1
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Lu Y, Li Y, Xie Y, Bu J, Yuan R, Zhang X. Exploring Sirtuins: New Frontiers in Managing Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7740. [PMID: 39062982 PMCID: PMC11277469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With increasing research, the sirtuin (SIRT) protein family has become increasingly understood. Studies have demonstrated that SIRTs can aid in metabolism and affect various physiological processes, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure (HF), hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and other related disorders. Although the pathogenesis of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has not yet been clarified, SIRTs have a role in its development. Therefore, SIRTs may offer a fresh approach to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of HFpEF as a novel therapeutic intervention target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.B.); (R.Y.)
| | - Yongnan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China;
| | - Yixin Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.B.); (R.Y.)
| | - Jiale Bu
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.B.); (R.Y.)
| | - Ruowen Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.B.); (R.Y.)
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.B.); (R.Y.)
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2
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Chang N, Li J, Lin S, Zhang J, Zeng W, Ma G, Wang Y. Emerging roles of SIRT1 activator, SRT2104, in disease treatment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5521. [PMID: 38448466 PMCID: PMC10917792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent class III deacetylase that plays important roles in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, positioning it as a prime candidate for therapeutic intervention. Among its modulators, SRT2104 emerges as the most specific small molecule activator of SIRT1, currently advancing into the clinical translation phase. The primary objective of this review is to evaluate the emerging roles of SRT2104, and to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent in various diseases. In the present review, we systematically summarized the findings from an extensive array of literature sources including the progress of its application in disease treatment and its potential molecular mechanisms by reviewing the literature published in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We focuses on the strides made in employing SRT2104 for disease treatment, elucidating its potential molecular underpinnings based on preclinical and clinical research data. The findings reveal that SRT2104, as a potent SIRT1 activator, holds considerable therapeutic potential, particularly in modulating metabolic and longevity-related pathways. This review establishes SRT2104 as a leading SIRT1 activator with significant therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chang
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Junyang Li
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Sufen Lin
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Weiqiang Zeng
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China.
| | - Guoda Ma
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China.
| | - Yajun Wang
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China.
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3
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Bursch KL, Goetz CJ, Smith BC. Current Trends in Sirtuin Activator and Inhibitor Development. Molecules 2024; 29:1185. [PMID: 38474697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacylases and key metabolic regulators, coupling the cellular energy state with selective lysine deacylation to regulate many downstream cellular processes. Humans encode seven sirtuin isoforms (Sirt1-7) with diverse subcellular localization and deacylase targets. Sirtuins are considered protective anti-aging proteins since increased sirtuin activity is canonically associated with lifespan extension and decreased activity with developing aging-related diseases. However, sirtuins can also assume detrimental cellular roles where increased activity contributes to pathophysiology. Modulation of sirtuin activity by activators and inhibitors thus holds substantial potential for defining the cellular roles of sirtuins in health and disease and developing therapeutics. Instead of being comprehensive, this review discusses the well-characterized sirtuin activators and inhibitors available to date, particularly those with demonstrated selectivity, potency, and cellular activity. This review also provides recommendations regarding the best-in-class sirtuin activators and inhibitors for practical research as sirtuin modulator discovery and refinement evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L Bursch
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Structural Genomics Unit, Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Christopher J Goetz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Structural Genomics Unit, Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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4
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Xu CQ, Li J, Liang ZQ, Zhong YL, Zhang ZH, Hu XQ, Cao YB, Chen J. Sirtuins in macrophage immune metabolism: A novel target for cardiovascular disorders. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128270. [PMID: 38000586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7), as a family of NAD+-dependent protein modifying enzymes, have various catalytic functions, such as deacetylases, dealkalylases, and deribonucleases. The Sirtuins family is directly or indirectly involved in pathophysiological processes such as glucolipid metabolism, oxidative stress, DNA repair and inflammatory response through various pathways and assumes an important role in several cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, hypertension and heart failure. A growing number of studies supports that metabolic and bioenergetic reprogramming directs the sequential process of inflammation. Failure of homeostatic restoration leads to many inflammatory diseases, and that macrophages are the central cells involving the inflammatory response and are the main source of inflammatory cytokines. Regulation of cellular metabolism has emerged as a fundamental process controlling macrophage function, but its exact signaling mechanisms remain to be revealed. Understanding the precise molecular basis of metabolic control of macrophage inflammatory processes may provide new approaches for targeting immune metabolism and inflammation. Here, we provide an update of studies in cardiovascular disease on the function and role of sirtuins in macrophage inflammation and metabolism, as well as drug candidates that may interfere with sirtuins, pointing to future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Qin Xu
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liang
- Department of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yi-Lang Zhong
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xue-Qing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - Yong-Bing Cao
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
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5
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Shen S, Shen M, Kuang L, Yang K, Wu S, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang Y. SIRT1/SREBPs-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107037. [PMID: 38070792 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuins, also called silent information regulator 2, are enzymes that rely on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to function as histone deacetylases. Further investigation is warranted to explore the advantageous impacts of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a constituent of the sirtuin group, on lipid metabolism, in addition to its well-researched involvement in extending lifespan. The regulation of gene expression has been extensively linked to SIRT1. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) is a substrate of SIRT1 that has attracted significant interest due to its role in multiple cellular processes including cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, and metabolic functions. Hence, the objective of this analysis was to investigate and elucidate the correlation between SIRT1 and SREBPs, as well as assess the contribution of SIRT1/SREBPs in mitigating lipid metabolism dysfunction. The objective of this research was to investigate whether SIRT1 and SREBPs could be utilized as viable targets for therapeutic intervention in managing complications associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Mingyang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Lirun Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Keyu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Shiran Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Xinde Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
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6
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Bhatt V, Tiwari AK. Sirtuins, a key regulator of ageing and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1167-1192. [PMID: 35549800 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2057849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent class ІΙΙ histone deacetylases enzymes (HDACs) present from lower to higher organisms such as bacteria (Sulfolobus solfataricus L. major), yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), humans (Homo sapiens sapiens), even in plants such as rice (Oryza sativa), thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), vine (Vitis vinifera L.) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Sirtuins play an important role in the regulation of various vital cellular functions during metabolism and ageing. It also plays a neuroprotective role by modulating several biological pathways such as apoptosis, DNA repair, protein aggregation, and inflammatory processes associated with ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have presented an updated Sirtuins and its role in ageing and age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Further, this review also describes the therapeutic potential of Sirtuins and the use of Sirtuins inhibitor/activator for altering the NDDs disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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7
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Zhang X, Zhao Q, Wang T, Long Q, Sun Y, Jiao L, Gullerova M. DNA damage response, a double-edged sword for vascular aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102137. [PMID: 38007046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Vascular aging is a major risk factor for age-related cardiovascular diseases, which have high rates of morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by changes in the blood vessels, such as macroscopically increased vascular diameter and intima-medial thickness, chronic inflammation, vascular calcification, arterial stiffening, and atherosclerosis. DNA damage and the subsequent various DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are important causative factors of vascular aging. Deficient DDR, which may result in the accumulation of unrepaired damaged DNA or mutations, can lead to vascular aging. On the other hand, over-activation of some DDR proteins, such as poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), also can enhance the process of vascular aging, suggesting that DDR can have both positive and negative effects on vascular aging. Despite the evidence reviewed in this paper, the role of DDR in vascular aging and potential therapeutic targets remain poorly understood and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- M.D. Program, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qilin Long
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Yixin Sun
- First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing 100053, China; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Monika Gullerova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.
