1
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Hamaoka T, Leuenberger UA, Drew RC, Murray M, Blaha C, Luck JC, Sinoway LI, Cui J. Glucose metabolism and autonomic function in healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at rest and during exercise. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:214-226. [PMID: 38050866 PMCID: PMC10841625 DOI: 10.1113/ep091444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Autonomic dysfunction is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the character of dysfunction varies in different reports. Differences in measurement methodology and complications might have influenced the inconsistent results. We sought to evaluate comprehensively the relationship between abnormal glucose metabolism and autonomic function at rest and the response to exercise in healthy individuals and T2DM patients. We hypothesized that both sympathetic and parasympathetic indices would decrease with the progression of abnormal glucose metabolism in individuals with few complications related to high sympathetic tone. Twenty healthy individuals and 11 T2DM patients without clinically evident cardiovascular disease other than controlled hypertension were examined. Resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), heart rate variability, spontaneous cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (CBRS), sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity and the MSNA response to handgrip exercise were measured. Resting MSNA was lower in patients with T2DM than in healthy control subjects (P = 0.011). Resting MSNA was negatively correlated with haemoglobin A1c in all subjects (R = -0.45, P = 0.024). The parasympathetic components of heart rate variability and CBRS were negatively correlated with glycaemic/insulin indices in all subjects and even in the control group only (all, P < 0.05). In all subjects, the MSNA response to exercise was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose (R = 0.69, P < 0.001). Resting sympathetic activity and parasympathetic modulation of heart rate were decreased in relationship to abnormal glucose metabolism. Meanwhile, the sympathetic responses to handgrip were preserved in diabetics. The responses were correlated with glucose/insulin parameters throughout diabetic and control subjects. These results suggest the importance of a comprehensive assessment of autonomic function in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Hamaoka
- Penn State Heart and Vascular InstitutePennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Urs A. Leuenberger
- Penn State Heart and Vascular InstitutePennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rachel C. Drew
- Penn State Heart and Vascular InstitutePennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Matthew Murray
- Penn State Heart and Vascular InstitutePennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Cheryl Blaha
- Penn State Heart and Vascular InstitutePennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jonathan Carter Luck
- Penn State Heart and Vascular InstitutePennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lawrence I. Sinoway
- Penn State Heart and Vascular InstitutePennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jian Cui
- Penn State Heart and Vascular InstitutePennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
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2
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Hori A, Fukazawa A, Katanosaka K, Mizuno M, Hotta N. Mechanosensitive channels in the mechanical component of the exercise pressor reflex. Auton Neurosci 2023; 250:103128. [PMID: 37925831 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular response is appropriately regulated during exercise to meet the metabolic demands of the active muscles. The exercise pressor reflex is a neural feedback mechanism through thin-fiber muscle afferents activated by mechanical and metabolic stimuli in the active skeletal muscles. The mechanical component of this reflex is referred to as skeletal muscle mechanoreflex. Its initial step requires mechanotransduction mediated by mechanosensors, which convert mechanical stimuli into biological signals. Recently, various mechanosensors have been identified, and their contributions to muscle mechanoreflex have been actively investigated. Nevertheless, the mechanosensitive channels responsible for this muscular reflex remain largely unknown. This review discusses progress in our understanding of muscle mechanoreflex under healthy conditions, focusing on mechanosensitive channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amane Hori
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan; Department of Applied Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9174, USA
| | - Ayumi Fukazawa
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan; Department of Applied Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9174, USA
| | - Kimiaki Katanosaka
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Mizuno
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9174, USA
| | - Norio Hotta
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
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3
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Abstract
Exaggerated cardiovascular responses to exercise increase the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. This review provides an overview of the altered exercise pressor reflex in T1D, with an emphasis on the mechanical component of the reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Samora
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Ann-Katrin Grotle
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Audrey J. Stone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Kim HK, Ishizawa R, Fukazawa A, Wang Z, Bezan Petric U, Hu MC, Smith SA, Mizuno M, Vongpatanasin W. Dapagliflozin Attenuates Sympathetic and Pressor Responses to Stress in Young Prehypertensive Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Hypertension 2022; 79:1824-1834. [PMID: 35652337 PMCID: PMC9308730 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SGLT2i (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor), a class of anti-diabetic medications, is shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Mechanisms underlying this action are unknown but SGLT2i-induced sympathoinhibition is thought to play a role. Whether SGLT2i reduces BP and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in a nondiabetic prehypertension model is unknown. METHODS Accordingly, we assessed changes in conscious BP using radiotelemetry and alterations in mean arterial pressure and renal SNA during