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Gkolfinopoulou C, Bourtsala A, Georgiadou D, Dedemadi AG, Stratikos E, Chroni A. Library screening identifies commercial drugs as potential structure correctors of abnormal apolipoprotein A-I. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100543. [PMID: 38641010 PMCID: PMC11106541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
AapoA-I, the main protein of high-density lipoprotein, plays a key role in the biogenesis and atheroprotective properties of high-density lipoprotein. We showed previously that a naturally occurring apoA-I mutation, L178P, induces major defects in protein's structural integrity and functions that may underlie the increased cardiovascular risk observed in carriers of the mutation. Here, a library of marketed drugs (956 compounds) was screened against apoA-I[L178P] to identify molecules that can stabilize the normal conformation of apoA-I. Screening was performed by the thermal shift assay in the presence of fluorescent dye SYPRO Orange. As an orthogonal assay, we monitored the change in fluorescence intensity of 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid upon binding on hydrophobic sites on apoA-I. Screening identified four potential structure correctors. Subsequent analysis of the concentration-dependent effect of these compounds on secondary structure and thermodynamic stability of WT apoA-I and apoA-I[L178P] (assessed by thermal shift assay and circular dichroism spectroscopy), as well as on macrophage viability, narrowed the potential structure correctors to two, the drugs atorvastatin and bexarotene. Functional analysis showed that these two compounds can restore the defective capacity of apoA-I[L178P] to promote cholesterol removal from macrophages, an important step for atheroprotection. Computational docking suggested that both drugs target a positively charged cavity in apoA-I, formed between helix 1/2 and helix 5, and make extensive interactions that could underlie thermodynamic stabilization. Overall, our findings indicate that small molecules can correct defective apoA-I structure and function and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for apoA-I-related dyslipidemias and increased cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gkolfinopoulou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Bourtsala
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Daphne Georgiadou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia-Georgia Dedemadi
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece; Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Chroni
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
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Wang S, Huang X, Zhao S, Lv J, Li Y, Wang S, Guo J, Wang Y, Wang R, Zhang M, Qiu W. Progressions of the correlation between lipid metabolism and immune infiltration characteristics in gastric cancer and identification of BCHE as a potential biomarker. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1327565. [PMID: 38357546 PMCID: PMC10864593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1327565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, gastric cancer (GC) is a category of prevalent malignant tumors. Its high occurrence and fatality rates represent a severe threat to public health. According to recent research, lipid metabolism (LM) reprogramming impacts immune cells' ordinary function and is critical for the onset and development of cancer. Consequently, the article conducted a sophisticated bioinformatics analysis to explore the potential connection between LM and GC. Methods We first undertook a differential analysis of the TCGA queue to recognize lipid metabolism-related genes (LRGs) that are differentially expressed. Subsequently, we utilized the LASSO and Cox regression analyses to create a predictive signature and validated it with the GSE15459 cohort. Furthermore, we examined somatic mutations, immune checkpoints, tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE), and drug sensitivity analyses to forecast the signature's immunotherapy responses. Results Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves exhibited considerably longer OS and PFS (p<0.001) of the low-risk (LR) group. PCA analysis and ROC curves evaluated the model's predictive efficacy. Additionally, GSEA analysis demonstrated that a multitude of carcinogenic and matrix-related pathways were much in the high-risk (HR) group. We then developed a nomogram to enhance its clinical practicality, and we quantitatively analyzed tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) using the CIBERSORT and ssGSEA algorithms. The low-risk group has a lower likelihood of immune escape and more effective in chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Eventually, we selected BCHE as a potential biomarker for further research and validated its expression. Next, we conducted a series of cell experiments (including CCK-8 assay, Colony formation assay, wound healing assay and Transwell assays) to prove the impact of BCHE on gastric cancer biological behavior. Discussion Our research illustrated the possible consequences of lipid metabolism in GC, and we identified BCHE as a potential therapeutic target for GC. The LRG-based signature could independently forecast the outcome of GC patients and guide personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojuan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shufen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wensheng Qiu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Shah MA, Kang JB, Koh PO. Identification of proteins regulated by chlorogenic acid in an ischemic animal model: a proteomic approach. