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Mundisugih J, Kumar S, Kizana E. Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy for cardiac tachyarrhythmia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:939-949. [PMID: 38336191 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac tachyarrhythmia presents a significant health care challenge, causing notable morbidity and mortality. Conventional treatments have limitations and potential risks, resulting in an elevated disease burden. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy holds promise as a potential future treatment option. Therefore, we aimed to provide a measured overview of the latest developments in this rapidly growing field. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to January 2024. Studies that employed AAV as a vector for delivery of therapeutic agents to treat cardiac tachyarrhythmia were included. Of the 26 studies included, 20 published in the last 5 years. There were 22 novel molecular targets identified. More than 80% of the included studies employed small-animal models or used AAV9. In atrial fibrillation preclinical studies, AAV-mediated gene therapy reduced atrial fibrillation inducibility by 81% (odds ratio, 0.19 [0.08-0.45]; P < .01). Similarly, for acquired and inherited ventricular arrhythmia, animal models receiving gene therapy had less inducible ventricular arrhythmia (odds ratio, 0.06 [0.03-0.11]; P < .01). This review highlights the rapid progress of AAV-mediated gene therapy for cardiac tachyarrhythmia. Although these investigations are currently in the early stages of clinical application, they present promising prospects for gene therapy. (PROSPERO registry: CRD42023479448).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mundisugih
- Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eddy Kizana
- Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Zhang ZH, Barajas-Martinez H, Jiang H, Huang CX, Antzelevitch C, Xia H, Hu D. Gene and stem cell therapy for inherited cardiac arrhythmias. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 256:108596. [PMID: 38301770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Inherited cardiac arrhythmias are a group of genetic diseases predisposing to sudden cardiac arrest, mainly resulting from variants in genes encoding cardiac ion channels or proteins involved in their regulation. Currently available therapeutic options (pharmacotherapy, ablative therapy and device-based therapy) can not preclude the occurrence of arrhythmia events and/or provide complete protection. With growing understanding of the genetic background and molecular mechanisms of inherited cardiac arrhythmias, advancing insight of stem cell technology, and development of vectors and delivery strategies, gene therapy and stem cell therapy may be promising approaches for treatment of inherited cardiac arrhythmias. Recent years have witnessed impressive progress in the basic science aspects and there is a clear and urgent need to be translated into the clinical management of arrhythmic events. In this review, we present a succinct overview of gene and cell therapy strategies, and summarize the current status of gene and cell therapy. Finally, we discuss future directions for implementation of gene and cell therapy in the therapy of inherited cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-He Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Hector Barajas-Martinez
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Lankenau Heart Institute, Wynnwood, PA, 19096, USA; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Cong-Xin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Charles Antzelevitch
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Lankenau Heart Institute, Wynnwood, PA, 19096, USA; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.
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3
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van Opbergen CJ, Narayanan B, Sacramento CB, Stiles KM, Mishra V, Frenk E, Ricks D, Chen G, Zhang M, Yarabe P, Schwartz J, Delmar M, Herzog CD, Cerrone M. AAV-Mediated Delivery of Plakophilin-2a Arrests Progression of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in Murine Hearts: Preclinical Evidence Supporting Gene Therapy in Humans. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2024; 17:e004305. [PMID: 38288614 PMCID: PMC10923105 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.123.004305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic variants in PKP2 (plakophilin-2) cause arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, a disease characterized by life-threatening arrhythmias and progressive cardiomyopathy leading to heart failure. No effective medical therapy is available to prevent or arrest the disease. We tested the hypothesis that adeno-associated virus vector-mediated delivery of the human PKP2 gene to an adult mammalian heart deficient in PKP2 can arrest disease progression and significantly prolong survival. METHODS Experiments were performed using a PKP2-cKO (cardiac-specific, tamoxifen-activated PKP2 knockout murine model). The potential therapeutic, adeno-associated virus vector of serotype rh.74 (AAVrh.74)-PKP2a (PKP2 variant A; RP-A601) is a recombinant AAVrh.74 gene therapy viral vector encoding the human PKP2 variant A. AAVrh.74-PKP2a was delivered to adult mice by a single tail vein injection either before or after tamoxifen-activated PKP2-cKO. PKP2 expression was confirmed by molecular and histopathologic analyses. Cardiac function and disease progression were monitored by survival analyses, echocardiography, and electrocardiography. RESULTS Consistent with prior findings, loss of PKP2 expression caused 100% mortality within 50 days after tamoxifen injection. In contrast, AAVrh.74-PKP2a-mediated PKP2a expression resulted in 100% survival for >5 months (at study termination). Echocardiographic analysis revealed that AAVrh.74-PKP2a prevented right ventricle dilation, arrested left ventricle functional decline, and mitigated arrhythmia burden. Molecular and histological analyses showed AAVrh.74-PKP2a-mediated transgene mRNA and protein expression and appropriate PKP2 localization at the cardiomyocyte intercalated disc. Importantly, the therapeutic benefit was shown in mice receiving AAVrh.74-PKP2a after disease onset. CONCLUSIONS These preclinical data demonstrate the potential for AAVrh.74-PKP2a (RP-A601) as a therapeutic for PKP2-related arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in both early and more advanced stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Grace Chen
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York Univ Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York Univ Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Mario Delmar
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York Univ Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Marina Cerrone
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York Univ Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Fang X, Bogdanov V, Davis JP, Kekenes-Huskey PM. Molecular Insights into the MLCK Activation by CaM. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:7487-7498. [PMID: 38016288 PMCID: PMC11070109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a universal regulatory protein that modulates numerous cellular processes by using calcium (Ca2+) as the signal. In smooth muscle cells (SMC), one major target of CaM is myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), a kinase that phosphorylates the myosin regulatory light chain and thereby regulates cell contraction. In the absence of CaM, MLCK remains inhibited by its autoinhibitory domain (AID). While it is well established that CaM activates MLCK, the molecular interactions between these two proteins remain elusive due to the lack of structural data. In this work, we constructed a molecular model of mammalian CaM (mCaM) in complex with MLCK leveraging AlphaFold, published biochemical data, and protein-protein docking. The model, along with a strategic set of CaM mutants including a inhibitory variant soybean CaM isoform 4 (sCaM-4), was subject to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Using principal component analysis (PCA), we mapped out the transition path for the removal of the AID from the MLCK kinase domain to provide molecular basis of MLCK activation. Additionally, we established MLCK conformations that correspond to the active and inactive states of the kinase. We showed that mCaM and sCaM-4 cause MLCK to undergo the transition to the active and inactive states, respectively. Using two structural metrics, we computed the probabilities of MLCK activation by different CaM variants, which were in good agreement with the experimental data. Distributions along these metrics revealed that different inhibitory CaM variants impair MLCK activation through unique mechanisms. We finally identified molecular contacts that contribute to the MLCK activation by CaM. Overall, we report a de novo molecular model of CaM-MLCK that provides insights into the molecular mechanism of MLCK activation by CaM. The mechanism requires effective removal of the AID while preserving an active configuration of the kinase domain. This mechanism may be shared by other MLCK isoforms and potentially other structurally similar kinases with CaM-mediated regulatory domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Fang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Vladimir Bogdanov
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jonathan P Davis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Peter M Kekenes-Huskey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
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5
