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Chen J, Wei JQ, Hong MN, Zhang Z, Zhou HD, Lu YY, Zhang J, Guo YT, Chen X, Wang JG, Gao PJ, Li XD. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Mediate Adventitial Fibroblast Activation and Neointima Formation via GATA4/Cyclin D1 Axis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:527-538. [PMID: 36652042 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by pathological stimuli participates in cardiovascular diseases. Dysfunction of adventitial fibroblast has emerged as a critical regulator in vascular remodeling, while the potential mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of different activation of MAPKs in adventitial fibroblast contributing to neointima formation. METHODS Balloon injury procedure was performed in male 12-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. After injury, MAPK inhibitors were applied to the adventitia of injured arteries to suppress MAPK activation. Adventitial fibroblasts were stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) with or without MAPK inhibitors. RNA sequencing was performed to investigate the change of pathway and cell function. Wound healing, transwell assay, and flow cytometry were used to analyze adventitial fibroblast function. RESULTS Phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) was increased in injured arteries after balloon injury. In primary culture of adventitial fibroblasts, PDGF-BB increased phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK1/2, and extracellular regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) in a short time, which was normalized by their inhibitors respectively. Compared with the injury group, perivascular administration of four MAPK inhibitors significantly attenuated neointima formation by quantitative analysis of neointimal area, intima to media (I/M) ratio, and lumen area. RNA sequencing of adventitial fibroblasts treated with PDGF-BB with or without four inhibitors demonstrated differentially expressed genes involved in multiple biological processes, including cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and inflammatory response. Wound healing and transwell assays showed that four inhibitors suppressed PDGF-BB-induced adventitial fibroblast migration. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry demonstrated that JNK, ERK1/2, and ERK5 but not p38 inhibitor blocked PDGF-BB-induced G1 phase release associated with decrease expression of cell cycle protein Cyclin D1 and transcription factor GATA4. Moreover, four inhibitors decreased macrophage infiltration into adventitia and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression. CONCLUSION These results suggest that MAPKs differentially regulate activation of adventitial fibroblast through GATA4/Cyclin D1 axis that participates in neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Qiu Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo-Na Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Han-Dan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Tong Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Guang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, China.
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Asri AK, Lee HY, Chen YL, Wong PY, Hsu CY, Chen PC, Lung SCC, Chen YC, Wu CD. A machine learning-based ensemble model for estimating diurnal variations of nitrogen oxide concentrations in Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170209. [PMID: 38278267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is inextricable from human activity patterns. This is especially true for nitrogen oxide (NOx), a pollutant that exists naturally and also as a result of anthropogenic factors. Assessing exposure by considering diurnal variation is a challenge that has not been widely studied. Incorporating 27 years of data, we attempted to estimate diurnal variations in NOx across Taiwan. We developed a machine learning-based ensemble model that integrated hybrid kriging-LUR, machine-learning, and an ensemble learning approach. Hybrid kriging-LUR was performed to select the most influential predictors, and machine-learning algorithms were applied to improve model performance. The three best machine-learning algorithms were suited and reassessed to develop ensemble learning that was designed to improve model performance. Our ensemble model resulted in estimates of daytime, nighttime, and daily NOx with high explanatory powers (Adj-R2) of 0.93, 0.98, and 0.94, respectively. These explanatory powers increased from the initial model that used only hybrid kriging-LUR. Additionally, the results depicted the temporal variation of NOx, with concentrations higher during the daytime than the nighttime. Regarding spatial variation, the highest NOx concentrations were identified in northern and western Taiwan. Model evaluations confirmed the reliability of the models. This study could serve as a reference for regional planning supporting emission control for environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aji Kusumaning Asri
- Department of Geomatics, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lee
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ling Chen
- Department of Geomatics, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Yi Wong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Yu Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taiwan.
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chun Candice Lung
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
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Bhattarai P, Lu W, Hardikar A, Dey S, Gaikwad AV, Shahzad AM, Chia C, Williams A, Singhera GK, Hackett TL, Eapen MS, Sohal SS. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition is an active process in smokers and patients with early COPD contributing to pulmonary arterial pathology. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00767-2023. [PMID: 38348240 PMCID: PMC10860200 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00767-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported pulmonary arterial remodelling in smokers and patients with early COPD, which can be attributed to endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT). In this study, we aimed to evaluate if EndMT is an active mechanism in smokers and COPD. Methods Immunohistochemical staining for the EndMT biomarkers CD31, N-cadherin, vimentin and S100A4 was done on lung resection tissue from 49 subjects. These comprised 15 nonsmoker controls (NC), six normal lung function smokers (NLFS), nine patients with small airway disease (SAD), nine current smokers with mild-moderate COPD (COPD-CS) and 10 ex-smokers with COPD (COPD-ES). Pulmonary arteries were analysed using Image ProPlus software v7.0. Results We noted reduced junctional CD31+ endothelial cells (p<0.05) in the intimal layer of all smoking groups compared to NC. We also observed increased abundance of the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin (p<0.05) and vimentin (p<0.001) in all smoking groups and across all arterial sizes versus NC, except for N-cadherin in large arteries in COPD-CS. The abundance of S100A4 correlated with arterial thickness (small: r=0.29, p=0.05; medium: r=0.33, p=0.03; large: r=0.35, p=0.02). Vimentin in the small arterial wall negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (r= -0.35, p=0.02) and forced expiratory flow rate at 25-75% of forced vital capacity (r= -0.34, p=0.03), while increased cytoplasmic CD31 abundance in the intimal layer of medium and large arteries negatively correlated with predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (medium: r= -0.35, p=0.04; large: r= -0.39, p=0.03). Conclusion This is the first study showing the acquisition of mesenchymal traits by pulmonary endothelial cells from NLFS, SAD and mild-moderate COPD patients through EndMT. This informs on the potential early origins of pulmonary hypertension in smokers and patients with early COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Bhattarai
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Launceston Respiratory and Sleep Centre, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Wenying Lu
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Launceston Respiratory and Sleep Centre, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Ashutosh Hardikar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Surajit Dey
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Archana Vijay Gaikwad
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Affan Mahmood Shahzad
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Collin Chia
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Launceston Respiratory and Sleep Centre, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Andrew Williams
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Singhera
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Launceston Respiratory and Sleep Centre, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020366. [PMID: 36836600 PMCID: PMC9967990 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling is the critical structural alteration and pathological feature in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and involves changes in the intima, media and adventitia. Pulmonary vascular remodeling consists of the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of the middle membranous pulmonary artery, as well as complex interactions involving external layer pulmonary artery fibroblasts (PAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM). Inflammatory mechanisms, apoptosis and other factors in the vascular wall are influenced by different mechanisms that likely act in concert to drive disease progression. This article reviews these pathological changes and highlights some pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the remodeling process.