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:12. [PMID: 37271817 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia is a serious neurological disorder that can lead to high morbidity and mortality. Chlorogenic acid is a polyphenol compound with antioxidant that can regulate proteins in cerebral ischemia. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery was performed to induce ischemic brain injury and was maintained for 24 h. Chlorogenic acid (30 mg/kg) or vehicle was administrated into the peritoneal cavity 2 h after MCAO surgery. The cerebral cortical tissues were collected for further study and a proteomic approach was performed to identify the proteins changed by chlorogenic acid in the MCAO animals. RESULTS We found that chlorogenic acid alleviated in changes in adenosylhomocysteinase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A-II, apolipoprotein A-I, and mu-crystallin. These proteins were reduced in MCAO animals with vehicle, and these reductions were attenuated by chlorogenic acid treatment. The mitigation of this reduction by chlorogenic acid was confirmed by the reverse transcription PCR technique. These proteins are associated with energy metabolism, protein synthesis, inflammation, and physiological metabolism. They are involved in the neuroprotective effect of chlorogenic acid. These results showed that chlorogenic acid alleviates the neurological disorders caused by MCAO and regulates the expression of proteins involved in neuroprotection. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our findings provide evidence that chlorogenic acid plays a neuroprotective role in stroke animal models by controlling specific proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad-Ali Shah
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Ju-Bin Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Colombo A, Franchi E, Bonacina F, Chiara M, Arnaboldi F, Donetti E, Ambrogi F, Oleari R, Lettieri A, Horner D, Scanziani E, Norata GD, Chiesa G. Lack of ApoA-I in ApoEKO Mice Causes Skin Xanthomas, Worsening of Inflammation, and Increased Coronary Atherosclerosis in the Absence of Hyperlipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:839-856. [PMID: 35587694 PMCID: PMC9205301 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and its major protein component, apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I), play a unique role in cholesterol homeostasis and immunity. ApoA-I deficiency in hyperlipidemic, atheroprone mice was shown to drive cholesterol accumulation and inflammatory cell activation/proliferation. The present study was aimed at investigating the impact of apoA-I deficiency on lipid deposition and local/systemic inflammation in normolipidemic conditions. Methods: ApoE deficient mice, apoE/apoA-I double deficient (DKO) mice, DKO mice overexpressing human apoA-I, and C57Bl/6J control mice were fed normal laboratory diet until 30 weeks of age. Plasma lipids were quantified, atherosclerosis development at the aortic sinus and coronary arteries was measured, skin ultrastructure was evaluated by electron microscopy. Blood and lymphoid organs were characterized through histological, immunocytofluorimetric, and whole transcriptome analyses. Results: DKO were characterized by almost complete HDL deficiency and by plasma total cholesterol levels comparable to control mice. Only DKO showed xanthoma formation and severe inflammation in the skin-draining lymph nodes, whose transcriptome analysis revealed a dramatic impairment in energy metabolism and fatty acid oxidation pathways. An increased presence of CD4+ T effector memory cells was detected in blood, spleen, and skin-draining lymph nodes of DKO. A worsening of atherosclerosis at the aortic sinus and coronary arteries was also observed in DKO versus apoE deficient. Human apoA-I overexpression in the DKO background was able to rescue the skin phenotype and halt atherosclerosis development. Conclusions: HDL deficiency, in the absence of hyperlipidemia, is associated with severe alterations of skin morphology, aortic and coronary atherosclerosis, local and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Elsa Franchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Chiara
- Department of Biosciences (M.C., D.H.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy (M.C., D.H.)
| | - Francesca Arnaboldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (F. Arnaboldi, E.D.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Donetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (F. Arnaboldi, E.D.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Ambrogi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (F. Ambrogi), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Oleari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Antonella Lettieri
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - David Horner
- Department of Biosciences (M.C., D.H.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy (M.C., D.H.)
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (E.S.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, Milan, Italy (E.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Centro per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello B, Milan, Italy (G.D.N.)
