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Patel M, Harris N, Kasztan M, Hyndman K. Comprehensive analysis of the endothelin system in the kidneys of mice, rats, and humans. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20240768. [PMID: 38904098 PMCID: PMC11249498 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20240768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The intrarenal endothelin (ET) system is an established moderator of kidney physiology and mechanistic contributor to the pathophysiology and progression of chronic kidney disease in humans and rodents. The aim of the present study was to characterize ET system by combining single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data with immunolocalization in human and rodent kidneys of both sexes. Using publicly available scRNA-seq data, we assessed sex and kidney disease status (human), age and sex (rats), and diurnal expression (mice) on the kidney ET system expression. In normal human biopsies of both sexes and in rodent kidney samples, the endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE1) and ET-1 were prominent in the glomeruli and endothelium. These data agreed with the scRNA-seq data from these three species, with ECE1/Ece1 mRNA enriched in the endothelium. However, the EDN1/Edn1 gene (encodes ET-1) was rarely detected, even though it was immunolocalized within the kidneys, and plasma and urinary ET-1 excretion are easily measured. Within each species, there were some sex-specific differences. For example, in kidney biopsies from living donors, men had a greater glomerular endothelial cell endothelin receptor B (Ednrb) compared with women. In mice, females had greater kidney endothelial cell Ednrb than male mice. As commercially available antibodies did not work in all species, and RNA expression did not always correlate with protein levels, multiple approaches should be considered to maintain required rigor and reproducibility of the pre- and clinical studies evaluating the intrarenal ET system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margi Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, U.K
| | - Nicholas Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, U.K
| | - Malgorzata Kasztan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, U.K
| | - Kelly A. Hyndman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, U.K
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2
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Wilcox CS, Herbert C, Wang C, Ma Y, Sun P, Li T, Verbesey J, Kumar P, Kassaye S, Welch WJ, Choi MJ, Pourafshar N, Wang D. Signals From Inflamed Perivascular Adipose Tissue Contribute to Small-Vessel Dysfunction in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:67-77. [PMID: 39052698 PMCID: PMC11272057 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with the human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) have microvascular disease. Because perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates microvascular function and adipose tissue is inflamed in PWH, we tested the hypothesis that PWH have inflamed PVAT that impairs the function of their small vessels. METHODS Subcutaneous small arteries were dissected with or without PVAT from a gluteal skin biopsy from 11 women with treated HIV (WWH) aged < 50 years and 10 matched women without HIV, and studied on isometric myographs. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by fluorescence microscopy. Adipokines and markers of inflammation and ROS were assayed in PVAT. RESULTS PVAT surrounding the small arteries in control women significantly (P < .05) enhanced acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation and NO, and reduced contractions to thromboxane and endothelin-1. However, these effects of PVAT were reduced significantly (P < .05) in WWH whose PVAT released less adiponectin but more markers of ROS and inflammation. Moderation of contractions by PVAT were correlated positively with adipose adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS PVAT from WWH has oxidative stress, inflammation, and reduced release of adiponectin, which may contribute to enhanced contractions and therefore could promote small-artery dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Carly Herbert
- Multicenter Aids Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yuchi Ma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Philena Sun
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Tian Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jennifer Verbesey
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Princy Kumar
- Division of Infection Disease, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Multicenter Aids Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Seble Kassaye
- Division of Infection Disease, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Multicenter Aids Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - William J Welch