simulated exercise in nondiabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats during chronic administration of a diet containing dapagliflozin (0.5 mg/kg per day) versus a control diet. RESULTS We found that dapagliflozin had no effect on fasting blood glucose, insulin, or hemoglobin A1C levels. However, dapagliflozin reduced BP in young (8-week old) spontaneously hypertensive rats as well as attenuated the age-related rise in BP in adult spontaneously hypertensive rat up to 17-weeks of age. The rises in mean arterial pressure and renal SNA during simulated exercise (exercise pressor reflex activation by hindlimb muscle contraction) were significantly reduced after 4 weeks of dapagliflozin (Δmean arterial pressure: 10±7 versus 25±14 mm Hg, Δrenal SNA: 31±17% versus 68±39%, P<0.05). Similarly, rises in mean arterial pressure and renal SNA during mechanoreflex stimulation by passive hindlimb stretching were also attenuated by dapagliflozin. Heart weight was significantly decreased in dapagliflozin compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a novel role for SGLT2i in reducing resting BP as well as the activity of skeletal muscle reflexes, independent of glycemic control. Our study may have important clinical implications for preventing hypertension and hypertensive heart disease in young prehypertensive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Kyul Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Hypertension Section (H.-K.K., Z.W., U.B.P., W.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Applied Clinical Research (H.-K.K., R.I., A.F., S.A.S., M.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Rie Ishizawa
- Applied Clinical Research (H.-K.K., R.I., A.F., S.A.S., M.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ayumi Fukazawa
- Applied Clinical Research (H.-K.K., R.I., A.F., S.A.S., M.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Zhongyun Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Hypertension Section (H.-K.K., Z.W., U.B.P., W.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ursa Bezan Petric
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Hypertension Section (H.-K.K., Z.W., U.B.P., W.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ming Chang Hu
- Internal Medicine-Renal Division (M.C.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research (M.C.H., W.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Scott A Smith
- Applied Clinical Research (H.-K.K., R.I., A.F., S.A.S., M.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Masaki Mizuno
- Applied Clinical Research (H.-K.K., R.I., A.F., S.A.S., M.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Wanpen Vongpatanasin
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Hypertension Section (H.-K.K., Z.W., U.B.P., W.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research (M.C.H., W.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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5
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Hori A, Hotta N, Fukazawa A, Estrada JA, Katanosaka K, Mizumura K, Sato J, Ishizawa R, Kim HK, Iwamoto GA, Vongpatanasin W, Mitchell JH, Smith SA, Mizuno M. Insulin potentiates the response to capsaicin in dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro and muscle afferents ex vivo in normal healthy rodents. J Physiol 2022; 600:531-545. [PMID: 34967443 PMCID: PMC8810710 DOI: 10.1113/jp282740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic insulin administration evokes sympathoexcitatory actions, but the mechanisms underlying these observations are unknown. We reported that insulin sensitizes the response of thin-fibre primary afferents, as well as the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) that subserves them, to mechanical stimuli. However, little is known about the effects of insulin on primary neuronal responses to chemical stimuli. TRPV1, whose agonist is capsaicin (CAP), is widely expressed on chemically sensitive metaboreceptors and/or nociceptors. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of insulin on CAP-activated currents in small DRG neurons and CAP-induced action potentials in thin-fibre muscle afferents of normal healthy rodents. Additionally, we investigated whether insulin potentiates sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) responses to CAP. In whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from cultured mice DRG neurons in vitro, the fold change in CAP-activated current from pre- to post-application of insulin (n = 13) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than with a vehicle control (n = 14). Similar results were observed in single-fibre recording experiments ex vivo as insulin potentiated CAP-induced action potentials compared to vehicle controls (n = 9 per group, P < 0.05). Furthermore, insulin receptor blockade with GSK1838705 significantly suppressed the insulin-induced augmentation in CAP-activated currents (n = 13) as well as the response magnitude of CAP-induced action potentials (n = 9). Likewise, the renal SNA response to CAP after intramuscular injection of insulin (n = 8) was significantly (P < 0.05) greater compared to vehicle (n = 9). The findings suggest that insulin potentiates TRPV1 responsiveness to CAP at the DRG and muscle tissue levels, possibly contributing to the augmentation in sympathoexcitation during activities such as physical exercise. KEY POINTS: Evidence suggests insulin centrally activates the sympathetic nervous system, and a chemical stimulus to tissues activates the sympathetic nervous system via thin fibre muscle afferents. Insulin is reported to modulate putative chemical-sensitive channels in the dorsal root ganglion neurons of these afferents. In the present study, it is demonstrated that insulin potentiates the responsiveness of thin fibre afferents to capsaicin at muscle tissue levels as well as at the level of dorsal root ganglion neurons. In addition, it is demonstrated that insulin augments the sympathetic nerve activity response to capsaicin in vivo. These data suggest that sympathoexcitation is peripherally mediated via insulin-induced chemical sensitization. The present study proposes a possible physiological role of insulin in the regulation of chemical sensitivity in somatosensory thin fibre muscle afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amane Hori
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-850, Japan;,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan
| | - Norio Hotta
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-850, Japan;,College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-850, Japan
| | - Ayumi Fukazawa