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8
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Wang Y, Zhao R, Wu C, Liang X, He L, Wang L, Wang X. Activation of the sirtuin silent information regulator 1 pathway inhibits pathological myocardial remodeling. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1111320. [PMID: 36843938 PMCID: PMC9950519 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial remodeling refers to structural and functional disorders of the heart caused by molecular biological changes in the cardiac myocytes in response to neurological and humoral factors. A variety of heart diseases, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, and valvular heart disease, can cause myocardial remodeling and eventually lead to heart failure. Therefore, counteracting myocardial remodeling is essential for the prevention and treatment of heart failure. Sirt1 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+-dependent deacetylase that plays a wide range of roles in transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism regulation, cell survival, DNA repair, inflammation, and circadian regulation. It positively or negatively regulates myocardial remodeling by participating in oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and other processes. Taking into account the close relationship between myocardial remodeling and heart failure and the involvement of SIRT1 in the development of the former, the role of SIRT1 in the prevention of heart failure via inhibition of myocardial remodeling has received considerable attention. Recently, multiple studies have been conducted to provide a better understanding of how SIRT1 regulates these phenomena. This review presents the progress of research involving SIRT1 pathway involvement in the pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial remodeling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Rusheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chengyan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuefei Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,Department of Cardiology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China,*Correspondence: Libo Wang, ; Xuehui Wang,
| | - Xuehui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,*Correspondence: Libo Wang, ; Xuehui Wang,
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9
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Wu QJ, Zhang TN, Chen HH, Yu XF, Lv JL, Liu YY, Liu YS, Zheng G, Zhao JQ, Wei YF, Guo JY, Liu FH, Chang Q, Zhang YX, Liu CG, Zhao YH. The sirtuin family in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:402. [PMID: 36581622 PMCID: PMC9797940 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotine adenine dinucleotide(+)-dependent histone deacetylases regulating critical signaling pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are involved in numerous biological processes. Currently, seven mammalian homologs of yeast Sir2 named SIRT1 to SIRT7 have been identified. Increasing evidence has suggested the vital roles of seven members of the SIRT family in health and disease conditions. Notably, this protein family plays a variety of important roles in cellular biology such as inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, etc., thus, it is considered a potential therapeutic target for different kinds of pathologies including cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and other conditions. Moreover, identification of SIRT modulators and exploring the functions of these different modulators have prompted increased efforts to discover new small molecules, which can modify SIRT activity. Furthermore, several randomized controlled trials have indicated that different interventions might affect the expression of SIRT protein in human samples, and supplementation of SIRT modulators might have diverse impact on physiological function in different participants. In this review, we introduce the history and structure of the SIRT protein family, discuss the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of seven members of the SIRT protein family, elaborate on the regulatory roles of SIRTs in human disease, summarize SIRT inhibitors and activators, and review related clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jun Wu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Fei Yu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Le Lv
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Yang Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Shu Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Qi Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wei
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Yi Guo
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Chang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cai-Gang Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Cancer, Breast Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Epigenetic regulation of aging: implications for interventions of aging and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:374. [PMID: 36336680 PMCID: PMC9637765 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by the decline of organismal functions and a series of prominent hallmarks, including genetic and epigenetic alterations. These aging-associated epigenetic changes include DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation, and RNA modification, all of which participate in the regulation of the aging process, and hence contribute to aging-related diseases. Therefore, understanding the epigenetic mechanisms in aging will provide new avenues to develop strategies to delay aging. Indeed, aging interventions based on manipulating epigenetic mechanisms have led to the alleviation of aging or the extension of the lifespan in animal models. Small molecule-based therapies and reprogramming strategies that enable epigenetic rejuvenation have been developed for ameliorating or reversing aging-related conditions. In addition, adopting health-promoting activities, such as caloric restriction, exercise, and calibrating circadian rhythm, has been demonstrated to delay aging. Furthermore, various clinical trials for aging intervention are ongoing, providing more evidence of the safety and efficacy of these therapies. Here, we review recent work on the epigenetic regulation of aging and outline the advances in intervention strategies for aging and age-associated diseases. A better understanding of the critical roles of epigenetics in the aging process will lead to more clinical advances in the prevention of human aging and therapy of aging-related diseases.
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11
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Bononi G, Citi V, Lapillo M, Martelli A, Poli G, Tuccinardi T, Granchi C, Testai L, Calderone V, Minutolo F. Sirtuin 1-Activating Compounds: Discovery of a Class of Thiazole-Based Derivatives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196535. [PMID: 36235072 PMCID: PMC9570679 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase implicated in various biological and pathological processes, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, SIRT1-activating compounds have been demonstrated to exert cardioprotective effects. Therefore, this enzyme has become a feasible target to treat cardiovascular diseases, and many SIRT1 activators, of a natural or synthetic origin, have been identified. In the present work, we developed thiazole-based SIRT1 activators, which showed remarkably higher SIRT1 activation potencies compared with those of the reference compound resveratrol when tested in enzymatic assays. Thiazole 8, a representative compound of this series, was also subjected to further pharmacological investigations, where it was proven to reduce myocardial damage induced by an in vivo occlusion/reperfusion event, thus confirming its cardioprotective properties. In addition, the cardioprotective effect of compound 8 was significantly higher than that of resveratrol. Molecular modeling studies suggest the binding mode of these derivatives within SIRT1 in the presence of the p53-AMC peptide. These promising results could pave the way to further expand and optimize this chemical class of new and potent SIRT1 activators as potential cardioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Lapillo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (L.T.)
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (L.T.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacetylase and deacylase enzymes that control important cellular processes, including DNA damage repair, cellular metabolism, mitochondrial function and inflammation. Consequently, mammalian sirtuins are regarded as crucial regulators of cellular function and organism healthspan. Sirtuin activity and NAD+ levels decrease with age in many tissues, and reduced sirtuin expression is associated with several cardiovascular diseases. By contrast, increased sirtuin expression and activity slows disease progression and improves cardiovascular function in preclinical models and delays various features of cellular ageing. The potential cardiometabolic benefits of sirtuins have resulted in clinical trials with sirtuin-modulating agents; although expectations are high, these drugs have not yet been proven to improve healthspan. In this Review, we examine the role of sirtuins in atherosclerosis, summarize advances in the development of compounds that activate or inhibit sirtuin activity and critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of these agents.