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Kwon OS, Noh SG, Park SH, Andtbacka RHI, Hyngstrom JR, Richardson RS. Ageing and endothelium-mediated vascular dysfunction: the role of the NADPH oxidases. J Physiol 2023; 601:451-467. [PMID: 36416565 PMCID: PMC9898184 DOI: 10.1113/jp283208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the isoform-specific role of the NADPH oxidases (NOX) in the endothelium-mediated vascular dysfunction associated with ageing. Endothelium-dependent [intraluminal flow- and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced] vasodilatation in human skeletal muscle feed arteries (SMFAs) of young (24 ± 1 years, n = 16), middle aged (45 ± 1 years, n = 18) and old (76 ± 2 years, n = 21) subjects was assessed in vitro with and without the inhibition of NOX1 (ML090), NOX2 (gp91) and NOX4 (plumbagin). To identify the role of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in these responses, NO synthase blockade (l-NG -monomethyl arginine citrate) was utilized. SMFA NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4 protein expression was determined by western blotting. Age related endothelium-dependent vasodilatory dysfunction was evident in response to flow (young: 69 ± 3; middle aged: 51 ± 3; old: 27 ± 3%, P < 0.05) and ACh (young: 89 ± 2; middle aged: 72 ± 3; old: 45 ± 4%, P < 0.05). NOX1 inhibition had no effect on SMFA vasodilatation, whereas NOX2 inhibition restored flow- and ACh-induced vasodilatation in the middle aged and the old SMFAs (middle aged + gp91: 69 ± 3; 86 ± 3, old + gp91: 65 ± 5; 83 ± 2%, P < 0.05) and NOX4 inhibition tended to restore these vasodilatory responses in these two groups, but neither achieved statistical significance (P ≈ 0.06). l-NG -monomethyl arginine citrate negated the restorative effects of NOX2 and NOX4 blockade. Only NOX2 and NOX4 protein expression was significantly greater in the two older groups and inversely related to vascular function (r = 0.48 to 0.93, P < 0.05). NOX2 and, to a lesser extent, NOX4 appear to play an important, probably NO-mediated, role in age-related endothelial dysfunction. KEY POINTS: The present study aimed to determine the isoform-specific role of the NADPH oxidases (NOX) in the endothelium-mediated vascular dysfunction associated with ageing. Age related endothelium-dependent vasodilatory dysfunction was evident in skeletal muscle feed arteries in response to both flow and acetylcholine. NOX2 inhibition (gp91) restored endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the middle aged and the old skeletal muscle feed arteries, and NOX4 inhibition (plumbagin) tended to restore these vasodilatory responses in these two groups. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition negated the restorative effects of NOX2 and NOX4 blockade. NOX2 and NOX4 protein expression was significantly greater in the two older groups and inversely related to vascular function. NOX2 and, to a lesser extent, NOX4 appear to play an important, probably nitric oxide-mediated, role in age-related endothelial dysfunction and could be important therapeutic targets to maintain vascular health with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Sung Kwon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sung Gi Noh
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Soung Hun Park
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert H. I. Andtbacka
- Formerly at Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, US
| | - John R. Hyngstrom
- Formerly at Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Russell S. Richardson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Teuber JP, Essandoh K, Hummel SL, Madamanchi NR, Brody MJ. NADPH Oxidases in Diastolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091822. [PMID: 36139898 PMCID: PMC9495396 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases regulate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative damage to cellular components but also regulate redox signaling in many cell types with essential functions in the cardiovascular system. Research over the past couple of decades has uncovered mechanisms by which NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes regulate oxidative stress and compartmentalize intracellular signaling in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and other cell types. NOX2 and NOX4, for example, regulate distinct redox signaling mechanisms in cardiac myocytes pertinent to the onset and progression of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which accounts for at least half of all heart failure cases and has few effective treatments to date, is classically associated with ventricular diastolic dysfunction, i.e., defects in ventricular relaxation and/or filling. However, HFpEF afflicts multiple organ systems and is associated with systemic pathologies including inflammation, oxidative stress, arterial stiffening, cardiac fibrosis, and renal, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Basic science studies and clinical data suggest a role for systemic and myocardial oxidative stress in HFpEF, and evidence from animal models demonstrates the critical functions of NOX enzymes in diastolic function and several HFpEF-associated comorbidities. Here, we discuss the roles of NOX enzymes in cardiovascular cells that are pertinent to the development and progression of diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF and outline potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Teuber
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kobina Essandoh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Scott L Hummel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Brody
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Singla B, Aithabathula RV, Kiran S, Kapil S, Kumar S, Singh UP. Reactive Oxygen Species in Regulating Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Function. Cells 2022; 11:1750. [PMID: 35681445 PMCID: PMC9179518 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is pivotal for immunosurveillance and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing vessels, has both physiological and pathological roles. Recent advances in the molecular mechanisms regulating lymphangiogenesis have opened a new area of research on reparative lymphangiogenesis for the treatment of various pathological disorders comprising neurological disorders, cardiac repair, autoimmune disease, obesity, atherosclerosis, etc. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the various cell types serve as signaling molecules in several cellular mechanisms and regulate various aspects of growth-factor-mediated responses, including lymphangiogenesis. The ROS, including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, play both beneficial and detrimental roles depending upon their levels and cellular microenvironment. Low ROS levels are essential for lymphangiogenesis. On the contrary, oxidative stress due to enhanced ROS generation and/or reduced levels of antioxidants suppresses lymphangiogenesis via promoting lymphatic endothelial cell apoptosis and death. In this review article, we provide an overview of types and sources of ROS, discuss the role of ROS in governing lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic function, and summarize the role of lymphatics in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Singla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38017, USA; (R.V.A.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (U.P.S.)
| | - Ravi Varma Aithabathula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38017, USA; (R.V.A.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (U.P.S.)
| | - Sonia Kiran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38017, USA; (R.V.A.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (U.P.S.)
| | - Shweta Kapil
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children′s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38017, USA; (R.V.A.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (U.P.S.)
| | - Udai P. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38017, USA; (R.V.A.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (U.P.S.)
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Lai TC, Chen YC, Cheng HH, Lee TL, Tsai JS, Lee IT, Peng KT, Lee CW, Hsu LF, Chen YL. Combined exposure to fine particulate matter and high glucose aggravates endothelial damage by increasing inflammation and mitophagy: the involvement of vitamin D. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:25. [PMID: 35351169 PMCID: PMC8966234 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are related to particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure. Researchers have not clearly determined whether hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes, exacerbates PM2.5-induced endothelial damage. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the combined effects of PM2.5 and high glucose on endothelial damage. Results Here, we treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with 30 mM high glucose and 50 μg/mL PM (HG + PM) to simulate endothelial cells exposed to hyperglycemia and air pollution. First, we showed that HUVECs exposed to PM under high glucose conditions exhibited significant increases in cell damage and apoptosis compared with HUVECs exposed to PM or HG alone. In addition, PM significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HUVECs and mitochondria treated with HG and decreased the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a free radical scavenging enzyme. The coexposure group exhibited significantly increased ROS production in cells and mitochondria, a lower mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased levels of the autophagy-related proteins p62, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β (LC3B), and mitophagy-related protein BCL2 interacting protein 3 (Bnip3). Moreover, autophagosome-like structures were observed in the HG + PM group using transmission electron microscopy. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were also increased through the JNK/p38 signaling pathway in the HG + PM group. As a ROS scavenger, vitamin D treatment effectively protected cells under HG and PM conditions by increasing cell viability, reducing mitochondrial ROS production, and suppressing the formation of mitophagy and inflammation. Furthermore, diabetes was induced in mice by administering streptozotocin (STZ). Mice were treated with PM by intratracheal injection. Vitamin D effectively alleviated oxidative stress, mitophagy, and inflammation in the aortas of mice treated with STZ and PM. Conclusion Taken together, simultaneous exposure to PM and high glucose exerts significant harmful effects on endothelial cells by inducing ROS production, mitophagy, and inflammation, while vitamin D reverses these effects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00462-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Chun Lai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hua Cheng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lin Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Shiun Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan.,Center for Complementary and Integrated Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ti Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333323, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan. .,Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan. .,Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243303, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Fen Hsu
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan. .,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100233, Taiwan.