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Juan A. Estrada
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kimiaki Katanosaka
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-850, Japan;,College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-850, Japan
| | - Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Jun Sato
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-850, Japan;,College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-850, Japan
| | - Rie Ishizawa
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Han-Kyul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gary A. Iwamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wanpen Vongpatanasin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jere H. Mitchell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Scott A. Smith
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Masaki Mizuno
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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6
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Mizuno M, Hotta N, Ishizawa R, Kim HK, Iwamoto G, Vongpatanasin W, Mitchell JH, Smith SA. The Impact of Insulin Resistance on Cardiovascular Control During Exercise in Diabetes. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 49:157-167. [PMID: 33965976 PMCID: PMC8195845 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes display heightened blood pressure response to exercise, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. There is no direct evidence that insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia) impacts neural cardiovascular control during exercise. We propose a novel paradigm in which hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia significantly influences neural regulatory pathways controlling the circulation during exercise in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mizuno
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9174, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9174, USA
| | - Norio Hotta
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9174, USA
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-850, Japan
| | - Rie Ishizawa
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9174, USA
| | - Han-Kyul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9174, USA
| | - Gary Iwamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9174, USA
| | - Wanpen Vongpatanasin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9174, USA
| | - Jere H. Mitchell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9174, USA
| | - Scott A. Smith
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9174, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9174, USA
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7
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Grotle AK, Kaur J, Stone AJ, Fadel PJ. Neurovascular Dysregulation During Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:628840. [PMID: 33927637 PMCID: PMC8076798 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.628840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes (T2D) may impair the ability to properly adjust the circulation during exercise with augmented blood pressure (BP) and an attenuated contracting skeletal muscle blood flow (BF) response being reported. This review provides a brief overview of the current understanding of these altered exercise responses in T2D and the potential underlying mechanisms, with an emphasis on the sympathetic nervous system and its regulation during exercise. The research presented support augmented sympathetic activation, heightened BP, reduced skeletal muscle BF, and impairment in the ability to attenuate sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction (i.e., functional sympatholysis) as potential drivers of neurovascular dysregulation during exercise in T2D. Furthermore, emerging evidence supporting a contribution of the exercise pressor reflex and central command is discussed along with proposed future directions for studies in this important area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Grotle
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Jasdeep Kaur
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Audrey J Stone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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8
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Grotle AK, Huo Y, Harrison ML, Ybarbo KM, Stone AJ. GsMTx-4 normalizes the exercise pressor reflex evoked by intermittent muscle contraction in early stage type 1 diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1738-H1748. [PMID: 33635166 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00794.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the exercise pressor reflex is exaggerated in early stage type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Piezo channels may play a role in this exaggeration, as blocking these channels attenuates the exaggerated pressor response to tendon stretch in T1DM rats. However, tendon stretch constitutes a different mechanical and physiological stimuli than that occurring during muscle contraction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of Piezo channels in evoking the pressor reflex during an intermittent muscle contraction in T1DM. In unanesthetized decerebrate rats, we compared the pressor and cardioaccelerator responses to intermittent muscle contraction before and after locally injecting grammostola spatulata mechanotoxin 4 (GsMTx-4, 0.25 µM) into the hindlimb vasculature. Although GsMTx-4 has a high potency for Piezo channels, it has also been suggested to block transient receptor potential cation (TRPC) channels. We, therefore, performed additional experiments to control for this possibility by also injecting SKF 96365 (10 µM), a TRPC channel blocker. We found that local injection of GsMTx-4, but not SKF 96365, attenuated the exaggerated peak pressor (ΔMAP before: 33 ± 3 mmHg, after: 22 ± 3 mmHg, P = 0.007) and pressor index (ΔBPi before: 668 ± 91 mmHg·s, after: 418 ± 81 mmHg·s, P = 0.021) response in streptozotocin (STZ) rats (n = 8). GsMTx-4 attenuated the exaggerated early onset pressor and the pressor response over time, which eliminated peak differences as well as those over time between T1DM and healthy controls. These data suggest that Piezo channels are an effective target to normalize the exercise pressor reflex in T1DM.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to demonstrate that blocking Piezo channels is effective in ameliorating the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex evoked by intermittent muscle contraction, commonly occurring during physical activity, in T1DM. Thus, these findings suggest Piezo channels may serve as an effective therapeutic target to reduce the acute and prolonged cardiovascular strain that may occur during dynamic exercise in T1DM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autonomic Nervous System/drug effects