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13
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Wang D, Hao X, Jia L, Jing Y, Jiang B, Xin S. Cellular senescence and abdominal aortic aneurysm: From pathogenesis to therapeutics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:999465. [PMID: 36187019 PMCID: PMC9515360 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.999465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As China’s population enters the aging stage, the threat of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) mainly in elderly patients is becoming more and more serious. It is of great clinical significance to study the pathogenesis of AAA and explore potential therapeutic targets. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the pathogenesis of AAA from the perspective of cellular senescence: on the basis of clear evidence of cellular senescence in aneurysm wall, we actively elucidate specific molecular and regulatory pathways, and to explore the targeted drugs related to senescence and senescent cells eliminate measures, eventually improve the health of patients with AAA and prolong the life of human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Longyuan Jia
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuchen Jing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Shijie Xin,
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14
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Chen Y, Hamidu S, Yang X, Yan Y, Wang Q, Li L, Oduro PK, Li Y. Dietary Supplements and Natural Products: An Update on Their Clinical Effectiveness and Molecular Mechanisms of Action During Accelerated Biological Aging. Front Genet 2022; 13:880421. [PMID: 35571015 PMCID: PMC9096086 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.880421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated biological aging, which involves the gradual decline of organ or tissue functions and the distortion of physiological processes, underlies several human diseases. Away from the earlier free radical concept, telomere attrition, cellular senescence, proteostasis loss, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, and epigenetic and genomic alterations have emerged as biological hallmarks of aging. Moreover, nutrient-sensing metabolic pathways are critical to an organism’s ability to sense and respond to nutrient levels. Pharmaceutical, genetic, and nutritional interventions reverting physiological declines by targeting nutrient-sensing metabolic pathways can promote healthy aging and increase lifespan. On this basis, biological aging hallmarks and nutrient-sensing dependent and independent pathways represent evolving drug targets for many age-linked diseases. Here, we discuss and update the scientific community on contemporary advances in how dietary supplements and natural products beneficially revert accelerated biological aging processes to retrograde human aging and age-dependent human diseases, both from the clinical and preclinical studies point-of-view. Overall, our review suggests that dietary/natural products increase healthspan—rather than lifespan—effectively minimizing the period of frailty at the end of life. However, real-world setting clinical trials and basic studies on dietary supplements and natural products are further required to decisively demonstrate whether dietary/natural products could promote human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sherif Hamidu
- Clinical Pathology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Xintong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Patrick Kwabena Oduro
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Clinical Pathology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Yuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Modern Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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15
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Pei J, Liu Z, Wang C, Chu N, Liu L, Tang Y, Liu H, Xiang Q, Cheng H, Li M, Gu W. Progesterone Attenuates SIRT1-Deficiency-Mediated Pre-Eclampsia. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030422. [PMID: 35327614 PMCID: PMC8946184 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a severe hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP), mainly characterized by new-onset hypertension with proteinuria after 20-week gestation. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase, is associated with the regulation of various pathophysiological processes, including inflammation, immune response, metabolism, and autophagy. However, the effect of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that the expression of SIRT1 was relatively lower in the placentas and serum samples of pre-eclampsia patients. Typical pre-eclampsia-like symptoms, such as hypertension, proteinuria, fetal growth restriction, kidney injury, and a narrow placental labyrinth layer, were observed in SIRT1 knockdown (SIRT1+/−) mice. Of note, these performances could be improved after the intraperitoneal injection of SIRT1 agonist SRT2104. More importantly, we found that the efficacy of progesterone on attenuating symptoms of PE was profoundly better than that of metformin in SIRT1+/− mice. In addition, our results suggested that progesterone can promote the invasion and inhibit the apoptosis of trophoblasts. These data suggest that SIRT1 plays an important role in pre-eclampsia and that progesterone alleviates pre-eclampsia-like symptoms mediated by SIRT1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Pei
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (J.P.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (N.C.); (L.L.); (Y.T.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (J.P.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (N.C.); (L.L.); (Y.T.); (H.L.)
| | - Chengjie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (J.P.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (N.C.); (L.L.); (Y.T.); (H.L.)
| | - Nan Chu
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (J.P.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (N.C.); (L.L.); (Y.T.); (H.L.)
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (J.P.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (N.C.); (L.L.); (Y.T.); (H.L.)
| | - Yao Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (J.P.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (N.C.); (L.L.); (Y.T.); (H.L.)
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (J.P.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (N.C.); (L.L.); (Y.T.); (H.L.)
| | - Qianqian Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Haidong Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (J.P.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (N.C.); (L.L.); (Y.T.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (M.L.); (W.G.)
| | - Mingqing Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (J.P.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (N.C.); (L.L.); (Y.T.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (M.L.); (W.G.)
| | - Weirong Gu
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (J.P.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (N.C.); (L.L.); (Y.T.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (M.L.); (W.G.)
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16
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Miyaji N, Nishida K, Tanaka T, Araki D, Kanzaki N, Hoshino Y, Kuroda R, Matsushita T. Inhibition of Knee Osteoarthritis Progression in Mice by Administering SRT2014, an Activator of Silent Information Regulator 2 Ortholog 1. Cartilage 2021; 13:1356S-1366S. [PMID: 31989845 PMCID: PMC8804762 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519900795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous findings suggest that silent information regulator 2 ortholog 1 (SIRT1) plays essential roles in chondrocytes and prevents osteoarthritis (OA) development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intra-articular (i.a.) administration of the SIRT1 activator SRT2104, which has been approved for use in humans. DESIGN OA was induced by destabilizing the medial meniscus in the knee joint of 12-week-old CL57BL/6J mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups, that is, the control group, SRT2104 i.p.-injection group, and SRT2104 i.a.-injection group. Tissues were harvested at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks postsurgery. OA progression was evaluated using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score. The production of OA-related proteins in cartilage and synovium was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS OARSI scores in the control group were significantly higher at 8 and 12 weeks compared with other 2 groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Sirt1 and type-2 collagen significantly increased, whereas MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, IL-1β, IL-6, cleaved caspase 3, PARP p85, acetylated NF-κB p65, and iNOS decreased significantly in cartilage tissues from the i.p. and i.a, SRT2104 groups. In the synovium, more iNOS-positive M1-like macrophages were observed in the control group than in the i.p. and i.a, SRT2104 groups, whereas more CD206-positive M2-like macrophages were detected in the i.p. and i.a. SRT2104 groups. CONCLUSIONS Both i.p. and i.a. SRT2104 injection reduced OA progression in the mouse OA model, suggesting that SRT2104 can serve as a new treatment for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Miyaji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kyohei Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Tanaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Araki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kanzaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hoshino
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan,Takehiko Matsushita, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1
Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
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17
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Curry AM, White DS, Donu D, Cen Y. Human Sirtuin Regulators: The "Success" Stories. Front Physiol 2021; 12:752117. [PMID: 34744791 PMCID: PMC8568457 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human sirtuins are a group of NAD+-dependent protein deacylases. They “erase” acyl modifications from lysine residues in various cellular targets including histones, transcription factors, and metabolic enzymes. Through these far-reaching activities, sirtuins regulate a diverse array of biological processes ranging from gene transcription to energy metabolism. Human sirtuins have been intensely pursued by both academia and industry as therapeutic targets for a broad spectrum of diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. The last two decades have witnessed a flood of small molecule sirtuin regulators. However, there remain relatively few compounds targeting human sirtuins in clinical development. This reflects the inherent issues concerning the development of isoform-selective and potent molecules with good drug-like properties. In this article, small molecule sirtuin regulators that have advanced into clinical trials will be discussed in details as “successful” examples for future drug development. Special attention is given to the discovery of these compounds, the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics analysis, formulation, as well as the clinical outcomes observed in the trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson M Curry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Dawanna S White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Dickson Donu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Yana Cen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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18