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9
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Torimoto K, Okuno K, Kuroda R, Shanas N, Cicalese SM, Eguchi K, Elliott KJ, Kawai T, Corbett CB, Peluzzo AM, St. Paul AK, Autieri MV, Scalia R, Rizzo V, Hashimoto T, Eguchi S. Glucose consumption of vascular cell types in culture: toward optimization of experimental conditions. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C73-C85. [PMID: 34817269 PMCID: PMC8791793 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00257.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have looked for an optimum media glucose concentration and compared glucose consumption in three vascular cell types, endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) with or without angiotensin II (AngII) stimulation. In a subconfluent 6-well experiment in 1 mL DMEM with a standard low (100 mg/dL), a standard high (450 mg/dL), or a mixed middle (275 mg/dL) glucose concentration, steady and significant glucose consumption was observed in all cell types. After 48-h incubation, media that contained low glucose was reduced to almost 0 mg/dL, media that contained high glucose remained significantly higher at ∼275 mg/dL, and media that contained middle glucose remained closer to physiological range. AngII treatment enhanced glucose consumption in AFs and VSMCs but not in ECs. Enhanced extracellular acidification rate by AngII was also observed in AFs. In AFs, AngII induction of target proteins at 48 h varied depending on the glucose concentration used. In low glucose media, induction of glucose regulatory protein 78 or hexokinase II was highest, whereas induction of VCAM-1 was lowest. Utilization of specific inhibitors further suggests essential roles of angiotensin II type-1 receptor and glycolysis in AngII-induced fibroblast activation. Overall, this study demonstrates a high risk of hypo- or hyperglycemic conditions when standard low or high glucose media is used with vascular cells. Moreover, these conditions may significantly alter experimental outcomes. Media glucose concentration should be monitored during any culture experiments and utilization of middle glucose media is recommended for all vascular cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Torimoto
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Keisuke Okuno
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryohei Kuroda
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - No’Ad Shanas
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie M. Cicalese
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kunie Eguchi
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine J. Elliott
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cali B. Corbett
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda M. Peluzzo
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda K. St. Paul
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael V. Autieri
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rosario Scalia
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Victor Rizzo
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- 2Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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Zhou Y, Dai C, Zhang B, Ge J. A Adiponectina Previne a Reestenose pela Inibição da Proliferação Celular em um Modelo de Enxerto Venoso em Ratos. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:1179-1188. [PMID: 35613174 PMCID: PMC8757157 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamento: O enxerto de bypass na artéria coronária (CABG) continua a ser eficiente como tratamento para pacientes portadores de doença arterial coronariana; entretanto, o enxerto venoso tende a apresentar reestenose ou oclusão. A adiponectina (ADP) é uma proteína hormonal plasmática com a função de regular a proliferação celular. Objetivo: Foram utilizadas duas doses diferentes da proteína ADP em um modelo de enxerto venoso em ratos para estimular a alteração do enxerto venoso. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da ADP sobre a reestenose em enxerto venoso. Métodos: Veias jugulares autólogas foram implantadas como enxertos interposicionais de carótida pela técnica de anastomose de manga em ratos Sprague Dawley. A adiponectina (2,5 μg e 7,5 μg) foi entregue ao enxerto venoso por bypass de forma perivascular, suspensa em gel Pluronic-F127 a 30%. O grupo tratado apenas com bypass e o grupo tratado com gel veículo carregado apenas com Pluronic funcionaram como controle. Foram feitas comparações com análise de via única de variância e teste post-hoc, com p <0,05 sendo considerado significativo. Resultados: A proliferação celular (índice de PCNA) foi significativamente baixa no grupo tratado com adiponectina em comparação com o grupo de controle e o grupo tratado com o gel veículo na íntima e na adventícia dos enxertos a partir do dia 3 (p <0,01). VCAM-1 e ICAM-1 avaliados por imuno-histoquímica diminuíram significativamente em enxertos venosos tratados com adiponectina na quarta semana (p <0,01). O tratamento de enxertos venosos com gel carregado com adiponectina reduziu a espessura da íntima, da média e da adventícia, em comparação com os enxertos de controle e tratados com gel veículo no dia 28 (p <0,01). Conclusões: Este estudo oferece evidências adicionais do possível papel terapêutico da adiponectina na modulação de lesão vascular e seu reparo.
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11
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Guo Y, Lu Y, Lu X, He S, Li S, Shao S, Zhou H, Wang R, Li X, Gao P. Krüppel-Like Factor 15/Interleukin 11 Axis-Mediated Adventitial Remodeling Depends on Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1 and 2 Activation in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020554. [PMID: 34350769 PMCID: PMC8475029 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Adventitial remodeling is a pathological hallmark of hypertension that results in target organ damage. Activated adventitial fibroblasts have emerged as critical regulators in this process, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. Methods and Results Interleukin 11 (IL-11) knockout and wild-type mice were subjected to angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion to establish models of hypertension-associated vascular remodeling. IL-11 mRNA and protein were increased especially in the adventitia in response to Ang II. Compared with wild-type mice, Ang II-treated IL-11 knockout mice showed amelioration of vascular hypertrophy, adventitial fibrosis, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory factor expression. Recombination mouse IL-11 exacerbated adventitial fibrosis in Ang II-infused wild-type mice. Interestingly, IL-11 neutralizing antibody attenuated adventitial fibrosis, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory factor expression after Ang II infusion for 7 days. Mechanistically, in primary cultured adventitial fibroblasts, Krüppel-like factor 15 negatively regulated Ang II-induced IL-11 expression. Ang II increased extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 activation, especially in adventitia, and caused biphasic extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 activation in adventitial fibroblasts. A rapid and early activation increased IL-11 production through decreasing Krüppel-like factor 15 expression, which, in turn, induced the second extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 activation, resulting in posttranscriptional profibrotic gene expression. Conclusions These results demonstrate that extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 activation is important for Krüppel-like factor 15-mediated IL-11 expression in adventitial fibroblasts to promote adventitial remodeling in Ang II-induced hypertension. Therefore, targeting the Krüppel-like factor 15/IL-11 axis might serve as a new therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue‐Tong Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of HypertensionRuijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionShanghai Institute of HypertensionShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of HypertensionRuijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionShanghai Institute of HypertensionShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of HypertensionRuijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionShanghai Institute of HypertensionShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shun He
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of HypertensionRuijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionShanghai Institute of HypertensionShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shi‐Jin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of HypertensionRuijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionShanghai Institute of HypertensionShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of HypertensionRuijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionShanghai Institute of HypertensionShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Han‐Dan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of HypertensionRuijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionShanghai Institute of HypertensionShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Rui‐Qi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of HypertensionRuijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionShanghai Institute of HypertensionShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao‐Dong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of HypertensionRuijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionShanghai Institute of HypertensionShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ping‐Jin Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of HypertensionRuijin Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionShanghai Institute of HypertensionShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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12
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Hwangbo H, Ji SY, Kim MY, Kim SY, Lee H, Kim GY, Kim S, Cheong J, Choi YH. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Auranofin on Palmitic Acid and LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response by Modulating TLR4 and NOX4-Mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115920. [PMID: 34072916 PMCID: PMC8198732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, which is promoted by the production and secretion of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in activated macrophages, is responsible for the development of many diseases. Auranofin is a Food and Drug Administration-approved gold-based compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and evidence suggests that auranofin could be a potential therapeutic agent for inflammation. In this study, to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of auranofin on chronic inflammation, a saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA), and a low concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to activate RAW264.7 macrophages. The results show that PA amplified LPS signals to produce nitric oxide (NO) and various cytokines. However, auranofin significantly inhibited the levels of NO, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6, which had been increased by co-treatment with PA and LPS. Moreover, the expression of inducible NO synthase, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA and protein levels increased by PA and LPS were reduced by auranofin. In particular, the upregulation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4 and the translocation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) induced by PA and LPS were suppressed by auranofin. The binding between the toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and auranofin was also predicted, and the release of NO and cytokines was reduced more by simultaneous treatment with auranofin and TLR4 inhibitor than by auranofin alone. In conclusion, all these findings suggested that auranofin had anti-inflammatory effects in PA and LPS-induced macrophages by interacting with TLR4 and downregulating the NOX4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hwangbo
- Korea Nanobiotechnology Center, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.K.); (H.L.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.K.); (H.L.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.K.); (H.L.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.K.); (H.L.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - JaeHun Cheong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-051-510-2277 (J.C.); +82-051-890-3319 (Y.H.C.)
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.K.); (H.L.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-051-510-2277 (J.C.); +82-051-890-3319 (Y.H.C.)
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13
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Harrison CB, Trevelin SC, Richards DA, Santos CX, Sawyer G, Markovinovic A, Zhang X, Zhang M, Brewer AC, Yin X, Mayr M, Shah AM. Fibroblast Nox2 (NADPH Oxidase-2) Regulates ANG II (Angiotensin II)-Induced Vascular Remodeling and Hypertension via Paracrine Signaling to Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:698-710. [PMID: 33054395 PMCID: PMC7837692 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The superoxide-generating Nox2 (NADPH oxidase-2) is expressed in multiple cell types. Previous studies demonstrated distinct roles for cardiomyocyte, endothelial cell, and leukocyte cell Nox2 in ANG II (angiotensin II)-induced cardiovascular remodeling. However, the in vivo role of fibroblast Nox2 remains unclear. Approach and Results: We developed a novel mouse model with inducible fibroblast-specific deficiency of Nox2 (fibroblast-specific Nox2 knockout or Fibro-Nox2KO mice) and investigated the responses to chronic ANG II stimulation. Fibro-Nox2KO mice showed no differences in basal blood pressure or vessel wall morphology, but the hypertensive response to ANG II infusion (1.1 mg/[kg·day] for 14 days) was substantially reduced as compared to control Nox2-Flox littermates. This was accompanied by a significant attenuation of aortic and resistance vessel remodeling. The conditioned medium of ANG II-stimulated primary fibroblasts induced a significant increase in vascular smooth muscle cell growth, which was inhibited by the short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of fibroblast Nox2. Mass spectrometric analysis of the secretome of ANG II-treated primary fibroblasts identified GDF6 (growth differentiation factor 6) as a potential growth factor that may be involved in these effects. Recombinant GDF6 induced a concentration-dependent increase in vascular smooth muscle cell growth while chronic ANG II infusion in vivo significantly increased aortic GDF6 protein levels in control mice but not Fibro-Nox2KO animals. Finally, silencing GDF6 in fibroblasts prevented the induction of vascular smooth muscle cell growth by fibroblast-conditioned media in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that fibroblast Nox2 plays a crucial role in the development of ANG II-induced vascular remodeling and hypertension in vivo. Mechanistically, fibroblast Nox2 may regulate paracrine signaling to medial vascular smooth muscle cells via factors, such as GDF6.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Blood Pressure
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibroblasts/enzymology
- Growth Differentiation Factor 6/genetics
- Growth Differentiation Factor 6/metabolism
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/enzymology
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NADPH Oxidase 2/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 2/metabolism
- Paracrine Communication
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig B. Harrison
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Daniel A. Richards
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Celio X.C. Santos
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Greta Sawyer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Andrea Markovinovic
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, United Kingdom (A.M.)
