (patho)physiological significance of AT1R-CB1R heteromerization. As a therapeutic consequence, CB1R antagonists may influence effects elicited by the activation or blockade of the RAS; phytocannabinoids may be useful as adjuvant therapy against COVID-19; single drugs acting on the (endo)cannabinoid system (cannabidiol) and the RAS (telmisartan) may show pharmacokinetic interactions since they are substrates of the same metabolizing enzyme of the transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Mińczuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.-K.); (A.K.)
| | - Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.-K.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Krzyżewska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.-K.); (A.K.)
| | - Eberhard Schlicker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (B.M.); Tel.: +48-85-7485699 (B.M.)
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.-K.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (B.M.); Tel.: +48-85-7485699 (B.M.)
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Kozakiewicz ML, Zhang J, Leone-Kabler S, Yamaleyeva LM, McDonald AG, Brost BC, Howlett AC. Differential Expression of CB 1 Cannabinoid Receptor and Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1a in Labor. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 7:279-288. [PMID: 33998898 PMCID: PMC9225407 DOI: 10.1089/can.2020.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The endocannabinoid system is present in multiple organ systems and is involved in smooth muscle regulation, immune function, neuroendocrine modulation, and metabolism of tissues. Limited data are available regarding the presence and role of this system in reproductive tissues. Components of the endocannabinoid system have been identified in myometrial and placental tissues. However, no study has investigated differential expression of the endocannabinoid system in labor. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify two components of the endocannabinoid system, the CB1 cannabinoid receptor and cannabinoid receptor interacting protein 1a (CRIP1a) in uterine and placental tissues, and to determine if there is differential expression in tissues exposed to labor. We hypothesized that CB1 cannabinoid receptor concentration would be altered in uterine and placental tissue exposed to labor compared with tissues not exposed to labor. Study Design: Uterine and placental tissue samples were collected in nine laboring and 11 nonlaboring women undergoing cesarean delivery. CB1 cannabinoid receptor and CRIP1a presence and quantification were evaluated using western blot, immunohistochemistry, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Statistical comparisons of laboring and nonlaboring subjects were made for uterine and placental tissue using a Mann-Whitney test. Results: Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positive staining for CB1 cannabinoid receptors and CRIP1a in uterine tissue. The protein abundance of CB1 cannabinoid receptor in uterine tissue was significantly lower in tissues exposed to labor (p=0.01). The protein abundance of CRIP1a was lower in uterine tissue exposed to labor but did not reach statistical significance (p=0.06). mRNA expression of CB1 cannabinoid receptor (p=0.20) and CRIP1a (p=0.63) did not differ in labored compared with nonlabored uterine tissues. Conclusions: Our findings of diminished protein density of CB1 cannabinoid receptor in uterine tissue exposed to labor support the hypothesis that the endocannabinoid system plays a role in parturition. Our data add to the growing body of evidence indicating the endocannabinoid system is of importance for successful reproduction and support the need for additional research investigating this complex system as it pertains to labor. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03752021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. Kozakiewicz
- Section on Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Section on Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sandra Leone-Kabler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liliya M. Yamaleyeva
- Department of Surgery, Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine BioTech Place, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna G. McDonald
- Department of Pathology, Perinatal/Autopsy Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian C. Brost
- Section on Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allyn C. Howlett
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Allerkamp HH, Pole T, Boukham A, James JL, Clark AR. Predicting pregnancy specific uterine vascular reactivity: A data driven computational model of shear-dependent, myogenic, and mechanical radial artery features. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H72-H88. [PMID: 35452318 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00693.