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Wang YJ, Paneni F, Stein S, Matter CM. Modulating Sirtuin Biology and Nicotinamide Adenine Diphosphate Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease-From Bench to Bedside. Front Physiol 2021; 12:755060. [PMID: 34712151 PMCID: PMC8546231 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.755060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1–7) comprise a family of highly conserved deacetylases with distribution in different subcellular compartments. Sirtuins deacetylate target proteins depending on one common substrate, nicotinamide adenine diphosphate (NAD+), thus linking their activities to the status of cellular energy metabolism. Sirtuins had been linked to extending life span and confer beneficial effects in a wide array of immune-metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 have been shown to provide protective effects in various cardiovascular disease models, by decreasing inflammation, improving metabolic profiles or scavenging oxidative stress. Sirtuins may be activated collectively by increasing their co-substrate NAD+. By supplementing NAD+ precursors, NAD+ boosters confer pan-sirtuin activation with protective cardiometabolic effects in the experimental setting: they improve endothelial dysfunction, protect from experimental heart failure, hypertension and decrease progression of liver steatosis. Different precursor molecules were applied ranging from nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to nicotinamide riboside (NR). Notably, not all experimental results showed protective effects. Moreover, the results are not as striking in clinical studies as in the controlled experimental setting. Species differences, (lack of) genetic heterogeneity, different metabolic pathways, dosing, administration routes and disease contexts may account for these challenges in clinical translation. At the clinical scale, caloric restriction can reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease and raise NAD+ concentration and sirtuin expression. In addition, antidiabetic drugs such as metformin or SGLT2 inhibitors may confer cardiovascular protection, indirectly via sirtuin activation. Overall, additional mechanistic insight and clinical studies are needed to better understand the beneficial effects of sirtuin activation and NAD+ boosters from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Wang
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Perez DM. The promise and problems of metabolic-based therapies for heart failure. Interv Cardiol 2021; 13:415-424. [PMID: 34970333 PMCID: PMC8715677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite standard therapies, heart failure patients have high rates of morbidity highlighting the need to develop alternative therapeutic approaches. Heart failure has been described as an energy-starved condition that is hypothesized to drive the pathological remodeling of the heart. Numerous studies have described the metabolic defects that occur when the heart fails and adaptive changes that take place to maintain the energy needed for the heart to function properly. In this review we will summarize the metabolic requirements of a normal heart and what happens during failure. We will also summarize the various metabolic therapeutic strategies that have been developed over the years to treat heart failure and their results from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M. Perez
- Author for correspondence: Dianne M. Perez, The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA,
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20
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Abstract
Sirtuin1 is a nutrient-sensitive class III histone deacetylase which is a well-known regulator of organismal lifespan. It has been extensively studied for its role in metabolic regulation as well. Along with its involvement in ageing and metabolism, Sirtuin1 directly deacetylates many critical proteins controlling cardiovascular pathophysiology. Studies using conditional expression and deletion of Sirtuin1 have revealed that it functions in a highly tissue/organ-specific manner. In the vasculature, Sirtuin1 controls endothelial homoeostasis by governing the expression of inflammatory mediators, oxidants and essential transcription factors. Adding to this complexity, Sirtuin1 expression and/or function is also governed by some of these target proteins. Therefore, the importance of better understanding the organ and tissue specificity of Sirtuin1 is highly desirable. Considering the huge volume of research done in this field, this review focuses on Sirtuin1 targets regulating vascular endothelial function. Here, we summarize the discovery of Sirtuin1 as a transcription controller and the further identification of direct target proteins involved in the vascular physiology. Overall, this review presents a holistic picture of the complex cross-talk involved in the molecular regulation of vascular physiology by Sirtuin1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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21
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Masi S, Ambrosini S, Mohammed SA, Sciarretta S, Lüscher TF, Paneni F, Costantino S. Epigenetic Remodeling in Obesity-Related Vascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1165-1199. [PMID: 32808539 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The prevalence of obesity and cardiometabolic phenotypes is alarmingly increasing across the globe and is associated with atherosclerotic vascular complications and high mortality. In spite of multifactorial interventions, vascular residual risk remains high in this patient population, suggesting the need for breakthrough therapies. The mechanisms underpinning obesity-related vascular disease remain elusive and represent an intense area of investigation. Recent Advances: Epigenetic modifications-defined as environmentally induced chemical changes of DNA and histones that do not affect DNA sequence-are emerging as a potent modulator of gene transcription in the vasculature and might significantly contribute to the development of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction. DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications cooperate to build complex epigenetic signals, altering transcriptional networks that are implicated in redox homeostasis, mitochondrial function, vascular inflammation, and perivascular fat homeostasis in patients with cardiometabolic disturbances. Critical Issues: Deciphering the epigenetic landscape in the vasculature is extremely challenging due to the complexity of epigenetic signals and their function in regulating transcription. An overview of the most important epigenetic pathways is required to identify potential molecular targets to treat or prevent obesity-related endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic disease. This would enable the employment of precision medicine approaches in this setting. Future Directions: Current and future research efforts in this field entail a better definition of the vascular epigenome in obese patients as well as the unveiling of novel, cell-specific chromatin-modifying drugs that are able to erase specific epigenetic signals that are responsible for maladaptive transcriptional alterations and vascular dysfunction in obese patients. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1165-1199.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Heart Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Trust, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Fledderus J, Vanchin B, Rots MG, Krenning G. The Endothelium as a Target for Anti-Atherogenic Therapy: A Focus on the Epigenetic Enzymes EZH2 and SIRT1. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020103. [PMID: 33562658 PMCID: PMC7915331 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell inflammatory activation and dysfunction are key events in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, and are associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. Yet, therapies specifically targeting the endothelium and atherosclerosis are lacking. Here, we review how endothelial behaviour affects atherogenesis and pose that the endothelium may be an efficacious cellular target for antiatherogenic therapies. We discuss the contribution of endothelial inflammatory activation and dysfunction to atherogenesis and postulate that the dysregulation of specific epigenetic enzymes, EZH2 and SIRT1, aggravate endothelial dysfunction in a pleiotropic fashion. Moreover, we propose that commercially available drugs are available to clinically explore this postulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Fledderus
- Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.F.); (B.V.)
| | - Byambasuren Vanchin
- Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.F.); (B.V.)
- Department Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Jamyan St 3, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Marianne G. Rots
- Epigenetic Editing, Medical Biology Section, Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Guido Krenning
- Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.F.); (B.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-50-361-8043; Fax: +31-50-361-9911
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Li Q, Cheng JC, Jiang Q, Lee WY. Role of sirtuins in bone biology: Potential implications for novel therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13301. [PMID: 33393735 PMCID: PMC7884050 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The decline in bone mass and bone strength and musculoskeletal problems associated with aging constitute a major challenge for affected individuals and the healthcare system globally. Sirtuins 1-7 (SIRT1-SIRT7) are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylases with remarkable abilities to promote longevity and counteract age-related diseases. Sirtuin knockout and transgenic models have provided novel insights into the function and signaling of these proteins in bone homeostasis. Studies have revealed that sirtuins play a critical role in normal skeletal development and homeostasis through their direct action on bone cells and that their dysregulation might contribute to different bone diseases. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that mice treated with sirtuin agonists show protection against age-related, postmenopausal, and immobilization-induced osteoporosis. These findings suggest that sirtuins could be potential targets for the modulation of the imbalance in bone remodeling and treatment of osteoporosis and other bone disorders. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive updated review of the current knowledge on sirtuin biology, focusing specifically on their roles in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis, and potential pharmacological interventions targeting sirtuins for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Li
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing UniversityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Jack Chun‐yiu Cheng
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing UniversityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive SurgeryDrum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wayne Yuk‐wai Lee
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing UniversityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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Hypothalamic Actions of SIRT1 and SIRT6 on Energy Balance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031430. [PMID: 33572672 PMCID: PMC7866978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+ dependent deacetylases that regulate a large number of physiological processes. These enzymes are highly conserved and act as energy sensors to coordinate different metabolic responses in a controlled manner. At present, seven mammalian sirtuins (SIRT 1-7) have been identified, with SIRT1 and SIRT6 shown to exert their metabolic actions in the hypothalamus, both with crucial roles in eliciting responses to dampen metabolic complications associated with obesity. Therefore, our aim is to compile the current understanding on the role of SIRT1 and SIRT6 in the hypothalamus, especially highlighting their actions on the control of energy balance.