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Siu A, Tandanu E, Ma B, Osas EE, Liu H, Liu T, Chou OHI, Huang H, Tse G. Precision medicine in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: Recent advances toward personalized care. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 16:431-446. [PMID: 38817258 PMCID: PMC11135882 DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_96_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare inherited cardiac ion channelopathy where the initial disease presentation is during childhood or adolescent stages, leading to increased risks of sudden cardiac death. Despite advances in medical science and technology, several gaps remain in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms, risk prediction, and therapeutic management of patients with CPVT. Recent studies have identified and validated seven sets of genes responsible for various CPVT phenotypes, including RyR2, CASQ-2, TRDN, CALM1, 2, and 3, and TECRL, providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms. However, more data on atypical CPVT genotypes are required to investigate the underlying mechanisms further. The complexities of the underlying genetics contribute to challenges in risk stratification as well as the uncertainty surrounding nongenetic modifiers. Therapeutically, although medical management involving beta-blockers and flecainide, or insertion of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator remains the mainstay of treatment, animal and stem cell studies on gene therapy for CPVT have shown promising results. However, its clinical applicability remains unclear. Current gene therapy studies have primarily focused on the RyR2 and CASQ-2 variants, which constitute 75% of all CPVT cases. Alternative approaches that target a broader population, such as CaMKII inhibition, could be more feasible for clinical implementation. Together, this review provides an update on recent research on CPVT, highlighting the need for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms, risk stratification, and therapeutic management of this potentially lethal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Siu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Powerhealth Research Institute, Hong Kong, China
- GKT School of Medical Education, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edelyne Tandanu
- GKT School of Medical Education, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Ma
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Haipeng Liu
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Oscar Hou In Chou
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Helen Huang
- University of Medicine and Health Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China
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Shemarova I. The Dysfunction of Ca 2+ Channels in Hereditary and Chronic Human Heart Diseases and Experimental Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15682. [PMID: 37958665 PMCID: PMC10650855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart diseases, such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, secondary arterial hypertension, and dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, are widespread and have a fairly high incidence of mortality and disability. Most of these diseases are characterized by cardiac arrhythmias, conduction, and contractility disorders. Additionally, interruption of the electrical activity of the heart, the appearance of extensive ectopic foci, and heart failure are all symptoms of a number of severe hereditary diseases. The molecular mechanisms leading to the development of heart diseases are associated with impaired permeability and excitability of cell membranes and are mainly caused by the dysfunction of cardiac Ca2+ channels. Over the past 50 years, more than 100 varieties of ion channels have been found in the cardiovascular cells. The relationship between the activity of these channels and cardiac pathology, as well as the general cellular biological function, has been intensively studied on several cell types and experimental animal models in vivo and in situ. In this review, I discuss the origin of genetic Ca2+ channelopathies of L- and T-type voltage-gated calcium channels in humans and the role of the non-genetic dysfunctions of Ca2+ channels of various types: L-, R-, and T-type voltage-gated calcium channels, RyR2, including Ca2+ permeable nonselective cation hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN), and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, in the development of cardiac pathology in humans, as well as various aspects of promising experimental studies of the dysfunctions of these channels performed on animal models or in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Shemarova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Deb A, Tow BD, Qing Y, Walker M, Hodges ER, Stewart JA, Knollmann BC, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Liu B. Genetic Inhibition of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Exacerbates Ryanodine Receptor 2 Dysfunction in Arrhythmic Disease. Cells 2023; 12:204. [PMID: 36672139 PMCID: PMC9856515 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The brief opening mode of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) serves as a calcium (Ca2+) release valve to prevent mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) overload. Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a stress-induced arrhythmic syndrome due to mutations in the Ca2+ release channel complex of ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2). We hypothesize that inhibiting the mPTP opening in CPVT exacerbates the disease phenotype. By crossbreeding a CPVT model of CASQ2 knockout (KO) with a mouse missing CypD, an activator of mPTP, a double KO model (DKO) was generated. Echocardiography, cardiac histology, and live-cell imaging were employed to assess the severity of cardiac pathology. Western blot and RNAseq were performed to evaluate the contribution of various signaling pathways. Although exacerbated arrhythmias were reported, the DKO model did not exhibit pathological remodeling. Myocyte Ca2+ handling was similar to that of the CASQ2 KO mouse at a low pacing frequency. However, increased ROS production, activation of the CaMKII pathway, and hyperphosphorylation of RyR2 were detected in DKO. Transcriptome analysis identified altered gene expression profiles associated with electrical instability in DKO. Our study provides evidence that genetic inhibition of mPTP exacerbates RyR2 dysfunction in CPVT by increasing activation of the CaMKII pathway and subsequent hyperphosphorylation of RyR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Deb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Brian D. Tow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - You Qing
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Bioinformatics Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Madelyn Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Emmanuel R. Hodges
- School of Pharmacy, Division of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - James A. Stewart
- School of Pharmacy, Division of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Björn C. Knollmann
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Bioinformatics Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
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Gupta S, Krishnakumar V, Soni N, Rao EP, Banerjee A, Mohanty S. Comparative proteomic profiling of Small Extracellular vesicles derived from iPSCs and tissue specific mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2022; 420:113354. [PMID: 36126717 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small Extracellular vesicles (EV) are emerging as crucial intercellular messengers that contribute to the physiological processes. EVs contain numerous functional proteins and nucleic acids derived from their parent cells and have different roles depending on their origin. Functionally, EVs transfer these biological materials from the parent cell to the recipient and thus exhibits a novel therapeutic platform for delivering therapeutics molecules to the target tissue. In this regard, EVs derived from stem cells such as Mesenchymal Stem Cells and iPSCs have demonstrated a higher ability to benefit regenerative medicine. Even though these stem cells share some common properties, due to the differences in their origin (cell sources, the hierarchy of potency, etc) the EVs cargo profiling and functionality may vary. METHOD We used iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis to conduct a comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of EVs derived from iPSCs and various tissue-specific MSCs in this study. Additionally, the data was analyzed using a variety of bioinformatic tools, including ProteinPilot for peptide and protein identification and quantification; Funrich, GO, Reactome, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) for pathway enrichment; the STRING database, and the inBio Discover tool for identifying known and predicted Protein-Protein networks. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed 223 differentially expressed proteins in these EVs; however, Wharton's jelly MSC-EV contained more exclusive proteins with higher protein expression levels. Additionally, 113 proteins were abundant in MSC-EVs, while others were shared between MSC-EVs and iPSC-EVs. Further, based on an in-depth examination of the proteins, their associated pathways, and their interactions with other proteins, it was determined that these proteins are involved in bone regeneration (9.3%), wound healing (4.4%), immune regulation (8.9%), cardiac regeneration (6.6%), neuro regeneration (8.9%), and hepatic regeneration (3.5%). CONCLUSION Overall, the results of our proteomic analysis indicate that EVs derived from MSCs have a more robust profile of proteins with higher expression levels than iPSCs. This is a significant finding, as it demonstrates the critical therapeutic role of EVs in a variety of diseases, as demonstrated by enrichment analysis, their versatility, and broad application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Gupta