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., E.F., F.B., R.O., A.L., G.D.N., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Roncato R, Angelini J, Pani A, Talotta R. Lipid rafts as viral entry routes and immune platforms: A double-edged sword in SARS-CoV-2 infection? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159140. [PMID: 35248801 PMCID: PMC8894694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are nanoscopic compartments of cell membranes that serve a variety of biological functions. They play a crucial role in viral infections, as enveloped viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can exploit rafts to enter or quit target cells. On the other hand, lipid rafts contribute to the formation of immune synapses and their proper functioning is a prerequisite for adequate immune response and viral clearance. In this narrative review we dissect the panorama focusing on this singular aspect of cell biology in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and therapy. A lipid raft-mediated mechanism can be hypothesized for many drugs recommended or considered for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as glucocorticoids, antimalarials, immunosuppressants and antiviral agents. Furthermore, the additional use of lipid-lowering agents, like statins, may affect the lipid composition of membrane rafts and thus influence the processes occurring in these compartments. The combination of drugs acting on lipid rafts may be successful in the treatment of more severe forms of the disease and should be reserved for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Roncato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), via Gallini, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Jacopo Angelini
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), via Pozzuolo, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Arianna Pani
- Toxicology Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Talotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, AOU "Gaetano Martino", University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Tan W, Wang G, Liu G, You D, Wei M, Jin X, Zhao W, Zheng M. The elevation of miR-185-5p alleviates high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis and lipid accumulation in vivo and in vitro via SREBP2 activation. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1729-1742. [PMID: 35172278 PMCID: PMC8908921 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SREBP2, a member of the SREBP family, is a primary regulator of lipid metabolism. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have suggested that miRNAs regulate lipid metabolism-related genes. It was speculated in this study that miRNAs may be implicated in the regulation of lipid accumulation in macrophages by SREBP2 protein. METHODS AND RESULTS GSE34812, GSE132651 and GSE28829 datasets comprised of atherosclerosis samples were downloaded to explore the gene expression profiles related to the miRNAs and SREBP2, and miR-185-5p was predicted to be a target of SREBP2. The GO annotations and KEGG pathway analysis were adopted for functional classification of differentially expressed genes, and lipid metabolic process was an enriched pathway in atherosclerosis. Besides, the effects of SREBP2 on increasing lipid accumulation were investigated in vivo using miR-185-5p mimic/apoE-/- mice and miR-185-5p NC/apoE-/- mice. All mice fed with a HFD suffered from atherosclerosis. Moreover, the effects of miR-185-5p on atherosclerotic plaque formation in mice were analyzed. An in vitro assay was also performed to determine the effect of miR-185-5p on ox-LDL-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Finally, miR-185-5p mimic was transfected into cultured macrophages. The results showed that the miR-185-5p elevation might regulate lipid accumulation in mice by targeting SREBP2. Furthermore, miR-185-5p mimic repressed the activation of SREBP1, SREBP2, LDLR, SCD-1, HMGCR as well as NLRP3, IL-1β, TNF-α in HFD fed mice or ox-LDL-stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS our study demonstrated that miR-185-5p effectively alleviates atherosclerosis and lipid accumulation by regulating the miR-185-5p/SREBP2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Forces, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Daofeng You
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaojing Jin
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mingqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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7
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Xu H, Thomas MJ, Kaul S, Kallinger R, Ouweneel AB, Maruko E, Oussaada SM, Jongejan A, Cense HA, Nieuwdorp M, Serlie MJ, Goldberg IJ, Civelek M, Parks BW, Lusis AJ, Knaack D, Schill RL, May SC, Reho JJ, Grobe JL, Gantner B, Sahoo D, Sorci-Thomas MG. Pcpe2, a Novel Extracellular Matrix Protein, Regulates Adipocyte SR-BI-Mediated High-Density Lipoprotein Uptake. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2708-2725. [PMID: 34551590 PMCID: PMC8551036 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the role of adipocyte Pcpe2 (procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2) in SR-BI (scavenger receptor class BI)-mediated HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) uptake and contributions to adipose lipid storage. Approach and Results Pcpe2, a glycoprotein devoid of intrinsic proteolytic activity, is believed to participate in extracellular protein-protein interactions, supporting SR-BI- mediated HDL-C uptake. In published studies, Pcpe2 deficiency increased the development of atherosclerosis by reducing SR-BI-mediated HDL-C catabolism, but the biological impact of this deficiency on adipocyte SR-BI-mediated HDL-C uptake is unknown. Differentiated cells from Ldlr-/-/Pcpe2-/- (Pcpe2-/-) mouse adipose tissue showed elevated SR-BI protein levels, but significantly reduced HDL-C uptake compared to Ldlr-/- (control) adipose tissue. SR-BI-mediated HDL-C uptake was restored by preincubation of cells with exogenous Pcpe2. In diet-fed mice lacking Pcpe2, significant reductions in visceral, subcutaneous, and brown adipose tissue mass were observed, despite elevations in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations. Significant positive correlations exist between adipose mass and Pcpe2 expression in both mice and humans. Conclusions Overall, these findings reveal a novel and unexpected function for Pcpe2 in modulating SR-BI expression and function as it relates to adipose tissue expansion and cholesterol balance in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Michael J. Thomas
- Pharmacology & Toxicology and
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sushma Kaul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Amber B. Ouweneel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Elisa Maruko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Sabrina M. Oussaada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huib A. Cense
- Department of Surgery, Rode Kruis Ziekenhuis, Beverwijk, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille J. Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Brian W. Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, California
| | - Darcy Knaack
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Rebecca L. Schill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sarah C. May
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - John J. Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Benjamin Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
- Pharmacology & Toxicology and
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mary G. Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
- Pharmacology & Toxicology and
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Cochran BJ, Ong KL, Manandhar B, Rye KA. APOA1: a Protein with Multiple Therapeutic Functions. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:11. [PMID: 33591433 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Apolipoprotein (APO) A1, the main apolipoprotein of plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), has several well documented cardioprotective functions. A number of additional potentially beneficial functions of APOA1 have recently been identified. This review is concerned with the therapeutic potential of all of these functions in multiple disease states. RECENT FINDINGS Knowledge of the beneficial functions of APOA1 in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes, cancer, and neurological disorders is increasing exponentially. These insights have led to the development of clinically relevant peptides and APOA1-containing, synthetic reconstituted HDL (rHDL) preparations that mimic the functions of full-length APOA1. APOA1 is a multifunctional apolipoprotein that has therapeutic potential in several diseases. Translation of this knowledge into the clinic is likely to be dependent on the efficacy and bioavailability of small peptides and synthetic rHDL preparations that are currently under investigation, or in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake J Cochran
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kwok-Leung Ong
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
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Metabolic Flexibility Assists Reprograming of Central and Peripheral Innate Immunity During Neurodevelopment. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:703-718. [PMID: 33006752 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Central innate immunity assists time-dependent neurodevelopment by recruiting and interacting with peripheral immune cells. Microglia are the major player of central innate immunity integrating peripheral signals arising from the circumventricular regions lacking the blood-brain barrier (BBB), via neural afferent pathways such as the vagal nerve and also by choroid plexus into the brain ventricles. Defective and/or unrestrained activation of central and peripheral immunity during embryonic development might set an aberrant connectome establishment and brain function, leading to major psychiatric disorders in postnatal stages. Molecular candidates leading to central and peripheral innate immune overactivation identified metabolic substrates and lipid species as major contributors of immunological priming, supporting the role of a metabolic flexibility node during trained immunity. Mechanistically, trained immunity is established by an epigenetic program including DNA methylation and histone acetylation, as the major molecular epigenetic signatures to set immune phenotypes. By definition, immunological training sets reprogramming of innate immune cells, enhancing or repressing immune responses towards a second challenge which potentially might contribute to neurodevelopment disorders. Notably, the innate immune training might be set during pregnancy by maternal immune activation stimuli. In this review, we integrate the most valuable scientific evidence supporting the role of metabolic cues assisting metabolic flexibility, leading to innate immune training during development and its effects on aberrant neurological phenotypes in the offspring. We also add reports supporting the role of methylation and histone acetylation signatures as a major epigenetic mechanism regulating immune training.