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25
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Li X, Feng Y, Wang XX, Truong D, Wu YC. The Critical Role of SIRT1 in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanism and Therapeutic Considerations. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1608-1622. [PMID: 33269110 PMCID: PMC7673849 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silence information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a member of the sirtuin family, targets histones and many non-histone proteins and participates in various physiological functions. The enzymatic activity of SIRT1 is decreased in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), which may reduce their ability to resist neuronal damage caused by various neurotoxins. As far as we know, SIRT1 can induce autophagy by regulating autophagy related proteins such as AMP-activated protein kinase, light chain 3, mammalian target of rapamycin, and forkhead transcription factor 1. Furthermore, SIRT1 can regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress mainly by maintaining peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in a deacetylated state and thus maintaining a constant level of PGC-1α. Other studies have demonstrated that SIRT1 may play a role in the pathophysiology of PD by regulating neuroinflammation. SIRT1 deacetylases nuclear factor-kappa B and thus reduces its transcriptional activity, inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and decreases tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels. SIRT1 can also upregulate heat shock protein 70 by deacetylating heat shock factor 1 to increase the degradation of α-synuclein oligomers. Few studies have focused on the relationship between SIRT1 single nucleotide polymorphisms and PD risk, so this topic requires further research. Based on the neuroprotective effects of SIRT1 on PD, many in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that some SIRT1 activators, notably resveratrol, have potential neuroprotective effects against dopaminergic neuronal damage caused by various neurotoxins. Thus, SIRT1 plays a critical role in PD development and might be a potential target for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ya Feng
- 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xi-Xi Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Daniel Truong
- 2The Truong Neurosciences Institute, Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA, USA.,3Department of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yun-Cheng Wu
- 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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26
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Aβ-Induced Damage Memory in hCMEC/D3 Cells Mediated by Sirtuin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218226. [PMID: 33153131 PMCID: PMC7662699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted by the scientific community that the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) may be involved in endothelial dysfunction during Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression; however, anti-Aβ anti-bodies, which remove Aβ plaques, do not improve cerebrovascular function in AD animal models. The reasons for these paradoxical results require investigation. We hypothesized that Aβ exposure may cause persistent damage to cerebral endothelial cells even after Aβ is removed (referred to as cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory exists in endothelial cells. hCMEC/D3 cells were treated with Aβ1–42 for 12 h and then Aβ1–42 was withdrawn for another 12 h incubation to investigate whether cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory exists in endothelial cells. A mechanism-based kinetics progression model was developed to investigate the dynamic characters of the cerebrovascular endothelial damage. After Aβ1–42 was removed, the sirt-1 levels returned to normal but the cell vitality did not improve, which suggests that cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory may exist in endothelial cells. Sirt-1 activator SRT2104 and NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) supplement may dose-dependently relieve the cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory. sirt-1 inhibitor EX527 may exacerbate the cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory. Kinetics analysis suggested that sirt-1 is involved in initiating the cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory; otherwise, NAD+ exhaustion plays a vital role in maintaining the cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory. This study provides a novel feature of cerebrovascular endothelial damage induced by Aβ.
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Wang F, Chen HZ. Histone Deacetylase SIRT1, Smooth Muscle Cell Function, and Vascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:537519. [PMID: 33117155 PMCID: PMC7573826 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.537519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), located in the media of artery, play key roles in maintaining the normal vascular physiological functions. Abnormality in VSMCs is implicated in vascular diseases (VDs), including atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), aortic dissection, and hypertension by regulating the process of inflammation, phenotypic switching, and extracellular matrix degradation. Sirtuins (SIRTs), a family of proteins containing seven members (from SIRT1 to SIRT7) in mammals, function as NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases. In recent decades, great attention has been paid to the cardiovascular protective effects of SIRTs, especially SIRT1, suggesting a new therapeutic target for the treatment of VDs. In this review, we introduce the basic functions of SIRT1 against VSMC senescence, and summarize the contribution of SIRT1 derived from VSMCs in VDs. Finally, the potential new strategies based on SIRT1 activation have also been discussed with an emphasis on SIRT1 activators and calorie restriction to improve the prognosis of VDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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28
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Yang C, Zhang W, Dong X, Fu C, Yuan J, Xu M, Liang Z, Qiu C, Xu C. A natural product solution to aging and aging-associated diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107673. [PMID: 32926934 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological progress accompanied by the gradual decline in physiological functions, manifested by its close association with an increased incidence of human diseases and higher vulnerability to death. Those diseases include neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, many of which are currently without effective cures. Even though aging is inevitable, there are still interventions that can be developed to prevent/delay the onset and progression of those aging-associated diseases and extend healthspan and/or lifespan. Here, we review decades of research that reveals the molecular pathways underlying aging and forms the biochemical basis for anti-aging drug development. Importantly, due to the vast chemical space of natural products and the rich history of herb medicines in treating human diseases documented in different cultures, natural products have played essential roles in aging research. Using several of the most promising natural products and their derivatives as examples, we discuss how natural products serve as an inspiration resource that helped the identification of key components/pathways underlying aging, their mechanisms of action inside the cell, and the functional scaffolds or targeting mechanisms that can be learned from natural products for drug engineering and optimization. We argue that natural products might eventually provide a solution to aging and aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoduo Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunjin Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jimin Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Menglong Xu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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29
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Budbazar E, Rodriguez F, Sanchez JM, Seta F. The Role of Sirtuin-1 in the Vasculature: Focus on Aortic Aneurysm. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1047. [PMID: 32982786 PMCID: PMC7477329 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-1 (SirT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase and the best characterized member of the sirtuins family in mammalians. Sirtuin-1 shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, where it deacetylates histones and non-histone proteins involved in a plethora of cellular processes, including survival, growth, metabolism, senescence, and stress resistance. In this brief review, we summarize the current knowledge on the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-senescence effects of SirT1 with an emphasis on vascular diseases. Specifically, we describe recent research advances on SirT1-mediated molecular mechanisms in aortic aneurysm (AA), and how these processes relate to oxidant stress and the heme-oxygenase (HO) system. HO-1 and HO-2 catalyze the rate-limiting step of cellular heme degradation and, similar to SirT1, HO-1 exerts beneficial effects in the vasculature through the activation of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative signaling pathways. SirT1 and HO-1 are part of an integrated system for cellular stress tolerance, and may positively interact to regulate vascular function. We further discuss sex differences in HO-1 and SirT1 activity or expression, and the potential interactions between the two proteins, in relation to the progression and severity of AA, as well as the ongoing efforts for translational applications of SirT1 activation and HO-1 induction in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases including AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhjargal Budbazar
- Vascular Biology Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francisca Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute in Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Sanchez
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute in Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Francesca Seta
- Vascular Biology Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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30
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Sirt1-PPARS Cross-Talk in Complex Metabolic Diseases and Inherited Disorders of the One Carbon Metabolism. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081882. [PMID: 32796716 PMCID: PMC7465293 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) has a NAD (+) binding domain and modulates the acetylation status of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) and Fork Head Box O1 transcription factor (Foxo1) according to the nutritional status. Sirt1 is decreased in obese patients and increased in weight loss. Its decreased expression explains part of the pathomechanisms of the metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DT2), cardiovascular diseases and nonalcoholic liver disease. Sirt1 plays an important role in the differentiation of adipocytes and in insulin signaling regulated by Foxo1 and phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Its overexpression attenuates inflammation and macrophage infiltration induced by a high fat diet. Its decreased expression plays a prominent role in the heart, liver and brain of rat as manifestations of fetal programming produced by deficit in vitamin B12 and folate during pregnancy and lactation through imbalanced methylation/acetylation of PGC1α and altered expression and methylation of nuclear receptors. The decreased expression of Sirt1 produced by impaired cellular availability of vitamin B12 results from endoplasmic reticulum stress through subcellular mislocalization of ELAVL1/HuR protein that shuttles Sirt1 mRNA between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Preclinical and clinical studies of Sirt1 agonists have produced contrasted results in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. A preclinical study has produced promising results in the treatment of inherited disorders of vitamin B12 metabolism.