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The entire maternal circulation adapts to pregnancy, and this adaption is particularly extensive in the uterine circulation where the major vessels double in size to facilitate an approximately 15-fold increase in blood supply to this organ over the course of pregnancy. Several factors may play a role in both the remodelling and biomechanical function of the uterine vasculature including the paracrine microenvironment, passive properties of the vessel wall, and active components of vascular function (incorporating the myogenic response and response to shear stress induced by intravascular blood flow). However, the interplay between these factors, and how this plays out in an organ-specific manner to induce the extent of remodelling observed in the uterus is not well understood. Here we present an integrated assessment of the uterine radial arteries, likely rate-limiters to flow of oxygenated maternal blood to the placental surface, via computational modelling and pressure myography. We show that uterine radial arteries behave differently to other systemic vessels (higher compliance and shear mediated constriction) and that their properties change with the adaptation to pregnancy (higher myogenic tone, higher compliance, and ability to tolerate higher flow rates before constricting). Together, this provides a useful tool to improve our understanding of the role of uterine vascular adaptation in normal and abnormal pregnancies and highlights the need for vascular bed specific investigations of vascular function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Helene Allerkamp
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Teagan Pole
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ali Boukham
- Mechanics and Engineering Institute (I2M), Environmental and Civil Engineering Department (GCE), University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Joanna L James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alys R Clark
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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6
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Golosova D, Levchenko V, Kravtsova O, Palygin O, Staruschenko A. Acute and long-term effects of cannabinoids on hypertension and kidney injury. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6080. [PMID: 35413977 PMCID: PMC9005691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids and their endogenous and synthetic analogs impact blood pressure and contribute to the incidence of hypertension. It was previously reported that the endocannabinoid system plays an important role in developing hypertension; however, it was also shown that cannabinoids elicit profound hypotension associated with hemorrhagic, cardiogenic, and endotoxic shock. This study aimed to test acute and chronic effects of an endogenous ligand of cannabinoid receptor anandamide (AEA) on blood pressure and kidney injury in vivo in conscious Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats. We demonstrated that acute i.v. bolus administration of a low or a high doses (0.05 or 3 mg/kg) of AEA did not affect blood pressure for 2 h after the injection in Dahl SS rats fed a normal salt diet (0.4% NaCl). Neither low nor high doses of AEA had any beneficial effects on blood pressure or kidney function. Furthermore, hypertensive rats fed a HS diet (8% NaCl) and chronically treated with 3 mg/kg of AEA exhibited a significant increase in blood pressure accompanied by increased renal interstitial fibrosis and glomerular damage at the late stage of hypertension. Western blot analyses revealed increased expression of Smad3 protein levels in the kidney cortex in response to chronic treatment with a high AEA dose. Therefore, TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway may play a crucial role in kidney injury in SS hypertension during chronic treatment with AEA. Collectively, these data indicate that prolonged stimulation of cannabinoid receptors may result in aggravation of hypertension and kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Golosova
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr., Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Olha Kravtsova
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr., Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr., Tampa, FL, 33602, USA. .,Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA. .,Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
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7
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Uteroplacental Circulation in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia: Functional Adaptation and Maladaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168622. [PMID: 34445328 PMCID: PMC8395300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uteroplacental blood flow increases as pregnancy advances. Adequate supply of nutrients and oxygen carried by uteroplacental blood flow is essential for the well-being of the mother and growth/development of the fetus. The uteroplacental hemodynamic change is accomplished primarily through uterine vascular adaptation, involving hormonal regulation of myogenic tone, vasoreactivity, release of vasoactive factors and others, in addition to the remodeling of spiral arteries. In preeclampsia, hormonal and angiogenic imbalance, proinflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies cause dysfunction of both endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells of the uteroplacental vasculature. Consequently, the vascular dysfunction leads to increased vascular resistance and reduced blood flow in the uteroplacental circulation. In this article, the (mal)adaptation of uteroplacental vascular function in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia and underlying mechanisms are reviewed.