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Min Zhang
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Alison C. Brewer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
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14
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Meijles DN, Cull JJ, Markou T, Cooper STE, Haines ZHR, Fuller SJ, O'Gara P, Sheppard MN, Harding SE, Sugden PH, Clerk A. Redox Regulation of Cardiac ASK1 (Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1) Controls p38-MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) and Orchestrates Cardiac Remodeling to Hypertension. Hypertension 2020; 76:1208-1218. [PMID: 32903101 PMCID: PMC7480944 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Systemic hypertension increases cardiac workload causing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increased cardiac fibrosis. An underlying feature is increased production of reactive oxygen species. Redox-sensitive ASK1 (apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1) activates stress-regulated protein kinases (p38-MAPK [mitogen-activated protein kinases] and JNKs [c-Jun N-terminal kinases]) and promotes fibrosis in various tissues. Here, we determined the specificity of ASK1 signaling in the heart, with the hypothesis that ASK1 inhibitors may be used to manage fibrosis in hypertensive heart disease. Using immunoblotting, we established that moderate levels of H2O2 activate ASK1 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and perfused rat hearts. ASK1 was activated during ischemia in adult rat hearts, but not on reperfusion, consistent with activation by moderate (not high) reactive oxygen species levels. In contrast, IL (interleukin)-1β activated an alternative kinase, TAK1 (transforming growth factor–activated kinase 1). ASK1 was not activated by IL1β in cardiomyocytes and activation in perfused hearts was due to increased reactive oxygen species. Selonsertib (ASK1 inhibitor) prevented activation of p38-MAPKs (but not JNKs) by oxidative stresses in cultured cardiomyocytes and perfused hearts. In vivo (C57Bl/6J mice with osmotic minipumps for drug delivery), selonsertib (4 mg/[kg·d]) alone did not affect cardiac function/dimensions (assessed by echocardiography). However, it suppressed hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy resulting from angiotensin II (0.8 mg/[kg·d], 7d), with inhibition of Nppa/Nppb mRNA upregulation, reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and, notably, significant reductions in interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. Our data identify a specific reactive oxygen species→ASK1→p38-MAPK pathway in the heart and establish that ASK1 inhibitors protect the heart from hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling. Thus, targeting the ASK1→p38-MAPK nexus has potential therapeutic viability as a treatment for hypertensive heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Meijles
- From the Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute (D.N.M., S.T.E.C., Z.H.R.H.), St George's University of London, United Kingdom.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.N.M., J.J.C., T.M., S.J.F., P.H.S., A.C.), St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua J Cull
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.N.M., J.J.C., T.M., S.J.F., P.H.S., A.C.), St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomais Markou
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.N.M., J.J.C., T.M., S.J.F., P.H.S., A.C.), St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna T E Cooper
- From the Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute (D.N.M., S.T.E.C., Z.H.R.H.), St George's University of London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen J Fuller
- From the Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute (D.N.M., S.T.E.C., Z.H.R.H.), St George's University of London, United Kingdom.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.N.M., J.J.C., T.M., S.J.F., P.H.S., A.C.), St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter O'Gara
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (P.O., S.E.H.)
| | - Mary N Sheppard
- CRY Cardiovascular Pathology Department (M.N.S.), St George's University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (P.O., S.E.H.)
| | - Peter H Sugden
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.N.M., J.J.C., T.M., S.J.F., P.H.S., A.C.), St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Clerk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.N.M., J.J.C., T.M., S.J.F., P.H.S., A.C.), St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Zeng P, Schmaier A. Ponatinib and other CML Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186556. [PMID: 32911643 PMCID: PMC7555546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abl1 kinase has important biological roles. The Bcr-Abl1 fusion protein creates undesired kinase activity and is pathogenic in 95% of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 30% of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Targeted therapies to these diseases are tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The extent of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor’s targets determines the degree of biologic effects of the agent that may influence the well-being of the patient. This fact is especially true with tyrosine kinase inhibitor effects on the cardiovascular system. Thirty-one percent of ponatinib-treated patients, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor with the broadest inhibitory spectrum, have thrombosis associated with its use. Recent experimental investigations have indicated the mechanisms of ponatinib-associated thrombosis. Further, an antidote to ponatinib is in development by re-purposing an FDA-approved medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Alvin Schmaier
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-368-0796; Fax: +1-216-368-3014
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16
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Ponatinib treatment promotes arterial thrombosis and hyperactive platelets. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2312-2316. [PMID: 31383636 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Ponatinib therapy heightens arterial thrombosis and platelet reactivity. Concurrent pioglitazone treatment reverses heightened thrombosis risk and platelet reactivity induced by ponatinib.
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17
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Poznyak AV, Grechko AV, Orekhova VA, Khotina V, Ivanova EA, Orekhov AN. NADPH Oxidases and Their Role in Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070206. [PMID: 32664404 PMCID: PMC7399834 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current view on atherosclerosis positions it as a multifactorial disorder that results from the interplay between lipid metabolism disturbances and inflammatory processes. Oxidative stress is proven to be one of the initiating factors in atherosclerosis development, being implicated both in the inflammatory response and in atherogenic modifications of lipoproteins that facilitate lipid accumulation in the arterial wall. The hallmark of oxidative stress is the elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Correspondingly, the activity of major ROS-generating enzymes, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, xanthine oxidases, and cyclooxygenases, is an important element in atherosclerosis development. In particular, the role of NADPH oxidases in atherosclerosis development has become a subject of intensive research. Aberrant activity of NADPH oxidases was shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease in humans. With regard to atherosclerosis, several important pathological components of the disease development, including endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and vascular remodeling, involve aberrations in NADPH oxidases functioning. In humans, NADPH oxidases are represented by four isoforms expressed in vascular tissues, where they serve as the main source of ROS during atherogenesis. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated their impact on vascular remodeling processes. Interestingly, one of the NADPH oxidase isoforms, NOX4, was shown to have an atheroprotective effect. Despite the growing evidence of the crucial involvement of NADPH oxidases in atherosclerosis pathogenesis, the available data still remains controversial. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of NADPH oxidases in atherosclerosis and outline the future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Poznyak
- Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.P.); (E.A.I.)
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Varvara A. Orekhova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15A 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Street, 121552 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Victoria Khotina
- Laboratory of Infectious Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8, Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Ivanova
- Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.P.); (E.A.I.)
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Infectious Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8, Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +7-(495)-4159594
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18
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FNDC5 Attenuates Oxidative Stress and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Activating the AMPK-SIRT1 Signal Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6384803. [PMID: 32509148 PMCID: PMC7254086 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6384803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascular oxidative stress and inflammation play a major role in vascular diseases. This study was aimed at determining the protective roles of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) in angiotensin II- (Ang II-) induced vascular oxidative stress and inflammation and underlying mechanisms. Wild-type (WT) and FNDC5−/− mice, primary mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and the rat aortic smooth muscle cell line (A7R5) were used in the present study. Subcutaneous infusion of Ang II caused more serious hypertension, vascular remodeling, oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, AMPK phosphorylation inhibition, and SIRT1 downregulation in the aorta of FNDC5−/− mice than those of WT mice. Exogenous FNDC5 attenuated Ang II-induced superoxide generation, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and NLRP3 upregulation, mature caspase-1, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in A7R5 cells. The protective roles of FNDC5 were prevented by SIRT-1 inhibitor EX527, AMPK inhibitor compound C, or integrin receptor inhibitor GLPG0187. FNDC5 attenuated the Ang II-induced inhibition in SIRT1 activity, SIRT1 protein expression, and AMPKα phosphorylation in A7R5 cells, which were prevented by compound C, EX527, and GLPG0187. FNDC5 deficiency deteriorated Ang II-induced oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, AMPK phosphorylation inhibition, and SIRT1 downregulation in primary aortic VSMCs of mice, which were prevented by exogenous FNDC5. These results indicate that FNDC5 deficiency aggravates while exogenous FNDC5 alleviates the Ang II-induced vascular oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the AMPK-SIRT1 signal pathway in VSMCs.