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Michael J Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Negiin Pourafshar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Fang X, Zhang Y, Wu H, Wang H, Miao R, Wei J, Zhang Y, Tian J, Tong X. Mitochondrial regulation of diabetic endothelial dysfunction: Pathophysiological links. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 170:106569. [PMID: 38556159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Micro- and macrovascular complications frequently occur in patients with diabetes, with endothelial dysfunction playing a key role in the development and progression of the complications. For the early diagnosis and optimal treatment of vascular complications associated with diabetes, it is imperative to comprehend the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the function of diabetic endothelial cells. Mitochondria function as crucial sensors of environmental and cellular stress regulating endothelial cell viability, structural integrity and function. Impaired mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main features of endothelial damage. Hence, targeted mitochondrial therapy is considered promising novel therapeutic options in vascular complications of diabetes. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial functions in the vascular endothelial cells and the pathophysiological role of mitochondria in diabetic endothelial dysfunction, aiming to provide a reference for related drug development and clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiahua Wei
- Graduate College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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4
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Lin DW, Hsu YC, Chang CC, Hsieh CC, Lin CL. Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of NRF2 in Kidney Injury and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076053. [PMID: 37047024 PMCID: PMC10094034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox is a constant phenomenon in organisms. From the signaling pathway transduction to the oxidative stress during the inflammation and disease process, all are related to reduction-oxidation (redox). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor targeting many antioxidant genes. In non-stressed conditions, NRF2 maintains the hemostasis of redox with housekeeping work. It expresses constitutively with basal activity, maintained by Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-associated ubiquitination and degradation. When encountering stress, it can be up-regulated by several mechanisms to exert its anti-oxidative ability in diseases or inflammatory processes to protect tissues and organs from further damage. From acute kidney injury to chronic kidney diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy or glomerular disease, many results of studies have suggested that, as a master of regulating redox, NRF2 is a therapeutic option. It was not until the early termination of the clinical phase 3 trial of diabetic nephropathy due to heart failure as an unexpected side effect that we renewed our understanding of NRF2. NRF2 is not just a simple antioxidant capacity but has pleiotropic activities, harmful or helpful, depending on the conditions and backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Martin de Porres Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chien Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Chang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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5
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França-Neto AD, Couto GK, Xavier FE, Rossoni LV. Cyclooxygenase-2 is a critical determinant of angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling and stiffness in resistance arteries of ouabain-treated rats. J Hypertens 2022; 40:2180-2191. [PMID: 35969208 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of angiotensin II/AT 1 receptor signaling and/or cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activation on vascular remodeling and stiffening of the mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) of ouabain-treated rats. METHODS Ouabain-treated (OUA, 30 μg kg/day for 5 weeks) and vehicle (VEH)-treated Wistar rats were co-treated with losartan (LOS, AT 1 R antagonist), nimesulide (NIM, COX-2 inhibitor) or hydralazine hydrochloride plus hydrochlorothiazide. MRA structure and mechanics were assessed with pressure myography and histology. Picrosirius red staining was used to determine the total collagen content. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of collagen I/III, MMP-2, Src, NFκB, Bax, Bcl-2 and COX-2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plasma angiotensin II levels were measured by fluorescence and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Blockade of AT 1 R or inhibition of COX-2 prevented ouabain-induced blood pressure elevation. Plasma angiotensin II level was higher in OUA than in VEH. LOS, but not hydralazine hydrochloride with hydrochlorothiazide, prevented inward hypotrophic remodeling, increased collagen deposition and stiffness, and oxidative stress in OUA MRA. LOS prevented the reduction in the total number of nuclei in the media layer and the Bcl-2 expression induced by OUA in MRA. The higher pSrc/Src ratio, NFκB/IκB ratio, and COX-2 expression in OUA MRA were also prevented by LOS. Likewise, COX-2 inhibition prevented vascular remodeling, mechanical changes, oxidative stress and inflammation in OUA MRA. CONCLUSION The results suggest that, regardless of hemodynamic adjustments, the angiotensin II/AT 1 R/pSrc/ROS/NFκB/COX-2 pathway is involved in the development of MRA inward hypotrophic remodeling and stiffness in ouabain-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldair de França-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo
| | - Gisele Kruger Couto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo
| | - Fabiano Elias Xavier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Luciana Venturini Rossoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo