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishnu Krishnakumar
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naina Soni
- Department of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - E Pranshu Rao
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arup Banerjee
- Department of Virology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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9
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Sun B, Fang X, Johnson C, Hauck G, Kou Y, Davis JP, Kekenes-Huskey PM. Non-Canonical Interaction between Calmodulin and Calcineurin Contributes to the Differential Regulation of Plant-Derived Calmodulins on Calcineurin. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:5223-5233. [PMID: 34615359 PMCID: PMC8867402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) serves as an important Ca2+ signaling hub that regulates many protein signaling pathways. Recently, it was demonstrated that plant CaM homologues can regulate mammalian targets, often in a manner that opposes the impact of the mammalian CaM (mCaM). However, the molecular basis of how CaM homologue mutations differentially impact target activation is unclear. To understand these mechanisms, we examined two CaM isoforms found in soybean plants that differentially regulate a mammalian target, calcineurin (CaN). These CaM isoforms, sCaM-1 and sCaM-4, share >90 and ∼78% identity with the mCaM, respectively, and activate CaN with comparable or reduced activity relative to mCaM. We used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and fluorometric assays of CaN-dependent dephosphorylation of MUF-P to probe whether calcium and protein-protein binding interactions are altered by plant CaMs relative to mCaM as a basis for differential CaN regulation. In the presence of CaN, we found that the two sCaMs' Ca2+ binding properties, such as their predicted coordination of Ca2+ and experimentally measured EC50 [Ca2+] values are comparable to mCaM. Furthermore, the binding of CaM to the CaM binding region (CaMBR) in CaN is comparable among the three CaMs, as evidenced by MD-predicted binding energies and experimentally measured EC50 [CaM] values. However, mCaM and sCaM-1 exhibited binding with a secondary region of CaN's regulatory domain that is weakened for sCaM-4. We speculate that this secondary interaction affects the turnover rate (kcat) of CaN based on our modeling of enzyme activity, which is consistent with our experimental data. Together, our data describe how plant-derived CaM variants alter CaN activity through enlisting interactions other than those directly influencing Ca2+ binding and canonical CaMBR binding, which may additionally play a role in the differential regulation of other mammalian targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA 60153
| | - Xuan Fang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA 60153
| | - Christopher Johnson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 43210
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University Starkville MS, 39759
| | - Garrett Hauck
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 43210
| | - Yongjun Kou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 43210
| | - Jonathan P. Davis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 43210
| | - Peter M. Kekenes-Huskey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA 60153
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10
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Chen L, He Y, Wang X, Ge J, Li H. Ventricular voltage-gated ion channels: Detection, characteristics, mechanisms, and drug safety evaluation. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e530. [PMID: 34709746 PMCID: PMC8516344 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) play critical roles in mediating cardiac electrophysiological signals, such as action potentials, to maintain normal heart excitability and contraction. Inherited or acquired alterations in the structure, expression, or function of VGICs, as well as VGIC-related side effects of pharmaceutical drug delivery can result in abnormal cellular electrophysiological processes that induce life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias or even sudden cardiac death. Hence, to reduce possible heart-related risks, VGICs must be acknowledged as important targets in drug discovery and safety studies related to cardiac disease. In this review, we first summarize the development and application of electrophysiological techniques that are employed in cardiac VGIC studies alone or in combination with other techniques such as cryoelectron microscopy, optical imaging and optogenetics. Subsequently, we describe the characteristics, structure, mechanisms, and functions of various well-studied VGICs in ventricular myocytes and analyze their roles in and contributions to both physiological cardiac excitability and inherited cardiac diseases. Finally, we address the implications of the structure and function of ventricular VGICs for drug safety evaluation. In summary, multidisciplinary studies on VGICs help researchers discover potential targets of VGICs and novel VGICs in heart, enrich their knowledge of the properties and functions, determine the operation mechanisms of pathological VGICs, and introduce groundbreaking trends in drug therapy strategies, and drug safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesShanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan‐xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yue He
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan‐xuhui HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesShanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan‐xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesShanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan‐xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Yoo S, Geist GE, Pfenniger A, Rottmann M, Arora R. Recent advances in gene therapy for atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2021; 32:2854-2864. [PMID: 34053133 PMCID: PMC9281901 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disorder in adults and a major cause of stroke. Unfortunately, current treatments for AF are suboptimal as they are not targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying AF. In this regard, gene therapy is emerging as a promising approach for mechanism-based treatment of AF. In this review, we summarize recent advances and challenges in gene therapy for this important cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yoo
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gail Elizabeth Geist
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anna Pfenniger
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Markus Rottmann
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rishi Arora
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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12
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Song J, Luo Y, Jiang Y, He J. Advances in the Molecular Genetics of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:718208. [PMID: 34483927 PMCID: PMC8415552 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.718208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is a primary arrhythmogenic syndrome with genetic features most commonly seen in adolescents, with syncope and sudden death following exercise or agitation as the main clinical manifestations. The mechanism of its occurrence is related to the aberrant release of Ca2+ from cardiomyocytes caused by abnormal RyR2 channels or CASQ2 proteins under conditions of sympathetic excitation, thus inducing a delayed posterior exertional pole, manifested by sympathetic excitation inducing adrenaline secretion, resulting in bidirectional or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. The mortality rate of the disease is high, but patients usually do not have organic heart disease, the clinical manifestations may not be obvious, and no significant abnormal changes in the QT interval are often observed on electrocardiography. Therefore, the disease is often easily missed and misdiagnosed. A number of genetic mutations have been linked to the development of this disease, and the mechanisms are different. In this paper, we would like to summarize the possible genes related to catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in order to review the genetic tests currently performed, and to further promote the development of genetic testing techniques and deepen the research on the molecular level of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Song
- Departments of Cardiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanhong Luo
- Endocrinology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Departments of Cardiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfeng He
- Departments of Cardiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Hamilton S, Veress R, Belevych A, Terentyev D. The role of calcium homeostasis remodeling in inherited cardiac arrhythmia syndromes. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:377-387. [PMID: 33404893 PMCID: PMC7940310 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death due to malignant ventricular arrhythmias remains the major cause of mortality in the postindustrial world. Defective intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis has been well established as a key contributing factor to the enhanced propensity for arrhythmia in acquired cardiac disease, such as heart failure or diabetic cardiomyopathy. More recent advances provide a strong basis to the emerging view that hereditary cardiac arrhythmia syndromes are accompanied by maladaptive remodeling of Ca2+ homeostasis which substantially increases arrhythmic risk. This brief review will focus on functional changes in elements of Ca2+ handling machinery in cardiomyocytes that occur secondary to genetic mutations associated with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and long QT syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Roland Veress