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MiR155-5p Inhibits Cell Migration and Oxidative Stress in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030204. [PMID: 32121598 PMCID: PMC7140008 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is essential for vascular reconstruction in hypertension and several vascular diseases. Our recent study showed that extracellular vesicles derived from vascular adventitial fibroblasts of normal rats inhibited VSMC proliferation by delivering miR155-5p to VSMCs. It is unknown whether miR155-5p inhibits cell migration and oxidative stress in VSMCs of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated VSMCs. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of miR155-5p in VSMC migration and its underlying mechanisms. Primary VSMCs were isolated from the aortic media of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR. Wound healing assay and Boyden chamber assay were used to evaluate VSMC migration. A miR155-5p mimic inhibited, and a miR155-5p inhibitor promoted the migration of VSMC of SHR but had no significant effect on the migration of VSMC of WKY. The miR155-5p mimic inhibited angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA and protein expression in VSMCs. It also reduced superoxide anion production, NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) activity, as well as NOX2, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression levels in VSMCs of SHR but not in VSMCs of WKY rats. Overexpression of miR155-5p inhibited VSMC migration and superoxide anion and IL-1β production in VSMCs of SHR but had no impact on exogenous Ang II-induced VSMC migration and on superoxide anion and IL-1β production in WKY rats and SHR. These results indicate that miR155-5p inhibits VSMC migration in SHR by suppressing ACE expression and its downstream production of Ang II, superoxide anion, and inflammatory factors. However, miR155-5p had no effects on exogenous Ang II-induced VSMC migration.
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Sertedaki E, Veroutis D, Zagouri F, Galyfos G, Filis K, Papalambros A, Aggeli K, Tsioli P, Charalambous G, Zografos G, Sigala F. Carotid Disease and Ageing: A Literature Review on the Pathogenesis of Vascular Senescence in Older Subjects. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2020; 2020:8601762. [PMID: 32582337 PMCID: PMC7306882 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8601762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural process that affects all systems of the human organism, leading to its inability to adapt to environmental changes. Advancing age has been correlated with various pathological conditions, especially cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Carotid artery (CA) is mainly affected by age-induced functional and morphological alterations causing atheromatous disease. The evolvement of biomedical sciences has allowed the elucidation of many aspects of this condition. Symptomatic carotid disease (CD) derives from critical luminar stenosis or eruption of an atheromatous plaque due to structural modifications of the vessels, such as carotid intima-media thickening. At a histologic level, the aforementioned changes are mediated by elastin fragmentation, collagen deposition, immune cell infiltration, and accumulation of cytokines and vasoconstrictors. Underlying mechanisms include chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, dysregulation of cellular homeostatic systems, and senescence. Thus, there is an imbalance in components of the vessel wall, which fails to counteract exterior stress stimuli. Consequently, arterial relaxation is impaired and atherosclerotic lesions progress. This is a review of current evidence regarding the relationship of aging with vascular senescence and CD. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to the production of efficient prevention methods and targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Sertedaki
- 1First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 2Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- 2Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- 3Clinical Therapeutics Department, Alexandra General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Galyfos
- 1First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstadinos Filis
- 1First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Papalambros
- 4First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Aggeli
- 5First Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Hippocration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Tsioli
- 6First Department of Pathology, Laikon General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Charalambous
- 1First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Zografos
- 1First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Fragiska Sigala
- 1First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Spiekerkoetter E, Goncharova EA, Guignabert C, Stenmark K, Kwapiszewska G, Rabinovitch M, Voelkel N, Bogaard HJ, Graham B, Pullamsetti SS, Kuebler WM. Hot topics in the mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension disease: cancer-like pathobiology, the role of the adventitia, systemic involvement, and right ventricular failure. Pulm Circ 2019; 9:2045894019889775. [PMID: 31798835 PMCID: PMC6868582 DOI: 10.1177/2045894019889775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to intervene appropriately and develop disease-modifying therapeutics for pulmonary arterial hypertension, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and progression. We herein discuss four topics of disease mechanisms that are currently highly debated, yet still unsolved, in the field of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Is pulmonary arterial hypertension a cancer-like disease? Does the adventitia play an important role in the initiation of pulmonary vascular remodeling? Is pulmonary arterial hypertension a systemic disease? Does capillary loss drive right ventricular failure? While pulmonary arterial hypertension does not replicate all features of cancer, anti-proliferative cancer therapeutics might still be beneficial in pulmonary arterial hypertension if monitored for safety and tolerability. It was recognized that the adventitia as a cell-rich compartment is important in the disease pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension and should be a therapeutic target, albeit the data are inconclusive as to whether the adventitia is involved in the initiation of neointima formation. There was agreement that systemic diseases can lead to pulmonary arterial hypertension and that pulmonary arterial hypertension can have systemic effects related to the advanced lung pathology, yet there was less agreement on whether idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension is a systemic disease per se. Despite acknowledging the limitations of exactly assessing vascular density in the right ventricle, it was recognized that the failing right ventricle may show inadequate vascular adaptation resulting in inadequate delivery of oxygen and other metabolites. Although the debate was not meant to result in a definite resolution of the specific arguments, it sparked ideas about how we might resolve the discrepancies by improving our disease modeling (rodent models, large-animal studies, studies of human cells, tissues, and organs) as well as standardization of the models. Novel experimental approaches, such as lineage tracing and better three-dimensional imaging of experimental as well as human lung and heart tissues, might unravel how different cells contribute to the disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elena A. Goncharova
- Pittsburgh Heart, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
- Cardio Vascular Pulmonary Research Lab, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute, Lung Vascular Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Norbert Voelkel
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vrije Universiteit MC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm J. Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vrije Universiteit MC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Graham
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Soni S. Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Hawiger J, Zienkiewicz J. Decoding inflammation, its causes, genomic responses, and emerging countermeasures. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12812. [PMID: 31378956 PMCID: PMC6883124 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the mechanism of diseases caused by microbial, autoimmune, allergic, metabolic and physical insults that produce distinct types of inflammatory responses. This aetiologic view of inflammation informs its classification based on a cause‐dependent mechanism as well as a cause‐directed therapy and prevention. The genomic era ushered in a new understanding of inflammation by highlighting the cell's nucleus as the centre of the inflammatory response. Exogenous or endogenous inflammatory insults evoke genomic responses in immune and non‐immune cells. These genomic responses depend on transcription factors, which switch on and off a myriad of inflammatory genes through their regulatory networks. We discuss the transcriptional paradigm of inflammation based on denying transcription factors’ access to the nucleus. We present two approaches that control proinflammatory signalling to the nucleus. The first approach constitutes a novel intracellular protein therapy with bioengineered physiologic suppressors of cytokine signalling. The second approach entails control of proinflammatory transcriptional cascades by targeting nuclear transport with a cell‐penetrating peptide that inhibits the expression of 23 out of the 26 mediators of inflammation along with the nine genes required for metabolic responses. We compare these emerging anti‐inflammatory countermeasures to current therapies. The transcriptional paradigm of inflammation offers nucleocentric strategies for microbial, autoimmune, metabolic, physical and other types of inflammation afflicting millions of people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Hawiger
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
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23
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Burtenshaw D, Kitching M, Redmond EM, Megson IL, Cahill PA. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Intimal Thickening, and Subclinical Atherosclerotic Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:89. [PMID: 31428618 PMCID: PMC6688526 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriosclerosis causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Central to this process is the development of subclinical non-atherosclerotic intimal lesions before the appearance of pathologic intimal thickening and advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Intimal thickening is associated with several risk factors, including oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines and lipid. The main ROS producing systems in-vivo are reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX). ROS effects are context specific. Exogenous ROS induces apoptosis and senescence, whereas intracellular ROS promotes stem cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Lineage tracing studies using murine models of subclinical atherosclerosis have revealed the contributory role of medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), resident vascular stem cells, circulating bone-marrow progenitors and endothelial cells that undergo endothelial-mesenchymal-transition (EndMT). This review will address the putative physiological and patho-physiological roles of ROS in controlling vascular cell fate and ROS contribution to vascular regeneration and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Burtenshaw
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Eileen M Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ian L Megson
- Centre for Health Science, UHI Institute of Health Research and Innovation, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Cahill