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Liu S, Li X, Wen R, Chen L, Yang Q, Song S, Xiao G, Su Z, Wang C. Increased thromboxane/prostaglandin receptors contribute to high glucose-induced podocyte injury and mitochondrial fission through ROCK1-Drp1 signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 151:106281. [PMID: 35995387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mitochondrial fission in podocytes serves as a central hub for the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), and the thromboxane/prostaglandin receptor (TP receptor) plays a potential role in DN. However, regulation of the TP receptor during mitochondrial dynamics disorder in podocytes remains unknown. Here, we firstly reported novel mechanistic details of TP receptor effects on mitochondrial dynamics in podocytes under diabetic conditions. Expression of the TP receptor was significantly upregulated in podocytes under diabetic conditions both in vivo and in vitro. S18886 attenuated podocyte mitochondrial fission, glomerular injury and renal dysfunction in diabetic mice. Furthermore, inhibition of the TP receptor by both genetic and pharmacological methods dramatically reduced mitochondrial fission and attenuated podocyte injury induced by high glucose through regulating dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) phosphorylation and its subsequent translocation to mitochondria. In contrast, TP receptor overexpression and application of TP receptor agonist U46619 in these podocytes showed the opposite effect on mitochondrial fission and podocyte injury. Furthermore, treatment with Y27632, an inhibitor of Rho-associated kinase1 (ROCK1), significantly blunted more fragmented mitochondria and reduced podocyte injuries in podocytes with TP receptor overexpression or after U46619 treatment. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of Drp1 alleviated excessive mitochondrial fragmentation and podocyte damage in TP receptor overexpressing podocytes. Our data suggests that increased expression of the TP receptor can occur in a human cultured podocyte cell line and in podocytes derived from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, which contributes to mitochondrial excessive fission and podocyte injury via ROCK1-Drp1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Xuehong Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Ruowei Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Qinglan Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Shicong Song
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Guanqing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Zhongzhen Su
- Department of Ultrasound, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China.
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7
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Wang D, Wang C, Hao X, Carter G, Carter R, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS. Activation of Nrf2 in Mice Causes Early Microvascular Cyclooxygenase-Dependent Oxidative Stress and Enhanced Contractility. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050845. [PMID: 35624708 PMCID: PMC9137799 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcribes antioxidant genes that reduce the blood pressure (BP), yet its activation with tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) in mice infused with angiotensin II (Ang II) increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) over the first 4 days of the infusion. Since tBHQ enhanced cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we tested the hypothesis that tBHQ administration during an ongoing Ang II infusion causes an early increase in microvascular COX-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contractility. Mesenteric microarteriolar contractility was assessed on a myograph, and ROS by RatioMaster™. Three days of oral tBHQ administration during the infusion of Ang II increased the mesenteric microarteriolar mRNA for p47phox, the endothelin type A receptor and thromboxane A2 synthase, and increased the excretion of 8-isoprostane F2α and the microarteriolar ROS and contractions to a thromboxane A2 (TxA2) agonist (U-46,619) and endothelin 1 (ET1). These were all prevented in Nrf2 knockout mice. Moreover, the increases in ROS and contractility were prevented in COX1 knockout mice with blockade of COX2 and by blockade of thromboxane prostanoid receptors (TPRs). In conclusion, the activation of Nrf2 over 3 days of Ang II infusion enhances microarteriolar ROS and contractility, which are dependent on COX1, COX2 and TPRs. Therefore, the blockade of these pathways may diminish the early adverse cardiovascular disease events that have been recorded during the initiation of Nrf2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Xueqin Hao
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Gabriela Carter
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Rafaela Carter
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - William J Welch
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Li L, Lai EY, Cao X, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS. Endothelial prostaglandin D 2 opposes angiotensin II contractions in mouse isolated perfused intracerebral microarterioles. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2020; 21:1470320320966177. [PMID: 33094663 PMCID: PMC7585895 DOI: 10.1177/1470320320966177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothesis: A lack of contraction of cerebral microarterioles to Ang II (“resilience”) depends on cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipocalin type prostaglandin D sythase L-PGDS producing PGD2 that activates prostaglandin D type 1 receptors (DP1Rs) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Materials & Methods: Contractions were assessed in isolated, perfused vessels and NO by fluorescence microscopy. Results: The mRNAs of penetrating intraparenchymal cerebral microarterioles versus renal afferent arterioles were >3000-fold greater for L-PGDS and DP1R and 5-fold for NOS III and COX 2. Larger cerebral arteries contracted with Ang II. However, cerebral microarterioles were entirely unresponsive but contracted with endothelin 1 and perfusion pressure. Ang II contractions were evoked in cerebral microarterioles from COX1 –/– mice or after blockade of COX2, L-PGDS or NOS and in deendothelialized vessels but effects of deendothelialization were lost during COX blockade. NO generation with Ang II depended on COX and also was increased by DP1R activation. Conclusion: The resilience of cerebral arterioles to Ang II contractions is specific for intraparenchymal microarterioles and depends on endothelial COX1 and two products that are metabolized by L-PGDS to generate PGD2 that signals via DP1Rs and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.,Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - E Y Lai