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8
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Gatford KL, Andraweera PH, Roberts CT, Care AS. Animal Models of Preeclampsia: Causes, Consequences, and Interventions. Hypertension 2020; 75:1363-1381. [PMID: 32248704 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy complication, affecting 2% to 8% of pregnancies worldwide, and is an important cause of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Importantly, although aspirin and calcium are able to prevent preeclampsia in some women, there is no cure apart from delivery of the placenta and fetus, often necessitating iatrogenic preterm birth. Preclinical models of preeclampsia are widely used to investigate the causes and consequences of preeclampsia and to evaluate safety and efficacy of potential preventative and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we provide a summary of the published preclinical models of preeclampsia that meet human diagnostic criteria, including the development of maternal hypertension, together with new-onset proteinuria, maternal organ dysfunction, and uteroplacental dysfunction. We then discuss evidence from preclinical models for multiple causal factors of preeclampsia, including those implicated in early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia. Next, we discuss the impact of exposure to a preeclampsia-like environment for later maternal and progeny health. The presence of long-term impairment, particularly cardiovascular outcomes, in mothers and progeny after an experimentally induced preeclampsia-like pregnancy, implies that later onset or reduced severity of preeclampsia will improve later maternal and progeny health. Finally, we summarize published intervention studies in preclinical models and identify gaps in knowledge that we consider should be targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Gatford
- From the Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Prabha H Andraweera
- From the Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claire T Roberts
- From the Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alison S Care
- From the Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
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9
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Pulgar VM, Yasuda M, Gan L, Desnick RJ, Bonkovsky HL. Sex differences in vascular reactivity in mesenteric arteries from a mouse model of acute intermittent porphyria. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:376-381. [PMID: 30639047 PMCID: PMC6612470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) results from a partial deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD). Symptomatic AIP patients, most of whom are women, experience acute attacks characterized by severe abdominal pain and abrupt increases in blood pressure. Here, we characterized the reactivity of mesenteric arteries from male and female AIP mice with ~30% of normal PBGD activity and wild type C57BL/6 mice. METHODS An acute porphyric attack was induced in AIP mice by treatment with phenobarbital. Vascular responses to K+, phenylephrine (PE), acetylcholine (ACh), and hemin were determined (Wire Multi Myograph). RESULTS Maximal contraction to PE was increased in arteries from male and female AIP mice (p < .05) during an induced attack of acute porphyria. Female AIP arteries had increased sensitivity to PE (p < .05) even after nitric oxide (NO) blockade with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (p < .05). Maximal relaxation to ACh was similar in males and females with lower sensitivity in female AIP arteries (p < .05). Hemin induced greater relaxation in AIP arteries in both males and females (p < .05). SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS Sex differences in this AIP mouse model include a pro-contractile response in females. These alterations may contribute to the increased blood pressure during an acute attack and provide a novel mechanism of action whereby heme ameliorates the attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Pulgar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Makiko Yasuda
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Robert J Desnick
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Herbert L Bonkovsky
- Section on Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Wake Forest University/NC Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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10
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Malinowska B, Toczek M, Pędzińska‐Betiuk A, Schlicker E. Cannabinoids in arterial, pulmonary and portal hypertension - mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic significance. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1395-1411. [PMID: 29455452 PMCID: PMC6487561 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is overactivated in arterial, pulmonary and portal hypertension. In this paper, we present limited clinical data concerning the role of cannabinoids in human hypertension including polymorphism of endocannabinoid system components. We underline differences between the acute cannabinoid administration and their potential hypotensive effect after chronic application in experimental hypertension. We discuss pleiotropic effects of cannabinoids on the cardiovascular system mediated via numerous neuronal and non‐neuronal mechanisms both in normotension and in hypertension. The final results are dependent on the model of hypertension, age, sex, the cannabinoid ligands used or the action via endocannabinoid metabolites. More experimental and clinical studies are needed to clarify the role of endocannabinoids in hypertension, not only in the search for new therapeutic strategies but also in the context of cardiovascular effects of cannabinoids and the steadily increasing legalization of cannabis use for recreational and medical purposes.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and PathophysiologyMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | - Marek Toczek
- Department of Experimental Physiology and PathophysiologyMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | - Anna Pędzińska‐Betiuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and PathophysiologyMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
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11