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Wang J, Wu Q, Yu J, Cao X, Xu Z. miR-125a-5p inhibits the expression of NLRP3 by targeting CCL4 in human vascular smooth muscle cells treated with ox-LDL. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1645-1652. [PMID: 31410121 PMCID: PMC6676174 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have revealed that aberrant miR-125a-5p expression is involved in the development of atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to investigate the precise mechanism of microRNA (miR)-125a-5p in atherosclerosis. Human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) were treated with 20 µg/ml oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 24 h and were employed as in vitro models of atherosclerosis. Reverse transcription quantitative (RT-qPCR) assays were used to detect miR-125a-5p levels. Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to assess α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Western blotting and RT-qPCR assays were performed to measure the expression levels of NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis associated speck-like protein (ASC), caspase-1, active interleukin (IL)-1β and C-C motif chemokine 4-like (CCL4). Furthermore, the association between miR-125a-5p and CCL4 was assessed using a double luciferase analysis. In addition, VSMCs were transfected with miR-125a-5p mimics (30 nM), miR-125a-5p inhibitor (100 nM) or small interfering RNA against CCL4 (si-CCL4, 50 pM), respectively to further investigate the function of miR-125a-5p in ox-LDL-treated HVSMCs. The present study found that the expression levels of miR-125a-5p were significantly downregulated in HVSMCs, whereas the expression levels of α-SMA, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β and CCL4 were markedly upregulated following ox-LDL treatment. Overexpression of miR-125a-5p in the absence of ox-LDL treatment decreased NLRP3, IL-1β and CCL4 expression, whereas inhibition of miR-125a-5p exhibited the opposite effects. The results of double luciferase analysis confirmed that CCL4 was a direct target of miR-125a-5p. Moreover, transfection of si-CCL4 into HVSMCs significantly decreased the ox-LDL-induced expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β proteins. Taken collectively, the results of the present study suggested that miR-125a-5p could negatively regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome by targeting CCL4 in ox-LDL-treated HVSMCs. The data provide new insight to the inhibition of atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cangzhou Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Xufen Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Zesheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
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25
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Li XD, Hong MN, Chen J, Lu YY, Ye MQ, Ma Y, Zhu DL, Gao PJ. Adventitial fibroblast-derived vascular endothelial growth factor promotes vasa vasorum-associated neointima formation and macrophage recruitment. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 116:708-720. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Adventitial vasa vasorum provides oxygen and nourishment to the vascular wall, but whether it regulates vascular disease remains unclear. We have previously shown that an increased expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is associated with macrophage infiltration. This study aims to determine whether adventitial fibroblast (AF)-derived VEGF increases the number of vasa vasorum contributing to neointima formation through macrophage recruitment.
Methods and results
In rat balloon injury model, vasa vasorum count was increased particularly in the adventitia accompanied by cell proliferation and VEGF expression. Both endogenous and PKH26-labelled exogenous macrophages were mainly distributed in adventitia around vasa vasorum. Interestingly, perivascular delivery of Ranibizumab preferentially concentrated in adventitia resulted in a decrease of neointima formation with concurrent reduction of vasa vasorum count and macrophage infiltration. AFs with adenovirus-mediated VEGF over-expression delivered to the adventitia significantly enhanced these pathological changes after injury. In Tie2-cre/Rosa-LoxP-RFP mice, endothelial cells were increased in the adventitia after wire injury. By using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy, macrophage rolling, adhesion and transmigration were observed in vasa vasorum. Moreover, adoptive transfer of macrophages accelerated injury-induced neointima formation. VEGF-neutralizing antibody administration also attenuated wire injury-induced neointima formation and macrophage infiltration. In primary cultured AFs, exogenous VEGF increased VEGF expression and secretion in a time- and dose-dependent manner. AF-conditioned medium promoted endothelial cell angiogenesis, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and macrophage adhesion was blocked by VEGF-neutralizing antibody and VEGFR2 inhibitor ZM323881, which also inhibited activation of VEGFR2/ERK1/2 pathway.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that AF-derived VEGF plays a significant role in the increase of vasa vasorum count which is involved in macrophage recruitment and neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mo-Na Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 999 Xiwang Road, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mao-Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ding-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and phenotypic transformation of adventitial fibroblasts in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2019; 36:1104-1114. [PMID: 29303830 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phenotypic transformation of adventitial fibroblasts is important in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This study was designed to determine whether fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) alleviates the phenotypic transformation of adventitial fibroblasts in hypertension and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments were carried out in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and primary aortic adventitial fibroblasts. FNDC5 was downregulated and NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in aortic adventitia of SHR. FNDC5 overexpression attenuated adventitial fibroblasts phenotypic transformation, excessive synthesis and secretion of matrix components, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammation in adventitial fibroblasts from SHR. Moreover, FNDC5 overexpression reduced NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in adventitial fibroblasts from SHR. Similarly, exogenous FNDC5 inhibited adventitial fibroblasts phenotypic transformation, expression of matrix components, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NOX2 expression in adventitial fibroblasts from SHR. FNDC5 overexpression in rats attenuated phenotypic transformation, inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the aortic adventitia of SHR. Furthermore, FNDC5 overexpression reduced blood pressure and alleviated vascular remodeling in SHR. CONCLUSION FNDC5 reduces NOX2-derived ROS production, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and phenotypic transformation in adventitial fibroblasts of SHR. FNDC5 plays a beneficial role in attenuating vascular inflammation, vascular remodeling and hypertension in SHR.
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27
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Wu B, Liang J. Pectolinarigenin promotes functional recovery and inhibits apoptosis in rats following spinal cord injuries. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3877-3882. [PMID: 31007732 PMCID: PMC6468328 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological injury that frequently leads to neurological defects and disabilities. The only effective pharmacotherapy currently available is methylprednisolone (MP), which is controversial due to its high incidence of complications, adverse events and ultimately limited efficacy in SCI. Therefore, the development of alternative therapeutic agents for the treatment of SCI is of great clinical significance. In the present study, an acute SCI rat model was induced and, following a modified Allen method, the function of pectolinarigenin (PG) in SCI was investigated. A total of 36 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=6 in each group); a sham surgery group and an SCI + saline group were used as negative controls and an SCI + MP (30 mg/kg) group was used as a positive control. The remaining animals were subdivided into three groups: SCI + PG (10 mg/kg); SCI + PG (30 mg/kg); and SCI + PG (50 mg/kg). Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scoring was performed to assess functional recovery. Nissl staining and TUNEL staining were used to evaluated neuronal lesion volume and apoptosis, respectively. The results demonstrated that PG significantly improved functional recovery and reduced tissue loss, and neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, a western blotting assay was conducted to measure the expression of genes associated with apoptosis. The data suggested that PG downregulated the activated caspase-3, caspase-9 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase expression and reduced the Bax: Bcl2 ratio. The findings of the present study suggested that PG may exert a protective effect against SCI in rats, potentially by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and PG may therefore serve as a novel therapeutic agent against SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
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28
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Lu Y, Li X, Zhou H, Shao S, He S, Hong M, Liu J, Xu Y, Wu Y, Zhu D, Wang J, Gao P. Transactivation domain of Krüppel‐like factor 15 negatively regulates angiotensin II–induced adventitial inflammation and fibrosis. FASEB J 2019; 33:6254-6268. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801809r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan‐Yuan Lu
- Department of HypertensionState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xiao‐Dong Li
- Department of HypertensionState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension Shanghai China
| | - Han‐Dan Zhou
- Department of HypertensionState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of HypertensionState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Shun He
- Department of HypertensionState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Mo‐Na Hong
- Department of HypertensionState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jia‐Chen Liu
- Department of HypertensionState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Ying‐Le Xu
- Department of HypertensionState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension Shanghai China
| | - Yong‐Jie Wu
- Department of HypertensionState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension Shanghai China
| | - Ding‐Liang Zhu
- Department of HypertensionState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension Shanghai China
| | - Ji‐Guang Wang
- Department of HypertensionState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension Shanghai China
| | - Ping‐Jin Gao
- Department of HypertensionState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Key Laboratory of HypertensionRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension Shanghai China
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29
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Li Y, Cifuentes-Pagano E, DeVallance ER, de Jesus DS, Sahoo S, Meijles DN, Koes D, Camacho CJ, Ross M, St Croix C, Pagano PJ. NADPH oxidase 2 inhibitors CPP11G and CPP11H attenuate endothelial cell inflammation & vessel dysfunction and restore mouse hind-limb flow. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101143. [PMID: 30897521 PMCID: PMC6435978 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
First described as essential to the phagocytic activity of leukocytes, Nox2-derived ROS have emerged as mediators of a range of cellular and tissue responses across species from salubrious to deleterious consequences. Knowledge of their role in inflammation is limited, however. We postulated that TNFα-induced endothelial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and pro-inflammatory signaling would be ameliorated by targeting Nox2. Herein, we in silico-modelled two first-in-class Nox2 inhibitors developed in our laboratory, explored their cellular mechanism of action and tested their efficacy in in vitro and mouse in vivo models of inflammation. Our data show that these inhibitors (CPP11G and CPP11H) disrupted canonical Nox2 organizing factor, p47phox, translocation to Nox2 in the plasma membrane; and abolished ROS production, markedly attenuated stress-responsive MAPK signaling and downstream AP-1 and NFκB nuclear translocation in human cells. Consequently, cell adhesion molecule expression and monocyte adherence were significantly inhibited by both inhibitors. In vivo, TNFα-induced ROS and inflammation were ameliorated by targeted Nox2 inhibition, which, in turn, improved hind-limb blood flow. These studies identify a proximal role for Nox2 in propagated inflammatory signaling and support therapeutic value of Nox2 inhibitors in inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA
| | - E Cifuentes-Pagano
- Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA
| | - E R DeVallance
- Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA
| | - D S de Jesus
- Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA
| | - S Sahoo
- Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA
| | | | - D Koes
- Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - C J Camacho
- Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - M Ross
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - C St Croix
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - P J Pagano
- Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA.