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31
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Ness KK, Wogksch MD. Frailty and aging in cancer survivors. Transl Res 2020; 221:65-82. [PMID: 32360946 PMCID: PMC7321876 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are over 15 million survivors of cancer in the United States whose rates of frailty, an aging phenotype, range from just under 10% to over 80%. Frailty impacts not only disease survival but also long-term function and quality of life in children, adolescents, and in all adults diagnosed and/or treated for cancer. This review explains frailty as a construct and model of physiologic well-being. It also describes how frailty at diagnosis impacts cancer outcomes in adult populations and enumerates the prevalence of frailty in different populations of cancer survivors. Biological mechanisms responsible for aging and potentially for frailty among individuals with or who have been treated for cancer are discussed. Finally, promising pharmaceutical and lifestyle interventions designed to impact aging rather than a specific disease, tested in other populations, but likely applicable in cancer patients and survivors, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Matthew D Wogksch
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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32
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de Gregorio E, Colell A, Morales A, Marí M. Relevance of SIRT1-NF-κB Axis as Therapeutic Target to Ameliorate Inflammation in Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3858. [PMID: 32485811 PMCID: PMC7312021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an adaptive response in pursuit of homeostasis reestablishment triggered by harmful conditions or stimuli, such as an infection or tissue damage. Liver diseases cause approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide and hepatic inflammation is a common factor to all of them, being the main driver of hepatic tissue damage and causing progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The metabolic sensor SIRT1, a class III histone deacetylase with strong expression in metabolic tissues such as the liver, and transcription factor NF-κB, a master regulator of inflammatory response, show an antagonistic relationship in controlling inflammation. For this reason, SIRT1 targeting is emerging as a potential strategy to improve different metabolic and/or inflammatory pathologies. In this review, we explore diverse upstream regulators and some natural/synthetic activators of SIRT1 as possible therapeutic treatment for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía de Gregorio
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Anna Colell
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Albert Morales
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Marí
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
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33
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Kuryłowicz A, Cąkała-Jakimowicz M, Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M. Targeting Abdominal Obesity and Its Complications with Dietary Phytoestrogens. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020582. [PMID: 32102233 PMCID: PMC7071386 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the assessment of the health risk of an obese individual, both the amount of adipose tissue and its distribution and metabolic activity are essential. In adults, the distribution of adipose tissue differs in a gender-dependent manner and is regulated by sex steroids, especially estrogens. Estrogens affect adipocyte differentiation but are also involved in the regulation of the lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory activity of the adipose tissue. Their deficiency results in unfavorable changes in body composition and increases the risk of metabolic complications, which can be partially reversed by hormone replacement therapy. Therefore, the idea of the supplementation of estrogen-like compounds to counteract obesity and related complications is compelling. Phytoestrogens are natural plant-derived dietary compounds that resemble human estrogens in their chemical structure and biological activity. Supplementation with phytoestrogens may confer a range of beneficial effects. However, results of studies on the influence of phytoestrogens on body composition and prevalence of obesity are inconsistent. In this review, we present data from in vitro, animal, and human studies regarding the role of phytoestrogens in adipose tissue development and function in the context of their potential application in the prevention of visceral obesity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48226086591; Fax: +48226086410
| | - Marta Cąkała-Jakimowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 61/63 Kleczewska Street, 01-826, Warsaw, Poland
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34
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Arsiwala T, Pahla J, van Tits LJ, Bisceglie L, Gaul DS, Costantino S, Miranda MX, Nussbaum K, Stivala S, Blyszczuk P, Weber J, Tailleux A, Stein S, Paneni F, Beer JH, Greter M, Becher B, Mostoslavsky R, Eriksson U, Staels B, Auwerx J, Hottiger MO, Lüscher TF, Matter CM. Sirt6 deletion in bone marrow-derived cells increases atherosclerosis - Central role of macrophage scavenger receptor 1. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 139:24-32. [PMID: 31972266 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase that plays a key role in DNA repair, inflammation and lipid regulation. Sirt6-null mice show severe metabolic defects and accelerated aging. Macrophage-foam cell formation via scavenger receptors is a key step in atherogenesis. We determined the effects of bone marrow-restricted Sirt6 deletion on foam cell formation and atherogenesis using a mouse model. METHODS AND RESULTS Sirt6 deletion in bone marrow-derived cells increased aortic plaques, lipid content and macrophage numbers in recipient Apoe-/- mice fed a high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks (n = 12-14, p < .001). In RAW macrophages, Sirt6 overexpression reduced oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) uptake, Sirt6 knockdown enhanced it and increased mRNA and protein levels of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (Msr1), whereas levels of other oxLDL uptake and efflux transporters remained unchanged. Similarly, in human primary macrophages, Sirt6 knockdown increased MSR1 protein levels and oxLDL uptake. Double knockdown of Sirt6 and Msr1 abolished the increase in oxLDL uptake observed upon Sirt6 single knockdown. FACS analyses of macrophages from aortic plaques of Sirt6-deficient bone marrow-transplanted mice showed increased MSR1 protein expression. Double knockdown of Sirt6 and the transcription factor c-Myc in RAW cells abolished the increase in Msr1 mRNA and protein levels; c-Myc overexpression increased Msr1 mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Loss of Sirt6 in bone marrow-derived cells is proatherogenic; hereby macrophages play an important role given a c-Myc-dependent increase in MSR1 protein expression and an enhanced oxLDL uptake in human and murine macrophages. These findings assign endogenous SIRT6 in macrophages an important atheroprotective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Arsiwala
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Pahla
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lambertus J van Tits
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lavinia Bisceglie
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Gaul
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melroy X Miranda
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Nussbaum
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simona Stivala
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Internal Medicine Cantonal Hospital Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Przemyslaw Blyszczuk
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Weber
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Tailleux
- Univ. Lille - EGID; Inserm UMR1011; CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg H Beer
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Internal Medicine Cantonal Hospital Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille - EGID; Inserm UMR1011; CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative & Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
The sirtuin family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacylases (SIRT1-7) are thought to be responsible, in large part, for the cardiometabolic benefits of lean diets and exercise and when upregulated can delay key aspects of aging. SIRT1, for example, protects against a decline in vascular endothelial function, metabolic syndrome, ischemia-reperfusion injury, obesity, and cardiomyopathy, and SIRT3 is protective against dyslipidemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury. With increasing age, however, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and sirtuin activity steadily decrease, and the decline is further exacerbated by obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Activation of sirtuins or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide repletion induces angiogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and other health benefits in a wide range of age-related cardiovascular and metabolic disease models. Human clinical trials testing agents that activate SIRT1 or boost nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels are in progress and show promise in their ability to improve the health of cardiovascular and metabolic disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Kane
- From the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.E.K., D.A.S.)
| | - David A Sinclair
- From the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.E.K., D.A.S.).,Department of Pharmacology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (D.A.S.)
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Qian M, Liu B. Pharmaceutical Intervention of Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1086:235-254. [PMID: 30232763 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1117-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aging population represents a significant worldwide socioeconomic challenge. Aging is an inevitable and multifactorial biological process and primary risk factor for most age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacological interventions targeting aging appear to be a more effective approach in preventing age-related disorders compared with the treatments targeted to specific disease. In this chapter, we focus on the latest findings on molecular compounds that mimic caloric restriction (CR), supplement nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, and eliminate senescent cells, including metformin, resveratrol, spermidine, rapamycin, NAD+ boosters, as well as senolytics. All these interventions modulate the determinants and pathways responsible for aging/longevity, such as the kinase target of rapamycin (TOR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuins, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) signaling (Fig. 15.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxian Qian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Medical Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Medical Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.