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Martín Giménez VM, Noriega SE, Kassuha DE, Fuentes LB, Manucha W. Anandamide and endocannabinoid system: an attractive therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 12:177-190. [PMID: 29764302 DOI: 10.1177/1753944718773690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is currently not adequately managed and has become one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapies are inadequate in terms of preventing its progression. There are several limitations, such as poor oral bioavailability, side effects, low adherence to treatment, and high dosage frequency of formulations due to the short half-life of the active ingredients used, among others. This review aims to highlight the most relevant aspects of the relationship between the cardiovascular system and the endocannabinoid system, with special attention to the possible translational effect of the use of anandamide in cardiovascular health. The deep and detailed knowledge of this interaction, not always beneficial, and that for years has gone unnoticed, is essential for the development of new therapies. We discuss the most recent and representative results obtained in the field of basic research, referring to the aforementioned subject, emphasizing fundamentally the main role of nitric oxide, renal physiology and its deregulation in pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Edith Noriega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, Sede San Juan, Argentina
| | - Diego Enrique Kassuha
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, Sede San Juan, Argentina
| | | | - Walter Manucha
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental Básica y Traslacional, Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, Mendoza, CP 5500, Argentina
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Goulopoulou
- From the Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
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13
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Karpińska O, Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kloza M, Kozłowska H. Endocannabinoids modulate G q/11 protein-coupled receptor agonist-induced vasoconstriction via a negative feedback mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 70:214-222. [PMID: 29148061 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The endocannabinoid (eCB) system centrally and peripherally regulates cardiovascular parameters, including blood pressure, in health and disease. The relationship between Gq/11 protein-coupled receptor activation, regulation of eCBs release (mainly 2-arachidonoylglycerol) and subsequent CB1 receptor activation was initially observed in the central nervous system. Here, we review the latest findings from systemic physiological studies which include for the first time data from pulmonary arteries. We present evidence for direct CB1 -dependent cannabinoid ligand-induced vasorelaxation, vascular expression of eCBs along with their degradation enzymes, and indicate the location of the described interaction. KEY FINDINGS Endocannabinoids (mainly 2-arachidonoylglycerol), acting via CB1 receptors, evoke vasodilatory effects and may modulate responses of vasoconstrictors for Gq/11 protein-coupled receptors including angiotensin II, thromboxane A2 , phenylephrine, noradrenaline in systemic or pulmonary arteries. However, the role of the endothelium in this interaction is not well-established, and the precise vascular location of eCB system components remains unclear, which contributes to discrepancies in the interpretation of results when describing the above-mentioned relationship. SUMMARY Endocannabinoid's negative feedback is responsible for diminishing agonist-induced vasoconstriction, which may be clinically important in the treatment of arterial and pulmonary hypertension. Further research is required to establish the importance of the eCB system and its downstream signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Karpińska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Kloza
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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14
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Osikoya O, Jaini PA, Nguyen A, Valdes M, Goulopoulou S. Effects of low-dose aspirin on maternal blood pressure and vascular function in an experimental model of gestational hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:267-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Mirabito Colafella
- From the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.M.M.C., A.H.J.D.); and Cardiovascular Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C.)
| | - A H Jan Danser
- From the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.M.M.C., A.H.J.D.); and Cardiovascular Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C.).
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16
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From apelin to exercise: emerging therapies for management of hypertension in pregnancy. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:519-525. [PMID: 28381873 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies over the last couple of decades have provided exciting new insights into mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. In addition, several novel and innovative molecules and ideas for management of the syndrome have also come forth. While our basic understanding of the initiating events of preeclampsia continues to be placental ischemia/hypoxia stimulating the release of a variety of factors from the placenta that act on the cardiovascular and renal systems, the number of candidate pathways for intervention continues to increase. Recent studies have identified apelin and its receptor, APJ, as an important contributor to the regulation of cardiovascular and fluid balance that is found to be disrupted in preeclampsia. Likewise, continued studies have revealed a critical role for the complement arm of the innate immune system in placental ischemia induced hypertension and in preeclampsia. Finally, the recent increase in animal models for studying hypertensive disorders of pregnancy has provided opportunities to evaluate the potential role for physical activity and exercise in a more mechanistic fashion. While the exact quantitative importance of the various endothelial and humoral factors that mediate vasoconstriction and elevation of arterial pressure during preeclampsia remains unclear, significant progress has been made. Thus, the goal of this review is to discuss recent efforts towards identifying therapies for hypertension during pregnancy that derive from work exploring the apelinergic system, the complement system as well as the role that exercise and physical activity may play to that end.