- Autonomic Nervous System/metabolism
- Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cardiovascular System/innervation
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Female
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology
- Ion Channels/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ion Channels/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Transport Modulators/pharmacology
- Muscle Contraction
- Muscle, Skeletal/innervation
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reflex, Abnormal/drug effects
- Spider Venoms/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Grotle
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Yu Huo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Michelle L Harrison
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Kai M Ybarbo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Audrey J Stone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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9
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Ishizawa R, Kim HK, Hotta N, Iwamoto GA, Mitchell JH, Smith SA, Vongpatanasin W, Mizuno M. TRPV1 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1) Sensitization of Skeletal Muscle Afferents in Type 2 Diabetic Rats With Hyperglycemia. Hypertension 2021; 77:1360-1371. [PMID: 33641357 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Ishizawa
- From the Departments of Applied Clinical Research (R.I., S.A.S., M.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Han-Kyul Kim
- Internal Medicine (H.-K.K., J.H.M., S.A.S., W.V., M.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Norio Hotta
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan (N.H.)
| | - Gary A Iwamoto
- Cell Biology (G.A.I.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Jere H Mitchell
- Internal Medicine (H.-K.K., J.H.M., S.A.S., W.V., M.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Scott A Smith
- From the Departments of Applied Clinical Research (R.I., S.A.S., M.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Internal Medicine (H.-K.K., J.H.M., S.A.S., W.V., M.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Wanpen Vongpatanasin
- Internal Medicine (H.-K.K., J.H.M., S.A.S., W.V., M.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Masaki Mizuno
- From the Departments of Applied Clinical Research (R.I., S.A.S., M.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Internal Medicine (H.-K.K., J.H.M., S.A.S., W.V., M.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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10
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Grotle AK, Huo Y, Harrison ML, Lee J, Ybarbo KM, Stone AJ. Effects of type 1 diabetes on reflexive cardiovascular responses to intermittent muscle contraction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R358-R365. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00109.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study to provide evidence that early-stage type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) leads to an exaggerated exercise pressor reflex evoked by intermittent muscle contraction, resulting in substantially higher cardiovascular strain. These findings are significant as they indicate that interventions targeting the exercise pressor reflex may work to alleviate the increased cardiovascular strain and overall burden during exercise in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Grotle
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas
| | - Yu Huo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas
| | - Michelle L. Harrison
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas
| | - Kai M. Ybarbo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas
| | - Audrey J. Stone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas
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11
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Grotle AK, Macefield VG, Farquhar WB, O'Leary DS, Stone AJ. Recent advances in exercise pressor reflex function in health and disease. Auton Neurosci 2020; 228:102698. [PMID: 32861944 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2020.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Autonomic alterations at the onset of exercise are critical to redistribute cardiac output towards the contracting muscles while preventing a fall in arterial pressure due to excessive vasodilation within the contracting muscles. Neural mechanisms responsible for these adjustments include central command, the exercise pressor reflex, and arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflexes. The exercise pressor reflex evokes reflex increases in sympathetic activity to the heart and systemic vessels and decreases in parasympathetic activity to the heart, which increases blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and total peripheral resistance through vasoconstriction of systemic vessels. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in our understanding of exercise pressor reflex function in health and disease. Specifically, we discuss emerging evidence suggesting that sympathetic vasoconstrictor drive to the contracting and non-contracting skeletal muscle is differentially controlled by central command and the metaboreflex in healthy conditions. Further, we discuss evidence from animal and human studies showing that cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure, lead to an altered exercise pressor reflex function. We also provide an update on the mechanisms thought to underlie this altered exercise pressor reflex function in each of these diseases. Although these mechanisms are complex, multifactorial, and dependent on the etiology of the disease, there is a clear consensus that several mechanisms are involved. Ultimately, approaches targeting these mechanisms are clinically significant as they provide alternative therapeutic strategies to prevent adverse cardiovascular events while also reducing symptoms of exercise intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Grotle
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | | | - William B Farquhar
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Donal S O'Leary
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Audrey J Stone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America.
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