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30
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Contribution of acid sphingomyelinase to angiotensin II-induced vascular adventitial remodeling via membrane rafts/Nox2 signal pathway. Life Sci 2019; 219:303-310. [PMID: 30677425 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) in the vascular remodeling during atherosclerosis are increasing arousing attention. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a soluble glycoprotein which is involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. However, it remains unknown if ASM is expressed in vascular AFs and regulates vascular adventitial remodeling and underlying mechanisms. MAIN METHODS AND KEY FINDINGS ASM downregulation with gene silencing was used in the rat AFs treated with angiotensin (Ang) II, which is universally demonstrated to induce vascular adventitia remodeling. It was showed that ASM was indeed expressed in vascular AFs and ASM downregulation resulted in a significant decrease in the protein level of PCNA and collagen I and cell migration under Ang II stimulation. Such improvement of adventitial remodeling was not further augmented by Ang-(1-7), which is deemed as an endogenous Ang II blocker. We further found that ASM downregulation blocked the Nox2-dependent superoxide (O2-) generation, which regulated vascular remodeling in AFs under Ang II. ASM siRNA decreased the aggregation of membrane rafts (MRs) and the consequent recruiting of ceramide and Nox2 in MRs. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, these results suggested that ASM downregulation could improve vascular adventitial remodeling which was attributed to inhibiting MRs/Nox2 redox signaling pathway in AFs. Thus, these data supported the idea that ASM is a potential therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complication.
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31
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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Abstract
Advancing age promotes cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States and many developed nations. Two major age-related arterial phenotypes, large elastic artery stiffening and endothelial dysfunction, are independent predictors of future CVD diagnosis and likely are responsible for the development of CVD in older adults. Not limited to traditional CVD, these age-related changes in the vasculature also contribute to other age-related diseases that influence mammalian health span and potential life span. This review explores mechanisms that influence age-related large elastic artery stiffening and endothelial dysfunction at the tissue level via inflammation and oxidative stress and at the cellular level via Klotho and energy-sensing pathways (AMPK [AMP-activated protein kinase], SIRT [sirtuins], and mTOR [mammalian target of rapamycin]). We also discuss how long-term calorie restriction-a health span- and life span-extending intervention-can prevent many of these age-related vascular phenotypes through the prevention of deleterious alterations in these mechanisms. Lastly, we discuss emerging novel mechanisms of vascular aging, including senescence and genomic instability within cells of the vasculature. As the population of older adults steadily expands, elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular dysfunction with age is critical to better direct appropriate and measured strategies that use pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to reduce risk of CVD within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Donato
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Daniel R. Machin
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lisa A. Lesniewski
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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33
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Cao C, Fan R, Chen M, Li X, Xing M, Zhu F, Xue H, Wang K, Xu S. Inflammatory Response Occurs in Veins of Broiler Chickens Treated with a Selenium Deficiency Diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 183:361-369. [PMID: 28871485 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) has been indicated to prevent chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. However, a few studies have indicated that Se deficiency can induce vascular diseases. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the effect of Se deficiency on vascular pathology. A total of 60 male broiler chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 30). The control group (C group) was fed a basic diet, and the Se-deficient group (L group) was fed a Se-deficient, corn-soy-based diet. Changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of inflammatory factors and inflammation-related cytokines were examined by both RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Our results indicate that the mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory factors and inflammation-related cytokines in the L group were significantly changed in the vein. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to define the most important parameters that could be used as key factors. The in vitro experiments also demonstrated that Se can enhance the anti-inflammatory ability of vein endothelial cells. In conclusion, Se deficiency induces an inflammatory response by modulating inflammatory factors and inflammation-related cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Cao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Fan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghao Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Xing
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fating Zhu
- National Selenium-Rich Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Enshi, 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Xue
- National Selenium-Rich Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Enshi, 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Life Science, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Wang Y, Wang J, Guo X, Chan EC, Jiang F. Adventitial Activation in the Pathogenesis of Injury-Induced Arterial Remodeling: Potential Implications in Transplant Vasculopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:838-845. [PMID: 29341889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transplant vasculopathy is one of the major causes of chronic rejection after solid organ transplantation. The pathogenic mechanisms of transplant vasculopathy are still poorly understood. Herein, we summarize current evidence suggesting that activation of the tunica adventitia may be involved in the pathogenesis of transplant vasculopathy. Adventitia is an early responder to various vascular injuries and plays an integral role in eliciting vascular inflammation and remodeling. Accumulation of macrophages in the adventitia promotes the development of vascular remodeling by releasing a variety of paracrine factors that have profound impacts on vascular mural cells. Targeting adventitial macrophages has been shown to be effective for repressing transplantation-induced arterial remodeling in animal models. Adventitia also fosters angiogenesis, and neovascularization of the adventitial layer may facilitate the transport of inflammatory cells through the arterial wall. Further investigations are warranted to clarify whether inhibiting adventitial oxidative stress and/or adventitial neovascularization are better strategies for preventing transplant vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaosun Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Elsa C Chan
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research (Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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35
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Nox, Reactive Oxygen Species and Regulation of Vascular Cell Fate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040090. [PMID: 29135921 PMCID: PMC5745500 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an imbalance of antioxidant defence mechanisms can result in oxidative stress. Several pro-atherogenic stimuli that promote intimal-medial thickening (IMT) and early arteriosclerotic disease progression share oxidative stress as a common regulatory pathway dictating vascular cell fate. The major source of ROS generated within the vascular system is the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family of enzymes (Nox), of which seven members have been characterized. The Nox family are critical determinants of the redox state within the vessel wall that dictate, in part the pathophysiology of several vascular phenotypes. This review highlights the putative role of ROS in controlling vascular fate by promoting endothelial dysfunction, altering vascular smooth muscle phenotype and dictating resident vascular stem cell fate, all of which contribute to intimal medial thickening and vascular disease progression.