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.,Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Cao
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - W J Welch
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - C S Wilcox
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
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Cao W, Wu L, Zhang X, Zhou J, Wang J, Yang Z, Su H, Liu Y, Wilcox CS, Hou FF. Sympathetic Overactivity in CKD Disrupts Buffering of Neurotransmission by Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor and Enhances Vasoconstriction. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2312-2325. [PMID: 32616538 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension commonly complicates CKD. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of resistance arteries receive signals from the sympathetic nervous system that induce an endothelial cell (EC)-dependent anticontractile response that moderates vasoconstriction. However, the specific role of this pathway in the enhanced vasoconstriction in CKD is unknown. METHODS A mouse model of CKD hypertension generated with 5/6-nephrectomy (5/6Nx) was used to investigate the hypothesis that an impaired anticontractile mechanism enhances sympathetic vasoconstriction. In vivo, ex vivo (isolated mesenteric resistance arteries), and in vitro (VSMC and EC coculture) models demonstrated neurovascular transmission and its contribution to vascular resistance. RESULTS By 4 weeks, 5/6Nx mice (versus sham) had augmented increases in mesenteric vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure with carotid artery occlusion, accompanied by decreased connexin 43 (Cx43) expression at myoendothelial junctions (MEJs), impaired gap junction function, decreased EC-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH), and enhanced contractions. Exposure of VSMCs to NE for 24 hours in a vascular cell coculture decreased MEJ Cx43 expression and MEJ gap junction function. These changes preceded vascular structural changes evident only at week 8. Inhibition of central sympathetic outflow or transfection of Cx43 normalized neurovascular transmission and vasoconstriction in 5/6Nx mice. CONCLUSIONS 5/6Nx mice have enhanced neurovascular transmission and vasoconstriction from an impaired EDH anticontractile component before vascular structural changes. These neurovascular changes depend on an enhanced sympathetic discharge that impairs the expression of Cx43 in gap junctions at MEJs, thereby interrupting EDH responses that normally moderate vascular tone. Dysregulation of neurovascular transmission may contribute to the development of hypertension in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liling Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichen Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanjuan Su
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University Medical Central, Washington, DC
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Prostanoids contribute to regulation of inwardly rectifying K + channels in intrarenal arterial smooth muscle cells. Life Sci 2020; 250:117586. [PMID: 32222464 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The inward rectifier K+ (Kir) channels and prostanoids are important factors in regulating vascular tone, but the relationship between them has not been well studied. We aimed to study the involvement of prostanoids in regulating Kir activity in the rat intrarenal arteries (RIRAs). MAIN METHODS The vascular tone of isolated RIRAs was recorded with a wire myograph. The intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and Kir currents were measured with a Ca2+-sensitive fluorescence probe and patch clamp, respectively, in the arterial smooth muscle cell (ASMC) freshly isolated from RIRAs. Kir2.1 expression in RIRAs was assayed by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS At 0.03-1.0 mM, BaCl2 (a specific Kir blocker) concentration-dependently contracted RIRAs and elevated [Ca2+]i levels. Mild stimulations with various vasoconstrictors at low concentrations significantly potentiated RIRA contraction induced by Kir closure with BaCl2. In both the quiescent and the stimulated RIRAs, cyclooxygenase inhibition and thromboxane-prostanoid receptor (TPR) antagonism depressed BaCl2-induced RIRA contraction, while nitric oxide (NO) synthetase inhibition and endothelium-denudation enhanced the contraction. Kir2.1 expression was significantly more abundant in smaller RIRAs. Ba2+-sensitive Kir currents were depressed by TPR agonist U46619 while increased by NO donor sodium nitroprusside. SIGNIFICANCE The present results reveal that vasoconstrictor stimulation augments RIRA contraction induced by Kir closure with Ba+ and indicate that prostanoid synthesis followed by TPR activation is involved in the modulation of the myocyte Kir activity. This study suggests that prostanoid synthesis and TPR may be potential targets for dysfunctions in renal blood circulation.