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Zamanian-Daryoush M, Gogonea V, DiDonato AJ, Buffa JA, Choucair I, Levison BS, Hughes RA, Ellington AD, Huang Y, Li XS, DiDonato JA, Hazen SL. Site-specific 5-hydroxytryptophan incorporation into apolipoprotein A-I impairs cholesterol efflux activity and high-density lipoprotein biogenesis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4836-4848. [PMID: 32098873 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the major protein constituent of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and a target of myeloperoxidase-dependent oxidation in the artery wall. In atherosclerotic lesions, apoA-I exhibits marked oxidative modifications at multiple sites, including Trp72 Site-specific mutagenesis studies have suggested, but have not conclusively shown, that oxidative modification of Trp72 of apoA-I impairs many atheroprotective properties of this lipoprotein. Herein, we used genetic code expansion technology with an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae tryptophanyl tRNA-synthetase (Trp-RS):suppressor tRNA pair to insert the noncanonical amino acid 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-OHTrp) at position 72 in recombinant human apoA-I and confirmed site-specific incorporation utilizing MS. In functional characterization studies, 5-OHTrp72 apoA-I (compared with WT apoA-I) exhibited reduced ABC subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1)-dependent cholesterol acceptor activity in vitro (41.73 ± 6.57% inhibition; p < 0.01). Additionally, 5-OHTrp72 apoA-I displayed increased activation and stabilization of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity (μmol/min/mg) when compared with WT apoA-I and comparable PON1 activation/stabilization compared with reconstituted HDL (WT apoA-I, 1.92 ± 0.04; 5-OHTrp72 apoA-I, 2.35 ± 0.0; and HDL, 2.33 ± 0.1; p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Following injection into apoA-I-deficient mice, 5-OHTrp72 apoA-I reached plasma levels comparable with those of native apoA-I yet exhibited significantly reduced (48%; p < 0.01) lipidation and evidence of HDL biogenesis. Collectively, these findings unequivocally reveal that site-specific oxidative modification of apoA-I via 5-OHTrp at Trp72 impairs cholesterol efflux and the rate-limiting step of HDL biogenesis both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zamanian-Daryoush
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.,Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.,Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.,Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115
| | - Anthony J DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.,Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Jennifer A Buffa
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.,Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Ibrahim Choucair
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.,Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.,Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115
| | - Bruce S Levison
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Randall A Hughes
- United States Army Research Laboratory South, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Andrew D Ellington
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.,Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Xinmin S Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.,Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Joseph A DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.,Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 .,Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.,Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
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11
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van der Vorst EPC, Weber C. Novel Features of Monocytes and Macrophages in Cardiovascular Biology and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:e30-e37. [PMID: 30673349 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P C van der Vorst
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (E.P.C.v.d.V., C.W.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (E.P.C.v.d.V., C.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C.W.).,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (C.W.)
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12
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Canè S, Ugel S, Trovato R, Marigo I, De Sanctis F, Sartoris S, Bronte V. The Endless Saga of Monocyte Diversity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1786. [PMID: 31447834 PMCID: PMC6691342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy relies on either restoring or activating the function of adaptive immune cells, mainly CD8+ T lymphocytes. Despite impressive clinical success, cancer immunotherapy remains ineffective in many patients due to the establishment of tumor resistance, largely dependent on the nature of tumor microenvironment. There are several cellular and molecular mechanisms at play, and the goal is to identify those that are clinically significant. Among the hematopoietic-derived cells, monocytes are endowed with high plasticity, responsible for their pro- and anti-tumoral function. Indeed, monocytes are involved in several cancer-associated processes such as immune-tolerance, metastatic spread, neoangiogenesis, and chemotherapy resistance; on the other hand, by presenting cancer-associated antigens, they can also promote and sustain anti-tumoral T cell response. Recently, by high throughput technologies, new findings have revealed previously underappreciated, profound transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic differences among monocyte subsets, which complement and expand our knowledge on the monocyte ontogeny, recruitment during steady state, and emergency hematopoiesis, as seen in cancer. The subdivision into discrete monocytes subsets, both in mice and humans, appears an oversimplification, whereas continuum subsets development is best for depicting the real condition. In this review, we examine the evidences sustaining the existence of a monocyte heterogeneity along with functional activities, at the primary tumor and at the metastatic niche. In particular, we describe how tumor-derived soluble factors and cell-cell contact reprogram monocyte function. Finally, we point out the role of monocytes in preparing and shaping the metastatic niche and describe relevant targetable molecules altering monocyte activities. We think that exploiting monocyte complexity can help identifying key pathways important for the treatment of cancer and several conditions where these cells are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Canè