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andriy Belevych
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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14
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Wei J, Yao J, Belke D, Guo W, Zhong X, Sun B, Wang R, Paul Estillore J, Vallmitjana A, Benitez R, Hove-Madsen L, Alvarez-Lacalle E, Echebarria B, Chen SRW. Ca 2+-CaM Dependent Inactivation of RyR2 Underlies Ca 2+ Alternans in Intact Heart. Circ Res 2020; 128:e63-e83. [PMID: 33375811 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ca2+ alternans plays an essential role in cardiac alternans that can lead to ventricular fibrillation, but the mechanism underlying Ca2+ alternans remains undefined. Increasing evidence suggests that Ca2+ alternans results from alternations in the inactivation of cardiac RyR2 (ryanodine receptor 2). However, what inactivates RyR2 and how RyR2 inactivation leads to Ca2+ alternans are unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of CaM (calmodulin) on Ca2+ alternans in intact working mouse hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS We used an in vivo local gene delivery approach to alter CaM function by directly injecting adenoviruses expressing CaM-wild type, a loss-of-function CaM mutation, CaM (1-4), and a gain-of-function mutation, CaM-M37Q, into the anterior wall of the left ventricle of RyR2 wild type or mutant mouse hearts. We monitored Ca2+ transients in ventricular myocytes near the adenovirus-injection sites in Langendorff-perfused intact working hearts using confocal Ca2+ imaging. We found that CaM-wild type and CaM-M37Q promoted Ca2+ alternans and prolonged Ca2+ transient recovery in intact RyR2 wild type and mutant hearts, whereas CaM (1-4) exerted opposite effects. Altered CaM function also affected the recovery from inactivation of the L-type Ca2+ current but had no significant impact on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content. Furthermore, we developed a novel numerical myocyte model of Ca2+ alternans that incorporates Ca2+-CaM-dependent regulation of RyR2 and the L-type Ca2+ channel. Remarkably, the new model recapitulates the impact on Ca2+ alternans of altered CaM and RyR2 functions under 9 different experimental conditions. Our simulations reveal that diastolic cytosolic Ca2+ elevation as a result of rapid pacing triggers Ca2+-CaM dependent inactivation of RyR2. The resultant RyR2 inactivation diminishes sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, which, in turn, reduces diastolic cytosolic Ca2+, leading to alternations in diastolic cytosolic Ca2+, RyR2 inactivation, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release (ie, Ca2+ alternans). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that inactivation of RyR2 by Ca2+-CaM is a major determinant of Ca2+ alternans, making Ca2+-CaM dependent regulation of RyR2 an important therapeutic target for cardiac alternans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Jinjing Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Darrell Belke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Wenting Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Xiaowei Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Ruiwu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - John Paul Estillore
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Alexander Vallmitjana
- Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain (A.V., R.B.)
| | - Raul Benitez
- Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain (A.V., R.B.).,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain (R.B.)
| | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- Biomedical Research Institute Barcelona IIBB-CSIC, CIBERCV and IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (L.H.-M.)
| | - Enrique Alvarez-Lacalle
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain (E.A.-L., B.E.)
| | - Blas Echebarria
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain (E.A.-L., B.E.)
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.W., J.Y., D.B., W.G., X.Z., B.S., R.W., J.P.E., S.R.W.C.)
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15
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Ng K, Titus EW, Lieve KV, Roston TM, Mazzanti A, Deiter FH, Denjoy I, Ingles J, Till J, Robyns T, Connors SP, Steinberg C, Abrams DJ, Pang B, Scheinman MM, Bos JM, Duffett SA, van der Werf C, Maltret A, Green MS, Rutberg J, Balaji S, Cadrin-Tourigny J, Orland KM, Knight LM, Brateng C, Wu J, Tang AS, Skanes AC, Manlucu J, Healey JS, January CT, Krahn AD, Collins KK, Maginot KR, Fischbach P, Etheridge SP, Eckhardt LL, Hamilton RM, Ackerman MJ, Noguer FRI, Semsarian C, Jura N, Leenhardt A, Gollob MH, Priori SG, Sanatani S, Wilde AAM, Deo RC, Roberts JD. An International Multicenter Evaluation of Inheritance Patterns, Arrhythmic Risks, and Underlying Mechanisms of CASQ2-Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. Circulation 2020; 142:932-947. [PMID: 32693635 PMCID: PMC7484339 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.045723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants in calsequestrin-2 (CASQ2) cause an autosomal recessive form of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), although isolated reports have identified arrhythmic phenotypes among heterozygotes. Improved insight into the inheritance patterns, arrhythmic risks, and molecular mechanisms of CASQ2-CPVT was sought through an international multicenter collaboration. METHODS Genotype-phenotype segregation in CASQ2-CPVT families was assessed, and the impact of genotype on arrhythmic risk was evaluated using Cox regression models. Putative dominant CASQ2 missense variants and the established recessive CASQ2-p.R33Q variant were evaluated using oligomerization assays and their locations mapped to a recent CASQ2 filament structure. RESULTS A total of 112 individuals, including 36 CPVT probands (24 homozygotes/compound heterozygotes and 12 heterozygotes) and 76 family members possessing at least 1 presumed pathogenic CASQ2 variant, were identified. Among CASQ2 homozygotes and compound heterozygotes, clinical penetrance was 97.1% and 26 of 34 (76.5%) individuals had experienced a potentially fatal arrhythmic event with a median age of onset of 7 years (95% CI, 6-11). Fifty-one of 66 CASQ2 heterozygous family members had undergone clinical evaluation, and 17 of 51 (33.3%) met diagnostic criteria for CPVT. Relative to CASQ2 heterozygotes, CASQ2 homozygote/compound heterozygote genotype status in probands was associated with a 3.2-fold (95% CI, 1.3-8.0; P=0.013) increased hazard of a composite of cardiac syncope, aborted cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death, but a 38.8-fold (95% CI, 5.6-269.1; P<0.001) increased hazard in genotype-positive family members. In vitro turbidity assays revealed that p.R33Q and all 6 candidate dominant CASQ2 missense variants evaluated exhibited filamentation defects, but only p.R33Q convincingly failed to dimerize. Structural analysis revealed that 3 of these 6 putative dominant negative missense variants localized to an electronegative pocket considered critical for back-to-back binding of dimers. CONCLUSIONS This international multicenter study of CASQ2-CPVT redefines its heritability and confirms that pathogenic heterozygous CASQ2 variants may manifest with a CPVT phenotype, indicating a need to clinically screen these individuals. A dominant mode of inheritance appears intrinsic to certain missense variants because of their location and function within the CASQ2 filament structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ng
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Cairns Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erron W. Titus
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Krystien V. Lieve
- Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart
| | - Thomas M. Roston
- Heart Rhythm Services, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart
- Molecular Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Frederick H. Deiter
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Isabelle Denjoy
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart
- Service de Cardiologie et CNMR Maladies Cardiacques Héréditaires Rares, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Jodie Ingles
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jan Till
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Robyns
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sean P. Connors
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | | | - Dominic J. Abrams
- Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmia Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin Pang
- Arrhythmia Service, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melvin M. Scheinman
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - J. Martijn Bos
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart Rhythm Services), Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (Division of Pediatric Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen A. Duffett
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Christian van der Werf
- Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart
| | - Alice Maltret