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11
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Wilcox CS, Wang C, Wang D. Endothelin-1-Induced Microvascular ROS and Contractility in Angiotensin-II-Infused Mice Depend on COX and TP Receptors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060193. [PMID: 31234522 PMCID: PMC6616505 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin 1 (ET-1) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can activate cyclooxygenase (COX). However, thromboxane prostanoid receptors (TPRs) are required to increase systemic markers of ROS during Ang II infusion in mice. We hypothesized that COX and TPRs are upstream requirements for the generation of vascular ROS by ET-1. (2) Methods: ET-1-induced vascular contractions and ROS were assessed in mesenteric arterioles from wild type (+/+) and knockout (−/−) of COX1 or TPR mice infused with Ang II (400 ng/kg/min × 14 days) or a vehicle. (3) Results: Ang II infusion appeared to increase microvascular protein expression of endothelin type A receptors (ETARs), TPRs, and COX1 and 2 in COX1 and TPR +/+ mice but not in −/− mice. Ang II infusion increased ET-1-induced vascular contractions and ROS, which were prevented by a blockade of COX1 and 2 in TPR −/− mice. ET-1 increased the activity of aortic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1, 2, and 3 in Ang-II-infused mice, which were prevented by a blockade of TPRs. (4) Conclusion: Activation of vascular TPRs by COX products are required for ET-1 to increase vascular contractions and ROS generation from NADPH oxidase and reduce ROS metabolism by SOD. These effects require an increase in these systems by prior infusion of Ang II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Dan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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12
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Nakano Y, Nakatani Y, Takami M, Taniyama Y, Arima S. Diverse associations between oxidative stress and thromboxane A 2 in hypertensive glomerular injury. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:450-458. [PMID: 30542084 PMCID: PMC8075916 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We examined the potential contributions of oxidative stress and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) to the development of regional heterogeneity in hypertensive glomerular injury using stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), an animal model of human essential hypertension. We also examined the effect of antioxidant treatment on the regional expression of thromboxane synthase (TXAS) mRNA using a microdissection method. Increases in the glomerular expression of TXAS mRNA were observed in the SHRSP at 15 weeks of age compared with those in the age-matched normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats: 2.4-fold and 3.1-fold in the superficial and juxtamedullary glomeruli, respectively (P < 0.05). The heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression was markedly increased (greater than eightfold, P < 0.05) in both the superficial and juxtamedullary glomeruli in the SHRSP compared with the expression in the WKY rats. In contrast to our expectations, the treatment of SHRSP with tempol (a superoxide dismutase mimetic) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the TXAS mRNA expression in the superficial glomeruli and did not improve the histological injury or albuminuria, which were both aggravated. Moreover, ozagrel (a TXAS inhibitor) had a suppressive effect on the TXAS mRNA expression and significantly (P < 0.05) improved the histological injury. These results indicated that although TXA2 and oxidative stress are linked to each other, TXA2 rather than oxidative stress may be a better therapeutic target to improve hypertensive glomerular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihito Nakano
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nakatani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Takami
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Taniyama
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Arima
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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13
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Li Y, Xia W, Zhao F, Wen Z, Zhang A, Huang S, Jia Z, Zhang Y. Prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26586-26602. [PMID: 29899878 PMCID: PMC5995175 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are important lipid mediators produced from arachidonic acid via the sequential catalyzation of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and specific prostaglandin synthases. There are five subtypes of PGs, namely PGE2, PGI2, PGD2, PGF2α, and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). PGs exert distinct roles by combining to a diverse family of membrane-spanning G protein-coupled prostanoid receptors. The distribution of these PGs, their specific synthases and receptors vary a lot in the kidney. This review summarized the recent findings of PGs together with the COXs and their specific synthases and receptors in regulating renal function and highlighted the insights into their roles in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhaoying Wen