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Trovato
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marigo
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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13
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Li Y, Xu Y, Jadhav K, Zhu Y, Yin L, Zhang Y. Hepatic Forkhead Box Protein A3 Regulates ApoA-I (Apolipoprotein A-I) Expression, Cholesterol Efflux, and Atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1574-1587. [PMID: 31291759 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of hepatic FOXA3 (forkhead box A3) in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: Hepatic FOXA3 expression was reduced in diabetic or high fat diet-fed mice or patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We then used adenoviruses to overexpress or knock down hepatic FOXA3 expression. Overexpression of FOXA3 in the liver increased hepatic ApoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) expression, plasma HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) level, macrophage cholesterol efflux, and macrophage reverse cholesterol transport. In contrast, knockdown of hepatic FOXA3 expression had opposite effects. We further showed that FOXA3 directly bound to the promoter of the Apoa1 gene to regulate its transcription. Finally, AAV8 (adeno-associated virus serotype 8)-mediated overexpression of human FOXA3 in the hepatocytes of Apoe-/- (apolipoprotein E-deficient) mice raised plasma HDL-C levels and significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSIONS Hepatocyte FOXA3 protects against atherosclerosis by inducing ApoA-I and macrophage reverse cholesterol transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- From the Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown
| | - Yanyong Xu
- From the Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown
| | - Kavita Jadhav
- From the Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- From the Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown
| | - Liya Yin
- From the Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- From the Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown
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14
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High-Density Lipoprotein Functionality as a New Pharmacological Target on Cardiovascular Disease: Unifying Mechanism That Explains High-Density Lipoprotein Protection Toward the Progression of Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019. [PMID: 29528874 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the atherosclerotic plaque that is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal amounts of cholesterol-loaded macrophages in the artery wall is mediated by both inflammatory events and alterations of lipid/lipoprotein metabolism. Reverse transport of cholesterol opposes the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaque by promoting high density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated removal of cholesterol from peripheral macrophages and its delivery back to the liver for excretion into the bile. Although an inverse association between HDL plasma levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been demonstrated over the years, several studies have recently shown that the antiatherogenic functions of HDL seem to be mediated by their functionality, not always associated with their plasma concentrations. Therefore, assessment of HDL function, evaluated as the capacity to promote cell cholesterol efflux, may offer a better prediction of CVD than HDL levels alone. In agreement with this idea, it has recently been shown that the assessment of serum cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), as a metric of HDL functionality, may represent a predictor of atherosclerosis extent in humans. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current evidence concerning the role of cholesterol efflux capacity that is important for evaluating CVD risk, focusing on pharmacological evidences and its relationship with inflammation. We conclude that HDL therapeutics are a promising area of investigation but strategies for identifying efficacy must move beyond the idea of simply raising static HDL-cholesterol levels and toward methods of measuring the dynamics of HDL particle remodeling and the generation of lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). In this way, apoA-I, unlike mature HDL, can promote the greatest extent of cholesterol efflux relieving cellular cholesterol toxicity and the inflammation it causes.
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15