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart
- Service de Cardiologie et CNMR Maladies Cardiacques Héréditaires Rares, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Martin S. Green
- Arrhythmia Service, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Rutberg
- Arrhythmia Service, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seshadri Balaji
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Julia Cadrin-Tourigny
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Kate M. Orland
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Inherited Arrhythmia Clinic, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Linda M. Knight
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Sibley Heart Center Cardiology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Caitlin Brateng
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeremy Wu
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony S. Tang
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan C. Skanes
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaimie Manlucu
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff S. Healey
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig T. January
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Inherited Arrhythmia Clinic, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew D. Krahn
- Heart Rhythm Services, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kathryn K. Collins
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kathleen R. Maginot
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peter Fischbach
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Sibley Heart Center Cardiology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Susan P. Etheridge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, and Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lee L. Eckhardt
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Inherited Arrhythmia Clinic, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Robert M. Hamilton
- The Labatt Family Heart Centre (Department of Pediatrics) and Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J. Ackerman
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart Rhythm Services), Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (Division of Pediatric Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Antoine Leenhardt
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart
- Service de Cardiologie et CNMR Maladies Cardiacques Héréditaires Rares, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Michael H. Gollob
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvia G. Priori
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart
- Molecular Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Shubhayan Sanatani
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Heart Centre, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arthur A. M. Wilde
- Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart
| | - Rahul C. Deo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- One Brave Idea and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason D. Roberts
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Wleklinski MJ, Kannankeril PJ, Knollmann BC. Molecular and tissue mechanisms of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. J Physiol 2020; 598:2817-2834. [PMID: 32115705 PMCID: PMC7699301 DOI: 10.1113/jp276757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a stress-induced cardiac channelopathy that has a high mortality in untreated patients. Our understanding has grown tremendously since CPVT was first described as a clinical syndrome in 1995. It is now established that the deadly arrhythmias are caused by unregulated 'pathological' calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), the major calcium storage organelle in striated muscle. Important questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the pathological calcium release, regarding the tissue origin of the arrhythmic beats that initiate ventricular tachycardia, and regarding optimal therapeutic approaches. At present, mutations in six genes involved in SR calcium release have been identified as the genetic cause of CPVT: RYR2 (encoding ryanodine receptor calcium release channel), CASQ2 (encoding cardiac calsequestrin), TRDN (encoding triadin), CALM1, CALM2 and CALM3 (encoding identical calmodulin protein). Here, we review each CPVT subtype and how CPVT mutations alter protein function, RyR2 calcium release channel regulation, and cellular calcium handling. We then discuss research and hypotheses surrounding the tissue mechanisms underlying CPVT, such as the pathophysiological role of sinus node dysfunction in CPVT, and whether the arrhythmogenic beats originate from the conduction system or the ventricular working myocardium. Finally, we review the treatments that are available for patients with CPVT, their efficacy, and how therapy could be improved in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Wleklinski
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Prince J Kannankeril
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bjӧrn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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17
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Holt C, Hamborg L, Lau K, Brohus M, Sørensen AB, Larsen KT, Sommer C, Van Petegem F, Overgaard MT, Wimmer R. The arrhythmogenic N53I variant subtly changes the structure and dynamics in the calmodulin N-terminal domain, altering its interaction with the cardiac ryanodine receptor. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7620-7634. [PMID: 32317284 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the genes encoding the highly conserved Ca2+-sensing protein calmodulin (CaM) cause severe cardiac arrhythmias, including catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or long QT syndrome and sudden cardiac death. Most of the identified arrhythmogenic mutations reside in the C-terminal domain of CaM and mostly affect Ca2+-coordinating residues. One exception is the catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia-causing N53I substitution, which resides in the N-terminal domain (N-domain). It does not affect Ca2+ coordination and has only a minor impact on binding affinity toward Ca2+ and on other biophysical properties. Nevertheless, the N53I substitution dramatically affects CaM's ability to reduce the open probability of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) while having no effect on the regulation of the plasmalemmal voltage-gated Ca2+ channel, Cav1.2. To gain more insight into the molecular disease mechanism of this mutant, we used NMR to investigate the structures and dynamics of both apo- and Ca2+-bound CaM-N53I in solution. We also solved the crystal structures of WT and N53I CaM in complex with the primary calmodulin-binding domain (CaMBD2) from RyR2 at 1.84-2.13 Å resolutions. We found that all structures of the arrhythmogenic CaM-N53I variant are highly similar to those of WT CaM. However, we noted that the N53I substitution exposes an additional hydrophobic surface and that the intramolecular dynamics of the protein are significantly altered such that they destabilize the CaM N-domain. We conclude that the N53I-induced changes alter the interaction of the CaM N-domain with RyR2 and thereby likely cause the arrhythmogenic phenotype of this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Holt
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Louise Hamborg
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kelvin Lau
- University of British Columbia, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, V6T 1Z3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Malene Brohus
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Cordula Sommer
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- University of British Columbia, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, V6T 1Z3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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18
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Conditional Up-Regulation of SERCA2a Exacerbates RyR2-Dependent Ventricular and Atrial Arrhythmias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072535. [PMID: 32260593 PMCID: PMC7178036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) and SERCA2a are two major players in myocyte calcium (Ca) cycling that are modulated physiologically, affected by disease and thus considered to be potential targets for cardiac disease therapy. However, how RyR2 and SERCA2a influence each others’ activities, as well as the primary and secondary consequences of their combined manipulations remain controversial. In this study, we examined the effect of acute upregulation of SERCA2a on arrhythmogenesis by conditionally overexpressing SERCA2a in a mouse model featuring hyperactive RyR2s due to ablation of calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2). CASQ2 knock-out (KO) mice were crossbred with doxycycline (DOX)-inducible SERCA2a transgenic mice to generate KO-TG mice. In-vivo ECG studies have shown that induction of SERCA2a (DOX+) overexpression markedly exacerbated both ventricular and atrial arrhythmias in vivo, compared with uninduced KO-TG mice (DOX-). Consistent with that, confocal microscopy in both atrial and ventricular myocytes demonstrated that conditional upregulation of SERCA2a enhanced the rate of occurrence of diastolic Ca release events. Additionally, deep RNA sequencing identified 17 downregulated genes and 5 upregulated genes in DOX+ mice, among which Ppp1r13l, Clcn1, and Agt have previously been linked to arrhythmias. Our results suggest that conditional upregulation of SERCA2a exacerbates hyperactive RyR2-mediated arrhythmias by further elevating diastolic Ca release.