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Xu S, Kamato D, Little PJ, Nakagawa S, Pelisek J, Jin ZG. Targeting epigenetics and non-coding RNAs in atherosclerosis: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 196:15-43. [PMID: 30439455 PMCID: PMC6450782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the principal cause of cardiovascular death worldwide, is a pathological disease characterized by fibro-proliferation, chronic inflammation, lipid accumulation, and immune disorder in the vessel wall. As the atheromatous plaques develop into advanced stage, the vulnerable plaques are prone to rupture, which causes acute cardiovascular events, including ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Emerging evidence has suggested that atherosclerosis is also an epigenetic disease with the interplay of multiple epigenetic mechanisms. The epigenetic basis of atherosclerosis has transformed our knowledge of epigenetics from an important biological phenomenon to a burgeoning field in cardiovascular research. Here, we provide a systematic and up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of three distinct but interrelated epigenetic processes (including DNA methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, and non-coding RNAs), in atherosclerotic plaque development and instability. Mechanistic and conceptual advances in understanding the biological roles of various epigenetic modifiers in regulating gene expression and functions of endothelial cells (vascular homeostasis, leukocyte adhesion, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and mechanotransduction), smooth muscle cells (proliferation, migration, inflammation, hypertrophy, and phenotypic switch), and macrophages (differentiation, inflammation, foam cell formation, and polarization) are discussed. The inherently dynamic nature and reversibility of epigenetic regulation, enables the possibility of epigenetic therapy by targeting epigenetic "writers", "readers", and "erasers". Several Food Drug Administration-approved small-molecule epigenetic drugs show promise in pre-clinical studies for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic implications and challenges for future research involving cardiovascular epigenetics, with an aim to provide a translational perspective for identifying novel biomarkers of atherosclerosis, and transforming precision cardiovascular research and disease therapy in modern era of epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
| | - Zheng Gen Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Zainabadi K. Drugs targeting SIRT1, a new generation of therapeutics for osteoporosis and other bone related disorders? Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:97-105. [PMID: 30862606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With an aging population and limited treatment options, osteoporosis currently represents a significant public health challenge. Recent animal studies indicate that longevity-associated SIRT1 may serve as an attractive pharmacological target for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone related disorders. Pre-clinical studies demonstrate that mice treated with SIRT1 agonists show protection against age-related, post-menopausal, and disuse models of osteoporosis. Conversely, SIRT1 knockout models display low bone mass phenotypes associated with increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. This review summarizes recent animal and human experimental data showing that pharmacological activation of SIRT1 may act in a manner that current treatments do not, namely by treating the imbalance in bone remodeling that is the root cause of osteoporosis and other bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Zainabadi
- Glenn Center for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Jiao D, Zhang H, Jiang Z, Huang W, Liu Z, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wu H. MicroRNA-34a targets sirtuin 1 and leads to diabetes-induced testicular apoptotic cell death. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:939-949. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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40
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Feng T, Liu P, Wang X, Luo J, Zuo X, Jiang X, Liu C, Li Y, Li N, Chen M, Zhu N, Han X, Liu C, Xu Y, Si S. SIRT1 activator E1231 protects from experimental atherosclerosis and lowers plasma cholesterol and triglycerides by enhancing ABCA1 expression. Atherosclerosis 2018; 274:172-181. [PMID: 29787963 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent protein deacetylase. Recent studies have demonstrated that enhancing SIRT1 expression or activity may modulate cholesterol and lipid metabolism. However, pharmacological and molecular regulators for SIRT1 are scarce. Here, we aimed to find novel small molecule modulators of SIRT1 to regulate cholesterol and lipid metabolism. METHODS A high-throughput screening assay was established to identify SIRT1 activators. Surface plasmon resonance and immunoprecipitation were performed to confirm the interaction of E1231 with SIRT1. Cholesterol assay was performed to demonstrate the in vitro effect of E1231. The in vivo effect of E1231 was evaluated in experimental models. RESULTS E1231, a piperazine 1,4-diamide compound, was identified as a SIRT1 activator with EC50 value of 0.83 μM. E1231 interacted with recombinant human SIRT1 protein and deacetylated liver X receptor-alpha (LXRα). E1231 increased ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression in RAW 264.7 cells dependent on SIRT1 and LXRα. E1231 promoted cholesterol efflux and inhibited lipid accumulation in RAW 264.7 cells via SIRT1 and ABCA1. In the golden hamster hyperlipidemia model, E1231 treatment decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both serum and the liver, while increased cholesterol content in feces. Moreover, E1231 increased ABCA1 and SIRT1 protein expression in the liver. In ApoE-/- mice, E1231 treatment reduced atherosclerotic plaque development compared with untreated ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel SIRT1 activator E1231 and elucidated its beneficial effects on lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Our study suggests that E1231 might be developed as a novel drug for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peng Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinque Luo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xuan Zuo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xinhai Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yongzhen Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ni Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Minghua Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ningyu Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Shuyi Si
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China.
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Wu H, Wu J, Zhou S, Huang W, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Jia Y. SRT2104 attenuates diabetes-induced aortic endothelial dysfunction via inhibition of P53. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:1-14. [PMID: 29371235 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction contributes to diabetic macrovascular complications. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protects against diabetic vasculopathy. SRT2104 is a novel SIRT1 activator and was not previously studied for its effects on diabetes-induced aortic endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, whether or to what extent deacetylation of P53, a substrate of SIRT1, is required for the effects of SIRT1 activation was unclear, given the fact that SIRT1 has multiple targets. Moreover, little was known about the pathogenic role of P53 in diabetes-induced aortic injury. To these ends, diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in C57BL/6 mice. The diabetic mice developed enhanced aortic contractility, oxidative stress, inflammation, P53 hyperacetylation and a remarkable decrease in SIRT1 protein, the effects of which were rescued by SRT2104. In HG-treated endothelial cells (ECs), P53 siRNA and SRT2104 produced similar effects on the induction of SIRT1 and the inhibition of P53 acetylation, oxidative stress and inflammation. Interestingly, SRT2104 failed to further enhance these effects in the presence of P53 siRNA. Moreover, P53 activation by nutlin3a completely abolished SRT2104's protection against HG-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Further, forced activation of P53 by nutlin3a increased aortic contractility in the healthy mice and generated endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation in both the normal glucose-cultured ECs and the aortas of the healthy mice. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that P53 deacetylation predominantly mediates SRT2104's protection against diabetes-induced aortic endothelial dysfunction and highlights the pathogenic role of P53 in aortic endothelial dysfunction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/prevention & control
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- The '973' National Basic Research Program of ChinaChangchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Junduo Wu
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzhu Zhou
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- School of Science and TechnologyGeorgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, Georgia, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Operating TheatreChina-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Jia
- Department of NephrologyThe First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Dai H, Sinclair DA, Ellis JL, Steegborn C. Sirtuin activators and inhibitors: Promises, achievements, and challenges. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 188:140-154. [PMID: 29577959 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylases of the Sirtuin family regulate various physiological functions, from energy metabolism to stress responses. The human Sirtuin isoforms, SIRT1-7, are considered attractive therapeutic targets for aging-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. We review the status of Sirtuin-targeted drug discovery and development. Potent and selective pharmacological Sirt1 activators and inhibitors are available, and initial clinical trials have been carried out. Several promising inhibitors and activators have also been described for other isoforms. Progress in understanding the mechanisms of Sirtuin modulation by such compounds provides a rational basis for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Dai
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James L Ellis
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Center for Bio-Macromolecules, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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43