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17
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Karpińska O, Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kloza M, Ambroz Ewicz E, Kozłowski T, Kasacka I, Malinowska B, Kozłowska H. Activation of CB 1 receptors by 2-arachidonoylglycerol attenuates vasoconstriction induced by U46619 and angiotensin II in human and rat pulmonary arteries. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R883-R893. [PMID: 28356298 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00324.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that endocannabinoids acting via cannabinoid CB1 receptors may modulate vascular responses of various vasoconstrictors in the rodent systemic vasculature. The aim of the study was to investigate whether endocannabinoids modulate the contractile responses evoked by a thromboxane A2 analog (U46619), angiotensin II (ANG II), serotonin (5-HT), and phenylephrine, which stimulate distinct Gq/11 protein-coupled receptors (thromboxane, ANG II type 1, 5-HT2, and α1-adrenergic receptors) in isolated endothelium-intact human and rat pulmonary arteries (hPAs and rPAs, respectively). The CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (1 μM) and diacylglycerol lipase (2-arachidonoylglycerol synthesis enzyme) inhibitor RHC80267 (40 μM) enhanced contractions induced by U46619 in hPAs and rPAs and by ANG II in rPAs in an endothelium-dependent manner. AM251 did not influence vasoconstrictions induced by 5-HT or phenylephrine in rPAs. The monoacylglycerol lipase (2-arachidonoylglycerol degradation enzyme) inhibitor JZL184 (1 μM), but not the fatty acid amide hydrolase (anandamide degradation enzyme) inhibitor URB597 (1 μM), attenuated contractions evoked by U46619 in hPAs and rPAs and ANG II in rPAs. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol concentration-dependently induced relaxation of hPAs, which was inhibited by endothelium denudation or AM251 and enhanced by JZL184. Expression of CB1 receptors was confirmed in hPAs and rPAs using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The present study shows the protective interaction between the endocannabinoid system and vasoconstriction in response to U46619 and ANG II in the human and rat pulmonary circulation. U46619 and ANG II may stimulate rapid endothelial release of endocannabinoids (mainly 2-arachidonoylglycerol), leading to CB1 receptor-dependent and/or CB1 receptor-independent vasorelaxation, which in the negative feedback mechanism reduces later agonist-induced vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Karpińska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Kloza
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Ambroz Ewicz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kozłowski
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland; and
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland;
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18
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Age-specific influences of chronic administration of the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor URB597 on cardiovascular parameters and organ hypertrophy in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:363-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kozłowska H, Kloza M, Karpińska O, Toczek M, Harasim E, Kasacka I, Malinowska B. Protective role of cannabinoid CB1 receptors and vascular effects of chronic administration of FAAH inhibitor URB597 in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2016; 151:288-299. [PMID: 26969765 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study examined whether the fall in blood pressure (BP) induced by the chronic inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) by URB597 in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA-salt) hypertensive rats correlates with endocannabinoid-mediated vascular changes. MAIN METHODS Functional studies were performed in isolated endothelium-intact aortas and small mesenteric arteries (sMAs) using organ bath technique and wire myography, respectively. KEY FINDINGS In the DOCA-salt rats, methanandamide-stimulated relaxation was enhanced in sMAs or diminished in aortas. Its vasorelaxant effect in sMAs was sensitive to the antagonist of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), capsazepine, in normo- and hypertensive animals and to the antagonist of the cannabinoid CB1 receptors, AM6545, only in DOCA-salt rats. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors were up-regulated merely in DOCA-salt sMAs. URB597 decreased elevated BP in DOCA-salt rats, medial hypertrophy in DOCA-salt aortas. In sMAs it reduced FAAH expression and restored the augmented phenylephrine-induced contraction in the DOCA-salt rats to the level obtained in normotensive controls. In normotensive rats it diminished endothelium-dependent relaxation and increased phenylephrine-induced contraction. SIGNIFICANCE The study showed the protective role of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in DOCA-salt sMAs. Reduction in BP after chronic administration of the FAAH inhibitor URB597 in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats only partially correlates with structural and functional changes in conductance and resistance vessels, respectively. Caution should be taken in studying cannabinoids and FAAH inhibitors as potential therapeutics, because of their vessel- and model-specific activities, and side effects connected with off-target response and activation of alternative pathways of anandamide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Kloza