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19
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Calmodulin Mutations Associated with Heart Arrhythmia: A Status Report. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041418. [PMID: 32093079 PMCID: PMC7073091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous intracellular Ca2+ sensing protein that modifies gating of numerous ion channels. CaM has an extraordinarily high level of evolutionary conservation, which led to the fundamental assumption that mutation would be lethal. However, in 2012, complete exome sequencing of infants suffering from recurrent cardiac arrest revealed de novo mutations in the three human CALM genes. The correlation between mutations and pathophysiology suggests defects in CaM-dependent ion channel functions. Here, we review the current state of the field for all reported CaM mutations associated with cardiac arrhythmias, including knowledge of their biochemical and structural characteristics, and progress towards understanding how these mutations affect cardiac ion channel function.
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20
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McCarthy MR, Savich Y, Cornea RL, Thomas DD. Resolved Structural States of Calmodulin in Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Calcium Release. Biophys J 2020; 118:1090-1100. [PMID: 32049056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is proposed to modulate activity of the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor, RyR1 isoform) via a mechanism dependent on the conformation of RyR1-bound CaM. However, the correlation between CaM structure and functional regulation of RyR in physiologically relevant conditions is largely unknown. Here, we have used time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) to study structural changes in CaM that may play a role in the regulation of RyR1. We covalently labeled each lobe of CaM (N and C) with fluorescent probes and used intramolecular TR-FRET to assess interlobe distances when CaM is bound to RyR1 in SR membranes, purified RyR1, or a peptide corresponding to the CaM-binding domain of RyR (RyRp). TR-FRET resolved an equilibrium between two distinct structural states (conformations) of CaM, each characterized by an interlobe distance and Gaussian distribution width (disorder). In isolated CaM, at low Ca2+, the two conformations of CaM are resolved, centered at 5 nm (closed) and 7 nm (open). At high Ca2+, the equilibrium shifts to favor the open conformation. In the presence of RyRp at high Ca2+, the closed conformation shifts to a more compact conformation and is the major component. When CaM is bound to full-length RyR1, either purified or in SR membranes, strikingly different results were obtained: 1) the two conformations are resolved and more ordered, 2) the open state is the major component, and 3) Ca2+ stabilized the closed conformation by a factor of two. We conclude that the Ca2+-dependent structural distribution of CaM bound to RyR1 is distinct from that of CaM bound to RyRp. We propose that the function of RyR1 is tuned to the Ca2+-dependent structural dynamics of bound CaM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R McCarthy
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yahor Savich
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Minneapolis, Minnesota; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Razvan L Cornea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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21
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Yamaguchi N. Molecular Insights into Calcium Dependent Regulation of Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1131:321-336. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Pathophysiology of Calcium Mediated Ventricular Arrhythmias and Novel Therapeutic Options with Focus on Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215304. [PMID: 31653119 PMCID: PMC6862059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias constitute a major health problem with a huge impact on mortality rates and health care costs. Despite ongoing research efforts, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and processes responsible for arrhythmogenesis remains incomplete. Given the crucial role of Ca2+-handling in action potential generation and cardiac contraction, Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ handling proteins represent promising targets for suppression of ventricular arrhythmias. Accordingly, we report the different roles of Ca2+-handling in the development of congenital as well as acquired ventricular arrhythmia syndromes. We highlight the therapeutic potential of gene therapy as a novel and innovative approach for future arrhythmia therapy. Furthermore, we discuss various promising cellular and mitochondrial targets for therapeutic gene transfer currently under investigation.
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23
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Cacheux M, Fauconnier J, Thireau J, Osseni A, Brocard J, Roux-Buisson N, Brocard J, Fauré J, Lacampagne A, Marty I. Interplay between Triadin and Calsequestrin in the Pathogenesis of CPVT in the Mouse. Mol Ther 2019; 28:171-179. [PMID: 31607542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive forms of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) are induced by mutations in genes encoding triadin or calsequestrin, two proteins that belong to the Ca2+ release complex, responsible for intracellular Ca2+ release triggering cardiac contractions. To better understand the mechanisms of triadin-induced CPVT and to assay multiple therapeutic interventions, we used a triadin knockout mouse model presenting a CPVT-like phenotype associated with a decrease in calsequestrin protein level. We assessed different approaches to rescue protein expression and to correct intracellular Ca2+ release and cardiac function: pharmacological treatment with kifunensine or a viral gene transfer-based approach, using adeno-associated virus serotype 2/9 (AAV2/9) encoding the triadin or calsequestrin. We observed that the levels of triadin and calsequestrin are intimately linked, and that reduction of both proteins contributes to the CPVT phenotype. Different combinations of triadin and calsequestrin expression level were obtained using these therapeutic approaches. A full expression of each is not necessary to correct the phenotype; a fine-tuning of the relative re-expression of both triadin and calsequestrin is required to correct the CPVT phenotype and rescue the cardiac function. AAV-mediated gene delivery of calsequestrin or triadin and treatment with kifunensine are potential treatments for recessive forms of CPVT due to triadin mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Cacheux
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, INSERM, Grenoble Alpes University, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Jérémy Fauconnier
- University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS 9214, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Thireau
- University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS 9214, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexis Osseni
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, INSERM, Grenoble Alpes University, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Jacques Brocard
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, INSERM, Grenoble Alpes University, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Nathalie Roux-Buisson
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, INSERM, Grenoble Alpes University, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Julie Brocard
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, INSERM, Grenoble Alpes University, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Julien Fauré
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, INSERM, Grenoble Alpes University, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS 9214, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France.
| | - Isabelle Marty
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, INSERM, Grenoble Alpes University, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France.