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Modulation of Myelopoiesis Progenitors Is an Integral Component of Trained Immunity. Cell 2018; 172:147-161.e12. [PMID: 29328910 PMCID: PMC5766828 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 634] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Trained innate immunity fosters a sustained favorable response of myeloid cells to a secondary challenge, despite their short lifespan in circulation. We thus hypothesized that trained immunity acts via modulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Administration of β-glucan (prototypical trained-immunity-inducing agonist) to mice induced expansion of progenitors of the myeloid lineage, which was associated with elevated signaling by innate immune mediators, such as IL-1β and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and with adaptations in glucose metabolism and cholesterol biosynthesis. The trained-immunity-related increase in myelopoiesis resulted in a beneficial response to secondary LPS challenge and protection from chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in mice. Therefore, modulation of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow is an integral component of trained immunity, which to date, was considered to involve functional changes of mature myeloid cells in the periphery. Trained immunity (TI) modulates hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow TI is associated with adaptations in cell metabolism in progenitors TI increases expansion of hematopoietic progenitors and myelopoiesis TI promotes beneficial responses to systemic inflammation and chemotherapy
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16
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Jin X, Dimitriadis EK, Liu Y, Combs CA, Chang J, Varsano N, Stempinski E, Flores R, Jackson SN, Muller L, Woods AS, Addadi L, Kruth HS. Macrophages Shed Excess Cholesterol in Unique Extracellular Structures Containing Cholesterol Microdomains. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1504-1518. [PMID: 29853567 PMCID: PMC6023747 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Cells use various mechanisms to maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis including efflux of cholesterol from the cellular plasma membrane to cholesterol acceptors such as HDLs (high-density lipoproteins). Little is known about the transfer of cholesterol from cells into the extracellular matrix. Using a unique monoclonal antibody that detects ordered cholesterol arrays (ie, cholesterol micro[or nano]-domains), we previously identified that particles containing these cholesterol domains accumulate in the extracellular matrix during cholesterol enrichment of human monocyte-derived macrophages and are found in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we further investigate these deposited particles containing cholesterol microdomains and discover their unexpected morphology. Approach and Results— Although appearing spherical at the resolution of the conventional fluorescence microscope, super-resolution immunofluorescence and atomic force microscopy of in situ cholesterol microdomains, and immunoelectron microscopy of isolated cholesterol microdomains revealed that the microdomains are not vesicles or 3-dimensional crystals but rather appear as branching irregularly shaped deposits of varying size. These cholesterol microdomain-containing deposits are shed from the plasma membrane into the extracellular matrix. Conclusions— To date, research on cellular excretion of excess cholesterol has demonstrated cellular cholesterol efflux in the form of membranous vesicles and discoidal HDL particles released into the fluid-phase medium. Shedding of plasma membrane cholesterol microdomains provides an additional mechanism for cells such as macrophages to maintain plasma membrane cholesterol homeostasis. Furthermore, recognition that macrophages shed cholesterol microdomains into the extracellular matrix is important to our understanding of extracellular buildup of cholesterol in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Jin
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (X.J., Y.L., J.C., R.F., H.S.K.)
| | - Emilios K Dimitriadis
- Scanning Probe Microscopy Unit, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (E.K.D.)
| | - Ying Liu
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (X.J., Y.L., J.C., R.F., H.S.K.)
| | - Christian A Combs
- Light Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (C.A.C.)
| | - Janet Chang
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (X.J., Y.L., J.C., R.F., H.S.K.)
| | - Neta Varsano
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (N.V., L.A.)
| | - Erin Stempinski
- Electron Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (E.S.)
| | - Rhonda Flores
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (X.J., Y.L., J.C., R.F., H.S.K.)
| | - Shelley N Jackson
- Structural Biology Core, National Institute of Drug Abuse (S.N.J., L.M., A.S.W.), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ludovic Muller
- Structural Biology Core, National Institute of Drug Abuse (S.N.J., L.M., A.S.W.), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amina S Woods
- Structural Biology Core, National Institute of Drug Abuse (S.N.J., L.M., A.S.W.), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (N.V., L.A.)
| | - Howard S Kruth
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (X.J., Y.L., J.C., R.F., H.S.K.)
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17
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Gaddis DE, Padgett LE, Wu R, McSkimming C, Romines V, Taylor AM, McNamara CA, Kronenberg M, Crotty S, Thomas MJ, Sorci-Thomas MG, Hedrick CC. Apolipoprotein AI prevents regulatory to follicular helper T cell switching during atherosclerosis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1095. [PMID: 29545616 PMCID: PMC5854619 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells contribute to the anti-inflammatory response during atherogenesis. Here we show that during atherogenesis Treg cells lose Foxp3 expression and their immunosuppressive function, leading to the conversion of a fraction of these cells into T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. We show that Tfh cells are pro-atherogenic and that their depletion reduces atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, the conversion of Treg cells to Tfh cells correlates with reduced expression of IL-2Rα and pSTAT5 levels and increased expression of IL-6Rα. In vitro, incubation of naive T cells with oxLDL prevents their differentiation into Treg cells. Furthermore, injection of lipid-free Apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) into ApoE−/− mice reduces intracellular cholesterol levels in Treg cells and prevents their conversion into Tfh cells. Together our results suggest that ApoAI, the main protein in high-density lipoprotein particles, modulates the cellular fate of Treg cells and thus influences the immune response during atherosclerosis. Regulatory T (Treg) cells contribute to the anti-inflammatory response during atherogenesis. Here Gaddis et al. show that Apolipoprotein AI prevents the conversion of Treg cells into pro-atherogenic T follicular helper cells, and thus regulates the immune response during atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia E Gaddis