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Olga Karpińska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Toczek
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Harasim
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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20
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Abstract
Our understanding of hypertension during pregnancy and, in particular, preeclampsia has changed dramatically over the last decade. During the last year (2014–2015), several articles published in Hypertension have provided important insights into the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and its related complications.1–38 In addition, Hypertension also published some key research communications that translated important basic science observations into the clinic. Some of these articles are briefly discussed, highlighting their significance to our understanding of the mechanism of the disease, to predict the disease and to treat or prevent hypertension during pregnancy and other preeclampsia-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ananth Karumanchi
- From the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.A.K.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS (J.P.G.)
| | - Joey P Granger
- From the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.A.K.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS (J.P.G.).
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21
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Pulgar VM, Yamaleyeva LM, Varagic J, McGee C, Bader M, Dechend R, Brosnihan KB. Functional changes in the uterine artery precede the hypertensive phenotype in a transgenic model of hypertensive pregnancy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E811-7. [PMID: 26394667 PMCID: PMC4628942 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00526.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The pregnant female human angiotensinogen (hAGN) transgenic rat mated with the male human renin (hREN) transgenic rat is a model of preeclampsia (TgA) with increased blood pressure, proteinuria, and placenta alterations of edema and necrosis at late gestation. We studied vascular responses and the role of COX-derived prostanoids in the uterine artery (UA) at early gestation in this model. TgA UA showed lower stretch response, similar smooth muscle α-actin content, and lower collagen content compared with Sprague-Dawley (SD) UA. Vasodilation to acetylcholine was similar in SD and TgA UA (64 ± 8 vs. 75 ± 6% of relaxation, P > 0.05), with an acetylcholine-induced contraction in TgA UA that was abolished by preincubation with indomethacin (78 ± 6 vs. 83 ± 11%, P > 0.05). No differences in the contraction to phenylephrine were observed (159 ± 11 vs. 134 ± 12 %KMAX, P > 0.05), although in TgA UA this response was greatly affected by preincubation with indomethacin (179 ± 16 vs. 134 ± 9 %KMAX, P < 0.05, pD2 5.92 ± 0.08 vs. 5.85 ± 0.03, P < 0.05). Endothelium-independent vasodilation was lower in TgA UA (92 ± 2 vs. 74 ± 5% preconstricted tone, P < 0.05), and preincubation with indomethacin restored the response to normal values (90 ± 3 vs. 84 ± 3%). Immunostaining showed similar signals for α-actin, COX-2, and eNOS between groups (P > 0.05). Plasma thromboxane levels were similar between groups. In summary, TgA UA displays functional alterations at early gestation before the preeclamptic phenotype is established. Inhibition of COX enzymes normalizes some of the functional defects in the TgA UA. An increased role for COX-derived prostanoids in this model of preeclampsia may contribute to the development of a hypertensive pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Pulgar
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Biomedical Research and Infrastructure Center, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;
| | | | | | | | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Hospital Berlin, and HELIOS-Clinic, Berlin, Germany; and Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Hospital Berlin, and HELIOS-Clinic, Berlin, Germany; and
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22