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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14
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Liu X, Davis CM, Alkayed NJ. P450 Eicosanoids and Reactive Oxygen Species Interplay in Brain Injury and Neuroprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:987-1007. [PMID: 28298143 PMCID: PMC5849284 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Eicosanoids are endogenous lipid mediators that play important roles in brain function and disease. Acute brain injury such as that which occurs in stroke and traumatic brain injury increases the formation of eicosanoids, which, in turn, exacerbate or diminish injury. In chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (VD), eicosanoid synthetic and metabolizing enzymes are altered, disrupting the balance between neuroprotective and neurotoxic eicosanoids. Recent Advances: Human and experimental studies have established the opposing roles of hydroxy- and epoxyeicosanoids and their potential utility as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in neural injury. Critical Issues: A gap in knowledge remains in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the neurovascular actions of specific eicosanoids, such as specific isomers of epoxyeicosatrienoic (EETs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Future Directions: EETs and HETEs exert their actions on brain cells by targeting multiple mechanisms, which include surface G-protein coupled receptors. The identification of high-affinity receptors for EETs and HETEs and their cellular localization in the brain will be a breakthrough in our understanding of these eicosanoids as mediators of cell-cell communications and contributors to brain development, function, and disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 987-1007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Liu
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Catherine M Davis
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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15
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Changes in arterial pressure and markers of nitric oxide homeostasis and oxidative stress following surgical correction of hydronephrosis in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33:639-649. [PMID: 29196979 PMCID: PMC5859689 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent clinical studies have suggested an increased risk of elevated arterial pressure in patients with hydronephrosis. Animals with experimentally induced hydronephrosis develop hypertension, which is correlated to the degree of obstruction and increased oxidative stress. In this prospective study we investigated changes in arterial pressure, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis following correction of hydronephrosis. METHODS Ambulatory arterial pressure (24 h) was monitored in pediatric patients with hydronephrosis (n = 15) before and after surgical correction, and the measurements were compared with arterial pressure measurements in two control groups, i.e. healthy controls (n = 8) and operated controls (n = 8). Markers of oxidative stress and NO homeostasis were analyzed in matched urine and plasma samples. RESULTS The preoperative mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in hydronephrotic patients [83 mmHg; 95% confidence interval (CI) 80-88 mmHg] than in healthy controls (74 mmHg; 95% CI 68-80 mmHg; p < 0.05), and surgical correction of ureteral obstruction reduced arterial pressure (76 mmHg; 95% CI 74-79 mmHg; p < 0.05). Markers of oxidative stress (i.e., 11-dehydroTXB2, PGF2α, 8-iso-PGF2α, 8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in patients with hydronephrosis compared with both control groups, and these were reduced following surgery (p < 0.05). Interestingly, there was a trend for increased NO synthase activity and signaling in hydronephrosis, which may indicate compensatory mechanism(s). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates increased arterial pressure and oxidative stress in children with hydronephrosis compared with healthy controls, which can be restored to normal levels by surgical correction of the obstruction. Once reference data on ambulatory blood pressure in this young age group become available, we hope cut-off values can be defined for deciding whether or not to correct hydronephrosis surgically.