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36
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Sun HJ, Ren XS, Xiong XQ, Chen YZ, Zhao MX, Wang JJ, Zhou YB, Han Y, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to VSMC phenotypic transformation and proliferation in hypertension. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3074. [PMID: 28981106 PMCID: PMC5680591 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in pathogenesis of hypertension. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a powerful mediator of inflammatory response via caspase-1 activation. The present study was designed to determine the roles and mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome in phenotypic modulation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in hypertension. Experiments were conducted in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and primary aortic VSMCs. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was observed in the media of aorta in SHR and in the VSMCs from SHR. Knockdown of NLRP3 inhibited inflammasome activation, VSMC phenotypic transformation and proliferation in SHR-derived VSMCs. Increased NFκB activation, histone acetylation and histone acetyltransferase expression were observed in SHR-derived VSMCs and in media of aorta in SHR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed the increased histone acetylation, p65-NFκB and Pol II occupancy at the NLRP3 promoter in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of NFκB with BAY11-7082 or inhibition of histone acetyltransferase with curcumin prevented the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, VSMC phenotype switching and proliferation in VSMCs from SHR. Moreover, curcumin repressed NFκB activation. Silencing of NLRP3 gene ameliorated hypertension, vascular remodeling, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and phenotype switching in the aorta of SHR. These results indicate that NLRP3 inflammasome activation response to histone acetylation and NFκB activation contributes to VSMC phenotype switching and proliferation and vascular remodeling in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xing-Sheng Ren
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ming-Xia Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jue-Jin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Fu Y, Wang X, Kong W. Hyperhomocysteinaemia and vascular injury: advances in mechanisms and drug targets. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1173-1189. [PMID: 28836260 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine is a sulphur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid. Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy), the pathogenic elevation of plasma homocysteine as a result of an imbalance of its metabolism, is an independent risk factor for various vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular calcification and aneurysm. Treatments aimed at lowering plasma homocysteine via dietary supplementation with folic acids and vitamin B are more effective in preventing vascular disease where the population has a normally low folate consumption than in areas with higher dietary folate. To date, the mechanisms of HHcy-induced vascular injury are not fully understood. HHcy increases oxidative stress and its downstream signalling pathways, resulting in vascular inflammation. HHcy also causes vascular injury via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, HHcy up-regulates pathogenic genes and down-regulates protective genes via DNA demethylation and methylation respectively. Homocysteinylation of proteins induced by homocysteine also contributes to vascular injury by modulating intracellular redox state and altering protein function. Furthermore, HHcy-induced vascular injury leads to neuronal damage and disease. Also, an HHcy-activated sympathetic system and HHcy-injured adipose tissue also cause vascular injury, thus demonstrating the interactions between the organs injured by HHcy. Here, we have summarized the recent developments in the mechanisms of HHcy-induced vascular injury, which are further considered as potential therapeutic targets in this condition. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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38
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Guzik TJ, Touyz RM. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Vascular Aging in Hypertension. Hypertension 2017; 70:660-667. [PMID: 28784646 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.07802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J Guzik
- From the British Heart Foundation Centre for Excellence, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.G., R.M.T.); and Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Collegium Medicum Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (T.J.G.).
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- From the British Heart Foundation Centre for Excellence, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.G., R.M.T.); and Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Collegium Medicum Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (T.J.G.)
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Xiao L, Liu L, Guo X, Zhang S, Wang J, Zhou F, Liu L, Tang Y, Yao P. Quercetin attenuates high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice: A critical role of NADPH oxidase. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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40
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Xu JY, Chang NB, Li T, Jiang R, Sun XL, He YZ, Jiang J. Endothelial Cells Inhibit the Angiotensin II Induced Phenotypic Modulation of Rat Vascular Adventitial Fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1921-1927. [PMID: 28218456 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic modulation of vascular adventitial fibroblasts plays an important role in vascular remodeling. Evidence have shown that endothelial cells and adventitial fibroblasts interact under certain conditions. In this study, we investigated the influence of endothelial cells on the phenotypic modulation of adventitial fibroblasts. Endothelial cells and adventitial fibroblasts from rat thoracic aorta were cultivated in a co-culture system and adventitial fibroblasts were induced with angiotensin II (Ang II). Collagen I and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and migration of adventitial fibroblasts were analyzed. Ang II upregulated the expression of collagen I and α-SMA and the migration of adventitial fibroblasts. Adventitial fibroblasts-endothelial cells co-culturing attenuated the effects of Ang II. Homocysteine-treated endothelial cells, which are functionally impaired, were less inhibitory of the phenotypic modulation of adventitial fibroblasts. Supplementation of endothelial cells with L-arginine (L-Arg) or 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-BrcGMP) enhanced the trends, while with L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or 1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) the opposite effect was observed. Under the influence of Ang II, adventitial fibroblasts were prone to undergo phenotypic modulation, which was closely related to vascular remodeling. Our study showed that endothelial cells influenced fibroblast phenotypic transformation and such effect would be mediated through the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1921-1927, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Neng-Bin Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan-Zheng He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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41
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García-Redondo AB, Aguado A, Briones AM, Salaices M. NADPH oxidases and vascular remodeling in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:110-120. [PMID: 27773825 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signaling molecules that regulate vascular function and structure in physiological conditions. A misbalance between the production and detoxification of ROS increases oxidative stress that is involved in the vascular remodeling associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension by affecting inflammation, hypertrophy, migration, growth/apoptosis and extracellular matrix protein turnover. The major and more specific source of ROS in the cardiovascular system is the NADPH oxidase (NOX) family of enzymes composed of seven members (NOX1-5, DUOX 1/2). Vascular cells express several NOXs being NOX-1 and NOX-4 the most abundant NOXs present in vascular smooth muscle cells. This review focuses on specific aspects of NOX-1 and NOX-4 isoforms including information on regulation, function and their role in vascular remodeling. In order to obtain a more integrated view about the role of the different NOX isoforms in different types of vascular remodeling, we discuss the available literature not only on hypertension but also in atherosclerosis, restenosis and aortic dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B García-Redondo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Aguado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Briones
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Byon CH, Heath JM, Chen Y. Redox signaling in cardiovascular pathophysiology: A focus on hydrogen peroxide and vascular smooth muscle cells. Redox Biol 2016; 9:244-253. [PMID: 27591403 PMCID: PMC5011184 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress represents excessive intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Besides having a critical impact on the development and progression of vascular pathologies including atherosclerosis and diabetic vasculopathy, oxidative stress also regulates physiological signaling processes. As a cell permeable ROS generated by cellular metabolism involved in intracellular signaling, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exerts tremendous impact on cardiovascular pathophysiology. Under pathological conditions, increased oxidase activities and/or impaired antioxidant systems results in uncontrolled production of ROS. In a pro-oxidant environment, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) undergo phenotypic changes which can lead to the development of vascular dysfunction such as vascular inflammation and calcification. Investigations are ongoing to elucidate the mechanisms for cardiovascular disorders induced by oxidative stress. This review mainly focuses on the role of H2O2 in regulating physiological and pathological signals in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack M Heath
- Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; University of Alabama at Birmingham, and the Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Kadlec AO, Chabowski DS, Ait-Aissa K, Gutterman DD. Role of PGC-1α in Vascular Regulation: Implications for Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1467-74. [PMID: 27312223 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction results in high levels of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, leading to disruption of endothelial homeostasis. Recent discoveries have clarified several pathways, whereby mitochondrial dysregulation contributes to endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease burden. One such pathway centers around peroxisome proliferator receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a transcriptional coactivator linked to mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant defense, among other functions. Although primarily investigated for its therapeutic potential in obesity and skeletal muscle differentiation, the ability of PGC-1α to alter a multitude of cellular functions has sparked interest in its role in the vasculature. Within this context, recent studies demonstrate that PGC-1α plays a key role in endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell regulation through effects on oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and cell proliferation. The ability of PGC-1α to affect these parameters is relevant to vascular disease progression, particularly in relation to atherosclerosis. Upregulation of PGC-1α can prevent the development of, and even encourage regression of, atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, PGC-1α is poised to serve as a promising target in vascular disease. This review details recent findings related to PGC-1α in vascular regulation, regulation of PGC-1α itself, the role of PGC-1α in atherosclerosis, and therapies that target this key protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Kadlec
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., D.D.G.), and Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., D.D.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Veterans Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI (D.D.G.)
| | - Dawid S Chabowski
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., D.D.G.), and Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., D.D.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Veterans Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI (D.D.G.)
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., D.D.G.), and Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., D.D.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Veterans Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI (D.D.G.)
| | - David D Gutterman
- From the Department of Physiology (A.O.K., D.D.G.), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.S.C., K.A.-A., D.D.G.), and Cardiovascular Center (A.O.K., D.S.C., K.A.-A., D.D.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Veterans Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI (D.D.G.).
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