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Yamaleyeva LM, Pulgar VM, Lindsey SH, Yamane L, Varagic J, McGee C, daSilva M, Lopes Bonfa P, Gurley SB, Brosnihan KB. Uterine artery dysfunction in pregnant ACE2 knockout mice is associated with placental hypoxia and reduced umbilical blood flow velocity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E84-94. [PMID: 25968580 PMCID: PMC4490333 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00596.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) knockout is associated with reduced fetal weight at late gestation; however, whether uteroplacental vascular and/or hemodynamic disturbances underlie this growth-restricted phenotype is unknown. Uterine artery reactivity and flow velocities, umbilical flow velocities, trophoblast invasion, and placental hypoxia were determined in ACE2 knockout (KO) and C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) mice at day 14 of gestation. Although systolic blood pressure was higher in pregnant ACE2 KO vs. WT mice (102.3 ± 5.1 vs. 85.1 ± 1.9 mmHg, n = 5-6), the magnitude of difference was similar to that observed in nonpregnant ACE2 KO vs. WT mice. Maternal urinary protein excretion, serum creatinine, and kidney or heart weights were not different in ACE2 KO vs. WT. Fetal weight and pup-to-placental weight ratio were lower in ACE2 KO vs. WT mice. A higher sensitivity to Ang II [pD2 8.64 ± 0.04 vs. 8.5 ± 0.03 (-log EC50)] and greater maximal contraction to phenylephrine (169.0 ± 9.0 vs. 139.0 ± 7.0% KMAX), were associated with lower immunostaining for Ang II receptor 2 and fibrinoid content of the uterine artery in ACE2 KO mice. Uterine artery flow velocities and trophoblast invasion were similar between study groups. In contrast, umbilical artery peak systolic velocities (60.2 ± 4.5 vs. 75.1 ± 4.5 mm/s) and the resistance index measured using VEVO 2100 ultrasound were lower in the ACE2 KO vs. WT mice. Immunostaining for pimonidazole, a marker of hypoxia, and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α were higher in the trophospongium and placental labyrinth of the ACE2 KO vs. WT. In summary, placental hypoxia and uterine artery dysfunction develop before major growth of the fetus occurs and may explain the fetal growth restricted phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya M Yamaleyeva
- The Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;
| | - Victor M Pulgar
- The Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - Larissa Yamane
- The Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jasmina Varagic
- The Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Carolynne McGee
- The Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mauro daSilva
- The Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Paula Lopes Bonfa
- The Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Susan B Gurley
- Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - K Bridget Brosnihan
- The Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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23
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Decreased circulating anandamide levels in preeclampsia. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:413-8. [PMID: 25716652 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system has a key role in female reproduction, including implantation, decidualization and placentation. A growing number of studies indicate that placental and peripheral blood anandamide levels correlate closely with both spontaneous miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy. Anandamide has also been implicated in blood pressure regulation. In this study, we aimed to determine circulating anandamide levels in preeclampsia for the first time in the literature. Forty-three preeclamptic patients and 71 healthy pregnant women were involved in this case-control study. Serum anandamide concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Serum total soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and biologically active placental growth factor (PlGF) levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. For statistical analyses, nonparametric methods were applied. Serum levels of anandamide were significantly lower in preeclamptic patients than in healthy pregnant women (0.75 (0.44-1.03) ng ml(-1) vs. 1.30 (0.76-2.0) ng ml(-1), P<0.001). Preeclamptic patients had significantly higher sFlt-1 levels (12,121 (7963-18,316) pg ml(-1) vs. 2299 (1393-3179) pg ml(-1), P<0.001) and significantly lower PlGF concentrations (71.2 (39.2-86.4) pg ml(-1) vs. 256.8 (181.1-421.0) pg ml(-1), P<0.001) as compared with healthy pregnant women. Serum anandamide concentrations did not correlate with serum levels of sFlt-1 and PlGF in our healthy pregnant and preeclamptic groups. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time in the literature that serum anandamide concentrations are decreased in women with preeclampsia. However, the cause and consequence of this observation remain to be determined.
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