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lindsey E Padgett
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Runpei Wu
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Chantel McSkimming
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Veronica Romines
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Angela M Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael J Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Catherine C Hedrick
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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18
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Wacker BK, Dronadula N, Bi L, Stamatikos A, Dichek DA. Apo A-I (Apolipoprotein A-I) Vascular Gene Therapy Provides Durable Protection Against Atherosclerosis in Hyperlipidemic Rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:206-217. [PMID: 29122817 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gene therapy that expresses apo A-I (apolipoprotein A-I) from vascular wall cells has promise for preventing and reversing atherosclerosis. Previously, we reported that transduction of carotid artery endothelial cells with a helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vector expressing apo A-I reduced early (4 weeks) fatty streak development in fat-fed rabbits. Here, we tested whether the same HDAd could provide long-term protection against development of more complex lesions. APPROACH AND RESULTS Fat-fed rabbits (n=25) underwent bilateral carotid artery gene transfer, with their left and right common carotids randomized to receive either a control vector (HDAdNull) or an apo A-I-expressing vector (HDAdApoAI). Twenty-four additional weeks of high-fat diet yielded complex intimal lesions containing lipid-rich macrophages as well as smooth muscle cells, often in a lesion cap. Twenty-four weeks after gene transfer, high levels of apo A-I mRNA (median ≥250-fold above background) were present in all HDAdApoAI-treated arteries. Compared with paired control HDAdNull-treated arteries in the same rabbit, HDAdApoAI-treated arteries had 30% less median intimal lesion volume (P=0.03), with concomitant reductions (23%-32%) in intimal lipid, macrophage, and smooth muscle cell content (P≤0.05 for all). HDAdApoAI-treated arteries also had decreased intimal inflammatory markers. VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1)-stained area was reduced by 36% (P=0.03), with trends toward lower expression of ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1), MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α; 13%-39% less; P=0.06-0.1). CONCLUSIONS In rabbits with severe hyperlipidemia, transduction of vascular endothelial cells with an apo A-I-expressing HDAd yields at least 24 weeks of local apo A-I expression that durably reduces atherosclerotic lesion growth and intimal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley K Wacker
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Nagadhara Dronadula
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Lianxiang Bi
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Alexis Stamatikos
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - David A Dichek
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
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19
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Milasan A, Jean G, Dallaire F, Tardif JC, Merhi Y, Sorci-Thomas M, Martel C. Apolipoprotein A-I Modulates Atherosclerosis Through Lymphatic Vessel-Dependent Mechanisms in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006892. [PMID: 28939717 PMCID: PMC5634311 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Subcutaneously injected lipid‐free apoA‐I (apolipoprotein A‐I) reduces accumulation of lipid and immune cells within the aortic root of hypercholesterolemic mice without increasing high‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol concentrations. Lymphatic vessels are now recognized as prerequisite players in the modulation of cholesterol removal from the artery wall in experimental conditions of plaque regression, and particular attention has been brought to the role of the collecting lymphatic vessels in early atherosclerosis‐related lymphatic dysfunction. In the present study, we address whether and how preservation of collecting lymphatic function contributes to the protective effect of apoA‐I. Methods and Results Atherosclerotic Ldlr−/− mice treated with low‐dose lipid‐free apoA‐I showed enhanced lymphatic transport and abrogated collecting lymphatic vessel permeability in atherosclerotic Ldlr−/− mice when compared with albumin‐control mice. Treatment of human lymphatic endothelial cells with apoA‐I increased the adhesion of human platelets on lymphatic endothelial cells, in a bridge‐like manner, a mechanism that could strengthen endothelial cell–cell junctions and limit atherosclerosis‐associated collecting lymphatic vessel dysfunction. Experiments performed with blood platelets isolated from apoA‐I‐treated Ldlr−/− mice revealed that apoA‐I decreased ex vivo platelet aggregation. This suggests that in vivo apoA‐I treatment limits platelet thrombotic potential in blood while maintaining the platelet activity needed to sustain adequate lymphatic function. Conclusions Altogether, we bring forward a new pleiotropic role for apoA‐I in lymphatic function and unveil new potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Milasan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Jean
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yahye Merhi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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