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16
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Wang C, Luo Z, Carter G, Wellstein A, Jose PA, Tomlinson J, Leiper J, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS, Wang D. NRF2 prevents hypertension, increased ADMA, microvascular oxidative stress, and dysfunction in mice with two weeks of ANG II infusion. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R399-R406. [PMID: 29167164 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00122.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythyroid factor 2 (Nrf2) transcribes genes in cultured endothelial cells that reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and generate nitric oxide (NO) or metabolize asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which inhibits NO synthase (NOS). Therefore, we undertook a functional study to test the hypothesis that activation of Nrf2 by tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) preserves microvascular endothelial function during oxidative stress. Wild-type CB57BL/6 (wt), Nrf2 wt (+/+), or knockout (-/-) mice received vehicle (Veh) or tBHQ (0.1%; activator of Nrf2) during 14-day infusions of ANG II (to induce oxidative stress) or sham. MAP was recorded by telemetry. Mesenteric resistance arterioles were studied on isometric myographs and vascular NO and ROS by fluorescence microscopy. ANG II increased the mean arterial pressure (112 ± 5 vs. 145 ± 5 mmHg; P < 0.01) and excretion of 8-isoprostane F2α (2.8 ± 0.3 vs. 3.8 ± 0.3 ng/mg creatinine; P < 0.05) at 12-14 days. However, 12 days of ANG II reduced endothelium-derived relaxation (27 ± 5 vs. 17 ± 3%; P < 0.01) and NO (0.38 ± 0.07 vs. 0.18 ± 0.03 units; P < 0.01) but increased microvascular remodeling, endothelium-derived contractions (7.5 ± 0.5 vs. 13.0 ± 1.7%; P < 0.01), superoxide (0.09 ± 0.03 vs. 0.29 ± 0.08 units; P < 0.05), and contractions to U-46,619 (87 ± 6 vs. 118 ± 3%; P < 0.05), and endothelin-1(89 ± 4 vs. 123 ± 12%; P < 0.05). tBHQ prevented all of these effects of ANG II at 12-14 days in Nrf2+/+ mice but not in Nrf2-/- mice. In conclusion, tBHQ activates Nrf2 to prevent microvascular endothelial dysfunction, remodeling, and contractility, and moderate ADMA and hypertension at 12-14 days of ANG II infusion, thereby preserving endothelial function and preventing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, 5th Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai, Guangdong , China
| | - Zaiming Luo
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
| | - Gabriella Carter
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Nephrology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Washington, D.C
| | - James Tomlinson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College , London , United Kingdom
| | - James Leiper
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - William J Welch
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
| | - Dan Wang
- Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C
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17
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Downregulation of Thromboxane A 2 Receptor Occurs Mainly via Nuclear Factor-KappaB Signaling Pathway in Rat Renal Artery. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2017; 2017:6507048. [PMID: 28775740 PMCID: PMC5523459 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6507048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) acts on TXA2 receptors (TP) to regulate renal artery blood flow and subsequently contributes to the pathogenesis of renal ischemia. The present study was designed to examine if nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is involved in the downregulation of TP receptors in rat renal artery. Rat renal artery segments were organ cultured for 6 or 24 h. Downregulation of TP receptors was monitored using myograph (contractile function), real-time PCR (receptor mRNA), and immunohistochemistry (receptor protein). Specific inhibitors (MG-132 and BMS345541) for NF-κB signaling pathway were used to dissect the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. Compared to fresh (noncultured) segments, organ culture of the renal artery segments for 24 h induced a significant rightward shift of U46619 (TP receptor agonist) contractile response curves (pEC50: 6.89 ± 0.06 versus 6.48 ± 0.04, P < 0.001). This decreased contractile response to U46619 was paralleled with decreased TP receptor mRNA and protein expressions in the renal artery smooth muscle cells. Specific inhibitors (MG-132 and BMS345541) for NF-κB signaling pathway significantly abolished the decreased TP protein expression and receptor-mediated contractions. In conclusion, downregulation of TP receptors in the renal artery smooth muscle cells occurs mainly via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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18
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Labazi H, Trask AJ. Coronary microvascular disease as an early culprit in the pathophysiology of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Pharmacol Res 2017; 123:114-121. [PMID: 28700893 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of cardio-metabolic risk factors that includes obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; these are also a combination of independent coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors. Alarmingly, the prevalence of MetS risk factors are increasing and a leading cause for mortality. In the vasculature, complications from MetS and type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be divided into microvascular (retinopathy and nephropathy) and macrovascular (cardiovascular diseases and erectile dysfunction). In addition to vascular and endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling and stiffness are also hallmarks of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and well-characterized vascular changes that are observed in the early stages of hypertension, T2D, and obesity [1-3]. In the heart, the link between obstructive atherosclerosis of coronary macrovessels and myocardial ischemia (MI) is well established. However, recent studies show that abnormalities in the coronary microcirculation are associated with functional and structural changes in coronary microvessels (classically defined as being ≤150-200μm internal diameter), which may cause or contribute to MI even in the absence of obstractive CAD. This suggests a prognostic value of an abnormal coronary microcirculation as an early sub-clinical culprit in the pathogenesis and progression of heart disease in T2D and MetS. The aim of this review is to summarize recent studies investigating the coronary microvascular remodeling in an early pre-atherosclerotic phase of MetS and T2D, and to explore potential mechanisms associated with the timing of coronary microvascular remodeling relative to that of the macrovasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Labazi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Aaron J Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, United States.