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24
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Johnson CN, Pattanayek R, Potet F, Rebbeck RT, Blackwell DJ, Nikolaienko R, Sequeira V, Le Meur R, Radwański PB, Davis JP, Zima AV, Cornea RL, Damo SM, Györke S, George AL, Knollmann BC. The CaMKII inhibitor KN93-calmodulin interaction and implications for calmodulin tuning of Na V1.5 and RyR2 function. Cell Calcium 2019; 82:102063. [PMID: 31401388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the structure of the widely utilized calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor KN93 bound to the Ca2+-sensing protein CaM. KN93 is widely believed to inhibit CaMKII by binding to the kinase. The CaM-KN93 interaction is significant as it can interfere with the interaction between CaM and it's physiological targets, thereby raising the possibility of ascribing modified protein function to CaMKII phosphorylation while concealing a CaM-protein interaction. NMR spectroscopy, stopped-flow kinetic measurements, and x-ray crystallography were used to characterize the structure and biophysical properties of the CaM-KN93 interaction. We then investigated the functional properties of the cardiac Na+ channel (NaV1.5) and ryanodine receptor (RyR2). We find that KN93 disrupts a high affinity CaM-NaV1.5 interaction and alters channel function independent of CaMKII. Moreover, KN93 increases RyR2 Ca2+ release in cardiomyocytes independent of CaMKII. Therefore, when interpreting KN93 data, targets other than CaMKII need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Johnson
- Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Rekha Pattanayek
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Franck Potet
- Department of Pharmacology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, 60611, USA
| | - Robyn T Rebbeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel J Blackwell
- Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Roman Nikolaienko
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood IL, 60153, USA
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Translational Science Universitätsklinikum, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Remy Le Meur
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37204, USA
| | - Przemysław B Radwański
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan P Davis
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aleksey V Zima
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood IL, 60153, USA
| | - Razvan L Cornea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Sandor Györke
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alfred L George
- Department of Pharmacology Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, 60611, USA
| | - Björn C Knollmann
- Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
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25
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Nakamura Y, Yamamoto T, Kobayashi S, Tamitani M, Hamada Y, Fukui G, Xu X, Nishimura S, Kato T, Uchinoumi H, Oda T, Okuda S, Yano M. Ryanodine receptor-bound calmodulin is essential to protect against catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126112. [PMID: 31167968 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is caused by a single point mutation in the cardiac type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2). Using a knockin (KI) mouse model (R2474S/+), we previously reported that a single point mutation within the RyR2 sensitizes the channel to agonists, primarily mediated by defective interdomain interaction within the RyR2 and subsequent dissociation of calmodulin (CaM) from the RyR2. Here, we examined whether CPVT can be genetically rescued by enhancing the binding affinity of CaM to the RyR2. We first determined whether there is a possible amino acid substitution within the CaM-binding domain in the RyR2 (3584-3603 residues) that can enhance its binding affinity to CaM and found that V3599K substitution showed the highest binding affinity of CaM to the CaM-binding domain. Hence, we generated a heterozygous KI mouse model (V3599K/+) with a single amino acid substitution in the CaM-binding domain of the RyR2 and crossbred it with the heterozygous CPVT-associated R2474S/+-KI mouse to obtain a double-heterozygous R2474S/V3599K-KI mouse model. The CPVT phenotypes - bidirectional or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, spontaneous Ca2+ transients, and Ca2+ sparks - were all inhibited in the R2474S/V3599K mice. Thus, enhancement of the CaM-binding affinity of the RyR2 is essential to prevent CPVT-associated arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Masaki Tamitani
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Yoriomi Hamada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Go Fukui
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Takayoshi Kato
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Hitoshi Uchinoumi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Tetsuro Oda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Shinichi Okuda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, and
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26
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Bezzerides VJ, Caballero A, Wang S, Ai Y, Hylind RJ, Lu F, Heims-Waldron DA, Chambers KD, Zhang D, Abrams DJ, Pu WT. Gene Therapy for Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia by Inhibition of Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase II. Circulation 2019; 140:405-419. [PMID: 31155924 PMCID: PMC7274838 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.038514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), an inherited cardiac arrhythmia characterized by adrenergically triggered arrhythmias, is inadequately treated by current standard of care. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), an adrenergically activated kinase that contributes to arrhythmogenesis in heart disease models, is a candidate therapeutic target in CPVT. However, translation of CaMKII inhibition has been limited by the need for selective CaMKII inhibition in cardiomyocytes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that CaMKII inhibition with a cardiomyocyte-targeted gene therapy strategy would suppress arrhythmia in CPVT mouse models. METHODS We developed AAV9-GFP-AIP, an adeno-associated viral vector in which a potent CaMKII inhibitory peptide, autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide [AIP], is fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) and expressed from a cardiomyocyte selective promoter. The vector was delivered systemically. Arrhythmia burden was evaluated with invasive electrophysiology testing in adult mice. AIP was also tested on induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients with CPVT with different disease-causing mutations to determine the effectiveness of our proposed therapy on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and different pathogenic genotypes. RESULTS AAV9-GFP-AIP was robustly expressed in the heart without significant expression in extracardiac tissues, including the brain. Administration of AAV9-GFP-AIP to neonatal mice with a known CPVT mutation (RYR2R176Q/+) effectively suppressed ventricular arrhythmias induced by either β-adrenergic stimulation or programmed ventricular pacing, without significant proarrhythmic effect. Intravascular delivery of AAV9-GFP-AIP to adolescent mice transduced ≈50% of cardiomyocytes and was effective in suppressing arrhythmia in CPVT mice. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes derived from 2 different patients with CPVT with different pathogenic mutations demonstrated increased frequency of abnormal calcium release events, which was suppressed by a cell-permeable form of AIP. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study showed that AAV-mediated delivery of a CaMKII peptide inhibitor to the heart was effective in suppressing arrhythmias in a murine model of CPVT. CaMKII inhibition also reversed the arrhythmia phenotype in human CPVT induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte models with different pathogenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios J Bezzerides
- Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research and Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmias Programs, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (V.J.B., A.C., S.W., Y.A., R.J.H., F.L., D.A.H.-W., K.D.C., D.Z., D.J.A., W.T.P.)
| | - Ana Caballero
- Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research and Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmias Programs, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (V.J.B., A.C., S.W., Y.A., R.J.H., F.L., D.A.H.-W., K.D.C., D.Z., D.J.A., W.T.P.)
| | - Suya Wang
- Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research and Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmias Programs, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (V.J.B., A.C., S.W., Y.A., R.J.H., F.L., D.A.H.-W., K.D.C., D.Z., D.J.A., W.T.P.)
| | - Yulan Ai
- Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research and Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmias Programs, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (V.J.B., A.C., S.W., Y.A., R.J.H., F.L., D.A.H.-W., K.D.C., D.Z., D.J.A., W.T.P.)
| | - Robyn J Hylind
- Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research and Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmias Programs, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (V.J.B., A.C., S.W., Y.A., R.J.H., F.L., D.A.H.-W., K.D.C., D.Z., D.J.A., W.T.P.)
| | - Fujian Lu
- Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research and Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmias Programs, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (V.J.B., A.C., S.W., Y.A., R.J.H., F.L., D.A.H.-W., K.D.C., D.Z., D.J.A., W.T.P.)
| | - Danielle A Heims-Waldron
- Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research and Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmias Programs, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (V.J.B., A.C., S.W., Y.A., R.J.H., F.L., D.A.H.-W., K.D.C., D.Z., D.J.A., W.T.P.)
| | - Kristina D Chambers
- Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research and Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmias Programs, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (V.J.B., A.C., S.W., Y.A., R.J.H., F.L., D.A.H.-W., K.D.C., D.Z., D.J.A., W.T.P.)