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D'Onofrio N, Servillo L, Balestrieri ML. SIRT1 and SIRT6 Signaling Pathways in Cardiovascular Disease Protection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:711-732. [PMID: 28661724 PMCID: PMC5824538 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress represents the common hallmark of pathological conditions associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, aging, diabetes, and other vascular system-related diseases. The sirtuin (SIRT) family, comprising seven proteins (SIRT1-SIRT7) sharing a highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-binding catalytic domain, attracted a great attention for the past few years as stress adaptor and epigenetic enzymes involved in the cellular events controlling aging-related disorder, cancer, and CVD. Recent Advances: Among sirtuins, SIRT1 and SIRT6 are the best characterized for their protective roles against inflammation, vascular aging, heart disease, and atherosclerotic plaque development. This latest role has been only recently unveiled for SIRT6. Of interest, in recent years, complex signaling networks controlled by SIRT1 and SIRT6 common to stress resistance, vascular aging, and CVD have emerged. CRITICAL ISSUES We provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments on the molecular signaling pathways controlled by SIRT1 and SIRT6, two post-translational modifiers proven to be valuable tools to dampen inflammation and oxidative stress at the cardiovascular level. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A deeper understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms through which SIRT1 and SIRT6 act in the signalings responsible for onset and development CVD is a prime scientific endeavor of the upcoming years. Multiple "omic" technologies will have widespread implications in understanding such mechanisms, speeding up the achievement of selective and efficient pharmacological modulation of sirtuins for future applications in the prevention and treatment of CVD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 711-732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania , Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Servillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania , Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania , Naples, Italy
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Modulating Metabolism to Improve Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7153610. [PMID: 29785246 PMCID: PMC5896402 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7153610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wasting is one of the main features of cancer cachexia, a multifactorial syndrome frequently occurring in oncologic patients. The onset of cachexia is associated with reduced tolerance and response to antineoplastic treatments, eventually leading to clinical conditions that are not compatible with survival. Among the mechanisms underlying cachexia, protein and energy dysmetabolism play a major role. In this regard, several potential treatments have been proposed, mainly on the basis of promising results obtained in preclinical models. However, at present, no treatment yet reached validation to be used in the clinical practice, although several drugs are currently tested in clinical trials for their ability to improve muscle metabolism in cancer patients. Along this line, the results obtained in both experimental and clinical studies clearly show that cachexia can be effectively approached by a multidirectional strategy targeting nutrition, inflammation, catabolism, and inactivity at the same time. In the present study, approaches aimed to modulate muscle metabolism in cachexia will be reviewed.
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Sosnowska B, Mazidi M, Penson P, Gluba-Brzózka A, Rysz J, Banach M. The sirtuin family members SIRT1, SIRT3 and SIRT6: Their role in vascular biology and atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2017; 265:275-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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46
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Noh RM, Venkatasubramanian S, Daga S, Langrish J, Mills NL, Lang NN, Hoffmann E, Waterhouse B, Newby DE, Frier BM. Cardiometabolic effects of a novel SIRT1 activator, SRT2104, in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Open Heart 2017; 4:e000647. [PMID: 28912956 PMCID: PMC5588958 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2017-000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cardiometabolic effects of SRT2104, a novel SIRT1 activator, were investigated in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Fifteen adults with T2DM underwent a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial and received 28 days of oral SRT2104 (2.0 g/day) or placebo. Forearm vasodilatation (measured during intrabrachial bradykinin, acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside infusions) as well as markers of glycaemic control, lipid profile, plasma fibrinolytic factors, and markers of platelet-monocyte activation, were measured at baseline and at the end of each treatment period. Results Lipid profile and platelet-monocyte activation were similar in both treatment arms (p>0.05 for all). Forearm vasodilatation was similar on exposure to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside (p>0.05, respectively). Bradykinin-induced vasodilatation was less during treatment with SRT2104 versus placebo (7.753vs9.044, respectively, mean difference=−1.291,(95% CI −2.296 to −0.285, p=0.012)). Estimated net plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen release was reduced in the SRT2104 arm versus placebo (mean difference=−38.89 ng/100 mL tissue/min, (95% CI −75.47, to –2.305, p=0.038)). There were no differences in other plasma fibrinolytic factors (p>0.05 for all). After 28 days, SRT2104 exposure was associated with weight reduction (−0.93 kg (95% CI −1.72 to −0.15), p=0.0236), and a rise in glycated haemoglobin (5 mmol/mol or 0.48% (0.26 to 0.70), p=0.004) Conclusions In people with T2DM, SRT2104 had inconsistent, predominantly neutral effects on endothelial and fibrinolytic function, and no discernible effect on lipids or platelet function. In contrast, weight loss was induced along with deterioration in glycaemic control, suggestive of potentially important metabolic effects. Clinical trial registration NCT01031108; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radzi M Noh
- Department of Diabetes, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Jeremy Langrish
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ninian N Lang
- BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ethan Hoffmann
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Waterhouse
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David E Newby
- Division of Health Sciences, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brian M Frier
- Department of Diabetes, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
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Münzel T, Camici GG, Maack C, Bonetti NR, Fuster V, Kovacic JC. Impact of Oxidative Stress on the Heart and Vasculature: Part 2 of a 3-Part Series. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:212-229. [PMID: 28683969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular disease and heart failure impart an enormous burden in terms of global morbidity and mortality. Although there are many different causes of cardiac and vascular disease, most causes share an important pathological mechanism: oxidative stress. In the failing heart, oxidative stress occurs in the myocardium and correlates with left ventricular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) negatively affect myocardial calcium handling, cause arrhythmia, and contribute to cardiac remodeling by inducing hypertrophic signaling, apoptosis, and necrosis. Similarly, oxidative balance in the vasculature is tightly regulated by a wealth of pro- and antioxidant systems that orchestrate region-specific ROS production and removal. Reactive oxygen species also regulate multiple vascular cell functions, including endothelial and smooth muscle cell growth, proliferation, and migration; angiogenesis; apoptosis; vascular tone; host defenses; and genomic stability. However, excessive levels of ROS promote vascular disease through direct and irreversible oxidative damage to macromolecules, as well as disruption of redox-dependent vascular wall signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology Mainz, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Maack
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nicole R Bonetti
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Fuster
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Heiss C, Spyridopoulos I, Haendeler J. Interventions to slow cardiovascular aging: Dietary restriction, drugs and novel molecules. Exp Gerontol 2017; 109:108-118. [PMID: 28658611 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular aging is a highly dynamic process. Despite the fact that cardiovascular function and structure change with age, they can still be modulated even in aged humans. The most prominent approaches to improve age-dependent vascular changes include dietary restriction and pharmacologic agents interacting with signaling pathways implicated in this context. These include inhibition of TOR, glycolysis, and GH/IGF-1, activation of sirtuins, and AMPK, as well as modulators of inflammation, epigenetic pathways, and telomeres. Promising nutritional approaches include Mediterranean diet and novel dietary bioactives including flavanols, anthocyanins, and lignins. Many plant bioactives improve cardiovascular parameters implied in vascular healthy aging including endothelial function, arterial stiffness, blood pressure, cholesterol, and glycemic control. However, the mechanism of action of most bioactives is not established and it remains to be elucidated whether they act as dietary restriction mimetics or via other modes of action. Even more importantly, whether these interventions can slow or even reverses components of cardiovascular aging itself and can increase healthspan or longevity in humans needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Heiss
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Medical Faculty, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK.
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Effects of 10 weeks of high intensity interval training and green tea supplementation on serum levels of Sirtuin-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha in overweight women. Sci Sports 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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The Aging Cardiovascular System. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69:1952-1967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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