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19
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Pialoux V, Poulin MJ, Hemmelgarn BR, Muruve DA, Chirico EN, Faes C, Sola DY, Ahmed SB. Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition Limits Angiotensin II-Induced DNA Oxidation and Protein Nitration in Humans. Front Physiol 2017; 8:138. [PMID: 28344559 PMCID: PMC5344903 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to other cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, celecoxib is associated with a lower cardiovascular risk, though the mechanism remains unclear. Angiotensin II is an important mediator of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of vascular disease. Cyclooxygenase-2 may modify the effects of angiotensin II though this has never been studied in humans. The purpose of the study was to test the effects of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on plasma measures of oxidative stress, the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1, and nitric oxide metabolites, both at baseline and in respose to Angiotensin II challenge in healthy humans. Measures of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, advanced oxidation protein products, nitrotyrosine, endothelin-1, and nitric oxide metabolites were assessed from plasma samples drawn at baseline and in response to graded angiotensin II infusion (3 ng/kg/min × 30 min, 6 ng/kg/min × 30 min) before and after 14 days of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition in 14 healthy subjects (eight male, six female) in high salt balance, a state of maximal renin angiotensin system suppression. Angiotensin II infusion significantly increased plasma oxidative stress compared to baseline (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; +17%; advanced oxidation protein products; +16%), nitrotyrosine (+76%). Furthermore, levels of endothelin-1 levels were significantly increased (+115%) and nitric oxide metabolites were significantly decreased (−20%). Cycloxygenase-2 inhibition significantly limited the increase in 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, nitrotyrosine and the decrease in nitric oxide metabolites induced by angiotensin II infusion, though no changes in advanced oxidation protein products and endothelin-1 concentrations were observed. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition with celecoxib partially limited the angiotensin II-mediated increases in markers of oxidative stress in humans, offering a potential physiological pathway for the improved cardiovascular risk profile of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pialoux
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA7424, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marc J Poulin
- Faculty of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brenda R Hemmelgarn
- Faculty of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel A Muruve
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erica N Chirico
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA7424, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Villeurbanne, France; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamden, NJ, USA
| | - Camille Faes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA7424, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Darlene Y Sola
- Faculty of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sofia B Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
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20
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Sun D, Chen Z, Eirin A, Zhu XY, Lerman A, Textor SC, Lerman LO. Hypercholesterolemia Impairs Nonstenotic Kidney Outcomes After Reversal of Experimental Renovascular Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:853-9. [PMID: 26739189 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Revascularization of a stenotic renal artery improves kidney function only in select patients with renovascular hypertension (HT) secondary to atherosclerosis. However, the effects of reversal of renovascular HT (RRHT) on the nonstenotic kidney are unclear. We hypothesized that concurrent hypercholesterolemia (HC) attenuates nonstenotic kidney recovery. METHODS Female domestic pigs were randomized as Normal, renovascular HT, HT+RRHT, HTC (renovascular HT and HC), and HTC+RHT (n = 7 each). RRHT or sham was performed after 6 weeks of HT. Nonstenotic renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and injurious pathways were studied 4 weeks later. RESULTS Mean arterial pressure increased similarly in HT and HTC and decreased after RRHT. Oxidative stress increased in HT and HTC kidneys, and decreased in HT+RRHT, but remained elevated in HTC+RRHT. Renal interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, and tubular injury were all attenuated in HT+RRHT, but not HTC+RRHT. Endothelin-1 signaling and PGF2α isoprostane levels were elevated in both HTC and HTC+RRHT pigs. CONCLUSIONS RRHT reverses nonstenotic kidney injury in experimental renovascular HT, but concurrent HC blunts regression of kidney injury, possibly due to predominant vasoconstrictors and oxidative stress. These findings reinforce the contribution of the nonstenotic kidney and of prevailing cardiovascular risk factors to irreversibility of kidney dysfunction after revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- The Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; The Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- The Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- The Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- The Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- The Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen C Textor
- The Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- The Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; The Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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