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research and Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmias Programs, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (V.J.B., A.C., S.W., Y.A., R.J.H., F.L., D.A.H.-W., K.D.C., D.Z., D.J.A., W.T.P.)
| | - Dominic J Abrams
- Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research and Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmias Programs, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (V.J.B., A.C., S.W., Y.A., R.J.H., F.L., D.A.H.-W., K.D.C., D.Z., D.J.A., W.T.P.)
| | - William T Pu
- Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research and Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmias Programs, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA (V.J.B., A.C., S.W., Y.A., R.J.H., F.L., D.A.H.-W., K.D.C., D.Z., D.J.A., W.T.P.).,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P.)
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27
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Cagalinec M, Zahradníková A, Zahradníková A, Kováčová D, Paulis L, Kureková S, Hot’ka M, Pavelková J, Plaas M, Novotová M, Zahradník I. Calcium Signaling and Contractility in Cardiac Myocyte of Wolframin Deficient Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:172. [PMID: 30930784 PMCID: PMC6425137 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolframin (Wfs1) is a membrane protein of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum. Wfs1 mutations are responsible for the Wolfram syndrome, characterized by diabetic and neurological symptoms. Although Wfs1 is expressed in cardiac muscle, its role in this tissue is not clear. We have characterized the effect of invalidation of Wfs1 on calcium signaling-related processes in isolated ventricular myocytes of exon5-Wfs1 deficient rats (Wfs1-e5/-e5) before the onset of overt disease. Calcium transients and contraction were measured in field-stimulated isolated myocytes using confocal microscopy with calcium indicator fluo-3 AM and sarcomere length detection. Calcium currents and their calcium release-dependent inactivation were characterized in whole-cell patch-clamp experiments. At 4 months, Wfs1-e5/-e5 animals were euglycemic, and echocardiographic examination revealed fully compensated cardiac function. In field-stimulated isolated ventricular myocytes, both the amplitude and the duration of contraction of Wfs1-e5/-e5 animals were elevated relative to control Wfs1+/+ littermates. Increased contractility of myocytes resulted largely from prolonged cytosolic calcium transients. Neither the amplitude of calcium currents nor their voltage dependence of activation differed between the two groups. Calcium currents in Wfs1-e5/-e5 myocytes showed a larger extent of inactivation by short voltage prepulses applied to selectively induce calcium release-dependent inactivation of calcium current. Neither the calcium content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, measured by application of 20 mmol/l caffeine, nor the expression of SERCA2, determined from Western blots, differed significantly in myocytes of Wfs1-e5/-e5 animals compared to control ones. These experiments point to increased duration of calcium release in ventricular myocytes of Wfs1-e5/-e5 animals. We speculate that the lack of functional wolframin might cause changes leading to upregulation of RyR2 channels resulting in prolongation of channel openings and/or a delay in termination of calcium release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Cagalinec
- Department of Cellular Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alexandra Zahradníková
- Department of Cellular Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Zahradníková
- Department of Cellular Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Kováčová
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Paulis
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Simona Kureková
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Hot’ka
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Pavelková
- Department of Cellular Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mario Plaas
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marta Novotová
- Department of Cellular Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Zahradník
- Department of Cellular Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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28
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Nikolaienko R, Bovo E, Zima AV. Redox Dependent Modifications of Ryanodine Receptor: Basic Mechanisms and Implications in Heart Diseases. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1775. [PMID: 30574097 PMCID: PMC6291498 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart contraction vitally depends on tightly controlled intracellular Ca regulation. Because contraction is mainly driven by Ca released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), this organelle plays a particularly important role in Ca regulation. The type two ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is the major SR Ca release channel in ventricular myocytes. Several cardiac pathologies, including myocardial infarction and heart failure, are associated with increased RyR2 activity and diastolic SR Ca leak. It has been suggested that the increased RyR2 activity plays an important role in arrhythmias and contractile dysfunction. Several studies have linked increased SR Ca leak during myocardial infarction and heart failure to the activation of RyR2 in response to oxidative stress. This activation might include direct oxidation of RyR2 as well as indirect activation via phosphorylation or altered interactions with regulatory proteins. Out of ninety cysteine residues per RyR2 subunit, twenty one were reported to be in reduced state that could be potential targets for redox modifications that include S-nitrosylation, S-glutathionylation, and disulfide cross-linking. Despite its clinical significance, molecular mechanisms of RyR dysfunction during oxidative stress are not fully understood. Herein we review the most recent insights into redox-dependent modulation of RyR2 during oxidative stress and heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Nikolaienko
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Elisa Bovo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Aleksey V Zima
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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29
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Hamilton S, Terentyev D. Proarrhythmic Remodeling of Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiac Disease; Implications for Diabetes and Obesity. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 30425651 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01517, 10.3389/fpls.2018.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid growth in the incidence of diabetes and obesity has transpired to a major heath issue and economic burden in the postindustrial world, with more than 29 million patients affected in the United States alone. Cardiovascular defects have been established as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in delineating mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function and enhanced propensity for malignant cardiac arrhythmias characteristic of diabetic disease. Rhythmic cardiac contractility relies upon the precise interplay between several cellular Ca2+ transport protein complexes including plasmalemmal L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC), Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1), Sarco/endoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCa2a) and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), the SR Ca2+ release channels. Here we provide an overview of changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in diabetic ventricular myocytes and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Ca2+ handling proteins in the prevention of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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30
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Hamilton S, Terentyev D. Proarrhythmic Remodeling of Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiac Disease; Implications for Diabetes and Obesity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1517. [PMID: 30425651 PMCID: PMC6218530 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid growth in the incidence of diabetes and obesity has transpired to a major heath issue and economic burden in the postindustrial world, with more than 29 million patients affected in the United States alone. Cardiovascular defects have been established as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in delineating mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function and enhanced propensity for malignant cardiac arrhythmias characteristic of diabetic disease. Rhythmic cardiac contractility relies upon the precise interplay between several cellular Ca2+ transport protein complexes including plasmalemmal L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC), Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1), Sarco/endoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCa2a) and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), the SR Ca2+ release channels. Here we provide an overview of changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in diabetic ventricular myocytes and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Ca2+ handling proteins in the prevention of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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31
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Hamilton S, Terentyev D. Proarrhythmic Remodeling of Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiac Disease; Implications for Diabetes and Obesity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1517. [PMID: 30425651 PMCID: PMC6218530 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01517,+10.3389/fpls.2018.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid growth in the incidence of diabetes and obesity has transpired to a major heath issue and economic burden in the postindustrial world, with more than 29 million patients affected in the United States alone. Cardiovascular defects have been established as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in delineating mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function and enhanced propensity for malignant cardiac arrhythmias characteristic of diabetic disease. Rhythmic cardiac contractility relies upon the precise interplay between several cellular Ca2+ transport protein complexes including plasmalemmal L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC), Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1), Sarco/endoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCa2a) and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), the SR Ca2+ release channels. Here we provide an overview of changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in diabetic ventricular myocytes and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Ca2+ handling proteins in the prevention of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States,*Correspondence: Dmitry Terentyev,
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